[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163879},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len":3,"nav-reference":2105},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2098,"extension":2099,"meta":2100,"navigation":254,"path":2101,"seo":2102,"stem":2103,"__hash__":2104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2055},"minimark",[9,19,27,107,113,123,129,134,156,160,163,179,182,195,198,268,272,281,293,300,306,311,367,371,379,383,413,417,426,430,465,469,478,482,485,546,550,558,561,578,582,586,646,650,658,661,690,694,702,706,713,795,799,844,856,860,929,933,941,946,950,956,1002,1006,1015,1021,1024,1074,1078,1086,1096,1102,1163,1167,1175,1178,1182,1185,1218,1222,1241,1244,1289,1293,1316,1322,1328,1331,1380,1386,1389,1437,1441,1449,1453,1458,1462,1518,1522,1540,1544,1605,1609,1624,1628,1703,1707,1716,1720,1809,1813,1839,1851,1855,1858,1887,1890,1944,1947,1966,1970,1974,1980,1987,1993,1997,2002,2006,2013,2019,2022,2026,2051],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,16,17],"code",{},"len",")",[20,21,22,23,26],"p",{},"Use ",[15,24,25],{},"len()"," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[28,29,34],"pre",{"className":30,"code":31,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n","python","",[15,35,36,86],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38,41,45,49,53,57,61,63,66,69,72,74,76,78,81,83],"span",{"class":39,"line":40},"line",1,[37,42,44],{"class":43},"su5hD","colors ",[37,46,48],{"class":47},"smGrS","=",[37,50,52],{"class":51},"sP7_E"," (",[37,54,56],{"class":55},"sjJ54","\"",[37,58,60],{"class":59},"s_sjI","red",[37,62,56],{"class":55},[37,64,65],{"class":51},",",[37,67,68],{"class":55}," \"",[37,70,71],{"class":59},"green",[37,73,56],{"class":55},[37,75,65],{"class":51},[37,77,68],{"class":55},[37,79,80],{"class":59},"blue",[37,82,56],{"class":55},[37,84,85],{"class":51},")\n",[37,87,89,93,96,98,100,104],{"class":39,"line":88},2,[37,90,92],{"class":91},"sptTA","print",[37,94,95],{"class":51},"(",[37,97,17],{"class":91},[37,99,95],{"class":51},[37,101,103],{"class":102},"slqww","colors",[37,105,106],{"class":51},"))\n",[20,108,109],{},[110,111,112],"strong",{},"Output:",[28,114,116],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3\n",[15,117,118],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119,120],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121,115],{"class":122},"srdBf",[20,124,22,125,128],{},[15,126,127],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[130,131,133],"h2",{"id":132},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[135,136,137,144,150,153],"ul",{},[138,139,140,141,143],"li",{},"How ",[15,142,25],{}," works with tuples",[138,145,146,147,149],{},"What value ",[15,148,25],{}," returns",[138,151,152],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[138,154,155],{},"Common beginner mistakes",[130,157,159],{"id":158},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,161,162],{},"Use this pattern:",[28,164,166],{"className":30,"code":165,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,167,168],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,169,170,172,174,177],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,171,17],{"class":91},[37,173,95],{"class":51},[37,175,176],{"class":102},"my_tuple",[37,178,85],{"class":51},[20,180,181],{},"Important points:",[135,183,184,187,190],{},[138,185,186],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[138,188,189],{},"The result is an integer",[138,191,192,194],{},[15,193,25],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,196,197],{},"Example:",[28,199,201],{"className":30,"code":200,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,202,203,232,249,256],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,204,205,208,210,212,215,217,220,222,225,227,230],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,206,207],{"class":43},"numbers ",[37,209,48],{"class":47},[37,211,52],{"class":51},[37,213,214],{"class":122},"10",[37,216,65],{"class":51},[37,218,219],{"class":122}," 20",[37,221,65],{"class":51},[37,223,224],{"class":122}," 30",[37,226,65],{"class":51},[37,228,229],{"class":122}," 40",[37,231,85],{"class":51},[37,233,234,237,239,242,244,247],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,235,236],{"class":43},"count ",[37,238,48],{"class":47},[37,240,241],{"class":91}," len",[37,243,95],{"class":51},[37,245,246],{"class":102},"numbers",[37,248,85],{"class":51},[37,250,252],{"class":39,"line":251},3,[37,253,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},true,"\n",[37,257,259,261,263,266],{"class":39,"line":258},4,[37,260,92],{"class":91},[37,262,95],{"class":51},[37,264,265],{"class":102},"count",[37,267,85],{"class":51},[20,269,270],{},[110,271,112],{},[28,273,275],{"className":30,"code":274,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"4\n",[15,276,277],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,278,279],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,280,274],{"class":122},[20,282,283,284,292],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[285,286,288,289,291],"a",{"href":287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F","Python ",[15,290,25],{}," function explained",".",[130,294,296,297,299],{"id":295},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple","What ",[15,298,25],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,301,302,303,305],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,304,25],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[307,308,310],"h3",{"id":309},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[28,312,314],{"className":30,"code":313,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,315,316,352],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,317,318,321,323,325,327,330,332,334,336,339,341,343,345,348,350],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,319,320],{"class":43},"fruits ",[37,322,48],{"class":47},[37,324,52],{"class":51},[37,326,56],{"class":55},[37,328,329],{"class":59},"apple",[37,331,56],{"class":55},[37,333,65],{"class":51},[37,335,68],{"class":55},[37,337,338],{"class":59},"banana",[37,340,56],{"class":55},[37,342,65],{"class":51},[37,344,68],{"class":55},[37,346,347],{"class":59},"orange",[37,349,56],{"class":55},[37,351,85],{"class":51},[37,353,354,356,358,360,362,365],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,355,92],{"class":91},[37,357,95],{"class":51},[37,359,17],{"class":91},[37,361,95],{"class":51},[37,363,364],{"class":102},"fruits",[37,366,106],{"class":51},[20,368,369],{},[110,370,112],{},[28,372,373],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,374,375],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,376,377],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,378,115],{"class":122},[307,380,382],{"id":381},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[28,384,386],{"className":30,"code":385,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,387,388,398],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,389,390,393,395],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,391,392],{"class":43},"empty_tuple ",[37,394,48],{"class":47},[37,396,397],{"class":51}," ()\n",[37,399,400,402,404,406,408,411],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,401,92],{"class":91},[37,403,95],{"class":51},[37,405,17],{"class":91},[37,407,95],{"class":51},[37,409,410],{"class":102},"empty_tuple",[37,412,106],{"class":51},[20,414,415],{},[110,416,112],{},[28,418,420],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0\n",[15,421,422],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,423,424],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,425,419],{"class":122},[307,427,429],{"id":428},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[28,431,433],{"className":30,"code":432,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,434,435,450],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,436,437,440,442,444,447],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,438,439],{"class":43},"single_value ",[37,441,48],{"class":47},[37,443,52],{"class":51},[37,445,446],{"class":122},"5",[37,448,449],{"class":51},",)\n",[37,451,452,454,456,458,460,463],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,453,92],{"class":91},[37,455,95],{"class":51},[37,457,17],{"class":91},[37,459,95],{"class":51},[37,461,462],{"class":102},"single_value",[37,464,106],{"class":51},[20,466,467],{},[110,468,112],{},[28,470,472],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1\n",[15,473,474],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,475,476],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,477,471],{"class":122},[307,479,481],{"id":480},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,483,484],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[28,486,488],{"className":30,"code":487,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,489,490,531],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,491,492,495,497,499,502,504,506,509,511,514,517,520,523,525,528],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,493,494],{"class":43},"data ",[37,496,48],{"class":47},[37,498,52],{"class":51},[37,500,501],{"class":122},"1",[37,503,65],{"class":51},[37,505,52],{"class":51},[37,507,508],{"class":122},"2",[37,510,65],{"class":51},[37,512,513],{"class":122}," 3",[37,515,516],{"class":51},"),",[37,518,519],{"class":51}," [",[37,521,522],{"class":122},"4",[37,524,65],{"class":51},[37,526,527],{"class":122}," 5",[37,529,530],{"class":51},"])\n",[37,532,533,535,537,539,541,544],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,534,92],{"class":91},[37,536,95],{"class":51},[37,538,17],{"class":91},[37,540,95],{"class":51},[37,542,543],{"class":102},"data",[37,545,106],{"class":51},[20,547,548],{},[110,549,112],{},[28,551,552],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,553,554],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,555,556],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,557,115],{"class":122},[20,559,560],{},"In this example:",[135,562,563,568,573],{},[138,564,565,567],{},[15,566,501],{}," is one item",[138,569,570,567],{},[15,571,572],{},"(2, 3)",[138,574,575,567],{},[15,576,577],{},"[4, 5]",[130,579,581],{"id":580},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[307,583,585],{"id":584},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[28,587,589],{"className":30,"code":588,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,590,591,632],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,592,593,595,597,599,601,603,605,607,609,611,613,615,617,619,621,623,625,628,630],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,594,44],{"class":43},[37,596,48],{"class":47},[37,598,52],{"class":51},[37,600,56],{"class":55},[37,602,60],{"class":59},[37,604,56],{"class":55},[37,606,65],{"class":51},[37,608,68],{"class":55},[37,610,71],{"class":59},[37,612,56],{"class":55},[37,614,65],{"class":51},[37,616,68],{"class":55},[37,618,80],{"class":59},[37,620,56],{"class":55},[37,622,65],{"class":51},[37,624,68],{"class":55},[37,626,627],{"class":59},"yellow",[37,629,56],{"class":55},[37,631,85],{"class":51},[37,633,634,636,638,640,642,644],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,635,92],{"class":91},[37,637,95],{"class":51},[37,639,17],{"class":91},[37,641,95],{"class":51},[37,643,103],{"class":102},[37,645,106],{"class":51},[20,647,648],{},[110,649,112],{},[28,651,652],{"className":30,"code":274,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,653,654],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,655,656],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,657,274],{"class":122},[307,659,382],{"id":660},"empty-tuple-1",[28,662,664],{"className":30,"code":663,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,665,666,675],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,667,668,671,673],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,669,670],{"class":43},"items ",[37,672,48],{"class":47},[37,674,397],{"class":51},[37,676,677,679,681,683,685,688],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,678,92],{"class":91},[37,680,95],{"class":51},[37,682,17],{"class":91},[37,684,95],{"class":51},[37,686,687],{"class":102},"items",[37,689,106],{"class":51},[20,691,692],{},[110,693,112],{},[28,695,696],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,697,698],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,699,700],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,701,419],{"class":122},[307,703,705],{"id":704},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,707,708,709,712],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[110,710,711],{},"not"," always a tuple.",[28,714,716],{"className":30,"code":715,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,717,718,731,744,748,764,780],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,719,720,723,725,727,729],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,721,722],{"class":43},"a ",[37,724,48],{"class":47},[37,726,52],{"class":51},[37,728,446],{"class":122},[37,730,85],{"class":51},[37,732,733,736,738,740,742],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,734,735],{"class":43},"b ",[37,737,48],{"class":47},[37,739,52],{"class":51},[37,741,446],{"class":122},[37,743,449],{"class":51},[37,745,746],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,747,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,749,750,752,754,758,760,762],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,751,92],{"class":91},[37,753,95],{"class":51},[37,755,757],{"class":756},"sZMiF","type",[37,759,95],{"class":51},[37,761,285],{"class":102},[37,763,106],{"class":51},[37,765,767,769,771,773,775,778],{"class":39,"line":766},5,[37,768,92],{"class":91},[37,770,95],{"class":51},[37,772,757],{"class":756},[37,774,95],{"class":51},[37,776,777],{"class":102},"b",[37,779,106],{"class":51},[37,781,783,785,787,789,791,793],{"class":39,"line":782},6,[37,784,92],{"class":91},[37,786,95],{"class":51},[37,788,17],{"class":91},[37,790,95],{"class":51},[37,792,777],{"class":102},[37,794,106],{"class":51},[20,796,797],{},[110,798,112],{},[28,800,802],{"className":30,"code":801,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,803,804,825,840],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,805,806,809,813,816,819,822],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,807,808],{"class":47},"\u003C",[37,810,812],{"class":811},"sbsja","class",[37,814,815],{"class":55}," '",[37,817,818],{"class":59},"int",[37,820,821],{"class":55},"'",[37,823,824],{"class":47},">\n",[37,826,827,829,831,833,836,838],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,828,808],{"class":47},[37,830,812],{"class":811},[37,832,815],{"class":55},[37,834,835],{"class":59},"tuple",[37,837,821],{"class":55},[37,839,824],{"class":47},[37,841,842],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,843,471],{"class":122},[20,845,846,847,851,852,292],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[285,848,850],{"href":849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","Python tuple: creating a tuple"," and ",[285,853,855],{"href":854},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[307,857,859],{"id":858},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[28,861,863],{"className":30,"code":862,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,864,865,914],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,866,867,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,891,894,896,898,901,903,905,907,910,912],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,868,869],{"class":43},"mixed ",[37,871,48],{"class":47},[37,873,52],{"class":51},[37,875,56],{"class":55},[37,877,329],{"class":59},[37,879,56],{"class":55},[37,881,65],{"class":51},[37,883,519],{"class":51},[37,885,501],{"class":122},[37,887,65],{"class":51},[37,889,890],{"class":122}," 2",[37,892,893],{"class":51},"],",[37,895,52],{"class":51},[37,897,56],{"class":55},[37,899,900],{"class":59},"x",[37,902,56],{"class":55},[37,904,65],{"class":51},[37,906,68],{"class":55},[37,908,909],{"class":59},"y",[37,911,56],{"class":55},[37,913,106],{"class":51},[37,915,916,918,920,922,924,927],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,917,92],{"class":91},[37,919,95],{"class":51},[37,921,17],{"class":91},[37,923,95],{"class":51},[37,925,926],{"class":102},"mixed",[37,928,106],{"class":51},[20,930,931],{},[110,932,112],{},[28,934,935],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,936,937],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,938,939],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,940,115],{"class":122},[20,942,943,945],{},[15,944,25],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[130,947,949],{"id":948},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[307,951,953,955],{"id":952},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,954,25],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[28,957,959],{"className":30,"code":958,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,960,961,987],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,962,963,966,968,970,972,975,977,979,981,983,985],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,964,965],{"class":43},"words ",[37,967,48],{"class":47},[37,969,52],{"class":51},[37,971,56],{"class":55},[37,973,974],{"class":59},"hi",[37,976,56],{"class":55},[37,978,65],{"class":51},[37,980,68],{"class":55},[37,982,32],{"class":59},[37,984,56],{"class":55},[37,986,85],{"class":51},[37,988,989,991,993,995,997,1000],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,990,92],{"class":91},[37,992,95],{"class":51},[37,994,17],{"class":91},[37,996,95],{"class":51},[37,998,999],{"class":102},"words",[37,1001,106],{"class":51},[20,1003,1004],{},[110,1005,112],{},[28,1007,1009],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"2\n",[15,1010,1011],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1012,1013],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1014,1008],{"class":122},[20,1016,1017,1018,1020],{},"This result is ",[15,1019,508],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,1022,1023],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[28,1025,1027],{"className":30,"code":1026,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,1028,1029,1053],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1030,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1032,965],{"class":43},[37,1034,48],{"class":47},[37,1036,52],{"class":51},[37,1038,56],{"class":55},[37,1040,974],{"class":59},[37,1042,56],{"class":55},[37,1044,65],{"class":51},[37,1046,68],{"class":55},[37,1048,32],{"class":59},[37,1050,56],{"class":55},[37,1052,85],{"class":51},[37,1054,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1068,1071],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1056,92],{"class":91},[37,1058,95],{"class":51},[37,1060,17],{"class":91},[37,1062,95],{"class":51},[37,1064,999],{"class":102},[37,1066,1067],{"class":51},"[",[37,1069,1070],{"class":122},"0",[37,1072,1073],{"class":51},"]))\n",[20,1075,1076],{},[110,1077,112],{},[28,1079,1080],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,1081,1082],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1083,1084],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1085,1008],{"class":122},[20,1087,1088,1089,1092,1093,292],{},"Here, ",[15,1090,1091],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,1094,1095],{},"\"hi\"",[307,1097,1099,1101],{"id":1098},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,1100,25],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[28,1103,1105],{"className":30,"code":1104,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,1106,1107,1148],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1108,1109,1112,1114,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1130,1132,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1146],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1110,1111],{"class":43},"values ",[37,1113,48],{"class":47},[37,1115,1116],{"class":51}," ((",[37,1118,501],{"class":122},[37,1120,65],{"class":51},[37,1122,890],{"class":122},[37,1124,516],{"class":51},[37,1126,52],{"class":51},[37,1128,1129],{"class":122},"3",[37,1131,65],{"class":51},[37,1133,1134],{"class":122}," 4",[37,1136,516],{"class":51},[37,1138,52],{"class":51},[37,1140,446],{"class":122},[37,1142,65],{"class":51},[37,1144,1145],{"class":122}," 6",[37,1147,106],{"class":51},[37,1149,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1161],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1151,92],{"class":91},[37,1153,95],{"class":51},[37,1155,17],{"class":91},[37,1157,95],{"class":51},[37,1159,1160],{"class":102},"values",[37,1162,106],{"class":51},[20,1164,1165],{},[110,1166,112],{},[28,1168,1169],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,1170,1171],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1172,1173],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1174,115],{"class":122},[20,1176,1177],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[307,1179,1181],{"id":1180},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,1183,1184],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[28,1186,1188],{"className":30,"code":1187,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,1189,1190,1203],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1191,1192,1195,1197,1199,1201],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1193,1194],{"class":43},"value ",[37,1196,48],{"class":47},[37,1198,52],{"class":51},[37,1200,214],{"class":122},[37,1202,85],{"class":51},[37,1204,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1216],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1206,92],{"class":91},[37,1208,95],{"class":51},[37,1210,757],{"class":756},[37,1212,95],{"class":51},[37,1214,1215],{"class":102},"value",[37,1217,106],{"class":51},[20,1219,1220],{},[110,1221,112],{},[28,1223,1225],{"className":30,"code":1224,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,1226,1227],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1228,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1230,808],{"class":47},[37,1232,812],{"class":811},[37,1234,815],{"class":55},[37,1236,818],{"class":59},[37,1238,821],{"class":55},[37,1240,824],{"class":47},[20,1242,1243],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[28,1245,1247],{"className":30,"code":1246,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,1248,1249,1261,1275],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1250,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1252,1194],{"class":43},[37,1254,48],{"class":47},[37,1256,52],{"class":51},[37,1258,214],{"class":122},[37,1260,449],{"class":51},[37,1262,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1264,92],{"class":91},[37,1266,95],{"class":51},[37,1268,757],{"class":756},[37,1270,95],{"class":51},[37,1272,1215],{"class":102},[37,1274,106],{"class":51},[37,1276,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1278,92],{"class":91},[37,1280,95],{"class":51},[37,1282,17],{"class":91},[37,1284,95],{"class":51},[37,1286,1215],{"class":102},[37,1288,106],{"class":51},[20,1290,1291],{},[110,1292,112],{},[28,1294,1296],{"className":30,"code":1295,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,1297,1298,1312],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1299,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1301,808],{"class":47},[37,1303,812],{"class":811},[37,1305,815],{"class":55},[37,1307,835],{"class":59},[37,1309,821],{"class":55},[37,1311,824],{"class":47},[37,1313,1314],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1315,471],{"class":122},[307,1317,1319,1321],{"id":1318},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,1320,17],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,1323,1324,1325,1327],{},"Do not use ",[15,1326,17],{}," as a variable name.",[20,1329,1330],{},"Bad example:",[28,1332,1334],{"className":30,"code":1333,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,1335,1336,1346,1366],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1337,1338,1340,1343],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1339,17],{"class":91},[37,1341,1342],{"class":47}," =",[37,1344,1345],{"class":122}," 10\n",[37,1347,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1349,207],{"class":43},[37,1351,48],{"class":47},[37,1353,52],{"class":51},[37,1355,501],{"class":122},[37,1357,65],{"class":51},[37,1359,890],{"class":122},[37,1361,65],{"class":51},[37,1363,513],{"class":122},[37,1365,85],{"class":51},[37,1367,1368,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1369,92],{"class":91},[37,1371,95],{"class":51},[37,1373,17],{"class":91},[37,1375,95],{"class":51},[37,1377,246],{"class":102},[37,1379,106],{"class":51},[20,1381,1382,1383,1385],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,1384,17],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,1387,1388],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[28,1390,1392],{"className":30,"code":1391,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,1393,1394,1403,1423],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1395,1396,1399,1401],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1397,1398],{"class":43},"length_value ",[37,1400,48],{"class":47},[37,1402,1345],{"class":122},[37,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1406,207],{"class":43},[37,1408,48],{"class":47},[37,1410,52],{"class":51},[37,1412,501],{"class":122},[37,1414,65],{"class":51},[37,1416,890],{"class":122},[37,1418,65],{"class":51},[37,1420,513],{"class":122},[37,1422,85],{"class":51},[37,1424,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1426,92],{"class":91},[37,1428,95],{"class":51},[37,1430,17],{"class":91},[37,1432,95],{"class":51},[37,1434,246],{"class":102},[37,1436,106],{"class":51},[20,1438,1439],{},[110,1440,112],{},[28,1442,1443],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,1444,1445],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1446,1447],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1448,115],{"class":122},[130,1450,1452],{"id":1451},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,1454,1455,1457],{},[15,1456,25],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[307,1459,1461],{"id":1460},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[28,1463,1465],{"className":30,"code":1464,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,1466,1467,1475,1479,1502],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1468,1469,1471,1473],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1470,670],{"class":43},[37,1472,48],{"class":47},[37,1474,397],{"class":51},[37,1476,1477],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1478,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,1480,1481,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1496,1499],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1482,1484],{"class":1483},"sVHd0","if",[37,1486,241],{"class":91},[37,1488,95],{"class":51},[37,1490,687],{"class":102},[37,1492,18],{"class":51},[37,1494,1495],{"class":47}," ==",[37,1497,1498],{"class":122}," 0",[37,1500,1501],{"class":51},":\n",[37,1503,1504,1507,1509,1511,1514,1516],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,1505,1506],{"class":91},"    print",[37,1508,95],{"class":51},[37,1510,56],{"class":55},[37,1512,1513],{"class":59},"The tuple is empty",[37,1515,56],{"class":55},[37,1517,85],{"class":51},[20,1519,1520],{},[110,1521,112],{},[28,1523,1525],{"className":30,"code":1524,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,1526,1527],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1528,1529,1532,1534,1537],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1530,1531],{"class":43},"The ",[37,1533,835],{"class":756},[37,1535,1536],{"class":47}," is",[37,1538,1539],{"class":43}," empty\n",[307,1541,1543],{"id":1542},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[28,1545,1547],{"className":30,"code":1546,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,1548,1549,1567,1571,1590],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1550,1551,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1565],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1552,1553],{"class":43},"point ",[37,1555,48],{"class":47},[37,1557,52],{"class":51},[37,1559,522],{"class":122},[37,1561,65],{"class":51},[37,1563,1564],{"class":122}," 7",[37,1566,85],{"class":51},[37,1568,1569],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1570,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,1572,1573,1575,1577,1579,1582,1584,1586,1588],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1574,1484],{"class":1483},[37,1576,241],{"class":91},[37,1578,95],{"class":51},[37,1580,1581],{"class":102},"point",[37,1583,18],{"class":51},[37,1585,1495],{"class":47},[37,1587,890],{"class":122},[37,1589,1501],{"class":51},[37,1591,1592,1594,1596,1598,1601,1603],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,1593,1506],{"class":91},[37,1595,95],{"class":51},[37,1597,56],{"class":55},[37,1599,1600],{"class":59},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[37,1602,56],{"class":55},[37,1604,85],{"class":51},[20,1606,1607],{},[110,1608,112],{},[28,1610,1612],{"className":30,"code":1611,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,1613,1614],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1615,1616,1619,1621],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1617,1618],{"class":43},"This looks like an x",[37,1620,65],{"class":51},[37,1622,1623],{"class":43}," y coordinate\n",[307,1625,1627],{"id":1626},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[28,1629,1631],{"className":30,"code":1630,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,1632,1633,1665,1669,1688],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1634,1635,1638,1640,1642,1644,1647,1649,1651,1654,1656,1658,1661,1663],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1636,1637],{"class":43},"user ",[37,1639,48],{"class":47},[37,1641,52],{"class":51},[37,1643,56],{"class":55},[37,1645,1646],{"class":59},"Ana",[37,1648,56],{"class":55},[37,1650,65],{"class":51},[37,1652,1653],{"class":122}," 25",[37,1655,65],{"class":51},[37,1657,68],{"class":55},[37,1659,1660],{"class":59},"Canada",[37,1662,56],{"class":55},[37,1664,85],{"class":51},[37,1666,1667],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1668,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,1670,1671,1673,1675,1677,1680,1682,1684,1686],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1672,1484],{"class":1483},[37,1674,241],{"class":91},[37,1676,95],{"class":51},[37,1678,1679],{"class":102},"user",[37,1681,18],{"class":51},[37,1683,1495],{"class":47},[37,1685,513],{"class":122},[37,1687,1501],{"class":51},[37,1689,1690,1692,1694,1696,1699,1701],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,1691,1506],{"class":91},[37,1693,95],{"class":51},[37,1695,56],{"class":55},[37,1697,1698],{"class":59},"User record has the expected number of values",[37,1700,56],{"class":55},[37,1702,85],{"class":51},[20,1704,1705],{},[110,1706,112],{},[28,1708,1710],{"className":30,"code":1709,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,1711,1712],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1713,1714],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1715,1709],{"class":43},[307,1717,1719],{"id":1718},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[28,1721,1723],{"className":30,"code":1722,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,1724,1725,1759,1763,1789],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1726,1727,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1755,1757],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1728,1729],{"class":43},"letters ",[37,1731,48],{"class":47},[37,1733,52],{"class":51},[37,1735,56],{"class":55},[37,1737,285],{"class":59},[37,1739,56],{"class":55},[37,1741,65],{"class":51},[37,1743,68],{"class":55},[37,1745,777],{"class":59},[37,1747,56],{"class":55},[37,1749,65],{"class":51},[37,1751,68],{"class":55},[37,1753,1754],{"class":59},"c",[37,1756,56],{"class":55},[37,1758,85],{"class":51},[37,1760,1761],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1762,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,1764,1765,1768,1771,1774,1777,1779,1781,1783,1786],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1766,1767],{"class":1483},"for",[37,1769,1770],{"class":43}," i ",[37,1772,1773],{"class":1483},"in",[37,1775,1776],{"class":91}," range",[37,1778,95],{"class":51},[37,1780,17],{"class":91},[37,1782,95],{"class":51},[37,1784,1785],{"class":102},"letters",[37,1787,1788],{"class":51},")):\n",[37,1790,1791,1793,1795,1798,1800,1803,1805,1807],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,1792,1506],{"class":91},[37,1794,95],{"class":51},[37,1796,1797],{"class":102},"i",[37,1799,65],{"class":51},[37,1801,1802],{"class":102}," letters",[37,1804,1067],{"class":51},[37,1806,1797],{"class":102},[37,1808,530],{"class":51},[20,1810,1811],{},[110,1812,112],{},[28,1814,1816],{"className":30,"code":1815,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,1817,1818,1825,1832],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1819,1820,1822],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1821,1070],{"class":122},[37,1823,1824],{"class":43}," a\n",[37,1826,1827,1829],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1828,501],{"class":122},[37,1830,1831],{"class":43}," b\n",[37,1833,1834,1836],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1835,508],{"class":122},[37,1837,1838],{"class":43}," c\n",[20,1840,1841,1842,1846,1847,292],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[285,1843,1845],{"href":1844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[285,1848,1850],{"href":1849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[130,1852,1854],{"id":1853},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1856,1857],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[135,1859,1860,1870,1878,1884],{},[138,1861,1862,1863,1866,1867],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,1864,1865],{},"(5)"," instead of ",[15,1868,1869],{},"(5,)",[138,1871,1872,1873,1875,1876],{},"Using ",[15,1874,17],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,1877,25],{},[138,1879,1880,1881,1883],{},"Expecting ",[15,1882,25],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[138,1885,1886],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,1888,1889],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[28,1891,1893],{"className":30,"code":1892,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,1894,1895,1905,1919,1933],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,1896,1897,1899,1901,1903],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,1898,92],{"class":91},[37,1900,95],{"class":51},[37,1902,176],{"class":102},[37,1904,85],{"class":51},[37,1906,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,1908,92],{"class":91},[37,1910,95],{"class":51},[37,1912,757],{"class":756},[37,1914,95],{"class":51},[37,1916,176],{"class":102},[37,1918,106],{"class":51},[37,1920,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,1922,92],{"class":91},[37,1924,95],{"class":51},[37,1926,17],{"class":91},[37,1928,95],{"class":51},[37,1930,176],{"class":102},[37,1932,106],{"class":51},[37,1934,1935,1938,1940,1942],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,1936,1937],{"class":91},"help",[37,1939,95],{"class":51},[37,1941,17],{"class":91},[37,1943,85],{"class":51},[20,1945,1946],{},"These can help you confirm:",[135,1948,1949,1952,1955,1960],{},[138,1950,1951],{},"what value you are using",[138,1953,1954],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[138,1956,1957,1958,149],{},"what ",[15,1959,25],{},[138,1961,1962,1963,1965],{},"how ",[15,1964,25],{}," is documented in Python",[130,1967,1969],{"id":1968},"faq","FAQ",[307,1971,1973],{"id":1972},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,1975,22,1976,1979],{},[15,1977,1978],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[307,1981,1983,1984,1986],{"id":1982},"does-len-change-the-tuple","Does ",[15,1985,25],{}," change the tuple?",[20,1988,1989,1990,1992],{},"No. ",[15,1991,25],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[307,1994,1996],{"id":1995},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,1998,1999,2000,292],{},"The length is ",[15,2001,1070],{},[307,2003,2005],{"id":2004},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,2007,2008,2009,2012],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,2010,2011],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[307,2014,1983,2016,2018],{"id":2015},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,2017,25],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,2020,2021],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[130,2023,2025],{"id":2024},"see-also","See also",[135,2027,2028,2034,2038,2042,2046],{},[138,2029,2030],{},[285,2031,288,2032,291],{"href":287},[15,2033,25],{},[138,2035,2036],{},[285,2037,850],{"href":849},[138,2039,2040],{},[285,2041,1845],{"href":1844},[138,2043,2044],{},[285,2045,1850],{"href":1849},[138,2047,2048],{},[285,2049,2050],{"href":854},"What is a tuple in Python",[2052,2053,2054],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":2056},[2057,2058,2059,2066,2072,2081,2087,2088,2097],{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":295,"depth":88,"text":2060,"children":2061},"What len() returns for a tuple",[2062,2063,2064,2065],{"id":309,"depth":251,"text":310},{"id":381,"depth":251,"text":382},{"id":428,"depth":251,"text":429},{"id":480,"depth":251,"text":481},{"id":580,"depth":88,"text":581,"children":2067},[2068,2069,2070,2071],{"id":584,"depth":251,"text":585},{"id":660,"depth":251,"text":382},{"id":704,"depth":251,"text":705},{"id":858,"depth":251,"text":859},{"id":948,"depth":88,"text":949,"children":2073},[2074,2076,2078,2079],{"id":952,"depth":251,"text":2075},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":1098,"depth":251,"text":2077},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":1180,"depth":251,"text":1181},{"id":1318,"depth":251,"text":2080},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":1451,"depth":88,"text":1452,"children":2082},[2083,2084,2085,2086],{"id":1460,"depth":251,"text":1461},{"id":1542,"depth":251,"text":1543},{"id":1626,"depth":251,"text":1627},{"id":1718,"depth":251,"text":1719},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":2089},[2090,2091,2093,2094,2095],{"id":1972,"depth":251,"text":1973},{"id":1982,"depth":251,"text":2092},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":1995,"depth":251,"text":1996},{"id":2004,"depth":251,"text":2005},{"id":2015,"depth":251,"text":2096},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":5,"description":2098},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",[2106,3693,5398,7094,9229,11425,12940,15113,17317,19774,21611,24176,26273,28555,30503,32412,34408,35848,37668,40190,42350,43577,44946,46593,48910,50753,52732,54425,55678,57372,59123,61093,62843,64942,66302,68253,69813,71803,73598,75498,77940,80018,82658,84687,86650,88838,90842,93155,94837,96282,97476,98654,100494,102934,104638,106653,108177,109422,110585,111967,114038,115935,117709,119575,121694,123434,124895,126489,128412,130089,132024,133513,136297,137874,139433,141461,143413,144876,146065,147951,149359,151044,152598,154020,155422,157166,159560,161391],{"id":2107,"title":2108,"body":2109,"description":3687,"extension":2099,"meta":3688,"navigation":254,"path":3689,"seo":3690,"stem":3691,"__hash__":3692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2110,"toc":3659},[2111,2114,2120,2123,2134,2137,2141,2204,2206,2226,2231,2235,2240,2243,2258,2261,2286,2289,2291,2294,2309,2312,2338,2340,2400,2402,2417,2427,2438,2442,2445,2498,2500,2520,2523,2547,2554,2558,2563,2569,2571,2606,2608,2617,2624,2641,2644,2656,2660,2665,2669,2672,2692,2694,2750,2752,2760,2763,2767,2799,2801,2809,2812,2816,2821,2869,2871,2879,2883,2943,2945,2953,2956,2958,2962,2965,2988,2997,3014,3065,3067,3082,3093,3097,3100,3128,3135,3139,3144,3185,3187,3198,3201,3244,3246,3254,3258,3263,3285,3287,3296,3305,3309,3314,3336,3338,3408,3410,3457,3460,3463,3466,3546,3548,3579,3581,3585,3588,3592,3595,3599,3602,3606,3618,3622,3625,3627,3656],[10,2112,2108],{"id":2113},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2115,1531,2116,2119],{},[15,2117,2118],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2121,2122],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[135,2124,2125,2128,2131],{},[138,2126,2127],{},"a number without its negative sign",[138,2129,2130],{},"the distance between two numbers",[138,2132,2133],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2135,2136],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[130,2138,2140],{"id":2139},"quick-example","Quick example",[28,2142,2144],{"className":30,"code":2143,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2145,2146,2165,2180],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2147,2148,2150,2152,2155,2157,2160,2163],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2149,92],{"class":91},[37,2151,95],{"class":51},[37,2153,2154],{"class":91},"abs",[37,2156,95],{"class":51},[37,2158,2159],{"class":47},"-",[37,2161,2162],{"class":122},"7",[37,2164,106],{"class":51},[37,2166,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2178],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2168,92],{"class":91},[37,2170,95],{"class":51},[37,2172,2154],{"class":91},[37,2174,95],{"class":51},[37,2176,2177],{"class":122},"3.5",[37,2179,106],{"class":51},[37,2181,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2197,2199,2202],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2183,92],{"class":91},[37,2185,95],{"class":51},[37,2187,2154],{"class":91},[37,2189,95],{"class":51},[37,2191,2159],{"class":47},[37,2193,508],{"class":122},[37,2195,2196],{"class":47},"+",[37,2198,1129],{"class":122},[37,2200,2201],{"class":811},"j",[37,2203,106],{"class":51},[20,2205,112],{},[28,2207,2209],{"className":30,"code":2208,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2210,2211,2216,2221],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2212,2213],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2214,2215],{"class":122},"7\n",[37,2217,2218],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2219,2220],{"class":122},"3.5\n",[37,2222,2223],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2224,2225],{"class":122},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2227,22,2228,2230],{},[15,2229,2118],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[130,2232,2234],{"id":2233},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2236,2237,2239],{},[15,2238,2118],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2241,2242],{},"That means:",[135,2244,2245,2248,2251],{},[138,2246,2247],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[138,2249,2250],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[138,2252,2253,2255,2256],{},[15,2254,1070],{}," stays ",[15,2257,1070],{},[20,2259,2260],{},"Examples:",[135,2262,2263,2271,2279],{},[138,2264,2265,2268,2269],{},[15,2266,2267],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2270,446],{},[138,2272,2273,2268,2276],{},[15,2274,2275],{},"abs(9)",[15,2277,2278],{},"9",[138,2280,2281,2268,2284],{},[15,2282,2283],{},"abs(0)",[15,2285,1070],{},[20,2287,2288],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[130,2290,159],{"id":158},[20,2292,2293],{},"The syntax is:",[28,2295,2297],{"className":30,"code":2296,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"abs(x)\n",[15,2298,2299],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2300,2301,2303,2305,2307],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2302,2154],{"class":91},[37,2304,95],{"class":51},[37,2306,900],{"class":102},[37,2308,85],{"class":51},[20,2310,2311],{},"Here:",[135,2313,2314,2330,2335],{},[138,2315,2316,2318,2319,2321,2322,2325,2326,2329],{},[15,2317,900],{}," is usually an ",[15,2320,818],{},", ",[15,2323,2324],{},"float",", or ",[15,2327,2328],{},"complex"," number",[138,2331,2332,2334],{},[15,2333,2118],{}," returns a new value",[138,2336,2337],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2339,197],{},[28,2341,2343],{"className":30,"code":2342,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2344,2345,2358,2375,2379,2389],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2346,2347,2350,2352,2355],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2348,2349],{"class":43},"number ",[37,2351,48],{"class":47},[37,2353,2354],{"class":47}," -",[37,2356,2357],{"class":122},"12\n",[37,2359,2360,2363,2365,2368,2370,2373],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2361,2362],{"class":43},"result ",[37,2364,48],{"class":47},[37,2366,2367],{"class":91}," abs",[37,2369,95],{"class":51},[37,2371,2372],{"class":102},"number",[37,2374,85],{"class":51},[37,2376,2377],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2378,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,2380,2381,2383,2385,2387],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,2382,92],{"class":91},[37,2384,95],{"class":51},[37,2386,2372],{"class":102},[37,2388,85],{"class":51},[37,2390,2391,2393,2395,2398],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,2392,92],{"class":91},[37,2394,95],{"class":51},[37,2396,2397],{"class":102},"result",[37,2399,85],{"class":51},[20,2401,112],{},[28,2403,2405],{"className":30,"code":2404,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"-12\n12\n",[15,2406,2407,2413],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2408,2409,2411],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2410,2159],{"class":47},[37,2412,2357],{"class":122},[37,2414,2415],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2416,2357],{"class":122},[20,2418,2419,2420,2422,2423,2426],{},"Notice that ",[15,2421,2372],{}," is still ",[15,2424,2425],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2428,2429,2430,2437],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[285,2431,2433,2436],{"href":2432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2434,2435],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[130,2439,2441],{"id":2440},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2443,2444],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[28,2446,2448],{"className":30,"code":2447,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2449,2450,2466,2481],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2451,2452,2454,2456,2458,2460,2462,2464],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2453,92],{"class":91},[37,2455,95],{"class":51},[37,2457,2154],{"class":91},[37,2459,95],{"class":51},[37,2461,2159],{"class":47},[37,2463,214],{"class":122},[37,2465,106],{"class":51},[37,2467,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2479],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2469,92],{"class":91},[37,2471,95],{"class":51},[37,2473,2154],{"class":91},[37,2475,95],{"class":51},[37,2477,2478],{"class":122},"8",[37,2480,106],{"class":51},[37,2482,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2496],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2484,92],{"class":91},[37,2486,95],{"class":51},[37,2488,2154],{"class":91},[37,2490,95],{"class":51},[37,2492,2159],{"class":47},[37,2494,2495],{"class":122},"4.2",[37,2497,106],{"class":51},[20,2499,112],{},[28,2501,2503],{"className":30,"code":2502,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2504,2505,2510,2515],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2506,2507],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2508,2509],{"class":122},"10\n",[37,2511,2512],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2513,2514],{"class":122},"8\n",[37,2516,2517],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2518,2519],{"class":122},"4.2\n",[20,2521,2522],{},"What each line does:",[135,2524,2525,2533,2540],{},[138,2526,2527,2530,2531],{},[15,2528,2529],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2532,214],{},[138,2534,2535,2530,2538],{},[15,2536,2537],{},"abs(8)",[15,2539,2478],{},[138,2541,2542,2530,2545],{},[15,2543,2544],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2546,2495],{},[20,2548,2549,2550,292],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[285,2551,2553],{"href":2552},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[130,2555,2557],{"id":2556},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2559,2560,2562],{},[15,2561,2118],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2564,2565,2566,2568],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2567,1070],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2570,197],{},[28,2572,2574],{"className":30,"code":2573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2575,2576,2592],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2577,2578,2580,2582,2584,2587,2589],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2579,1194],{"class":43},[37,2581,48],{"class":47},[37,2583,513],{"class":122},[37,2585,2586],{"class":47}," +",[37,2588,1134],{"class":122},[37,2590,2591],{"class":811},"j\n",[37,2593,2594,2596,2598,2600,2602,2604],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2595,92],{"class":91},[37,2597,95],{"class":51},[37,2599,2154],{"class":91},[37,2601,95],{"class":51},[37,2603,1215],{"class":102},[37,2605,106],{"class":51},[20,2607,112],{},[28,2609,2611],{"className":30,"code":2610,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5.0\n",[15,2612,2613],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2614,2615],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2616,2610],{"class":122},[20,2618,2619,2620,2623],{},"Why ",[15,2621,2622],{},"5.0","?",[135,2625,2626,2631,2636],{},[138,2627,2628,2629],{},"the real part is ",[15,2630,1129],{},[138,2632,2633,2634],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2635,522],{},[138,2637,2638,2639],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2640,2622],{},[20,2642,2643],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[135,2645,2646,2653],{},[138,2647,2648,2650,2651],{},[15,2649,2118],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2652,2324],{},[138,2654,2655],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[130,2657,2659],{"id":2658},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2661,2662,2663,292],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2664,2118],{},[307,2666,2668],{"id":2667},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2670,2671],{},"A very common pattern is:",[28,2673,2675],{"className":30,"code":2674,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2676,2677],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2678,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2690],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2680,2154],{"class":91},[37,2682,95],{"class":51},[37,2684,722],{"class":102},[37,2686,2159],{"class":47},[37,2688,2689],{"class":102}," b",[37,2691,85],{"class":51},[20,2693,197],{},[28,2695,2697],{"className":30,"code":2696,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2698,2699,2708,2716,2720,2739],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2700,2701,2703,2705],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2702,722],{"class":43},[37,2704,48],{"class":47},[37,2706,2707],{"class":122}," 3\n",[37,2709,2710,2712,2714],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2711,735],{"class":43},[37,2713,48],{"class":47},[37,2715,1345],{"class":122},[37,2717,2718],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2719,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,2721,2722,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2735,2737],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,2723,2724],{"class":43},"distance ",[37,2726,48],{"class":47},[37,2728,2367],{"class":91},[37,2730,95],{"class":51},[37,2732,722],{"class":102},[37,2734,2159],{"class":47},[37,2736,2689],{"class":102},[37,2738,85],{"class":51},[37,2740,2741,2743,2745,2748],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,2742,92],{"class":91},[37,2744,95],{"class":51},[37,2746,2747],{"class":102},"distance",[37,2749,85],{"class":51},[20,2751,112],{},[28,2753,2754],{"className":30,"code":2215,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,2755,2756],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2757,2758],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2759,2215],{"class":122},[20,2761,2762],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[307,2764,2766],{"id":2765},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[28,2768,2770],{"className":30,"code":2769,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2771,2772,2784],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2773,2774,2777,2779,2781],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2775,2776],{"class":43},"temperature_change ",[37,2778,48],{"class":47},[37,2780,2354],{"class":47},[37,2782,2783],{"class":122},"6\n",[37,2785,2786,2788,2790,2792,2794,2797],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2787,92],{"class":91},[37,2789,95],{"class":51},[37,2791,2154],{"class":91},[37,2793,95],{"class":51},[37,2795,2796],{"class":102},"temperature_change",[37,2798,106],{"class":51},[20,2800,112],{},[28,2802,2803],{"className":30,"code":2783,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,2804,2805],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2806,2807],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2808,2783],{"class":122},[20,2810,2811],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[307,2813,2815],{"id":2814},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2817,2818,2819,2437],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2820,2118],{},[28,2822,2824],{"className":30,"code":2823,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2825,2826,2838,2854,2858],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2827,2828,2831,2833,2835],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2829,2830],{"class":43},"balance_change ",[37,2832,48],{"class":47},[37,2834,2354],{"class":47},[37,2836,2837],{"class":122},"25\n",[37,2839,2840,2843,2845,2847,2849,2852],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2841,2842],{"class":43},"safe_value ",[37,2844,48],{"class":47},[37,2846,2367],{"class":91},[37,2848,95],{"class":51},[37,2850,2851],{"class":102},"balance_change",[37,2853,85],{"class":51},[37,2855,2856],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2857,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,2859,2860,2862,2864,2867],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,2861,92],{"class":91},[37,2863,95],{"class":51},[37,2865,2866],{"class":102},"safe_value",[37,2868,85],{"class":51},[20,2870,112],{},[28,2872,2873],{"className":30,"code":2837,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,2874,2875],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2876,2877],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2878,2837],{"class":122},[307,2880,2882],{"id":2881},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[28,2884,2886],{"className":30,"code":2885,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2887,2888,2898,2908,2912,2932],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2889,2890,2893,2895],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2891,2892],{"class":43},"guess ",[37,2894,48],{"class":47},[37,2896,2897],{"class":122}," 42\n",[37,2899,2900,2903,2905],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,2901,2902],{"class":43},"target ",[37,2904,48],{"class":47},[37,2906,2907],{"class":122}," 50\n",[37,2909,2910],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,2911,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,2913,2914,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2930],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,2915,2916],{"class":43},"difference ",[37,2918,48],{"class":47},[37,2920,2367],{"class":91},[37,2922,95],{"class":51},[37,2924,2892],{"class":102},[37,2926,2159],{"class":47},[37,2928,2929],{"class":102}," target",[37,2931,85],{"class":51},[37,2933,2934,2936,2938,2941],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,2935,92],{"class":91},[37,2937,95],{"class":51},[37,2939,2940],{"class":102},"difference",[37,2942,85],{"class":51},[20,2944,112],{},[28,2946,2947],{"className":30,"code":2514,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,2948,2949],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2950,2951],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2952,2514],{"class":122},[20,2954,2955],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[130,2957,1854],{"id":1853},[307,2959,2961],{"id":2960},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2963,2964],{},"This causes an error:",[28,2966,2968],{"className":30,"code":2967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2969,2970],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,2971,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980,2982,2984,2986],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,2973,92],{"class":91},[37,2975,95],{"class":51},[37,2977,2154],{"class":91},[37,2979,95],{"class":51},[37,2981,56],{"class":55},[37,2983,446],{"class":59},[37,2985,56],{"class":55},[37,2987,106],{"class":51},[20,2989,2990,2993,2994,2996],{},[15,2991,2992],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2995,2118],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2998,2999,3000,3006,3007,3013],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[285,3001,3003],{"href":3002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3004,3005],{},"int()"," or ",[285,3008,3010],{"href":3009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3011,3012],{},"float()",":",[28,3015,3017],{"className":30,"code":3016,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3018,3019,3042],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3020,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3022,92],{"class":91},[37,3024,95],{"class":51},[37,3026,2154],{"class":91},[37,3028,95],{"class":51},[37,3030,818],{"class":756},[37,3032,95],{"class":51},[37,3034,56],{"class":55},[37,3036,446],{"class":59},[37,3038,56],{"class":55},[37,3040,3041],{"class":51},")))\n",[37,3043,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3061,3063],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3045,92],{"class":91},[37,3047,95],{"class":51},[37,3049,2154],{"class":91},[37,3051,95],{"class":51},[37,3053,2324],{"class":756},[37,3055,95],{"class":51},[37,3057,56],{"class":55},[37,3059,3060],{"class":59},"-3.2",[37,3062,56],{"class":55},[37,3064,3041],{"class":51},[20,3066,112],{},[28,3068,3070],{"className":30,"code":3069,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3071,3072,3077],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3073,3074],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3075,3076],{"class":122},"5\n",[37,3078,3079],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3080,3081],{"class":122},"3.2\n",[20,3083,3084,3085,3088,3089,292],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3086,3087],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[285,3090,3092],{"href":3091},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[307,3094,3096],{"id":3095},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3098,3099],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[28,3101,3103],{"className":30,"code":3102,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3104,3105],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3106,3107,3109,3111,3113,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124,3126],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3108,92],{"class":91},[37,3110,95],{"class":51},[37,3112,2154],{"class":91},[37,3114,3115],{"class":51},"([",[37,3117,501],{"class":122},[37,3119,65],{"class":51},[37,3121,890],{"class":122},[37,3123,65],{"class":51},[37,3125,513],{"class":122},[37,3127,1073],{"class":51},[20,3129,3130,3131,3134],{},"This raises a ",[15,3132,3133],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[307,3136,3138],{"id":3137},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3140,3141,3143],{},[15,3142,2118],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[28,3145,3147],{"className":30,"code":3146,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3148,3149,3161,3171,3175],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3150,3151,3154,3156,3158],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3152,3153],{"class":43},"x ",[37,3155,48],{"class":47},[37,3157,2354],{"class":47},[37,3159,3160],{"class":122},"9\n",[37,3162,3163,3165,3167,3169],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3164,2154],{"class":91},[37,3166,95],{"class":51},[37,3168,900],{"class":102},[37,3170,85],{"class":51},[37,3172,3173],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3174,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,3176,3177,3179,3181,3183],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,3178,92],{"class":91},[37,3180,95],{"class":51},[37,3182,900],{"class":102},[37,3184,85],{"class":51},[20,3186,112],{},[28,3188,3190],{"className":30,"code":3189,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"-9\n",[15,3191,3192],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3193,3194,3196],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3195,2159],{"class":47},[37,3197,3160],{"class":122},[20,3199,3200],{},"If you want to store the result:",[28,3202,3204],{"className":30,"code":3203,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3205,3206,3216,3230,3234],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3207,3208,3210,3212,3214],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3209,3153],{"class":43},[37,3211,48],{"class":47},[37,3213,2354],{"class":47},[37,3215,3160],{"class":122},[37,3217,3218,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3219,3153],{"class":43},[37,3221,48],{"class":47},[37,3223,2367],{"class":91},[37,3225,95],{"class":51},[37,3227,900],{"class":102},[37,3229,85],{"class":51},[37,3231,3232],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3233,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,3235,3236,3238,3240,3242],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,3237,92],{"class":91},[37,3239,95],{"class":51},[37,3241,900],{"class":102},[37,3243,85],{"class":51},[20,3245,112],{},[28,3247,3248],{"className":30,"code":3160,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,3249,3250],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3251,3252],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3253,3160],{"class":122},[307,3255,3257],{"id":3256},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3259,3260,3262],{},[15,3261,2118],{}," does not round numbers.",[28,3264,3266],{"className":30,"code":3265,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3267,3268],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3269,3270,3272,3274,3276,3278,3280,3283],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3271,92],{"class":91},[37,3273,95],{"class":51},[37,3275,2154],{"class":91},[37,3277,95],{"class":51},[37,3279,2159],{"class":47},[37,3281,3282],{"class":122},"4.7",[37,3284,106],{"class":51},[20,3286,112],{},[28,3288,3290],{"className":30,"code":3289,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"4.7\n",[15,3291,3292],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3293,3294],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3295,3289],{"class":122},[20,3297,3298,3299,3301,3302,3304],{},"If you expected ",[15,3300,446],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3303,2118],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[130,3306,3308],{"id":3307},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3310,3311,3313],{},[15,3312,2118],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[135,3315,3316,3323,3330],{},[138,3317,3318,3320,3321],{},[15,3319,818],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3322,818],{},[138,3324,3325,3327,3328],{},[15,3326,2324],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3329,2324],{},[138,3331,3332,3327,3334],{},[15,3333,2328],{},[15,3335,2324],{},[20,3337,197],{},[28,3339,3341],{"className":30,"code":3340,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3342,3343,3363,3384],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3344,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353,3355,3357,3359,3361],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3346,92],{"class":91},[37,3348,95],{"class":51},[37,3350,757],{"class":756},[37,3352,95],{"class":51},[37,3354,2154],{"class":91},[37,3356,95],{"class":51},[37,3358,2159],{"class":47},[37,3360,446],{"class":122},[37,3362,3041],{"class":51},[37,3364,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3377,3379,3382],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3366,92],{"class":91},[37,3368,95],{"class":51},[37,3370,757],{"class":756},[37,3372,95],{"class":51},[37,3374,2154],{"class":91},[37,3376,95],{"class":51},[37,3378,2159],{"class":47},[37,3380,3381],{"class":122},"3.2",[37,3383,3041],{"class":51},[37,3385,3386,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404,3406],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3387,92],{"class":91},[37,3389,95],{"class":51},[37,3391,757],{"class":756},[37,3393,95],{"class":51},[37,3395,2154],{"class":91},[37,3397,95],{"class":51},[37,3399,1129],{"class":122},[37,3401,2586],{"class":47},[37,3403,1134],{"class":122},[37,3405,2201],{"class":811},[37,3407,3041],{"class":51},[20,3409,112],{},[28,3411,3413],{"className":30,"code":3412,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3414,3415,3429,3443],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3416,3417,3419,3421,3423,3425,3427],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3418,808],{"class":47},[37,3420,812],{"class":811},[37,3422,815],{"class":55},[37,3424,818],{"class":59},[37,3426,821],{"class":55},[37,3428,824],{"class":47},[37,3430,3431,3433,3435,3437,3439,3441],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3432,808],{"class":47},[37,3434,812],{"class":811},[37,3436,815],{"class":55},[37,3438,2324],{"class":59},[37,3440,821],{"class":55},[37,3442,824],{"class":47},[37,3444,3445,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3446,808],{"class":47},[37,3448,812],{"class":811},[37,3450,815],{"class":55},[37,3452,2324],{"class":59},[37,3454,821],{"class":55},[37,3456,824],{"class":47},[20,3458,3459],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3461,3462],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3464,3465],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[28,3467,3469],{"className":30,"code":3468,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3470,3471,3485,3495,3509,3513,3527],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3472,3473,3475,3477,3479,3482],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3474,1194],{"class":43},[37,3476,48],{"class":47},[37,3478,68],{"class":55},[37,3480,3481],{"class":59},"-5",[37,3483,3484],{"class":55},"\"\n",[37,3486,3487,3489,3491,3493],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3488,92],{"class":91},[37,3490,95],{"class":51},[37,3492,1215],{"class":102},[37,3494,85],{"class":51},[37,3496,3497,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3498,92],{"class":91},[37,3500,95],{"class":51},[37,3502,757],{"class":756},[37,3504,95],{"class":51},[37,3506,1215],{"class":102},[37,3508,106],{"class":51},[37,3510,3511],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,3512,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,3514,3515,3518,3520,3522,3525],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,3516,3517],{"class":43},"user_input ",[37,3519,48],{"class":47},[37,3521,68],{"class":55},[37,3523,3524],{"class":59},"-3.7",[37,3526,3484],{"class":55},[37,3528,3529,3531,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541,3544],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,3530,92],{"class":91},[37,3532,95],{"class":51},[37,3534,2154],{"class":91},[37,3536,95],{"class":51},[37,3538,2324],{"class":756},[37,3540,95],{"class":51},[37,3542,3543],{"class":102},"user_input",[37,3545,3041],{"class":51},[20,3547,112],{},[28,3549,3551],{"className":30,"code":3550,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3552,3553,3559,3574],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3554,3555,3557],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3556,2159],{"class":47},[37,3558,3076],{"class":122},[37,3560,3561,3563,3565,3567,3570,3572],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3562,808],{"class":47},[37,3564,812],{"class":811},[37,3566,815],{"class":55},[37,3568,3569],{"class":59},"str",[37,3571,821],{"class":55},[37,3573,824],{"class":47},[37,3575,3576],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3577,3578],{"class":122},"3.7\n",[130,3580,1969],{"id":1968},[307,3582,3584],{"id":3583},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3586,3587],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[307,3589,3591],{"id":3590},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3593,3594],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[307,3596,3598],{"id":3597},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3600,3601],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[307,3603,3605],{"id":3604},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3607,3608,3610,3611,3006,3613,3615,3616,292],{},[15,3609,3087],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3612,3005],{},[15,3614,3012],{}," before using ",[15,3617,2118],{},[307,3619,3621],{"id":3620},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3623,3624],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[130,3626,2025],{"id":2024},[135,3628,3629,3635,3641,3647,3652],{},[138,3630,3631],{},[285,3632,3633,291],{"href":3002},[15,3634,3005],{},[138,3636,3637],{},[285,3638,3639,291],{"href":3009},[15,3640,3012],{},[138,3642,3643],{},[285,3644,3645,291],{"href":2432},[15,3646,2435],{},[138,3648,3649],{},[285,3650,3651],{"href":3091},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[138,3653,3654],{},[285,3655,2553],{"href":2552},[2052,3657,3658],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":3660},[3661,3662,3663,3664,3665,3666,3672,3678,3679,3686],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":2233,"depth":88,"text":2234},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":2440,"depth":88,"text":2441},{"id":2556,"depth":88,"text":2557},{"id":2658,"depth":88,"text":2659,"children":3667},[3668,3669,3670,3671],{"id":2667,"depth":251,"text":2668},{"id":2765,"depth":251,"text":2766},{"id":2814,"depth":251,"text":2815},{"id":2881,"depth":251,"text":2882},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":3673},[3674,3675,3676,3677],{"id":2960,"depth":251,"text":2961},{"id":3095,"depth":251,"text":3096},{"id":3137,"depth":251,"text":3138},{"id":3256,"depth":251,"text":3257},{"id":3307,"depth":88,"text":3308},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":3680},[3681,3682,3683,3684,3685],{"id":3583,"depth":251,"text":3584},{"id":3590,"depth":251,"text":3591},{"id":3597,"depth":251,"text":3598},{"id":3604,"depth":251,"text":3605},{"id":3620,"depth":251,"text":3621},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2108,"description":3687},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3694,"title":3695,"body":3696,"description":5392,"extension":2099,"meta":5393,"navigation":254,"path":5394,"seo":5395,"stem":5396,"__hash__":5397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3697,"toc":5356},[3698,3705,3711,3714,3731,3735,3790,3800,3806,3810,3829,3832,3849,3852,3856,3864,3881,3884,3924,3927,3934,3940,4013,4015,4046,4052,4056,4060,4099,4101,4110,4117,4121,4160,4162,4171,4181,4185,4237,4239,4247,4250,4253,4300,4302,4310,4316,4322,4327,4330,4333,4400,4402,4410,4413,4480,4482,4490,4504,4507,4518,4522,4528,4531,4533,4549,4551,4559,4562,4565,4568,4585,4588,4591,4621,4623,4636,4639,4643,4646,4661,4666,4669,4696,4703,4706,4745,4751,4757,4765,4768,4820,4827,4891,4896,4905,4908,4926,4932,4935,5077,5083,5088,5091,5102,5105,5161,5163,5171,5174,5233,5235,5243,5246,5257,5259,5266,5275,5284,5287,5294,5297,5306,5319,5321,5353],[10,3699,288,3701,3704],{"id":3700},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3702,3703],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3706,3707,3708,3710],{},"Python’s ",[15,3709,3703],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3712,3713],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[135,3715,3716,3719,3722],{},[138,3717,3718],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[138,3720,3721],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[138,3723,3724,2530,3727,3730],{},[15,3725,3726],{},"all([])",[15,3728,3729],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[130,3732,3734],{"id":3733},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[28,3736,3738],{"className":30,"code":3737,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3739,3740,3761,3776],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3741,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754,3756,3758],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3743,207],{"class":43},[37,3745,48],{"class":47},[37,3747,519],{"class":51},[37,3749,501],{"class":122},[37,3751,65],{"class":51},[37,3753,890],{"class":122},[37,3755,65],{"class":51},[37,3757,513],{"class":122},[37,3759,3760],{"class":51},"]\n",[37,3762,3763,3765,3767,3770,3772,3774],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3764,2362],{"class":43},[37,3766,48],{"class":47},[37,3768,3769],{"class":91}," all",[37,3771,95],{"class":51},[37,3773,246],{"class":102},[37,3775,85],{"class":51},[37,3777,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3779,92],{"class":91},[37,3781,95],{"class":51},[37,3783,2397],{"class":102},[37,3785,18],{"class":51},[37,3787,3789],{"class":3788},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3791,3792,2530,3794,3796,3797,292],{},[15,3793,3703],{},[15,3795,3729],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3798,3799],{},"False",[130,3801,296,3803,3805],{"id":3802},"what-all-does",[15,3804,3703],{}," does",[20,3807,3808,3013],{},[15,3809,3703],{},[135,3811,3812,3815,3821,3826],{},[138,3813,3814],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[138,3816,3817,3818,3820],{},"returns ",[15,3819,3729],{}," if all items are truthy",[138,3822,3817,3823,3825],{},[15,3824,3799],{}," if any item is falsy",[138,3827,3828],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3830,3831],{},"Basic syntax:",[28,3833,3835],{"className":30,"code":3834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3836,3837],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3838,3839,3842,3844,3847],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3840,3841],{"class":91},"all",[37,3843,95],{"class":51},[37,3845,3846],{"class":102},"iterable",[37,3848,85],{"class":51},[20,3850,3851],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[130,3853,3855],{"id":3854},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3857,3858,3859,3006,3861,3863],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3860,3729],{},[15,3862,3799],{}," in conditions.",[135,3865,3866,3874],{},[138,3867,3868,3871,3872],{},[110,3869,3870],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3873,3729],{},[138,3875,3876,3871,3879],{},[110,3877,3878],{},"Falsy",[15,3880,3799],{},[20,3882,3883],{},"Common falsy values include:",[135,3885,3886,3890,3895,3900,3905,3909,3914,3919],{},[138,3887,3888],{},[15,3889,1070],{},[138,3891,3892],{},[15,3893,3894],{},"0.0",[138,3896,3897],{},[15,3898,3899],{},"''",[138,3901,3902],{},[15,3903,3904],{},"None",[138,3906,3907],{},[15,3908,3799],{},[138,3910,3911],{},[15,3912,3913],{},"[]",[138,3915,3916],{},[15,3917,3918],{},"{}",[138,3920,3921],{},[15,3922,3923],{},"set()",[20,3925,3926],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3928,3929,3930,292],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[285,3931,3933],{"href":3932},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3935,3936,3937,3013],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3938,3939],{},"bool()",[28,3941,3943],{"className":30,"code":3942,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3944,3945,3981,3985],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,3946,3947,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3964,3966,3968,3971,3973,3975,3979],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,3948,1111],{"class":43},[37,3950,48],{"class":47},[37,3952,519],{"class":51},[37,3954,501],{"class":122},[37,3956,65],{"class":51},[37,3958,1498],{"class":122},[37,3960,65],{"class":51},[37,3962,3963],{"class":55}," ''",[37,3965,65],{"class":51},[37,3967,815],{"class":55},[37,3969,3970],{"class":59},"hello",[37,3972,821],{"class":55},[37,3974,65],{"class":51},[37,3976,3978],{"class":3977},"s39Yj"," None",[37,3980,3760],{"class":51},[37,3982,3983],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,3984,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,3986,3987,3989,3991,3994,3996,3998,4000,4003,4006,4008,4011],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,3988,92],{"class":91},[37,3990,3115],{"class":51},[37,3992,3993],{"class":756},"bool",[37,3995,95],{"class":51},[37,3997,900],{"class":102},[37,3999,18],{"class":51},[37,4001,4002],{"class":1483}," for",[37,4004,4005],{"class":102}," x ",[37,4007,1773],{"class":1483},[37,4009,4010],{"class":102}," values",[37,4012,530],{"class":51},[20,4014,112],{},[28,4016,4018],{"className":30,"code":4017,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4019,4020],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4021,4022,4024,4026,4028,4031,4033,4035,4037,4040,4042,4044],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4023,1067],{"class":51},[37,4025,3729],{"class":3977},[37,4027,65],{"class":51},[37,4029,4030],{"class":3977}," False",[37,4032,65],{"class":51},[37,4034,4030],{"class":3977},[37,4036,65],{"class":51},[37,4038,4039],{"class":3977}," True",[37,4041,65],{"class":51},[37,4043,4030],{"class":3977},[37,4045,3760],{"class":51},[20,4047,4048,4049,4051],{},"This matters because ",[15,4050,3703],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[130,4053,4055],{"id":4054},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[307,4057,4059],{"id":4058},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[28,4061,4063],{"className":30,"code":4062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4064,4065,4085],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4066,4067,4069,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4068,207],{"class":43},[37,4070,48],{"class":47},[37,4072,519],{"class":51},[37,4074,501],{"class":122},[37,4076,65],{"class":51},[37,4078,890],{"class":122},[37,4080,65],{"class":51},[37,4082,513],{"class":122},[37,4084,3760],{"class":51},[37,4086,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095,4097],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4088,92],{"class":91},[37,4090,95],{"class":51},[37,4092,3841],{"class":91},[37,4094,95],{"class":51},[37,4096,246],{"class":102},[37,4098,106],{"class":51},[20,4100,112],{},[28,4102,4104],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\n",[15,4105,4106],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4107,4108],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4109,4103],{"class":3977},[20,4111,4112,4113,2530,4115,292],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4114,3703],{},[15,4116,3729],{},[307,4118,4120],{"id":4119},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[28,4122,4124],{"className":30,"code":4123,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4125,4126,4146],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4127,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4129,207],{"class":43},[37,4131,48],{"class":47},[37,4133,519],{"class":51},[37,4135,501],{"class":122},[37,4137,65],{"class":51},[37,4139,1498],{"class":122},[37,4141,65],{"class":51},[37,4143,513],{"class":122},[37,4145,3760],{"class":51},[37,4147,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4149,92],{"class":91},[37,4151,95],{"class":51},[37,4153,3841],{"class":91},[37,4155,95],{"class":51},[37,4157,246],{"class":102},[37,4159,106],{"class":51},[20,4161,112],{},[28,4163,4165],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"False\n",[15,4166,4167],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4168,4169],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4170,4164],{"class":3977},[20,4172,4173,4174,4176,4177,2530,4179,292],{},"The value ",[15,4175,1070],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4178,3703],{},[15,4180,3799],{},[307,4182,4184],{"id":4183},"example-strings","Example: strings",[28,4186,4188],{"className":30,"code":4187,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4189,4190,4223],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4191,4192,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4219,4221],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4193,965],{"class":43},[37,4195,48],{"class":47},[37,4197,519],{"class":51},[37,4199,821],{"class":55},[37,4201,329],{"class":59},[37,4203,821],{"class":55},[37,4205,65],{"class":51},[37,4207,815],{"class":55},[37,4209,338],{"class":59},[37,4211,821],{"class":55},[37,4213,65],{"class":51},[37,4215,815],{"class":55},[37,4217,4218],{"class":59},"cherry",[37,4220,821],{"class":55},[37,4222,3760],{"class":51},[37,4224,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233,4235],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4226,92],{"class":91},[37,4228,95],{"class":51},[37,4230,3841],{"class":91},[37,4232,95],{"class":51},[37,4234,999],{"class":102},[37,4236,106],{"class":51},[20,4238,112],{},[28,4240,4241],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,4242,4243],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4244,4245],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4246,4103],{"class":3977},[20,4248,4249],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4251,4252],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[28,4254,4256],{"className":30,"code":4255,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4257,4258,4286],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4259,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4261,965],{"class":43},[37,4263,48],{"class":47},[37,4265,519],{"class":51},[37,4267,821],{"class":55},[37,4269,329],{"class":59},[37,4271,821],{"class":55},[37,4273,65],{"class":51},[37,4275,3963],{"class":55},[37,4277,65],{"class":51},[37,4279,815],{"class":55},[37,4281,4218],{"class":59},[37,4283,821],{"class":55},[37,4285,3760],{"class":51},[37,4287,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4289,92],{"class":91},[37,4291,95],{"class":51},[37,4293,3841],{"class":91},[37,4295,95],{"class":51},[37,4297,999],{"class":102},[37,4299,106],{"class":51},[20,4301,112],{},[28,4303,4304],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,4305,4306],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4307,4308],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4309,4164],{"class":3977},[20,4311,4312,4313,4315],{},"The empty string ",[15,4314,3899],{}," is falsy.",[130,4317,140,4319,4321],{"id":4318},"how-all-works-with-conditions",[15,4320,3703],{}," works with conditions",[20,4323,4324,4326],{},[15,4325,3703],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4328,4329],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4331,4332],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[28,4334,4336],{"className":30,"code":4335,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4337,4338,4358,4386,4390],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4339,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4341,207],{"class":43},[37,4343,48],{"class":47},[37,4345,519],{"class":51},[37,4347,501],{"class":122},[37,4349,65],{"class":51},[37,4351,890],{"class":122},[37,4353,65],{"class":51},[37,4355,513],{"class":122},[37,4357,3760],{"class":51},[37,4359,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368,4370,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381,4384],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4361,2362],{"class":43},[37,4363,48],{"class":47},[37,4365,3769],{"class":91},[37,4367,95],{"class":51},[37,4369,3153],{"class":102},[37,4371,4372],{"class":47},">",[37,4374,1498],{"class":122},[37,4376,4002],{"class":1483},[37,4378,4005],{"class":102},[37,4380,1773],{"class":1483},[37,4382,4383],{"class":102}," numbers",[37,4385,85],{"class":51},[37,4387,4388],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,4389,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,4391,4392,4394,4396,4398],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,4393,92],{"class":91},[37,4395,95],{"class":51},[37,4397,2397],{"class":102},[37,4399,85],{"class":51},[20,4401,112],{},[28,4403,4404],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,4405,4406],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4407,4408],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4409,4103],{"class":3977},[20,4411,4412],{},"Here is one that fails:",[28,4414,4416],{"className":30,"code":4415,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4417,4418,4440,4466,4470],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4419,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436,4438],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4421,207],{"class":43},[37,4423,48],{"class":47},[37,4425,519],{"class":51},[37,4427,501],{"class":122},[37,4429,65],{"class":51},[37,4431,2354],{"class":47},[37,4433,508],{"class":122},[37,4435,65],{"class":51},[37,4437,513],{"class":122},[37,4439,3760],{"class":51},[37,4441,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4443,2362],{"class":43},[37,4445,48],{"class":47},[37,4447,3769],{"class":91},[37,4449,95],{"class":51},[37,4451,3153],{"class":102},[37,4453,4372],{"class":47},[37,4455,1498],{"class":122},[37,4457,4002],{"class":1483},[37,4459,4005],{"class":102},[37,4461,1773],{"class":1483},[37,4463,4383],{"class":102},[37,4465,85],{"class":51},[37,4467,4468],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,4469,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,4471,4472,4474,4476,4478],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,4473,92],{"class":91},[37,4475,95],{"class":51},[37,4477,2397],{"class":102},[37,4479,85],{"class":51},[20,4481,112],{},[28,4483,4484],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,4485,4486],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4487,4488],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4489,4164],{"class":3977},[20,4491,4492,4493,4496,4497,4499,4500,2530,4502,292],{},"The expression ",[15,4494,4495],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4498,3729],{},", then ",[15,4501,3703],{},[15,4503,3729],{},[20,4505,4506],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4508,4509,4510,851,4514,292],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[285,4511,4513],{"href":4512},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[285,4515,4517],{"href":4516},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[130,4519,4521],{"id":4520},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4523,4524,2530,4526,292],{},[15,4525,3726],{},[15,4527,3729],{},[20,4529,4530],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4532,197],{},[28,4534,4536],{"className":30,"code":4535,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4537,4538],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4539,4540,4542,4544,4546],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4541,92],{"class":91},[37,4543,95],{"class":51},[37,4545,3841],{"class":91},[37,4547,4548],{"class":51},"([]))\n",[20,4550,112],{},[28,4552,4553],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,4554,4555],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4556,4557],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4558,4103],{"class":3977},[20,4560,4561],{},"Why?",[20,4563,4564],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4566,4567],{},"Think of it this way:",[135,4569,4570,4577,4580],{},[138,4571,4572,2530,4574,4576],{},[15,4573,3703],{},[15,4575,3799],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[138,4578,4579],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[138,4581,4582,4583],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4584,3799],{},[20,4586,4587],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4589,4590],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[28,4592,4594],{"className":30,"code":4593,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4595,4596,4607],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4597,4598,4600,4602,4604],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4599,92],{"class":91},[37,4601,95],{"class":51},[37,4603,3841],{"class":91},[37,4605,4606],{"class":51},"(()))\n",[37,4608,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4610,92],{"class":91},[37,4612,95],{"class":51},[37,4614,3841],{"class":91},[37,4616,95],{"class":51},[37,4618,3899],{"class":55},[37,4620,106],{"class":51},[20,4622,112],{},[28,4624,4626],{"className":30,"code":4625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4627,4628,4632],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4629,4630],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4631,4103],{"class":3977},[37,4633,4634],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4635,4103],{"class":3977},[130,4637,155],{"id":4638},"common-beginner-mistakes",[307,4640,4642],{"id":4641},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4644,4645],{},"This is wrong:",[28,4647,4649],{"className":30,"code":4648,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4650,4651,4656],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4652,4653],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4654,4655],{"class":3788},"# Wrong\n",[37,4657,4658],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4659,4660],{"class":3788},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4662,4663,4665],{},[15,4664,3703],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4667,4668],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[28,4670,4672],{"className":30,"code":4671,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4673,4674],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4675,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4677,92],{"class":91},[37,4679,95],{"class":51},[37,4681,3841],{"class":91},[37,4683,3115],{"class":51},[37,4685,501],{"class":122},[37,4687,65],{"class":51},[37,4689,890],{"class":122},[37,4691,65],{"class":51},[37,4693,513],{"class":122},[37,4695,1073],{"class":51},[307,4697,4699,4700,4702],{"id":4698},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4701,3703],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4704,4705],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[28,4707,4709],{"className":30,"code":4708,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4710,4711,4731],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4712,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4714,207],{"class":43},[37,4716,48],{"class":47},[37,4718,519],{"class":51},[37,4720,446],{"class":122},[37,4722,65],{"class":51},[37,4724,527],{"class":122},[37,4726,65],{"class":51},[37,4728,527],{"class":122},[37,4730,3760],{"class":51},[37,4732,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4734,92],{"class":91},[37,4736,95],{"class":51},[37,4738,3841],{"class":91},[37,4740,95],{"class":51},[37,4742,246],{"class":102},[37,4744,106],{"class":51},[20,4746,4747,4748,4750],{},"This does ",[110,4749,711],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4752,4753,4754,4756],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4755,446],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[28,4758,4759],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,4760,4761],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4762,4763],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4764,4103],{"class":3977},[20,4766,4767],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[28,4769,4771],{"className":30,"code":4770,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4772,4773,4793],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4774,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4776,207],{"class":43},[37,4778,48],{"class":47},[37,4780,519],{"class":51},[37,4782,446],{"class":122},[37,4784,65],{"class":51},[37,4786,527],{"class":122},[37,4788,65],{"class":51},[37,4790,527],{"class":122},[37,4792,3760],{"class":51},[37,4794,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4796,92],{"class":91},[37,4798,95],{"class":51},[37,4800,3841],{"class":91},[37,4802,95],{"class":51},[37,4804,3153],{"class":102},[37,4806,4807],{"class":47},"==",[37,4809,527],{"class":122},[37,4811,4002],{"class":1483},[37,4813,4005],{"class":102},[37,4815,1773],{"class":1483},[37,4817,4383],{"class":102},[37,4819,106],{"class":51},[307,4821,4823,4824,4826],{"id":4822},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4825,1070],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[28,4828,4830],{"className":30,"code":4829,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4831,4832,4858],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4833,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4855],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4835,92],{"class":91},[37,4837,95],{"class":51},[37,4839,3841],{"class":91},[37,4841,3115],{"class":51},[37,4843,501],{"class":122},[37,4845,65],{"class":51},[37,4847,890],{"class":122},[37,4849,65],{"class":51},[37,4851,1498],{"class":122},[37,4853,4854],{"class":51},"]))",[37,4856,4857],{"class":3788},"       # False\n",[37,4859,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4861,92],{"class":91},[37,4863,95],{"class":51},[37,4865,3841],{"class":91},[37,4867,3115],{"class":51},[37,4869,821],{"class":55},[37,4871,285],{"class":59},[37,4873,821],{"class":55},[37,4875,65],{"class":51},[37,4877,815],{"class":55},[37,4879,777],{"class":59},[37,4881,821],{"class":55},[37,4883,65],{"class":51},[37,4885,3963],{"class":55},[37,4887,4854],{"class":51},[37,4889,4890],{"class":3788},"  # False\n",[20,4892,4893,4894,292],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4895,3799],{},[307,4897,4899,4900,4902,4903],{"id":4898},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4901,3726],{}," is ",[15,4904,3729],{},[20,4906,4907],{},"This is expected behavior:",[28,4909,4911],{"className":30,"code":4910,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4912,4913],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4914,4915,4917,4919,4921,4924],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4916,92],{"class":91},[37,4918,95],{"class":51},[37,4920,3841],{"class":91},[37,4922,4923],{"class":51},"([]))",[37,4925,3789],{"class":3788},[20,4927,4928,4929,4931],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4930,3729],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4933,4934],{},"Useful quick tests:",[28,4936,4938],{"className":30,"code":4937,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4939,4940,4962,4984,5031,5067],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,4943,92],{"class":91},[37,4945,95],{"class":51},[37,4947,3841],{"class":91},[37,4949,3115],{"class":51},[37,4951,501],{"class":122},[37,4953,65],{"class":51},[37,4955,890],{"class":122},[37,4957,65],{"class":51},[37,4959,513],{"class":122},[37,4961,1073],{"class":51},[37,4963,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,4965,92],{"class":91},[37,4967,95],{"class":51},[37,4969,3841],{"class":91},[37,4971,3115],{"class":51},[37,4973,501],{"class":122},[37,4975,65],{"class":51},[37,4977,1498],{"class":122},[37,4979,65],{"class":51},[37,4981,513],{"class":122},[37,4983,1073],{"class":51},[37,4985,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,4987,92],{"class":91},[37,4989,3115],{"class":51},[37,4991,3993],{"class":756},[37,4993,95],{"class":51},[37,4995,900],{"class":102},[37,4997,18],{"class":51},[37,4999,4002],{"class":1483},[37,5001,4005],{"class":102},[37,5003,1773],{"class":1483},[37,5005,519],{"class":51},[37,5007,501],{"class":122},[37,5009,65],{"class":51},[37,5011,1498],{"class":122},[37,5013,65],{"class":51},[37,5015,3963],{"class":55},[37,5017,65],{"class":51},[37,5019,815],{"class":55},[37,5021,3970],{"class":59},[37,5023,821],{"class":55},[37,5025,65],{"class":51},[37,5027,3978],{"class":3977},[37,5029,5030],{"class":51},"]])\n",[37,5032,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,5034,92],{"class":91},[37,5036,95],{"class":51},[37,5038,3841],{"class":91},[37,5040,95],{"class":51},[37,5042,3153],{"class":102},[37,5044,4372],{"class":47},[37,5046,1498],{"class":122},[37,5048,4002],{"class":1483},[37,5050,4005],{"class":102},[37,5052,1773],{"class":1483},[37,5054,519],{"class":51},[37,5056,501],{"class":122},[37,5058,65],{"class":51},[37,5060,890],{"class":122},[37,5062,65],{"class":51},[37,5064,513],{"class":122},[37,5066,1073],{"class":51},[37,5068,5069,5071,5073,5075],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,5070,92],{"class":91},[37,5072,95],{"class":51},[37,5074,3841],{"class":91},[37,5076,4548],{"class":51},[130,5078,5080,5081],{"id":5079},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5082,3703],{},[20,5084,5085,5087],{},[15,5086,3703],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5089,5090],{},"Common use cases:",[135,5092,5093,5096,5099],{},[138,5094,5095],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[138,5097,5098],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[138,5100,5101],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5103,5104],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[28,5106,5108],{"className":30,"code":5107,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5109,5110,5146],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5111,5112,5115,5117,5119,5121,5124,5126,5128,5130,5133,5135,5137,5139,5142,5144],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5113,5114],{"class":43},"names ",[37,5116,48],{"class":47},[37,5118,519],{"class":51},[37,5120,821],{"class":55},[37,5122,5123],{"class":59},"Alice",[37,5125,821],{"class":55},[37,5127,65],{"class":51},[37,5129,815],{"class":55},[37,5131,5132],{"class":59},"Bob",[37,5134,821],{"class":55},[37,5136,65],{"class":51},[37,5138,815],{"class":55},[37,5140,5141],{"class":59},"Charlie",[37,5143,821],{"class":55},[37,5145,3760],{"class":51},[37,5147,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5159],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5149,92],{"class":91},[37,5151,95],{"class":51},[37,5153,3841],{"class":91},[37,5155,95],{"class":51},[37,5157,5158],{"class":102},"names",[37,5160,106],{"class":51},[20,5162,112],{},[28,5164,5165],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,5166,5167],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5168,5169],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5170,4103],{"class":3977},[20,5172,5173],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[28,5175,5177],{"className":30,"code":5176,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5178,5179,5203],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5180,5181,5184,5186,5188,5191,5193,5196,5198,5201],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5182,5183],{"class":43},"scores ",[37,5185,48],{"class":47},[37,5187,519],{"class":51},[37,5189,5190],{"class":122},"75",[37,5192,65],{"class":51},[37,5194,5195],{"class":122}," 80",[37,5197,65],{"class":51},[37,5199,5200],{"class":122}," 50",[37,5202,3760],{"class":51},[37,5204,5205,5207,5209,5211,5213,5216,5219,5221,5223,5226,5228,5231],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5206,92],{"class":91},[37,5208,95],{"class":51},[37,5210,3841],{"class":91},[37,5212,95],{"class":51},[37,5214,5215],{"class":102},"score ",[37,5217,5218],{"class":47},">=",[37,5220,5200],{"class":122},[37,5222,4002],{"class":1483},[37,5224,5225],{"class":102}," score ",[37,5227,1773],{"class":1483},[37,5229,5230],{"class":102}," scores",[37,5232,106],{"class":51},[20,5234,112],{},[28,5236,5237],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,5238,5239],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5240,5241],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5242,4103],{"class":3977},[20,5244,5245],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5247,5248,5249,851,5253,292],{},"For related tasks, see ",[285,5250,5252],{"href":5251},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[285,5254,5256],{"href":5255},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[130,5258,1969],{"id":1968},[307,5260,5262,5263,5265],{"id":5261},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5264,3703],{}," return in Python?",[20,5267,5268,5269,5271,5272,5274],{},"It returns ",[15,5270,3729],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5273,3799],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[307,5276,5278,5279,5281,5282,2623],{"id":5277},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5280,3726],{}," return ",[15,5283,3729],{},[20,5285,5286],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[307,5288,5290,5291,5293],{"id":5289},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5292,3703],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5295,5296],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[307,5298,5300,5301,851,5303,2623],{"id":5299},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5302,3703],{},[15,5304,5305],{},"any()",[20,5307,5308,5310,5311,5313,5314,292],{},[15,5309,3703],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5312,5305],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[285,5315,288,5317,291],{"href":5316},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5318,5305],{},[130,5320,2025],{"id":2024},[135,5322,5323,5329,5333,5338,5343,5348],{},[138,5324,5325],{},[285,5326,288,5327,291],{"href":5316},[15,5328,5305],{},[138,5330,5331],{},[285,5332,3933],{"href":3932},[138,5334,5335],{},[285,5336,5337],{"href":5255},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[138,5339,5340],{},[285,5341,5342],{"href":5251},"How to filter a list in Python",[138,5344,5345],{},[285,5346,5347],{"href":4512},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[138,5349,5350],{},[285,5351,5352],{"href":4516},"What is an iterable in Python",[2052,5354,5355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":5357},[5358,5359,5361,5362,5367,5369,5370,5379,5381,5391],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":3802,"depth":88,"text":5360},"What all() does",{"id":3854,"depth":88,"text":3855},{"id":4054,"depth":88,"text":4055,"children":5363},[5364,5365,5366],{"id":4058,"depth":251,"text":4059},{"id":4119,"depth":251,"text":4120},{"id":4183,"depth":251,"text":4184},{"id":4318,"depth":88,"text":5368},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4520,"depth":88,"text":4521},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":5371},[5372,5373,5375,5377],{"id":4641,"depth":251,"text":4642},{"id":4698,"depth":251,"text":5374},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4822,"depth":251,"text":5376},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4898,"depth":251,"text":5378},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5079,"depth":88,"text":5380},"When to use all()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":5382},[5383,5385,5387,5389],{"id":5261,"depth":251,"text":5384},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5277,"depth":251,"text":5386},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5289,"depth":251,"text":5388},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5299,"depth":251,"text":5390},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3695,"description":5392},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5399,"title":5400,"body":5401,"description":7089,"extension":2099,"meta":7090,"navigation":254,"path":5316,"seo":7091,"stem":7092,"__hash__":7093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5402,"toc":7067},[5403,5406,5414,5417,5434,5442,5485,5494,5498,5503,5506,5523,5526,5537,5549,5553,5556,5571,5576,5579,5591,5594,5679,5682,5703,5709,5711,5719,5733,5735,5769,5771,5774,5835,5837,5854,5857,5884,5886,5894,5906,5910,5913,5952,5954,5962,5964,5980,5988,5991,6034,6036,6044,6049,6053,6061,6064,6090,6093,6096,6169,6171,6179,6186,6210,6221,6224,6303,6305,6313,6320,6324,6329,6344,6346,6354,6357,6363,6366,6412,6414,6431,6435,6440,6451,6454,6567,6570,6629,6635,6637,6642,6646,6648,6667,6673,6676,6695,6699,6708,6735,6737,6745,6753,6757,6763,6786,6788,6796,6803,6807,6810,6861,6864,6915,6918,6920,6924,6931,6935,6942,6946,6954,6958,6961,6983,6985,7035,7037,7064],[10,5404,5400],{"id":5405},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5407,5408,5410,5411,292],{},[15,5409,5305],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[110,5412,5413],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5415,5416],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[135,5418,5419,5422,5425,5428,5431],{},[138,5420,5421],{},"lists",[138,5423,5424],{},"tuples",[138,5426,5427],{},"sets",[138,5429,5430],{},"strings",[138,5432,5433],{},"generator expressions",[20,5435,5436,5437,3006,5439,5441],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5438,3729],{},[15,5440,3799],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[28,5443,5445],{"className":30,"code":5444,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5446,5447,5467],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5448,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5450,1111],{"class":43},[37,5452,48],{"class":47},[37,5454,519],{"class":51},[37,5456,1070],{"class":122},[37,5458,65],{"class":51},[37,5460,3963],{"class":55},[37,5462,65],{"class":51},[37,5464,527],{"class":122},[37,5466,3760],{"class":51},[37,5468,5469,5471,5473,5476,5478,5480,5483],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5470,92],{"class":91},[37,5472,95],{"class":51},[37,5474,5475],{"class":91},"any",[37,5477,95],{"class":51},[37,5479,1160],{"class":102},[37,5481,5482],{"class":51},"))",[37,5484,3789],{"class":3788},[20,5486,22,5487,5490,5491,5493],{},[15,5488,5489],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5492,3729],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[130,5495,5497],{"id":5496},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5499,5500,5502],{},[15,5501,5305],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5504,5505],{},"It returns:",[135,5507,5508,5513,5518],{},[138,5509,5510,5512],{},[15,5511,3729],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[138,5514,5515,5517],{},[15,5516,3799],{}," if all items are falsy",[138,5519,5520,5522],{},[15,5521,3799],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5524,5525],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[135,5527,5528,5531,5534],{},[138,5529,5530],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[138,5532,5533],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[138,5535,5536],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5538,5539,5540,5543,5544,292],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[110,5541,5542],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[285,5545,5547],{"href":5546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5548,3703],{},[130,5550,5552],{"id":5551},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5554,5555],{},"The syntax is simple:",[28,5557,5559],{"className":30,"code":5558,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5560,5561],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5562,5563,5565,5567,5569],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5564,5475],{"class":91},[37,5566,95],{"class":51},[37,5568,3846],{"class":102},[37,5570,85],{"class":51},[20,5572,5573,5574,292],{},"The argument must be an ",[110,5575,3846],{},[20,5577,5578],{},"Common inputs include:",[135,5580,5581,5583,5585,5587,5589],{},[138,5582,5421],{},[138,5584,5424],{},[138,5586,5427],{},[138,5588,5430],{},[138,5590,5433],{},[20,5592,5593],{},"For example:",[28,5595,5597],{"className":30,"code":5596,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5598,5599,5622,5641,5661],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5600,5601,5603,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617,5620],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5602,92],{"class":91},[37,5604,95],{"class":51},[37,5606,5475],{"class":91},[37,5608,3115],{"class":51},[37,5610,1070],{"class":122},[37,5612,65],{"class":51},[37,5614,1498],{"class":122},[37,5616,65],{"class":51},[37,5618,5619],{"class":122}," 1",[37,5621,1073],{"class":51},[37,5623,5624,5626,5628,5630,5633,5635,5637,5639],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5625,92],{"class":91},[37,5627,95],{"class":51},[37,5629,5475],{"class":91},[37,5631,5632],{"class":51},"((",[37,5634,3799],{"class":3977},[37,5636,65],{"class":51},[37,5638,4030],{"class":3977},[37,5640,3041],{"class":51},[37,5642,5643,5645,5647,5649,5652,5654,5656,5658],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,5644,92],{"class":91},[37,5646,95],{"class":51},[37,5648,5475],{"class":91},[37,5650,5651],{"class":51},"({",[37,5653,1070],{"class":122},[37,5655,65],{"class":51},[37,5657,890],{"class":122},[37,5659,5660],{"class":51},"}))\n",[37,5662,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5677],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,5664,92],{"class":91},[37,5666,95],{"class":51},[37,5668,5475],{"class":91},[37,5670,95],{"class":51},[37,5672,56],{"class":55},[37,5674,3970],{"class":59},[37,5676,56],{"class":55},[37,5678,106],{"class":51},[20,5680,5681],{},"Expected output:",[28,5683,5685],{"className":30,"code":5684,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5686,5687,5691,5695,5699],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5688,5689],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5690,4103],{"class":3977},[37,5692,5693],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5694,4164],{"class":3977},[37,5696,5697],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,5698,4103],{"class":3977},[37,5700,5701],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,5702,4103],{"class":3977},[20,5704,5705,5706,292],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[285,5707,5256],{"href":5708},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[130,5710,3855],{"id":3854},[20,5712,3858,5713,3006,5716,3863],{},[110,5714,5715],{},"truthy",[110,5717,5718],{},"falsy",[135,5720,5721,5727],{},[138,5722,5723,3871,5725],{},[110,5724,3870],{},[15,5726,3729],{},[138,5728,5729,3871,5731],{},[110,5730,3878],{},[15,5732,3799],{},[20,5734,3883],{},[135,5736,5737,5741,5745,5749,5753,5757,5761,5765],{},[138,5738,5739],{},[15,5740,3799],{},[138,5742,5743],{},[15,5744,1070],{},[138,5746,5747],{},[15,5748,3894],{},[138,5750,5751],{},[15,5752,3899],{},[138,5754,5755],{},[15,5756,3913],{},[138,5758,5759],{},[15,5760,3918],{},[138,5762,5763],{},[15,5764,3923],{},[138,5766,5767],{},[15,5768,3904],{},[20,5770,3926],{},[20,5772,5773],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[28,5775,5777],{"className":30,"code":5776,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5778,5779,5793,5811],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5780,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5782,92],{"class":91},[37,5784,95],{"class":51},[37,5786,5475],{"class":91},[37,5788,3115],{"class":51},[37,5790,501],{"class":122},[37,5792,1073],{"class":51},[37,5794,5795,5797,5799,5801,5803,5805,5807,5809],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5796,92],{"class":91},[37,5798,95],{"class":51},[37,5800,5475],{"class":91},[37,5802,3115],{"class":51},[37,5804,821],{"class":55},[37,5806,3970],{"class":59},[37,5808,821],{"class":55},[37,5810,1073],{"class":51},[37,5812,5813,5815,5817,5819,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,5814,92],{"class":91},[37,5816,95],{"class":51},[37,5818,5475],{"class":91},[37,5820,5821],{"class":51},"([[",[37,5823,501],{"class":122},[37,5825,65],{"class":51},[37,5827,890],{"class":122},[37,5829,65],{"class":51},[37,5831,513],{"class":122},[37,5833,5834],{"class":51},"]]))\n",[20,5836,5681],{},[28,5838,5840],{"className":30,"code":5839,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5841,5842,5846,5850],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5843,5844],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5845,4103],{"class":3977},[37,5847,5848],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5849,4103],{"class":3977},[37,5851,5852],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,5853,4103],{"class":3977},[20,5855,5856],{},"And these are all falsy:",[28,5858,5860],{"className":30,"code":5859,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5861,5862],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5863,5864,5866,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876,5878,5880,5882],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5865,92],{"class":91},[37,5867,95],{"class":51},[37,5869,5475],{"class":91},[37,5871,3115],{"class":51},[37,5873,1070],{"class":122},[37,5875,65],{"class":51},[37,5877,3963],{"class":55},[37,5879,65],{"class":51},[37,5881,3978],{"class":3977},[37,5883,1073],{"class":51},[20,5885,5681],{},[28,5887,5888],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,5889,5890],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5891,5892],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5893,4164],{"class":3977},[20,5895,5896,5897,851,5900,292],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[285,5898,3933],{"href":5899},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[285,5901,5903,5905],{"href":5902},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5904,3939],{}," explained",[130,5907,5909],{"id":5908},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5911,5912],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[28,5914,5916],{"className":30,"code":5915,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5917,5918,5938],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5919,5920,5922,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5921,1111],{"class":43},[37,5923,48],{"class":47},[37,5925,519],{"class":51},[37,5927,1070],{"class":122},[37,5929,65],{"class":51},[37,5931,3963],{"class":55},[37,5933,65],{"class":51},[37,5935,527],{"class":122},[37,5937,3760],{"class":51},[37,5939,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,5941,92],{"class":91},[37,5943,95],{"class":51},[37,5945,5475],{"class":91},[37,5947,95],{"class":51},[37,5949,1160],{"class":102},[37,5951,106],{"class":51},[20,5953,112],{},[28,5955,5956],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,5957,5958],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5959,5960],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5961,4103],{"class":3977},[20,5963,4561],{},[135,5965,5966,5971,5975],{},[138,5967,5968,5970],{},[15,5969,1070],{}," is falsy",[138,5972,5973,5970],{},[15,5974,3899],{},[138,5976,5977,5979],{},[15,5978,446],{}," is truthy",[20,5981,5982,5983,2530,5986,292],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5984,5985],{},"any(values)",[15,5987,3729],{},[20,5989,5990],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[28,5992,5994],{"className":30,"code":5993,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5995,5996,6020],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,5997,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,5999,1111],{"class":43},[37,6001,48],{"class":47},[37,6003,519],{"class":51},[37,6005,1070],{"class":122},[37,6007,65],{"class":51},[37,6009,3963],{"class":55},[37,6011,65],{"class":51},[37,6013,3978],{"class":3977},[37,6015,65],{"class":51},[37,6017,4030],{"class":3977},[37,6019,3760],{"class":51},[37,6021,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6032],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6023,92],{"class":91},[37,6025,95],{"class":51},[37,6027,5475],{"class":91},[37,6029,95],{"class":51},[37,6031,1160],{"class":102},[37,6033,106],{"class":51},[20,6035,112],{},[28,6037,6038],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6039,6040],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6041,6042],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6043,4164],{"class":3977},[20,6045,6046,6047,292],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6048,3799],{},[130,6050,6052],{"id":6051},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6054,6055,6057,6058,292],{},[15,6056,5305],{}," is often used with a ",[110,6059,6060],{},"generator expression",[20,6062,6063],{},"This is a common pattern:",[28,6065,6067],{"className":30,"code":6066,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6068,6069],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6070,6071,6073,6075,6078,6080,6083,6085,6088],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6072,5475],{"class":91},[37,6074,95],{"class":51},[37,6076,6077],{"class":102},"condition ",[37,6079,1767],{"class":1483},[37,6081,6082],{"class":102}," item ",[37,6084,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6086,6087],{"class":102}," items",[37,6089,85],{"class":51},[20,6091,6092],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6094,6095],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[28,6097,6099],{"className":30,"code":6098,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6100,6101,6128,6132,6159],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6102,6103,6105,6107,6109,6111,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121,6123,6126],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6104,207],{"class":43},[37,6106,48],{"class":47},[37,6108,519],{"class":51},[37,6110,522],{"class":122},[37,6112,65],{"class":51},[37,6114,1564],{"class":122},[37,6116,65],{"class":51},[37,6118,2354],{"class":47},[37,6120,508],{"class":122},[37,6122,65],{"class":51},[37,6124,6125],{"class":122}," 10",[37,6127,3760],{"class":51},[37,6129,6130],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6131,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,6133,6134,6136,6138,6141,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,6135,2362],{"class":43},[37,6137,48],{"class":47},[37,6139,6140],{"class":91}," any",[37,6142,95],{"class":51},[37,6144,3153],{"class":102},[37,6146,808],{"class":47},[37,6148,1498],{"class":122},[37,6150,4002],{"class":1483},[37,6152,4005],{"class":102},[37,6154,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6156,4383],{"class":102},[37,6158,85],{"class":51},[37,6160,6161,6163,6165,6167],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,6162,92],{"class":91},[37,6164,95],{"class":51},[37,6166,2397],{"class":102},[37,6168,85],{"class":51},[20,6170,112],{},[28,6172,6173],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6174,6175],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6176,6177],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6178,4103],{"class":3977},[20,6180,6181,6182,6185],{},"This works because ",[15,6183,6184],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[135,6187,6188,6196,6203],{},[138,6189,6190,6193,6194],{},[15,6191,6192],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6195,3799],{},[138,6197,6198,6193,6201],{},[15,6199,6200],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6202,3799],{},[138,6204,6205,6193,6208],{},[15,6206,6207],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6209,3729],{},[20,6211,6212,6213,6215,6216,6218,6219,292],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6214,3729],{}," result, ",[15,6217,5305],{}," can return ",[15,6220,3729],{},[20,6222,6223],{},"Here is another example:",[28,6225,6227],{"className":30,"code":6226,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6228,6229,6258,6262,6292],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6230,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6232,965],{"class":43},[37,6234,48],{"class":47},[37,6236,519],{"class":51},[37,6238,56],{"class":55},[37,6240,329],{"class":59},[37,6242,56],{"class":55},[37,6244,65],{"class":51},[37,6246,6247],{"class":55}," \"\"",[37,6249,65],{"class":51},[37,6251,68],{"class":55},[37,6253,338],{"class":59},[37,6255,56],{"class":55},[37,6257,3760],{"class":51},[37,6259,6260],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6261,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,6263,6264,6267,6269,6271,6273,6276,6278,6280,6282,6285,6287,6290],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,6265,6266],{"class":43},"has_empty_string ",[37,6268,48],{"class":47},[37,6270,6140],{"class":91},[37,6272,95],{"class":51},[37,6274,6275],{"class":102},"word ",[37,6277,4807],{"class":47},[37,6279,6247],{"class":55},[37,6281,4002],{"class":1483},[37,6283,6284],{"class":102}," word ",[37,6286,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6288,6289],{"class":102}," words",[37,6291,85],{"class":51},[37,6293,6294,6296,6298,6301],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,6295,92],{"class":91},[37,6297,95],{"class":51},[37,6299,6300],{"class":102},"has_empty_string",[37,6302,85],{"class":51},[20,6304,112],{},[28,6306,6307],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6308,6309],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6310,6311],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6312,4103],{"class":3977},[20,6314,6315,6316,292],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[285,6317,6319],{"href":6318},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[130,6321,6323],{"id":6322},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6325,6326,6327,3013],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6328,3799],{},[28,6330,6332],{"className":30,"code":6331,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6333,6334],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6335,6336,6338,6340,6342],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6337,92],{"class":91},[37,6339,95],{"class":51},[37,6341,5475],{"class":91},[37,6343,4548],{"class":51},[20,6345,112],{},[28,6347,6348],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6349,6350],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6351,6352],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6353,4164],{"class":3977},[20,6355,6356],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6358,6359,6360,6362],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6361,5305],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6364,6365],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[28,6367,6369],{"className":30,"code":6368,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6370,6371,6381,6396],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6372,6373,6375,6377,6379],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6374,92],{"class":91},[37,6376,95],{"class":51},[37,6378,5475],{"class":91},[37,6380,4606],{"class":51},[37,6382,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6394],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6384,92],{"class":91},[37,6386,95],{"class":51},[37,6388,5475],{"class":91},[37,6390,95],{"class":51},[37,6392,6393],{"class":55},"\"\"",[37,6395,106],{"class":51},[37,6397,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6409],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,6399,92],{"class":91},[37,6401,95],{"class":51},[37,6403,5475],{"class":91},[37,6405,95],{"class":51},[37,6407,6408],{"class":756},"set",[37,6410,6411],{"class":51},"()))\n",[20,6413,112],{},[28,6415,6417],{"className":30,"code":6416,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6418,6419,6423,6427],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6420,6421],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6422,4164],{"class":3977},[37,6424,6425],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6426,4164],{"class":3977},[37,6428,6429],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,6430,4164],{"class":3977},[130,6432,6434],{"id":6433},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6436,22,6437,6439],{},[15,6438,5305],{}," when you want to:",[135,6441,6442,6445,6448],{},[138,6443,6444],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[138,6446,6447],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[138,6449,6450],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6452,6453],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[28,6455,6457],{"className":30,"code":6456,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6458,6459,6484,6488,6498,6502,6515,6533,6544,6550,6555],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6460,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6482],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6462,207],{"class":43},[37,6464,48],{"class":47},[37,6466,519],{"class":51},[37,6468,501],{"class":122},[37,6470,65],{"class":51},[37,6472,513],{"class":122},[37,6474,65],{"class":51},[37,6476,527],{"class":122},[37,6478,65],{"class":51},[37,6480,6481],{"class":122}," 8",[37,6483,3760],{"class":51},[37,6485,6486],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6487,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,6489,6490,6493,6495],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,6491,6492],{"class":43},"found_even ",[37,6494,48],{"class":47},[37,6496,6497],{"class":3977}," False\n",[37,6499,6500],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,6501,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,6503,6504,6506,6509,6511,6513],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,6505,1767],{"class":1483},[37,6507,6508],{"class":43}," number ",[37,6510,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6512,4383],{"class":43},[37,6514,1501],{"class":51},[37,6516,6517,6520,6522,6525,6527,6529,6531],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,6518,6519],{"class":1483},"    if",[37,6521,6508],{"class":43},[37,6523,6524],{"class":47},"%",[37,6526,890],{"class":122},[37,6528,1495],{"class":47},[37,6530,1498],{"class":122},[37,6532,1501],{"class":51},[37,6534,6536,6539,6541],{"class":39,"line":6535},7,[37,6537,6538],{"class":43},"        found_even ",[37,6540,48],{"class":47},[37,6542,6543],{"class":3977}," True\n",[37,6545,6547],{"class":39,"line":6546},8,[37,6548,6549],{"class":1483},"        break\n",[37,6551,6553],{"class":39,"line":6552},9,[37,6554,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,6556,6558,6560,6562,6565],{"class":39,"line":6557},10,[37,6559,92],{"class":91},[37,6561,95],{"class":51},[37,6563,6564],{"class":102},"found_even",[37,6566,85],{"class":51},[20,6568,6569],{},"You can write:",[28,6571,6573],{"className":30,"code":6572,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6574,6575,6599],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6576,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6578,207],{"class":43},[37,6580,48],{"class":47},[37,6582,519],{"class":51},[37,6584,501],{"class":122},[37,6586,65],{"class":51},[37,6588,513],{"class":122},[37,6590,65],{"class":51},[37,6592,527],{"class":122},[37,6594,65],{"class":51},[37,6596,6481],{"class":122},[37,6598,3760],{"class":51},[37,6600,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6602,92],{"class":91},[37,6604,95],{"class":51},[37,6606,5475],{"class":91},[37,6608,95],{"class":51},[37,6610,2349],{"class":102},[37,6612,6524],{"class":47},[37,6614,890],{"class":122},[37,6616,1495],{"class":47},[37,6618,1498],{"class":122},[37,6620,4002],{"class":1483},[37,6622,6508],{"class":102},[37,6624,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6626,4383],{"class":102},[37,6628,106],{"class":51},[20,6630,6631,6632,6634],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6633,5305],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[130,6636,155],{"id":4638},[20,6638,6639,6640,292],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6641,5305],{},[307,6643,6645],{"id":6644},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6647,4645],{},[28,6649,6651],{"className":30,"code":6650,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6652,6653],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6654,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6656,92],{"class":91},[37,6658,95],{"class":51},[37,6660,5475],{"class":91},[37,6662,95],{"class":51},[37,6664,446],{"class":122},[37,6666,106],{"class":51},[20,6668,6669,6670,6672],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6671,446],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6674,6675],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[28,6677,6679],{"className":30,"code":6678,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6680,6681],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6682,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6684,92],{"class":91},[37,6686,95],{"class":51},[37,6688,5475],{"class":91},[37,6690,3115],{"class":51},[37,6692,446],{"class":122},[37,6694,1073],{"class":51},[307,6696,6698],{"id":6697},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6700,6701,6703,6704,6707],{},[15,6702,5305],{}," needs only ",[110,6705,6706],{},"one"," truthy item.",[28,6709,6711],{"className":30,"code":6710,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6712,6713],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6714,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6716,92],{"class":91},[37,6718,95],{"class":51},[37,6720,5475],{"class":91},[37,6722,3115],{"class":51},[37,6724,3799],{"class":3977},[37,6726,65],{"class":51},[37,6728,4030],{"class":3977},[37,6730,65],{"class":51},[37,6732,4039],{"class":3977},[37,6734,1073],{"class":51},[20,6736,112],{},[28,6738,6739],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6740,6741],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6742,6743],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6744,4103],{"class":3977},[20,6746,6747,6748,6752],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[285,6749,6750],{"href":5546},[15,6751,3703],{}," instead.",[307,6754,6756],{"id":6755},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6758,6759,6760,292],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6761,6762],{},"\"True\"",[28,6764,6766],{"className":30,"code":6765,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6767,6768],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6769,6770,6772,6774,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6771,92],{"class":91},[37,6773,95],{"class":51},[37,6775,5475],{"class":91},[37,6777,3115],{"class":51},[37,6779,56],{"class":55},[37,6781,3799],{"class":59},[37,6783,56],{"class":55},[37,6785,1073],{"class":51},[20,6787,112],{},[28,6789,6790],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6791,6792],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6793,6794],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6795,4103],{"class":3977},[20,6797,6798,6799,6802],{},"That is because ",[15,6800,6801],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[307,6804,6806],{"id":6805},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6808,6809],{},"This works:",[28,6811,6813],{"className":30,"code":6812,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6814,6815,6835],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6816,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831,6833],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6818,207],{"class":43},[37,6820,48],{"class":47},[37,6822,519],{"class":51},[37,6824,501],{"class":122},[37,6826,65],{"class":51},[37,6828,890],{"class":122},[37,6830,65],{"class":51},[37,6832,513],{"class":122},[37,6834,3760],{"class":51},[37,6836,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855,6857,6859],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6838,92],{"class":91},[37,6840,95],{"class":51},[37,6842,5475],{"class":91},[37,6844,3115],{"class":51},[37,6846,3153],{"class":102},[37,6848,4372],{"class":47},[37,6850,890],{"class":122},[37,6852,4002],{"class":1483},[37,6854,4005],{"class":102},[37,6856,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6858,4383],{"class":102},[37,6860,1073],{"class":51},[20,6862,6863],{},"But this is usually better:",[28,6865,6867],{"className":30,"code":6866,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6868,6869,6889],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6870,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6872,207],{"class":43},[37,6874,48],{"class":47},[37,6876,519],{"class":51},[37,6878,501],{"class":122},[37,6880,65],{"class":51},[37,6882,890],{"class":122},[37,6884,65],{"class":51},[37,6886,513],{"class":122},[37,6888,3760],{"class":51},[37,6890,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911,6913],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,6892,92],{"class":91},[37,6894,95],{"class":51},[37,6896,5475],{"class":91},[37,6898,95],{"class":51},[37,6900,3153],{"class":102},[37,6902,4372],{"class":47},[37,6904,890],{"class":122},[37,6906,4002],{"class":1483},[37,6908,4005],{"class":102},[37,6910,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6912,4383],{"class":102},[37,6914,106],{"class":51},[20,6916,6917],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[130,6919,1969],{"id":1968},[307,6921,6923],{"id":6922},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6925,5268,6926,6928,6929,292],{},[15,6927,3729],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6930,3799],{},[307,6932,6934],{"id":6933},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6936,6937,2530,6939,6941],{},[15,6938,5305],{},[15,6940,3799],{}," for an empty iterable.",[307,6943,6945],{"id":6944},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6947,6948,6950,6951,6953],{},[15,6949,5305],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6952,3703],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[307,6955,6957],{"id":6956},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6959,6960],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[28,6962,6963],{"className":30,"code":6066,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6964,6965],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6966,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6968,5475],{"class":91},[37,6970,95],{"class":51},[37,6972,6077],{"class":102},[37,6974,1767],{"class":1483},[37,6976,6082],{"class":102},[37,6978,1773],{"class":1483},[37,6980,6087],{"class":102},[37,6982,85],{"class":51},[20,6984,5593],{},[28,6986,6987],{"className":30,"code":6866,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,6988,6989,7009],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,6990,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,6992,207],{"class":43},[37,6994,48],{"class":47},[37,6996,519],{"class":51},[37,6998,501],{"class":122},[37,7000,65],{"class":51},[37,7002,890],{"class":122},[37,7004,65],{"class":51},[37,7006,513],{"class":122},[37,7008,3760],{"class":51},[37,7010,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7012,92],{"class":91},[37,7014,95],{"class":51},[37,7016,5475],{"class":91},[37,7018,95],{"class":51},[37,7020,3153],{"class":102},[37,7022,4372],{"class":47},[37,7024,890],{"class":122},[37,7026,4002],{"class":1483},[37,7028,4005],{"class":102},[37,7030,1773],{"class":1483},[37,7032,4383],{"class":102},[37,7034,106],{"class":51},[130,7036,2025],{"id":2024},[135,7038,7039,7045,7049,7053,7058],{},[138,7040,7041],{},[285,7042,7043,291],{"href":5546},[15,7044,3703],{},[138,7046,7047],{},[285,7048,3933],{"href":5899},[138,7050,7051],{},[285,7052,5337],{"href":5708},[138,7054,7055],{},[285,7056,7057],{"href":6318},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[138,7059,7060],{},[285,7061,7062,291],{"href":5902},[15,7063,3939],{},[2052,7065,7066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":7068},[7069,7070,7071,7072,7073,7074,7075,7076,7082,7088],{"id":5496,"depth":88,"text":5497},{"id":5551,"depth":88,"text":5552},{"id":3854,"depth":88,"text":3855},{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":6051,"depth":88,"text":6052},{"id":6322,"depth":88,"text":6323},{"id":6433,"depth":88,"text":6434},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":7077},[7078,7079,7080,7081],{"id":6644,"depth":251,"text":6645},{"id":6697,"depth":251,"text":6698},{"id":6755,"depth":251,"text":6756},{"id":6805,"depth":251,"text":6806},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":7083},[7084,7085,7086,7087],{"id":6922,"depth":251,"text":6923},{"id":6933,"depth":251,"text":6934},{"id":6944,"depth":251,"text":6945},{"id":6956,"depth":251,"text":6957},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5400,"description":7089},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7095,"title":7096,"body":7097,"description":9223,"extension":2099,"meta":9224,"navigation":254,"path":9225,"seo":9226,"stem":9227,"__hash__":9228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7098,"toc":9186},[7099,7102,7111,7120,7122,7219,7221,7250,7266,7270,7275,7278,7288,7294,7300,7316,7318,7326,7333,7337,7340,7355,7360,7378,7383,7385,7433,7435,7452,7456,7462,7465,7500,7502,7608,7610,7647,7651,7659,7661,7681,7683,7804,7806,7835,7838,7861,7863,7871,7879,7883,7889,7893,7932,7934,7942,7945,7973,7975,7983,7987,8016,8018,8026,8058,8060,8068,8072,8123,8125,8133,8141,8145,8148,8200,8202,8221,8228,8232,8238,8241,8249,8271,8273,8281,8289,8312,8314,8322,8327,8332,8344,8346,8387,8398,8402,8411,8414,8417,8476,8479,8531,8534,8539,8555,8561,8563,8568,8576,8579,8601,8603,8611,8616,8619,8654,8656,8664,8668,8673,8711,8723,8726,8781,8789,8793,8796,8818,8827,8830,8871,8873,8896,8902,8908,8923,8925,8945,8948,8967,8969,8988,8992,8998,9077,9080,9094,9101,9103,9107,9114,9118,9122,9126,9131,9135,9140,9144,9151,9153,9183],[10,7100,7096],{"id":7101},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7103,1531,7104,7106,7107,3006,7109,292],{},[15,7105,3939],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7108,3729],{},[15,7110,3799],{},[20,7112,7113,7114,7116,7117,7119],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7115,3939],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7118,1484],{}," statements and other conditions.",[130,7121,3734],{"id":3733},[28,7123,7125],{"className":30,"code":7124,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7126,7127,7141,7155,7169,7187,7197],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7128,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7130,92],{"class":91},[37,7132,95],{"class":51},[37,7134,3993],{"class":756},[37,7136,95],{"class":51},[37,7138,1070],{"class":122},[37,7140,106],{"class":51},[37,7142,7143,7145,7147,7149,7151,7153],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7144,92],{"class":91},[37,7146,95],{"class":51},[37,7148,3993],{"class":756},[37,7150,95],{"class":51},[37,7152,501],{"class":122},[37,7154,106],{"class":51},[37,7156,7157,7159,7161,7163,7165,7167],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7158,92],{"class":91},[37,7160,95],{"class":51},[37,7162,3993],{"class":756},[37,7164,95],{"class":51},[37,7166,6393],{"class":55},[37,7168,106],{"class":51},[37,7170,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,7172,92],{"class":91},[37,7174,95],{"class":51},[37,7176,3993],{"class":756},[37,7178,95],{"class":51},[37,7180,56],{"class":55},[37,7182,3970],{"class":59},[37,7184,56],{"class":55},[37,7186,106],{"class":51},[37,7188,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,7190,92],{"class":91},[37,7192,95],{"class":51},[37,7194,3993],{"class":756},[37,7196,4548],{"class":51},[37,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,7200,92],{"class":91},[37,7202,95],{"class":51},[37,7204,3993],{"class":756},[37,7206,3115],{"class":51},[37,7208,501],{"class":122},[37,7210,65],{"class":51},[37,7212,890],{"class":122},[37,7214,65],{"class":51},[37,7216,513],{"class":122},[37,7218,1073],{"class":51},[20,7220,5681],{},[28,7222,7224],{"className":30,"code":7223,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7225,7226,7230,7234,7238,7242,7246],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7227,7228],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7229,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7231,7232],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7233,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7235,7236],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7237,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7239,7240],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,7241,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7243,7244],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,7245,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7247,7248],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,7249,4103],{"class":3977},[20,7251,22,7252,7255,7256,3006,7258,7260,7261,7263,7264,292],{},[15,7253,7254],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7257,3729],{},[15,7259,3799],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7262,3799],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7265,3729],{},[130,7267,7269],{"id":7268},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7271,7272,7274],{},[15,7273,3939],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7276,7277],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[135,7279,7280,7284],{},[138,7281,7282],{},[15,7283,3729],{},[138,7285,7286],{},[15,7287,3799],{},[20,7289,7290,7291,7293],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7292,1484],{}," statements.",[20,7295,7296,7297,7299],{},"You can also call ",[15,7298,3939],{}," with no argument:",[28,7301,7303],{"className":30,"code":7302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool())\n",[15,7304,7305],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7306,7307,7309,7311,7313],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7308,92],{"class":91},[37,7310,95],{"class":51},[37,7312,3993],{"class":756},[37,7314,7315],{"class":51},"())\n",[20,7317,112],{},[28,7319,7320],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,7321,7322],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7323,7324],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7325,4164],{"class":3977},[20,7327,7328,7329,292],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[285,7330,7332],{"href":7331},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[130,7334,7336],{"id":7335},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7338,7339],{},"The basic syntax is:",[28,7341,7343],{"className":30,"code":7342,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"bool(value)\n",[15,7344,7345],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7346,7347,7349,7351,7353],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7348,3993],{"class":756},[37,7350,95],{"class":51},[37,7352,1215],{"class":102},[37,7354,85],{"class":51},[20,7356,1531,7357,7359],{},[15,7358,1215],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[135,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7373,7375],{},[138,7363,246],{},[138,7365,5430],{},[138,7367,5421],{},[138,7369,5424],{},[138,7371,7372],{},"dictionaries",[138,7374,5427],{},[138,7376,7377],{},"other objects",[20,7379,7380,7381,292],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7382,3799],{},[20,7384,197],{},[28,7386,7388],{"className":30,"code":7387,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7389,7390,7404,7423],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7391,7392,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7393,92],{"class":91},[37,7395,95],{"class":51},[37,7397,3993],{"class":756},[37,7399,95],{"class":51},[37,7401,214],{"class":122},[37,7403,106],{"class":51},[37,7405,7406,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7419,7421],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7407,92],{"class":91},[37,7409,95],{"class":51},[37,7411,3993],{"class":756},[37,7413,95],{"class":51},[37,7415,56],{"class":55},[37,7417,7418],{"class":59},"Python",[37,7420,56],{"class":55},[37,7422,106],{"class":51},[37,7424,7425,7427,7429,7431],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7426,92],{"class":91},[37,7428,95],{"class":51},[37,7430,3993],{"class":756},[37,7432,7315],{"class":51},[20,7434,112],{},[28,7436,7438],{"className":30,"code":7437,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7439,7440,7444,7448],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7441,7442],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7443,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7445,7446],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7447,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7449,7450],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7451,4164],{"class":3977},[130,7453,7455],{"id":7454},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7457,7458,7459,7461],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[110,7460,5718],{}," values.",[20,7463,7464],{},"Common examples:",[135,7466,7467,7471,7475,7479,7483,7488,7492,7496],{},[138,7468,7469],{},[15,7470,1070],{},[138,7472,7473],{},[15,7474,3894],{},[138,7476,7477],{},[15,7478,6393],{},[138,7480,7481],{},[15,7482,3913],{},[138,7484,7485],{},[15,7486,7487],{},"()",[138,7489,7490],{},[15,7491,3918],{},[138,7493,7494],{},[15,7495,3923],{},[138,7497,7498],{},[15,7499,3904],{},[20,7501,197],{},[28,7503,7505],{"className":30,"code":7504,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7506,7507,7521,7535,7549,7559,7569,7580,7594],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7508,7509,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7510,92],{"class":91},[37,7512,95],{"class":51},[37,7514,3993],{"class":756},[37,7516,95],{"class":51},[37,7518,1070],{"class":122},[37,7520,106],{"class":51},[37,7522,7523,7525,7527,7529,7531,7533],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7524,92],{"class":91},[37,7526,95],{"class":51},[37,7528,3993],{"class":756},[37,7530,95],{"class":51},[37,7532,3894],{"class":122},[37,7534,106],{"class":51},[37,7536,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7538,92],{"class":91},[37,7540,95],{"class":51},[37,7542,3993],{"class":756},[37,7544,95],{"class":51},[37,7546,6393],{"class":55},[37,7548,106],{"class":51},[37,7550,7551,7553,7555,7557],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,7552,92],{"class":91},[37,7554,95],{"class":51},[37,7556,3993],{"class":756},[37,7558,4548],{"class":51},[37,7560,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,7562,92],{"class":91},[37,7564,95],{"class":51},[37,7566,3993],{"class":756},[37,7568,4606],{"class":51},[37,7570,7571,7573,7575,7577],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,7572,92],{"class":91},[37,7574,95],{"class":51},[37,7576,3993],{"class":756},[37,7578,7579],{"class":51},"({}))\n",[37,7581,7582,7584,7586,7588,7590,7592],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,7583,92],{"class":91},[37,7585,95],{"class":51},[37,7587,3993],{"class":756},[37,7589,95],{"class":51},[37,7591,6408],{"class":756},[37,7593,6411],{"class":51},[37,7595,7596,7598,7600,7602,7604,7606],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,7597,92],{"class":91},[37,7599,95],{"class":51},[37,7601,3993],{"class":756},[37,7603,95],{"class":51},[37,7605,3904],{"class":3977},[37,7607,106],{"class":51},[20,7609,112],{},[28,7611,7613],{"className":30,"code":7612,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7614,7615,7619,7623,7627,7631,7635,7639,7643],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7616,7617],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7618,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7620,7621],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7622,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7624,7625],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7626,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7628,7629],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,7630,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7632,7633],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,7634,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7636,7637],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,7638,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7640,7641],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,7642,4164],{"class":3977},[37,7644,7645],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,7646,4164],{"class":3977},[130,7648,7650],{"id":7649},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7652,7653,7654,7656,7657,7461],{},"Many values become ",[15,7655,3729],{},". These are often called ",[110,7658,5715],{},[20,7660,7464],{},[135,7662,7663,7666,7669,7672,7675,7678],{},[138,7664,7665],{},"non-zero numbers",[138,7667,7668],{},"non-empty strings",[138,7670,7671],{},"non-empty lists",[138,7673,7674],{},"non-empty tuples",[138,7676,7677],{},"non-empty sets",[138,7679,7680],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7682,197],{},[28,7684,7686],{"className":30,"code":7685,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7687,7688,7702,7718,7736,7758,7776],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7689,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7691,92],{"class":91},[37,7693,95],{"class":51},[37,7695,3993],{"class":756},[37,7697,95],{"class":51},[37,7699,446],{"class":122},[37,7701,106],{"class":51},[37,7703,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7705,92],{"class":91},[37,7707,95],{"class":51},[37,7709,3993],{"class":756},[37,7711,95],{"class":51},[37,7713,2159],{"class":47},[37,7715,508],{"class":122},[37,7717,106],{"class":51},[37,7719,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7721,92],{"class":91},[37,7723,95],{"class":51},[37,7725,3993],{"class":756},[37,7727,95],{"class":51},[37,7729,56],{"class":55},[37,7731,3970],{"class":59},[37,7733,56],{"class":55},[37,7735,106],{"class":51},[37,7737,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,7739,92],{"class":91},[37,7741,95],{"class":51},[37,7743,3993],{"class":756},[37,7745,3115],{"class":51},[37,7747,501],{"class":122},[37,7749,65],{"class":51},[37,7751,890],{"class":122},[37,7753,65],{"class":51},[37,7755,513],{"class":122},[37,7757,1073],{"class":51},[37,7759,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,7761,92],{"class":91},[37,7763,95],{"class":51},[37,7765,3993],{"class":756},[37,7767,5632],{"class":51},[37,7769,501],{"class":122},[37,7771,65],{"class":51},[37,7773,890],{"class":122},[37,7775,3041],{"class":51},[37,7777,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788,7791,7793,7795,7797,7800,7802],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,7779,92],{"class":91},[37,7781,95],{"class":51},[37,7783,3993],{"class":756},[37,7785,5651],{"class":51},[37,7787,56],{"class":55},[37,7789,7790],{"class":59},"name",[37,7792,56],{"class":55},[37,7794,3013],{"class":51},[37,7796,68],{"class":55},[37,7798,7799],{"class":59},"Sam",[37,7801,56],{"class":55},[37,7803,5660],{"class":51},[20,7805,112],{},[28,7807,7809],{"className":30,"code":7808,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7810,7811,7815,7819,7823,7827,7831],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7812,7813],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7814,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7816,7817],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7818,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7820,7821],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,7822,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7824,7825],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,7826,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7828,7829],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,7830,4103],{"class":3977},[37,7832,7833],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,7834,4103],{"class":3977},[20,7836,7837],{},"One important example is this:",[28,7839,7841],{"className":30,"code":7840,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7842,7843],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7844,7845,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7846,92],{"class":91},[37,7848,95],{"class":51},[37,7850,3993],{"class":756},[37,7852,95],{"class":51},[37,7854,56],{"class":55},[37,7856,3799],{"class":59},[37,7858,56],{"class":55},[37,7860,106],{"class":51},[20,7862,112],{},[28,7864,7865],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,7866,7867],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7868,7869],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7870,4103],{"class":3977},[20,7872,7873,7874,7876,7877,292],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7875,6801],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7878,3729],{},[130,7880,7882],{"id":7881},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7884,7885,7886,7888],{},"You can use ",[15,7887,3939],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[307,7890,7892],{"id":7891},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[28,7894,7896],{"className":30,"code":7895,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7897,7898,7918],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7899,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914,7916],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7901,670],{"class":43},[37,7903,48],{"class":47},[37,7905,519],{"class":51},[37,7907,214],{"class":122},[37,7909,65],{"class":51},[37,7911,219],{"class":122},[37,7913,65],{"class":51},[37,7915,224],{"class":122},[37,7917,3760],{"class":51},[37,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7921,92],{"class":91},[37,7923,95],{"class":51},[37,7925,3993],{"class":756},[37,7927,95],{"class":51},[37,7929,687],{"class":102},[37,7931,106],{"class":51},[20,7933,112],{},[28,7935,7936],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,7937,7938],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7939,7940],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7941,4103],{"class":3977},[20,7943,7944],{},"With an empty list:",[28,7946,7948],{"className":30,"code":7947,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7949,7950,7959],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7951,7952,7954,7956],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7953,670],{"class":43},[37,7955,48],{"class":47},[37,7957,7958],{"class":51}," []\n",[37,7960,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,7962,92],{"class":91},[37,7964,95],{"class":51},[37,7966,3993],{"class":756},[37,7968,95],{"class":51},[37,7970,687],{"class":102},[37,7972,106],{"class":51},[20,7974,112],{},[28,7976,7977],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,7978,7979],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7980,7981],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7982,4164],{"class":3977},[307,7984,7986],{"id":7985},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[28,7988,7990],{"className":30,"code":7989,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7991,7992,8002],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,7993,7994,7997,7999],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,7995,7996],{"class":43},"name ",[37,7998,48],{"class":47},[37,8000,8001],{"class":55}," \"\"\n",[37,8003,8004,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8005,92],{"class":91},[37,8007,95],{"class":51},[37,8009,3993],{"class":756},[37,8011,95],{"class":51},[37,8013,7790],{"class":102},[37,8015,106],{"class":51},[20,8017,112],{},[28,8019,8020],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8021,8022],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8023,8024],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8025,4164],{"class":3977},[28,8027,8029],{"className":30,"code":8028,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8030,8031,8044],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8032,8033,8035,8037,8039,8042],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8034,7996],{"class":43},[37,8036,48],{"class":47},[37,8038,68],{"class":55},[37,8040,8041],{"class":59},"Mia",[37,8043,3484],{"class":55},[37,8045,8046,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8047,92],{"class":91},[37,8049,95],{"class":51},[37,8051,3993],{"class":756},[37,8053,95],{"class":51},[37,8055,7790],{"class":102},[37,8057,106],{"class":51},[20,8059,112],{},[28,8061,8062],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8063,8064],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8065,8066],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8067,4103],{"class":3977},[307,8069,8071],{"id":8070},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[28,8073,8075],{"className":30,"code":8074,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8076,8077,8091,8108,8112],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8078,8079,8082,8084,8086,8089],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8080,8081],{"class":43},"username ",[37,8083,48],{"class":47},[37,8085,68],{"class":55},[37,8087,8088],{"class":59},"alex",[37,8090,3484],{"class":55},[37,8092,8093,8096,8098,8101,8103,8106],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8094,8095],{"class":43},"has_name ",[37,8097,48],{"class":47},[37,8099,8100],{"class":756}," bool",[37,8102,95],{"class":51},[37,8104,8105],{"class":102},"username",[37,8107,85],{"class":51},[37,8109,8110],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,8111,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,8113,8114,8116,8118,8121],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,8115,92],{"class":91},[37,8117,95],{"class":51},[37,8119,8120],{"class":102},"has_name",[37,8122,85],{"class":51},[20,8124,112],{},[28,8126,8127],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8128,8129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8130,8131],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8132,4103],{"class":3977},[20,8134,8135,8136,3006,8138,8140],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8137,3729],{},[15,8139,3799],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[307,8142,8144],{"id":8143},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8146,8147],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[28,8149,8151],{"className":30,"code":8150,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8152,8153,8173,8177,8185],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8154,8155,8157,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169,8171],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8156,207],{"class":43},[37,8158,48],{"class":47},[37,8160,519],{"class":51},[37,8162,501],{"class":122},[37,8164,65],{"class":51},[37,8166,890],{"class":122},[37,8168,65],{"class":51},[37,8170,513],{"class":122},[37,8172,3760],{"class":51},[37,8174,8175],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8176,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,8178,8179,8181,8183],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,8180,1484],{"class":1483},[37,8182,4383],{"class":43},[37,8184,1501],{"class":51},[37,8186,8187,8189,8191,8193,8196,8198],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,8188,1506],{"class":91},[37,8190,95],{"class":51},[37,8192,56],{"class":55},[37,8194,8195],{"class":59},"The list is not empty",[37,8197,56],{"class":55},[37,8199,85],{"class":51},[20,8201,112],{},[28,8203,8205],{"className":30,"code":8204,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8206,8207],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8208,8209,8211,8214,8216,8219],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8210,1531],{"class":43},[37,8212,8213],{"class":756},"list",[37,8215,1536],{"class":47},[37,8217,8218],{"class":47}," not",[37,8220,1539],{"class":43},[20,8222,8223,8224,292],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[285,8225,8227],{"href":8226},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[130,8229,8231],{"id":8230},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8233,8234,8235,8237],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8236,3939],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8239,8240],{},"It does not do that.",[307,8242,8244,2530,8247],{"id":8243},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8245,8246],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8248,3729],{},[28,8250,8251],{"className":30,"code":7840,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8252,8253],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8254,8255,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8256,92],{"class":91},[37,8258,95],{"class":51},[37,8260,3993],{"class":756},[37,8262,95],{"class":51},[37,8264,56],{"class":55},[37,8266,3799],{"class":59},[37,8268,56],{"class":55},[37,8270,106],{"class":51},[20,8272,112],{},[28,8274,8275],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8276,8277],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8278,8279],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8280,4103],{"class":3977},[307,8282,8284,2530,8287],{"id":8283},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8285,8286],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8288,3729],{},[28,8290,8292],{"className":30,"code":8291,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8293,8294],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8295,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8297,92],{"class":91},[37,8299,95],{"class":51},[37,8301,3993],{"class":756},[37,8303,95],{"class":51},[37,8305,56],{"class":55},[37,8307,1070],{"class":59},[37,8309,56],{"class":55},[37,8311,106],{"class":51},[20,8313,112],{},[28,8315,8316],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8317,8318],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8319,8320],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8321,4103],{"class":3977},[20,8323,8324,8325,292],{},"This happens because both values are ",[110,8326,7668],{},[20,8328,8329,8331],{},[15,8330,3939],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8333,8334,8335,8340,8341,8343],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[285,8336,8338],{"href":8337},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8339,3087],{},", because ",[15,8342,3087],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8345,197],{},[28,8347,8349],{"className":30,"code":8348,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8350,8351,8372],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8352,8353,8356,8358,8361,8363,8365,8368,8370],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8354,8355],{"class":43},"user_value ",[37,8357,48],{"class":47},[37,8359,8360],{"class":91}," input",[37,8362,95],{"class":51},[37,8364,56],{"class":55},[37,8366,8367],{"class":59},"Enter True or False: ",[37,8369,56],{"class":55},[37,8371,85],{"class":51},[37,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8385],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8375,92],{"class":91},[37,8377,95],{"class":51},[37,8379,3993],{"class":756},[37,8381,95],{"class":51},[37,8383,8384],{"class":102},"user_value",[37,8386,106],{"class":51},[20,8388,8389,8390,8392,8393,8340,8395,8397],{},"If the user types ",[15,8391,3799],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8394,3729],{},[15,8396,6801],{}," is not empty.",[130,8399,8401],{"id":8400},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8403,8404,8405,8407,8408,8410],{},"In many ",[15,8406,1484],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8409,3939],{}," yourself.",[20,8412,8413],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8415,8416],{},"Instead of this:",[28,8418,8420],{"className":30,"code":8419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8421,8422,8443,8447,8461],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8423,8424,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8425,8426],{"class":43},"my_list ",[37,8428,48],{"class":47},[37,8430,519],{"class":51},[37,8432,501],{"class":122},[37,8434,65],{"class":51},[37,8436,890],{"class":122},[37,8438,65],{"class":51},[37,8440,513],{"class":122},[37,8442,3760],{"class":51},[37,8444,8445],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8446,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,8448,8449,8451,8453,8455,8458],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,8450,1484],{"class":1483},[37,8452,8100],{"class":756},[37,8454,95],{"class":51},[37,8456,8457],{"class":102},"my_list",[37,8459,8460],{"class":51},"):\n",[37,8462,8463,8465,8467,8469,8472,8474],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,8464,1506],{"class":91},[37,8466,95],{"class":51},[37,8468,56],{"class":55},[37,8470,8471],{"class":59},"List has items",[37,8473,56],{"class":55},[37,8475,85],{"class":51},[20,8477,8478],{},"You can simply write:",[28,8480,8482],{"className":30,"code":8481,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8483,8484,8504,8508,8517],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8485,8486,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8487,8426],{"class":43},[37,8489,48],{"class":47},[37,8491,519],{"class":51},[37,8493,501],{"class":122},[37,8495,65],{"class":51},[37,8497,890],{"class":122},[37,8499,65],{"class":51},[37,8501,513],{"class":122},[37,8503,3760],{"class":51},[37,8505,8506],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8507,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,8509,8510,8512,8515],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,8511,1484],{"class":1483},[37,8513,8514],{"class":43}," my_list",[37,8516,1501],{"class":51},[37,8518,8519,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,8520,1506],{"class":91},[37,8522,95],{"class":51},[37,8524,56],{"class":55},[37,8526,8471],{"class":59},[37,8528,56],{"class":55},[37,8530,85],{"class":51},[20,8532,8533],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8535,1872,8536,8538],{},[15,8537,3939],{}," is still helpful when:",[135,8540,8541,8544,8552],{},[138,8542,8543],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[138,8545,8546,8547,3006,8549,8551],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8548,3729],{},[15,8550,3799],{}," value",[138,8553,8554],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8556,8557,8558,292],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[285,8559,8560],{"href":2432},"Python type() function explained",[130,8562,1854],{"id":1853},[20,8564,8565,8566,292],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8567,3939],{},[307,8569,1880,8571,8573,8574],{"id":8570},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8572,8246],{}," to return ",[15,8575,3799],{},[20,8577,8578],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[28,8580,8581],{"className":30,"code":7840,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8582,8583],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8584,8585,8587,8589,8591,8593,8595,8597,8599],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8586,92],{"class":91},[37,8588,95],{"class":51},[37,8590,3993],{"class":756},[37,8592,95],{"class":51},[37,8594,56],{"class":55},[37,8596,3799],{"class":59},[37,8598,56],{"class":55},[37,8600,106],{"class":51},[20,8602,112],{},[28,8604,8605],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8606,8607],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8608,8609],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8610,4103],{"class":3977},[20,8612,8613,8614,6802],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8615,6801],{},[20,8617,8618],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[28,8620,8622],{"className":30,"code":8621,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8623,8624,8636],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8625,8626,8628,8630,8632,8634],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8627,1194],{"class":43},[37,8629,48],{"class":47},[37,8631,68],{"class":55},[37,8633,3799],{"class":59},[37,8635,3484],{"class":55},[37,8637,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650,8652],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8639,92],{"class":91},[37,8641,95],{"class":51},[37,8643,1194],{"class":102},[37,8645,4807],{"class":47},[37,8647,68],{"class":55},[37,8649,3729],{"class":59},[37,8651,56],{"class":55},[37,8653,85],{"class":51},[20,8655,112],{},[28,8657,8658],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,8659,8660],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8661,8662],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8663,4164],{"class":3977},[307,8665,8667],{"id":8666},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8669,8670,8672],{},[15,8671,3087],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[28,8674,8676],{"className":30,"code":8675,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8677,8678,8697],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8679,8680,8682,8684,8686,8688,8690,8693,8695],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8681,1194],{"class":43},[37,8683,48],{"class":47},[37,8685,8360],{"class":91},[37,8687,95],{"class":51},[37,8689,56],{"class":55},[37,8691,8692],{"class":59},"Enter yes or no: ",[37,8694,56],{"class":55},[37,8696,85],{"class":51},[37,8698,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8700,92],{"class":91},[37,8702,95],{"class":51},[37,8704,3993],{"class":756},[37,8706,95],{"class":51},[37,8708,1215],{"class":102},[37,8710,106],{"class":51},[20,8712,8389,8713,8716,8717,8719,8720,8397],{},[15,8714,8715],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8718,3729],{}," because ",[15,8721,8722],{},"\"no\"",[20,8724,8725],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[28,8727,8729],{"className":30,"code":8728,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8730,8731,8762],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8732,8733,8735,8737,8739,8741,8743,8745,8747,8750,8753,8756,8759],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8734,1194],{"class":43},[37,8736,48],{"class":47},[37,8738,8360],{"class":91},[37,8740,95],{"class":51},[37,8742,56],{"class":55},[37,8744,8692],{"class":59},[37,8746,56],{"class":55},[37,8748,8749],{"class":51},").",[37,8751,8752],{"class":102},"strip",[37,8754,8755],{"class":51},"().",[37,8757,8758],{"class":102},"lower",[37,8760,8761],{"class":51},"()\n",[37,8763,8764,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774,8777,8779],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8765,92],{"class":91},[37,8767,95],{"class":51},[37,8769,1194],{"class":102},[37,8771,4807],{"class":47},[37,8773,68],{"class":55},[37,8775,8776],{"class":59},"yes",[37,8778,56],{"class":55},[37,8780,85],{"class":51},[20,8782,8783,8784,8786,8787,292],{},"This gives ",[15,8785,3729],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8788,8776],{},[307,8790,8792],{"id":8791},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8794,8795],{},"These are different:",[135,8797,8798,8802,8806,8810,8814],{},[138,8799,8800],{},[15,8801,3799],{},[138,8803,8804],{},[15,8805,1070],{},[138,8807,8808],{},[15,8809,6393],{},[138,8811,8812],{},[15,8813,3913],{},[138,8815,8816],{},[15,8817,3904],{},[20,8819,8820,8821,8823,8824,8826],{},"They all become ",[15,8822,3799],{}," with ",[15,8825,3939],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8828,8829],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[28,8831,8833],{"className":30,"code":8832,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8834,8835,8843,8857],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8836,8837,8839,8841],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8838,1194],{"class":43},[37,8840,48],{"class":47},[37,8842,7958],{"class":51},[37,8844,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8846,92],{"class":91},[37,8848,95],{"class":51},[37,8850,757],{"class":756},[37,8852,95],{"class":51},[37,8854,1215],{"class":102},[37,8856,106],{"class":51},[37,8858,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8869],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,8860,92],{"class":91},[37,8862,95],{"class":51},[37,8864,3993],{"class":756},[37,8866,95],{"class":51},[37,8868,1215],{"class":102},[37,8870,106],{"class":51},[20,8872,112],{},[28,8874,8876],{"className":30,"code":8875,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8877,8878,8892],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8879,8880,8882,8884,8886,8888,8890],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8881,808],{"class":47},[37,8883,812],{"class":811},[37,8885,815],{"class":55},[37,8887,8213],{"class":59},[37,8889,821],{"class":55},[37,8891,824],{"class":47},[37,8893,8894],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,8895,4164],{"class":3977},[307,8897,1872,8899,8901],{"id":8898},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8900,3918],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8903,8904,8905,8907],{},"In Python, ",[15,8906,3918],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[28,8909,8911],{"className":30,"code":8910,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8912,8913],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8914,8915,8917,8919,8921],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8916,92],{"class":91},[37,8918,95],{"class":51},[37,8920,757],{"class":756},[37,8922,7579],{"class":51},[20,8924,112],{},[28,8926,8928],{"className":30,"code":8927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8929,8930],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8931,8932,8934,8936,8938,8941,8943],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8933,808],{"class":47},[37,8935,812],{"class":811},[37,8937,815],{"class":55},[37,8939,8940],{"class":59},"dict",[37,8942,821],{"class":55},[37,8944,824],{"class":47},[20,8946,8947],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[28,8949,8951],{"className":30,"code":8950,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8952,8953],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8954,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8956,92],{"class":91},[37,8958,95],{"class":51},[37,8960,757],{"class":756},[37,8962,95],{"class":51},[37,8964,6408],{"class":756},[37,8966,6411],{"class":51},[20,8968,112],{},[28,8970,8972],{"className":30,"code":8971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8973,8974],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,8977,808],{"class":47},[37,8979,812],{"class":811},[37,8981,815],{"class":55},[37,8983,6408],{"class":59},[37,8985,821],{"class":55},[37,8987,824],{"class":47},[130,8989,8991],{"id":8990},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8993,8994,8995,8997],{},"If ",[15,8996,3939],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[28,8999,9001],{"className":30,"code":9000,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9002,9003,9017,9031,9041,9059],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9004,9005,9007,9009,9011,9013,9015],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9006,92],{"class":91},[37,9008,95],{"class":51},[37,9010,3993],{"class":756},[37,9012,95],{"class":51},[37,9014,1215],{"class":102},[37,9016,106],{"class":51},[37,9018,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9020,92],{"class":91},[37,9022,95],{"class":51},[37,9024,757],{"class":756},[37,9026,95],{"class":51},[37,9028,1215],{"class":102},[37,9030,106],{"class":51},[37,9032,9033,9035,9037,9039],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,9034,92],{"class":91},[37,9036,95],{"class":51},[37,9038,1215],{"class":102},[37,9040,85],{"class":51},[37,9042,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,9044,92],{"class":91},[37,9046,95],{"class":51},[37,9048,1194],{"class":102},[37,9050,4807],{"class":47},[37,9052,68],{"class":55},[37,9054,3729],{"class":59},[37,9056,56],{"class":55},[37,9058,85],{"class":51},[37,9060,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,9062,92],{"class":91},[37,9064,95],{"class":51},[37,9066,1215],{"class":102},[37,9068,292],{"class":51},[37,9070,8752],{"class":102},[37,9072,8755],{"class":51},[37,9074,8758],{"class":102},[37,9076,7315],{"class":51},[20,9078,9079],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[135,9081,9082,9085,9088,9091],{},[138,9083,9084],{},"what the value really is",[138,9086,9087],{},"whether it is a string",[138,9089,9090],{},"whether it contains spaces",[138,9092,9093],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9095,9096,9097,292],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[285,9098,9100],{"href":9099},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[130,9102,1969],{"id":1968},[307,9104,9106],{"id":9105},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9108,9109,9110,3006,9112,292],{},"It returns either ",[15,9111,3729],{},[15,9113,3799],{},[307,9115,9117],{"id":9116},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9119,5268,9120,292],{},[15,9121,3799],{},[307,9123,9125],{"id":9124},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9127,9128,9129,292],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9130,3729],{},[307,9132,9134],{"id":9133},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9136,9137,9138,292],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9139,3799],{},[307,9141,9143],{"id":9142},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9145,9146,9147,3006,9149,3863],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9148,3729],{},[15,9150,3799],{},[130,9152,2025],{"id":2024},[135,9154,9155,9160,9164,9169,9173,9178],{},[138,9156,9157],{},[285,9158,9159],{"href":5899},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[138,9161,9162],{},[285,9163,8227],{"href":8226},[138,9165,9166],{},[285,9167,9168],{"href":8337},"Python input() function explained",[138,9170,9171],{},[285,9172,8560],{"href":2432},[138,9174,9175],{},[285,9176,9177],{"href":9099},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[138,9179,9180],{},[285,9181,9182],{"href":7331},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2052,9184,9185],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":9187},[9188,9189,9190,9191,9192,9193,9199,9205,9206,9214,9215,9222],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":7268,"depth":88,"text":7269},{"id":7335,"depth":88,"text":7336},{"id":7454,"depth":88,"text":7455},{"id":7649,"depth":88,"text":7650},{"id":7881,"depth":88,"text":7882,"children":9194},[9195,9196,9197,9198],{"id":7891,"depth":251,"text":7892},{"id":7985,"depth":251,"text":7986},{"id":8070,"depth":251,"text":8071},{"id":8143,"depth":251,"text":8144},{"id":8230,"depth":88,"text":8231,"children":9200},[9201,9203],{"id":8243,"depth":251,"text":9202},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8283,"depth":251,"text":9204},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8400,"depth":88,"text":8401},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":9207},[9208,9210,9211,9212],{"id":8570,"depth":251,"text":9209},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8666,"depth":251,"text":8667},{"id":8791,"depth":251,"text":8792},{"id":8898,"depth":251,"text":9213},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8990,"depth":88,"text":8991},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":9216},[9217,9218,9219,9220,9221],{"id":9105,"depth":251,"text":9106},{"id":9116,"depth":251,"text":9117},{"id":9124,"depth":251,"text":9125},{"id":9133,"depth":251,"text":9134},{"id":9142,"depth":251,"text":9143},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7096,"description":9223},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9230,"title":9231,"body":9232,"description":11419,"extension":2099,"meta":11420,"navigation":254,"path":11421,"seo":11422,"stem":11423,"__hash__":11424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9233,"toc":11381},[9234,9240,9246,9253,9258,9269,9276,9381,9385,9453,9458,9463,9468,9471,9482,9487,9490,9501,9508,9510,9515,9519,9544,9548,9557,9561,9624,9628,9661,9665,9710,9714,9751,9755,9758,9814,9818,9863,9866,9871,9910,9914,9937,9940,9954,9967,9971,9976,10043,10047,10083,10086,10094,10097,10160,10164,10196,10202,10204,10264,10271,10274,10352,10356,10389,10393,10396,10440,10444,10480,10483,10500,10503,10506,10559,10562,10573,10580,10589,10592,10650,10654,10695,10703,10711,10717,10725,10737,10742,10753,10826,10829,10841,10857,10861,10866,10870,10872,10915,10921,10924,10987,10991,10994,11003,11008,11045,11049,11052,11060,11063,11102,11106,11109,11160,11164,11185,11192,11194,11200,11226,11229,11283,11286,11297,11299,11306,11314,11320,11325,11332,11335,11342,11349,11351,11378],[10,9235,288,9237,3704],{"id":9236},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9238,9239],{},"dict()",[20,9241,9242,9243,9245],{},"The built-in ",[15,9244,9239],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9247,9248,9249,9252],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[110,9250,9251],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9254,9255,9257],{},[15,9256,9239],{}," is commonly used to:",[135,9259,9260,9263,9266],{},[138,9261,9262],{},"create an empty dictionary",[138,9264,9265],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[138,9267,9268],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9270,9271,9272,292],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[285,9273,9275],{"href":9274},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[28,9277,9279],{"className":30,"code":9278,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9280,9281,9315,9325,9329,9366],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9282,9283,9285,9287,9290,9292,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9308,9310,9313],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9284,494],{"class":43},[37,9286,48],{"class":47},[37,9288,9289],{"class":756}," dict",[37,9291,95],{"class":51},[37,9293,7790],{"class":9294},"s99_P",[37,9296,48],{"class":47},[37,9298,821],{"class":55},[37,9300,5123],{"class":59},[37,9302,821],{"class":55},[37,9304,65],{"class":51},[37,9306,9307],{"class":9294}," age",[37,9309,48],{"class":47},[37,9311,9312],{"class":122},"25",[37,9314,85],{"class":51},[37,9316,9317,9319,9321,9323],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9318,92],{"class":91},[37,9320,95],{"class":51},[37,9322,543],{"class":102},[37,9324,85],{"class":51},[37,9326,9327],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,9328,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,9330,9331,9334,9336,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,9332,9333],{"class":43},"pairs ",[37,9335,48],{"class":47},[37,9337,9338],{"class":51}," [(",[37,9340,821],{"class":55},[37,9342,285],{"class":59},[37,9344,821],{"class":55},[37,9346,65],{"class":51},[37,9348,5619],{"class":122},[37,9350,516],{"class":51},[37,9352,52],{"class":51},[37,9354,821],{"class":55},[37,9356,777],{"class":59},[37,9358,821],{"class":55},[37,9360,65],{"class":51},[37,9362,890],{"class":122},[37,9364,9365],{"class":51},")]\n",[37,9367,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9379],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,9369,92],{"class":91},[37,9371,95],{"class":51},[37,9373,8940],{"class":756},[37,9375,95],{"class":51},[37,9377,9378],{"class":102},"pairs",[37,9380,106],{"class":51},[20,9382,9383],{},[110,9384,112],{},[28,9386,9388],{"className":30,"code":9387,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9389,9390,9425],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9391,9392,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9416,9418,9420,9422],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9393,9394],{"class":51},"{",[37,9396,821],{"class":55},[37,9398,7790],{"class":59},[37,9400,821],{"class":55},[37,9402,3013],{"class":51},[37,9404,815],{"class":55},[37,9406,5123],{"class":59},[37,9408,821],{"class":55},[37,9410,65],{"class":51},[37,9412,815],{"class":55},[37,9414,9415],{"class":59},"age",[37,9417,821],{"class":55},[37,9419,3013],{"class":51},[37,9421,1653],{"class":122},[37,9423,9424],{"class":51},"}\n",[37,9426,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9428,9394],{"class":51},[37,9430,821],{"class":55},[37,9432,285],{"class":59},[37,9434,821],{"class":55},[37,9436,3013],{"class":51},[37,9438,5619],{"class":122},[37,9440,65],{"class":51},[37,9442,815],{"class":55},[37,9444,777],{"class":59},[37,9446,821],{"class":55},[37,9448,3013],{"class":51},[37,9450,890],{"class":122},[37,9452,9424],{"class":51},[20,9454,22,9455,9457],{},[15,9456,9239],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[130,9459,296,9461,3805],{"id":9460},"what-dict-does",[15,9462,9239],{},[20,9464,9465,9467],{},[15,9466,9239],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9469,9470],{},"A dictionary:",[135,9472,9473,9476,9479],{},[138,9474,9475],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[138,9477,9478],{},"lets you look up values by key",[138,9480,9481],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9483,9484,9486],{},[15,9485,9239],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9488,9489],{},"Common uses include:",[135,9491,9492,9495,9498],{},[138,9493,9494],{},"making an empty dictionary",[138,9496,9497],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[138,9499,9500],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9502,9503,9504,292],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[285,9505,9507],{"href":9506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[130,9509,159],{"id":158},[20,9511,9512,9514],{},[15,9513,9239],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[307,9516,9518],{"id":9517},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[28,9520,9522],{"className":30,"code":9521,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9523,9524,9534],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9525,9526,9528,9530,9532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9527,494],{"class":43},[37,9529,48],{"class":47},[37,9531,9289],{"class":756},[37,9533,8761],{"class":51},[37,9535,9536,9538,9540,9542],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9537,92],{"class":91},[37,9539,95],{"class":51},[37,9541,543],{"class":102},[37,9543,85],{"class":51},[20,9545,9546],{},[110,9547,112],{},[28,9549,9551],{"className":30,"code":9550,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{}\n",[15,9552,9553],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9554,9555],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9556,9550],{"class":51},[307,9558,9560],{"id":9559},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[28,9562,9564],{"className":30,"code":9563,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9565,9566,9600,9614],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9567,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9569,9333],{"class":43},[37,9571,48],{"class":47},[37,9573,9338],{"class":51},[37,9575,821],{"class":55},[37,9577,285],{"class":59},[37,9579,821],{"class":55},[37,9581,65],{"class":51},[37,9583,5619],{"class":122},[37,9585,516],{"class":51},[37,9587,52],{"class":51},[37,9589,821],{"class":55},[37,9591,777],{"class":59},[37,9593,821],{"class":55},[37,9595,65],{"class":51},[37,9597,890],{"class":122},[37,9599,9365],{"class":51},[37,9601,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9603,494],{"class":43},[37,9605,48],{"class":47},[37,9607,9289],{"class":756},[37,9609,95],{"class":51},[37,9611,9378],{"class":102},[37,9613,85],{"class":51},[37,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,9617,92],{"class":91},[37,9619,95],{"class":51},[37,9621,543],{"class":102},[37,9623,85],{"class":51},[20,9625,9626],{},[110,9627,112],{},[28,9629,9631],{"className":30,"code":9630,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9632,9633],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9634,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9636,9394],{"class":51},[37,9638,821],{"class":55},[37,9640,285],{"class":59},[37,9642,821],{"class":55},[37,9644,3013],{"class":51},[37,9646,5619],{"class":122},[37,9648,65],{"class":51},[37,9650,815],{"class":55},[37,9652,777],{"class":59},[37,9654,821],{"class":55},[37,9656,3013],{"class":51},[37,9658,890],{"class":122},[37,9660,9424],{"class":51},[307,9662,9664],{"id":9663},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[28,9666,9668],{"className":30,"code":9667,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9669,9670,9700],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9671,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9673,494],{"class":43},[37,9675,48],{"class":47},[37,9677,9289],{"class":756},[37,9679,95],{"class":51},[37,9681,7790],{"class":9294},[37,9683,48],{"class":47},[37,9685,821],{"class":55},[37,9687,5123],{"class":59},[37,9689,821],{"class":55},[37,9691,65],{"class":51},[37,9693,9307],{"class":9294},[37,9695,48],{"class":47},[37,9697,9312],{"class":122},[37,9699,85],{"class":51},[37,9701,9702,9704,9706,9708],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9703,92],{"class":91},[37,9705,95],{"class":51},[37,9707,543],{"class":102},[37,9709,85],{"class":51},[20,9711,9712],{},[110,9713,112],{},[28,9715,9717],{"className":30,"code":9716,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9718,9719],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9720,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9722,9394],{"class":51},[37,9724,821],{"class":55},[37,9726,7790],{"class":59},[37,9728,821],{"class":55},[37,9730,3013],{"class":51},[37,9732,815],{"class":55},[37,9734,5123],{"class":59},[37,9736,821],{"class":55},[37,9738,65],{"class":51},[37,9740,815],{"class":55},[37,9742,9415],{"class":59},[37,9744,821],{"class":55},[37,9746,3013],{"class":51},[37,9748,1653],{"class":122},[37,9750,9424],{"class":51},[307,9752,9754],{"id":9753},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9756,9757],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[28,9759,9761],{"className":30,"code":9760,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9762,9763,9804],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9764,9765,9767,9769,9771,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9798,9800,9802],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9766,494],{"class":43},[37,9768,48],{"class":47},[37,9770,9289],{"class":756},[37,9772,9773],{"class":51},"([(",[37,9775,821],{"class":55},[37,9777,285],{"class":59},[37,9779,821],{"class":55},[37,9781,65],{"class":51},[37,9783,5619],{"class":122},[37,9785,9786],{"class":51},")],",[37,9788,2689],{"class":9294},[37,9790,48],{"class":47},[37,9792,508],{"class":122},[37,9794,65],{"class":51},[37,9796,9797],{"class":9294}," c",[37,9799,48],{"class":47},[37,9801,1129],{"class":122},[37,9803,85],{"class":51},[37,9805,9806,9808,9810,9812],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9807,92],{"class":91},[37,9809,95],{"class":51},[37,9811,543],{"class":102},[37,9813,85],{"class":51},[20,9815,9816],{},[110,9817,112],{},[28,9819,9821],{"className":30,"code":9820,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9822,9823],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9824,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9826,9394],{"class":51},[37,9828,821],{"class":55},[37,9830,285],{"class":59},[37,9832,821],{"class":55},[37,9834,3013],{"class":51},[37,9836,5619],{"class":122},[37,9838,65],{"class":51},[37,9840,815],{"class":55},[37,9842,777],{"class":59},[37,9844,821],{"class":55},[37,9846,3013],{"class":51},[37,9848,890],{"class":122},[37,9850,65],{"class":51},[37,9852,815],{"class":55},[37,9854,1754],{"class":59},[37,9856,821],{"class":55},[37,9858,3013],{"class":51},[37,9860,513],{"class":122},[37,9862,9424],{"class":51},[130,9864,9518],{"id":9865},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9867,22,9868,9870],{},[15,9869,9239],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[28,9872,9874],{"className":30,"code":9873,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9875,9876,9886,9900],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9877,9878,9880,9882,9884],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9879,494],{"class":43},[37,9881,48],{"class":47},[37,9883,9289],{"class":756},[37,9885,8761],{"class":51},[37,9887,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9889,92],{"class":91},[37,9891,95],{"class":51},[37,9893,757],{"class":756},[37,9895,95],{"class":51},[37,9897,543],{"class":102},[37,9899,106],{"class":51},[37,9901,9902,9904,9906,9908],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,9903,92],{"class":91},[37,9905,95],{"class":51},[37,9907,543],{"class":102},[37,9909,85],{"class":51},[20,9911,9912],{},[110,9913,112],{},[28,9915,9917],{"className":30,"code":9916,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9918,9919,9933],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9920,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9922,808],{"class":47},[37,9924,812],{"class":811},[37,9926,815],{"class":55},[37,9928,8940],{"class":59},[37,9930,821],{"class":55},[37,9932,824],{"class":47},[37,9934,9935],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,9936,9550],{"class":51},[20,9938,9939],{},"This gives the same result as:",[28,9941,9943],{"className":30,"code":9942,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {}\n",[15,9944,9945],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9946,9947,9949,9951],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9948,494],{"class":43},[37,9950,48],{"class":47},[37,9952,9953],{"class":51}," {}\n",[20,9955,9956,9957,9959,9960,9963,9964,9966],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9958,3918],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9961,9962],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9965,9239],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[130,9968,9970],{"id":9969},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9972,9973,9974,292],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9975,9239],{},[28,9977,9979],{"className":30,"code":9978,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9980,9981,10019,10033],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,9982,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,9984,9333],{"class":43},[37,9986,48],{"class":47},[37,9988,9338],{"class":51},[37,9990,821],{"class":55},[37,9992,7790],{"class":59},[37,9994,821],{"class":55},[37,9996,65],{"class":51},[37,9998,815],{"class":55},[37,10000,5123],{"class":59},[37,10002,821],{"class":55},[37,10004,516],{"class":51},[37,10006,52],{"class":51},[37,10008,821],{"class":55},[37,10010,9415],{"class":59},[37,10012,821],{"class":55},[37,10014,65],{"class":51},[37,10016,1653],{"class":122},[37,10018,9365],{"class":51},[37,10020,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10022,494],{"class":43},[37,10024,48],{"class":47},[37,10026,9289],{"class":756},[37,10028,95],{"class":51},[37,10030,9378],{"class":102},[37,10032,85],{"class":51},[37,10034,10035,10037,10039,10041],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,10036,92],{"class":91},[37,10038,95],{"class":51},[37,10040,543],{"class":102},[37,10042,85],{"class":51},[20,10044,10045],{},[110,10046,112],{},[28,10048,10049],{"className":30,"code":9716,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,10050,10051],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10052,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10054,9394],{"class":51},[37,10056,821],{"class":55},[37,10058,7790],{"class":59},[37,10060,821],{"class":55},[37,10062,3013],{"class":51},[37,10064,815],{"class":55},[37,10066,5123],{"class":59},[37,10068,821],{"class":55},[37,10070,65],{"class":51},[37,10072,815],{"class":55},[37,10074,9415],{"class":59},[37,10076,821],{"class":55},[37,10078,3013],{"class":51},[37,10080,1653],{"class":122},[37,10082,9424],{"class":51},[20,10084,10085],{},"Each pair becomes:",[135,10087,10088,10091],{},[138,10089,10090],{},"the first item as the key",[138,10092,10093],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10095,10096],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[28,10098,10100],{"className":30,"code":10099,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10101,10102,10136,10150],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10103,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10105,9333],{"class":43},[37,10107,48],{"class":47},[37,10109,1116],{"class":51},[37,10111,821],{"class":55},[37,10113,285],{"class":59},[37,10115,821],{"class":55},[37,10117,65],{"class":51},[37,10119,5619],{"class":122},[37,10121,516],{"class":51},[37,10123,52],{"class":51},[37,10125,821],{"class":55},[37,10127,777],{"class":59},[37,10129,821],{"class":55},[37,10131,65],{"class":51},[37,10133,890],{"class":122},[37,10135,106],{"class":51},[37,10137,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10139,494],{"class":43},[37,10141,48],{"class":47},[37,10143,9289],{"class":756},[37,10145,95],{"class":51},[37,10147,9378],{"class":102},[37,10149,85],{"class":51},[37,10151,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,10153,92],{"class":91},[37,10155,95],{"class":51},[37,10157,543],{"class":102},[37,10159,85],{"class":51},[20,10161,10162],{},[110,10163,112],{},[28,10165,10166],{"className":30,"code":9630,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,10167,10168],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10169,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10171,9394],{"class":51},[37,10173,821],{"class":55},[37,10175,285],{"class":59},[37,10177,821],{"class":55},[37,10179,3013],{"class":51},[37,10181,5619],{"class":122},[37,10183,65],{"class":51},[37,10185,815],{"class":55},[37,10187,777],{"class":59},[37,10189,821],{"class":55},[37,10191,3013],{"class":51},[37,10193,890],{"class":122},[37,10195,9424],{"class":51},[20,10197,10198,10199,292],{},"Each item must contain ",[110,10200,10201],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10203,2964],{},[28,10205,10207],{"className":30,"code":10206,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10208,10209,10249],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10210,10211,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10212,10213],{"class":43},"bad_data ",[37,10215,48],{"class":47},[37,10217,9338],{"class":51},[37,10219,821],{"class":55},[37,10221,285],{"class":59},[37,10223,821],{"class":55},[37,10225,65],{"class":51},[37,10227,5619],{"class":122},[37,10229,65],{"class":51},[37,10231,10232],{"class":122}," 100",[37,10234,516],{"class":51},[37,10236,52],{"class":51},[37,10238,821],{"class":55},[37,10240,777],{"class":59},[37,10242,821],{"class":55},[37,10244,65],{"class":51},[37,10246,890],{"class":122},[37,10248,9365],{"class":51},[37,10250,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10262],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10252,2362],{"class":43},[37,10254,48],{"class":47},[37,10256,9289],{"class":756},[37,10258,95],{"class":51},[37,10260,10261],{"class":102},"bad_data",[37,10263,85],{"class":51},[20,10265,10266,10267,10270],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10268,10269],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10272,10273],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[28,10275,10277],{"className":30,"code":10276,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10278,10279,10328,10342],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10280,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10282,9333],{"class":43},[37,10284,48],{"class":47},[37,10286,9338],{"class":51},[37,10288,821],{"class":55},[37,10290,285],{"class":59},[37,10292,821],{"class":55},[37,10294,65],{"class":51},[37,10296,5619],{"class":122},[37,10298,516],{"class":51},[37,10300,52],{"class":51},[37,10302,821],{"class":55},[37,10304,285],{"class":59},[37,10306,821],{"class":55},[37,10308,65],{"class":51},[37,10310,10311],{"class":122}," 99",[37,10313,516],{"class":51},[37,10315,52],{"class":51},[37,10317,821],{"class":55},[37,10319,777],{"class":59},[37,10321,821],{"class":55},[37,10323,65],{"class":51},[37,10325,890],{"class":122},[37,10327,9365],{"class":51},[37,10329,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10331,494],{"class":43},[37,10333,48],{"class":47},[37,10335,9289],{"class":756},[37,10337,95],{"class":51},[37,10339,9378],{"class":102},[37,10341,85],{"class":51},[37,10343,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,10345,92],{"class":91},[37,10347,95],{"class":51},[37,10349,543],{"class":102},[37,10351,85],{"class":51},[20,10353,10354],{},[110,10355,112],{},[28,10357,10359],{"className":30,"code":10358,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10360,10361],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10362,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10364,9394],{"class":51},[37,10366,821],{"class":55},[37,10368,285],{"class":59},[37,10370,821],{"class":55},[37,10372,3013],{"class":51},[37,10374,10311],{"class":122},[37,10376,65],{"class":51},[37,10378,815],{"class":55},[37,10380,777],{"class":59},[37,10382,821],{"class":55},[37,10384,3013],{"class":51},[37,10386,890],{"class":122},[37,10388,9424],{"class":51},[130,10390,10392],{"id":10391},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10394,10395],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[28,10397,10398],{"className":30,"code":9667,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,10399,10400,10430],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10401,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10403,494],{"class":43},[37,10405,48],{"class":47},[37,10407,9289],{"class":756},[37,10409,95],{"class":51},[37,10411,7790],{"class":9294},[37,10413,48],{"class":47},[37,10415,821],{"class":55},[37,10417,5123],{"class":59},[37,10419,821],{"class":55},[37,10421,65],{"class":51},[37,10423,9307],{"class":9294},[37,10425,48],{"class":47},[37,10427,9312],{"class":122},[37,10429,85],{"class":51},[37,10431,10432,10434,10436,10438],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10433,92],{"class":91},[37,10435,95],{"class":51},[37,10437,543],{"class":102},[37,10439,85],{"class":51},[20,10441,10442],{},[110,10443,112],{},[28,10445,10446],{"className":30,"code":9716,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,10447,10448],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10449,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10451,9394],{"class":51},[37,10453,821],{"class":55},[37,10455,7790],{"class":59},[37,10457,821],{"class":55},[37,10459,3013],{"class":51},[37,10461,815],{"class":55},[37,10463,5123],{"class":59},[37,10465,821],{"class":55},[37,10467,65],{"class":51},[37,10469,815],{"class":55},[37,10471,9415],{"class":59},[37,10473,821],{"class":55},[37,10475,3013],{"class":51},[37,10477,1653],{"class":122},[37,10479,9424],{"class":51},[20,10481,10482],{},"In this form:",[135,10484,10485,10493],{},[138,10486,10487,10489,10490],{},[15,10488,7790],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10491,10492],{},"'name'",[138,10494,10495,10489,10497],{},[15,10496,9415],{},[15,10498,10499],{},"'age'",[20,10501,10502],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10504,10505],{},"Valid examples:",[28,10507,10509],{"className":30,"code":10508,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10510,10511,10549],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10512,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10524,10526,10528,10531,10533,10535,10538,10540,10542,10545,10547],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10514,494],{"class":43},[37,10516,48],{"class":47},[37,10518,9289],{"class":756},[37,10520,95],{"class":51},[37,10522,10523],{"class":9294},"city",[37,10525,48],{"class":47},[37,10527,821],{"class":55},[37,10529,10530],{"class":59},"Paris",[37,10532,821],{"class":55},[37,10534,65],{"class":51},[37,10536,10537],{"class":9294}," country",[37,10539,48],{"class":47},[37,10541,821],{"class":55},[37,10543,10544],{"class":59},"France",[37,10546,821],{"class":55},[37,10548,85],{"class":51},[37,10550,10551,10553,10555,10557],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10552,92],{"class":91},[37,10554,95],{"class":51},[37,10556,543],{"class":102},[37,10558,85],{"class":51},[20,10560,10561],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[135,10563,10564,10567,10570],{},[138,10565,10566],{},"spaces",[138,10568,10569],{},"hyphens",[138,10571,10572],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10574,10575,10576,10579],{},"For example, this is ",[110,10577,10578],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[28,10581,10583],{"className":30,"code":10582,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10584,10585],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10586,10587],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10588,10582],{"class":3788},[20,10590,10591],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[28,10593,10595],{"className":30,"code":10594,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10596,10597,10640],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10598,10599,10601,10603,10606,10608,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10600,494],{"class":43},[37,10602,48],{"class":47},[37,10604,10605],{"class":51}," {",[37,10607,821],{"class":55},[37,10609,10610],{"class":59},"first-name",[37,10612,821],{"class":55},[37,10614,3013],{"class":51},[37,10616,815],{"class":55},[37,10618,7799],{"class":59},[37,10620,821],{"class":55},[37,10622,65],{"class":51},[37,10624,815],{"class":55},[37,10626,10627],{"class":59},"first name",[37,10629,821],{"class":55},[37,10631,3013],{"class":51},[37,10633,815],{"class":55},[37,10635,7799],{"class":59},[37,10637,821],{"class":55},[37,10639,9424],{"class":51},[37,10641,10642,10644,10646,10648],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10643,92],{"class":91},[37,10645,95],{"class":51},[37,10647,543],{"class":102},[37,10649,85],{"class":51},[20,10651,10652],{},[110,10653,112],{},[28,10655,10657],{"className":30,"code":10656,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10658,10659],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10660,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10662,9394],{"class":51},[37,10664,821],{"class":55},[37,10666,10610],{"class":59},[37,10668,821],{"class":55},[37,10670,3013],{"class":51},[37,10672,815],{"class":55},[37,10674,7799],{"class":59},[37,10676,821],{"class":55},[37,10678,65],{"class":51},[37,10680,815],{"class":55},[37,10682,10627],{"class":59},[37,10684,821],{"class":55},[37,10686,3013],{"class":51},[37,10688,815],{"class":55},[37,10690,7799],{"class":59},[37,10692,821],{"class":55},[37,10694,9424],{"class":51},[130,10696,10698,10700,10701],{"id":10697},"dict-vs",[15,10699,9239],{}," vs ",[15,10702,3918],{},[20,10704,10705,10706,851,10708,10710],{},"Both ",[15,10707,9239],{},[15,10709,3918],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[307,10712,22,10714,10716],{"id":10713},"use-when",[15,10715,3918],{}," when:",[135,10718,10719,10722],{},[138,10720,10721],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[138,10723,10724],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[28,10726,10727],{"className":30,"code":9942,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,10728,10729],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10730,10731,10733,10735],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10732,494],{"class":43},[37,10734,48],{"class":47},[37,10736,9953],{"class":51},[307,10738,22,10740,10716],{"id":10739},"use-dict-when",[15,10741,9239],{},[135,10743,10744,10747,10750],{},[138,10745,10746],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[138,10748,10749],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[138,10751,10752],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[28,10754,10756],{"className":30,"code":10755,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10757,10758,10795],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10759,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10761,494],{"class":43},[37,10763,48],{"class":47},[37,10765,9289],{"class":756},[37,10767,9773],{"class":51},[37,10769,821],{"class":55},[37,10771,285],{"class":59},[37,10773,821],{"class":55},[37,10775,65],{"class":51},[37,10777,5619],{"class":122},[37,10779,516],{"class":51},[37,10781,52],{"class":51},[37,10783,821],{"class":55},[37,10785,777],{"class":59},[37,10787,821],{"class":55},[37,10789,65],{"class":51},[37,10791,890],{"class":122},[37,10793,10794],{"class":51},")])\n",[37,10796,10797,10800,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10816,10818,10820,10822,10824],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10798,10799],{"class":43},"info ",[37,10801,48],{"class":47},[37,10803,9289],{"class":756},[37,10805,95],{"class":51},[37,10807,7790],{"class":9294},[37,10809,48],{"class":47},[37,10811,821],{"class":55},[37,10813,5123],{"class":59},[37,10815,821],{"class":55},[37,10817,65],{"class":51},[37,10819,9307],{"class":9294},[37,10821,48],{"class":47},[37,10823,9312],{"class":122},[37,10825,85],{"class":51},[20,10827,10828],{},"So:",[135,10830,10831,10836],{},[138,10832,10833,10835],{},[15,10834,3918],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[138,10837,10838,10840],{},[15,10839,9239],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10842,10843,10844,10848,10849,292],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[285,10845,10847],{"href":10846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[285,10850,10852,10853,10856],{"href":10851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10854,10855],{},"get()"," method",[130,10858,10860],{"id":10859},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10862,10863,10864,292],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10865,9239],{},[307,10867,10869],{"id":10868},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10871,4645],{},[28,10873,10875],{"className":30,"code":10874,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10876,10877,10901],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10880,670],{"class":43},[37,10882,48],{"class":47},[37,10884,519],{"class":51},[37,10886,821],{"class":55},[37,10888,285],{"class":59},[37,10890,821],{"class":55},[37,10892,65],{"class":51},[37,10894,815],{"class":55},[37,10896,777],{"class":59},[37,10898,821],{"class":55},[37,10900,3760],{"class":51},[37,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10904,494],{"class":43},[37,10906,48],{"class":47},[37,10908,9289],{"class":756},[37,10910,95],{"class":51},[37,10912,687],{"class":102},[37,10914,85],{"class":51},[20,10916,10917,10918,292],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10919,10920],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10922,10923],{},"Correct version:",[28,10925,10927],{"className":30,"code":10926,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10928,10929,10963,10977],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,10930,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,10932,670],{"class":43},[37,10934,48],{"class":47},[37,10936,9338],{"class":51},[37,10938,821],{"class":55},[37,10940,285],{"class":59},[37,10942,821],{"class":55},[37,10944,65],{"class":51},[37,10946,5619],{"class":122},[37,10948,516],{"class":51},[37,10950,52],{"class":51},[37,10952,821],{"class":55},[37,10954,777],{"class":59},[37,10956,821],{"class":55},[37,10958,65],{"class":51},[37,10960,890],{"class":122},[37,10962,9365],{"class":51},[37,10964,10965,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,10966,494],{"class":43},[37,10968,48],{"class":47},[37,10970,9289],{"class":756},[37,10972,95],{"class":51},[37,10974,687],{"class":102},[37,10976,85],{"class":51},[37,10978,10979,10981,10983,10985],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,10980,92],{"class":91},[37,10982,95],{"class":51},[37,10984,543],{"class":102},[37,10986,85],{"class":51},[307,10988,10990],{"id":10989},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10992,10993],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[28,10995,10997],{"className":30,"code":10996,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10998,10999],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11000,11001],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11002,10996],{"class":3788},[20,11004,11005,11006,3013],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11007,48],{},[28,11009,11011],{"className":30,"code":11010,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11012,11013,11035],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11014,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11016,494],{"class":43},[37,11018,48],{"class":47},[37,11020,9289],{"class":756},[37,11022,95],{"class":51},[37,11024,7790],{"class":9294},[37,11026,48],{"class":47},[37,11028,821],{"class":55},[37,11030,5123],{"class":59},[37,11032,821],{"class":55},[37,11034,85],{"class":51},[37,11036,11037,11039,11041,11043],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11038,92],{"class":91},[37,11040,95],{"class":51},[37,11042,543],{"class":102},[37,11044,85],{"class":51},[307,11046,11048],{"id":11047},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11050,11051],{},"This will not work:",[28,11053,11054],{"className":30,"code":10582,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,11055,11056],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11057,11058],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11059,10582],{"class":3788},[20,11061,11062],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[28,11064,11066],{"className":30,"code":11065,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11067,11068,11092],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11069,11070,11072,11074,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11071,494],{"class":43},[37,11073,48],{"class":47},[37,11075,10605],{"class":51},[37,11077,821],{"class":55},[37,11079,10610],{"class":59},[37,11081,821],{"class":55},[37,11083,3013],{"class":51},[37,11085,815],{"class":55},[37,11087,7799],{"class":59},[37,11089,821],{"class":55},[37,11091,9424],{"class":51},[37,11093,11094,11096,11098,11100],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11095,92],{"class":91},[37,11097,95],{"class":51},[37,11099,543],{"class":102},[37,11101,85],{"class":51},[307,11103,11105],{"id":11104},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11107,11108],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[28,11110,11112],{"className":30,"code":11111,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11113,11114,11150],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11115,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11117,494],{"class":43},[37,11119,48],{"class":47},[37,11121,9289],{"class":756},[37,11123,9773],{"class":51},[37,11125,821],{"class":55},[37,11127,900],{"class":59},[37,11129,821],{"class":55},[37,11131,65],{"class":51},[37,11133,5619],{"class":122},[37,11135,516],{"class":51},[37,11137,52],{"class":51},[37,11139,821],{"class":55},[37,11141,900],{"class":59},[37,11143,821],{"class":55},[37,11145,65],{"class":51},[37,11147,890],{"class":122},[37,11149,10794],{"class":51},[37,11151,11152,11154,11156,11158],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11153,92],{"class":91},[37,11155,95],{"class":51},[37,11157,543],{"class":102},[37,11159,85],{"class":51},[20,11161,11162],{},[110,11163,112],{},[28,11165,11167],{"className":30,"code":11166,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11168,11169],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11170,11171,11173,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11172,9394],{"class":51},[37,11174,821],{"class":55},[37,11176,900],{"class":59},[37,11178,821],{"class":55},[37,11180,3013],{"class":51},[37,11182,890],{"class":122},[37,11184,9424],{"class":51},[20,11186,11187,11188,292],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[285,11189,11191],{"href":11190},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[130,11193,1854],{"id":1853},[20,11195,11196,11197,11199],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11198,9239],{}," include:",[135,11201,11202,11211,11217,11220],{},[138,11203,11204,11205,1866,11208],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11206,11207],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11209,11210],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[138,11212,11213,11214],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11215,11216],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[138,11218,11219],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[138,11221,11222,11223,11225],{},"confusing ",[15,11224,9239],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11227,11228],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[28,11230,11232],{"className":30,"code":11231,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11233,11234,11248,11258,11269],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11235,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11237,92],{"class":91},[37,11239,95],{"class":51},[37,11241,757],{"class":756},[37,11243,95],{"class":51},[37,11245,543],{"class":102},[37,11247,106],{"class":51},[37,11249,11250,11252,11254,11256],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11251,92],{"class":91},[37,11253,95],{"class":51},[37,11255,543],{"class":102},[37,11257,85],{"class":51},[37,11259,11260,11262,11264,11267],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,11261,92],{"class":91},[37,11263,95],{"class":51},[37,11265,11266],{"class":102},"list_of_pairs",[37,11268,85],{"class":51},[37,11270,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,11272,92],{"class":91},[37,11274,95],{"class":51},[37,11276,17],{"class":91},[37,11278,95],{"class":51},[37,11280,11266],{"class":102},[37,11282,106],{"class":51},[20,11284,11285],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[135,11287,11288,11291,11294],{},[138,11289,11290],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[138,11292,11293],{},"what data is being passed in",[138,11295,11296],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[130,11298,1969],{"id":1968},[307,11300,5300,11302,851,11304,2623],{"id":11301},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11303,9239],{},[15,11305,3918],{},[20,11307,11308,11310,11311,11313],{},[15,11309,3918],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11312,9239],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[307,11315,5290,11317,11319],{"id":11316},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11318,9239],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11321,11322,11323,292],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11324,11210],{},[307,11326,5278,11328,11331],{"id":11327},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11329,11330],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11333,11334],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[307,11336,11338,11339,11341],{"id":11337},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11340,9239],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11343,11344,11345,11348],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11346,11347],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[130,11350,2025],{"id":2024},[135,11352,11353,11358,11362,11367,11373],{},[138,11354,11355],{},[285,11356,11357],{"href":9506},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[138,11359,11360],{},[285,11361,9275],{"href":9274},[138,11363,11364],{},[285,11365,11366],{"href":10846},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[138,11368,11369],{},[285,11370,10852,11371,10856],{"href":10851},[15,11372,10855],{},[138,11374,11375],{},[285,11376,11377],{"href":11190},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2052,11379,11380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":11382},[11383,11385,11391,11392,11393,11394,11401,11407,11408,11418],{"id":9460,"depth":88,"text":11384},"What dict() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":11386},[11387,11388,11389,11390],{"id":9517,"depth":251,"text":9518},{"id":9559,"depth":251,"text":9560},{"id":9663,"depth":251,"text":9664},{"id":9753,"depth":251,"text":9754},{"id":9865,"depth":88,"text":9518},{"id":9969,"depth":88,"text":9970},{"id":10391,"depth":88,"text":10392},{"id":10697,"depth":88,"text":11395,"children":11396},"dict() vs {}",[11397,11399],{"id":10713,"depth":251,"text":11398},"Use {} when:",{"id":10739,"depth":251,"text":11400},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10859,"depth":88,"text":10860,"children":11402},[11403,11404,11405,11406],{"id":10868,"depth":251,"text":10869},{"id":10989,"depth":251,"text":10990},{"id":11047,"depth":251,"text":11048},{"id":11104,"depth":251,"text":11105},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":11409},[11410,11412,11414,11416],{"id":11301,"depth":251,"text":11411},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11316,"depth":251,"text":11413},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11327,"depth":251,"text":11415},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11337,"depth":251,"text":11417},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9231,"description":11419},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11426,"title":11427,"body":11428,"description":12934,"extension":2099,"meta":12935,"navigation":254,"path":12936,"seo":12937,"stem":12938,"__hash__":12939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11429,"toc":12903},[11430,11438,11444,11451,11453,11514,11519,11524,11529,11547,11550,11554,11556,11572,11574,11587,11591,11594,11726,11728,11795,11798,11814,11819,11825,11828,11909,11911,11925,11929,11935,12000,12002,12010,12013,12036,12042,12105,12111,12114,12128,12141,12145,12156,12161,12172,12179,12183,12189,12311,12313,12339,12342,12359,12362,12473,12475,12524,12526,12539,12548,12553,12558,12569,12571,12674,12697,12699,12703,12722,12725,12783,12786,12812,12814,12820,12823,12829,12833,12840,12848,12854,12857,12859,12900],[10,11431,11433,11434,11437],{"id":11432},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11435,11436],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11439,11440,11443],{},[15,11441,11442],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11445,11446,11447,11450],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[110,11448,11449],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[130,11452,2140],{"id":2139},[28,11454,11456],{"className":30,"code":11455,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11457,11458,11490,11501],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11459,11460,11462,11464,11466,11468,11470,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484,11486,11488],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11461,494],{"class":43},[37,11463,48],{"class":47},[37,11465,10605],{"class":51},[37,11467,56],{"class":55},[37,11469,285],{"class":59},[37,11471,56],{"class":55},[37,11473,3013],{"class":51},[37,11475,5619],{"class":122},[37,11477,65],{"class":51},[37,11479,68],{"class":55},[37,11481,777],{"class":59},[37,11483,56],{"class":55},[37,11485,3013],{"class":51},[37,11487,890],{"class":122},[37,11489,9424],{"class":51},[37,11491,11492,11494,11496,11499],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11493,543],{"class":43},[37,11495,292],{"class":51},[37,11497,11498],{"class":102},"clear",[37,11500,8761],{"class":51},[37,11502,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,11504,92],{"class":91},[37,11506,95],{"class":51},[37,11508,543],{"class":102},[37,11510,18],{"class":51},[37,11512,11513],{"class":3788},"  # {}\n",[20,11515,11516,11518],{},[15,11517,11436],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[130,11520,296,11522,3805],{"id":11521},"what-clear-does",[15,11523,11436],{},[20,11525,1531,11526,11528],{},[15,11527,11436],{}," method:",[135,11530,11531,11534,11537,11542],{},[138,11532,11533],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[138,11535,11536],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[138,11538,11539,11540],{},"Returns ",[15,11541,3904],{},[138,11543,11544,11545],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11546,3918],{},[20,11548,11549],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11551,9271,11552,292],{},[285,11553,9275],{"href":9274},[130,11555,159],{"id":158},[28,11557,11559],{"className":30,"code":11558,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11560,11561],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11562,11563,11566,11568,11570],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11564,11565],{"class":43},"my_dict",[37,11567,292],{"class":51},[37,11569,11498],{"class":102},[37,11571,8761],{"class":51},[20,11573,181],{},[135,11575,11576,11581,11584],{},[138,11577,11578,11580],{},[15,11579,11436],{}," takes no arguments",[138,11582,11583],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[138,11585,11586],{},"It empties that dictionary",[130,11588,11590],{"id":11589},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11592,11593],{},"Here is a basic example:",[28,11595,11597],{"className":30,"code":11596,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11598,11599,11608,11629,11643,11660,11664,11668,11688,11692,11702,11706],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11600,11601,11603,11605],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11602,1637],{"class":43},[37,11604,48],{"class":47},[37,11606,11607],{"class":51}," {\n",[37,11609,11610,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621,11624,11626],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11611,11612],{"class":55},"    \"",[37,11614,7790],{"class":59},[37,11616,56],{"class":55},[37,11618,3013],{"class":51},[37,11620,68],{"class":55},[37,11622,11623],{"class":59},"Maya",[37,11625,56],{"class":55},[37,11627,11628],{"class":51},",\n",[37,11630,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,11632,11612],{"class":55},[37,11634,9415],{"class":59},[37,11636,56],{"class":55},[37,11638,3013],{"class":51},[37,11640,1653],{"class":122},[37,11642,11628],{"class":51},[37,11644,11645,11647,11649,11651,11653,11655,11658],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,11646,11612],{"class":55},[37,11648,10523],{"class":59},[37,11650,56],{"class":55},[37,11652,3013],{"class":51},[37,11654,68],{"class":55},[37,11656,11657],{"class":59},"Berlin",[37,11659,3484],{"class":55},[37,11661,11662],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,11663,9424],{"class":51},[37,11665,11666],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,11667,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,11669,11670,11672,11674,11676,11679,11681,11683,11686],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,11671,92],{"class":91},[37,11673,95],{"class":51},[37,11675,56],{"class":55},[37,11677,11678],{"class":59},"Before:",[37,11680,56],{"class":55},[37,11682,65],{"class":51},[37,11684,11685],{"class":102}," user",[37,11687,85],{"class":51},[37,11689,11690],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,11691,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,11693,11694,11696,11698,11700],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,11695,1679],{"class":43},[37,11697,292],{"class":51},[37,11699,11498],{"class":102},[37,11701,8761],{"class":51},[37,11703,11704],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,11705,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11718,11720,11722,11724],{"class":39,"line":11708},11,[37,11710,92],{"class":91},[37,11712,95],{"class":51},[37,11714,56],{"class":55},[37,11716,11717],{"class":59},"After:",[37,11719,56],{"class":55},[37,11721,65],{"class":51},[37,11723,11685],{"class":102},[37,11725,85],{"class":51},[20,11727,5681],{},[28,11729,11731],{"className":30,"code":11730,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11732,11733,11786],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11734,11735,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11736,11737],{"class":43},"Before",[37,11739,3013],{"class":51},[37,11741,10605],{"class":51},[37,11743,821],{"class":55},[37,11745,7790],{"class":59},[37,11747,821],{"class":55},[37,11749,3013],{"class":51},[37,11751,815],{"class":55},[37,11753,11623],{"class":59},[37,11755,821],{"class":55},[37,11757,65],{"class":51},[37,11759,815],{"class":55},[37,11761,9415],{"class":59},[37,11763,821],{"class":55},[37,11765,3013],{"class":51},[37,11767,1653],{"class":122},[37,11769,65],{"class":51},[37,11771,815],{"class":55},[37,11773,10523],{"class":59},[37,11775,821],{"class":55},[37,11777,3013],{"class":51},[37,11779,815],{"class":55},[37,11781,11657],{"class":59},[37,11783,821],{"class":55},[37,11785,9424],{"class":51},[37,11787,11788,11791,11793],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11789,11790],{"class":43},"After",[37,11792,3013],{"class":51},[37,11794,9953],{"class":51},[20,11796,11797],{},"What happens here:",[135,11799,11800,11805,11811],{},[138,11801,11802,11804],{},[15,11803,1679],{}," starts with three items",[138,11806,11807,11810],{},[15,11808,11809],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[138,11812,11813],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[130,11815,296,11817,149],{"id":11816},"what-clear-returns",[15,11818,11436],{},[20,11820,11821,2530,11823,292],{},[15,11822,11436],{},[15,11824,3904],{},[20,11826,11827],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[28,11829,11831],{"className":30,"code":11830,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11832,11833,11866,11870,11885,11889,11899],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11834,11835,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11836,11837],{"class":43},"my_dict ",[37,11839,48],{"class":47},[37,11841,10605],{"class":51},[37,11843,56],{"class":55},[37,11845,900],{"class":59},[37,11847,56],{"class":55},[37,11849,3013],{"class":51},[37,11851,5619],{"class":122},[37,11853,65],{"class":51},[37,11855,68],{"class":55},[37,11857,909],{"class":59},[37,11859,56],{"class":55},[37,11861,3013],{"class":51},[37,11863,890],{"class":122},[37,11865,9424],{"class":51},[37,11867,11868],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11869,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,11871,11872,11874,11876,11879,11881,11883],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,11873,2362],{"class":43},[37,11875,48],{"class":47},[37,11877,11878],{"class":43}," my_dict",[37,11880,292],{"class":51},[37,11882,11498],{"class":102},[37,11884,8761],{"class":51},[37,11886,11887],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,11888,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,11890,11891,11893,11895,11897],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,11892,92],{"class":91},[37,11894,95],{"class":51},[37,11896,2397],{"class":102},[37,11898,85],{"class":51},[37,11900,11901,11903,11905,11907],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,11902,92],{"class":91},[37,11904,95],{"class":51},[37,11906,11565],{"class":102},[37,11908,85],{"class":51},[20,11910,112],{},[28,11912,11914],{"className":30,"code":11913,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"None\n{}\n",[15,11915,11916,11921],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11917,11918],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11919,11920],{"class":3977},"None\n",[37,11922,11923],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11924,9550],{"class":51},[307,11926,11928],{"id":11927},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11930,11931,11932,11934],{},"Do ",[110,11933,711],{}," do this:",[28,11936,11938],{"className":30,"code":11937,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11939,11940,11972,11986,11990],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,11941,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,11943,11837],{"class":43},[37,11945,48],{"class":47},[37,11947,10605],{"class":51},[37,11949,56],{"class":55},[37,11951,900],{"class":59},[37,11953,56],{"class":55},[37,11955,3013],{"class":51},[37,11957,5619],{"class":122},[37,11959,65],{"class":51},[37,11961,68],{"class":55},[37,11963,909],{"class":59},[37,11965,56],{"class":55},[37,11967,3013],{"class":51},[37,11969,890],{"class":122},[37,11971,9424],{"class":51},[37,11973,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,11975,11837],{"class":43},[37,11977,48],{"class":47},[37,11979,11878],{"class":43},[37,11981,292],{"class":51},[37,11983,11498],{"class":102},[37,11985,8761],{"class":51},[37,11987,11988],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,11989,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,11991,11992,11994,11996,11998],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,11993,92],{"class":91},[37,11995,95],{"class":51},[37,11997,11565],{"class":102},[37,11999,85],{"class":51},[20,12001,112],{},[28,12003,12004],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,12005,12006],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12007,12008],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12009,11920],{"class":3977},[20,12011,12012],{},"Why this happens:",[135,12014,12015,12021,12026],{},[138,12016,12017,12020],{},[15,12018,12019],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[138,12022,12023,12024],{},"The method returns ",[15,12025,3904],{},[138,12027,12028,12029,12032,12033,12035],{},"Then ",[15,12030,12031],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12034,3904],{}," in the variable",[20,12037,12038,12039,12041],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12040,11436],{}," by itself:",[28,12043,12045],{"className":30,"code":12044,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12046,12047,12079,12089,12093],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12048,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075,12077],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12050,11837],{"class":43},[37,12052,48],{"class":47},[37,12054,10605],{"class":51},[37,12056,56],{"class":55},[37,12058,900],{"class":59},[37,12060,56],{"class":55},[37,12062,3013],{"class":51},[37,12064,5619],{"class":122},[37,12066,65],{"class":51},[37,12068,68],{"class":55},[37,12070,909],{"class":59},[37,12072,56],{"class":55},[37,12074,3013],{"class":51},[37,12076,890],{"class":122},[37,12078,9424],{"class":51},[37,12080,12081,12083,12085,12087],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12082,11565],{"class":43},[37,12084,292],{"class":51},[37,12086,11498],{"class":102},[37,12088,8761],{"class":51},[37,12090,12091],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12092,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12094,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,12096,92],{"class":91},[37,12098,95],{"class":51},[37,12100,11565],{"class":102},[37,12102,18],{"class":51},[37,12104,11513],{"class":3788},[130,12106,12108,12110],{"id":12107},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12109,11436],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12112,12113],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[28,12115,12116],{"className":30,"code":11558,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,12117,12118],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12119,12120,12122,12124,12126],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12121,11565],{"class":43},[37,12123,292],{"class":51},[37,12125,11498],{"class":102},[37,12127,8761],{"class":51},[28,12129,12131],{"className":30,"code":12130,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12132,12133],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12134,12135,12137,12139],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12136,11837],{"class":43},[37,12138,48],{"class":47},[37,12140,9953],{"class":51},[307,12142,12143],{"id":11498},[15,12144,11436],{},[135,12146,12147,12150,12153],{},[138,12148,12149],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[138,12151,12152],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[138,12154,12155],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[307,12157,12158],{"id":11565},[15,12159,12160],{},"my_dict = {}",[135,12162,12163,12166,12169],{},[138,12164,12165],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[138,12167,12168],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[138,12170,12171],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12173,12174,12175,292],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[285,12176,12178],{"href":12177},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[130,12180,12182],{"id":12181},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12184,12185,12186,12188],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12187,11436],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[28,12190,12192],{"className":30,"code":12191,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12193,12194,12227,12237,12241,12252,12256,12276,12296],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12195,12196,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12197,12198],{"class":43},"original ",[37,12200,48],{"class":47},[37,12202,10605],{"class":51},[37,12204,56],{"class":55},[37,12206,285],{"class":59},[37,12208,56],{"class":55},[37,12210,3013],{"class":51},[37,12212,5619],{"class":122},[37,12214,65],{"class":51},[37,12216,68],{"class":55},[37,12218,777],{"class":59},[37,12220,56],{"class":55},[37,12222,3013],{"class":51},[37,12224,890],{"class":122},[37,12226,9424],{"class":51},[37,12228,12229,12232,12234],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12230,12231],{"class":43},"other_ref ",[37,12233,48],{"class":47},[37,12235,12236],{"class":43}," original\n",[37,12238,12239],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12240,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12242,12243,12246,12248,12250],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,12244,12245],{"class":43},"original",[37,12247,292],{"class":51},[37,12249,11498],{"class":102},[37,12251,8761],{"class":51},[37,12253,12254],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,12255,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12257,12258,12260,12262,12264,12267,12269,12271,12274],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,12259,92],{"class":91},[37,12261,95],{"class":51},[37,12263,56],{"class":55},[37,12265,12266],{"class":59},"original:",[37,12268,56],{"class":55},[37,12270,65],{"class":51},[37,12272,12273],{"class":102}," original",[37,12275,85],{"class":51},[37,12277,12278,12280,12282,12284,12287,12289,12291,12294],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,12279,92],{"class":91},[37,12281,95],{"class":51},[37,12283,56],{"class":55},[37,12285,12286],{"class":59},"other_ref:",[37,12288,56],{"class":55},[37,12290,65],{"class":51},[37,12292,12293],{"class":102}," other_ref",[37,12295,85],{"class":51},[37,12297,12298,12300,12302,12304,12307,12309],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,12299,92],{"class":91},[37,12301,95],{"class":51},[37,12303,12198],{"class":102},[37,12305,12306],{"class":1483},"is",[37,12308,12293],{"class":102},[37,12310,85],{"class":51},[20,12312,112],{},[28,12314,12316],{"className":30,"code":12315,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12317,12318,12326,12335],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12319,12320,12322,12324],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12321,12245],{"class":43},[37,12323,3013],{"class":51},[37,12325,9953],{"class":51},[37,12327,12328,12331,12333],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12329,12330],{"class":43},"other_ref",[37,12332,3013],{"class":51},[37,12334,9953],{"class":51},[37,12336,12337],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12338,4103],{"class":3977},[20,12340,12341],{},"This shows:",[135,12343,12344,12351,12356],{},[138,12345,12346,851,12348,12350],{},[15,12347,12245],{},[15,12349,12330],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[138,12352,12353,12355],{},[15,12354,11436],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[138,12357,12358],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12360,12361],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[28,12363,12365],{"className":30,"code":12364,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12366,12367,12399,12407,12411,12419,12423,12441,12459],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12368,12369,12371,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393,12395,12397],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12370,12198],{"class":43},[37,12372,48],{"class":47},[37,12374,10605],{"class":51},[37,12376,56],{"class":55},[37,12378,285],{"class":59},[37,12380,56],{"class":55},[37,12382,3013],{"class":51},[37,12384,5619],{"class":122},[37,12386,65],{"class":51},[37,12388,68],{"class":55},[37,12390,777],{"class":59},[37,12392,56],{"class":55},[37,12394,3013],{"class":51},[37,12396,890],{"class":122},[37,12398,9424],{"class":51},[37,12400,12401,12403,12405],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12402,12231],{"class":43},[37,12404,48],{"class":47},[37,12406,12236],{"class":43},[37,12408,12409],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12410,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12412,12413,12415,12417],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,12414,12198],{"class":43},[37,12416,48],{"class":47},[37,12418,9953],{"class":51},[37,12420,12421],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,12422,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12424,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,12426,92],{"class":91},[37,12428,95],{"class":51},[37,12430,56],{"class":55},[37,12432,12266],{"class":59},[37,12434,56],{"class":55},[37,12436,65],{"class":51},[37,12438,12273],{"class":102},[37,12440,85],{"class":51},[37,12442,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451,12453,12455,12457],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,12444,92],{"class":91},[37,12446,95],{"class":51},[37,12448,56],{"class":55},[37,12450,12286],{"class":59},[37,12452,56],{"class":55},[37,12454,65],{"class":51},[37,12456,12293],{"class":102},[37,12458,85],{"class":51},[37,12460,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,12462,92],{"class":91},[37,12464,95],{"class":51},[37,12466,12198],{"class":102},[37,12468,12306],{"class":1483},[37,12470,12293],{"class":102},[37,12472,85],{"class":51},[20,12474,112],{},[28,12476,12478],{"className":30,"code":12477,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12479,12480,12488,12520],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12481,12482,12484,12486],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12483,12245],{"class":43},[37,12485,3013],{"class":51},[37,12487,9953],{"class":51},[37,12489,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12491,12330],{"class":43},[37,12493,3013],{"class":51},[37,12495,10605],{"class":51},[37,12497,821],{"class":55},[37,12499,285],{"class":59},[37,12501,821],{"class":55},[37,12503,3013],{"class":51},[37,12505,5619],{"class":122},[37,12507,65],{"class":51},[37,12509,815],{"class":55},[37,12511,777],{"class":59},[37,12513,821],{"class":55},[37,12515,3013],{"class":51},[37,12517,890],{"class":122},[37,12519,9424],{"class":51},[37,12521,12522],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12523,4164],{"class":3977},[20,12525,2311],{},[135,12527,12528,12534],{},[138,12529,12530,12533],{},[15,12531,12532],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[138,12535,12536,12538],{},[15,12537,12330],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12540,12541,12542,292],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[285,12543,12545],{"href":12544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12546,12547],{},"dict.copy()",[130,12549,5080,12551],{"id":12550},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12552,11436],{},[20,12554,12555,12557],{},[15,12556,11436],{}," is useful when you want to:",[135,12559,12560,12563,12566],{},[138,12561,12562],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[138,12564,12565],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[138,12567,12568],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12570,197],{},[28,12572,12574],{"className":30,"code":12573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12575,12576,12585,12601,12621,12634,12638,12642,12647,12658,12662],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12577,12578,12581,12583],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12579,12580],{"class":43},"session_data ",[37,12582,48],{"class":47},[37,12584,11607],{"class":51},[37,12586,12587,12589,12592,12594,12596,12599],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12588,11612],{"class":55},[37,12590,12591],{"class":59},"user_id",[37,12593,56],{"class":55},[37,12595,3013],{"class":51},[37,12597,12598],{"class":122}," 101",[37,12600,11628],{"class":51},[37,12602,12603,12605,12608,12610,12612,12614,12617,12619],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12604,11612],{"class":55},[37,12606,12607],{"class":59},"theme",[37,12609,56],{"class":55},[37,12611,3013],{"class":51},[37,12613,68],{"class":55},[37,12615,12616],{"class":59},"dark",[37,12618,56],{"class":55},[37,12620,11628],{"class":51},[37,12622,12623,12625,12628,12630,12632],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,12624,11612],{"class":55},[37,12626,12627],{"class":59},"logged_in",[37,12629,56],{"class":55},[37,12631,3013],{"class":51},[37,12633,6543],{"class":3977},[37,12635,12636],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,12637,9424],{"class":51},[37,12639,12640],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,12641,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12643,12644],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,12645,12646],{"class":3788},"# Reset for a new session\n",[37,12648,12649,12652,12654,12656],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,12650,12651],{"class":43},"session_data",[37,12653,292],{"class":51},[37,12655,11498],{"class":102},[37,12657,8761],{"class":51},[37,12659,12660],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,12661,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,12663,12664,12666,12668,12670,12672],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,12665,92],{"class":91},[37,12667,95],{"class":51},[37,12669,12651],{"class":102},[37,12671,18],{"class":51},[37,12673,11513],{"class":3788},[20,12675,12676,12677,12683,12684,292,12688,12690,12691,292],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[285,12678,12680],{"href":12679},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12681,12682],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[285,12685,12687],{"href":12686},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9961,12689],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[285,12692,12694],{"href":12693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12695,12696],{},"dict.popitem()",[130,12698,1854],{"id":1853},[20,12700,10863,12701,3013],{},[15,12702,11436],{},[135,12704,12705,12711,12716,12719],{},[138,12706,12707,12708,12710],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12709,11436],{}," to a variable",[138,12712,1880,12713,12715],{},[15,12714,11436],{}," to return a new dictionary",[138,12717,12718],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[138,12720,12721],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12723,12724],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[28,12726,12728],{"className":30,"code":12727,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12729,12730,12740,12754,12769],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12731,12732,12734,12736,12738],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12733,92],{"class":91},[37,12735,95],{"class":51},[37,12737,11565],{"class":102},[37,12739,85],{"class":51},[37,12741,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,12743,92],{"class":91},[37,12745,95],{"class":51},[37,12747,757],{"class":756},[37,12749,95],{"class":51},[37,12751,11565],{"class":102},[37,12753,106],{"class":51},[37,12755,12756,12758,12760,12763,12765,12767],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,12757,92],{"class":91},[37,12759,95],{"class":51},[37,12761,12762],{"class":91},"id",[37,12764,95],{"class":51},[37,12766,11565],{"class":102},[37,12768,106],{"class":51},[37,12770,12771,12773,12775,12777,12779,12781],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,12772,92],{"class":91},[37,12774,95],{"class":51},[37,12776,12231],{"class":102},[37,12778,12306],{"class":1483},[37,12780,11878],{"class":102},[37,12782,85],{"class":51},[20,12784,12785],{},"What these show:",[135,12787,12788,12794,12800,12806],{},[138,12789,12790,12793],{},[15,12791,12792],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[138,12795,12796,12799],{},[15,12797,12798],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[138,12801,12802,12805],{},[15,12803,12804],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[138,12807,12808,12811],{},[15,12809,12810],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[130,12813,1969],{"id":1968},[307,12815,1983,12817,12819],{"id":12816},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12818,11436],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12821,12822],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[307,12824,5262,12826,12828],{"id":12825},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12827,11442],{}," return?",[20,12830,5268,12831,292],{},[15,12832,3904],{},[307,12834,5300,12836,851,12838,2623],{"id":12835},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12837,11436],{},[15,12839,3918],{},[20,12841,12842,12844,12845,12847],{},[15,12843,11436],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12846,3918],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[307,12849,1983,12851,12853],{"id":12850},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12852,11436],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12855,12856],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[130,12858,2025],{"id":2024},[135,12860,12861,12865,12869,12876,12883,12890,12895],{},[138,12862,12863],{},[285,12864,9275],{"href":9274},[138,12866,12867],{},[285,12868,11357],{"href":9506},[138,12870,12871],{},[285,12872,10852,12873,10856],{"href":12679},[15,12874,12875],{},"pop()",[138,12877,12878],{},[285,12879,10852,12880,10856],{"href":12693},[15,12881,12882],{},"popitem()",[138,12884,12885],{},[285,12886,10852,12887,10856],{"href":12544},[15,12888,12889],{},"copy()",[138,12891,12892],{},[285,12893,12894],{"href":12177},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[138,12896,12897],{},[285,12898,12899],{"href":12686},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2052,12901,12902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":12904},[12905,12906,12908,12909,12910,12914,12919,12920,12922,12923,12933],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":11521,"depth":88,"text":12907},"What clear() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":11816,"depth":88,"text":12911,"children":12912},"What clear() returns",[12913],{"id":11927,"depth":251,"text":11928},{"id":12107,"depth":88,"text":12915,"children":12916},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12917,12918],{"id":11498,"depth":251,"text":11436},{"id":11565,"depth":251,"text":12160},{"id":12181,"depth":88,"text":12182},{"id":12550,"depth":88,"text":12921},"When to use clear()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":12924},[12925,12927,12929,12931],{"id":12816,"depth":251,"text":12926},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12825,"depth":251,"text":12928},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12835,"depth":251,"text":12930},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12850,"depth":251,"text":12932},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11427,"description":12934},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12941,"title":12942,"body":12943,"description":15107,"extension":2099,"meta":15108,"navigation":254,"path":15109,"seo":15110,"stem":15111,"__hash__":15112},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12944,"toc":15079},[12945,12950,12955,12965,12967,13055,13059,13100,13105,13112,13130,13139,13141,13162,13165,13177,13179,13255,13259,13300,13302,13305,13432,13436,13516,13519,13537,13540,13544,13550,13552,13563,13565,13760,13764,13870,13873,13891,13894,13901,13906,13910,13924,13926,14053,14057,14137,14150,14156,14159,14167,14171,14297,14301,14375,14380,14511,14515,14589,14592,14606,14610,14614,14628,14630,14766,14770,14839,14841,14846,14868,14871,14978,14981,14992,14999,15001,15007,15010,15017,15020,15027,15035,15039,15042,15044,15076],[10,12946,11433,12948,11437],{"id":12947},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12949,12889],{},[20,12951,12952,12954],{},[15,12953,12547],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12956,12957,12958,12960,12961,12964],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12959,12889],{}," makes a ",[110,12962,12963],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[130,12966,2140],{"id":2139},[28,12968,12970],{"className":30,"code":12969,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12971,12972,13009,13026,13030,13041],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,12973,12974,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,12975,12976],{"class":43},"student ",[37,12978,48],{"class":47},[37,12980,10605],{"class":51},[37,12982,56],{"class":55},[37,12984,7790],{"class":59},[37,12986,56],{"class":55},[37,12988,3013],{"class":51},[37,12990,68],{"class":55},[37,12992,1646],{"class":59},[37,12994,56],{"class":55},[37,12996,65],{"class":51},[37,12998,68],{"class":55},[37,13000,9415],{"class":59},[37,13002,56],{"class":55},[37,13004,3013],{"class":51},[37,13006,219],{"class":122},[37,13008,9424],{"class":51},[37,13010,13011,13014,13016,13019,13021,13024],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13012,13013],{"class":43},"student_copy ",[37,13015,48],{"class":47},[37,13017,13018],{"class":43}," student",[37,13020,292],{"class":51},[37,13022,13023],{"class":102},"copy",[37,13025,8761],{"class":51},[37,13027,13028],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,13029,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13031,13032,13034,13036,13039],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,13033,92],{"class":91},[37,13035,95],{"class":51},[37,13037,13038],{"class":102},"student_copy",[37,13040,85],{"class":51},[37,13042,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,13044,92],{"class":91},[37,13046,95],{"class":51},[37,13048,13013],{"class":102},[37,13050,12306],{"class":1483},[37,13052,13018],{"class":102},[37,13054,85],{"class":51},[20,13056,13057],{},[110,13058,112],{},[28,13060,13062],{"className":30,"code":13061,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13063,13064,13096],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13065,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13067,9394],{"class":51},[37,13069,821],{"class":55},[37,13071,7790],{"class":59},[37,13073,821],{"class":55},[37,13075,3013],{"class":51},[37,13077,815],{"class":55},[37,13079,1646],{"class":59},[37,13081,821],{"class":55},[37,13083,65],{"class":51},[37,13085,815],{"class":55},[37,13087,9415],{"class":59},[37,13089,821],{"class":55},[37,13091,3013],{"class":51},[37,13093,219],{"class":122},[37,13095,9424],{"class":51},[37,13097,13098],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13099,4164],{"class":3977},[20,13101,22,13102,13104],{},[15,13103,12889],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[130,13106,13108,13109,13111],{"id":13107},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13110,12889],{}," method does",[135,13113,13114,13119,13122,13127],{},[138,13115,13116,13118],{},[15,13117,12547],{}," returns a new dictionary",[138,13120,13121],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[138,13123,13124,13125],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13126,12889],{},[138,13128,13129],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13131,13132,13133,3006,13136,292],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[285,13134,9275],{"href":13135},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[285,13137,9507],{"href":13138},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[130,13140,159],{"id":158},[28,13142,13144],{"className":30,"code":13143,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13145,13146],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13147,13148,13151,13153,13156,13158,13160],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13149,13150],{"class":43},"new_dict ",[37,13152,48],{"class":47},[37,13154,13155],{"class":43}," old_dict",[37,13157,292],{"class":51},[37,13159,13023],{"class":102},[37,13161,8761],{"class":51},[20,13163,13164],{},"Key points:",[135,13166,13167,13171,13174],{},[138,13168,13169,11580],{},[15,13170,12889],{},[138,13172,13173],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[138,13175,13176],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13178,197],{},[28,13180,13182],{"className":30,"code":13181,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13183,13184,13224,13240,13244],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13185,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13187,44],{"class":43},[37,13189,48],{"class":47},[37,13191,10605],{"class":51},[37,13193,56],{"class":55},[37,13195,285],{"class":59},[37,13197,56],{"class":55},[37,13199,3013],{"class":51},[37,13201,68],{"class":55},[37,13203,60],{"class":59},[37,13205,56],{"class":55},[37,13207,65],{"class":51},[37,13209,68],{"class":55},[37,13211,777],{"class":59},[37,13213,56],{"class":55},[37,13215,3013],{"class":51},[37,13217,68],{"class":55},[37,13219,80],{"class":59},[37,13221,56],{"class":55},[37,13223,9424],{"class":51},[37,13225,13226,13229,13231,13234,13236,13238],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13227,13228],{"class":43},"new_colors ",[37,13230,48],{"class":47},[37,13232,13233],{"class":43}," colors",[37,13235,292],{"class":51},[37,13237,13023],{"class":102},[37,13239,8761],{"class":51},[37,13241,13242],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,13243,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13245,13246,13248,13250,13253],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,13247,92],{"class":91},[37,13249,95],{"class":51},[37,13251,13252],{"class":102},"new_colors",[37,13254,85],{"class":51},[20,13256,13257],{},[110,13258,112],{},[28,13260,13262],{"className":30,"code":13261,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13263,13264],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13265,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13267,9394],{"class":51},[37,13269,821],{"class":55},[37,13271,285],{"class":59},[37,13273,821],{"class":55},[37,13275,3013],{"class":51},[37,13277,815],{"class":55},[37,13279,60],{"class":59},[37,13281,821],{"class":55},[37,13283,65],{"class":51},[37,13285,815],{"class":55},[37,13287,777],{"class":59},[37,13289,821],{"class":55},[37,13291,3013],{"class":51},[37,13293,815],{"class":55},[37,13295,80],{"class":59},[37,13297,821],{"class":55},[37,13299,9424],{"class":51},[130,13301,11590],{"id":11589},[20,13303,13304],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[28,13306,13308],{"className":30,"code":13307,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13309,13310,13348,13364,13368,13389,13393,13412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13311,13312,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13313,13314],{"class":43},"person ",[37,13316,48],{"class":47},[37,13318,10605],{"class":51},[37,13320,56],{"class":55},[37,13322,7790],{"class":59},[37,13324,56],{"class":55},[37,13326,3013],{"class":51},[37,13328,68],{"class":55},[37,13330,13331],{"class":59},"Liam",[37,13333,56],{"class":55},[37,13335,65],{"class":51},[37,13337,68],{"class":55},[37,13339,9415],{"class":59},[37,13341,56],{"class":55},[37,13343,3013],{"class":51},[37,13345,1653],{"class":122},[37,13347,9424],{"class":51},[37,13349,13350,13353,13355,13358,13360,13362],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13351,13352],{"class":43},"person_copy ",[37,13354,48],{"class":47},[37,13356,13357],{"class":43}," person",[37,13359,292],{"class":51},[37,13361,13023],{"class":102},[37,13363,8761],{"class":51},[37,13365,13366],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,13367,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13369,13370,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13384,13386],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,13371,13372],{"class":43},"person_copy",[37,13374,1067],{"class":51},[37,13376,56],{"class":55},[37,13378,9415],{"class":59},[37,13380,56],{"class":55},[37,13382,13383],{"class":51},"]",[37,13385,1342],{"class":47},[37,13387,13388],{"class":122}," 26\n",[37,13390,13391],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,13392,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13394,13395,13397,13399,13401,13404,13406,13408,13410],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,13396,92],{"class":91},[37,13398,95],{"class":51},[37,13400,56],{"class":55},[37,13402,13403],{"class":59},"Original:",[37,13405,56],{"class":55},[37,13407,65],{"class":51},[37,13409,13357],{"class":102},[37,13411,85],{"class":51},[37,13413,13414,13416,13418,13420,13423,13425,13427,13430],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,13415,92],{"class":91},[37,13417,95],{"class":51},[37,13419,56],{"class":55},[37,13421,13422],{"class":59},"Copy:",[37,13424,56],{"class":55},[37,13426,65],{"class":51},[37,13428,13429],{"class":102}," person_copy",[37,13431,85],{"class":51},[20,13433,13434],{},[110,13435,112],{},[28,13437,13439],{"className":30,"code":13438,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13440,13441,13478],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13442,13443,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13444,13445],{"class":43},"Original",[37,13447,3013],{"class":51},[37,13449,10605],{"class":51},[37,13451,821],{"class":55},[37,13453,7790],{"class":59},[37,13455,821],{"class":55},[37,13457,3013],{"class":51},[37,13459,815],{"class":55},[37,13461,13331],{"class":59},[37,13463,821],{"class":55},[37,13465,65],{"class":51},[37,13467,815],{"class":55},[37,13469,9415],{"class":59},[37,13471,821],{"class":55},[37,13473,3013],{"class":51},[37,13475,1653],{"class":122},[37,13477,9424],{"class":51},[37,13479,13480,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13514],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13481,13482],{"class":43},"Copy",[37,13484,3013],{"class":51},[37,13486,10605],{"class":51},[37,13488,821],{"class":55},[37,13490,7790],{"class":59},[37,13492,821],{"class":55},[37,13494,3013],{"class":51},[37,13496,815],{"class":55},[37,13498,13331],{"class":59},[37,13500,821],{"class":55},[37,13502,65],{"class":51},[37,13504,815],{"class":55},[37,13506,9415],{"class":59},[37,13508,821],{"class":55},[37,13510,3013],{"class":51},[37,13512,13513],{"class":122}," 26",[37,13515,9424],{"class":51},[20,13517,13518],{},"What happened here:",[135,13520,13521,13527,13534],{},[138,13522,13523,13526],{},[15,13524,13525],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[138,13528,13529,13530,13533],{},"Changing ",[15,13531,13532],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[138,13535,13536],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13538,13539],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[130,13541,13543],{"id":13542},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13545,13546,12960,13548,292],{},[15,13547,12889],{},[110,13549,12963],{},[20,13551,2242],{},[135,13553,13554,13557,13560],{},[138,13555,13556],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[138,13558,13559],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[138,13561,13562],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13564,197],{},[28,13566,13568],{"className":30,"code":13567,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13569,13570,13578,13596,13619,13623,13627,13641,13645,13670,13674,13692,13711,13726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13571,13572,13574,13576],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13573,12976],{"class":43},[37,13575,48],{"class":47},[37,13577,11607],{"class":51},[37,13579,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13581,11612],{"class":55},[37,13583,7790],{"class":59},[37,13585,56],{"class":55},[37,13587,3013],{"class":51},[37,13589,68],{"class":55},[37,13591,1646],{"class":59},[37,13593,56],{"class":55},[37,13595,11628],{"class":51},[37,13597,13598,13600,13603,13605,13607,13609,13612,13614,13617],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,13599,11612],{"class":55},[37,13601,13602],{"class":59},"grades",[37,13604,56],{"class":55},[37,13606,3013],{"class":51},[37,13608,519],{"class":51},[37,13610,13611],{"class":122},"90",[37,13613,65],{"class":51},[37,13615,13616],{"class":122}," 85",[37,13618,3760],{"class":51},[37,13620,13621],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,13622,9424],{"class":51},[37,13624,13625],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,13626,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13628,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,13630,13013],{"class":43},[37,13632,48],{"class":47},[37,13634,13018],{"class":43},[37,13636,292],{"class":51},[37,13638,13023],{"class":102},[37,13640,8761],{"class":51},[37,13642,13643],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,13644,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13646,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13660,13663,13665,13668],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,13648,13038],{"class":43},[37,13650,1067],{"class":51},[37,13652,56],{"class":55},[37,13654,13602],{"class":59},[37,13656,56],{"class":55},[37,13658,13659],{"class":51},"].",[37,13661,13662],{"class":102},"append",[37,13664,95],{"class":51},[37,13666,13667],{"class":122},"100",[37,13669,85],{"class":51},[37,13671,13672],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,13673,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13675,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,13677,92],{"class":91},[37,13679,95],{"class":51},[37,13681,56],{"class":55},[37,13683,13403],{"class":59},[37,13685,56],{"class":55},[37,13687,65],{"class":51},[37,13689,13018],{"class":102},[37,13691,85],{"class":51},[37,13693,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13709],{"class":39,"line":11708},[37,13695,92],{"class":91},[37,13697,95],{"class":51},[37,13699,56],{"class":55},[37,13701,13422],{"class":59},[37,13703,56],{"class":55},[37,13705,65],{"class":51},[37,13707,13708],{"class":102}," student_copy",[37,13710,85],{"class":51},[37,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724],{"class":39,"line":13713},12,[37,13715,92],{"class":91},[37,13717,95],{"class":51},[37,13719,12976],{"class":102},[37,13721,12306],{"class":1483},[37,13723,13708],{"class":102},[37,13725,85],{"class":51},[37,13727,13729,13731,13733,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758],{"class":39,"line":13728},13,[37,13730,92],{"class":91},[37,13732,95],{"class":51},[37,13734,13735],{"class":102},"student",[37,13737,1067],{"class":51},[37,13739,56],{"class":55},[37,13741,13602],{"class":59},[37,13743,56],{"class":55},[37,13745,13383],{"class":51},[37,13747,1536],{"class":1483},[37,13749,13708],{"class":102},[37,13751,1067],{"class":51},[37,13753,56],{"class":55},[37,13755,13602],{"class":59},[37,13757,56],{"class":55},[37,13759,530],{"class":51},[20,13761,13762],{},[110,13763,112],{},[28,13765,13767],{"className":30,"code":13766,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13768,13769,13816,13862,13866],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13770,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13772,13445],{"class":43},[37,13774,3013],{"class":51},[37,13776,10605],{"class":51},[37,13778,821],{"class":55},[37,13780,7790],{"class":59},[37,13782,821],{"class":55},[37,13784,3013],{"class":51},[37,13786,815],{"class":55},[37,13788,1646],{"class":59},[37,13790,821],{"class":55},[37,13792,65],{"class":51},[37,13794,815],{"class":55},[37,13796,13602],{"class":59},[37,13798,821],{"class":55},[37,13800,3013],{"class":51},[37,13802,519],{"class":51},[37,13804,13611],{"class":122},[37,13806,65],{"class":51},[37,13808,13616],{"class":122},[37,13810,65],{"class":51},[37,13812,10232],{"class":122},[37,13814,13815],{"class":51},"]}\n",[37,13817,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13819,13482],{"class":43},[37,13821,3013],{"class":51},[37,13823,10605],{"class":51},[37,13825,821],{"class":55},[37,13827,7790],{"class":59},[37,13829,821],{"class":55},[37,13831,3013],{"class":51},[37,13833,815],{"class":55},[37,13835,1646],{"class":59},[37,13837,821],{"class":55},[37,13839,65],{"class":51},[37,13841,815],{"class":55},[37,13843,13602],{"class":59},[37,13845,821],{"class":55},[37,13847,3013],{"class":51},[37,13849,519],{"class":51},[37,13851,13611],{"class":122},[37,13853,65],{"class":51},[37,13855,13616],{"class":122},[37,13857,65],{"class":51},[37,13859,10232],{"class":122},[37,13861,13815],{"class":51},[37,13863,13864],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,13865,4164],{"class":3977},[37,13867,13868],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,13869,4103],{"class":3977},[20,13871,13872],{},"Notice the difference:",[135,13874,13875,13883],{},[138,13876,13877,4902,13880,13882],{},[15,13878,13879],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13881,3799],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[138,13884,13885,4902,13888,13890],{},[15,13886,13887],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13889,3729],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13892,13893],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13895,13896,13897,292],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[285,13898,13900],{"href":13899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[130,13902,5080,13904],{"id":13903},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13905,12889],{},[20,13907,22,13908,10716],{},[15,13909,12889],{},[135,13911,13912,13915,13918,13921],{},[138,13913,13914],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[138,13916,13917],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[138,13919,13920],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[138,13922,13923],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13925,197],{},[28,13927,13929],{"className":30,"code":13928,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13930,13931,13970,13986,13990,14010,14014,14033],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,13932,13933,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13961,13963,13965,13968],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,13934,13935],{"class":43},"settings ",[37,13937,48],{"class":47},[37,13939,10605],{"class":51},[37,13941,56],{"class":55},[37,13943,12607],{"class":59},[37,13945,56],{"class":55},[37,13947,3013],{"class":51},[37,13949,68],{"class":55},[37,13951,12616],{"class":59},[37,13953,56],{"class":55},[37,13955,65],{"class":51},[37,13957,68],{"class":55},[37,13959,13960],{"class":59},"font_size",[37,13962,56],{"class":55},[37,13964,3013],{"class":51},[37,13966,13967],{"class":122}," 14",[37,13969,9424],{"class":51},[37,13971,13972,13975,13977,13980,13982,13984],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,13973,13974],{"class":43},"settings_backup ",[37,13976,48],{"class":47},[37,13978,13979],{"class":43}," settings",[37,13981,292],{"class":51},[37,13983,13023],{"class":102},[37,13985,8761],{"class":51},[37,13987,13988],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,13989,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,13991,13992,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,13993,13994],{"class":43},"settings",[37,13996,1067],{"class":51},[37,13998,56],{"class":55},[37,14000,13960],{"class":59},[37,14002,56],{"class":55},[37,14004,13383],{"class":51},[37,14006,1342],{"class":47},[37,14008,14009],{"class":122}," 16\n",[37,14011,14012],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,14013,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14015,14016,14018,14020,14022,14025,14027,14029,14031],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,14017,92],{"class":91},[37,14019,95],{"class":51},[37,14021,56],{"class":55},[37,14023,14024],{"class":59},"Current:",[37,14026,56],{"class":55},[37,14028,65],{"class":51},[37,14030,13979],{"class":102},[37,14032,85],{"class":51},[37,14034,14035,14037,14039,14041,14044,14046,14048,14051],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,14036,92],{"class":91},[37,14038,95],{"class":51},[37,14040,56],{"class":55},[37,14042,14043],{"class":59},"Backup:",[37,14045,56],{"class":55},[37,14047,65],{"class":51},[37,14049,14050],{"class":102}," settings_backup",[37,14052,85],{"class":51},[20,14054,14055],{},[110,14056,112],{},[28,14058,14060],{"className":30,"code":14059,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14061,14062,14100],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14063,14064,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14098],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14065,14066],{"class":43},"Current",[37,14068,3013],{"class":51},[37,14070,10605],{"class":51},[37,14072,821],{"class":55},[37,14074,12607],{"class":59},[37,14076,821],{"class":55},[37,14078,3013],{"class":51},[37,14080,815],{"class":55},[37,14082,12616],{"class":59},[37,14084,821],{"class":55},[37,14086,65],{"class":51},[37,14088,815],{"class":55},[37,14090,13960],{"class":59},[37,14092,821],{"class":55},[37,14094,3013],{"class":51},[37,14096,14097],{"class":122}," 16",[37,14099,9424],{"class":51},[37,14101,14102,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14103,14104],{"class":43},"Backup",[37,14106,3013],{"class":51},[37,14108,10605],{"class":51},[37,14110,821],{"class":55},[37,14112,12607],{"class":59},[37,14114,821],{"class":55},[37,14116,3013],{"class":51},[37,14118,815],{"class":55},[37,14120,12616],{"class":59},[37,14122,821],{"class":55},[37,14124,65],{"class":51},[37,14126,815],{"class":55},[37,14128,13960],{"class":59},[37,14130,821],{"class":55},[37,14132,3013],{"class":51},[37,14134,13967],{"class":122},[37,14136,9424],{"class":51},[20,14138,14139,14140,3006,14146,292],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[285,14141,14143],{"href":14142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14144,14145],{},"dict.update()",[285,14147,14148],{"href":12936},[15,14149,11442],{},[130,14151,14153,14155],{"id":14152},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14154,12889],{}," vs assignment",[20,14157,14158],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14160,1872,14161,14163,14164,14166],{},[15,14162,48],{}," does ",[110,14165,711],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[307,14168,14170],{"id":14169},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[28,14172,14174],{"className":30,"code":14173,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14175,14176,14208,14217,14221,14241,14245,14263,14283],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14177,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14179,12198],{"class":43},[37,14181,48],{"class":47},[37,14183,10605],{"class":51},[37,14185,56],{"class":55},[37,14187,900],{"class":59},[37,14189,56],{"class":55},[37,14191,3013],{"class":51},[37,14193,5619],{"class":122},[37,14195,65],{"class":51},[37,14197,68],{"class":55},[37,14199,909],{"class":59},[37,14201,56],{"class":55},[37,14203,3013],{"class":51},[37,14205,890],{"class":122},[37,14207,9424],{"class":51},[37,14209,14210,14213,14215],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14211,14212],{"class":43},"assigned ",[37,14214,48],{"class":47},[37,14216,12236],{"class":43},[37,14218,14219],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,14220,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14222,14223,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,14224,14225],{"class":43},"assigned",[37,14227,1067],{"class":51},[37,14229,56],{"class":55},[37,14231,900],{"class":59},[37,14233,56],{"class":55},[37,14235,13383],{"class":51},[37,14237,1342],{"class":47},[37,14239,14240],{"class":122}," 99\n",[37,14242,14243],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,14244,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14246,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,14248,92],{"class":91},[37,14250,95],{"class":51},[37,14252,56],{"class":55},[37,14254,13403],{"class":59},[37,14256,56],{"class":55},[37,14258,65],{"class":51},[37,14260,12273],{"class":102},[37,14262,85],{"class":51},[37,14264,14265,14267,14269,14271,14274,14276,14278,14281],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,14266,92],{"class":91},[37,14268,95],{"class":51},[37,14270,56],{"class":55},[37,14272,14273],{"class":59},"Assigned:",[37,14275,56],{"class":55},[37,14277,65],{"class":51},[37,14279,14280],{"class":102}," assigned",[37,14282,85],{"class":51},[37,14284,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,14286,92],{"class":91},[37,14288,95],{"class":51},[37,14290,12198],{"class":102},[37,14292,12306],{"class":1483},[37,14294,14280],{"class":102},[37,14296,85],{"class":51},[20,14298,14299],{},[110,14300,112],{},[28,14302,14304],{"className":30,"code":14303,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14305,14306,14338,14371],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14307,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14309,13445],{"class":43},[37,14311,3013],{"class":51},[37,14313,10605],{"class":51},[37,14315,821],{"class":55},[37,14317,900],{"class":59},[37,14319,821],{"class":55},[37,14321,3013],{"class":51},[37,14323,10311],{"class":122},[37,14325,65],{"class":51},[37,14327,815],{"class":55},[37,14329,909],{"class":59},[37,14331,821],{"class":55},[37,14333,3013],{"class":51},[37,14335,890],{"class":122},[37,14337,9424],{"class":51},[37,14339,14340,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14341,14342],{"class":43},"Assigned",[37,14344,3013],{"class":51},[37,14346,10605],{"class":51},[37,14348,821],{"class":55},[37,14350,900],{"class":59},[37,14352,821],{"class":55},[37,14354,3013],{"class":51},[37,14356,10311],{"class":122},[37,14358,65],{"class":51},[37,14360,815],{"class":55},[37,14362,909],{"class":59},[37,14364,821],{"class":55},[37,14366,3013],{"class":51},[37,14368,890],{"class":122},[37,14370,9424],{"class":51},[37,14372,14373],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,14374,4103],{"class":3977},[307,14376,1872,14378],{"id":14377},"using-copy",[15,14379,12889],{},[28,14381,14383],{"className":30,"code":14382,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14384,14385,14417,14432,14436,14455,14459,14477,14497],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14386,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14388,12198],{"class":43},[37,14390,48],{"class":47},[37,14392,10605],{"class":51},[37,14394,56],{"class":55},[37,14396,900],{"class":59},[37,14398,56],{"class":55},[37,14400,3013],{"class":51},[37,14402,5619],{"class":122},[37,14404,65],{"class":51},[37,14406,68],{"class":55},[37,14408,909],{"class":59},[37,14410,56],{"class":55},[37,14412,3013],{"class":51},[37,14414,890],{"class":122},[37,14416,9424],{"class":51},[37,14418,14419,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14420,14421],{"class":43},"copied ",[37,14423,48],{"class":47},[37,14425,12273],{"class":43},[37,14427,292],{"class":51},[37,14429,13023],{"class":102},[37,14431,8761],{"class":51},[37,14433,14434],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,14435,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14437,14438,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,14439,14440],{"class":43},"copied",[37,14442,1067],{"class":51},[37,14444,56],{"class":55},[37,14446,900],{"class":59},[37,14448,56],{"class":55},[37,14450,13383],{"class":51},[37,14452,1342],{"class":47},[37,14454,14240],{"class":122},[37,14456,14457],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,14458,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14460,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,14462,92],{"class":91},[37,14464,95],{"class":51},[37,14466,56],{"class":55},[37,14468,13403],{"class":59},[37,14470,56],{"class":55},[37,14472,65],{"class":51},[37,14474,12273],{"class":102},[37,14476,85],{"class":51},[37,14478,14479,14481,14483,14485,14488,14490,14492,14495],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,14480,92],{"class":91},[37,14482,95],{"class":51},[37,14484,56],{"class":55},[37,14486,14487],{"class":59},"Copied:",[37,14489,56],{"class":55},[37,14491,65],{"class":51},[37,14493,14494],{"class":102}," copied",[37,14496,85],{"class":51},[37,14498,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,14500,92],{"class":91},[37,14502,95],{"class":51},[37,14504,12198],{"class":102},[37,14506,12306],{"class":1483},[37,14508,14494],{"class":102},[37,14510,85],{"class":51},[20,14512,14513],{},[110,14514,112],{},[28,14516,14518],{"className":30,"code":14517,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14519,14520,14552,14585],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14521,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14523,13445],{"class":43},[37,14525,3013],{"class":51},[37,14527,10605],{"class":51},[37,14529,821],{"class":55},[37,14531,900],{"class":59},[37,14533,821],{"class":55},[37,14535,3013],{"class":51},[37,14537,5619],{"class":122},[37,14539,65],{"class":51},[37,14541,815],{"class":55},[37,14543,909],{"class":59},[37,14545,821],{"class":55},[37,14547,3013],{"class":51},[37,14549,890],{"class":122},[37,14551,9424],{"class":51},[37,14553,14554,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14555,14556],{"class":43},"Copied",[37,14558,3013],{"class":51},[37,14560,10605],{"class":51},[37,14562,821],{"class":55},[37,14564,900],{"class":59},[37,14566,821],{"class":55},[37,14568,3013],{"class":51},[37,14570,10311],{"class":122},[37,14572,65],{"class":51},[37,14574,815],{"class":55},[37,14576,909],{"class":59},[37,14578,821],{"class":55},[37,14580,3013],{"class":51},[37,14582,890],{"class":122},[37,14584,9424],{"class":51},[37,14586,14587],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,14588,4164],{"class":3977},[20,14590,14591],{},"Summary:",[135,14593,14594,14600],{},[138,14595,14596,14599],{},[15,14597,14598],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[138,14601,14602,14605],{},[15,14603,14604],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[130,14607,14609],{"id":14608},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14611,14612,3013],{},[15,14613,12889],{},[135,14615,14616,14619,14622,14625],{},[138,14617,14618],{},"Returns a dictionary",[138,14620,14621],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[138,14623,14624],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[138,14626,14627],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14629,197],{},[28,14631,14633],{"className":30,"code":14632,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14634,14635,14667,14683,14687,14705,14725,14729,14747],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14636,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14638,494],{"class":43},[37,14640,48],{"class":47},[37,14642,10605],{"class":51},[37,14644,56],{"class":55},[37,14646,285],{"class":59},[37,14648,56],{"class":55},[37,14650,3013],{"class":51},[37,14652,5619],{"class":122},[37,14654,65],{"class":51},[37,14656,68],{"class":55},[37,14658,777],{"class":59},[37,14660,56],{"class":55},[37,14662,3013],{"class":51},[37,14664,890],{"class":122},[37,14666,9424],{"class":51},[37,14668,14669,14672,14674,14677,14679,14681],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14670,14671],{"class":43},"data_copy ",[37,14673,48],{"class":47},[37,14675,14676],{"class":43}," data",[37,14678,292],{"class":51},[37,14680,13023],{"class":102},[37,14682,8761],{"class":51},[37,14684,14685],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,14686,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14688,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,14690,543],{"class":43},[37,14692,1067],{"class":51},[37,14694,56],{"class":55},[37,14696,285],{"class":59},[37,14698,56],{"class":55},[37,14700,13383],{"class":51},[37,14702,1342],{"class":47},[37,14704,1345],{"class":122},[37,14706,14707,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,14708,14709],{"class":43},"data_copy",[37,14711,1067],{"class":51},[37,14713,56],{"class":55},[37,14715,777],{"class":59},[37,14717,56],{"class":55},[37,14719,13383],{"class":51},[37,14721,1342],{"class":47},[37,14723,14724],{"class":122}," 20\n",[37,14726,14727],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,14728,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,14730,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,14732,92],{"class":91},[37,14734,95],{"class":51},[37,14736,56],{"class":55},[37,14738,13403],{"class":59},[37,14740,56],{"class":55},[37,14742,65],{"class":51},[37,14744,14676],{"class":102},[37,14746,85],{"class":51},[37,14748,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14764],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,14750,92],{"class":91},[37,14752,95],{"class":51},[37,14754,56],{"class":55},[37,14756,13422],{"class":59},[37,14758,56],{"class":55},[37,14760,65],{"class":51},[37,14762,14763],{"class":102}," data_copy",[37,14765,85],{"class":51},[20,14767,14768],{},[110,14769,112],{},[28,14771,14773],{"className":30,"code":14772,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14774,14775,14807],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14776,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14778,13445],{"class":43},[37,14780,3013],{"class":51},[37,14782,10605],{"class":51},[37,14784,821],{"class":55},[37,14786,285],{"class":59},[37,14788,821],{"class":55},[37,14790,3013],{"class":51},[37,14792,6125],{"class":122},[37,14794,65],{"class":51},[37,14796,815],{"class":55},[37,14798,777],{"class":59},[37,14800,821],{"class":55},[37,14802,3013],{"class":51},[37,14804,890],{"class":122},[37,14806,9424],{"class":51},[37,14808,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14810,13482],{"class":43},[37,14812,3013],{"class":51},[37,14814,10605],{"class":51},[37,14816,821],{"class":55},[37,14818,285],{"class":59},[37,14820,821],{"class":55},[37,14822,3013],{"class":51},[37,14824,5619],{"class":122},[37,14826,65],{"class":51},[37,14828,815],{"class":55},[37,14830,777],{"class":59},[37,14832,821],{"class":55},[37,14834,3013],{"class":51},[37,14836,219],{"class":122},[37,14838,9424],{"class":51},[130,14840,1854],{"id":1853},[20,14842,14843,14844,3013],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14845,12547],{},[135,14847,14848,14855,14860,14865],{},[138,14849,1872,14850,1866,14852,14854],{},[15,14851,48],{},[15,14853,12889],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[138,14856,4699,14857,14859],{},[15,14858,12889],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[138,14861,14862,14863],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14864,12889],{},[138,14866,14867],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14869,14870],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[28,14872,14874],{"className":30,"code":14873,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14875,14876,14886,14896,14910,14933,14956],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,14877,14878,14880,14882,14884],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,14879,92],{"class":91},[37,14881,95],{"class":51},[37,14883,12245],{"class":102},[37,14885,85],{"class":51},[37,14887,14888,14890,14892,14894],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,14889,92],{"class":91},[37,14891,95],{"class":51},[37,14893,14440],{"class":102},[37,14895,85],{"class":51},[37,14897,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,14899,92],{"class":91},[37,14901,95],{"class":51},[37,14903,12198],{"class":102},[37,14905,12306],{"class":1483},[37,14907,14494],{"class":102},[37,14909,85],{"class":51},[37,14911,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14927,14929,14931],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,14913,92],{"class":91},[37,14915,95],{"class":51},[37,14917,12762],{"class":91},[37,14919,95],{"class":51},[37,14921,12245],{"class":102},[37,14923,516],{"class":51},[37,14925,14926],{"class":91}," id",[37,14928,95],{"class":51},[37,14930,14440],{"class":102},[37,14932,106],{"class":51},[37,14934,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14952,14954],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,14936,92],{"class":91},[37,14938,95],{"class":51},[37,14940,12762],{"class":91},[37,14942,95],{"class":51},[37,14944,12245],{"class":102},[37,14946,1067],{"class":51},[37,14948,56],{"class":55},[37,14950,14951],{"class":59},"key",[37,14953,56],{"class":55},[37,14955,1073],{"class":51},[37,14957,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,14959,92],{"class":91},[37,14961,95],{"class":51},[37,14963,12762],{"class":91},[37,14965,95],{"class":51},[37,14967,14440],{"class":102},[37,14969,1067],{"class":51},[37,14971,56],{"class":55},[37,14973,14951],{"class":59},[37,14975,56],{"class":55},[37,14977,1073],{"class":51},[20,14979,14980],{},"What these help you check:",[135,14982,14983,14986,14989],{},[138,14984,14985],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[138,14987,14988],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[138,14990,14991],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14993,14994,14995,292],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[285,14996,14998],{"href":14997},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[130,15000,1969],{"id":1968},[307,15002,1983,15004,15006],{"id":15003},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15005,12547],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15008,15009],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[307,15011,15013,15014,15016],{"id":15012},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15015,12547],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15018,15019],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[307,15021,5300,15023,851,15025,2623],{"id":15022},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15024,12889],{},[15,15026,48],{},[20,15028,15029,15031,15032,15034],{},[15,15030,12889],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15033,48],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[307,15036,15038],{"id":15037},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15040,15041],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[130,15043,2025],{"id":2024},[135,15045,15046,15050,15054,15058,15065,15071],{},[138,15047,15048],{},[285,15049,11357],{"href":13138},[138,15051,15052],{},[285,15053,9275],{"href":13135},[138,15055,15056],{},[285,15057,13900],{"href":13899},[138,15059,15060],{},[285,15061,10852,15062,10856],{"href":14142},[15,15063,15064],{},"update()",[138,15066,15067],{},[285,15068,10852,15069,10856],{"href":12936},[15,15070,11436],{},[138,15072,15073],{},[285,15074,15075],{"href":14997},"How to copy a list in Python",[2052,15077,15078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":15080},[15081,15082,15084,15085,15086,15087,15089,15095,15096,15097,15106],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":13107,"depth":88,"text":15083},"What the copy() method does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":13542,"depth":88,"text":13543},{"id":13903,"depth":88,"text":15088},"When to use copy()",{"id":14152,"depth":88,"text":15090,"children":15091},"copy() vs assignment",[15092,15093],{"id":14169,"depth":251,"text":14170},{"id":14377,"depth":251,"text":15094},"Using copy()",{"id":14608,"depth":88,"text":14609},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":15098},[15099,15101,15103,15105],{"id":15003,"depth":251,"text":15100},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15012,"depth":251,"text":15102},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15022,"depth":251,"text":15104},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15037,"depth":251,"text":15038},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12942,"description":15107},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15114,"title":15115,"body":15116,"description":17312,"extension":2099,"meta":17313,"navigation":254,"path":13138,"seo":17314,"stem":17315,"__hash__":17316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15117,"toc":17274},[15118,15121,15127,15136,15138,15214,15218,15267,15270,15272,15286,15289,15293,15306,15309,15342,15356,15359,15371,15375,15378,15386,15466,15470,15523,15527,15545,15547,15629,15632,15634,15637,15640,15663,15687,15691,15699,15702,15706,15715,15720,15778,15782,15815,15821,15827,15830,15885,15889,15939,15942,15948,15951,15959,15961,16006,16011,16020,16023,16026,16073,16075,16080,16083,16177,16181,16234,16237,16293,16296,16300,16303,16317,16321,16387,16391,16416,16419,16423,16501,16505,16508,16511,16531,16534,16587,16591,16594,16597,16610,16612,16701,16708,16711,16722,16724,16727,16747,16751,16754,16763,16766,16805,16809,16811,16820,16829,16831,16869,16873,16920,16924,16945,16949,16952,17064,17069,17166,17188,17190,17194,17201,17205,17211,17215,17218,17222,17225,17232,17240,17242,17268,17271],[10,15119,15115],{"id":15120},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15122,15123,15124,15126],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[110,15125,9251],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15128,15129,15130,3006,15132,292],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[285,15131,9275],{"href":9274},[285,15133,15135],{"href":15134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[130,15137,2140],{"id":2139},[28,15139,15141],{"className":30,"code":15140,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15142,15143,15151,15169,15183,15196,15200,15204],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15144,15145,15147,15149],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15146,12976],{"class":43},[37,15148,48],{"class":47},[37,15150,11607],{"class":51},[37,15152,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15154,11612],{"class":55},[37,15156,7790],{"class":59},[37,15158,56],{"class":55},[37,15160,3013],{"class":51},[37,15162,68],{"class":55},[37,15164,1646],{"class":59},[37,15166,56],{"class":55},[37,15168,11628],{"class":51},[37,15170,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,15172,11612],{"class":55},[37,15174,9415],{"class":59},[37,15176,56],{"class":55},[37,15178,3013],{"class":51},[37,15180,219],{"class":122},[37,15182,11628],{"class":51},[37,15184,15185,15187,15190,15192,15194],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,15186,11612],{"class":55},[37,15188,15189],{"class":59},"is_active",[37,15191,56],{"class":55},[37,15193,3013],{"class":51},[37,15195,6543],{"class":3977},[37,15197,15198],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,15199,9424],{"class":51},[37,15201,15202],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,15203,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,15205,15206,15208,15210,15212],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,15207,92],{"class":91},[37,15209,95],{"class":51},[37,15211,13735],{"class":102},[37,15213,85],{"class":51},[20,15215,15216],{},[110,15217,112],{},[28,15219,15221],{"className":30,"code":15220,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15222,15223],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15224,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15226,9394],{"class":51},[37,15228,821],{"class":55},[37,15230,7790],{"class":59},[37,15232,821],{"class":55},[37,15234,3013],{"class":51},[37,15236,815],{"class":55},[37,15238,1646],{"class":59},[37,15240,821],{"class":55},[37,15242,65],{"class":51},[37,15244,815],{"class":55},[37,15246,9415],{"class":59},[37,15248,821],{"class":55},[37,15250,3013],{"class":51},[37,15252,219],{"class":122},[37,15254,65],{"class":51},[37,15256,815],{"class":55},[37,15258,15189],{"class":59},[37,15260,821],{"class":55},[37,15262,3013],{"class":51},[37,15264,4039],{"class":3977},[37,15266,9424],{"class":51},[20,15268,15269],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[130,15271,133],{"id":132},[135,15273,15274,15277,15280,15283],{},[138,15275,15276],{},"What a dictionary is",[138,15278,15279],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[138,15281,15282],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[138,15284,15285],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[130,15287,15276],{"id":15288},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15290,9248,15291,292],{},[110,15292,9251],{},[135,15294,15295,15301],{},[138,15296,15297,15298,15300],{},"A ",[110,15299,14951],{}," is the label",[138,15302,15297,15303,15305],{},[110,15304,1215],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15307,15308],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[28,15310,15312],{"className":30,"code":15311,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15313,15314,15322,15338],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15315,15316,15318,15320],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15317,12976],{"class":43},[37,15319,48],{"class":47},[37,15321,11607],{"class":51},[37,15323,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15325,11612],{"class":55},[37,15327,7790],{"class":59},[37,15329,56],{"class":55},[37,15331,3013],{"class":51},[37,15333,68],{"class":55},[37,15335,1646],{"class":59},[37,15337,3484],{"class":55},[37,15339,15340],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,15341,9424],{"class":51},[135,15343,15344,15350],{},[138,15345,15346,15349],{},[15,15347,15348],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[138,15351,15352,15355],{},[15,15353,15354],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15357,15358],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[135,15360,15361,15363,15365,15368],{},[138,15362,7790],{},[138,15364,9415],{},[138,15366,15367],{},"email",[138,15369,15370],{},"country",[130,15372,15374],{"id":15373},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15376,15377],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15379,22,15380,15382,15383,292],{},[15,15381,3918],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15384,15385],{},"key: value",[28,15387,15389],{"className":30,"code":15388,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15390,15391,15399,15417,15431,15448,15452,15456],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15392,15393,15395,15397],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15394,12976],{"class":43},[37,15396,48],{"class":47},[37,15398,11607],{"class":51},[37,15400,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15402,11612],{"class":55},[37,15404,7790],{"class":59},[37,15406,56],{"class":55},[37,15408,3013],{"class":51},[37,15410,68],{"class":55},[37,15412,1646],{"class":59},[37,15414,56],{"class":55},[37,15416,11628],{"class":51},[37,15418,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,15420,11612],{"class":55},[37,15422,9415],{"class":59},[37,15424,56],{"class":55},[37,15426,3013],{"class":51},[37,15428,219],{"class":122},[37,15430,11628],{"class":51},[37,15432,15433,15435,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,15434,11612],{"class":55},[37,15436,15437],{"class":59},"course",[37,15439,56],{"class":55},[37,15441,3013],{"class":51},[37,15443,68],{"class":55},[37,15445,7418],{"class":59},[37,15447,3484],{"class":55},[37,15449,15450],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,15451,9424],{"class":51},[37,15453,15454],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,15455,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,15457,15458,15460,15462,15464],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,15459,92],{"class":91},[37,15461,95],{"class":51},[37,15463,13735],{"class":102},[37,15465,85],{"class":51},[20,15467,15468],{},[110,15469,112],{},[28,15471,15473],{"className":30,"code":15472,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15474,15475],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15476,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15478,9394],{"class":51},[37,15480,821],{"class":55},[37,15482,7790],{"class":59},[37,15484,821],{"class":55},[37,15486,3013],{"class":51},[37,15488,815],{"class":55},[37,15490,1646],{"class":59},[37,15492,821],{"class":55},[37,15494,65],{"class":51},[37,15496,815],{"class":55},[37,15498,9415],{"class":59},[37,15500,821],{"class":55},[37,15502,3013],{"class":51},[37,15504,219],{"class":122},[37,15506,65],{"class":51},[37,15508,815],{"class":55},[37,15510,15437],{"class":59},[37,15512,821],{"class":55},[37,15514,3013],{"class":51},[37,15516,815],{"class":55},[37,15518,7418],{"class":59},[37,15520,821],{"class":55},[37,15522,9424],{"class":51},[307,15524,15526],{"id":15525},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[135,15528,15529,15534,15539,15542],{},[138,15530,22,15531,15533],{},[15,15532,3918],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[138,15535,15536,15537],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15538,15385],{},[138,15540,15541],{},"Separate items with commas",[138,15543,15544],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15546,197],{},[28,15548,15550],{"className":30,"code":15549,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15551,15552,15561,15581,15597,15610,15614,15618],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15553,15554,15557,15559],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15555,15556],{"class":43},"book ",[37,15558,48],{"class":47},[37,15560,11607],{"class":51},[37,15562,15563,15565,15568,15570,15572,15574,15577,15579],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15564,11612],{"class":55},[37,15566,15567],{"class":59},"title",[37,15569,56],{"class":55},[37,15571,3013],{"class":51},[37,15573,68],{"class":55},[37,15575,15576],{"class":59},"Python Basics",[37,15578,56],{"class":55},[37,15580,11628],{"class":51},[37,15582,15583,15585,15588,15590,15592,15595],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,15584,11612],{"class":55},[37,15586,15587],{"class":59},"pages",[37,15589,56],{"class":55},[37,15591,3013],{"class":51},[37,15593,15594],{"class":122}," 150",[37,15596,11628],{"class":51},[37,15598,15599,15601,15604,15606,15608],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,15600,11612],{"class":55},[37,15602,15603],{"class":59},"available",[37,15605,56],{"class":55},[37,15607,3013],{"class":51},[37,15609,6543],{"class":3977},[37,15611,15612],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,15613,9424],{"class":51},[37,15615,15616],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,15617,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,15619,15620,15622,15624,15627],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,15621,92],{"class":91},[37,15623,95],{"class":51},[37,15625,15626],{"class":102},"book",[37,15628,85],{"class":51},[20,15630,15631],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[130,15633,9518],{"id":9517},[20,15635,15636],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15638,15639],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[28,15641,15643],{"className":30,"code":15642,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15644,15645,15653],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15646,15647,15649,15651],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15648,494],{"class":43},[37,15650,48],{"class":47},[37,15652,9953],{"class":51},[37,15654,15655,15657,15659,15661],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15656,92],{"class":91},[37,15658,95],{"class":51},[37,15660,543],{"class":102},[37,15662,85],{"class":51},[28,15664,15665],{"className":30,"code":9521,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,15666,15667,15677],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15668,15669,15671,15673,15675],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15670,494],{"class":43},[37,15672,48],{"class":47},[37,15674,9289],{"class":756},[37,15676,8761],{"class":51},[37,15678,15679,15681,15683,15685],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15680,92],{"class":91},[37,15682,95],{"class":51},[37,15684,543],{"class":102},[37,15686,85],{"class":51},[20,15688,15689],{},[110,15690,112],{},[28,15692,15693],{"className":30,"code":9550,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,15694,15695],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15696,15697],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15698,9550],{"class":51},[20,15700,15701],{},"Both are correct.",[307,15703,15705],{"id":15704},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15707,15708,15710,15711,15714],{},[15,15709,3918],{}," creates an empty ",[110,15712,15713],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15716,15717,15718,292],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15719,3923],{},[28,15721,15723],{"className":30,"code":15722,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15724,15725,15733,15745,15749,15763],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15726,15727,15729,15731],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15728,11837],{"class":43},[37,15730,48],{"class":47},[37,15732,9953],{"class":51},[37,15734,15735,15738,15740,15743],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15736,15737],{"class":43},"my_set ",[37,15739,48],{"class":47},[37,15741,15742],{"class":756}," set",[37,15744,8761],{"class":51},[37,15746,15747],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,15748,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,15750,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,15752,92],{"class":91},[37,15754,95],{"class":51},[37,15756,757],{"class":756},[37,15758,95],{"class":51},[37,15760,11565],{"class":102},[37,15762,106],{"class":51},[37,15764,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15776],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,15766,92],{"class":91},[37,15768,95],{"class":51},[37,15770,757],{"class":756},[37,15772,95],{"class":51},[37,15774,15775],{"class":102},"my_set",[37,15777,106],{"class":51},[20,15779,15780],{},[110,15781,112],{},[28,15783,15785],{"className":30,"code":15784,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15786,15787,15801],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15788,15789,15791,15793,15795,15797,15799],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15790,808],{"class":47},[37,15792,812],{"class":811},[37,15794,815],{"class":55},[37,15796,8940],{"class":59},[37,15798,821],{"class":55},[37,15800,824],{"class":47},[37,15802,15803,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15804,808],{"class":47},[37,15806,812],{"class":811},[37,15808,815],{"class":55},[37,15810,6408],{"class":59},[37,15812,821],{"class":55},[37,15814,824],{"class":47},[130,15816,15818,15819],{"id":15817},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15820,9239],{},[20,15822,15823,15824,15826],{},"You can also use ",[15,15825,9239],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15828,15829],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[28,15831,15833],{"className":30,"code":15832,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15834,15835,15875],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15836,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15864,15866,15869,15871,15873],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15838,12976],{"class":43},[37,15840,48],{"class":47},[37,15842,9289],{"class":756},[37,15844,95],{"class":51},[37,15846,7790],{"class":9294},[37,15848,48],{"class":47},[37,15850,56],{"class":55},[37,15852,1646],{"class":59},[37,15854,56],{"class":55},[37,15856,65],{"class":51},[37,15858,9307],{"class":9294},[37,15860,48],{"class":47},[37,15862,15863],{"class":122},"20",[37,15865,65],{"class":51},[37,15867,15868],{"class":9294}," active",[37,15870,48],{"class":47},[37,15872,3729],{"class":3977},[37,15874,85],{"class":51},[37,15876,15877,15879,15881,15883],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15878,92],{"class":91},[37,15880,95],{"class":51},[37,15882,13735],{"class":102},[37,15884,85],{"class":51},[20,15886,15887],{},[110,15888,112],{},[28,15890,15892],{"className":30,"code":15891,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15893,15894],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15895,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15931,15933,15935,15937],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15897,9394],{"class":51},[37,15899,821],{"class":55},[37,15901,7790],{"class":59},[37,15903,821],{"class":55},[37,15905,3013],{"class":51},[37,15907,815],{"class":55},[37,15909,1646],{"class":59},[37,15911,821],{"class":55},[37,15913,65],{"class":51},[37,15915,815],{"class":55},[37,15917,9415],{"class":59},[37,15919,821],{"class":55},[37,15921,3013],{"class":51},[37,15923,219],{"class":122},[37,15925,65],{"class":51},[37,15927,815],{"class":55},[37,15929,15930],{"class":59},"active",[37,15932,821],{"class":55},[37,15934,3013],{"class":51},[37,15936,4039],{"class":3977},[37,15938,9424],{"class":51},[20,15940,15941],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[307,15943,15945,15946],{"id":15944},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15947,9239],{},[20,15949,15950],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[135,15952,15953,15956],{},[138,15954,15955],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[138,15957,15958],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15960,6809],{},[28,15962,15964],{"className":30,"code":15963,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15965,15966,15996],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,15967,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,15969,1637],{"class":43},[37,15971,48],{"class":47},[37,15973,9289],{"class":756},[37,15975,95],{"class":51},[37,15977,7790],{"class":9294},[37,15979,48],{"class":47},[37,15981,56],{"class":55},[37,15983,7799],{"class":59},[37,15985,56],{"class":55},[37,15987,65],{"class":51},[37,15989,9307],{"class":9294},[37,15991,48],{"class":47},[37,15993,9312],{"class":122},[37,15995,85],{"class":51},[37,15997,15998,16000,16002,16004],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,15999,92],{"class":91},[37,16001,95],{"class":51},[37,16003,1679],{"class":102},[37,16005,85],{"class":51},[20,16007,4747,16008,16010],{},[110,16009,711],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[28,16012,16014],{"className":30,"code":16013,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16015,16016],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16017,16018],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16019,16013],{"class":3788},[20,16021,16022],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16024,16025],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[28,16027,16029],{"className":30,"code":16028,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16030,16031,16039,16055,16059,16063],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16032,16033,16035,16037],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16034,1637],{"class":43},[37,16036,48],{"class":47},[37,16038,11607],{"class":51},[37,16040,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16042,11612],{"class":55},[37,16044,10610],{"class":59},[37,16046,56],{"class":55},[37,16048,3013],{"class":51},[37,16050,68],{"class":55},[37,16052,7799],{"class":59},[37,16054,3484],{"class":55},[37,16056,16057],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16058,9424],{"class":51},[37,16060,16061],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,16062,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16064,16065,16067,16069,16071],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,16066,92],{"class":91},[37,16068,95],{"class":51},[37,16070,1679],{"class":102},[37,16072,85],{"class":51},[130,16074,9560],{"id":9559},[20,16076,16077,16079],{},[15,16078,9239],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16081,16082],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[28,16084,16086],{"className":30,"code":16085,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16087,16088,16145,16149,16163,16167],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16089,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16141,16143],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16091,9333],{"class":43},[37,16093,48],{"class":47},[37,16095,9338],{"class":51},[37,16097,56],{"class":55},[37,16099,7790],{"class":59},[37,16101,56],{"class":55},[37,16103,65],{"class":51},[37,16105,68],{"class":55},[37,16107,1646],{"class":59},[37,16109,56],{"class":55},[37,16111,516],{"class":51},[37,16113,52],{"class":51},[37,16115,56],{"class":55},[37,16117,9415],{"class":59},[37,16119,56],{"class":55},[37,16121,65],{"class":51},[37,16123,219],{"class":122},[37,16125,516],{"class":51},[37,16127,52],{"class":51},[37,16129,56],{"class":55},[37,16131,10523],{"class":59},[37,16133,56],{"class":55},[37,16135,65],{"class":51},[37,16137,68],{"class":55},[37,16139,16140],{"class":59},"Lima",[37,16142,56],{"class":55},[37,16144,9365],{"class":51},[37,16146,16147],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16148,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16150,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16152,12976],{"class":43},[37,16154,48],{"class":47},[37,16156,9289],{"class":756},[37,16158,95],{"class":51},[37,16160,9378],{"class":102},[37,16162,85],{"class":51},[37,16164,16165],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,16166,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16168,16169,16171,16173,16175],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,16170,92],{"class":91},[37,16172,95],{"class":51},[37,16174,13735],{"class":102},[37,16176,85],{"class":51},[20,16178,16179],{},[110,16180,112],{},[28,16182,16184],{"className":30,"code":16183,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16185,16186],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16187,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16189,9394],{"class":51},[37,16191,821],{"class":55},[37,16193,7790],{"class":59},[37,16195,821],{"class":55},[37,16197,3013],{"class":51},[37,16199,815],{"class":55},[37,16201,1646],{"class":59},[37,16203,821],{"class":55},[37,16205,65],{"class":51},[37,16207,815],{"class":55},[37,16209,9415],{"class":59},[37,16211,821],{"class":55},[37,16213,3013],{"class":51},[37,16215,219],{"class":122},[37,16217,65],{"class":51},[37,16219,815],{"class":55},[37,16221,10523],{"class":59},[37,16223,821],{"class":55},[37,16225,3013],{"class":51},[37,16227,815],{"class":55},[37,16229,16140],{"class":59},[37,16231,821],{"class":55},[37,16233,9424],{"class":51},[20,16235,16236],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[28,16238,16240],{"className":30,"code":16239,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16241,16242,16283],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16243,16244,16246,16248,16250,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16245,12976],{"class":43},[37,16247,48],{"class":47},[37,16249,9289],{"class":756},[37,16251,16252],{"class":51},"(((",[37,16254,56],{"class":55},[37,16256,7790],{"class":59},[37,16258,56],{"class":55},[37,16260,65],{"class":51},[37,16262,68],{"class":55},[37,16264,1646],{"class":59},[37,16266,56],{"class":55},[37,16268,516],{"class":51},[37,16270,52],{"class":51},[37,16272,56],{"class":55},[37,16274,9415],{"class":59},[37,16276,56],{"class":55},[37,16278,65],{"class":51},[37,16280,219],{"class":122},[37,16282,3041],{"class":51},[37,16284,16285,16287,16289,16291],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16286,92],{"class":91},[37,16288,95],{"class":51},[37,16290,13735],{"class":102},[37,16292,85],{"class":51},[20,16294,16295],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[130,16297,16299],{"id":16298},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16301,16302],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[135,16304,16305,16308,16311,16314],{},[138,16306,16307],{},"Keys must be unique",[138,16309,16310],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[138,16312,16313],{},"Values can repeat",[138,16315,16316],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[307,16318,16320],{"id":16319},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[28,16322,16324],{"className":30,"code":16323,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16325,16326,16334,16352,16369,16373,16377],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16327,16328,16330,16332],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16329,494],{"class":43},[37,16331,48],{"class":47},[37,16333,11607],{"class":51},[37,16335,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16337,11612],{"class":55},[37,16339,7790],{"class":59},[37,16341,56],{"class":55},[37,16343,3013],{"class":51},[37,16345,68],{"class":55},[37,16347,1646],{"class":59},[37,16349,56],{"class":55},[37,16351,11628],{"class":51},[37,16353,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16364,16367],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16355,11612],{"class":55},[37,16357,7790],{"class":59},[37,16359,56],{"class":55},[37,16361,3013],{"class":51},[37,16363,68],{"class":55},[37,16365,16366],{"class":59},"Maria",[37,16368,3484],{"class":55},[37,16370,16371],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,16372,9424],{"class":51},[37,16374,16375],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,16376,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16378,16379,16381,16383,16385],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,16380,92],{"class":91},[37,16382,95],{"class":51},[37,16384,543],{"class":102},[37,16386,85],{"class":51},[20,16388,16389],{},[110,16390,112],{},[28,16392,16394],{"className":30,"code":16393,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16395,16396],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16397,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16399,9394],{"class":51},[37,16401,821],{"class":55},[37,16403,7790],{"class":59},[37,16405,821],{"class":55},[37,16407,3013],{"class":51},[37,16409,815],{"class":55},[37,16411,16366],{"class":59},[37,16413,821],{"class":55},[37,16415,9424],{"class":51},[20,16417,16418],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[307,16420,16422],{"id":16421},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[28,16424,16426],{"className":30,"code":16425,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16427,16428,16436,16452,16468,16482,16486,16490],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16429,16430,16432,16434],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16431,5183],{"class":43},[37,16433,48],{"class":47},[37,16435,11607],{"class":51},[37,16437,16438,16441,16443,16445,16448,16450],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16439,16440],{"class":122},"    1",[37,16442,3013],{"class":51},[37,16444,68],{"class":55},[37,16446,16447],{"class":59},"low",[37,16449,56],{"class":55},[37,16451,11628],{"class":51},[37,16453,16454,16457,16459,16461,16464,16466],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16455,16456],{"class":122},"    2",[37,16458,3013],{"class":51},[37,16460,68],{"class":55},[37,16462,16463],{"class":59},"medium",[37,16465,56],{"class":55},[37,16467,11628],{"class":51},[37,16469,16470,16473,16475,16477,16480],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,16471,16472],{"class":122},"    3",[37,16474,3013],{"class":51},[37,16476,68],{"class":55},[37,16478,16479],{"class":59},"high",[37,16481,3484],{"class":55},[37,16483,16484],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,16485,9424],{"class":51},[37,16487,16488],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,16489,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16491,16492,16494,16496,16499],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,16493,92],{"class":91},[37,16495,95],{"class":51},[37,16497,16498],{"class":102},"scores",[37,16500,85],{"class":51},[307,16502,16504],{"id":16503},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16506,16507],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16509,16510],{},"This will cause an error:",[28,16512,16514],{"className":30,"code":16513,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16515,16516,16521,16526],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16517,16518],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16519,16520],{"class":3788},"# bad = {\n",[37,16522,16523],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16524,16525],{"class":3788},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[37,16527,16528],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16529,16530],{"class":3788},"# }\n",[20,16532,16533],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[28,16535,16537],{"className":30,"code":16536,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16538,16539,16548,16568,16572,16576],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16540,16541,16544,16546],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16542,16543],{"class":43},"good ",[37,16545,48],{"class":47},[37,16547,11607],{"class":51},[37,16549,16550,16553,16555,16557,16559,16562,16564,16566],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16551,16552],{"class":51},"    (",[37,16554,501],{"class":122},[37,16556,65],{"class":51},[37,16558,890],{"class":122},[37,16560,16561],{"class":51},"):",[37,16563,68],{"class":55},[37,16565,246],{"class":59},[37,16567,3484],{"class":55},[37,16569,16570],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16571,9424],{"class":51},[37,16573,16574],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,16575,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16577,16578,16580,16582,16585],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,16579,92],{"class":91},[37,16581,95],{"class":51},[37,16583,16584],{"class":102},"good",[37,16586,85],{"class":51},[130,16588,16590],{"id":16589},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16592,16593],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16595,16596],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[135,16598,16599,16602,16604,16607],{},[138,16600,16601],{},"user data",[138,16603,13994],{},[138,16605,16606],{},"counters",[138,16608,16609],{},"lookups",[20,16611,197],{},[28,16613,16615],{"className":30,"code":16614,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16616,16617,16625,16644,16663,16675,16679,16683],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16618,16619,16621,16623],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16620,1637],{"class":43},[37,16622,48],{"class":47},[37,16624,11607],{"class":51},[37,16626,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16640,16642],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16628,11612],{"class":55},[37,16630,8105],{"class":59},[37,16632,56],{"class":55},[37,16634,3013],{"class":51},[37,16636,68],{"class":55},[37,16638,16639],{"class":59},"ana123",[37,16641,56],{"class":55},[37,16643,11628],{"class":51},[37,16645,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656,16659,16661],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,16647,11612],{"class":55},[37,16649,15367],{"class":59},[37,16651,56],{"class":55},[37,16653,3013],{"class":51},[37,16655,68],{"class":55},[37,16657,16658],{"class":59},"ana@example.com",[37,16660,56],{"class":55},[37,16662,11628],{"class":51},[37,16664,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,16666,11612],{"class":55},[37,16668,12627],{"class":59},[37,16670,56],{"class":55},[37,16672,3013],{"class":51},[37,16674,6543],{"class":3977},[37,16676,16677],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,16678,9424],{"class":51},[37,16680,16681],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,16682,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16684,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,16686,92],{"class":91},[37,16688,95],{"class":51},[37,16690,1679],{"class":102},[37,16692,1067],{"class":51},[37,16694,56],{"class":55},[37,16696,15367],{"class":59},[37,16698,56],{"class":55},[37,16700,530],{"class":51},[20,16702,16703,16704,292],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[285,16705,16707],{"href":16706},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16709,16710],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[135,16712,16713,16716,16719],{},[138,16714,16715],{},"labels are not needed",[138,16717,16718],{},"you mostly care about position",[138,16720,16721],{},"order matters more than named fields",[130,16723,1854],{"id":1853},[20,16725,16726],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[135,16728,16729,16732,16735,16738,16741],{},[138,16730,16731],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[138,16733,16734],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[138,16736,16737],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[138,16739,16740],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[138,16742,16743,16744,16746],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16745,3918],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[307,16748,16750],{"id":16749},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16752,16753],{},"Wrong:",[28,16755,16757],{"className":30,"code":16756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16758,16759],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16760,16761],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16762,16756],{"class":3788},[20,16764,16765],{},"Correct:",[28,16767,16769],{"className":30,"code":16768,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16770,16771,16795],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16772,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16774,12976],{"class":43},[37,16776,48],{"class":47},[37,16778,10605],{"class":51},[37,16780,56],{"class":55},[37,16782,7790],{"class":59},[37,16784,56],{"class":55},[37,16786,3013],{"class":51},[37,16788,68],{"class":55},[37,16790,1646],{"class":59},[37,16792,56],{"class":55},[37,16794,9424],{"class":51},[37,16796,16797,16799,16801,16803],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16798,92],{"class":91},[37,16800,95],{"class":51},[37,16802,13735],{"class":102},[37,16804,85],{"class":51},[307,16806,16808],{"id":16807},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16810,16753],{},[28,16812,16814],{"className":30,"code":16813,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16815,16816],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16817,16818],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16819,16813],{"class":3788},[20,16821,16822,16823,16825,16826,16828],{},"This only works if ",[15,16824,7790],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16827,15348],{},", use quotes.",[20,16830,16765],{},[28,16832,16833],{"className":30,"code":16768,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,16834,16835,16859],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16836,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16838,12976],{"class":43},[37,16840,48],{"class":47},[37,16842,10605],{"class":51},[37,16844,56],{"class":55},[37,16846,7790],{"class":59},[37,16848,56],{"class":55},[37,16850,3013],{"class":51},[37,16852,68],{"class":55},[37,16854,1646],{"class":59},[37,16856,56],{"class":55},[37,16858,9424],{"class":51},[37,16860,16861,16863,16865,16867],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16862,92],{"class":91},[37,16864,95],{"class":51},[37,16866,13735],{"class":102},[37,16868,85],{"class":51},[307,16870,16872],{"id":16871},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[28,16874,16876],{"className":30,"code":16875,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16877,16878,16910],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16879,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16881,494],{"class":43},[37,16883,48],{"class":47},[37,16885,10605],{"class":51},[37,16887,56],{"class":55},[37,16889,9415],{"class":59},[37,16891,56],{"class":55},[37,16893,3013],{"class":51},[37,16895,219],{"class":122},[37,16897,65],{"class":51},[37,16899,68],{"class":55},[37,16901,9415],{"class":59},[37,16903,56],{"class":55},[37,16905,3013],{"class":51},[37,16907,224],{"class":122},[37,16909,9424],{"class":51},[37,16911,16912,16914,16916,16918],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16913,92],{"class":91},[37,16915,95],{"class":51},[37,16917,543],{"class":102},[37,16919,85],{"class":51},[20,16921,16922],{},[110,16923,112],{},[28,16925,16927],{"className":30,"code":16926,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16928,16929],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16930,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16932,9394],{"class":51},[37,16934,821],{"class":55},[37,16936,9415],{"class":59},[37,16938,821],{"class":55},[37,16940,3013],{"class":51},[37,16942,224],{"class":122},[37,16944,9424],{"class":51},[130,16946,16948],{"id":16947},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16950,16951],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[28,16953,16955],{"className":30,"code":16954,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16956,16957,16993,16997,17007,17021,17036,17050],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,16958,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989,16991],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,16960,11837],{"class":43},[37,16962,48],{"class":47},[37,16964,10605],{"class":51},[37,16966,56],{"class":55},[37,16968,7790],{"class":59},[37,16970,56],{"class":55},[37,16972,3013],{"class":51},[37,16974,68],{"class":55},[37,16976,1646],{"class":59},[37,16978,56],{"class":55},[37,16980,65],{"class":51},[37,16982,68],{"class":55},[37,16984,9415],{"class":59},[37,16986,56],{"class":55},[37,16988,3013],{"class":51},[37,16990,219],{"class":122},[37,16992,9424],{"class":51},[37,16994,16995],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,16996,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,16998,16999,17001,17003,17005],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,17000,92],{"class":91},[37,17002,95],{"class":51},[37,17004,11565],{"class":102},[37,17006,85],{"class":51},[37,17008,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,17010,92],{"class":91},[37,17012,95],{"class":51},[37,17014,757],{"class":756},[37,17016,95],{"class":51},[37,17018,11565],{"class":102},[37,17020,106],{"class":51},[37,17022,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17034],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,17024,92],{"class":91},[37,17026,95],{"class":51},[37,17028,11565],{"class":102},[37,17030,292],{"class":51},[37,17032,17033],{"class":102},"keys",[37,17035,7315],{"class":51},[37,17037,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,17039,92],{"class":91},[37,17041,95],{"class":51},[37,17043,11565],{"class":102},[37,17045,292],{"class":51},[37,17047,1160],{"class":102},[37,17049,7315],{"class":51},[37,17051,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,17053,92],{"class":91},[37,17055,95],{"class":51},[37,17057,17],{"class":91},[37,17059,95],{"class":51},[37,17061,11565],{"class":102},[37,17063,106],{"class":51},[20,17065,17066],{},[110,17067,17068],{},"Example output:",[28,17070,17072],{"className":30,"code":17071,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17073,17074,17106,17120,17143,17162],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17075,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17077,9394],{"class":51},[37,17079,821],{"class":55},[37,17081,7790],{"class":59},[37,17083,821],{"class":55},[37,17085,3013],{"class":51},[37,17087,815],{"class":55},[37,17089,1646],{"class":59},[37,17091,821],{"class":55},[37,17093,65],{"class":51},[37,17095,815],{"class":55},[37,17097,9415],{"class":59},[37,17099,821],{"class":55},[37,17101,3013],{"class":51},[37,17103,219],{"class":122},[37,17105,9424],{"class":51},[37,17107,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,17109,808],{"class":47},[37,17111,812],{"class":811},[37,17113,815],{"class":55},[37,17115,8940],{"class":59},[37,17117,821],{"class":55},[37,17119,824],{"class":47},[37,17121,17122,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,17123,17124],{"class":102},"dict_keys",[37,17126,3115],{"class":51},[37,17128,821],{"class":55},[37,17130,7790],{"class":59},[37,17132,821],{"class":55},[37,17134,65],{"class":51},[37,17136,815],{"class":55},[37,17138,9415],{"class":59},[37,17140,821],{"class":55},[37,17142,530],{"class":51},[37,17144,17145,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,17146,17147],{"class":102},"dict_values",[37,17149,3115],{"class":51},[37,17151,821],{"class":55},[37,17153,1646],{"class":59},[37,17155,821],{"class":55},[37,17157,65],{"class":51},[37,17159,219],{"class":122},[37,17161,530],{"class":51},[37,17163,17164],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,17165,1008],{"class":122},[20,17167,17168,17169,2321,17175,17181,17182,292],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[285,17170,10852,17172],{"href":17171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17173,17174],{},"keys()",[285,17176,10852,17178],{"href":17177},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17179,17180],{},"values()",", and ",[285,17183,10852,17185],{"href":17184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17186,17187],{},"items()",[130,17189,1969],{"id":1968},[307,17191,17193],{"id":17192},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17195,22,17196,3006,17198,17200],{},[15,17197,3918],{},[15,17199,9239],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[307,17202,17204],{"id":17203},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17206,17207,17208,292],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17209,17210],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[307,17212,17214],{"id":17213},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17216,17217],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[307,17219,17221],{"id":17220},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17223,17224],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[307,17226,5300,17228,851,17230,2623],{"id":17227},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17229,3918],{},[15,17231,9239],{},[20,17233,17234,17236,17237,17239],{},[15,17235,3918],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17238,9239],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[130,17241,2025],{"id":2024},[135,17243,17244,17248,17254,17258,17264],{},[138,17245,17246],{},[285,17247,9275],{"href":9274},[138,17249,17250],{},[285,17251,10852,17252,10856],{"href":10851},[15,17253,10855],{},[138,17255,17256],{},[285,17257,11366],{"href":10846},[138,17259,17260],{},[285,17261,17263],{"href":17262},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[138,17265,17266],{},[285,17267,11377],{"href":11190},[20,17269,17270],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2052,17272,17273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":17275},[17276,17277,17278,17279,17282,17285,17290,17291,17296,17297,17302,17303,17311],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":15288,"depth":88,"text":15276},{"id":15373,"depth":88,"text":15374,"children":17280},[17281],{"id":15525,"depth":251,"text":15526},{"id":9517,"depth":88,"text":9518,"children":17283},[17284],{"id":15704,"depth":251,"text":15705},{"id":15817,"depth":88,"text":17286,"children":17287},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17288],{"id":15944,"depth":251,"text":17289},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9559,"depth":88,"text":9560},{"id":16298,"depth":88,"text":16299,"children":17292},[17293,17294,17295],{"id":16319,"depth":251,"text":16320},{"id":16421,"depth":251,"text":16422},{"id":16503,"depth":251,"text":16504},{"id":16589,"depth":88,"text":16590},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":17298},[17299,17300,17301],{"id":16749,"depth":251,"text":16750},{"id":16807,"depth":251,"text":16808},{"id":16871,"depth":251,"text":16872},{"id":16947,"depth":88,"text":16948},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":17304},[17305,17306,17307,17308,17309],{"id":17192,"depth":251,"text":17193},{"id":17203,"depth":251,"text":17204},{"id":17213,"depth":251,"text":17214},{"id":17220,"depth":251,"text":17221},{"id":17227,"depth":251,"text":17310},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15115,"description":17312},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17318,"title":17319,"body":17320,"description":19768,"extension":2099,"meta":19769,"navigation":254,"path":19770,"seo":19771,"stem":19772,"__hash__":19773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17321,"toc":19724},[17322,17328,17334,17337,17340,17342,17424,17430,17435,17439,17457,17469,17474,17478,17501,17505,17517,17525,17529,17535,17537,17540,17613,17615,17660,17662,17679,17684,17690,17695,17769,17771,17816,17819,17830,17832,17951,17953,18006,18013,18017,18020,18037,18043,18047,18145,18147,18198,18205,18209,18215,18218,18221,18248,18253,18257,18260,18364,18366,18411,18414,18417,18422,18427,18438,18440,18501,18561,18567,18575,18581,18586,18591,18651,18655,18722,18725,18729,18800,18803,18816,18823,18825,18829,18833,18904,18906,18943,18946,18949,19012,19019,19022,19064,19074,19077,19146,19152,19157,19241,19243,19292,19299,19305,19350,19352,19385,19390,19394,19400,19439,19483,19551,19594,19596,19602,19605,19609,19614,19618,19621,19625,19627,19688,19690,19716,19721],[10,17323,11433,17325,11437],{"id":17324},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17326,17327],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17329,17330,17333],{},[15,17331,17332],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17335,17336],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17338,17339],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[130,17341,2140],{"id":2139},[28,17343,17345],{"className":30,"code":17344,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17346,17347,17380,17408,17419],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17348,17349,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17350,17351],{"class":43},"keys ",[37,17353,48],{"class":47},[37,17355,519],{"class":51},[37,17357,56],{"class":55},[37,17359,7790],{"class":59},[37,17361,56],{"class":55},[37,17363,65],{"class":51},[37,17365,68],{"class":55},[37,17367,9415],{"class":59},[37,17369,56],{"class":55},[37,17371,65],{"class":51},[37,17373,68],{"class":55},[37,17375,10523],{"class":59},[37,17377,56],{"class":55},[37,17379,3760],{"class":51},[37,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17404,17406],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,17383,13314],{"class":43},[37,17385,48],{"class":47},[37,17387,9289],{"class":756},[37,17389,292],{"class":51},[37,17391,17392],{"class":102},"fromkeys",[37,17394,95],{"class":51},[37,17396,17033],{"class":102},[37,17398,65],{"class":51},[37,17400,68],{"class":55},[37,17402,17403],{"class":59},"unknown",[37,17405,56],{"class":55},[37,17407,85],{"class":51},[37,17409,17410,17412,17414,17417],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,17411,92],{"class":91},[37,17413,95],{"class":51},[37,17415,17416],{"class":102},"person",[37,17418,85],{"class":51},[37,17420,17421],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,17422,17423],{"class":3788},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17425,22,17426,17429],{},[15,17427,17428],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[130,17431,296,17433,3805],{"id":17432},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17434,17332],{},[20,17436,17437,3013],{},[15,17438,17332],{},[135,17440,17441,17444,17447,17450],{},[138,17442,17443],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[138,17445,17446],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[138,17448,17449],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[138,17451,17452,17453,17456],{},"Is called as ",[15,17454,17455],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17458,17459,17460,17462,17463,17465,17466,292],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17461,8940],{},", so you write ",[15,17464,17455],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17467,17468],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17470,17471,17472,292],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[285,17473,9275],{"href":13135},[130,17475,17477],{"id":17476},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[28,17479,17481],{"className":30,"code":17480,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17482,17483],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17484,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17486,8940],{"class":756},[37,17488,292],{"class":51},[37,17490,17392],{"class":102},[37,17492,95],{"class":51},[37,17494,3846],{"class":102},[37,17496,65],{"class":51},[37,17498,8551],{"class":102},[37,17500,85],{"class":51},[307,17502,17504],{"id":17503},"parameters","Parameters",[135,17506,17507,17512],{},[138,17508,17509,17511],{},[15,17510,3846],{},": the keys to use",[138,17513,17514,17516],{},[15,17515,1215],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17518,17519,17520,17522,17523,292],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17521,1215],{},", each key gets ",[15,17524,3904],{},[307,17526,17528],{"id":17527},"return-value","Return value",[20,17530,17531,17532,292],{},"It returns a ",[110,17533,17534],{},"new dictionary",[130,17536,5909],{"id":5908},[20,17538,17539],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[28,17541,17543],{"className":30,"code":17542,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17544,17545,17577,17599,17603],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17546,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17548,17351],{"class":43},[37,17550,48],{"class":47},[37,17552,519],{"class":51},[37,17554,56],{"class":55},[37,17556,60],{"class":59},[37,17558,56],{"class":55},[37,17560,65],{"class":51},[37,17562,68],{"class":55},[37,17564,71],{"class":59},[37,17566,56],{"class":55},[37,17568,65],{"class":51},[37,17570,68],{"class":55},[37,17572,80],{"class":59},[37,17574,56],{"class":55},[37,17576,3760],{"class":51},[37,17578,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,17580,44],{"class":43},[37,17582,48],{"class":47},[37,17584,9289],{"class":756},[37,17586,292],{"class":51},[37,17588,17392],{"class":102},[37,17590,95],{"class":51},[37,17592,17033],{"class":102},[37,17594,65],{"class":51},[37,17596,1498],{"class":122},[37,17598,85],{"class":51},[37,17600,17601],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,17602,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,17604,17605,17607,17609,17611],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,17606,92],{"class":91},[37,17608,95],{"class":51},[37,17610,103],{"class":102},[37,17612,85],{"class":51},[20,17614,112],{},[28,17616,17618],{"className":30,"code":17617,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17619,17620],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17621,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17623,9394],{"class":51},[37,17625,821],{"class":55},[37,17627,60],{"class":59},[37,17629,821],{"class":55},[37,17631,3013],{"class":51},[37,17633,1498],{"class":122},[37,17635,65],{"class":51},[37,17637,815],{"class":55},[37,17639,71],{"class":59},[37,17641,821],{"class":55},[37,17643,3013],{"class":51},[37,17645,1498],{"class":122},[37,17647,65],{"class":51},[37,17649,815],{"class":55},[37,17651,80],{"class":59},[37,17653,821],{"class":55},[37,17655,3013],{"class":51},[37,17657,1498],{"class":122},[37,17659,9424],{"class":51},[20,17661,11797],{},[135,17663,17664,17669,17674],{},[138,17665,17666,17668],{},[15,17667,17033],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[138,17670,17671,17673],{},[15,17672,1070],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[138,17675,17676,17678],{},[15,17677,17332],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17680,17681,17682,292],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[285,17683,9507],{"href":13138},[130,17685,1872,17687,17689],{"id":17686},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17688,17327],{}," without a value",[20,17691,17692,17693,292],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17694,3904],{},[28,17696,17698],{"className":30,"code":17697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17699,17700,17734,17754,17758],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17701,17702,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17730,17732],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17703,17704],{"class":43},"fields ",[37,17706,48],{"class":47},[37,17708,519],{"class":51},[37,17710,56],{"class":55},[37,17712,8105],{"class":59},[37,17714,56],{"class":55},[37,17716,65],{"class":51},[37,17718,68],{"class":55},[37,17720,15367],{"class":59},[37,17722,56],{"class":55},[37,17724,65],{"class":51},[37,17726,68],{"class":55},[37,17728,17729],{"class":59},"password",[37,17731,56],{"class":55},[37,17733,3760],{"class":51},[37,17735,17736,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17752],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,17737,17738],{"class":43},"user_data ",[37,17740,48],{"class":47},[37,17742,9289],{"class":756},[37,17744,292],{"class":51},[37,17746,17392],{"class":102},[37,17748,95],{"class":51},[37,17750,17751],{"class":102},"fields",[37,17753,85],{"class":51},[37,17755,17756],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,17757,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,17759,17760,17762,17764,17767],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,17761,92],{"class":91},[37,17763,95],{"class":51},[37,17765,17766],{"class":102},"user_data",[37,17768,85],{"class":51},[20,17770,112],{},[28,17772,17774],{"className":30,"code":17773,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17775,17776],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17777,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17779,9394],{"class":51},[37,17781,821],{"class":55},[37,17783,8105],{"class":59},[37,17785,821],{"class":55},[37,17787,3013],{"class":51},[37,17789,3978],{"class":3977},[37,17791,65],{"class":51},[37,17793,815],{"class":55},[37,17795,15367],{"class":59},[37,17797,821],{"class":55},[37,17799,3013],{"class":51},[37,17801,3978],{"class":3977},[37,17803,65],{"class":51},[37,17805,815],{"class":55},[37,17807,17729],{"class":59},[37,17809,821],{"class":55},[37,17811,3013],{"class":51},[37,17813,3978],{"class":3977},[37,17815,9424],{"class":51},[20,17817,17818],{},"This is useful when:",[135,17820,17821,17824,17827],{},[138,17822,17823],{},"You want to create the keys first",[138,17825,17826],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[138,17828,17829],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17831,197],{},[28,17833,17835],{"className":30,"code":17834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17836,17837,17869,17887,17891,17914,17937,17941],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17838,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17840,17704],{"class":43},[37,17842,48],{"class":47},[37,17844,519],{"class":51},[37,17846,56],{"class":55},[37,17848,8105],{"class":59},[37,17850,56],{"class":55},[37,17852,65],{"class":51},[37,17854,68],{"class":55},[37,17856,15367],{"class":59},[37,17858,56],{"class":55},[37,17860,65],{"class":51},[37,17862,68],{"class":55},[37,17864,17729],{"class":59},[37,17866,56],{"class":55},[37,17868,3760],{"class":51},[37,17870,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,17872,17738],{"class":43},[37,17874,48],{"class":47},[37,17876,9289],{"class":756},[37,17878,292],{"class":51},[37,17880,17392],{"class":102},[37,17882,95],{"class":51},[37,17884,17751],{"class":102},[37,17886,85],{"class":51},[37,17888,17889],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,17890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,17892,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17912],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,17894,17766],{"class":43},[37,17896,1067],{"class":51},[37,17898,56],{"class":55},[37,17900,8105],{"class":59},[37,17902,56],{"class":55},[37,17904,13383],{"class":51},[37,17906,1342],{"class":47},[37,17908,68],{"class":55},[37,17910,17911],{"class":59},"alice",[37,17913,3484],{"class":55},[37,17915,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17935],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,17917,17766],{"class":43},[37,17919,1067],{"class":51},[37,17921,56],{"class":55},[37,17923,15367],{"class":59},[37,17925,56],{"class":55},[37,17927,13383],{"class":51},[37,17929,1342],{"class":47},[37,17931,68],{"class":55},[37,17933,17934],{"class":59},"alice@example.com",[37,17936,3484],{"class":55},[37,17938,17939],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,17940,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,17942,17943,17945,17947,17949],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,17944,92],{"class":91},[37,17946,95],{"class":51},[37,17948,17766],{"class":102},[37,17950,85],{"class":51},[20,17952,112],{},[28,17954,17956],{"className":30,"code":17955,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17957,17958],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,17959,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,17961,9394],{"class":51},[37,17963,821],{"class":55},[37,17965,8105],{"class":59},[37,17967,821],{"class":55},[37,17969,3013],{"class":51},[37,17971,815],{"class":55},[37,17973,17911],{"class":59},[37,17975,821],{"class":55},[37,17977,65],{"class":51},[37,17979,815],{"class":55},[37,17981,15367],{"class":59},[37,17983,821],{"class":55},[37,17985,3013],{"class":51},[37,17987,815],{"class":55},[37,17989,17934],{"class":59},[37,17991,821],{"class":55},[37,17993,65],{"class":51},[37,17995,815],{"class":55},[37,17997,17729],{"class":59},[37,17999,821],{"class":55},[37,18001,3013],{"class":51},[37,18003,3978],{"class":3977},[37,18005,9424],{"class":51},[20,18007,18008,18009,292],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[285,18010,18012],{"href":18011},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[130,18014,18016],{"id":18015},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18018,18019],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[135,18021,18022,18027,18032],{},[138,18023,18024,18026],{},[15,18025,3913],{}," (list)",[138,18028,18029,18031],{},[15,18030,3918],{}," (dictionary)",[138,18033,18034,18036],{},[15,18035,3923],{}," (set)",[20,18038,18039,18040,292],{},"All keys will point to the ",[110,18041,18042],{},"same object",[307,18044,18046],{"id":18045},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[28,18048,18050],{"className":30,"code":18049,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18051,18052,18084,18105,18109,18131,18135],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18053,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18055,17351],{"class":43},[37,18057,48],{"class":47},[37,18059,519],{"class":51},[37,18061,56],{"class":55},[37,18063,285],{"class":59},[37,18065,56],{"class":55},[37,18067,65],{"class":51},[37,18069,68],{"class":55},[37,18071,777],{"class":59},[37,18073,56],{"class":55},[37,18075,65],{"class":51},[37,18077,68],{"class":55},[37,18079,1754],{"class":59},[37,18081,56],{"class":55},[37,18083,3760],{"class":51},[37,18085,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18087,494],{"class":43},[37,18089,48],{"class":47},[37,18091,9289],{"class":756},[37,18093,292],{"class":51},[37,18095,17392],{"class":102},[37,18097,95],{"class":51},[37,18099,17033],{"class":102},[37,18101,65],{"class":51},[37,18103,18104],{"class":51}," [])\n",[37,18106,18107],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,18108,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,18110,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,18112,543],{"class":43},[37,18114,1067],{"class":51},[37,18116,56],{"class":55},[37,18118,285],{"class":59},[37,18120,56],{"class":55},[37,18122,13659],{"class":51},[37,18124,13662],{"class":102},[37,18126,95],{"class":51},[37,18128,501],{"class":122},[37,18130,85],{"class":51},[37,18132,18133],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,18134,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,18136,18137,18139,18141,18143],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,18138,92],{"class":91},[37,18140,95],{"class":51},[37,18142,543],{"class":102},[37,18144,85],{"class":51},[20,18146,112],{},[28,18148,18150],{"className":30,"code":18149,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18151,18152],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18153,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18155,9394],{"class":51},[37,18157,821],{"class":55},[37,18159,285],{"class":59},[37,18161,821],{"class":55},[37,18163,3013],{"class":51},[37,18165,519],{"class":51},[37,18167,501],{"class":122},[37,18169,893],{"class":51},[37,18171,815],{"class":55},[37,18173,777],{"class":59},[37,18175,821],{"class":55},[37,18177,3013],{"class":51},[37,18179,519],{"class":51},[37,18181,501],{"class":122},[37,18183,893],{"class":51},[37,18185,815],{"class":55},[37,18187,1754],{"class":59},[37,18189,821],{"class":55},[37,18191,3013],{"class":51},[37,18193,519],{"class":51},[37,18195,501],{"class":122},[37,18197,13815],{"class":51},[20,18199,18200,18201,18204],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18202,18203],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[307,18206,18208],{"id":18207},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18210,18211,18214],{},[15,18212,18213],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18216,18217],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18219,18220],{},"So this:",[28,18222,18224],{"className":30,"code":18223,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18225,18226],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18227,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18229,543],{"class":43},[37,18231,1067],{"class":51},[37,18233,56],{"class":55},[37,18235,285],{"class":59},[37,18237,56],{"class":55},[37,18239,13659],{"class":51},[37,18241,13662],{"class":102},[37,18243,95],{"class":51},[37,18245,501],{"class":122},[37,18247,85],{"class":51},[20,18249,18250,18251,292],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18252,18203],{},[307,18254,18256],{"id":18255},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18258,18259],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[28,18261,18263],{"className":30,"code":18262,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18264,18265,18297,18324,18328,18350,18354],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18266,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18268,17351],{"class":43},[37,18270,48],{"class":47},[37,18272,519],{"class":51},[37,18274,56],{"class":55},[37,18276,285],{"class":59},[37,18278,56],{"class":55},[37,18280,65],{"class":51},[37,18282,68],{"class":55},[37,18284,777],{"class":59},[37,18286,56],{"class":55},[37,18288,65],{"class":51},[37,18290,68],{"class":55},[37,18292,1754],{"class":59},[37,18294,56],{"class":55},[37,18296,3760],{"class":51},[37,18298,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18312,18314,18317,18319,18322],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18300,494],{"class":43},[37,18302,48],{"class":47},[37,18304,10605],{"class":51},[37,18306,14951],{"class":43},[37,18308,3013],{"class":51},[37,18310,18311],{"class":51}," []",[37,18313,4002],{"class":1483},[37,18315,18316],{"class":43}," key ",[37,18318,1773],{"class":1483},[37,18320,18321],{"class":43}," keys",[37,18323,9424],{"class":51},[37,18325,18326],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,18327,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,18329,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,18331,543],{"class":43},[37,18333,1067],{"class":51},[37,18335,56],{"class":55},[37,18337,285],{"class":59},[37,18339,56],{"class":55},[37,18341,13659],{"class":51},[37,18343,13662],{"class":102},[37,18345,95],{"class":51},[37,18347,501],{"class":122},[37,18349,85],{"class":51},[37,18351,18352],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,18353,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,18355,18356,18358,18360,18362],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,18357,92],{"class":91},[37,18359,95],{"class":51},[37,18361,543],{"class":102},[37,18363,85],{"class":51},[20,18365,112],{},[28,18367,18369],{"className":30,"code":18368,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18370,18371],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18372,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18374,9394],{"class":51},[37,18376,821],{"class":55},[37,18378,285],{"class":59},[37,18380,821],{"class":55},[37,18382,3013],{"class":51},[37,18384,519],{"class":51},[37,18386,501],{"class":122},[37,18388,893],{"class":51},[37,18390,815],{"class":55},[37,18392,777],{"class":59},[37,18394,821],{"class":55},[37,18396,3013],{"class":51},[37,18398,18399],{"class":51}," [],",[37,18401,815],{"class":55},[37,18403,1754],{"class":59},[37,18405,821],{"class":55},[37,18407,3013],{"class":51},[37,18409,18410],{"class":51}," []}\n",[20,18412,18413],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18415,18416],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[130,18418,5080,18420],{"id":18419},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18421,17327],{},[20,18423,18424,18426],{},[15,18425,17332],{}," is a good choice when:",[135,18428,18429,18432,18435],{},[138,18430,18431],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[138,18433,18434],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[138,18436,18437],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18439,2260],{},[28,18441,18443],{"className":30,"code":18442,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18444,18445,18490],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18446,18447,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18482,18484,18486,18488],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18448,18449],{"class":43},"flags ",[37,18451,48],{"class":47},[37,18453,9289],{"class":756},[37,18455,292],{"class":51},[37,18457,17392],{"class":102},[37,18459,3115],{"class":51},[37,18461,56],{"class":55},[37,18463,18464],{"class":59},"is_admin",[37,18466,56],{"class":55},[37,18468,65],{"class":51},[37,18470,68],{"class":55},[37,18472,15189],{"class":59},[37,18474,56],{"class":55},[37,18476,65],{"class":51},[37,18478,68],{"class":55},[37,18480,18481],{"class":59},"is_verified",[37,18483,56],{"class":55},[37,18485,893],{"class":51},[37,18487,4030],{"class":3977},[37,18489,85],{"class":51},[37,18491,18492,18494,18496,18499],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18493,92],{"class":91},[37,18495,95],{"class":51},[37,18497,18498],{"class":102},"flags",[37,18500,85],{"class":51},[28,18502,18504],{"className":30,"code":18503,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18505,18506,18551],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18507,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18525,18527,18529,18531,18534,18536,18538,18540,18543,18545,18547,18549],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18509,5183],{"class":43},[37,18511,48],{"class":47},[37,18513,9289],{"class":756},[37,18515,292],{"class":51},[37,18517,17392],{"class":102},[37,18519,3115],{"class":51},[37,18521,56],{"class":55},[37,18523,18524],{"class":59},"math",[37,18526,56],{"class":55},[37,18528,65],{"class":51},[37,18530,68],{"class":55},[37,18532,18533],{"class":59},"science",[37,18535,56],{"class":55},[37,18537,65],{"class":51},[37,18539,68],{"class":55},[37,18541,18542],{"class":59},"history",[37,18544,56],{"class":55},[37,18546,893],{"class":51},[37,18548,1498],{"class":122},[37,18550,85],{"class":51},[37,18552,18553,18555,18557,18559],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18554,92],{"class":91},[37,18556,95],{"class":51},[37,18558,16498],{"class":102},[37,18560,85],{"class":51},[20,18562,18563,18564,18566],{},"It is ",[110,18565,711],{}," the best choice when:",[135,18568,18569,18572],{},[138,18570,18571],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[138,18573,18574],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[130,18576,18578,18580],{"id":18577},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18579,17327],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18582,18583,18585],{},[15,18584,17327],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[307,18587,1872,18589],{"id":18588},"using-fromkeys",[15,18590,17327],{},[28,18592,18594],{"className":30,"code":18593,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18595,18596,18641],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18597,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18615,18617,18619,18621,18624,18626,18628,18630,18633,18635,18637,18639],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18599,13935],{"class":43},[37,18601,48],{"class":47},[37,18603,9289],{"class":756},[37,18605,292],{"class":51},[37,18607,17392],{"class":102},[37,18609,3115],{"class":51},[37,18611,56],{"class":55},[37,18613,18614],{"class":59},"sound",[37,18616,56],{"class":55},[37,18618,65],{"class":51},[37,18620,68],{"class":55},[37,18622,18623],{"class":59},"music",[37,18625,56],{"class":55},[37,18627,65],{"class":51},[37,18629,68],{"class":55},[37,18631,18632],{"class":59},"notifications",[37,18634,56],{"class":55},[37,18636,893],{"class":51},[37,18638,4039],{"class":3977},[37,18640,85],{"class":51},[37,18642,18643,18645,18647,18649],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18644,92],{"class":91},[37,18646,95],{"class":51},[37,18648,13994],{"class":102},[37,18650,85],{"class":51},[307,18652,18654],{"id":18653},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[28,18656,18658],{"className":30,"code":18657,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18659,18660,18668,18682,18696,18708,18712],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18661,18662,18664,18666],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18663,13935],{"class":43},[37,18665,48],{"class":47},[37,18667,11607],{"class":51},[37,18669,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18671,11612],{"class":55},[37,18673,18614],{"class":59},[37,18675,56],{"class":55},[37,18677,3013],{"class":51},[37,18679,4039],{"class":3977},[37,18681,11628],{"class":51},[37,18683,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,18685,11612],{"class":55},[37,18687,18623],{"class":59},[37,18689,56],{"class":55},[37,18691,3013],{"class":51},[37,18693,4030],{"class":3977},[37,18695,11628],{"class":51},[37,18697,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,18699,11612],{"class":55},[37,18701,18632],{"class":59},[37,18703,56],{"class":55},[37,18705,3013],{"class":51},[37,18707,6543],{"class":3977},[37,18709,18710],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,18711,9424],{"class":51},[37,18713,18714,18716,18718,18720],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,18715,92],{"class":91},[37,18717,95],{"class":51},[37,18719,13994],{"class":102},[37,18721,85],{"class":51},[20,18723,18724],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[307,18726,18728],{"id":18727},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[28,18730,18732],{"className":30,"code":18731,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18733,18734,18766,18790],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18735,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18737,17351],{"class":43},[37,18739,48],{"class":47},[37,18741,519],{"class":51},[37,18743,56],{"class":55},[37,18745,285],{"class":59},[37,18747,56],{"class":55},[37,18749,65],{"class":51},[37,18751,68],{"class":55},[37,18753,777],{"class":59},[37,18755,56],{"class":55},[37,18757,65],{"class":51},[37,18759,68],{"class":55},[37,18761,1754],{"class":59},[37,18763,56],{"class":55},[37,18765,3760],{"class":51},[37,18767,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18769,494],{"class":43},[37,18771,48],{"class":47},[37,18773,10605],{"class":51},[37,18775,14951],{"class":43},[37,18777,3013],{"class":51},[37,18779,18311],{"class":51},[37,18781,4002],{"class":1483},[37,18783,18316],{"class":43},[37,18785,1773],{"class":1483},[37,18787,18321],{"class":43},[37,18789,9424],{"class":51},[37,18791,18792,18794,18796,18798],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,18793,92],{"class":91},[37,18795,95],{"class":51},[37,18797,543],{"class":102},[37,18799,85],{"class":51},[20,18801,18802],{},"Use:",[135,18804,18805,18810,18813],{},[138,18806,18807,18809],{},[15,18808,17327],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[138,18811,18812],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[138,18814,18815],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18817,18818,18819,292],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[285,18820,10852,18821,10856],{"href":14142},[15,18822,15064],{},[130,18824,1854],{"id":1853},[20,18826,14843,18827,292],{},[15,18828,17332],{},[307,18830,18832],{"id":18831},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[28,18834,18836],{"className":30,"code":18835,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18837,18838,18871,18894],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18839,18840,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18841,18842],{"class":43},"d ",[37,18844,48],{"class":47},[37,18846,9289],{"class":756},[37,18848,292],{"class":51},[37,18850,17392],{"class":102},[37,18852,3115],{"class":51},[37,18854,56],{"class":55},[37,18856,285],{"class":59},[37,18858,56],{"class":55},[37,18860,65],{"class":51},[37,18862,68],{"class":55},[37,18864,777],{"class":59},[37,18866,56],{"class":55},[37,18868,893],{"class":51},[37,18870,18104],{"class":51},[37,18872,18873,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18874,18875],{"class":43},"d",[37,18877,1067],{"class":51},[37,18879,56],{"class":55},[37,18881,285],{"class":59},[37,18883,56],{"class":55},[37,18885,13659],{"class":51},[37,18887,13662],{"class":102},[37,18889,95],{"class":51},[37,18891,501],{"class":122},[37,18893,85],{"class":51},[37,18895,18896,18898,18900,18902],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,18897,92],{"class":91},[37,18899,95],{"class":51},[37,18901,18875],{"class":102},[37,18903,85],{"class":51},[20,18905,112],{},[28,18907,18909],{"className":30,"code":18908,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18910,18911],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18912,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18914,9394],{"class":51},[37,18916,821],{"class":55},[37,18918,285],{"class":59},[37,18920,821],{"class":55},[37,18922,3013],{"class":51},[37,18924,519],{"class":51},[37,18926,501],{"class":122},[37,18928,893],{"class":51},[37,18930,815],{"class":55},[37,18932,777],{"class":59},[37,18934,821],{"class":55},[37,18936,3013],{"class":51},[37,18938,519],{"class":51},[37,18940,501],{"class":122},[37,18942,13815],{"class":51},[20,18944,18945],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18947,18948],{},"Use this instead:",[28,18950,18952],{"className":30,"code":18951,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18953,18954,18978,19002],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,18955,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,18957,17351],{"class":43},[37,18959,48],{"class":47},[37,18961,519],{"class":51},[37,18963,56],{"class":55},[37,18965,285],{"class":59},[37,18967,56],{"class":55},[37,18969,65],{"class":51},[37,18971,68],{"class":55},[37,18973,777],{"class":59},[37,18975,56],{"class":55},[37,18977,3760],{"class":51},[37,18979,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,18981,18842],{"class":43},[37,18983,48],{"class":47},[37,18985,10605],{"class":51},[37,18987,14951],{"class":43},[37,18989,3013],{"class":51},[37,18991,18311],{"class":51},[37,18993,4002],{"class":1483},[37,18995,18316],{"class":43},[37,18997,1773],{"class":1483},[37,18999,18321],{"class":43},[37,19001,9424],{"class":51},[37,19003,19004,19006,19008,19010],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,19005,92],{"class":91},[37,19007,95],{"class":51},[37,19009,18875],{"class":102},[37,19011,85],{"class":51},[307,19013,19015,19016,19018],{"id":19014},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19017,17327],{}," on a list",[20,19020,19021],{},"Wrong idea:",[28,19023,19025],{"className":30,"code":19024,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19026,19027,19059],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19028,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19030,17351],{"class":43},[37,19032,48],{"class":47},[37,19034,519],{"class":51},[37,19036,56],{"class":55},[37,19038,285],{"class":59},[37,19040,56],{"class":55},[37,19042,65],{"class":51},[37,19044,68],{"class":55},[37,19046,777],{"class":59},[37,19048,56],{"class":55},[37,19050,65],{"class":51},[37,19052,68],{"class":55},[37,19054,1754],{"class":59},[37,19056,56],{"class":55},[37,19058,3760],{"class":51},[37,19060,19061],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19062,19063],{"class":3788},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19065,19066,19068,19069,19071,19072,292],{},[15,19067,17327],{}," belongs to ",[15,19070,8940],{},", not ",[15,19073,8213],{},[20,19075,19076],{},"Correct usage:",[28,19078,19080],{"className":30,"code":19079,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19081,19082,19114,19136],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19083,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19085,17351],{"class":43},[37,19087,48],{"class":47},[37,19089,519],{"class":51},[37,19091,56],{"class":55},[37,19093,285],{"class":59},[37,19095,56],{"class":55},[37,19097,65],{"class":51},[37,19099,68],{"class":55},[37,19101,777],{"class":59},[37,19103,56],{"class":55},[37,19105,65],{"class":51},[37,19107,68],{"class":55},[37,19109,1754],{"class":59},[37,19111,56],{"class":55},[37,19113,3760],{"class":51},[37,19115,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19117,18842],{"class":43},[37,19119,48],{"class":47},[37,19121,9289],{"class":756},[37,19123,292],{"class":51},[37,19125,17392],{"class":102},[37,19127,95],{"class":51},[37,19129,17033],{"class":102},[37,19131,65],{"class":51},[37,19133,1498],{"class":122},[37,19135,85],{"class":51},[37,19137,19138,19140,19142,19144],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,19139,92],{"class":91},[37,19141,95],{"class":51},[37,19143,18875],{"class":102},[37,19145,85],{"class":51},[307,19147,1880,19149,19151],{"id":19148},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19150,17327],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19153,19154,19156],{},[15,19155,17332],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[28,19158,19160],{"className":30,"code":19159,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19161,19162,19182,19216,19220,19230],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19163,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19165,12198],{"class":43},[37,19167,48],{"class":47},[37,19169,10605],{"class":51},[37,19171,56],{"class":55},[37,19173,900],{"class":59},[37,19175,56],{"class":55},[37,19177,3013],{"class":51},[37,19179,5619],{"class":122},[37,19181,9424],{"class":51},[37,19183,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19185,13150],{"class":43},[37,19187,48],{"class":47},[37,19189,9289],{"class":756},[37,19191,292],{"class":51},[37,19193,17392],{"class":102},[37,19195,3115],{"class":51},[37,19197,56],{"class":55},[37,19199,285],{"class":59},[37,19201,56],{"class":55},[37,19203,65],{"class":51},[37,19205,68],{"class":55},[37,19207,777],{"class":59},[37,19209,56],{"class":55},[37,19211,893],{"class":51},[37,19213,1498],{"class":122},[37,19215,85],{"class":51},[37,19217,19218],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,19219,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,19221,19222,19224,19226,19228],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,19223,92],{"class":91},[37,19225,95],{"class":51},[37,19227,12245],{"class":102},[37,19229,85],{"class":51},[37,19231,19232,19234,19236,19239],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,19233,92],{"class":91},[37,19235,95],{"class":51},[37,19237,19238],{"class":102},"new_dict",[37,19240,85],{"class":51},[20,19242,112],{},[28,19244,19246],{"className":30,"code":19245,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19247,19248,19264],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19249,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19251,9394],{"class":51},[37,19253,821],{"class":55},[37,19255,900],{"class":59},[37,19257,821],{"class":55},[37,19259,3013],{"class":51},[37,19261,5619],{"class":122},[37,19263,9424],{"class":51},[37,19265,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19267,9394],{"class":51},[37,19269,821],{"class":55},[37,19271,285],{"class":59},[37,19273,821],{"class":55},[37,19275,3013],{"class":51},[37,19277,1498],{"class":122},[37,19279,65],{"class":51},[37,19281,815],{"class":55},[37,19283,777],{"class":59},[37,19285,821],{"class":55},[37,19287,3013],{"class":51},[37,19289,1498],{"class":122},[37,19291,9424],{"class":51},[20,19293,19294,19295,292],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[285,19296,10852,19297,10856],{"href":14142},[15,19298,15064],{},[307,19300,19302,19303],{"id":19301},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19304,3904],{},[28,19306,19308],{"className":30,"code":19307,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19309,19310,19340],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19311,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19313,18842],{"class":43},[37,19315,48],{"class":47},[37,19317,9289],{"class":756},[37,19319,292],{"class":51},[37,19321,17392],{"class":102},[37,19323,3115],{"class":51},[37,19325,56],{"class":55},[37,19327,900],{"class":59},[37,19329,56],{"class":55},[37,19331,65],{"class":51},[37,19333,68],{"class":55},[37,19335,909],{"class":59},[37,19337,56],{"class":55},[37,19339,530],{"class":51},[37,19341,19342,19344,19346,19348],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19343,92],{"class":91},[37,19345,95],{"class":51},[37,19347,18875],{"class":102},[37,19349,85],{"class":51},[20,19351,112],{},[28,19353,19355],{"className":30,"code":19354,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19356,19357],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19358,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19360,9394],{"class":51},[37,19362,821],{"class":55},[37,19364,900],{"class":59},[37,19366,821],{"class":55},[37,19368,3013],{"class":51},[37,19370,3978],{"class":3977},[37,19372,65],{"class":51},[37,19374,815],{"class":55},[37,19376,909],{"class":59},[37,19378,821],{"class":55},[37,19380,3013],{"class":51},[37,19382,3978],{"class":3977},[37,19384,9424],{"class":51},[20,19386,19387,19388,292],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19389,3904],{},[130,19391,19393],{"id":19392},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19395,19396,19397,19399],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19398,17327],{}," works.",[28,19401,19403],{"className":30,"code":19402,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19404,19405],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19408,92],{"class":91},[37,19410,95],{"class":51},[37,19412,8940],{"class":756},[37,19414,292],{"class":51},[37,19416,17392],{"class":102},[37,19418,3115],{"class":51},[37,19420,56],{"class":55},[37,19422,285],{"class":59},[37,19424,56],{"class":55},[37,19426,65],{"class":51},[37,19428,68],{"class":55},[37,19430,777],{"class":59},[37,19432,56],{"class":55},[37,19434,893],{"class":51},[37,19436,1498],{"class":122},[37,19438,106],{"class":51},[28,19440,19441],{"className":30,"code":19307,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,19442,19443,19473],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19444,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19446,18842],{"class":43},[37,19448,48],{"class":47},[37,19450,9289],{"class":756},[37,19452,292],{"class":51},[37,19454,17392],{"class":102},[37,19456,3115],{"class":51},[37,19458,56],{"class":55},[37,19460,900],{"class":59},[37,19462,56],{"class":55},[37,19464,65],{"class":51},[37,19466,68],{"class":55},[37,19468,909],{"class":59},[37,19470,56],{"class":55},[37,19472,530],{"class":51},[37,19474,19475,19477,19479,19481],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19476,92],{"class":91},[37,19478,95],{"class":51},[37,19480,18875],{"class":102},[37,19482,85],{"class":51},[28,19484,19485],{"className":30,"code":18835,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,19486,19487,19519,19541],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19488,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19490,18842],{"class":43},[37,19492,48],{"class":47},[37,19494,9289],{"class":756},[37,19496,292],{"class":51},[37,19498,17392],{"class":102},[37,19500,3115],{"class":51},[37,19502,56],{"class":55},[37,19504,285],{"class":59},[37,19506,56],{"class":55},[37,19508,65],{"class":51},[37,19510,68],{"class":55},[37,19512,777],{"class":59},[37,19514,56],{"class":55},[37,19516,893],{"class":51},[37,19518,18104],{"class":51},[37,19520,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19522,18875],{"class":43},[37,19524,1067],{"class":51},[37,19526,56],{"class":55},[37,19528,285],{"class":59},[37,19530,56],{"class":55},[37,19532,13659],{"class":51},[37,19534,13662],{"class":102},[37,19536,95],{"class":51},[37,19538,501],{"class":122},[37,19540,85],{"class":51},[37,19542,19543,19545,19547,19549],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,19544,92],{"class":91},[37,19546,95],{"class":51},[37,19548,18875],{"class":102},[37,19550,85],{"class":51},[28,19552,19554],{"className":30,"code":19553,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19555,19556],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19557,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19559,92],{"class":91},[37,19561,95],{"class":51},[37,19563,757],{"class":756},[37,19565,95],{"class":51},[37,19567,8940],{"class":756},[37,19569,292],{"class":51},[37,19571,17392],{"class":102},[37,19573,3115],{"class":51},[37,19575,501],{"class":122},[37,19577,65],{"class":51},[37,19579,890],{"class":122},[37,19581,65],{"class":51},[37,19583,513],{"class":122},[37,19585,893],{"class":51},[37,19587,68],{"class":55},[37,19589,1215],{"class":59},[37,19591,56],{"class":55},[37,19593,3041],{"class":51},[130,19595,1969],{"id":1968},[307,19597,1983,19599,19601],{"id":19598},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19600,17327],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19603,19604],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[307,19606,19608],{"id":19607},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19610,19611,19612,292],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19613,3904],{},[307,19615,19617],{"id":19616},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19619,19620],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[307,19622,19624],{"id":19623},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19626,18259],{},[28,19628,19630],{"className":30,"code":19629,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19631,19632,19664],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19633,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19635,17351],{"class":43},[37,19637,48],{"class":47},[37,19639,519],{"class":51},[37,19641,56],{"class":55},[37,19643,285],{"class":59},[37,19645,56],{"class":55},[37,19647,65],{"class":51},[37,19649,68],{"class":55},[37,19651,777],{"class":59},[37,19653,56],{"class":55},[37,19655,65],{"class":51},[37,19657,68],{"class":55},[37,19659,1754],{"class":59},[37,19661,56],{"class":55},[37,19663,3760],{"class":51},[37,19665,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19667,494],{"class":43},[37,19669,48],{"class":47},[37,19671,10605],{"class":51},[37,19673,14951],{"class":43},[37,19675,3013],{"class":51},[37,19677,18311],{"class":51},[37,19679,4002],{"class":1483},[37,19681,18316],{"class":43},[37,19683,1773],{"class":1483},[37,19685,18321],{"class":43},[37,19687,9424],{"class":51},[130,19689,2025],{"id":2024},[135,19691,19692,19696,19700,19704,19710],{},[138,19693,19694],{},[285,19695,11357],{"href":13138},[138,19697,19698],{},[285,19699,9275],{"href":13135},[138,19701,19702],{},[285,19703,11366],{"href":18011},[138,19705,19706],{},[285,19707,10852,19708,10856],{"href":14142},[15,19709,15064],{},[138,19711,19712],{},[285,19713,10852,19714,10856],{"href":15109},[15,19715,12889],{},[20,19717,22,19718,19720],{},[15,19719,17332],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2052,19722,19723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":19725},[19726,19727,19729,19733,19734,19736,19741,19743,19750,19759,19760,19767],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":17432,"depth":88,"text":19728},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17476,"depth":88,"text":17477,"children":19730},[19731,19732],{"id":17503,"depth":251,"text":17504},{"id":17527,"depth":251,"text":17528},{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":17686,"depth":88,"text":19735},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18015,"depth":88,"text":18016,"children":19737},[19738,19739,19740],{"id":18045,"depth":251,"text":18046},{"id":18207,"depth":251,"text":18208},{"id":18255,"depth":251,"text":18256},{"id":18419,"depth":88,"text":19742},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18577,"depth":88,"text":19744,"children":19745},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19746,19748,19749],{"id":18588,"depth":251,"text":19747},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18653,"depth":251,"text":18654},{"id":18727,"depth":251,"text":18728},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":19751},[19752,19753,19755,19757],{"id":18831,"depth":251,"text":18832},{"id":19014,"depth":251,"text":19754},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19148,"depth":251,"text":19756},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19301,"depth":251,"text":19758},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19392,"depth":88,"text":19393},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":19761},[19762,19764,19765,19766],{"id":19598,"depth":251,"text":19763},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19607,"depth":251,"text":19608},{"id":19616,"depth":251,"text":19617},{"id":19623,"depth":251,"text":19624},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17319,"description":19768},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19775,"title":19776,"body":19777,"description":21605,"extension":2099,"meta":21606,"navigation":254,"path":21607,"seo":21608,"stem":21609,"__hash__":21610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19778,"toc":21572},[19779,19784,19790,19801,19931,19938,19943,19947,19963,19965,20063,20065,20082,20086,20088,20093,20131,20134,20152,20154,20272,20277,20281,20297,20300,20436,20439,20444,20450,20453,20490,20493,20497,20502,20578,20582,20587,20669,20671,20687,20692,20696,20702,20771,20774,20791,20794,20876,20881,20884,20904,20908,20913,20919,20925,20996,20999,21005,21008,21082,21089,21095,21103,21113,21115,21210,21216,21221,21308,21314,21316,21321,21343,21346,21441,21444,21475,21488,21490,21498,21504,21510,21513,21519,21524,21531,21536,21538,21569],[10,19780,11433,19782,11437],{"id":19781},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19783,10855],{},[20,19785,19786,19787,19789],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19788,10855],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19791,19792,19793,2321,19796,2530,19798,19800],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19794,19795],{},"KeyError",[15,19797,10855],{},[15,19799,3904],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[28,19802,19804],{"className":30,"code":19803,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19805,19806,19842,19846,19872,19897],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19807,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19809,13314],{"class":43},[37,19811,48],{"class":47},[37,19813,10605],{"class":51},[37,19815,56],{"class":55},[37,19817,7790],{"class":59},[37,19819,56],{"class":55},[37,19821,3013],{"class":51},[37,19823,68],{"class":55},[37,19825,1646],{"class":59},[37,19827,56],{"class":55},[37,19829,65],{"class":51},[37,19831,68],{"class":55},[37,19833,9415],{"class":59},[37,19835,56],{"class":55},[37,19837,3013],{"class":51},[37,19839,1653],{"class":122},[37,19841,9424],{"class":51},[37,19843,19844],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,19845,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,19847,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,19849,92],{"class":91},[37,19851,95],{"class":51},[37,19853,17416],{"class":102},[37,19855,292],{"class":51},[37,19857,19858],{"class":102},"get",[37,19860,95],{"class":51},[37,19862,56],{"class":55},[37,19864,7790],{"class":59},[37,19866,56],{"class":55},[37,19868,5482],{"class":51},[37,19870,19871],{"class":3788},"           # Ana\n",[37,19873,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,19875,92],{"class":91},[37,19877,95],{"class":51},[37,19879,17416],{"class":102},[37,19881,292],{"class":51},[37,19883,19858],{"class":102},[37,19885,95],{"class":51},[37,19887,56],{"class":55},[37,19889,10523],{"class":59},[37,19891,56],{"class":55},[37,19893,5482],{"class":51},[37,19895,19896],{"class":3788},"           # None\n",[37,19898,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19924,19926,19928],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,19900,92],{"class":91},[37,19902,95],{"class":51},[37,19904,17416],{"class":102},[37,19906,292],{"class":51},[37,19908,19858],{"class":102},[37,19910,95],{"class":51},[37,19912,56],{"class":55},[37,19914,10523],{"class":59},[37,19916,56],{"class":55},[37,19918,65],{"class":51},[37,19920,68],{"class":55},[37,19922,19923],{"class":59},"N\u002FA",[37,19925,56],{"class":55},[37,19927,5482],{"class":51},[37,19929,19930],{"class":3788},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19932,22,19933,19935,19936,292],{},[15,19934,10855],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19937,19795],{},[130,19939,296,19941,3805],{"id":19940},"what-get-does",[15,19942,10855],{},[20,19944,1531,19945,11528],{},[15,19946,10855],{},[135,19948,19949,19952,19957,19960],{},[138,19950,19951],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[138,19953,11539,19954,19956],{},[15,19955,3904],{}," if the key does not exist",[138,19958,19959],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[138,19961,19962],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19964,197],{},[28,19966,19968],{"className":30,"code":19967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19969,19970,20009,20013,20038],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,19971,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19991,19993,19995,19997,20000,20002,20004,20007],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,19973,12976],{"class":43},[37,19975,48],{"class":47},[37,19977,10605],{"class":51},[37,19979,56],{"class":55},[37,19981,7790],{"class":59},[37,19983,56],{"class":55},[37,19985,3013],{"class":51},[37,19987,68],{"class":55},[37,19989,19990],{"class":59},"Lina",[37,19992,56],{"class":55},[37,19994,65],{"class":51},[37,19996,68],{"class":55},[37,19998,19999],{"class":59},"grade",[37,20001,56],{"class":55},[37,20003,3013],{"class":51},[37,20005,20006],{"class":122}," 90",[37,20008,9424],{"class":51},[37,20010,20011],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20012,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20014,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20016,92],{"class":91},[37,20018,95],{"class":51},[37,20020,13735],{"class":102},[37,20022,292],{"class":51},[37,20024,19858],{"class":102},[37,20026,95],{"class":51},[37,20028,56],{"class":55},[37,20030,7790],{"class":59},[37,20032,56],{"class":55},[37,20034,5482],{"class":51},[37,20036,20037],{"class":3788},"     # Lina\n",[37,20039,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20041,92],{"class":91},[37,20043,95],{"class":51},[37,20045,13735],{"class":102},[37,20047,292],{"class":51},[37,20049,19858],{"class":102},[37,20051,95],{"class":51},[37,20053,56],{"class":55},[37,20055,15367],{"class":59},[37,20057,56],{"class":55},[37,20059,5482],{"class":51},[37,20061,20062],{"class":3788},"    # None\n",[20,20064,560],{},[135,20066,20067,20072],{},[138,20068,20069,20071],{},[15,20070,15348],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[138,20073,20074,20077,20078,2530,20080],{},[15,20075,20076],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20079,10855],{},[15,20081,3904],{},[20,20083,13132,20084,292],{},[285,20085,9275],{"href":9274},[130,20087,159],{"id":158},[20,20089,20090,20091,3013],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20092,10855],{},[28,20094,20096],{"className":30,"code":20095,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20097,20098,20112],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20099,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20101,15713],{"class":43},[37,20103,292],{"class":51},[37,20105,19858],{"class":102},[37,20107,95],{"class":51},[37,20109,14951],{"class":102},[37,20111,85],{"class":51},[37,20113,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20129],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20115,15713],{"class":43},[37,20117,292],{"class":51},[37,20119,19858],{"class":102},[37,20121,95],{"class":51},[37,20123,14951],{"class":102},[37,20125,65],{"class":51},[37,20127,20128],{"class":102}," default_value",[37,20130,85],{"class":51},[20,20132,20133],{},"What each part means:",[135,20135,20136,20141,20147],{},[138,20137,20138,20140],{},[15,20139,14951],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[138,20142,20143,20146],{},[15,20144,20145],{},"default_value"," is optional",[138,20148,20149,20150],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20151,3904],{},[20,20153,197],{},[28,20155,20157],{"className":30,"code":20156,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20158,20159,20183,20187,20212,20238],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20160,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20162,13935],{"class":43},[37,20164,48],{"class":47},[37,20166,10605],{"class":51},[37,20168,56],{"class":55},[37,20170,12607],{"class":59},[37,20172,56],{"class":55},[37,20174,3013],{"class":51},[37,20176,68],{"class":55},[37,20178,12616],{"class":59},[37,20180,56],{"class":55},[37,20182,9424],{"class":51},[37,20184,20185],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20186,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20188,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20190,92],{"class":91},[37,20192,95],{"class":51},[37,20194,13994],{"class":102},[37,20196,292],{"class":51},[37,20198,19858],{"class":102},[37,20200,95],{"class":51},[37,20202,56],{"class":55},[37,20204,12607],{"class":59},[37,20206,56],{"class":55},[37,20208,5482],{"class":51},[37,20210,20211],{"class":3788},"            # dark\n",[37,20213,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20231,20233,20235],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20215,92],{"class":91},[37,20217,95],{"class":51},[37,20219,13994],{"class":102},[37,20221,292],{"class":51},[37,20223,19858],{"class":102},[37,20225,95],{"class":51},[37,20227,56],{"class":55},[37,20229,20230],{"class":59},"language",[37,20232,56],{"class":55},[37,20234,5482],{"class":51},[37,20236,20237],{"class":3788},"         # None\n",[37,20239,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20265,20267,20269],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,20241,92],{"class":91},[37,20243,95],{"class":51},[37,20245,13994],{"class":102},[37,20247,292],{"class":51},[37,20249,19858],{"class":102},[37,20251,95],{"class":51},[37,20253,56],{"class":55},[37,20255,20230],{"class":59},[37,20257,56],{"class":55},[37,20259,65],{"class":51},[37,20261,68],{"class":55},[37,20263,20264],{"class":59},"en",[37,20266,56],{"class":55},[37,20268,5482],{"class":51},[37,20270,20271],{"class":3788},"   # en\n",[130,20273,5080,20275],{"id":20274},"when-to-use-get",[15,20276,10855],{},[20,20278,22,20279,10716],{},[15,20280,10855],{},[135,20282,20283,20286,20291,20294],{},[138,20284,20285],{},"A key might not exist",[138,20287,20288,20289],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20290,19795],{},[138,20292,20293],{},"You are reading optional data",[138,20295,20296],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20298,20299],{},"Example with optional user data:",[28,20301,20303],{"className":30,"code":20302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20304,20305,20347,20351,20376,20402],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20306,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20343,20345],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20308,1637],{"class":43},[37,20310,48],{"class":47},[37,20312,10605],{"class":51},[37,20314,56],{"class":55},[37,20316,8105],{"class":59},[37,20318,56],{"class":55},[37,20320,3013],{"class":51},[37,20322,68],{"class":55},[37,20324,20325],{"class":59},"sam",[37,20327,56],{"class":55},[37,20329,65],{"class":51},[37,20331,68],{"class":55},[37,20333,15367],{"class":59},[37,20335,56],{"class":55},[37,20337,3013],{"class":51},[37,20339,68],{"class":55},[37,20341,20342],{"class":59},"sam@example.com",[37,20344,56],{"class":55},[37,20346,9424],{"class":51},[37,20348,20349],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20350,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20352,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20354,92],{"class":91},[37,20356,95],{"class":51},[37,20358,1679],{"class":102},[37,20360,292],{"class":51},[37,20362,19858],{"class":102},[37,20364,95],{"class":51},[37,20366,56],{"class":55},[37,20368,8105],{"class":59},[37,20370,56],{"class":55},[37,20372,5482],{"class":51},[37,20374,20375],{"class":3788},"              # sam\n",[37,20377,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20395,20397,20399],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20379,92],{"class":91},[37,20381,95],{"class":51},[37,20383,1679],{"class":102},[37,20385,292],{"class":51},[37,20387,19858],{"class":102},[37,20389,95],{"class":51},[37,20391,56],{"class":55},[37,20393,20394],{"class":59},"phone",[37,20396,56],{"class":55},[37,20398,5482],{"class":51},[37,20400,20401],{"class":3788},"                 # None\n",[37,20403,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20429,20431,20433],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,20405,92],{"class":91},[37,20407,95],{"class":51},[37,20409,1679],{"class":102},[37,20411,292],{"class":51},[37,20413,19858],{"class":102},[37,20415,95],{"class":51},[37,20417,56],{"class":55},[37,20419,20394],{"class":59},[37,20421,56],{"class":55},[37,20423,65],{"class":51},[37,20425,68],{"class":55},[37,20427,20428],{"class":59},"Not provided",[37,20430,56],{"class":55},[37,20432,5482],{"class":51},[37,20434,20435],{"class":3788}," # Not provided\n",[20,20437,20438],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20440,20441,20442,292],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[285,20443,16707],{"href":16706},[130,20445,20447,20449],{"id":20446},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20448,10855],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20451,20452],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[28,20454,20456],{"className":30,"code":20455,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20457,20458,20472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20459,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20461,543],{"class":43},[37,20463,1067],{"class":51},[37,20465,56],{"class":55},[37,20467,14951],{"class":59},[37,20469,56],{"class":55},[37,20471,3760],{"class":51},[37,20473,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20475,543],{"class":43},[37,20477,292],{"class":51},[37,20479,19858],{"class":102},[37,20481,95],{"class":51},[37,20483,56],{"class":55},[37,20485,14951],{"class":59},[37,20487,56],{"class":55},[37,20489,85],{"class":51},[20,20491,20492],{},"The difference is important.",[307,20494,20496],{"id":20495},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20498,20499,20500,292],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20501,19795],{},[28,20503,20505],{"className":30,"code":20504,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20506,20507,20531,20535,20557],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20508,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20510,494],{"class":43},[37,20512,48],{"class":47},[37,20514,10605],{"class":51},[37,20516,56],{"class":55},[37,20518,7790],{"class":59},[37,20520,56],{"class":55},[37,20522,3013],{"class":51},[37,20524,68],{"class":55},[37,20526,1646],{"class":59},[37,20528,56],{"class":55},[37,20530,9424],{"class":51},[37,20532,20533],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20534,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20536,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20554],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20538,92],{"class":91},[37,20540,95],{"class":51},[37,20542,543],{"class":102},[37,20544,1067],{"class":51},[37,20546,56],{"class":55},[37,20548,7790],{"class":59},[37,20550,56],{"class":55},[37,20552,20553],{"class":51},"])",[37,20555,20556],{"class":3788},"   # Ana\n",[37,20558,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20560,92],{"class":91},[37,20562,95],{"class":51},[37,20564,543],{"class":102},[37,20566,1067],{"class":51},[37,20568,56],{"class":55},[37,20570,10523],{"class":59},[37,20572,56],{"class":55},[37,20574,20553],{"class":51},[37,20576,20577],{"class":3788},"   # KeyError\n",[307,20579,20580],{"id":19858},[15,20581,10855],{},[20,20583,20584,20586],{},[15,20585,10855],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[28,20588,20590],{"className":30,"code":20589,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20591,20592,20616,20620,20644],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20593,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20595,494],{"class":43},[37,20597,48],{"class":47},[37,20599,10605],{"class":51},[37,20601,56],{"class":55},[37,20603,7790],{"class":59},[37,20605,56],{"class":55},[37,20607,3013],{"class":51},[37,20609,68],{"class":55},[37,20611,1646],{"class":59},[37,20613,56],{"class":55},[37,20615,9424],{"class":51},[37,20617,20618],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20619,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20621,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20623,92],{"class":91},[37,20625,95],{"class":51},[37,20627,543],{"class":102},[37,20629,292],{"class":51},[37,20631,19858],{"class":102},[37,20633,95],{"class":51},[37,20635,56],{"class":55},[37,20637,7790],{"class":59},[37,20639,56],{"class":55},[37,20641,5482],{"class":51},[37,20643,20556],{"class":3788},[37,20645,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20647,92],{"class":91},[37,20649,95],{"class":51},[37,20651,543],{"class":102},[37,20653,292],{"class":51},[37,20655,19858],{"class":102},[37,20657,95],{"class":51},[37,20659,56],{"class":55},[37,20661,10523],{"class":59},[37,20663,56],{"class":55},[37,20665,5482],{"class":51},[37,20667,20668],{"class":3788},"   # None\n",[20,20670,18802],{},[135,20672,20673,20679],{},[138,20674,20675,20676],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[110,20677,20678],{},"must exist",[138,20680,20681,20683,20684],{},[15,20682,10855],{}," when the key is ",[110,20685,20686],{},"optional",[20,20688,20689,20690,292],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[285,20691,11377],{"href":11190},[130,20693,20695],{"id":20694},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20697,20698,20699,20701],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20700,10855],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[28,20703,20705],{"className":30,"code":20704,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20706,20707,20732,20736],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20708,20709,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20710,20711],{"class":43},"profile ",[37,20713,48],{"class":47},[37,20715,10605],{"class":51},[37,20717,56],{"class":55},[37,20719,7790],{"class":59},[37,20721,56],{"class":55},[37,20723,3013],{"class":51},[37,20725,68],{"class":55},[37,20727,8041],{"class":59},[37,20729,56],{"class":55},[37,20731,9424],{"class":51},[37,20733,20734],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20735,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20737,20738,20740,20742,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20764,20766,20768],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20739,92],{"class":91},[37,20741,95],{"class":51},[37,20743,20744],{"class":102},"profile",[37,20746,292],{"class":51},[37,20748,19858],{"class":102},[37,20750,95],{"class":51},[37,20752,56],{"class":55},[37,20754,15370],{"class":59},[37,20756,56],{"class":55},[37,20758,65],{"class":51},[37,20760,68],{"class":55},[37,20762,20763],{"class":59},"Unknown",[37,20765,56],{"class":55},[37,20767,5482],{"class":51},[37,20769,20770],{"class":3788},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20772,20773],{},"This is useful for display text:",[135,20775,20776,20781,20786],{},[138,20777,20778],{},[15,20779,20780],{},"\"Unknown\"",[138,20782,20783],{},[15,20784,20785],{},"\"Not set\"",[138,20787,20788],{},[15,20789,20790],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20792,20793],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[28,20795,20797],{"className":30,"code":20796,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20798,20799,20831,20835,20862],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20800,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20802,5183],{"class":43},[37,20804,48],{"class":47},[37,20806,10605],{"class":51},[37,20808,56],{"class":55},[37,20810,18524],{"class":59},[37,20812,56],{"class":55},[37,20814,3013],{"class":51},[37,20816,6125],{"class":122},[37,20818,65],{"class":51},[37,20820,68],{"class":55},[37,20822,18533],{"class":59},[37,20824,56],{"class":55},[37,20826,3013],{"class":51},[37,20828,6481],{"class":122},[37,20830,9424],{"class":51},[37,20832,20833],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20834,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20836,20837,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20838,20839],{"class":43},"total_history ",[37,20841,48],{"class":47},[37,20843,5230],{"class":43},[37,20845,292],{"class":51},[37,20847,19858],{"class":102},[37,20849,95],{"class":51},[37,20851,56],{"class":55},[37,20853,18542],{"class":59},[37,20855,56],{"class":55},[37,20857,65],{"class":51},[37,20859,1498],{"class":122},[37,20861,85],{"class":51},[37,20863,20864,20866,20868,20871,20873],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20865,92],{"class":91},[37,20867,95],{"class":51},[37,20869,20870],{"class":102},"total_history",[37,20872,18],{"class":51},[37,20874,20875],{"class":3788},"   # 0\n",[20,20877,1088,20878,20880],{},[15,20879,1070],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20882,20883],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[135,20885,20886,20889,20894,20899],{},[138,20887,20888],{},"Use a string for text",[138,20890,22,20891,20893],{},[15,20892,1070],{}," for numbers",[138,20895,22,20896,20898],{},[15,20897,3913],{}," for lists if needed",[138,20900,22,20901,20903],{},[15,20902,3918],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[130,20905,20907],{"id":20906},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20909,20910,20911,292],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20912,10855],{},[307,20914,20916,20918],{"id":20915},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20917,10855],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20920,20921,20922,20924],{},"This code does ",[110,20923,711],{}," create a new key:",[28,20926,20928],{"className":30,"code":20927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20929,20930,20954,20958,20983],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,20931,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,20933,13314],{"class":43},[37,20935,48],{"class":47},[37,20937,10605],{"class":51},[37,20939,56],{"class":55},[37,20941,7790],{"class":59},[37,20943,56],{"class":55},[37,20945,3013],{"class":51},[37,20947,68],{"class":55},[37,20949,1646],{"class":59},[37,20951,56],{"class":55},[37,20953,9424],{"class":51},[37,20955,20956],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,20957,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,20959,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,20961,92],{"class":91},[37,20963,95],{"class":51},[37,20965,17416],{"class":102},[37,20967,292],{"class":51},[37,20969,19858],{"class":102},[37,20971,95],{"class":51},[37,20973,56],{"class":55},[37,20975,10523],{"class":59},[37,20977,56],{"class":55},[37,20979,5482],{"class":51},[37,20981,20982],{"class":3788},"  # None\n",[37,20984,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,20986,92],{"class":91},[37,20988,95],{"class":51},[37,20990,17416],{"class":102},[37,20992,18],{"class":51},[37,20994,20995],{"class":3788},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20997,20998],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[307,21000,21002,21004],{"id":21001},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21003,10855],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21006,21007],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[28,21009,21011],{"className":30,"code":21010,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21012,21013,21039,21043,21069],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21014,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21026,21028,21030,21032,21035,21037],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21016,13935],{"class":43},[37,21018,48],{"class":47},[37,21020,10605],{"class":51},[37,21022,56],{"class":55},[37,21024,21025],{"class":59},"mode",[37,21027,56],{"class":55},[37,21029,3013],{"class":51},[37,21031,68],{"class":55},[37,21033,21034],{"class":59},"light",[37,21036,56],{"class":55},[37,21038,9424],{"class":51},[37,21040,21041],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21042,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21044,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21046,13994],{"class":43},[37,21048,292],{"class":51},[37,21050,19858],{"class":102},[37,21052,95],{"class":51},[37,21054,56],{"class":55},[37,21056,12607],{"class":59},[37,21058,56],{"class":55},[37,21060,65],{"class":51},[37,21062,68],{"class":55},[37,21064,12616],{"class":59},[37,21066,56],{"class":55},[37,21068,85],{"class":51},[37,21070,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,21072,92],{"class":91},[37,21074,95],{"class":51},[37,21076,13994],{"class":102},[37,21078,18],{"class":51},[37,21080,21081],{"class":3788},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21083,21084,21085,21088],{},"Even though ",[15,21086,21087],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[307,21090,21092,21093],{"id":21091},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21094,3904],{},[20,21096,21097,21098,2530,21100,21102],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21099,10855],{},[15,21101,3904],{}," because:",[135,21104,21105,21108],{},[138,21106,21107],{},"The key is missing, or",[138,21109,21110,21111],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21112,3904],{},[20,21114,197],{},[28,21116,21118],{"className":30,"code":21117,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21119,21120,21157,21161,21185],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21121,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21149,21151,21153,21155],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21123,494],{"class":43},[37,21125,48],{"class":47},[37,21127,10605],{"class":51},[37,21129,56],{"class":55},[37,21131,7790],{"class":59},[37,21133,56],{"class":55},[37,21135,3013],{"class":51},[37,21137,68],{"class":55},[37,21139,1646],{"class":59},[37,21141,56],{"class":55},[37,21143,65],{"class":51},[37,21145,68],{"class":55},[37,21147,21148],{"class":59},"nickname",[37,21150,56],{"class":55},[37,21152,3013],{"class":51},[37,21154,3978],{"class":3977},[37,21156,9424],{"class":51},[37,21158,21159],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21160,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21162,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21164,92],{"class":91},[37,21166,95],{"class":51},[37,21168,543],{"class":102},[37,21170,292],{"class":51},[37,21172,19858],{"class":102},[37,21174,95],{"class":51},[37,21176,56],{"class":55},[37,21178,21148],{"class":59},[37,21180,56],{"class":55},[37,21182,5482],{"class":51},[37,21184,20982],{"class":3788},[37,21186,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,21188,92],{"class":91},[37,21190,95],{"class":51},[37,21192,543],{"class":102},[37,21194,292],{"class":51},[37,21196,19858],{"class":102},[37,21198,95],{"class":51},[37,21200,56],{"class":55},[37,21202,10523],{"class":59},[37,21204,56],{"class":55},[37,21206,5482],{"class":51},[37,21208,21209],{"class":3788},"      # None\n",[20,21211,21212,21213,21215],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21214,3904],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21217,21218,21219,3013],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21220,1773],{},[28,21222,21224],{"className":30,"code":21223,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21225,21226,21262,21266,21287],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21227,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21229,494],{"class":43},[37,21231,48],{"class":47},[37,21233,10605],{"class":51},[37,21235,56],{"class":55},[37,21237,7790],{"class":59},[37,21239,56],{"class":55},[37,21241,3013],{"class":51},[37,21243,68],{"class":55},[37,21245,1646],{"class":59},[37,21247,56],{"class":55},[37,21249,65],{"class":51},[37,21251,68],{"class":55},[37,21253,21148],{"class":59},[37,21255,56],{"class":55},[37,21257,3013],{"class":51},[37,21259,3978],{"class":3977},[37,21261,9424],{"class":51},[37,21263,21264],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21265,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21267,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21281,21283,21285],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21269,92],{"class":91},[37,21271,95],{"class":51},[37,21273,56],{"class":55},[37,21275,21148],{"class":59},[37,21277,56],{"class":55},[37,21279,21280],{"class":1483}," in",[37,21282,14676],{"class":102},[37,21284,18],{"class":51},[37,21286,3789],{"class":3788},[37,21288,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,21290,92],{"class":91},[37,21292,95],{"class":51},[37,21294,56],{"class":55},[37,21296,10523],{"class":59},[37,21298,56],{"class":55},[37,21300,21280],{"class":1483},[37,21302,14676],{"class":102},[37,21304,18],{"class":51},[37,21306,21307],{"class":3788},"      # False\n",[20,21309,21310,21311,292],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[285,21312,21313],{"href":17262},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[130,21315,1854],{"id":1853},[20,21317,21318,21319,3013],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21320,10855],{},[135,21322,21323,21328,21335,21340],{},[138,21324,21325,21326],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21327,19795],{},[138,21329,4823,21330,2530,21332,21334],{},[15,21331,10855],{},[15,21333,3904],{}," if no default is provided",[138,21336,4699,21337,21339],{},[15,21338,10855],{}," creates a key automatically",[138,21341,21342],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21344,21345],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[28,21347,21349],{"className":30,"code":21348,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21350,21351,21361,21375,21393,21415],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21352,21353,21355,21357,21359],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21354,92],{"class":91},[37,21356,95],{"class":51},[37,21358,11565],{"class":102},[37,21360,85],{"class":51},[37,21362,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21364,92],{"class":91},[37,21366,95],{"class":51},[37,21368,11565],{"class":102},[37,21370,292],{"class":51},[37,21372,17033],{"class":102},[37,21374,7315],{"class":51},[37,21376,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21378,92],{"class":91},[37,21380,95],{"class":51},[37,21382,821],{"class":55},[37,21384,7790],{"class":59},[37,21386,821],{"class":55},[37,21388,21280],{"class":1483},[37,21390,11878],{"class":102},[37,21392,85],{"class":51},[37,21394,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,21396,92],{"class":91},[37,21398,95],{"class":51},[37,21400,11565],{"class":102},[37,21402,292],{"class":51},[37,21404,19858],{"class":102},[37,21406,95],{"class":51},[37,21408,821],{"class":55},[37,21410,7790],{"class":59},[37,21412,821],{"class":55},[37,21414,106],{"class":51},[37,21416,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,21418,92],{"class":91},[37,21420,95],{"class":51},[37,21422,757],{"class":756},[37,21424,95],{"class":51},[37,21426,11565],{"class":102},[37,21428,292],{"class":51},[37,21430,19858],{"class":102},[37,21432,95],{"class":51},[37,21434,821],{"class":55},[37,21436,7790],{"class":59},[37,21438,821],{"class":55},[37,21440,3041],{"class":51},[20,21442,21443],{},"What these checks tell you:",[135,21445,21446,21451,21457,21463,21469],{},[138,21447,21448,21450],{},[15,21449,12792],{}," shows the full dictionary",[138,21452,21453,21456],{},[15,21454,21455],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[138,21458,21459,21462],{},[15,21460,21461],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[138,21464,21465,21468],{},[15,21466,21467],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[138,21470,21471,21474],{},[15,21472,21473],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21476,21477,21478,851,21483,21487],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[285,21479,21480,21481,10856],{"href":17171},"the dictionary ",[15,21482,17174],{},[285,21484,21480,21485,10856],{"href":17184},[15,21486,17187],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[130,21489,1969],{"id":1968},[307,21491,1983,21493,21495,21496,2623],{"id":21492},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21494,10855],{}," raise ",[15,21497,19795],{},[20,21499,21500,21501,21503],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21502,3904],{}," or the default value you provide.",[307,21505,1983,21507,21509],{"id":21506},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21508,10855],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21511,21512],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[307,21514,21516,21517,2623],{"id":21515},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21518,10855],{},[20,21520,21521,21523],{},[15,21522,3904],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[307,21525,21527,21528,21530],{"id":21526},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21529,10855],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21532,22,21533,21535],{},[15,21534,10855],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[130,21537,2025],{"id":2024},[135,21539,21540,21544,21550,21556,21560,21565],{},[138,21541,21542],{},[285,21543,9275],{"href":9274},[138,21545,21546],{},[285,21547,10852,21548,10856],{"href":17171},[15,21549,17174],{},[138,21551,21552],{},[285,21553,10852,21554,10856],{"href":17184},[15,21555,17187],{},[138,21557,21558],{},[285,21559,17263],{"href":17262},[138,21561,21562],{},[285,21563,21564],{"href":16706},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[138,21566,21567],{},[285,21568,11377],{"href":11190},[2052,21570,21571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21582,21583],{"id":20495,"depth":251,"text":20496},{"id":19858,"depth":251,"text":10855},{"id":20694,"depth":88,"text":20695},{"id":20906,"depth":88,"text":20907,"children":21586},[21587,21589,21591],{"id":20915,"depth":251,"text":21588},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21001,"depth":251,"text":21590},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21091,"depth":251,"text":21592},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":21595},[21596,21598,21600,21602],{"id":21492,"depth":251,"text":21597},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21506,"depth":251,"text":21599},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21515,"depth":251,"text":21601},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21526,"depth":251,"text":21603},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19776,"description":21605},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21612,"title":21613,"body":21614,"description":24170,"extension":2099,"meta":24171,"navigation":254,"path":24172,"seo":24173,"stem":24174,"__hash__":24175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21615,"toc":24136},[21616,21621,21627,21633,21635,21717,21721,21738,21743,21748,21753,21755,21769,21771,21834,21838,21878,21886,21888,21890,21905,21908,21921,21923,22002,22006,22072,22074,22078,22086,22088,22099,22101,22211,22215,22294,22300,22306,22311,22424,22428,22460,22463,22570,22576,22583,22587,22590,22692,22696,22757,22760,22763,22774,22783,22786,22803,22805,22904,22908,22983,22986,23009,23014,23019,23036,23038,23159,23163,23197,23199,23204,23211,23221,23223,23301,23304,23375,23385,23388,23420,23423,23462,23468,23475,23478,23569,23573,23654,23660,23663,23666,23771,23774,23777,23899,23903,23906,23973,23977,24014,24020,24022,24028,24033,24039,24046,24052,24055,24094,24100,24103,24105,24133],[10,21617,11433,21619,11437],{"id":21618},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21620,17187],{},[20,21622,1531,21623,21626],{},[15,21624,21625],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21628,21629,21630,21632],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21631,17187],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[130,21634,2140],{"id":2139},[28,21636,21638],{"className":30,"code":21637,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21639,21640,21676,21680,21703],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21641,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21643,13314],{"class":43},[37,21645,48],{"class":47},[37,21647,10605],{"class":51},[37,21649,56],{"class":55},[37,21651,7790],{"class":59},[37,21653,56],{"class":55},[37,21655,3013],{"class":51},[37,21657,68],{"class":55},[37,21659,1646],{"class":59},[37,21661,56],{"class":55},[37,21663,65],{"class":51},[37,21665,68],{"class":55},[37,21667,9415],{"class":59},[37,21669,56],{"class":55},[37,21671,3013],{"class":51},[37,21673,1653],{"class":122},[37,21675,9424],{"class":51},[37,21677,21678],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21679,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21681,21682,21684,21687,21689,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21683,1767],{"class":1483},[37,21685,21686],{"class":43}," key",[37,21688,65],{"class":51},[37,21690,21691],{"class":43}," value ",[37,21693,1773],{"class":1483},[37,21695,13357],{"class":43},[37,21697,292],{"class":51},[37,21699,687],{"class":102},[37,21701,21702],{"class":51},"():\n",[37,21704,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,21706,1506],{"class":91},[37,21708,95],{"class":51},[37,21710,14951],{"class":102},[37,21712,65],{"class":51},[37,21714,8551],{"class":102},[37,21716,85],{"class":51},[20,21718,21719],{},[110,21720,112],{},[28,21722,21724],{"className":30,"code":21723,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21725,21726,21731],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21727,21728],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21729,21730],{"class":43},"name Ana\n",[37,21732,21733,21736],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21734,21735],{"class":43},"age ",[37,21737,2837],{"class":122},[20,21739,22,21740,21742],{},[15,21741,17187],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[130,21744,296,21746,3805],{"id":21745},"what-items-does",[15,21747,17187],{},[20,21749,21750,21752],{},[15,21751,17187],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21754,181],{},[135,21756,21757,21763,21766],{},[138,21758,21759,21760],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21761,21762],{},"(key, value)",[138,21764,21765],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[138,21767,21768],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21770,197],{},[28,21772,21774],{"className":30,"code":21773,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21775,21776,21812,21816],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21777,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21779,13314],{"class":43},[37,21781,48],{"class":47},[37,21783,10605],{"class":51},[37,21785,56],{"class":55},[37,21787,7790],{"class":59},[37,21789,56],{"class":55},[37,21791,3013],{"class":51},[37,21793,68],{"class":55},[37,21795,1646],{"class":59},[37,21797,56],{"class":55},[37,21799,65],{"class":51},[37,21801,68],{"class":55},[37,21803,9415],{"class":59},[37,21805,56],{"class":55},[37,21807,3013],{"class":51},[37,21809,1653],{"class":122},[37,21811,9424],{"class":51},[37,21813,21814],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21815,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21817,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21819,92],{"class":91},[37,21821,95],{"class":51},[37,21823,8213],{"class":756},[37,21825,95],{"class":51},[37,21827,17416],{"class":102},[37,21829,292],{"class":51},[37,21831,687],{"class":102},[37,21833,6411],{"class":51},[20,21835,21836],{},[110,21837,112],{},[28,21839,21841],{"className":30,"code":21840,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21842,21843],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21844,21845,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21846,21847],{"class":51},"[(",[37,21849,821],{"class":55},[37,21851,7790],{"class":59},[37,21853,821],{"class":55},[37,21855,65],{"class":51},[37,21857,815],{"class":55},[37,21859,1646],{"class":59},[37,21861,821],{"class":55},[37,21863,516],{"class":51},[37,21865,52],{"class":51},[37,21867,821],{"class":55},[37,21869,9415],{"class":59},[37,21871,821],{"class":55},[37,21873,65],{"class":51},[37,21875,1653],{"class":122},[37,21877,9365],{"class":51},[20,21879,21880,21881,3006,21883,292],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[285,21882,9275],{"href":13135},[285,21884,15135],{"href":21885},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[130,21887,159],{"id":158},[20,21889,5555],{},[28,21891,21893],{"className":30,"code":21892,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21894,21895],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21896,21897,21899,21901,21903],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21898,11565],{"class":43},[37,21900,292],{"class":51},[37,21902,687],{"class":102},[37,21904,8761],{"class":51},[20,21906,21907],{},"Things to remember:",[135,21909,21910,21915,21918],{},[138,21911,21912,21914],{},[15,21913,17187],{}," does not take any arguments",[138,21916,21917],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[138,21919,21920],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21922,197],{},[28,21924,21926],{"className":30,"code":21925,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21927,21928,21960,21964,21978,21982,21992],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,21929,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,21931,5183],{"class":43},[37,21933,48],{"class":47},[37,21935,10605],{"class":51},[37,21937,56],{"class":55},[37,21939,5123],{"class":59},[37,21941,56],{"class":55},[37,21943,3013],{"class":51},[37,21945,20006],{"class":122},[37,21947,65],{"class":51},[37,21949,68],{"class":55},[37,21951,5132],{"class":59},[37,21953,56],{"class":55},[37,21955,3013],{"class":51},[37,21957,13616],{"class":122},[37,21959,9424],{"class":51},[37,21961,21962],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,21963,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21965,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,21967,2362],{"class":43},[37,21969,48],{"class":47},[37,21971,5230],{"class":43},[37,21973,292],{"class":51},[37,21975,687],{"class":102},[37,21977,8761],{"class":51},[37,21979,21980],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,21981,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,21983,21984,21986,21988,21990],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,21985,92],{"class":91},[37,21987,95],{"class":51},[37,21989,2397],{"class":102},[37,21991,85],{"class":51},[37,21993,21994,21996,21998,22000],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,21995,92],{"class":91},[37,21997,95],{"class":51},[37,21999,16498],{"class":102},[37,22001,85],{"class":51},[20,22003,22004],{},[110,22005,112],{},[28,22007,22009],{"className":30,"code":22008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22010,22011,22044],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22012,22013,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22014,22015],{"class":102},"dict_items",[37,22017,9773],{"class":51},[37,22019,821],{"class":55},[37,22021,5123],{"class":59},[37,22023,821],{"class":55},[37,22025,65],{"class":51},[37,22027,20006],{"class":122},[37,22029,516],{"class":51},[37,22031,52],{"class":51},[37,22033,821],{"class":55},[37,22035,5132],{"class":59},[37,22037,821],{"class":55},[37,22039,65],{"class":51},[37,22041,13616],{"class":122},[37,22043,10794],{"class":51},[37,22045,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22047,9394],{"class":51},[37,22049,821],{"class":55},[37,22051,5123],{"class":59},[37,22053,821],{"class":55},[37,22055,3013],{"class":51},[37,22057,20006],{"class":122},[37,22059,65],{"class":51},[37,22061,815],{"class":55},[37,22063,5132],{"class":59},[37,22065,821],{"class":55},[37,22067,3013],{"class":51},[37,22069,13616],{"class":122},[37,22071,9424],{"class":51},[20,22073,20998],{},[130,22075,22077],{"id":22076},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22079,22080,22082,22083,22085],{},[15,22081,17187],{}," returns a ",[15,22084,22015],{}," view object.",[20,22087,2242],{},[135,22089,22090,22093,22096],{},[138,22091,22092],{},"You can loop over it",[138,22094,22095],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[138,22097,22098],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22100,197],{},[28,22102,22104],{"className":30,"code":22103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22105,22106,22138,22152,22156,22170,22174,22193,22197],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22107,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22109,494],{"class":43},[37,22111,48],{"class":47},[37,22113,10605],{"class":51},[37,22115,56],{"class":55},[37,22117,900],{"class":59},[37,22119,56],{"class":55},[37,22121,3013],{"class":51},[37,22123,5619],{"class":122},[37,22125,65],{"class":51},[37,22127,68],{"class":55},[37,22129,909],{"class":59},[37,22131,56],{"class":55},[37,22133,3013],{"class":51},[37,22135,890],{"class":122},[37,22137,9424],{"class":51},[37,22139,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22141,9333],{"class":43},[37,22143,48],{"class":47},[37,22145,14676],{"class":43},[37,22147,292],{"class":51},[37,22149,687],{"class":102},[37,22151,8761],{"class":51},[37,22153,22154],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22155,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22157,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,22159,92],{"class":91},[37,22161,95],{"class":51},[37,22163,8213],{"class":756},[37,22165,95],{"class":51},[37,22167,9378],{"class":102},[37,22169,106],{"class":51},[37,22171,22172],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,22173,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22175,22176,22178,22180,22182,22185,22187,22189,22191],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,22177,543],{"class":43},[37,22179,1067],{"class":51},[37,22181,56],{"class":55},[37,22183,22184],{"class":59},"z",[37,22186,56],{"class":55},[37,22188,13383],{"class":51},[37,22190,1342],{"class":47},[37,22192,2707],{"class":122},[37,22194,22195],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,22196,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22198,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,22200,92],{"class":91},[37,22202,95],{"class":51},[37,22204,8213],{"class":756},[37,22206,95],{"class":51},[37,22208,9378],{"class":102},[37,22210,106],{"class":51},[20,22212,22213],{},[110,22214,112],{},[28,22216,22218],{"className":30,"code":22217,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22219,22220,22250],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22221,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22223,21847],{"class":51},[37,22225,821],{"class":55},[37,22227,900],{"class":59},[37,22229,821],{"class":55},[37,22231,65],{"class":51},[37,22233,5619],{"class":122},[37,22235,516],{"class":51},[37,22237,52],{"class":51},[37,22239,821],{"class":55},[37,22241,909],{"class":59},[37,22243,821],{"class":55},[37,22245,65],{"class":51},[37,22247,890],{"class":122},[37,22249,9365],{"class":51},[37,22251,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22253,21847],{"class":51},[37,22255,821],{"class":55},[37,22257,900],{"class":59},[37,22259,821],{"class":55},[37,22261,65],{"class":51},[37,22263,5619],{"class":122},[37,22265,516],{"class":51},[37,22267,52],{"class":51},[37,22269,821],{"class":55},[37,22271,909],{"class":59},[37,22273,821],{"class":55},[37,22275,65],{"class":51},[37,22277,890],{"class":122},[37,22279,516],{"class":51},[37,22281,52],{"class":51},[37,22283,821],{"class":55},[37,22285,22184],{"class":59},[37,22287,821],{"class":55},[37,22289,65],{"class":51},[37,22291,513],{"class":122},[37,22293,9365],{"class":51},[20,22295,22296,22297,22299],{},"This happens because ",[15,22298,9378],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[130,22301,22303,22304],{"id":22302},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22305,17187],{},[20,22307,22308,22309,3013],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22310,17187],{},[28,22312,22314],{"className":30,"code":22313,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22315,22316,22369,22373,22393],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22317,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22319,12976],{"class":43},[37,22321,48],{"class":47},[37,22323,10605],{"class":51},[37,22325,56],{"class":55},[37,22327,7790],{"class":59},[37,22329,56],{"class":55},[37,22331,3013],{"class":51},[37,22333,68],{"class":55},[37,22335,8041],{"class":59},[37,22337,56],{"class":55},[37,22339,65],{"class":51},[37,22341,68],{"class":55},[37,22343,19999],{"class":59},[37,22345,56],{"class":55},[37,22347,3013],{"class":51},[37,22349,68],{"class":55},[37,22351,22352],{"class":59},"A",[37,22354,56],{"class":55},[37,22356,65],{"class":51},[37,22358,68],{"class":55},[37,22360,9415],{"class":59},[37,22362,56],{"class":55},[37,22364,3013],{"class":51},[37,22366,13967],{"class":122},[37,22368,9424],{"class":51},[37,22370,22371],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22372,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22374,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22376,1767],{"class":1483},[37,22378,21686],{"class":43},[37,22380,65],{"class":51},[37,22382,21691],{"class":43},[37,22384,1773],{"class":1483},[37,22386,13018],{"class":43},[37,22388,292],{"class":51},[37,22390,687],{"class":102},[37,22392,21702],{"class":51},[37,22394,22395,22397,22399,22402,22404,22406,22408,22411,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,22396,1506],{"class":91},[37,22398,95],{"class":51},[37,22400,22401],{"class":811},"f",[37,22403,56],{"class":59},[37,22405,9394],{"class":122},[37,22407,14951],{"class":102},[37,22409,22410],{"class":122},"}",[37,22412,22413],{"class":59},": ",[37,22415,9394],{"class":122},[37,22417,1215],{"class":102},[37,22419,22410],{"class":122},[37,22421,56],{"class":59},[37,22423,85],{"class":51},[20,22425,22426],{},[110,22427,112],{},[28,22429,22431],{"className":30,"code":22430,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22432,22433,22442,22451],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22434,22435,22437,22439],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22436,7790],{"class":43},[37,22438,3013],{"class":51},[37,22440,22441],{"class":43}," Mia\n",[37,22443,22444,22446,22448],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22445,19999],{"class":43},[37,22447,3013],{"class":51},[37,22449,22450],{"class":43}," A\n",[37,22452,22453,22455,22457],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22454,9415],{"class":43},[37,22456,3013],{"class":51},[37,22458,22459],{"class":122}," 14\n",[20,22461,22462],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[28,22464,22466],{"className":30,"code":22465,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22467,22468,22520,22524,22536],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22469,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22471,12976],{"class":43},[37,22473,48],{"class":47},[37,22475,10605],{"class":51},[37,22477,56],{"class":55},[37,22479,7790],{"class":59},[37,22481,56],{"class":55},[37,22483,3013],{"class":51},[37,22485,68],{"class":55},[37,22487,8041],{"class":59},[37,22489,56],{"class":55},[37,22491,65],{"class":51},[37,22493,68],{"class":55},[37,22495,19999],{"class":59},[37,22497,56],{"class":55},[37,22499,3013],{"class":51},[37,22501,68],{"class":55},[37,22503,22352],{"class":59},[37,22505,56],{"class":55},[37,22507,65],{"class":51},[37,22509,68],{"class":55},[37,22511,9415],{"class":59},[37,22513,56],{"class":55},[37,22515,3013],{"class":51},[37,22517,13967],{"class":122},[37,22519,9424],{"class":51},[37,22521,22522],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22523,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22525,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22527,1767],{"class":1483},[37,22529,18316],{"class":43},[37,22531,1773],{"class":1483},[37,22533,13018],{"class":43},[37,22535,1501],{"class":51},[37,22537,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,22539,1506],{"class":91},[37,22541,95],{"class":51},[37,22543,22401],{"class":811},[37,22545,56],{"class":59},[37,22547,9394],{"class":122},[37,22549,14951],{"class":102},[37,22551,22410],{"class":122},[37,22553,22413],{"class":59},[37,22555,9394],{"class":122},[37,22557,13735],{"class":102},[37,22559,1067],{"class":51},[37,22561,14951],{"class":102},[37,22563,13383],{"class":51},[37,22565,22410],{"class":122},[37,22567,56],{"class":59},[37,22569,85],{"class":51},[20,22571,6631,22572,22575],{},[15,22573,22574],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22577,22578,22579,292],{},"For a full guide, see ",[285,22580,22582],{"href":22581},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[130,22584,22586],{"id":22585},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22588,22589],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[28,22591,22593],{"className":30,"code":22592,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22594,22595,22653,22657,22677,22681],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22596,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22640,22642,22644,22646,22649,22651],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22598,44],{"class":43},[37,22600,48],{"class":47},[37,22602,10605],{"class":51},[37,22604,56],{"class":55},[37,22606,329],{"class":59},[37,22608,56],{"class":55},[37,22610,3013],{"class":51},[37,22612,68],{"class":55},[37,22614,60],{"class":59},[37,22616,56],{"class":55},[37,22618,65],{"class":51},[37,22620,68],{"class":55},[37,22622,338],{"class":59},[37,22624,56],{"class":55},[37,22626,3013],{"class":51},[37,22628,68],{"class":55},[37,22630,627],{"class":59},[37,22632,56],{"class":55},[37,22634,65],{"class":51},[37,22636,68],{"class":55},[37,22638,22639],{"class":59},"grape",[37,22641,56],{"class":55},[37,22643,3013],{"class":51},[37,22645,68],{"class":55},[37,22647,22648],{"class":59},"purple",[37,22650,56],{"class":55},[37,22652,9424],{"class":51},[37,22654,22655],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22656,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22658,22659,22662,22664,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22660,22661],{"class":43},"pairs_list ",[37,22663,48],{"class":47},[37,22665,22666],{"class":756}," list",[37,22668,95],{"class":51},[37,22670,103],{"class":102},[37,22672,292],{"class":51},[37,22674,687],{"class":102},[37,22676,7315],{"class":51},[37,22678,22679],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,22680,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22682,22683,22685,22687,22690],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,22684,92],{"class":91},[37,22686,95],{"class":51},[37,22688,22689],{"class":102},"pairs_list",[37,22691,85],{"class":51},[20,22693,22694],{},[110,22695,112],{},[28,22697,22699],{"className":30,"code":22698,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22700,22701],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22702,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22704,21847],{"class":51},[37,22706,821],{"class":55},[37,22708,329],{"class":59},[37,22710,821],{"class":55},[37,22712,65],{"class":51},[37,22714,815],{"class":55},[37,22716,60],{"class":59},[37,22718,821],{"class":55},[37,22720,516],{"class":51},[37,22722,52],{"class":51},[37,22724,821],{"class":55},[37,22726,338],{"class":59},[37,22728,821],{"class":55},[37,22730,65],{"class":51},[37,22732,815],{"class":55},[37,22734,627],{"class":59},[37,22736,821],{"class":55},[37,22738,516],{"class":51},[37,22740,52],{"class":51},[37,22742,821],{"class":55},[37,22744,22639],{"class":59},[37,22746,821],{"class":55},[37,22748,65],{"class":51},[37,22750,815],{"class":55},[37,22752,22648],{"class":59},[37,22754,821],{"class":55},[37,22756,9365],{"class":51},[20,22758,22759],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22761,22762],{},"Use this when:",[135,22764,22765,22768,22771],{},[138,22766,22767],{},"You want clearer printed output",[138,22769,22770],{},"You need list behavior",[138,22772,22773],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[130,22775,22777,10700,22779,10700,22781],{"id":22776},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22778,17187],{},[15,22780,17174],{},[15,22782,17180],{},[20,22784,22785],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[135,22787,22788,22793,22798],{},[138,22789,22790,22792],{},[15,22791,17187],{}," gives both key and value",[138,22794,22795,22797],{},[15,22796,17174],{}," gives only keys",[138,22799,22800,22802],{},[15,22801,17180],{}," gives only values",[20,22804,197],{},[28,22806,22808],{"className":30,"code":22807,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22809,22810,22846,22850,22868,22886],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22811,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22813,13314],{"class":43},[37,22815,48],{"class":47},[37,22817,10605],{"class":51},[37,22819,56],{"class":55},[37,22821,7790],{"class":59},[37,22823,56],{"class":55},[37,22825,3013],{"class":51},[37,22827,68],{"class":55},[37,22829,1646],{"class":59},[37,22831,56],{"class":55},[37,22833,65],{"class":51},[37,22835,68],{"class":55},[37,22837,9415],{"class":59},[37,22839,56],{"class":55},[37,22841,3013],{"class":51},[37,22843,1653],{"class":122},[37,22845,9424],{"class":51},[37,22847,22848],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22849,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,22851,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22853,92],{"class":91},[37,22855,95],{"class":51},[37,22857,8213],{"class":756},[37,22859,95],{"class":51},[37,22861,17416],{"class":102},[37,22863,292],{"class":51},[37,22865,17033],{"class":102},[37,22867,6411],{"class":51},[37,22869,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,22871,92],{"class":91},[37,22873,95],{"class":51},[37,22875,8213],{"class":756},[37,22877,95],{"class":51},[37,22879,17416],{"class":102},[37,22881,292],{"class":51},[37,22883,1160],{"class":102},[37,22885,6411],{"class":51},[37,22887,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,22889,92],{"class":91},[37,22891,95],{"class":51},[37,22893,8213],{"class":756},[37,22895,95],{"class":51},[37,22897,17416],{"class":102},[37,22899,292],{"class":51},[37,22901,687],{"class":102},[37,22903,6411],{"class":51},[20,22905,22906],{},[110,22907,112],{},[28,22909,22911],{"className":30,"code":22910,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22912,22913,22933,22949],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,22914,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,22916,1067],{"class":51},[37,22918,821],{"class":55},[37,22920,7790],{"class":59},[37,22922,821],{"class":55},[37,22924,65],{"class":51},[37,22926,815],{"class":55},[37,22928,9415],{"class":59},[37,22930,821],{"class":55},[37,22932,3760],{"class":51},[37,22934,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,22936,1067],{"class":51},[37,22938,821],{"class":55},[37,22940,1646],{"class":59},[37,22942,821],{"class":55},[37,22944,65],{"class":51},[37,22946,1653],{"class":122},[37,22948,3760],{"class":51},[37,22950,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,22952,21847],{"class":51},[37,22954,821],{"class":55},[37,22956,7790],{"class":59},[37,22958,821],{"class":55},[37,22960,65],{"class":51},[37,22962,815],{"class":55},[37,22964,1646],{"class":59},[37,22966,821],{"class":55},[37,22968,516],{"class":51},[37,22970,52],{"class":51},[37,22972,821],{"class":55},[37,22974,9415],{"class":59},[37,22976,821],{"class":55},[37,22978,65],{"class":51},[37,22980,1653],{"class":122},[37,22982,9365],{"class":51},[20,22984,22985],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[135,22987,22988,22996,23004],{},[138,22989,22990,22991],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[285,22992,22994],{"href":22993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22995,17174],{},[138,22997,22998,22999],{},"Need just values? Use ",[285,23000,23002],{"href":23001},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23003,17180],{},[138,23005,23006,23007],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23008,17187],{},[130,23010,5080,23012],{"id":23011},"when-to-use-items",[15,23013,17187],{},[20,23015,23016,23018],{},[15,23017,17187],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[135,23020,23021,23024,23027,23030,23033],{},[138,23022,23023],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[138,23025,23026],{},"Building formatted output",[138,23028,23029],{},"Looping through settings and values",[138,23031,23032],{},"Showing names with scores",[138,23034,23035],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23037,197],{},[28,23039,23041],{"className":30,"code":23040,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23042,23043,23051,23069,23088,23100,23104,23108,23129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23044,23045,23047,23049],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23046,13935],{"class":43},[37,23048,48],{"class":47},[37,23050,11607],{"class":51},[37,23052,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23054,11612],{"class":55},[37,23056,12607],{"class":59},[37,23058,56],{"class":55},[37,23060,3013],{"class":51},[37,23062,68],{"class":55},[37,23064,12616],{"class":59},[37,23066,56],{"class":55},[37,23068,11628],{"class":51},[37,23070,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23084,23086],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23072,11612],{"class":55},[37,23074,20230],{"class":59},[37,23076,56],{"class":55},[37,23078,3013],{"class":51},[37,23080,68],{"class":55},[37,23082,23083],{"class":59},"English",[37,23085,56],{"class":55},[37,23087,11628],{"class":51},[37,23089,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23091,11612],{"class":55},[37,23093,18632],{"class":59},[37,23095,56],{"class":55},[37,23097,3013],{"class":51},[37,23099,6543],{"class":3977},[37,23101,23102],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,23103,9424],{"class":51},[37,23105,23106],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,23107,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23109,23110,23112,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,23111,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23113,23114],{"class":43}," setting",[37,23116,65],{"class":51},[37,23118,21691],{"class":43},[37,23120,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23122,13979],{"class":43},[37,23124,292],{"class":51},[37,23126,687],{"class":102},[37,23128,21702],{"class":51},[37,23130,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23144,23146,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,23132,1506],{"class":91},[37,23134,95],{"class":51},[37,23136,22401],{"class":811},[37,23138,56],{"class":59},[37,23140,9394],{"class":122},[37,23142,23143],{"class":102},"setting",[37,23145,22410],{"class":122},[37,23147,23148],{"class":59}," = ",[37,23150,9394],{"class":122},[37,23152,1215],{"class":102},[37,23154,22410],{"class":122},[37,23156,56],{"class":59},[37,23158,85],{"class":51},[20,23160,23161],{},[110,23162,112],{},[28,23164,23166],{"className":30,"code":23165,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23167,23168,23178,23188],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23169,23170,23173,23175],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23171,23172],{"class":43},"theme ",[37,23174,48],{"class":47},[37,23176,23177],{"class":43}," dark\n",[37,23179,23180,23183,23185],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23181,23182],{"class":43},"language ",[37,23184,48],{"class":47},[37,23186,23187],{"class":43}," English\n",[37,23189,23190,23193,23195],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23191,23192],{"class":43},"notifications ",[37,23194,48],{"class":47},[37,23196,6543],{"class":3977},[130,23198,1854],{"id":1853},[20,23200,23201,23202,292],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23203,17187],{},[307,23205,23207,23208,23210],{"id":23206},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23209,17187],{}," incorrectly",[20,23212,23213,23214,23216,23217,23220],{},"Each result from ",[15,23215,17187],{}," has ",[110,23218,23219],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23222,6809],{},[28,23224,23225],{"className":30,"code":21637,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,23226,23227,23263,23267,23287],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23228,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23230,13314],{"class":43},[37,23232,48],{"class":47},[37,23234,10605],{"class":51},[37,23236,56],{"class":55},[37,23238,7790],{"class":59},[37,23240,56],{"class":55},[37,23242,3013],{"class":51},[37,23244,68],{"class":55},[37,23246,1646],{"class":59},[37,23248,56],{"class":55},[37,23250,65],{"class":51},[37,23252,68],{"class":55},[37,23254,9415],{"class":59},[37,23256,56],{"class":55},[37,23258,3013],{"class":51},[37,23260,1653],{"class":122},[37,23262,9424],{"class":51},[37,23264,23265],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23266,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23268,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23270,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23272,21686],{"class":43},[37,23274,65],{"class":51},[37,23276,21691],{"class":43},[37,23278,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23280,13357],{"class":43},[37,23282,292],{"class":51},[37,23284,687],{"class":102},[37,23286,21702],{"class":51},[37,23288,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23290,1506],{"class":91},[37,23292,95],{"class":51},[37,23294,14951],{"class":102},[37,23296,65],{"class":51},[37,23298,8551],{"class":102},[37,23300,85],{"class":51},[20,23302,23303],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[28,23305,23307],{"className":30,"code":23306,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23308,23309,23345,23349,23365],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23310,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23312,13314],{"class":43},[37,23314,48],{"class":47},[37,23316,10605],{"class":51},[37,23318,56],{"class":55},[37,23320,7790],{"class":59},[37,23322,56],{"class":55},[37,23324,3013],{"class":51},[37,23326,68],{"class":55},[37,23328,1646],{"class":59},[37,23330,56],{"class":55},[37,23332,65],{"class":51},[37,23334,68],{"class":55},[37,23336,9415],{"class":59},[37,23338,56],{"class":55},[37,23340,3013],{"class":51},[37,23342,1653],{"class":122},[37,23344,9424],{"class":51},[37,23346,23347],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23348,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23350,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23352,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23354,18316],{"class":43},[37,23356,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23358,13357],{"class":43},[37,23360,292],{"class":51},[37,23362,687],{"class":102},[37,23364,21702],{"class":51},[37,23366,23367,23369,23371,23373],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23368,1506],{"class":91},[37,23370,95],{"class":51},[37,23372,14951],{"class":102},[37,23374,85],{"class":51},[20,23376,23377,23378,23380,23381,23384],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23379,14951],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23382,23383],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23386,23387],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[28,23389,23391],{"className":30,"code":23390,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23392,23393,23409],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23394,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23396,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23398,6082],{"class":43},[37,23400,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23402,13357],{"class":43},[37,23404,292],{"class":51},[37,23406,687],{"class":102},[37,23408,21702],{"class":51},[37,23410,23411,23413,23415,23418],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23412,1506],{"class":91},[37,23414,95],{"class":51},[37,23416,23417],{"class":102},"item",[37,23419,85],{"class":51},[20,23421,23422],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[28,23424,23426],{"className":30,"code":23425,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23427,23428,23448],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23429,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23431,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23433,21686],{"class":43},[37,23435,65],{"class":51},[37,23437,21691],{"class":43},[37,23439,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23441,13357],{"class":43},[37,23443,292],{"class":51},[37,23445,687],{"class":102},[37,23447,21702],{"class":51},[37,23449,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23451,1506],{"class":91},[37,23453,95],{"class":51},[37,23455,14951],{"class":102},[37,23457,65],{"class":51},[37,23459,8551],{"class":102},[37,23461,85],{"class":51},[307,23463,1880,23465,23467],{"id":23464},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23466,17187],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23469,23470,22082,23472,23474],{},[15,23471,17187],{},[15,23473,22015],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23476,23477],{},"Check it:",[28,23479,23481],{"className":30,"code":23480,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23482,23483,23515,23519,23533,23551],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23484,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23486,11837],{"class":43},[37,23488,48],{"class":47},[37,23490,10605],{"class":51},[37,23492,56],{"class":55},[37,23494,285],{"class":59},[37,23496,56],{"class":55},[37,23498,3013],{"class":51},[37,23500,5619],{"class":122},[37,23502,65],{"class":51},[37,23504,68],{"class":55},[37,23506,777],{"class":59},[37,23508,56],{"class":55},[37,23510,3013],{"class":51},[37,23512,890],{"class":122},[37,23514,9424],{"class":51},[37,23516,23517],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23518,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23520,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23522,92],{"class":91},[37,23524,95],{"class":51},[37,23526,11565],{"class":102},[37,23528,292],{"class":51},[37,23530,687],{"class":102},[37,23532,7315],{"class":51},[37,23534,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23536,92],{"class":91},[37,23538,95],{"class":51},[37,23540,757],{"class":756},[37,23542,95],{"class":51},[37,23544,11565],{"class":102},[37,23546,292],{"class":51},[37,23548,687],{"class":102},[37,23550,6411],{"class":51},[37,23552,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,23554,92],{"class":91},[37,23556,95],{"class":51},[37,23558,8213],{"class":756},[37,23560,95],{"class":51},[37,23562,11565],{"class":102},[37,23564,292],{"class":51},[37,23566,687],{"class":102},[37,23568,6411],{"class":51},[20,23570,23571],{},[110,23572,112],{},[28,23574,23576],{"className":30,"code":23575,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23577,23578,23610,23624],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23579,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23581,22015],{"class":102},[37,23583,9773],{"class":51},[37,23585,821],{"class":55},[37,23587,285],{"class":59},[37,23589,821],{"class":55},[37,23591,65],{"class":51},[37,23593,5619],{"class":122},[37,23595,516],{"class":51},[37,23597,52],{"class":51},[37,23599,821],{"class":55},[37,23601,777],{"class":59},[37,23603,821],{"class":55},[37,23605,65],{"class":51},[37,23607,890],{"class":122},[37,23609,10794],{"class":51},[37,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23613,808],{"class":47},[37,23615,812],{"class":811},[37,23617,815],{"class":55},[37,23619,22015],{"class":59},[37,23621,821],{"class":55},[37,23623,824],{"class":47},[37,23625,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23627,21847],{"class":51},[37,23629,821],{"class":55},[37,23631,285],{"class":59},[37,23633,821],{"class":55},[37,23635,65],{"class":51},[37,23637,5619],{"class":122},[37,23639,516],{"class":51},[37,23641,52],{"class":51},[37,23643,821],{"class":55},[37,23645,777],{"class":59},[37,23647,821],{"class":55},[37,23649,65],{"class":51},[37,23651,890],{"class":122},[37,23653,9365],{"class":51},[307,23655,23657,23658],{"id":23656},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23659,17187],{},[20,23661,23662],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23664,23665],{},"Problem example:",[28,23667,23669],{"className":30,"code":23668,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23670,23671,23715,23719,23739,23751],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23672,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23674,207],{"class":43},[37,23676,48],{"class":47},[37,23678,10605],{"class":51},[37,23680,56],{"class":55},[37,23682,285],{"class":59},[37,23684,56],{"class":55},[37,23686,3013],{"class":51},[37,23688,5619],{"class":122},[37,23690,65],{"class":51},[37,23692,68],{"class":55},[37,23694,777],{"class":59},[37,23696,56],{"class":55},[37,23698,3013],{"class":51},[37,23700,890],{"class":122},[37,23702,65],{"class":51},[37,23704,68],{"class":55},[37,23706,1754],{"class":59},[37,23708,56],{"class":55},[37,23710,3013],{"class":51},[37,23712,513],{"class":122},[37,23714,9424],{"class":51},[37,23716,23717],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23718,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23720,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23722,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23724,21686],{"class":43},[37,23726,65],{"class":51},[37,23728,21691],{"class":43},[37,23730,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23732,4383],{"class":43},[37,23734,292],{"class":51},[37,23736,687],{"class":102},[37,23738,21702],{"class":51},[37,23740,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23742,6519],{"class":1483},[37,23744,21691],{"class":43},[37,23746,4807],{"class":47},[37,23748,890],{"class":122},[37,23750,1501],{"class":51},[37,23752,23753,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,23754,23755],{"class":43},"        numbers",[37,23757,1067],{"class":51},[37,23759,56],{"class":55},[37,23761,18875],{"class":59},[37,23763,56],{"class":55},[37,23765,13383],{"class":51},[37,23767,1342],{"class":47},[37,23769,23770],{"class":122}," 4\n",[20,23772,23773],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23775,23776],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[28,23778,23780],{"className":30,"code":23779,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23781,23782,23826,23830,23855,23867,23885,23889],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23783,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23785,207],{"class":43},[37,23787,48],{"class":47},[37,23789,10605],{"class":51},[37,23791,56],{"class":55},[37,23793,285],{"class":59},[37,23795,56],{"class":55},[37,23797,3013],{"class":51},[37,23799,5619],{"class":122},[37,23801,65],{"class":51},[37,23803,68],{"class":55},[37,23805,777],{"class":59},[37,23807,56],{"class":55},[37,23809,3013],{"class":51},[37,23811,890],{"class":122},[37,23813,65],{"class":51},[37,23815,68],{"class":55},[37,23817,1754],{"class":59},[37,23819,56],{"class":55},[37,23821,3013],{"class":51},[37,23823,513],{"class":122},[37,23825,9424],{"class":51},[37,23827,23828],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23829,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23831,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23833,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23835,21686],{"class":43},[37,23837,65],{"class":51},[37,23839,21691],{"class":43},[37,23841,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23843,22666],{"class":756},[37,23845,95],{"class":51},[37,23847,246],{"class":102},[37,23849,292],{"class":51},[37,23851,687],{"class":102},[37,23853,23854],{"class":51},"()):\n",[37,23856,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23858,6519],{"class":1483},[37,23860,21691],{"class":43},[37,23862,4807],{"class":47},[37,23864,890],{"class":122},[37,23866,1501],{"class":51},[37,23868,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,23870,23755],{"class":43},[37,23872,1067],{"class":51},[37,23874,56],{"class":55},[37,23876,18875],{"class":59},[37,23878,56],{"class":55},[37,23880,13383],{"class":51},[37,23882,1342],{"class":47},[37,23884,23770],{"class":122},[37,23886,23887],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,23888,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23890,23891,23893,23895,23897],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,23892,92],{"class":91},[37,23894,95],{"class":51},[37,23896,246],{"class":102},[37,23898,85],{"class":51},[307,23900,23902],{"id":23901},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23904,23905],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[28,23907,23909],{"className":30,"code":23908,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23910,23911,23943,23947,23963],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23912,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23914,494],{"class":43},[37,23916,48],{"class":47},[37,23918,10605],{"class":51},[37,23920,56],{"class":55},[37,23922,900],{"class":59},[37,23924,56],{"class":55},[37,23926,3013],{"class":51},[37,23928,6125],{"class":122},[37,23930,65],{"class":51},[37,23932,68],{"class":55},[37,23934,909],{"class":59},[37,23936,56],{"class":55},[37,23938,3013],{"class":51},[37,23940,219],{"class":122},[37,23942,9424],{"class":51},[37,23944,23945],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,23946,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,23948,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,23950,1767],{"class":1483},[37,23952,6082],{"class":43},[37,23954,1773],{"class":1483},[37,23956,14676],{"class":43},[37,23958,292],{"class":51},[37,23960,687],{"class":102},[37,23962,21702],{"class":51},[37,23964,23965,23967,23969,23971],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,23966,1506],{"class":91},[37,23968,95],{"class":51},[37,23970,23417],{"class":102},[37,23972,85],{"class":51},[20,23974,23975],{},[110,23976,112],{},[28,23978,23980],{"className":30,"code":23979,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23981,23982,23998],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,23983,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,23985,95],{"class":51},[37,23987,821],{"class":55},[37,23989,900],{"class":59},[37,23991,821],{"class":55},[37,23993,65],{"class":51},[37,23995,6125],{"class":122},[37,23997,85],{"class":51},[37,23999,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24001,95],{"class":51},[37,24003,821],{"class":55},[37,24005,909],{"class":59},[37,24007,821],{"class":55},[37,24009,65],{"class":51},[37,24011,219],{"class":122},[37,24013,85],{"class":51},[20,24015,24016,24017,24019],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24018,21762],{}," pair.",[130,24021,1969],{"id":1968},[307,24023,24025,24026,5265],{"id":24024},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24027,17187],{},[20,24029,17531,24030,24032],{},[15,24031,22015],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[307,24034,1983,24036,24038],{"id":24035},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24037,17187],{}," return a list?",[20,24040,24041,24042,24045],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24043,24044],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[307,24047,24049,24050,2623],{"id":24048},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24051,17187],{},[20,24053,24054],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[28,24056,24058],{"className":30,"code":24057,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24059,24060,24080],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24061,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24063,1767],{"class":1483},[37,24065,21686],{"class":43},[37,24067,65],{"class":51},[37,24069,21691],{"class":43},[37,24071,1773],{"class":1483},[37,24073,11878],{"class":43},[37,24075,292],{"class":51},[37,24077,687],{"class":102},[37,24079,21702],{"class":51},[37,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24083,1506],{"class":91},[37,24085,95],{"class":51},[37,24087,14951],{"class":102},[37,24089,65],{"class":51},[37,24091,8551],{"class":102},[37,24093,85],{"class":51},[307,24095,1983,24097,24099],{"id":24096},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24098,17187],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24101,24102],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[130,24104,2025],{"id":2024},[135,24106,24107,24113,24119,24124,24128],{},[138,24108,24109],{},[285,24110,10852,24111,10856],{"href":22993},[15,24112,17174],{},[138,24114,24115],{},[285,24116,10852,24117,10856],{"href":23001},[15,24118,17180],{},[138,24120,24121],{},[285,24122,24123],{"href":22581},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[138,24125,24126],{},[285,24127,9275],{"href":13135},[138,24129,24130],{},[285,24131,24132],{"href":21885},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2052,24134,24135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":24137},[24138,24139,24141,24142,24143,24145,24146,24148,24150,24159,24169],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":21745,"depth":88,"text":24140},"What items() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":22076,"depth":88,"text":22077},{"id":22302,"depth":88,"text":24144},"Looping with items()",{"id":22585,"depth":88,"text":22586},{"id":22776,"depth":88,"text":24147},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23011,"depth":88,"text":24149},"When to use items()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":24151},[24152,24154,24156,24158],{"id":23206,"depth":251,"text":24153},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23464,"depth":251,"text":24155},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23656,"depth":251,"text":24157},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23901,"depth":251,"text":23902},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":24160},[24161,24163,24165,24167],{"id":24024,"depth":251,"text":24162},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24035,"depth":251,"text":24164},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24048,"depth":251,"text":24166},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24096,"depth":251,"text":24168},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21613,"description":24170},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24177,"title":24178,"body":24179,"description":26268,"extension":2099,"meta":26269,"navigation":254,"path":22993,"seo":26270,"stem":26271,"__hash__":26272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24180,"toc":26234},[24181,24186,24192,24195,24206,24213,24215,24298,24302,24349,24354,24359,24364,24366,24382,24384,24483,24487,24544,24547,24549,24552,24645,24649,24712,24715,24731,24736,24738,24740,24755,24757,24768,24770,24813,24816,24860,24863,24865,24872,24875,24892,24894,24987,24991,25032,25044,25048,25051,25139,25143,25163,25166,25193,25200,25205,25209,25220,25222,25326,25330,25356,25359,25426,25431,25434,25457,25462,25466,25471,25477,25482,25484,25539,25543,25570,25577,25583,25586,25611,25617,25643,25646,25721,25728,25733,25735,25774,25792,25796,25798,25841,25844,25846,25865,25867,25872,25897,25900,25970,25973,26046,26050,26052,26113,26116,26131,26133,26138,26143,26150,26159,26165,26171,26178,26184,26188,26193,26195,26231],[10,24182,11433,24184,11437],{"id":24183},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24185,17174],{},[20,24187,24188,24189,24191],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24190,17174],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24193,24194],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[135,24196,24197,24200,24203],{},[138,24198,24199],{},"view the available keys",[138,24201,24202],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[138,24204,24205],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24207,24208,24210,24211,292],{},[15,24209,17174],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24212,17124],{},[130,24214,2140],{"id":2139},[28,24216,24218],{"className":30,"code":24217,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24219,24220,24256,24270,24274,24284],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24221,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24223,12976],{"class":43},[37,24225,48],{"class":47},[37,24227,10605],{"class":51},[37,24229,56],{"class":55},[37,24231,7790],{"class":59},[37,24233,56],{"class":55},[37,24235,3013],{"class":51},[37,24237,68],{"class":55},[37,24239,1646],{"class":59},[37,24241,56],{"class":55},[37,24243,65],{"class":51},[37,24245,68],{"class":55},[37,24247,9415],{"class":59},[37,24249,56],{"class":55},[37,24251,3013],{"class":51},[37,24253,219],{"class":122},[37,24255,9424],{"class":51},[37,24257,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24259,17351],{"class":43},[37,24261,48],{"class":47},[37,24263,13018],{"class":43},[37,24265,292],{"class":51},[37,24267,17033],{"class":102},[37,24269,8761],{"class":51},[37,24271,24272],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,24273,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,24275,24276,24278,24280,24282],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,24277,92],{"class":91},[37,24279,95],{"class":51},[37,24281,17033],{"class":102},[37,24283,85],{"class":51},[37,24285,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,24287,92],{"class":91},[37,24289,95],{"class":51},[37,24291,8213],{"class":756},[37,24293,95],{"class":51},[37,24295,17033],{"class":102},[37,24297,106],{"class":51},[20,24299,24300],{},[110,24301,112],{},[28,24303,24305],{"className":30,"code":24304,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24306,24307,24329],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24308,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24310,17124],{"class":102},[37,24312,3115],{"class":51},[37,24314,821],{"class":55},[37,24316,7790],{"class":59},[37,24318,821],{"class":55},[37,24320,65],{"class":51},[37,24322,815],{"class":55},[37,24324,9415],{"class":59},[37,24326,821],{"class":55},[37,24328,530],{"class":51},[37,24330,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24332,1067],{"class":51},[37,24334,821],{"class":55},[37,24336,7790],{"class":59},[37,24338,821],{"class":55},[37,24340,65],{"class":51},[37,24342,815],{"class":55},[37,24344,9415],{"class":59},[37,24346,821],{"class":55},[37,24348,3760],{"class":51},[20,24350,22,24351,24353],{},[15,24352,17174],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[130,24355,296,24357,3805],{"id":24356},"what-keys-does",[15,24358,17174],{},[20,24360,24361,24363],{},[15,24362,17174],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24365,181],{},[135,24367,24368,24371,24374,24379],{},[138,24369,24370],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[138,24372,24373],{},"It does not need any arguments",[138,24375,17531,24376,24378],{},[15,24377,17124],{}," view object, not a list",[138,24380,24381],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24383,197],{},[28,24385,24387],{"className":30,"code":24386,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24388,24389,24425,24429,24443,24447,24469],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24390,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24392,13314],{"class":43},[37,24394,48],{"class":47},[37,24396,10605],{"class":51},[37,24398,56],{"class":55},[37,24400,7790],{"class":59},[37,24402,56],{"class":55},[37,24404,3013],{"class":51},[37,24406,68],{"class":55},[37,24408,13331],{"class":59},[37,24410,56],{"class":55},[37,24412,65],{"class":51},[37,24414,68],{"class":55},[37,24416,9415],{"class":59},[37,24418,56],{"class":55},[37,24420,3013],{"class":51},[37,24422,1653],{"class":122},[37,24424,9424],{"class":51},[37,24426,24427],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24428,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,24430,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,24432,92],{"class":91},[37,24434,95],{"class":51},[37,24436,17416],{"class":102},[37,24438,292],{"class":51},[37,24440,17033],{"class":102},[37,24442,7315],{"class":51},[37,24444,24445],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,24446,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,24448,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,24450,17416],{"class":43},[37,24452,1067],{"class":51},[37,24454,56],{"class":55},[37,24456,10523],{"class":59},[37,24458,56],{"class":55},[37,24460,13383],{"class":51},[37,24462,1342],{"class":47},[37,24464,68],{"class":55},[37,24466,10530],{"class":59},[37,24468,3484],{"class":55},[37,24470,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,24472,92],{"class":91},[37,24474,95],{"class":51},[37,24476,17416],{"class":102},[37,24478,292],{"class":51},[37,24480,17033],{"class":102},[37,24482,7315],{"class":51},[20,24484,24485],{},[110,24486,112],{},[28,24488,24490],{"className":30,"code":24489,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24491,24492,24514],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24493,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24495,17124],{"class":102},[37,24497,3115],{"class":51},[37,24499,821],{"class":55},[37,24501,7790],{"class":59},[37,24503,821],{"class":55},[37,24505,65],{"class":51},[37,24507,815],{"class":55},[37,24509,9415],{"class":59},[37,24511,821],{"class":55},[37,24513,530],{"class":51},[37,24515,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24517,17124],{"class":102},[37,24519,3115],{"class":51},[37,24521,821],{"class":55},[37,24523,7790],{"class":59},[37,24525,821],{"class":55},[37,24527,65],{"class":51},[37,24529,815],{"class":55},[37,24531,9415],{"class":59},[37,24533,821],{"class":55},[37,24535,65],{"class":51},[37,24537,815],{"class":55},[37,24539,10523],{"class":59},[37,24541,821],{"class":55},[37,24543,530],{"class":51},[20,24545,24546],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[130,24548,5909],{"id":5908},[20,24550,24551],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[28,24553,24555],{"className":30,"code":24554,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24556,24557,24609,24613,24627],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24558,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24560,494],{"class":43},[37,24562,48],{"class":47},[37,24564,10605],{"class":51},[37,24566,56],{"class":55},[37,24568,7790],{"class":59},[37,24570,56],{"class":55},[37,24572,3013],{"class":51},[37,24574,68],{"class":55},[37,24576,1646],{"class":59},[37,24578,56],{"class":55},[37,24580,65],{"class":51},[37,24582,68],{"class":55},[37,24584,9415],{"class":59},[37,24586,56],{"class":55},[37,24588,3013],{"class":51},[37,24590,219],{"class":122},[37,24592,65],{"class":51},[37,24594,68],{"class":55},[37,24596,19999],{"class":59},[37,24598,56],{"class":55},[37,24600,3013],{"class":51},[37,24602,68],{"class":55},[37,24604,22352],{"class":59},[37,24606,56],{"class":55},[37,24608,9424],{"class":51},[37,24610,24611],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24612,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,24614,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,24616,92],{"class":91},[37,24618,95],{"class":51},[37,24620,543],{"class":102},[37,24622,292],{"class":51},[37,24624,17033],{"class":102},[37,24626,7315],{"class":51},[37,24628,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,24630,92],{"class":91},[37,24632,95],{"class":51},[37,24634,8213],{"class":756},[37,24636,95],{"class":51},[37,24638,543],{"class":102},[37,24640,292],{"class":51},[37,24642,17033],{"class":102},[37,24644,6411],{"class":51},[20,24646,24647],{},[110,24648,112],{},[28,24650,24652],{"className":30,"code":24651,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24653,24654,24684],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24655,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24657,17124],{"class":102},[37,24659,3115],{"class":51},[37,24661,821],{"class":55},[37,24663,7790],{"class":59},[37,24665,821],{"class":55},[37,24667,65],{"class":51},[37,24669,815],{"class":55},[37,24671,9415],{"class":59},[37,24673,821],{"class":55},[37,24675,65],{"class":51},[37,24677,815],{"class":55},[37,24679,19999],{"class":59},[37,24681,821],{"class":55},[37,24683,530],{"class":51},[37,24685,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24687,1067],{"class":51},[37,24689,821],{"class":55},[37,24691,7790],{"class":59},[37,24693,821],{"class":55},[37,24695,65],{"class":51},[37,24697,815],{"class":55},[37,24699,9415],{"class":59},[37,24701,821],{"class":55},[37,24703,65],{"class":51},[37,24705,815],{"class":55},[37,24707,19999],{"class":59},[37,24709,821],{"class":55},[37,24711,3760],{"class":51},[20,24713,24714],{},"This shows two things:",[135,24716,24717,24725],{},[138,24718,24719,22082,24722,24724],{},[15,24720,24721],{},"data.keys()",[15,24723,17124],{}," object",[138,24726,24727,24730],{},[15,24728,24729],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24732,9271,24733,292],{},[285,24734,24735],{"href":9506},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[130,24737,5552],{"id":5551},[20,24739,2293],{},[28,24741,24743],{"className":30,"code":24742,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24744,24745],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24746,24747,24749,24751,24753],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24748,11565],{"class":43},[37,24750,292],{"class":51},[37,24752,17033],{"class":102},[37,24754,8761],{"class":51},[20,24756,21907],{},[135,24758,24759,24762,24765],{},[138,24760,24761],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[138,24763,24764],{},"It takes no parameters",[138,24766,24767],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24769,16765],{},[28,24771,24773],{"className":30,"code":24772,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24774,24775,24799],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24776,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24778,12976],{"class":43},[37,24780,48],{"class":47},[37,24782,10605],{"class":51},[37,24784,56],{"class":55},[37,24786,7790],{"class":59},[37,24788,56],{"class":55},[37,24790,3013],{"class":51},[37,24792,68],{"class":55},[37,24794,1646],{"class":59},[37,24796,56],{"class":55},[37,24798,9424],{"class":51},[37,24800,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24802,92],{"class":91},[37,24804,95],{"class":51},[37,24806,13735],{"class":102},[37,24808,292],{"class":51},[37,24810,17033],{"class":102},[37,24812,7315],{"class":51},[20,24814,24815],{},"Incorrect:",[28,24817,24819],{"className":30,"code":24818,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24820,24821,24845],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24824,12976],{"class":43},[37,24826,48],{"class":47},[37,24828,10605],{"class":51},[37,24830,56],{"class":55},[37,24832,7790],{"class":59},[37,24834,56],{"class":55},[37,24836,3013],{"class":51},[37,24838,68],{"class":55},[37,24840,1646],{"class":59},[37,24842,56],{"class":55},[37,24844,9424],{"class":51},[37,24846,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24858],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24848,92],{"class":91},[37,24850,95],{"class":51},[37,24852,13735],{"class":102},[37,24854,292],{"class":51},[37,24856,17033],{"class":24857},"skxfh",[37,24859,85],{"class":51},[20,24861,24862],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[130,24864,17528],{"id":17527},[20,24866,24867,22082,24869,24871],{},[15,24868,17174],{},[15,24870,17124],{}," object.",[20,24873,24874],{},"This object:",[135,24876,24877,24880,24883,24889],{},[138,24878,24879],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[138,24881,24882],{},"can be used in a loop",[138,24884,24885,24886],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24887,24888],{},"list()",[138,24890,24891],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24893,197],{},[28,24895,24897],{"className":30,"code":24896,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24898,24899,24940,24944,24959,24963,24973],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24900,24901,24904,24906,24908,24910,24913,24915,24917,24919,24922,24924,24926,24928,24931,24933,24935,24938],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24902,24903],{"class":43},"car ",[37,24905,48],{"class":47},[37,24907,10605],{"class":51},[37,24909,56],{"class":55},[37,24911,24912],{"class":59},"brand",[37,24914,56],{"class":55},[37,24916,3013],{"class":51},[37,24918,68],{"class":55},[37,24920,24921],{"class":59},"Toyota",[37,24923,56],{"class":55},[37,24925,65],{"class":51},[37,24927,68],{"class":55},[37,24929,24930],{"class":59},"year",[37,24932,56],{"class":55},[37,24934,3013],{"class":51},[37,24936,24937],{"class":122}," 2020",[37,24939,9424],{"class":51},[37,24941,24942],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,24943,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,24945,24946,24948,24950,24953,24955,24957],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,24947,2362],{"class":43},[37,24949,48],{"class":47},[37,24951,24952],{"class":43}," car",[37,24954,292],{"class":51},[37,24956,17033],{"class":102},[37,24958,8761],{"class":51},[37,24960,24961],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,24962,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,24964,24965,24967,24969,24971],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,24966,92],{"class":91},[37,24968,95],{"class":51},[37,24970,2397],{"class":102},[37,24972,85],{"class":51},[37,24974,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,24976,92],{"class":91},[37,24978,95],{"class":51},[37,24980,757],{"class":756},[37,24982,95],{"class":51},[37,24984,2397],{"class":102},[37,24986,106],{"class":51},[20,24988,24989],{},[110,24990,112],{},[28,24992,24994],{"className":30,"code":24993,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24995,24996,25018],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,24997,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,24999,17124],{"class":102},[37,25001,3115],{"class":51},[37,25003,821],{"class":55},[37,25005,24912],{"class":59},[37,25007,821],{"class":55},[37,25009,65],{"class":51},[37,25011,815],{"class":55},[37,25013,24930],{"class":59},[37,25015,821],{"class":55},[37,25017,530],{"class":51},[37,25019,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25021,808],{"class":47},[37,25023,812],{"class":811},[37,25025,815],{"class":55},[37,25027,17124],{"class":59},[37,25029,821],{"class":55},[37,25031,824],{"class":47},[20,25033,25034,25035,25039,25040,292],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[285,25036,10852,25037,10856],{"href":17177},[15,25038,17180],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[285,25041,10852,25042,10856],{"href":17184},[15,25043,17187],{},[130,25045,25047],{"id":25046},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25049,25050],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[28,25052,25054],{"className":30,"code":25053,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25055,25056,25109,25113,25129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25057,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25105,25107],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25059,12976],{"class":43},[37,25061,48],{"class":47},[37,25063,10605],{"class":51},[37,25065,56],{"class":55},[37,25067,7790],{"class":59},[37,25069,56],{"class":55},[37,25071,3013],{"class":51},[37,25073,68],{"class":55},[37,25075,1646],{"class":59},[37,25077,56],{"class":55},[37,25079,65],{"class":51},[37,25081,68],{"class":55},[37,25083,9415],{"class":59},[37,25085,56],{"class":55},[37,25087,3013],{"class":51},[37,25089,219],{"class":122},[37,25091,65],{"class":51},[37,25093,68],{"class":55},[37,25095,15437],{"class":59},[37,25097,56],{"class":55},[37,25099,3013],{"class":51},[37,25101,68],{"class":55},[37,25103,25104],{"class":59},"Math",[37,25106,56],{"class":55},[37,25108,9424],{"class":51},[37,25110,25111],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25112,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,25114,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25116,1767],{"class":1483},[37,25118,18316],{"class":43},[37,25120,1773],{"class":1483},[37,25122,13018],{"class":43},[37,25124,292],{"class":51},[37,25126,17033],{"class":102},[37,25128,21702],{"class":51},[37,25130,25131,25133,25135,25137],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,25132,1506],{"class":91},[37,25134,95],{"class":51},[37,25136,14951],{"class":102},[37,25138,85],{"class":51},[20,25140,25141],{},[110,25142,112],{},[28,25144,25146],{"className":30,"code":25145,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25147,25148,25153,25158],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25149,25150],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25151,25152],{"class":43},"name\n",[37,25154,25155],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25156,25157],{"class":43},"age\n",[37,25159,25160],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25161,25162],{"class":43},"course\n",[20,25164,25165],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[28,25167,25169],{"className":30,"code":25168,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25170,25171,25183],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25172,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25174,1767],{"class":1483},[37,25176,18316],{"class":43},[37,25178,1773],{"class":1483},[37,25180,13018],{"class":43},[37,25182,1501],{"class":51},[37,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25186,1506],{"class":91},[37,25188,95],{"class":51},[37,25190,14951],{"class":102},[37,25192,85],{"class":51},[20,25194,25195,25196,25199],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25197,25198],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[130,25201,5080,25203],{"id":25202},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25204,17174],{},[20,25206,22,25207,10716],{},[15,25208,17174],{},[135,25210,25211,25214,25217],{},[138,25212,25213],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[138,25215,25216],{},"you want to display available fields",[138,25218,25219],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25221,197],{},[28,25223,25225],{"className":30,"code":25224,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25226,25227,25280,25284,25299,25316],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25228,25229,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25249,25251,25253,25255,25258,25260,25262,25265,25267,25269,25272,25274,25276,25278],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25230,25231],{"class":43},"product ",[37,25233,48],{"class":47},[37,25235,10605],{"class":51},[37,25237,56],{"class":55},[37,25239,7790],{"class":59},[37,25241,56],{"class":55},[37,25243,3013],{"class":51},[37,25245,68],{"class":55},[37,25247,25248],{"class":59},"Book",[37,25250,56],{"class":55},[37,25252,65],{"class":51},[37,25254,68],{"class":55},[37,25256,25257],{"class":59},"price",[37,25259,56],{"class":55},[37,25261,3013],{"class":51},[37,25263,25264],{"class":122}," 12.99",[37,25266,65],{"class":51},[37,25268,68],{"class":55},[37,25270,25271],{"class":59},"stock",[37,25273,56],{"class":55},[37,25275,3013],{"class":51},[37,25277,527],{"class":122},[37,25279,9424],{"class":51},[37,25281,25282],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25283,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,25285,25286,25288,25290,25292,25295,25297],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25287,92],{"class":91},[37,25289,95],{"class":51},[37,25291,56],{"class":55},[37,25293,25294],{"class":59},"Available fields:",[37,25296,56],{"class":55},[37,25298,85],{"class":51},[37,25300,25301,25303,25305,25307,25310,25312,25314],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,25302,1767],{"class":1483},[37,25304,18316],{"class":43},[37,25306,1773],{"class":1483},[37,25308,25309],{"class":43}," product",[37,25311,292],{"class":51},[37,25313,17033],{"class":102},[37,25315,21702],{"class":51},[37,25317,25318,25320,25322,25324],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,25319,1506],{"class":91},[37,25321,95],{"class":51},[37,25323,14951],{"class":102},[37,25325,85],{"class":51},[20,25327,25328],{},[110,25329,112],{},[28,25331,25333],{"className":30,"code":25332,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25334,25335,25342,25346,25351],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25336,25337,25340],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25338,25339],{"class":43},"Available fields",[37,25341,1501],{"class":51},[37,25343,25344],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25345,25152],{"class":43},[37,25347,25348],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25349,25350],{"class":43},"price\n",[37,25352,25353],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,25354,25355],{"class":43},"stock\n",[20,25357,25358],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[28,25360,25362],{"className":30,"code":25361,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25363,25364,25400,25404],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25365,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25367,25231],{"class":43},[37,25369,48],{"class":47},[37,25371,10605],{"class":51},[37,25373,56],{"class":55},[37,25375,7790],{"class":59},[37,25377,56],{"class":55},[37,25379,3013],{"class":51},[37,25381,68],{"class":55},[37,25383,25248],{"class":59},[37,25385,56],{"class":55},[37,25387,65],{"class":51},[37,25389,68],{"class":55},[37,25391,25257],{"class":59},[37,25393,56],{"class":55},[37,25395,3013],{"class":51},[37,25397,25264],{"class":122},[37,25399,9424],{"class":51},[37,25401,25402],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25403,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,25405,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25407,92],{"class":91},[37,25409,95],{"class":51},[37,25411,56],{"class":55},[37,25413,7790],{"class":59},[37,25415,56],{"class":55},[37,25417,21280],{"class":1483},[37,25419,25309],{"class":102},[37,25421,292],{"class":51},[37,25423,17033],{"class":102},[37,25425,7315],{"class":51},[20,25427,25428,25429,292],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25430,3729],{},[20,25432,25433],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[28,25435,25437],{"className":30,"code":25436,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25438,25439],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25440,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25442,92],{"class":91},[37,25444,95],{"class":51},[37,25446,56],{"class":55},[37,25448,7790],{"class":59},[37,25450,56],{"class":55},[37,25452,21280],{"class":1483},[37,25454,25309],{"class":102},[37,25456,85],{"class":51},[20,25458,25459,25460,292],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[285,25461,21313],{"href":17262},[130,25463,25465],{"id":25464},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25467,25468,25469,292],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25470,17174],{},[307,25472,1880,25474,25476],{"id":25473},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25475,17174],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25478,25479,25481],{},[15,25480,17174],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25483,197],{},[28,25485,25487],{"className":30,"code":25486,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25488,25489,25525],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25490,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25492,494],{"class":43},[37,25494,48],{"class":47},[37,25496,10605],{"class":51},[37,25498,56],{"class":55},[37,25500,7790],{"class":59},[37,25502,56],{"class":55},[37,25504,3013],{"class":51},[37,25506,68],{"class":55},[37,25508,1646],{"class":59},[37,25510,56],{"class":55},[37,25512,65],{"class":51},[37,25514,68],{"class":55},[37,25516,9415],{"class":59},[37,25518,56],{"class":55},[37,25520,3013],{"class":51},[37,25522,219],{"class":122},[37,25524,9424],{"class":51},[37,25526,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25528,92],{"class":91},[37,25530,95],{"class":51},[37,25532,543],{"class":102},[37,25534,292],{"class":51},[37,25536,17033],{"class":102},[37,25538,7315],{"class":51},[20,25540,25541],{},[110,25542,112],{},[28,25544,25546],{"className":30,"code":25545,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25547,25548],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25549,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25551,17124],{"class":102},[37,25553,3115],{"class":51},[37,25555,821],{"class":55},[37,25557,7790],{"class":59},[37,25559,821],{"class":55},[37,25561,65],{"class":51},[37,25563,815],{"class":55},[37,25565,9415],{"class":59},[37,25567,821],{"class":55},[37,25569,530],{"class":51},[20,25571,25572,25573,292],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[285,25574,25575],{"href":17184},[15,25576,17187],{},[307,25578,25580,25581],{"id":25579},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25582,17124],{},[20,25584,25585],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[28,25587,25589],{"className":30,"code":25588,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25590,25591],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25592,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25594,1067],{"class":51},[37,25596,821],{"class":55},[37,25598,7790],{"class":59},[37,25600,821],{"class":55},[37,25602,65],{"class":51},[37,25604,815],{"class":55},[37,25606,9415],{"class":59},[37,25608,821],{"class":55},[37,25610,3760],{"class":51},[20,25612,25613,25614,25616],{},"But ",[15,25615,17174],{}," returns:",[28,25618,25619],{"className":30,"code":25545,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,25620,25621],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25622,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25624,17124],{"class":102},[37,25626,3115],{"class":51},[37,25628,821],{"class":55},[37,25630,7790],{"class":59},[37,25632,821],{"class":55},[37,25634,65],{"class":51},[37,25636,815],{"class":55},[37,25638,9415],{"class":59},[37,25640,821],{"class":55},[37,25642,530],{"class":51},[20,25644,25645],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[28,25647,25649],{"className":30,"code":25648,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25650,25651,25687,25706,25710],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25652,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25654,494],{"class":43},[37,25656,48],{"class":47},[37,25658,10605],{"class":51},[37,25660,56],{"class":55},[37,25662,7790],{"class":59},[37,25664,56],{"class":55},[37,25666,3013],{"class":51},[37,25668,68],{"class":55},[37,25670,1646],{"class":59},[37,25672,56],{"class":55},[37,25674,65],{"class":51},[37,25676,68],{"class":55},[37,25678,9415],{"class":59},[37,25680,56],{"class":55},[37,25682,3013],{"class":51},[37,25684,219],{"class":122},[37,25686,9424],{"class":51},[37,25688,25689,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25690,25691],{"class":43},"key_list ",[37,25693,48],{"class":47},[37,25695,22666],{"class":756},[37,25697,95],{"class":51},[37,25699,543],{"class":102},[37,25701,292],{"class":51},[37,25703,17033],{"class":102},[37,25705,7315],{"class":51},[37,25707,25708],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25709,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,25711,25712,25714,25716,25719],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,25713,92],{"class":91},[37,25715,95],{"class":51},[37,25717,25718],{"class":102},"key_list",[37,25720,85],{"class":51},[307,25722,25724,25725,25727],{"id":25723},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25726,17174],{}," on a list or string",[20,25729,25730,25732],{},[15,25731,17174],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25734,2964],{},[28,25736,25738],{"className":30,"code":25737,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25739,25740,25760],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25741,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25743,207],{"class":43},[37,25745,48],{"class":47},[37,25747,519],{"class":51},[37,25749,501],{"class":122},[37,25751,65],{"class":51},[37,25753,890],{"class":122},[37,25755,65],{"class":51},[37,25757,513],{"class":122},[37,25759,3760],{"class":51},[37,25761,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25763,92],{"class":91},[37,25765,95],{"class":51},[37,25767,246],{"class":102},[37,25769,292],{"class":51},[37,25771,17033],{"class":102},[37,25773,7315],{"class":51},[20,25775,25776,25777,25780,25781,25783,25784,292],{},"You may get an ",[15,25778,25779],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25782,17174],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[285,25785,25787,25788,25791],{"href":25786},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25789,25790],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[307,25793,25795],{"id":25794},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25797,1184],{},[28,25799,25801],{"className":30,"code":25800,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25802,25803,25827],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25804,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25806,494],{"class":43},[37,25808,48],{"class":47},[37,25810,10605],{"class":51},[37,25812,56],{"class":55},[37,25814,7790],{"class":59},[37,25816,56],{"class":55},[37,25818,3013],{"class":51},[37,25820,68],{"class":55},[37,25822,1646],{"class":59},[37,25824,56],{"class":55},[37,25826,9424],{"class":51},[37,25828,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25830,92],{"class":91},[37,25832,95],{"class":51},[37,25834,543],{"class":102},[37,25836,292],{"class":51},[37,25838,17033],{"class":24857},[37,25840,85],{"class":51},[20,25842,25843],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25845,18802],{},[28,25847,25849],{"className":30,"code":25848,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25850,25851],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25852,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25854,92],{"class":91},[37,25856,95],{"class":51},[37,25858,543],{"class":102},[37,25860,292],{"class":51},[37,25862,17033],{"class":102},[37,25864,7315],{"class":51},[130,25866,1854],{"id":1853},[20,25868,25869,25870,3013],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25871,17174],{},[135,25873,25874,25879,25885,25891],{},[138,25875,1872,25876,25878],{},[15,25877,17174],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[138,25880,25881,25882,25884],{},"Thinking ",[15,25883,17174],{}," returns values too",[138,25886,25887,25888,25890],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25889,17124],{}," like a normal list",[138,25892,25893,25894,25896],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25895,17124],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25898,25899],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[28,25901,25903],{"className":30,"code":25902,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25904,25905,25937,25951,25955,25965],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25906,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25908,494],{"class":43},[37,25910,48],{"class":47},[37,25912,10605],{"class":51},[37,25914,56],{"class":55},[37,25916,285],{"class":59},[37,25918,56],{"class":55},[37,25920,3013],{"class":51},[37,25922,5619],{"class":122},[37,25924,65],{"class":51},[37,25926,68],{"class":55},[37,25928,777],{"class":59},[37,25930,56],{"class":55},[37,25932,3013],{"class":51},[37,25934,890],{"class":122},[37,25936,9424],{"class":51},[37,25938,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,25940,17351],{"class":43},[37,25942,48],{"class":47},[37,25944,14676],{"class":43},[37,25946,292],{"class":51},[37,25948,17033],{"class":102},[37,25950,8761],{"class":51},[37,25952,25953],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,25954,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,25956,25957,25959,25961,25963],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,25958,92],{"class":91},[37,25960,95],{"class":51},[37,25962,17033],{"class":102},[37,25964,85],{"class":51},[37,25966,25967],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,25968,25969],{"class":3788},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25971,25972],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[28,25974,25976],{"className":30,"code":25975,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25977,25978,26010,26028,26032],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,25979,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,25981,494],{"class":43},[37,25983,48],{"class":47},[37,25985,10605],{"class":51},[37,25987,56],{"class":55},[37,25989,285],{"class":59},[37,25991,56],{"class":55},[37,25993,3013],{"class":51},[37,25995,5619],{"class":122},[37,25997,65],{"class":51},[37,25999,68],{"class":55},[37,26001,777],{"class":59},[37,26003,56],{"class":55},[37,26005,3013],{"class":51},[37,26007,890],{"class":122},[37,26009,9424],{"class":51},[37,26011,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26013,17351],{"class":43},[37,26015,48],{"class":47},[37,26017,22666],{"class":756},[37,26019,95],{"class":51},[37,26021,543],{"class":102},[37,26023,292],{"class":51},[37,26025,17033],{"class":102},[37,26027,7315],{"class":51},[37,26029,26030],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,26031,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26033,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,26035,92],{"class":91},[37,26037,95],{"class":51},[37,26039,17033],{"class":102},[37,26041,1067],{"class":51},[37,26043,1070],{"class":122},[37,26045,530],{"class":51},[130,26047,26049],{"id":26048},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26051,11228],{},[28,26053,26055],{"className":30,"code":26054,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26056,26057,26071,26081,26095],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26060,92],{"class":91},[37,26062,95],{"class":51},[37,26064,757],{"class":756},[37,26066,95],{"class":51},[37,26068,11565],{"class":102},[37,26070,106],{"class":51},[37,26072,26073,26075,26077,26079],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26074,92],{"class":91},[37,26076,95],{"class":51},[37,26078,11565],{"class":102},[37,26080,85],{"class":51},[37,26082,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,26084,92],{"class":91},[37,26086,95],{"class":51},[37,26088,11565],{"class":102},[37,26090,292],{"class":51},[37,26092,17033],{"class":102},[37,26094,7315],{"class":51},[37,26096,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,26098,92],{"class":91},[37,26100,95],{"class":51},[37,26102,8213],{"class":756},[37,26104,95],{"class":51},[37,26106,11565],{"class":102},[37,26108,292],{"class":51},[37,26110,17033],{"class":102},[37,26112,6411],{"class":51},[20,26114,26115],{},"These help you confirm:",[135,26117,26118,26121,26124,26128],{},[138,26119,26120],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[138,26122,26123],{},"what data it contains",[138,26125,1957,26126,149],{},[15,26127,17174],{},[138,26129,26130],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[130,26132,1969],{"id":1968},[307,26134,24025,26136,5265],{"id":26135},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26137,17174],{},[20,26139,17531,26140,26142],{},[15,26141,17124],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[307,26144,15013,26146,26149],{"id":26145},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26147,26148],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26151,26152,26153,26155,26156,292],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26154,17124],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26157,26158],{},"list(dict.keys())",[307,26160,26162,26163,2623],{"id":26161},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26164,26148],{},[20,26166,26167,26168,26170],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26169,1767],{}," loop.",[307,26172,26174,26175,26177],{"id":26173},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26176,17174],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26179,26180,26181,26183],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26182,17174],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[307,26185,26187],{"id":26186},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26189,22,26190,292],{},[15,26191,26192],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[130,26194,2025],{"id":2024},[135,26196,26197,26202,26208,26214,26220,26224],{},[138,26198,26199],{},[285,26200,26201],{"href":9506},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[138,26203,26204],{},[285,26205,10852,26206,10856],{"href":17177},[15,26207,17180],{},[138,26209,26210],{},[285,26211,10852,26212,10856],{"href":17184},[15,26213,17187],{},[138,26215,26216],{},[285,26217,26219],{"href":26218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[138,26221,26222],{},[285,26223,17263],{"href":17262},[138,26225,26226],{},[285,26227,26228,26229,25791],{"href":25786},"How to fix ",[15,26230,25790],{},[2052,26232,26233],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":26235},[26236,26237,26239,26240,26241,26242,26243,26245,26254,26255,26256,26267],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":24356,"depth":88,"text":26238},"What keys() does",{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":5551,"depth":88,"text":5552},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":25046,"depth":88,"text":25047},{"id":25202,"depth":88,"text":26244},"When to use keys()",{"id":25464,"depth":88,"text":25465,"children":26246},[26247,26249,26251,26253],{"id":25473,"depth":251,"text":26248},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25579,"depth":251,"text":26250},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25723,"depth":251,"text":26252},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25794,"depth":251,"text":25795},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":26048,"depth":88,"text":26049},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":26257},[26258,26260,26262,26264,26266],{"id":26135,"depth":251,"text":26259},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26145,"depth":251,"text":26261},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26161,"depth":251,"text":26263},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26173,"depth":251,"text":26265},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26186,"depth":251,"text":26187},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24178,"description":26268},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26274,"title":26275,"body":26276,"description":28549,"extension":2099,"meta":28550,"navigation":254,"path":28551,"seo":28552,"stem":28553,"__hash__":28554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26277,"toc":28502},[26278,26283,26288,26291,26293,26439,26452,26457,26461,26475,26477,26580,26589,26591,26594,26632,26657,26659,26766,26768,26775,26778,26786,26788,26929,26937,26942,26946,26957,26959,27121,27124,27132,27139,27145,27242,27248,27325,27328,27340,27345,27351,27354,27358,27447,27450,27454,27558,27565,27652,27661,27663,27668,27674,27677,27723,27726,27792,27801,27807,27900,27906,27912,27955,27958,28023,28029,28121,28124,28128,28134,28159,28162,28258,28265,28267,28272,28363,28365,28393,28398,28400,28407,28410,28414,28424,28429,28432,28439,28449,28456,28464,28466,28499],[10,26279,11433,26281,11437],{"id":26280},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26282,12875],{},[20,26284,26285,26287],{},[15,26286,12682],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26289,26290],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[130,26292,3734],{"id":3733},[28,26294,26296],{"className":30,"code":26295,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26297,26298,26334,26358,26372,26385,26389,26394,26426],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26299,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26301,13314],{"class":43},[37,26303,48],{"class":47},[37,26305,10605],{"class":51},[37,26307,56],{"class":55},[37,26309,7790],{"class":59},[37,26311,56],{"class":55},[37,26313,3013],{"class":51},[37,26315,68],{"class":55},[37,26317,1646],{"class":59},[37,26319,56],{"class":55},[37,26321,65],{"class":51},[37,26323,68],{"class":55},[37,26325,9415],{"class":59},[37,26327,56],{"class":55},[37,26329,3013],{"class":51},[37,26331,1653],{"class":122},[37,26333,9424],{"class":51},[37,26335,26336,26339,26341,26343,26345,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26337,26338],{"class":43},"removed_age ",[37,26340,48],{"class":47},[37,26342,13357],{"class":43},[37,26344,292],{"class":51},[37,26346,26347],{"class":102},"pop",[37,26349,95],{"class":51},[37,26351,56],{"class":55},[37,26353,9415],{"class":59},[37,26355,56],{"class":55},[37,26357,85],{"class":51},[37,26359,26360,26362,26364,26367,26369],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,26361,92],{"class":91},[37,26363,95],{"class":51},[37,26365,26366],{"class":102},"removed_age",[37,26368,18],{"class":51},[37,26370,26371],{"class":3788},"   # 25\n",[37,26373,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,26375,92],{"class":91},[37,26377,95],{"class":51},[37,26379,17416],{"class":102},[37,26381,18],{"class":51},[37,26383,26384],{"class":3788},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[37,26386,26387],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,26388,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26390,26391],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,26392,26393],{"class":3788},"# Safe version with default value\n",[37,26395,26396,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26422,26424],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,26397,26398],{"class":43},"country ",[37,26400,48],{"class":47},[37,26402,13357],{"class":43},[37,26404,292],{"class":51},[37,26406,26347],{"class":102},[37,26408,95],{"class":51},[37,26410,56],{"class":55},[37,26412,15370],{"class":59},[37,26414,56],{"class":55},[37,26416,65],{"class":51},[37,26418,68],{"class":55},[37,26420,26421],{"class":59},"Not found",[37,26423,56],{"class":55},[37,26425,85],{"class":51},[37,26427,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,26429,92],{"class":91},[37,26431,95],{"class":51},[37,26433,15370],{"class":102},[37,26435,18],{"class":51},[37,26437,26438],{"class":3788},"       # Not found\n",[20,26440,22,26441,26444,26445,26448,26449,26451],{},[15,26442,26443],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26446,26447],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26450,19795],{}," when the key might not exist.",[130,26453,296,26455,3805],{"id":26454},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26456,12682],{},[20,26458,26459,3013],{},[15,26460,12682],{},[135,26462,26463,26466,26469,26472],{},[138,26464,26465],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[138,26467,26468],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[138,26470,26471],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[138,26473,26474],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26476,197],{},[28,26478,26480],{"className":30,"code":26479,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26481,26482,26522,26526,26549,26553,26567],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26483,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26485,1637],{"class":43},[37,26487,48],{"class":47},[37,26489,10605],{"class":51},[37,26491,56],{"class":55},[37,26493,7790],{"class":59},[37,26495,56],{"class":55},[37,26497,3013],{"class":51},[37,26499,68],{"class":55},[37,26501,13331],{"class":59},[37,26503,56],{"class":55},[37,26505,65],{"class":51},[37,26507,68],{"class":55},[37,26509,10523],{"class":59},[37,26511,56],{"class":55},[37,26513,3013],{"class":51},[37,26515,68],{"class":55},[37,26517,10530],{"class":59},[37,26519,56],{"class":55},[37,26521,9424],{"class":51},[37,26523,26524],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26525,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26527,26528,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,26529,26530],{"class":43},"removed_city ",[37,26532,48],{"class":47},[37,26534,11685],{"class":43},[37,26536,292],{"class":51},[37,26538,26347],{"class":102},[37,26540,95],{"class":51},[37,26542,56],{"class":55},[37,26544,10523],{"class":59},[37,26546,56],{"class":55},[37,26548,85],{"class":51},[37,26550,26551],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,26552,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26554,26555,26557,26559,26562,26564],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,26556,92],{"class":91},[37,26558,95],{"class":51},[37,26560,26561],{"class":102},"removed_city",[37,26563,18],{"class":51},[37,26565,26566],{"class":3788},"  # Paris\n",[37,26568,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,26570,92],{"class":91},[37,26572,95],{"class":51},[37,26574,1679],{"class":102},[37,26576,18],{"class":51},[37,26578,26579],{"class":3788},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26581,1088,26582,26585,26586,292],{},[15,26583,26584],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26587,26588],{},"\"Paris\"",[130,26590,159],{"id":158},[20,26592,26593],{},"There are two common forms:",[28,26595,26597],{"className":30,"code":26596,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26598,26599,26613],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26600,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26602,11565],{"class":43},[37,26604,292],{"class":51},[37,26606,26347],{"class":102},[37,26608,95],{"class":51},[37,26610,14951],{"class":102},[37,26612,85],{"class":51},[37,26614,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26630],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26616,11565],{"class":43},[37,26618,292],{"class":51},[37,26620,26347],{"class":102},[37,26622,95],{"class":51},[37,26624,14951],{"class":102},[37,26626,65],{"class":51},[37,26628,26629],{"class":102}," default",[37,26631,85],{"class":51},[135,26633,26634,26640,26648,26654],{},[138,26635,26636,26639],{},[15,26637,26638],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[138,26641,26642,26644,26645,26647],{},[15,26643,26638],{}," raises ",[15,26646,19795],{}," if the key is missing",[138,26649,26650,26653],{},[15,26651,26652],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[138,26655,26656],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26658,197],{},[28,26660,26662],{"className":30,"code":26661,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26663,26664,26696,26700,26725,26753],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26665,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26667,5183],{"class":43},[37,26669,48],{"class":47},[37,26671,10605],{"class":51},[37,26673,56],{"class":55},[37,26675,18524],{"class":59},[37,26677,56],{"class":55},[37,26679,3013],{"class":51},[37,26681,20006],{"class":122},[37,26683,65],{"class":51},[37,26685,68],{"class":55},[37,26687,18533],{"class":59},[37,26689,56],{"class":55},[37,26691,3013],{"class":51},[37,26693,13616],{"class":122},[37,26695,9424],{"class":51},[37,26697,26698],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26699,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26701,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,26703,92],{"class":91},[37,26705,95],{"class":51},[37,26707,16498],{"class":102},[37,26709,292],{"class":51},[37,26711,26347],{"class":102},[37,26713,95],{"class":51},[37,26715,56],{"class":55},[37,26717,18524],{"class":59},[37,26719,56],{"class":55},[37,26721,5482],{"class":51},[37,26723,26724],{"class":3788},"         # 90\n",[37,26726,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,26728,92],{"class":91},[37,26730,95],{"class":51},[37,26732,16498],{"class":102},[37,26734,292],{"class":51},[37,26736,26347],{"class":102},[37,26738,95],{"class":51},[37,26740,56],{"class":55},[37,26742,18542],{"class":59},[37,26744,56],{"class":55},[37,26746,65],{"class":51},[37,26748,1498],{"class":122},[37,26750,5482],{"class":51},[37,26752,20875],{"class":3788},[37,26754,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,26756,92],{"class":91},[37,26758,95],{"class":51},[37,26760,16498],{"class":102},[37,26762,18],{"class":51},[37,26764,26765],{"class":3788},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[130,26767,17528],{"id":17527},[20,26769,26770,14163,26772,26774],{},[15,26771,12875],{},[110,26773,711],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26776,26777],{},"Instead, it returns:",[135,26779,26780,26783],{},[138,26781,26782],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[138,26784,26785],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26787,197],{},[28,26789,26791],{"className":30,"code":26790,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26792,26793,26825,26829,26852,26884,26888,26902,26916],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26794,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26796,494],{"class":43},[37,26798,48],{"class":47},[37,26800,10605],{"class":51},[37,26802,56],{"class":55},[37,26804,285],{"class":59},[37,26806,56],{"class":55},[37,26808,3013],{"class":51},[37,26810,6125],{"class":122},[37,26812,65],{"class":51},[37,26814,68],{"class":55},[37,26816,777],{"class":59},[37,26818,56],{"class":55},[37,26820,3013],{"class":51},[37,26822,219],{"class":122},[37,26824,9424],{"class":51},[37,26826,26827],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,26828,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26830,26831,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,26832,26833],{"class":43},"result1 ",[37,26835,48],{"class":47},[37,26837,14676],{"class":43},[37,26839,292],{"class":51},[37,26841,26347],{"class":102},[37,26843,95],{"class":51},[37,26845,56],{"class":55},[37,26847,285],{"class":59},[37,26849,56],{"class":55},[37,26851,85],{"class":51},[37,26853,26854,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26880,26882],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,26855,26856],{"class":43},"result2 ",[37,26858,48],{"class":47},[37,26860,14676],{"class":43},[37,26862,292],{"class":51},[37,26864,26347],{"class":102},[37,26866,95],{"class":51},[37,26868,56],{"class":55},[37,26870,1754],{"class":59},[37,26872,56],{"class":55},[37,26874,65],{"class":51},[37,26876,68],{"class":55},[37,26878,26879],{"class":59},"missing",[37,26881,56],{"class":55},[37,26883,85],{"class":51},[37,26885,26886],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,26887,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,26889,26890,26892,26894,26897,26899],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,26891,92],{"class":91},[37,26893,95],{"class":51},[37,26895,26896],{"class":102},"result1",[37,26898,18],{"class":51},[37,26900,26901],{"class":3788},"  # 10\n",[37,26903,26904,26906,26908,26911,26913],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,26905,92],{"class":91},[37,26907,95],{"class":51},[37,26909,26910],{"class":102},"result2",[37,26912,18],{"class":51},[37,26914,26915],{"class":3788},"  # missing\n",[37,26917,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,26919,92],{"class":91},[37,26921,95],{"class":51},[37,26923,543],{"class":102},[37,26925,18],{"class":51},[37,26927,26928],{"class":3788},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26930,26931,26932,6752],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[285,26933,26934],{"href":10851},[15,26935,26936],{},"dict.get()",[130,26938,5080,26940],{"id":26939},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26941,12875],{},[20,26943,22,26944,10716],{},[15,26945,12875],{},[135,26947,26948,26951,26954],{},[138,26949,26950],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[138,26952,26953],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[138,26955,26956],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26958,197],{},[28,26960,26962],{"className":30,"code":26961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26963,26964,27016,27020,27047,27051,27075,27079,27093,27107],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,26965,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,27000,27002,27004,27007,27009,27011,27014],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,26967,25231],{"class":43},[37,26969,48],{"class":47},[37,26971,10605],{"class":51},[37,26973,56],{"class":55},[37,26975,7790],{"class":59},[37,26977,56],{"class":55},[37,26979,3013],{"class":51},[37,26981,68],{"class":55},[37,26983,26984],{"class":59},"Laptop",[37,26986,56],{"class":55},[37,26988,65],{"class":51},[37,26990,68],{"class":55},[37,26992,25257],{"class":59},[37,26994,56],{"class":55},[37,26996,3013],{"class":51},[37,26998,26999],{"class":122}," 1200",[37,27001,65],{"class":51},[37,27003,68],{"class":55},[37,27005,27006],{"class":59},"discount",[37,27008,56],{"class":55},[37,27010,3013],{"class":51},[37,27012,27013],{"class":122}," 200",[37,27015,9424],{"class":51},[37,27017,27018],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27019,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27021,27022,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27023,27024],{"class":43},"discount_amount ",[37,27026,48],{"class":47},[37,27028,25309],{"class":43},[37,27030,292],{"class":51},[37,27032,26347],{"class":102},[37,27034,95],{"class":51},[37,27036,56],{"class":55},[37,27038,27006],{"class":59},[37,27040,56],{"class":55},[37,27042,65],{"class":51},[37,27044,1498],{"class":122},[37,27046,85],{"class":51},[37,27048,27049],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27050,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27052,27053,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27054,27055],{"class":43},"final_price ",[37,27057,48],{"class":47},[37,27059,25309],{"class":43},[37,27061,1067],{"class":51},[37,27063,56],{"class":55},[37,27065,25257],{"class":59},[37,27067,56],{"class":55},[37,27069,13383],{"class":51},[37,27071,2354],{"class":47},[37,27073,27074],{"class":43}," discount_amount\n",[37,27076,27077],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,27078,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27080,27081,27083,27085,27088,27090],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,27082,92],{"class":91},[37,27084,95],{"class":51},[37,27086,27087],{"class":102},"discount_amount",[37,27089,18],{"class":51},[37,27091,27092],{"class":3788},"  # 200\n",[37,27094,27095,27097,27099,27102,27104],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,27096,92],{"class":91},[37,27098,95],{"class":51},[37,27100,27101],{"class":102},"final_price",[37,27103,18],{"class":51},[37,27105,27106],{"class":3788},"      # 1000\n",[37,27108,27109,27111,27113,27116,27118],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,27110,92],{"class":91},[37,27112,95],{"class":51},[37,27114,27115],{"class":102},"product",[37,27117,18],{"class":51},[37,27119,27120],{"class":3788},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27122,27123],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[130,27125,27127,10700,27129],{"id":27126},"pop-vs-del",[15,27128,12875],{},[15,27130,27131],{},"del",[20,27133,10705,27134,851,27136,27138],{},[15,27135,12875],{},[15,27137,27131],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[307,27140,22,27142,27144],{"id":27141},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27143,12875],{}," when you need the removed value",[28,27146,27148],{"className":30,"code":27147,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27149,27150,27186,27190,27212,27216,27229],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27151,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27153,13314],{"class":43},[37,27155,48],{"class":47},[37,27157,10605],{"class":51},[37,27159,56],{"class":55},[37,27161,7790],{"class":59},[37,27163,56],{"class":55},[37,27165,3013],{"class":51},[37,27167,68],{"class":55},[37,27169,1646],{"class":59},[37,27171,56],{"class":55},[37,27173,65],{"class":51},[37,27175,68],{"class":55},[37,27177,9415],{"class":59},[37,27179,56],{"class":55},[37,27181,3013],{"class":51},[37,27183,1653],{"class":122},[37,27185,9424],{"class":51},[37,27187,27188],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27189,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27191,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27193,21735],{"class":43},[37,27195,48],{"class":47},[37,27197,13357],{"class":43},[37,27199,292],{"class":51},[37,27201,26347],{"class":102},[37,27203,95],{"class":51},[37,27205,56],{"class":55},[37,27207,9415],{"class":59},[37,27209,56],{"class":55},[37,27211,85],{"class":51},[37,27213,27214],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27215,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27217,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27219,92],{"class":91},[37,27221,95],{"class":51},[37,27223,9415],{"class":102},[37,27225,18],{"class":51},[37,27227,27228],{"class":3788},"     # 25\n",[37,27230,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,27232,92],{"class":91},[37,27234,95],{"class":51},[37,27236,17416],{"class":102},[37,27238,18],{"class":51},[37,27240,27241],{"class":3788},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[307,27243,22,27245,27247],{"id":27244},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27246,27131],{}," when you only want deletion",[28,27249,27251],{"className":30,"code":27250,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27252,27253,27289,27293,27309,27313],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27254,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27256,13314],{"class":43},[37,27258,48],{"class":47},[37,27260,10605],{"class":51},[37,27262,56],{"class":55},[37,27264,7790],{"class":59},[37,27266,56],{"class":55},[37,27268,3013],{"class":51},[37,27270,68],{"class":55},[37,27272,1646],{"class":59},[37,27274,56],{"class":55},[37,27276,65],{"class":51},[37,27278,68],{"class":55},[37,27280,9415],{"class":59},[37,27282,56],{"class":55},[37,27284,3013],{"class":51},[37,27286,1653],{"class":122},[37,27288,9424],{"class":51},[37,27290,27291],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27292,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27294,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27296,27131],{"class":1483},[37,27298,13357],{"class":43},[37,27300,1067],{"class":51},[37,27302,56],{"class":55},[37,27304,9415],{"class":59},[37,27306,56],{"class":55},[37,27308,3760],{"class":51},[37,27310,27311],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27312,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27314,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27316,92],{"class":91},[37,27318,95],{"class":51},[37,27320,17416],{"class":102},[37,27322,18],{"class":51},[37,27324,27241],{"class":3788},[20,27326,27327],{},"Difference:",[135,27329,27330,27335],{},[138,27331,27332,27334],{},[15,27333,12875],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[138,27336,27337,27339],{},[15,27338,27131],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27341,27342,27343,292],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[285,27344,12687],{"href":12686},[130,27346,27348,27349],{"id":27347},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27350,19795],{},[20,27352,27353],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[307,27355,27357],{"id":27356},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[28,27359,27361],{"className":30,"code":27360,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27362,27363,27388,27392,27418,27422,27434],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27364,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27384,27386],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27366,11837],{"class":43},[37,27368,48],{"class":47},[37,27370,10605],{"class":51},[37,27372,56],{"class":55},[37,27374,7790],{"class":59},[37,27376,56],{"class":55},[37,27378,3013],{"class":51},[37,27380,68],{"class":55},[37,27382,27383],{"class":59},"Sara",[37,27385,56],{"class":55},[37,27387,9424],{"class":51},[37,27389,27390],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27391,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27393,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27395,1194],{"class":43},[37,27397,48],{"class":47},[37,27399,11878],{"class":43},[37,27401,292],{"class":51},[37,27403,26347],{"class":102},[37,27405,95],{"class":51},[37,27407,56],{"class":55},[37,27409,9415],{"class":59},[37,27411,56],{"class":55},[37,27413,65],{"class":51},[37,27415,3978],{"class":3977},[37,27417,85],{"class":51},[37,27419,27420],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27421,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27423,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27425,92],{"class":91},[37,27427,95],{"class":51},[37,27429,1215],{"class":102},[37,27431,18],{"class":51},[37,27433,20668],{"class":3788},[37,27435,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,27437,92],{"class":91},[37,27439,95],{"class":51},[37,27441,11565],{"class":102},[37,27443,18],{"class":51},[37,27445,27446],{"class":3788}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27448,27449],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[307,27451,27453],{"id":27452},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[28,27455,27457],{"className":30,"code":27456,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27458,27459,27483,27487,27503,27526,27536,27543],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27460,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27462,11837],{"class":43},[37,27464,48],{"class":47},[37,27466,10605],{"class":51},[37,27468,56],{"class":55},[37,27470,7790],{"class":59},[37,27472,56],{"class":55},[37,27474,3013],{"class":51},[37,27476,68],{"class":55},[37,27478,27383],{"class":59},[37,27480,56],{"class":55},[37,27482,9424],{"class":51},[37,27484,27485],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27486,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27488,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27490,1484],{"class":1483},[37,27492,68],{"class":55},[37,27494,9415],{"class":59},[37,27496,56],{"class":55},[37,27498,21280],{"class":47},[37,27500,11878],{"class":43},[37,27502,1501],{"class":51},[37,27504,27505,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27506,27507],{"class":43},"    value ",[37,27509,48],{"class":47},[37,27511,11878],{"class":43},[37,27513,292],{"class":51},[37,27515,26347],{"class":102},[37,27517,95],{"class":51},[37,27519,56],{"class":55},[37,27521,9415],{"class":59},[37,27523,56],{"class":55},[37,27525,85],{"class":51},[37,27527,27528,27530,27532,27534],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27529,1506],{"class":91},[37,27531,95],{"class":51},[37,27533,1215],{"class":102},[37,27535,85],{"class":51},[37,27537,27538,27541],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,27539,27540],{"class":1483},"else",[37,27542,1501],{"class":51},[37,27544,27545,27547,27549,27551,27554,27556],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,27546,1506],{"class":91},[37,27548,95],{"class":51},[37,27550,56],{"class":55},[37,27552,27553],{"class":59},"Key not found",[37,27555,56],{"class":55},[37,27557,85],{"class":51},[307,27559,27561,27562,27564],{"id":27560},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27563,10855],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[28,27566,27568],{"className":30,"code":27567,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27569,27570,27594,27598,27624,27628,27640],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27571,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27573,11837],{"class":43},[37,27575,48],{"class":47},[37,27577,10605],{"class":51},[37,27579,56],{"class":55},[37,27581,7790],{"class":59},[37,27583,56],{"class":55},[37,27585,3013],{"class":51},[37,27587,68],{"class":55},[37,27589,27383],{"class":59},[37,27591,56],{"class":55},[37,27593,9424],{"class":51},[37,27595,27596],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27597,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27601,1194],{"class":43},[37,27603,48],{"class":47},[37,27605,11878],{"class":43},[37,27607,292],{"class":51},[37,27609,19858],{"class":102},[37,27611,95],{"class":51},[37,27613,56],{"class":55},[37,27615,9415],{"class":59},[37,27617,56],{"class":55},[37,27619,65],{"class":51},[37,27621,3978],{"class":3977},[37,27623,85],{"class":51},[37,27625,27626],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27627,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27629,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27631,92],{"class":91},[37,27633,95],{"class":51},[37,27635,1215],{"class":102},[37,27637,18],{"class":51},[37,27639,20668],{"class":3788},[37,27641,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,27643,92],{"class":91},[37,27645,95],{"class":51},[37,27647,11565],{"class":102},[37,27649,18],{"class":51},[37,27651,27446],{"class":3788},[20,27653,22,27654,27658,27659,292],{},[285,27655,27656],{"href":10851},[15,27657,26936],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[285,27660,11377],{"href":11190},[130,27662,155],{"id":4638},[20,27664,27665,27666,292],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27667,12682],{},[307,27669,25881,27671,27673],{"id":27670},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27672,12875],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27675,27676],{},"Lists use indexes:",[28,27678,27680],{"className":30,"code":27679,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27681,27682,27702],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27683,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27685,207],{"class":43},[37,27687,48],{"class":47},[37,27689,519],{"class":51},[37,27691,214],{"class":122},[37,27693,65],{"class":51},[37,27695,219],{"class":122},[37,27697,65],{"class":51},[37,27699,224],{"class":122},[37,27701,3760],{"class":51},[37,27703,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27705,92],{"class":91},[37,27707,95],{"class":51},[37,27709,246],{"class":102},[37,27711,292],{"class":51},[37,27713,26347],{"class":102},[37,27715,95],{"class":51},[37,27717,501],{"class":122},[37,27719,5482],{"class":51},[37,27721,27722],{"class":3788},"  # 20\n",[20,27724,27725],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[28,27727,27729],{"className":30,"code":27728,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27730,27731,27767],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27732,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27734,13314],{"class":43},[37,27736,48],{"class":47},[37,27738,10605],{"class":51},[37,27740,56],{"class":55},[37,27742,7790],{"class":59},[37,27744,56],{"class":55},[37,27746,3013],{"class":51},[37,27748,68],{"class":55},[37,27750,1646],{"class":59},[37,27752,56],{"class":55},[37,27754,65],{"class":51},[37,27756,68],{"class":55},[37,27758,9415],{"class":59},[37,27760,56],{"class":55},[37,27762,3013],{"class":51},[37,27764,1653],{"class":122},[37,27766,9424],{"class":51},[37,27768,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27770,92],{"class":91},[37,27772,95],{"class":51},[37,27774,17416],{"class":102},[37,27776,292],{"class":51},[37,27778,26347],{"class":102},[37,27780,95],{"class":51},[37,27782,56],{"class":55},[37,27784,9415],{"class":59},[37,27786,56],{"class":55},[37,27788,5482],{"class":51},[37,27790,27791],{"class":3788},"  # 25\n",[20,27793,27794,27795,27797,27798,27800],{},"A dictionary does ",[110,27796,711],{}," use positions with ",[15,27799,12875],{},". It uses keys.",[307,27802,4823,27804,27806],{"id":27803},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27805,12875],{}," changes the original dictionary",[28,27808,27810],{"className":30,"code":27809,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27811,27812,27844,27848,27870,27874,27887],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27813,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27815,494],{"class":43},[37,27817,48],{"class":47},[37,27819,10605],{"class":51},[37,27821,56],{"class":55},[37,27823,900],{"class":59},[37,27825,56],{"class":55},[37,27827,3013],{"class":51},[37,27829,5619],{"class":122},[37,27831,65],{"class":51},[37,27833,68],{"class":55},[37,27835,909],{"class":59},[37,27837,56],{"class":55},[37,27839,3013],{"class":51},[37,27841,890],{"class":122},[37,27843,9424],{"class":51},[37,27845,27846],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27847,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27849,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27851,1194],{"class":43},[37,27853,48],{"class":47},[37,27855,14676],{"class":43},[37,27857,292],{"class":51},[37,27859,26347],{"class":102},[37,27861,95],{"class":51},[37,27863,56],{"class":55},[37,27865,900],{"class":59},[37,27867,56],{"class":55},[37,27869,85],{"class":51},[37,27871,27872],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27873,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27875,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,27877,92],{"class":91},[37,27879,95],{"class":51},[37,27881,1215],{"class":102},[37,27883,18],{"class":51},[37,27885,27886],{"class":3788},"  # 1\n",[37,27888,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,27890,92],{"class":91},[37,27892,95],{"class":51},[37,27894,543],{"class":102},[37,27896,18],{"class":51},[37,27898,27899],{"class":3788},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27901,27902,27903,27905],{},"After ",[15,27904,12875],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[307,27907,1872,27909,27911],{"id":27908},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27910,12875],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[28,27913,27915],{"className":30,"code":27914,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27916,27917,27941,27945,27950],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27918,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27920,494],{"class":43},[37,27922,48],{"class":47},[37,27924,10605],{"class":51},[37,27926,56],{"class":55},[37,27928,7790],{"class":59},[37,27930,56],{"class":55},[37,27932,3013],{"class":51},[37,27934,68],{"class":55},[37,27936,8041],{"class":59},[37,27938,56],{"class":55},[37,27940,9424],{"class":51},[37,27942,27943],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27944,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27946,27947],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27948,27949],{"class":3788},"# This causes an error\n",[37,27951,27952],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,27953,27954],{"class":3788},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27956,27957],{},"Safer version:",[28,27959,27961],{"className":30,"code":27960,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27962,27963,27987,27991],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,27964,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,27966,494],{"class":43},[37,27968,48],{"class":47},[37,27970,10605],{"class":51},[37,27972,56],{"class":55},[37,27974,7790],{"class":59},[37,27976,56],{"class":55},[37,27978,3013],{"class":51},[37,27980,68],{"class":55},[37,27982,8041],{"class":59},[37,27984,56],{"class":55},[37,27986,9424],{"class":51},[37,27988,27989],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,27990,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,27992,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,27994,92],{"class":91},[37,27996,95],{"class":51},[37,27998,543],{"class":102},[37,28000,292],{"class":51},[37,28002,26347],{"class":102},[37,28004,95],{"class":51},[37,28006,56],{"class":55},[37,28008,9415],{"class":59},[37,28010,56],{"class":55},[37,28012,65],{"class":51},[37,28014,68],{"class":55},[37,28016,26879],{"class":59},[37,28018,56],{"class":55},[37,28020,5482],{"class":51},[37,28022,26915],{"class":3788},[307,28024,1880,28026,28028],{"id":28025},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28027,12875],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[28,28030,28032],{"className":30,"code":28031,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28033,28034,28066,28070,28092,28096,28108],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28035,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28037,494],{"class":43},[37,28039,48],{"class":47},[37,28041,10605],{"class":51},[37,28043,56],{"class":55},[37,28045,285],{"class":59},[37,28047,56],{"class":55},[37,28049,3013],{"class":51},[37,28051,5619],{"class":122},[37,28053,65],{"class":51},[37,28055,68],{"class":55},[37,28057,777],{"class":59},[37,28059,56],{"class":55},[37,28061,3013],{"class":51},[37,28063,890],{"class":122},[37,28065,9424],{"class":51},[37,28067,28068],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,28069,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,28071,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,28073,2362],{"class":43},[37,28075,48],{"class":47},[37,28077,14676],{"class":43},[37,28079,292],{"class":51},[37,28081,26347],{"class":102},[37,28083,95],{"class":51},[37,28085,56],{"class":55},[37,28087,285],{"class":59},[37,28089,56],{"class":55},[37,28091,85],{"class":51},[37,28093,28094],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,28095,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,28097,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,28099,92],{"class":91},[37,28101,95],{"class":51},[37,28103,2397],{"class":102},[37,28105,18],{"class":51},[37,28107,27886],{"class":3788},[37,28109,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,28111,92],{"class":91},[37,28113,95],{"class":51},[37,28115,543],{"class":102},[37,28117,18],{"class":51},[37,28119,28120],{"class":3788},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28122,28123],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[130,28125,28127],{"id":28126},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28129,28130,28131,28133],{},"Problems with ",[15,28132,12682],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[135,28135,28136,28139,28148,28151],{},[138,28137,28138],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[138,28140,28141,28142,28145,28146],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28143,28144],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28147,26443],{},[138,28149,28150],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[138,28152,28153,28154,1866,28156],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28155,501],{},[15,28157,28158],{},"\"1\"",[20,28160,28161],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[28,28163,28165],{"className":30,"code":28164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28166,28167,28191,28195,28225],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28168,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28170,494],{"class":43},[37,28172,48],{"class":47},[37,28174,10605],{"class":51},[37,28176,56],{"class":55},[37,28178,501],{"class":59},[37,28180,56],{"class":55},[37,28182,3013],{"class":51},[37,28184,68],{"class":55},[37,28186,6706],{"class":59},[37,28188,56],{"class":55},[37,28190,9424],{"class":51},[37,28192,28193],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,28194,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,28196,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28218,28220,28222],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,28198,92],{"class":91},[37,28200,95],{"class":51},[37,28202,543],{"class":102},[37,28204,292],{"class":51},[37,28206,26347],{"class":102},[37,28208,95],{"class":51},[37,28210,501],{"class":122},[37,28212,65],{"class":51},[37,28214,68],{"class":55},[37,28216,28217],{"class":59},"not found",[37,28219,56],{"class":55},[37,28221,5482],{"class":51},[37,28223,28224],{"class":3788},"    # not found\n",[37,28226,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,28228,92],{"class":91},[37,28230,95],{"class":51},[37,28232,543],{"class":102},[37,28234,292],{"class":51},[37,28236,26347],{"class":102},[37,28238,95],{"class":51},[37,28240,56],{"class":55},[37,28242,501],{"class":59},[37,28244,56],{"class":55},[37,28246,65],{"class":51},[37,28248,68],{"class":55},[37,28250,28217],{"class":59},[37,28252,56],{"class":55},[37,28254,5482],{"class":51},[37,28256,28257],{"class":3788},"  # one\n",[20,28259,28260,851,28262,28264],{},[15,28261,501],{},[15,28263,28158],{}," are different keys.",[130,28266,8991],{"id":8990},[20,28268,8994,28269,28271],{},[15,28270,12875],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[28,28273,28275],{"className":30,"code":28274,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28276,28277,28287,28301,28319,28349],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28278,28279,28281,28283,28285],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28280,92],{"class":91},[37,28282,95],{"class":51},[37,28284,11565],{"class":102},[37,28286,85],{"class":51},[37,28288,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,28290,92],{"class":91},[37,28292,95],{"class":51},[37,28294,11565],{"class":102},[37,28296,292],{"class":51},[37,28298,17033],{"class":102},[37,28300,7315],{"class":51},[37,28302,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,28304,92],{"class":91},[37,28306,95],{"class":51},[37,28308,821],{"class":55},[37,28310,7790],{"class":59},[37,28312,821],{"class":55},[37,28314,21280],{"class":1483},[37,28316,11878],{"class":102},[37,28318,85],{"class":51},[37,28320,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,28322,92],{"class":91},[37,28324,95],{"class":51},[37,28326,11565],{"class":102},[37,28328,292],{"class":51},[37,28330,26347],{"class":102},[37,28332,95],{"class":51},[37,28334,821],{"class":55},[37,28336,7790],{"class":59},[37,28338,821],{"class":55},[37,28340,65],{"class":51},[37,28342,815],{"class":55},[37,28344,26879],{"class":59},[37,28346,821],{"class":55},[37,28348,106],{"class":51},[37,28350,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,28352,92],{"class":91},[37,28354,95],{"class":51},[37,28356,757],{"class":756},[37,28358,95],{"class":51},[37,28360,11565],{"class":102},[37,28362,106],{"class":51},[20,28364,21443],{},[135,28366,28367,28372,28377,28382,28388],{},[138,28368,28369,28371],{},[15,28370,12792],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[138,28373,28374,28376],{},[15,28375,21455],{}," shows all available keys",[138,28378,28379,28381],{},[15,28380,21461],{}," checks whether a key exists",[138,28383,28384,28387],{},[15,28385,28386],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[138,28389,28390,28392],{},[15,28391,12798],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28394,28395,28396,292],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[285,28397,9507],{"href":9506},[130,28399,1969],{"id":1968},[307,28401,28403,28404,28406],{"id":28402},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28405,12875],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28408,28409],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[307,28411,28413],{"id":28412},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28415,28416,26644,28418,28420,28421,28423],{},[15,28417,26443],{},[15,28419,19795],{},". ",[15,28422,26447],{}," returns the default value instead.",[307,28425,1983,28427,15006],{"id":28426},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28428,12875],{},[20,28430,28431],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[307,28433,28435,28436,28438],{"id":28434},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28437,12875],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28440,28441,28442,28444,28445,292],{},"Not with ",[15,28443,12682],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[285,28446,28447],{"href":12693},[15,28448,12882],{},[307,28450,5300,28452,851,28454,2623],{"id":28451},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28453,10855],{},[15,28455,12875],{},[20,28457,28458,28460,28461,28463],{},[15,28459,10855],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28462,12875],{}," reads and removes it.",[130,28465,2025],{"id":2024},[135,28467,28468,28474,28481,28485,28489,28493],{},[138,28469,28470],{},[285,28471,28472],{"href":10851},[15,28473,19776],{},[138,28475,28476],{},[285,28477,28478],{"href":12693},[15,28479,28480],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[138,28482,28483],{},[285,28484,12899],{"href":12686},[138,28486,28487],{},[285,28488,21564],{"href":16706},[138,28490,28491],{},[285,28492,11377],{"href":11190},[138,28494,28495],{},[285,28496,28498],{"href":28497},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2052,28500,28501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":28503},[28504,28505,28507,28508,28509,28511,28518,28525,28535,28536,28537,28548],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":26454,"depth":88,"text":28506},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":26939,"depth":88,"text":28510},"When to use pop()",{"id":27126,"depth":88,"text":28512,"children":28513},"pop() vs del",[28514,28516],{"id":27141,"depth":251,"text":28515},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27244,"depth":251,"text":28517},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27347,"depth":88,"text":28519,"children":28520},"How to avoid KeyError",[28521,28522,28523],{"id":27356,"depth":251,"text":27357},{"id":27452,"depth":251,"text":27453},{"id":27560,"depth":251,"text":28524},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":28526},[28527,28529,28531,28533],{"id":27670,"depth":251,"text":28528},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27803,"depth":251,"text":28530},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27908,"depth":251,"text":28532},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28025,"depth":251,"text":28534},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28126,"depth":88,"text":28127},{"id":8990,"depth":88,"text":8991},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":28538},[28539,28541,28542,28544,28546],{"id":28402,"depth":251,"text":28540},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28412,"depth":251,"text":28413},{"id":28426,"depth":251,"text":28543},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28434,"depth":251,"text":28545},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28451,"depth":251,"text":28547},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26275,"description":28549},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28556,"title":28480,"body":28557,"description":30497,"extension":2099,"meta":30498,"navigation":254,"path":30499,"seo":30500,"stem":30501,"__hash__":30502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28558,"toc":30461},[28559,28564,28569,28572,28580,28590,28592,28681,28685,28734,28739,28744,28748,28764,28767,28769,28784,28786,28802,28809,28813,28819,28828,28830,28899,28903,28924,28927,28946,28949,28972,28974,28977,29092,29096,29155,29162,29166,29172,29297,29301,29351,29354,29358,29365,29367,29430,29434,29455,29458,29467,29482,29490,29497,29501,29513,29517,29528,29530,29676,29680,29739,29746,29751,29755,29761,29784,29789,29808,29812,29883,29890,29963,29972,29977,29982,29993,29996,30133,30138,30170,30175,30177,30181,30241,30244,30301,30304,30347,30349,30354,30360,30366,30369,30376,30384,30389,30392,30399,30407,30409,30458],[10,28560,11433,28562,11437],{"id":28561},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28563,12882],{},[20,28565,1531,28566,28568],{},[15,28567,12882],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28570,28571],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[135,28573,28574,28577],{},[138,28575,28576],{},"remove an item",[138,28578,28579],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28581,28582,28583,28585,28586,28589],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28584,12882],{}," removes the ",[110,28587,28588],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[130,28591,2140],{"id":2139},[28,28593,28595],{"className":30,"code":28594,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28596,28597,28641,28657,28661,28671],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28598,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28600,494],{"class":43},[37,28602,48],{"class":47},[37,28604,10605],{"class":51},[37,28606,56],{"class":55},[37,28608,285],{"class":59},[37,28610,56],{"class":55},[37,28612,3013],{"class":51},[37,28614,5619],{"class":122},[37,28616,65],{"class":51},[37,28618,68],{"class":55},[37,28620,777],{"class":59},[37,28622,56],{"class":55},[37,28624,3013],{"class":51},[37,28626,890],{"class":122},[37,28628,65],{"class":51},[37,28630,68],{"class":55},[37,28632,1754],{"class":59},[37,28634,56],{"class":55},[37,28636,3013],{"class":51},[37,28638,513],{"class":122},[37,28640,9424],{"class":51},[37,28642,28643,28646,28648,28650,28652,28655],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,28644,28645],{"class":43},"item ",[37,28647,48],{"class":47},[37,28649,14676],{"class":43},[37,28651,292],{"class":51},[37,28653,28654],{"class":102},"popitem",[37,28656,8761],{"class":51},[37,28658,28659],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,28660,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,28662,28663,28665,28667,28669],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,28664,92],{"class":91},[37,28666,95],{"class":51},[37,28668,23417],{"class":102},[37,28670,85],{"class":51},[37,28672,28673,28675,28677,28679],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,28674,92],{"class":91},[37,28676,95],{"class":51},[37,28678,543],{"class":102},[37,28680,85],{"class":51},[20,28682,28683],{},[110,28684,112],{},[28,28686,28688],{"className":30,"code":28687,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28689,28690,28706],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28693,95],{"class":51},[37,28695,821],{"class":55},[37,28697,1754],{"class":59},[37,28699,821],{"class":55},[37,28701,65],{"class":51},[37,28703,513],{"class":122},[37,28705,85],{"class":51},[37,28707,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,28709,9394],{"class":51},[37,28711,821],{"class":55},[37,28713,285],{"class":59},[37,28715,821],{"class":55},[37,28717,3013],{"class":51},[37,28719,5619],{"class":122},[37,28721,65],{"class":51},[37,28723,815],{"class":55},[37,28725,777],{"class":59},[37,28727,821],{"class":55},[37,28729,3013],{"class":51},[37,28731,890],{"class":122},[37,28733,9424],{"class":51},[20,28735,28736,28738],{},[15,28737,12882],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[130,28740,296,28742,3805],{"id":28741},"what-popitem-does",[15,28743,12882],{},[20,28745,28746,3013],{},[15,28747,12882],{},[135,28749,28750,28753,28758,28761],{},[138,28751,28752],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[138,28754,28755,28756],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28757,21762],{},[138,28759,28760],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[138,28762,28763],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28765,28766],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[130,28768,159],{"id":158},[28,28770,28772],{"className":30,"code":28771,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28773,28774],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28775,28776,28778,28780,28782],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28777,15713],{"class":43},[37,28779,292],{"class":51},[37,28781,28654],{"class":102},[37,28783,8761],{"class":51},[20,28785,181],{},[135,28787,28788,28796,28799],{},[138,28789,28790,28792,28793],{},[15,28791,12882],{}," takes ",[110,28794,28795],{},"no arguments",[138,28797,28798],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[138,28800,28801],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28803,28804,28805,6752],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[285,28806,28807],{"href":12679},[15,28808,12875],{},[130,28810,28812],{"id":28811},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28814,28815,28816,28818],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28817,12882],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28820,28821,28822,28825],"ol",{},[138,28823,28824],{},"the key",[138,28826,28827],{},"the value",[20,28829,197],{},[28,28831,28833],{"className":30,"code":28832,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28834,28835,28871,28885,28889],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28836,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28838,13314],{"class":43},[37,28840,48],{"class":47},[37,28842,10605],{"class":51},[37,28844,56],{"class":55},[37,28846,7790],{"class":59},[37,28848,56],{"class":55},[37,28850,3013],{"class":51},[37,28852,68],{"class":55},[37,28854,5123],{"class":59},[37,28856,56],{"class":55},[37,28858,65],{"class":51},[37,28860,68],{"class":55},[37,28862,9415],{"class":59},[37,28864,56],{"class":55},[37,28866,3013],{"class":51},[37,28868,1653],{"class":122},[37,28870,9424],{"class":51},[37,28872,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,28874,2362],{"class":43},[37,28876,48],{"class":47},[37,28878,13357],{"class":43},[37,28880,292],{"class":51},[37,28882,28654],{"class":102},[37,28884,8761],{"class":51},[37,28886,28887],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,28888,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,28890,28891,28893,28895,28897],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,28892,92],{"class":91},[37,28894,95],{"class":51},[37,28896,2397],{"class":102},[37,28898,85],{"class":51},[20,28900,28901],{},[110,28902,112],{},[28,28904,28906],{"className":30,"code":28905,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28907,28908],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28909,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28922],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28911,95],{"class":51},[37,28913,821],{"class":55},[37,28915,9415],{"class":59},[37,28917,821],{"class":55},[37,28919,65],{"class":51},[37,28921,1653],{"class":122},[37,28923,85],{"class":51},[20,28925,28926],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[28,28928,28930],{"className":30,"code":28929,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28931,28932],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28933,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28935,2362],{"class":43},[37,28937,48],{"class":47},[37,28939,13357],{"class":43},[37,28941,292],{"class":51},[37,28943,28654],{"class":102},[37,28945,8761],{"class":51},[20,28947,28948],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[28,28950,28952],{"className":30,"code":28951,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28953,28954],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28955,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28957,14951],{"class":43},[37,28959,65],{"class":51},[37,28961,21691],{"class":43},[37,28963,48],{"class":47},[37,28965,13357],{"class":43},[37,28967,292],{"class":51},[37,28969,28654],{"class":102},[37,28971,8761],{"class":51},[130,28973,11590],{"id":11589},[20,28975,28976],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[28,28978,28980],{"className":30,"code":28979,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28981,28982,29030,29034,29049,29053,29073],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,28983,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28995,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29014,29016,29018,29021,29023,29025,29028],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,28985,5183],{"class":43},[37,28987,48],{"class":47},[37,28989,10605],{"class":51},[37,28991,56],{"class":55},[37,28993,28994],{"class":59},"Tom",[37,28996,56],{"class":55},[37,28998,3013],{"class":51},[37,29000,5195],{"class":122},[37,29002,65],{"class":51},[37,29004,68],{"class":55},[37,29006,1646],{"class":59},[37,29008,56],{"class":55},[37,29010,3013],{"class":51},[37,29012,29013],{"class":122}," 95",[37,29015,65],{"class":51},[37,29017,68],{"class":55},[37,29019,29020],{"class":59},"Leo",[37,29022,56],{"class":55},[37,29024,3013],{"class":51},[37,29026,29027],{"class":122}," 88",[37,29029,9424],{"class":51},[37,29031,29032],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29033,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29035,29036,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29037,29038],{"class":43},"removed_pair ",[37,29040,48],{"class":47},[37,29042,5230],{"class":43},[37,29044,292],{"class":51},[37,29046,28654],{"class":102},[37,29048,8761],{"class":51},[37,29050,29051],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,29052,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29054,29055,29057,29059,29061,29064,29066,29068,29071],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,29056,92],{"class":91},[37,29058,95],{"class":51},[37,29060,56],{"class":55},[37,29062,29063],{"class":59},"Removed:",[37,29065,56],{"class":55},[37,29067,65],{"class":51},[37,29069,29070],{"class":102}," removed_pair",[37,29072,85],{"class":51},[37,29074,29075,29077,29079,29081,29084,29086,29088,29090],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,29076,92],{"class":91},[37,29078,95],{"class":51},[37,29080,56],{"class":55},[37,29082,29083],{"class":59},"After removal:",[37,29085,56],{"class":55},[37,29087,65],{"class":51},[37,29089,5230],{"class":102},[37,29091,85],{"class":51},[20,29093,29094],{},[110,29095,112],{},[28,29097,29099],{"className":30,"code":29098,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29100,29101,29122],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29102,29103,29106,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29104,29105],{"class":43},"Removed",[37,29107,3013],{"class":51},[37,29109,52],{"class":51},[37,29111,821],{"class":55},[37,29113,29020],{"class":59},[37,29115,821],{"class":55},[37,29117,65],{"class":51},[37,29119,29027],{"class":122},[37,29121,85],{"class":51},[37,29123,29124,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29125,29126],{"class":43},"After removal",[37,29128,3013],{"class":51},[37,29130,10605],{"class":51},[37,29132,821],{"class":55},[37,29134,28994],{"class":59},[37,29136,821],{"class":55},[37,29138,3013],{"class":51},[37,29140,5195],{"class":122},[37,29142,65],{"class":51},[37,29144,815],{"class":55},[37,29146,1646],{"class":59},[37,29148,821],{"class":55},[37,29150,3013],{"class":51},[37,29152,29013],{"class":122},[37,29154,9424],{"class":51},[20,29156,29157,29158,29161],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29159,29160],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[130,29163,29165],{"id":29164},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29167,29168,29169,29171],{},"Because ",[15,29170,12882],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[28,29173,29175],{"className":30,"code":29174,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29176,29177,29213,29217,29236,29240,29259,29278],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29178,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29180,15556],{"class":43},[37,29182,48],{"class":47},[37,29184,10605],{"class":51},[37,29186,56],{"class":55},[37,29188,15567],{"class":59},[37,29190,56],{"class":55},[37,29192,3013],{"class":51},[37,29194,68],{"class":55},[37,29196,15576],{"class":59},[37,29198,56],{"class":55},[37,29200,65],{"class":51},[37,29202,68],{"class":55},[37,29204,15587],{"class":59},[37,29206,56],{"class":55},[37,29208,3013],{"class":51},[37,29210,27013],{"class":122},[37,29212,9424],{"class":51},[37,29214,29215],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29216,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29218,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29230,29232,29234],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29220,14951],{"class":43},[37,29222,65],{"class":51},[37,29224,21691],{"class":43},[37,29226,48],{"class":47},[37,29228,29229],{"class":43}," book",[37,29231,292],{"class":51},[37,29233,28654],{"class":102},[37,29235,8761],{"class":51},[37,29237,29238],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,29239,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29241,29242,29244,29246,29248,29251,29253,29255,29257],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,29243,92],{"class":91},[37,29245,95],{"class":51},[37,29247,56],{"class":55},[37,29249,29250],{"class":59},"Key:",[37,29252,56],{"class":55},[37,29254,65],{"class":51},[37,29256,21686],{"class":102},[37,29258,85],{"class":51},[37,29260,29261,29263,29265,29267,29270,29272,29274,29276],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,29262,92],{"class":91},[37,29264,95],{"class":51},[37,29266,56],{"class":55},[37,29268,29269],{"class":59},"Value:",[37,29271,56],{"class":55},[37,29273,65],{"class":51},[37,29275,8551],{"class":102},[37,29277,85],{"class":51},[37,29279,29280,29282,29284,29286,29289,29291,29293,29295],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,29281,92],{"class":91},[37,29283,95],{"class":51},[37,29285,56],{"class":55},[37,29287,29288],{"class":59},"Dictionary:",[37,29290,56],{"class":55},[37,29292,65],{"class":51},[37,29294,29229],{"class":102},[37,29296,85],{"class":51},[20,29298,29299],{},[110,29300,112],{},[28,29302,29304],{"className":30,"code":29303,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29305,29306,29316,29326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29307,29308,29311,29313],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29309,29310],{"class":43},"Key",[37,29312,3013],{"class":51},[37,29314,29315],{"class":43}," pages\n",[37,29317,29318,29321,29323],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29319,29320],{"class":43},"Value",[37,29322,3013],{"class":51},[37,29324,29325],{"class":122}," 200\n",[37,29327,29328,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29329,29330],{"class":43},"Dictionary",[37,29332,3013],{"class":51},[37,29334,10605],{"class":51},[37,29336,821],{"class":55},[37,29338,15567],{"class":59},[37,29340,821],{"class":55},[37,29342,3013],{"class":51},[37,29344,815],{"class":55},[37,29346,15576],{"class":59},[37,29348,821],{"class":55},[37,29350,9424],{"class":51},[20,29352,29353],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[130,29355,29357],{"id":29356},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29359,29360,29361,28585,29363,292],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29362,12882],{},[110,29364,28588],{},[20,29366,197],{},[28,29368,29370],{"className":30,"code":29369,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29371,29372,29416],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29373,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29375,494],{"class":43},[37,29377,48],{"class":47},[37,29379,10605],{"class":51},[37,29381,56],{"class":55},[37,29383,900],{"class":59},[37,29385,56],{"class":55},[37,29387,3013],{"class":51},[37,29389,5619],{"class":122},[37,29391,65],{"class":51},[37,29393,68],{"class":55},[37,29395,909],{"class":59},[37,29397,56],{"class":55},[37,29399,3013],{"class":51},[37,29401,890],{"class":122},[37,29403,65],{"class":51},[37,29405,68],{"class":55},[37,29407,22184],{"class":59},[37,29409,56],{"class":55},[37,29411,3013],{"class":51},[37,29413,513],{"class":122},[37,29415,9424],{"class":51},[37,29417,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29419,92],{"class":91},[37,29421,95],{"class":51},[37,29423,543],{"class":102},[37,29425,292],{"class":51},[37,29427,28654],{"class":102},[37,29429,7315],{"class":51},[20,29431,29432],{},[110,29433,112],{},[28,29435,29437],{"className":30,"code":29436,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29438,29439],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29440,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29442,95],{"class":51},[37,29444,821],{"class":55},[37,29446,22184],{"class":59},[37,29448,821],{"class":55},[37,29450,65],{"class":51},[37,29452,513],{"class":122},[37,29454,85],{"class":51},[20,29456,29457],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29459,29460,29461,29463,29464,29466],{},"As a beginner, do ",[110,29462,711],{}," think of ",[15,29465,12882],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29468,29469,29470,2321,29474,17181,29478,292],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[285,29471,29472],{"href":17184},[15,29473,17187],{},[285,29475,29476],{"href":17171},[15,29477,17174],{},[285,29479,29480],{"href":17177},[15,29481,17180],{},[130,29483,29485,29486,851,29488],{"id":29484},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29487,12882],{},[15,29489,12875],{},[20,29491,29492,851,29494,29496],{},[15,29493,12882],{},[15,29495,12875],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[307,29498,29499],{"id":28654},[15,29500,12882],{},[135,29502,29503,29506,29509],{},[138,29504,29505],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[138,29507,29508],{},"does not need a key argument",[138,29510,3817,29511],{},[15,29512,21762],{},[307,29514,29515],{"id":26347},[15,29516,12875],{},[135,29518,29519,29522,29525],{},[138,29520,29521],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[138,29523,29524],{},"needs the key name",[138,29526,29527],{},"returns only the value",[20,29529,197],{},[28,29531,29533],{"className":30,"code":29532,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29534,29535,29579,29583,29597,29617,29621,29643,29662,29666],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29536,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29538,494],{"class":43},[37,29540,48],{"class":47},[37,29542,10605],{"class":51},[37,29544,56],{"class":55},[37,29546,285],{"class":59},[37,29548,56],{"class":55},[37,29550,3013],{"class":51},[37,29552,5619],{"class":122},[37,29554,65],{"class":51},[37,29556,68],{"class":55},[37,29558,777],{"class":59},[37,29560,56],{"class":55},[37,29562,3013],{"class":51},[37,29564,890],{"class":122},[37,29566,65],{"class":51},[37,29568,68],{"class":55},[37,29570,1754],{"class":59},[37,29572,56],{"class":55},[37,29574,3013],{"class":51},[37,29576,513],{"class":122},[37,29578,9424],{"class":51},[37,29580,29581],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29582,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29584,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29586,28645],{"class":43},[37,29588,48],{"class":47},[37,29590,14676],{"class":43},[37,29592,292],{"class":51},[37,29594,28654],{"class":102},[37,29596,8761],{"class":51},[37,29598,29599,29601,29603,29605,29608,29610,29612,29615],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,29600,92],{"class":91},[37,29602,95],{"class":51},[37,29604,56],{"class":55},[37,29606,29607],{"class":59},"popitem():",[37,29609,56],{"class":55},[37,29611,65],{"class":51},[37,29613,29614],{"class":102}," item",[37,29616,85],{"class":51},[37,29618,29619],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,29620,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29622,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,29624,1194],{"class":43},[37,29626,48],{"class":47},[37,29628,14676],{"class":43},[37,29630,292],{"class":51},[37,29632,26347],{"class":102},[37,29634,95],{"class":51},[37,29636,56],{"class":55},[37,29638,285],{"class":59},[37,29640,56],{"class":55},[37,29642,85],{"class":51},[37,29644,29645,29647,29649,29651,29654,29656,29658,29660],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,29646,92],{"class":91},[37,29648,95],{"class":51},[37,29650,56],{"class":55},[37,29652,29653],{"class":59},"pop('a'):",[37,29655,56],{"class":55},[37,29657,65],{"class":51},[37,29659,8551],{"class":102},[37,29661,85],{"class":51},[37,29663,29664],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,29665,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29667,29668,29670,29672,29674],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,29669,92],{"class":91},[37,29671,95],{"class":51},[37,29673,543],{"class":102},[37,29675,85],{"class":51},[20,29677,29678],{},[110,29679,112],{},[28,29681,29683],{"className":30,"code":29682,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29684,29685,29706,29723],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29686,29687,29689,29692,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29688,28654],{"class":102},[37,29690,29691],{"class":51},"():",[37,29693,52],{"class":51},[37,29695,821],{"class":55},[37,29697,1754],{"class":59},[37,29699,821],{"class":55},[37,29701,65],{"class":51},[37,29703,513],{"class":122},[37,29705,85],{"class":51},[37,29707,29708,29710,29712,29714,29716,29718,29720],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29709,26347],{"class":102},[37,29711,95],{"class":51},[37,29713,821],{"class":55},[37,29715,285],{"class":59},[37,29717,821],{"class":55},[37,29719,16561],{"class":51},[37,29721,29722],{"class":122}," 1\n",[37,29724,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733,29735,29737],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29726,9394],{"class":51},[37,29728,821],{"class":55},[37,29730,777],{"class":59},[37,29732,821],{"class":55},[37,29734,3013],{"class":51},[37,29736,890],{"class":122},[37,29738,9424],{"class":51},[20,29740,22,29741,29745],{},[285,29742,29743],{"href":12679},[15,29744,12875],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29747,22,29748,29750],{},[15,29749,12882],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[130,29752,29754],{"id":29753},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29756,29757,29758,29760],{},"Calling ",[15,29759,12882],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[28,29762,29764],{"className":30,"code":29763,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29765,29766,29774],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29767,29768,29770,29772],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29769,494],{"class":43},[37,29771,48],{"class":47},[37,29773,9953],{"class":51},[37,29775,29776,29778,29780,29782],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29777,543],{"class":43},[37,29779,292],{"class":51},[37,29781,28654],{"class":102},[37,29783,8761],{"class":51},[20,29785,29786],{},[110,29787,29788],{},"Error:",[28,29790,29792],{"className":30,"code":29791,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29793,29794],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29795,29796,29798,29800,29802,29805],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29797,19795],{"class":756},[37,29799,3013],{"class":51},[37,29801,815],{"class":55},[37,29803,29804],{"class":59},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[37,29806,29807],{"class":55},"'\n",[307,29809,29811],{"id":29810},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[28,29813,29815],{"className":30,"code":29814,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29816,29817,29825,29829,29837,29852,29862,29868],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29818,29819,29821,29823],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29820,494],{"class":43},[37,29822,48],{"class":47},[37,29824,9953],{"class":51},[37,29826,29827],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29828,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29830,29831,29833,29835],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29832,1484],{"class":1483},[37,29834,14676],{"class":43},[37,29836,1501],{"class":51},[37,29838,29839,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,29840,29841],{"class":43},"    item ",[37,29843,48],{"class":47},[37,29845,14676],{"class":43},[37,29847,292],{"class":51},[37,29849,28654],{"class":102},[37,29851,8761],{"class":51},[37,29853,29854,29856,29858,29860],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,29855,1506],{"class":91},[37,29857,95],{"class":51},[37,29859,23417],{"class":102},[37,29861,85],{"class":51},[37,29863,29864,29866],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,29865,27540],{"class":1483},[37,29867,1501],{"class":51},[37,29869,29870,29872,29874,29876,29879,29881],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,29871,1506],{"class":91},[37,29873,95],{"class":51},[37,29875,56],{"class":55},[37,29877,29878],{"class":59},"Dictionary is empty",[37,29880,56],{"class":55},[37,29882,85],{"class":51},[307,29884,29886,29887],{"id":29885},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29888,29889],{},"try-except",[28,29891,29893],{"className":30,"code":29892,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29894,29895,29903,29907,29914,29928,29938,29948],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,29896,29897,29899,29901],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,29898,494],{"class":43},[37,29900,48],{"class":47},[37,29902,9953],{"class":51},[37,29904,29905],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,29906,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,29908,29909,29912],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,29910,29911],{"class":1483},"try",[37,29913,1501],{"class":51},[37,29915,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,29917,29841],{"class":43},[37,29919,48],{"class":47},[37,29921,14676],{"class":43},[37,29923,292],{"class":51},[37,29925,28654],{"class":102},[37,29927,8761],{"class":51},[37,29929,29930,29932,29934,29936],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,29931,1506],{"class":91},[37,29933,95],{"class":51},[37,29935,23417],{"class":102},[37,29937,85],{"class":51},[37,29939,29940,29943,29946],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,29941,29942],{"class":1483},"except",[37,29944,29945],{"class":756}," KeyError",[37,29947,1501],{"class":51},[37,29949,29950,29952,29954,29956,29959,29961],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,29951,1506],{"class":91},[37,29953,95],{"class":51},[37,29955,56],{"class":55},[37,29957,29958],{"class":59},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[37,29960,56],{"class":55},[37,29962,85],{"class":51},[20,29964,29965,29966,292],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[285,29967,25787,29969],{"href":29968},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29970,29971],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[130,29973,5080,29975],{"id":29974},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29976,12882],{},[20,29978,29979,29981],{},[15,29980,12882],{}," is useful when:",[135,29983,29984,29987,29990],{},[138,29985,29986],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[138,29988,29989],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[138,29991,29992],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29994,29995],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[28,29997,29999],{"className":30,"code":29998,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30000,30001,30010,30030,30050,30068,30072,30076,30086,30105],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30002,30003,30006,30008],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30004,30005],{"class":43},"tasks ",[37,30007,48],{"class":47},[37,30009,11607],{"class":51},[37,30011,30012,30014,30017,30019,30021,30023,30026,30028],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30013,11612],{"class":55},[37,30015,30016],{"class":59},"first",[37,30018,56],{"class":55},[37,30020,3013],{"class":51},[37,30022,68],{"class":55},[37,30024,30025],{"class":59},"wash dishes",[37,30027,56],{"class":55},[37,30029,11628],{"class":51},[37,30031,30032,30034,30037,30039,30041,30043,30046,30048],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30033,11612],{"class":55},[37,30035,30036],{"class":59},"second",[37,30038,56],{"class":55},[37,30040,3013],{"class":51},[37,30042,68],{"class":55},[37,30044,30045],{"class":59},"do homework",[37,30047,56],{"class":55},[37,30049,11628],{"class":51},[37,30051,30052,30054,30057,30059,30061,30063,30066],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,30053,11612],{"class":55},[37,30055,30056],{"class":59},"third",[37,30058,56],{"class":55},[37,30060,3013],{"class":51},[37,30062,68],{"class":55},[37,30064,30065],{"class":59},"read book",[37,30067,3484],{"class":55},[37,30069,30070],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,30071,9424],{"class":51},[37,30073,30074],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,30075,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,30077,30078,30081,30084],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,30079,30080],{"class":1483},"while",[37,30082,30083],{"class":43}," tasks",[37,30085,1501],{"class":51},[37,30087,30088,30091,30093,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,30089,30090],{"class":43},"    key",[37,30092,65],{"class":51},[37,30094,21691],{"class":43},[37,30096,48],{"class":47},[37,30098,30083],{"class":43},[37,30100,292],{"class":51},[37,30102,28654],{"class":102},[37,30104,8761],{"class":51},[37,30106,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30117,30119,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129,30131],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,30108,1506],{"class":91},[37,30110,95],{"class":51},[37,30112,22401],{"class":811},[37,30114,56],{"class":59},[37,30116,9394],{"class":122},[37,30118,14951],{"class":102},[37,30120,22410],{"class":122},[37,30122,22413],{"class":59},[37,30124,9394],{"class":122},[37,30126,1215],{"class":102},[37,30128,22410],{"class":122},[37,30130,56],{"class":59},[37,30132,85],{"class":51},[20,30134,30135],{},[110,30136,30137],{},"Possible output:",[28,30139,30141],{"className":30,"code":30140,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30142,30143,30152,30161],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30144,30145,30147,30149],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30146,30056],{"class":43},[37,30148,3013],{"class":51},[37,30150,30151],{"class":43}," read book\n",[37,30153,30154,30156,30158],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30155,30036],{"class":43},[37,30157,3013],{"class":51},[37,30159,30160],{"class":43}," do homework\n",[37,30162,30163,30165,30167],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30164,30016],{"class":43},[37,30166,3013],{"class":51},[37,30168,30169],{"class":43}," wash dishes\n",[20,30171,29168,30172,30174],{},[15,30173,12882],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[130,30176,1854],{"id":1853},[20,30178,14843,30179,3013],{},[15,30180,12882],{},[135,30182,30183,30197,30216,30227],{},[138,30184,30185,30190],{},[110,30186,29757,30187,30189],{},[15,30188,12882],{}," on an empty dictionary",[135,30191,30192],{},[138,30193,30194,30195,292],{},"This raises ",[15,30196,19795],{},[138,30198,30199,30204],{},[110,30200,1880,30201,30203],{},[15,30202,12882],{}," to remove a specific key",[135,30205,30206,30209],{},[138,30207,30208],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[138,30210,22,30211,30215],{},[285,30212,30213],{"href":12679},[15,30214,12875],{}," if you need that.",[138,30217,30218,30222],{},[110,30219,4823,30220,27806],{},[15,30221,12882],{},[135,30223,30224],{},[138,30225,30226],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[138,30228,30229,30232],{},[110,30230,30231],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[135,30233,30234],{},[138,30235,30236,22082,30238,30240],{},[15,30237,12882],{},[15,30239,21762],{}," tuple.",[20,30242,30243],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[28,30245,30247],{"className":30,"code":30246,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30248,30249,30259,30273,30277,30291],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30250,30251,30253,30255,30257],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30252,92],{"class":91},[37,30254,95],{"class":51},[37,30256,11565],{"class":102},[37,30258,85],{"class":51},[37,30260,30261,30263,30265,30267,30269,30271],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30262,92],{"class":91},[37,30264,95],{"class":51},[37,30266,17],{"class":91},[37,30268,95],{"class":51},[37,30270,11565],{"class":102},[37,30272,106],{"class":51},[37,30274,30275],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30276,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,30278,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,30280,28645],{"class":43},[37,30282,48],{"class":47},[37,30284,11878],{"class":43},[37,30286,292],{"class":51},[37,30288,28654],{"class":102},[37,30290,8761],{"class":51},[37,30292,30293,30295,30297,30299],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,30294,92],{"class":91},[37,30296,95],{"class":51},[37,30298,23417],{"class":102},[37,30300,85],{"class":51},[20,30302,30303],{},"Or with unpacking:",[28,30305,30307],{"className":30,"code":30306,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30308,30309,30327,30337],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30310,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323,30325],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30312,14951],{"class":43},[37,30314,65],{"class":51},[37,30316,21691],{"class":43},[37,30318,48],{"class":47},[37,30320,11878],{"class":43},[37,30322,292],{"class":51},[37,30324,28654],{"class":102},[37,30326,8761],{"class":51},[37,30328,30329,30331,30333,30335],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30330,92],{"class":91},[37,30332,95],{"class":51},[37,30334,14951],{"class":102},[37,30336,85],{"class":51},[37,30338,30339,30341,30343,30345],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30340,92],{"class":91},[37,30342,95],{"class":51},[37,30344,1215],{"class":102},[37,30346,85],{"class":51},[130,30348,1969],{"id":1968},[307,30350,5262,30352,5265],{"id":30351},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30353,12882],{},[20,30355,30356,30357,292],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30358,30359],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[307,30361,1983,30363,30365],{"id":30362},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30364,12882],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30367,30368],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[307,30370,30372,30373,30375],{"id":30371},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30374,12882],{}," removes?",[20,30377,30378,30379,30383],{},"No. Use ",[285,30380,30381],{"href":12679},[15,30382,12875],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[307,30385,1983,30387,15006],{"id":30386},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30388,12882],{},[20,30390,30391],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[307,30393,30395,30396,30398],{"id":30394},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30397,12882],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30400,30401,30402,30404,30405,292],{},"It raises ",[15,30403,19795],{}," with the message ",[15,30406,29804],{},[130,30408,2025],{"id":2024},[135,30410,30411,30418,30424,30430,30436,30443,30447,30451],{},[138,30412,30413],{},[285,30414,30415,30417],{"href":12679},[15,30416,12875],{}," method for dictionaries",[138,30419,30420],{},[285,30421,30422,30417],{"href":17184},[15,30423,17187],{},[138,30425,30426],{},[285,30427,30428,30417],{"href":17171},[15,30429,17174],{},[138,30431,30432],{},[285,30433,30434,30417],{"href":17177},[15,30435,17180],{},[138,30437,30438],{},[285,30439,30441,30417],{"href":30440},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30442,11436],{},[138,30444,30445],{},[285,30446,12899],{"href":12686},[138,30448,30449],{},[285,30450,21564],{"href":16706},[138,30452,30453],{},[285,30454,30455,30456],{"href":29968},"Fix ",[15,30457,29971],{},[2052,30459,30460],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":30462},[30463,30464,30466,30467,30468,30469,30470,30471,30476,30481,30483,30484,30496],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":28741,"depth":88,"text":30465},"What popitem() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":28811,"depth":88,"text":28812},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":29164,"depth":88,"text":29165},{"id":29356,"depth":88,"text":29357},{"id":29484,"depth":88,"text":30472,"children":30473},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30474,30475],{"id":28654,"depth":251,"text":12882},{"id":26347,"depth":251,"text":12875},{"id":29753,"depth":88,"text":29754,"children":30477},[30478,30479],{"id":29810,"depth":251,"text":29811},{"id":29885,"depth":251,"text":30480},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29974,"depth":88,"text":30482},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":30485},[30486,30488,30490,30492,30494],{"id":30351,"depth":251,"text":30487},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30362,"depth":251,"text":30489},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30371,"depth":251,"text":30491},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30386,"depth":251,"text":30493},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30394,"depth":251,"text":30495},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28480,"description":30497},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30504,"title":30505,"body":30506,"description":32407,"extension":2099,"meta":32408,"navigation":254,"path":14142,"seo":32409,"stem":32410,"__hash__":32411},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30507,"toc":32379},[30508,30513,30518,30521,30523,30620,30625,30630,30635,30638,30646,30649,30664,30666,30766,30768,30825,30829,30831,30834,30854,30859,30870,30873,30900,30903,30905,30962,30964,30985,30991,30996,30999,31010,31012,31120,31122,31175,31177,31189,31196,31202,31207,31210,31298,31300,31345,31348,31356,31359,31362,31431,31434,31437,31441,31444,31515,31517,31570,31573,31576,31579,31594,31597,31609,31612,31675,31677,31683,31685,31687,31766,31768,31809,31811,31876,31878,31915,31920,31925,31929,31943,31946,32069,32071,32156,32161,32163,32167,32189,32191,32270,32273,32292,32297,32299,32305,32310,32316,32319,32325,32328,32334,32339,32345,32351,32353,32376],[10,30509,11433,30511,11437],{"id":30510},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30512,15064],{},[20,30514,1531,30515,30517],{},[15,30516,15064],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30519,30520],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[130,30522,2140],{"id":2139},[28,30524,30526],{"className":30,"code":30525,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30527,30528,30564,30605,30615],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30529,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30531,13314],{"class":43},[37,30533,48],{"class":47},[37,30535,10605],{"class":51},[37,30537,56],{"class":55},[37,30539,7790],{"class":59},[37,30541,56],{"class":55},[37,30543,3013],{"class":51},[37,30545,68],{"class":55},[37,30547,1646],{"class":59},[37,30549,56],{"class":55},[37,30551,65],{"class":51},[37,30553,68],{"class":55},[37,30555,9415],{"class":59},[37,30557,56],{"class":55},[37,30559,3013],{"class":51},[37,30561,219],{"class":122},[37,30563,9424],{"class":51},[37,30565,30566,30568,30570,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30567,17416],{"class":43},[37,30569,292],{"class":51},[37,30571,30572],{"class":102},"update",[37,30574,5651],{"class":51},[37,30576,56],{"class":55},[37,30578,9415],{"class":59},[37,30580,56],{"class":55},[37,30582,3013],{"class":51},[37,30584,30585],{"class":122}," 21",[37,30587,65],{"class":51},[37,30589,68],{"class":55},[37,30591,10523],{"class":59},[37,30593,56],{"class":55},[37,30595,3013],{"class":51},[37,30597,68],{"class":55},[37,30599,16140],{"class":59},[37,30601,56],{"class":55},[37,30603,30604],{"class":51},"})\n",[37,30606,30607,30609,30611,30613],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30608,92],{"class":91},[37,30610,95],{"class":51},[37,30612,17416],{"class":102},[37,30614,85],{"class":51},[37,30616,30617],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,30618,30619],{"class":3788},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30621,22,30622,30624],{},[15,30623,15064],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[130,30626,296,30628,3805],{"id":30627},"what-update-does",[15,30629,15064],{},[20,30631,30632,30634],{},[15,30633,15064],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30636,30637],{},"It can do two main things:",[135,30639,30640,30643],{},[138,30641,30642],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[138,30644,30645],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30647,30648],{},"Important things to know:",[135,30650,30651,30654,30657,30661],{},[138,30652,30653],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[138,30655,30656],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[138,30658,5268,30659],{},[15,30660,3904],{},[138,30662,30663],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30665,197],{},[28,30667,30669],{"className":30,"code":30668,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30670,30671,30713,30756],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30672,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30709,30711],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30674,12976],{"class":43},[37,30676,48],{"class":47},[37,30678,10605],{"class":51},[37,30680,56],{"class":55},[37,30682,7790],{"class":59},[37,30684,56],{"class":55},[37,30686,3013],{"class":51},[37,30688,68],{"class":55},[37,30690,30691],{"class":59},"Mira",[37,30693,56],{"class":55},[37,30695,65],{"class":51},[37,30697,68],{"class":55},[37,30699,19999],{"class":59},[37,30701,56],{"class":55},[37,30703,3013],{"class":51},[37,30705,68],{"class":55},[37,30707,30708],{"class":59},"B",[37,30710,56],{"class":55},[37,30712,9424],{"class":51},[37,30714,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30752,30754],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30716,13735],{"class":43},[37,30718,292],{"class":51},[37,30720,30572],{"class":102},[37,30722,5651],{"class":51},[37,30724,56],{"class":55},[37,30726,19999],{"class":59},[37,30728,56],{"class":55},[37,30730,3013],{"class":51},[37,30732,68],{"class":55},[37,30734,22352],{"class":59},[37,30736,56],{"class":55},[37,30738,65],{"class":51},[37,30740,68],{"class":55},[37,30742,10523],{"class":59},[37,30744,56],{"class":55},[37,30746,3013],{"class":51},[37,30748,68],{"class":55},[37,30750,30751],{"class":59},"Quito",[37,30753,56],{"class":55},[37,30755,30604],{"class":51},[37,30757,30758,30760,30762,30764],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30759,92],{"class":91},[37,30761,95],{"class":51},[37,30763,13735],{"class":102},[37,30765,85],{"class":51},[20,30767,112],{},[28,30769,30771],{"className":30,"code":30770,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30772,30773],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30774,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30776,9394],{"class":51},[37,30778,821],{"class":55},[37,30780,7790],{"class":59},[37,30782,821],{"class":55},[37,30784,3013],{"class":51},[37,30786,815],{"class":55},[37,30788,30691],{"class":59},[37,30790,821],{"class":55},[37,30792,65],{"class":51},[37,30794,815],{"class":55},[37,30796,19999],{"class":59},[37,30798,821],{"class":55},[37,30800,3013],{"class":51},[37,30802,815],{"class":55},[37,30804,22352],{"class":59},[37,30806,821],{"class":55},[37,30808,65],{"class":51},[37,30810,815],{"class":55},[37,30812,10523],{"class":59},[37,30814,821],{"class":55},[37,30816,3013],{"class":51},[37,30818,815],{"class":55},[37,30820,30751],{"class":59},[37,30822,821],{"class":55},[37,30824,9424],{"class":51},[20,30826,9271,30827,292],{},[285,30828,24735],{"href":9506},[130,30830,159],{"id":158},[20,30832,30833],{},"The basic form is:",[28,30835,30837],{"className":30,"code":30836,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30838,30839],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30840,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30852],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30842,15713],{"class":43},[37,30844,292],{"class":51},[37,30846,30572],{"class":102},[37,30848,95],{"class":51},[37,30850,30851],{"class":102},"other",[37,30853,85],{"class":51},[20,30855,30856,30858],{},[15,30857,30851],{}," can be:",[135,30860,30861,30864,30867],{},[138,30862,30863],{},"Another dictionary",[138,30865,30866],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[138,30868,30869],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30871,30872],{},"You can also use:",[28,30874,30876],{"className":30,"code":30875,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30877,30878],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30879,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30881,15713],{"class":43},[37,30883,292],{"class":51},[37,30885,30572],{"class":102},[37,30887,95],{"class":51},[37,30889,7790],{"class":9294},[37,30891,48],{"class":47},[37,30893,56],{"class":55},[37,30895,7799],{"class":59},[37,30897,56],{"class":55},[37,30899,85],{"class":51},[20,30901,30902],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30904,197],{},[28,30906,30908],{"className":30,"code":30907,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30909,30910,30930,30952],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30911,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30913,494],{"class":43},[37,30915,48],{"class":47},[37,30917,10605],{"class":51},[37,30919,56],{"class":55},[37,30921,285],{"class":59},[37,30923,56],{"class":55},[37,30925,3013],{"class":51},[37,30927,5619],{"class":122},[37,30929,9424],{"class":51},[37,30931,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,30933,543],{"class":43},[37,30935,292],{"class":51},[37,30937,30572],{"class":102},[37,30939,5651],{"class":51},[37,30941,56],{"class":55},[37,30943,285],{"class":59},[37,30945,56],{"class":55},[37,30947,3013],{"class":51},[37,30949,6125],{"class":122},[37,30951,30604],{"class":51},[37,30953,30954,30956,30958,30960],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,30955,92],{"class":91},[37,30957,95],{"class":51},[37,30959,543],{"class":102},[37,30961,85],{"class":51},[20,30963,112],{},[28,30965,30967],{"className":30,"code":30966,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30968,30969],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,30970,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,30972,9394],{"class":51},[37,30974,821],{"class":55},[37,30976,285],{"class":59},[37,30978,821],{"class":55},[37,30980,3013],{"class":51},[37,30982,6125],{"class":122},[37,30984,9424],{"class":51},[130,30986,1872,30988,30990],{"id":30987},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30989,15064],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30992,30993,30994,292],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30995,15064],{},[20,30997,30998],{},"It is useful when:",[135,31000,31001,31004,31007],{},[138,31002,31003],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[138,31005,31006],{},"Adding extra settings",[138,31008,31009],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31011,197],{},[28,31013,31015],{"className":30,"code":31014,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31016,31017,31054,31091,31095,31110],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31018,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31052],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31020,13935],{"class":43},[37,31022,48],{"class":47},[37,31024,10605],{"class":51},[37,31026,56],{"class":55},[37,31028,12607],{"class":59},[37,31030,56],{"class":55},[37,31032,3013],{"class":51},[37,31034,68],{"class":55},[37,31036,21034],{"class":59},[37,31038,56],{"class":55},[37,31040,65],{"class":51},[37,31042,68],{"class":55},[37,31044,13960],{"class":59},[37,31046,56],{"class":55},[37,31048,3013],{"class":51},[37,31050,31051],{"class":122}," 12",[37,31053,9424],{"class":51},[37,31055,31056,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31057,31058],{"class":43},"new_settings ",[37,31060,48],{"class":47},[37,31062,10605],{"class":51},[37,31064,56],{"class":55},[37,31066,13960],{"class":59},[37,31068,56],{"class":55},[37,31070,3013],{"class":51},[37,31072,13967],{"class":122},[37,31074,65],{"class":51},[37,31076,68],{"class":55},[37,31078,20230],{"class":59},[37,31080,56],{"class":55},[37,31082,3013],{"class":51},[37,31084,68],{"class":55},[37,31086,20264],{"class":59},[37,31088,56],{"class":55},[37,31090,9424],{"class":51},[37,31092,31093],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31094,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,31096,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31108],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,31098,13994],{"class":43},[37,31100,292],{"class":51},[37,31102,30572],{"class":102},[37,31104,95],{"class":51},[37,31106,31107],{"class":102},"new_settings",[37,31109,85],{"class":51},[37,31111,31112,31114,31116,31118],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,31113,92],{"class":91},[37,31115,95],{"class":51},[37,31117,13994],{"class":102},[37,31119,85],{"class":51},[20,31121,112],{},[28,31123,31125],{"className":30,"code":31124,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31126,31127],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31128,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31130,9394],{"class":51},[37,31132,821],{"class":55},[37,31134,12607],{"class":59},[37,31136,821],{"class":55},[37,31138,3013],{"class":51},[37,31140,815],{"class":55},[37,31142,21034],{"class":59},[37,31144,821],{"class":55},[37,31146,65],{"class":51},[37,31148,815],{"class":55},[37,31150,13960],{"class":59},[37,31152,821],{"class":55},[37,31154,3013],{"class":51},[37,31156,13967],{"class":122},[37,31158,65],{"class":51},[37,31160,815],{"class":55},[37,31162,20230],{"class":59},[37,31164,821],{"class":55},[37,31166,3013],{"class":51},[37,31168,815],{"class":55},[37,31170,20264],{"class":59},[37,31172,821],{"class":55},[37,31174,9424],{"class":51},[20,31176,13518],{},[135,31178,31179,31184],{},[138,31180,31181,31183],{},[15,31182,13960],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[138,31185,31186,31188],{},[15,31187,20230],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31190,31191,31192,292],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[285,31193,31195],{"href":31194},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[130,31197,1872,31199,31201],{"id":31198},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31200,15064],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31203,31204,31206],{},[15,31205,15064],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31208,31209],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[28,31211,31213],{"className":30,"code":31212,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31214,31215,31235,31270,31274,31288],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31216,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31218,5183],{"class":43},[37,31220,48],{"class":47},[37,31222,10605],{"class":51},[37,31224,56],{"class":55},[37,31226,18524],{"class":59},[37,31228,56],{"class":55},[37,31230,3013],{"class":51},[37,31232,20006],{"class":122},[37,31234,9424],{"class":51},[37,31236,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31262,31264,31266,31268],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31238,9333],{"class":43},[37,31240,48],{"class":47},[37,31242,9338],{"class":51},[37,31244,56],{"class":55},[37,31246,18533],{"class":59},[37,31248,56],{"class":55},[37,31250,65],{"class":51},[37,31252,13616],{"class":122},[37,31254,516],{"class":51},[37,31256,52],{"class":51},[37,31258,56],{"class":55},[37,31260,31261],{"class":59},"english",[37,31263,56],{"class":55},[37,31265,65],{"class":51},[37,31267,29027],{"class":122},[37,31269,9365],{"class":51},[37,31271,31272],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31273,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,31275,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,31277,16498],{"class":43},[37,31279,292],{"class":51},[37,31281,30572],{"class":102},[37,31283,95],{"class":51},[37,31285,9378],{"class":102},[37,31287,85],{"class":51},[37,31289,31290,31292,31294,31296],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,31291,92],{"class":91},[37,31293,95],{"class":51},[37,31295,16498],{"class":102},[37,31297,85],{"class":51},[20,31299,112],{},[28,31301,31303],{"className":30,"code":31302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31304,31305],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31306,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31308,9394],{"class":51},[37,31310,821],{"class":55},[37,31312,18524],{"class":59},[37,31314,821],{"class":55},[37,31316,3013],{"class":51},[37,31318,20006],{"class":122},[37,31320,65],{"class":51},[37,31322,815],{"class":55},[37,31324,18533],{"class":59},[37,31326,821],{"class":55},[37,31328,3013],{"class":51},[37,31330,13616],{"class":122},[37,31332,65],{"class":51},[37,31334,815],{"class":55},[37,31336,31261],{"class":59},[37,31338,821],{"class":55},[37,31340,3013],{"class":51},[37,31342,29027],{"class":122},[37,31344,9424],{"class":51},[20,31346,31347],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[135,31349,31350,31353],{},[138,31351,31352],{},"The key",[138,31354,31355],{},"The value",[20,31357,31358],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31360,31361],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[28,31363,31365],{"className":30,"code":31364,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31366,31367,31387,31412,31416],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31368,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31370,494],{"class":43},[37,31372,48],{"class":47},[37,31374,10605],{"class":51},[37,31376,56],{"class":55},[37,31378,285],{"class":59},[37,31380,56],{"class":55},[37,31382,3013],{"class":51},[37,31384,5619],{"class":122},[37,31386,9424],{"class":51},[37,31388,31389,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31390,31391],{"class":43},"bad_pairs ",[37,31393,48],{"class":47},[37,31395,9338],{"class":51},[37,31397,56],{"class":55},[37,31399,777],{"class":59},[37,31401,56],{"class":55},[37,31403,65],{"class":51},[37,31405,890],{"class":122},[37,31407,65],{"class":51},[37,31409,513],{"class":122},[37,31411,9365],{"class":51},[37,31413,31414],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31415,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,31417,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31429],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,31419,543],{"class":43},[37,31421,292],{"class":51},[37,31423,30572],{"class":102},[37,31425,95],{"class":51},[37,31427,31428],{"class":102},"bad_pairs",[37,31430,85],{"class":51},[20,31432,31433],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31435,31436],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[130,31438,31440],{"id":31439},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31442,31443],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[28,31445,31447],{"className":30,"code":31446,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31448,31449,31473,31505],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31450,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31452,1637],{"class":43},[37,31454,48],{"class":47},[37,31456,10605],{"class":51},[37,31458,56],{"class":55},[37,31460,7790],{"class":59},[37,31462,56],{"class":55},[37,31464,3013],{"class":51},[37,31466,68],{"class":55},[37,31468,29020],{"class":59},[37,31470,56],{"class":55},[37,31472,9424],{"class":51},[37,31474,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31494,31496,31498,31501,31503],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31476,1679],{"class":43},[37,31478,292],{"class":51},[37,31480,30572],{"class":102},[37,31482,95],{"class":51},[37,31484,9415],{"class":9294},[37,31486,48],{"class":47},[37,31488,9312],{"class":122},[37,31490,65],{"class":51},[37,31492,31493],{"class":9294}," city",[37,31495,48],{"class":47},[37,31497,56],{"class":55},[37,31499,31500],{"class":59},"Madrid",[37,31502,56],{"class":55},[37,31504,85],{"class":51},[37,31506,31507,31509,31511,31513],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31508,92],{"class":91},[37,31510,95],{"class":51},[37,31512,1679],{"class":102},[37,31514,85],{"class":51},[20,31516,112],{},[28,31518,31520],{"className":30,"code":31519,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31521,31522],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31523,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31525,9394],{"class":51},[37,31527,821],{"class":55},[37,31529,7790],{"class":59},[37,31531,821],{"class":55},[37,31533,3013],{"class":51},[37,31535,815],{"class":55},[37,31537,29020],{"class":59},[37,31539,821],{"class":55},[37,31541,65],{"class":51},[37,31543,815],{"class":55},[37,31545,9415],{"class":59},[37,31547,821],{"class":55},[37,31549,3013],{"class":51},[37,31551,1653],{"class":122},[37,31553,65],{"class":51},[37,31555,815],{"class":55},[37,31557,10523],{"class":59},[37,31559,821],{"class":55},[37,31561,3013],{"class":51},[37,31563,815],{"class":55},[37,31565,31500],{"class":59},[37,31567,821],{"class":55},[37,31569,9424],{"class":51},[20,31571,31572],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31574,31575],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31577,31578],{},"These work:",[135,31580,31581,31585,31589],{},[138,31582,31583],{},[15,31584,9415],{},[138,31586,31587],{},[15,31588,10523],{},[138,31590,31591],{},[15,31592,31593],{},"first_name",[20,31595,31596],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[135,31598,31599,31604],{},[138,31600,31601],{},[15,31602,31603],{},"\"first name\"",[138,31605,31606],{},[15,31607,31608],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31610,31611],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[28,31613,31615],{"className":30,"code":31614,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31616,31617,31625,31665],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31618,31619,31621,31623],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31620,1637],{"class":43},[37,31622,48],{"class":47},[37,31624,9953],{"class":51},[37,31626,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31656,31658,31660,31663],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31628,1679],{"class":43},[37,31630,292],{"class":51},[37,31632,30572],{"class":102},[37,31634,5651],{"class":51},[37,31636,56],{"class":55},[37,31638,10627],{"class":59},[37,31640,56],{"class":55},[37,31642,3013],{"class":51},[37,31644,68],{"class":55},[37,31646,29020],{"class":59},[37,31648,56],{"class":55},[37,31650,65],{"class":51},[37,31652,68],{"class":55},[37,31654,31655],{"class":59},"user-id",[37,31657,56],{"class":55},[37,31659,3013],{"class":51},[37,31661,31662],{"class":122}," 1001",[37,31664,30604],{"class":51},[37,31666,31667,31669,31671,31673],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31668,92],{"class":91},[37,31670,95],{"class":51},[37,31672,1679],{"class":102},[37,31674,85],{"class":51},[130,31676,17528],{"id":17527},[20,31678,31679,2530,31681,292],{},[15,31680,15064],{},[15,31682,3904],{},[20,31684,14158],{},[20,31686,24815],{},[28,31688,31690],{"className":30,"code":31689,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31691,31692,31716,31742,31746,31756],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31693,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31695,13314],{"class":43},[37,31697,48],{"class":47},[37,31699,10605],{"class":51},[37,31701,56],{"class":55},[37,31703,7790],{"class":59},[37,31705,56],{"class":55},[37,31707,3013],{"class":51},[37,31709,68],{"class":55},[37,31711,1646],{"class":59},[37,31713,56],{"class":55},[37,31715,9424],{"class":51},[37,31717,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31719,2362],{"class":43},[37,31721,48],{"class":47},[37,31723,13357],{"class":43},[37,31725,292],{"class":51},[37,31727,30572],{"class":102},[37,31729,5651],{"class":51},[37,31731,56],{"class":55},[37,31733,9415],{"class":59},[37,31735,56],{"class":55},[37,31737,3013],{"class":51},[37,31739,219],{"class":122},[37,31741,30604],{"class":51},[37,31743,31744],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31745,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,31747,31748,31750,31752,31754],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,31749,92],{"class":91},[37,31751,95],{"class":51},[37,31753,2397],{"class":102},[37,31755,85],{"class":51},[37,31757,31758,31760,31762,31764],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,31759,92],{"class":91},[37,31761,95],{"class":51},[37,31763,17416],{"class":102},[37,31765,85],{"class":51},[20,31767,112],{},[28,31769,31771],{"className":30,"code":31770,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31772,31773,31777],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31774,31775],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31776,11920],{"class":3977},[37,31778,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31780,9394],{"class":51},[37,31782,821],{"class":55},[37,31784,7790],{"class":59},[37,31786,821],{"class":55},[37,31788,3013],{"class":51},[37,31790,815],{"class":55},[37,31792,1646],{"class":59},[37,31794,821],{"class":55},[37,31796,65],{"class":51},[37,31798,815],{"class":55},[37,31800,9415],{"class":59},[37,31802,821],{"class":55},[37,31804,3013],{"class":51},[37,31806,219],{"class":122},[37,31808,9424],{"class":51},[20,31810,16765],{},[28,31812,31814],{"className":30,"code":31813,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31815,31816,31840,31862,31866],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31817,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31819,13314],{"class":43},[37,31821,48],{"class":47},[37,31823,10605],{"class":51},[37,31825,56],{"class":55},[37,31827,7790],{"class":59},[37,31829,56],{"class":55},[37,31831,3013],{"class":51},[37,31833,68],{"class":55},[37,31835,1646],{"class":59},[37,31837,56],{"class":55},[37,31839,9424],{"class":51},[37,31841,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31843,17416],{"class":43},[37,31845,292],{"class":51},[37,31847,30572],{"class":102},[37,31849,5651],{"class":51},[37,31851,56],{"class":55},[37,31853,9415],{"class":59},[37,31855,56],{"class":55},[37,31857,3013],{"class":51},[37,31859,219],{"class":122},[37,31861,30604],{"class":51},[37,31863,31864],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,31865,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,31867,31868,31870,31872,31874],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,31869,92],{"class":91},[37,31871,95],{"class":51},[37,31873,17416],{"class":102},[37,31875,85],{"class":51},[20,31877,112],{},[28,31879,31881],{"className":30,"code":31880,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31882,31883],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31884,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31886,9394],{"class":51},[37,31888,821],{"class":55},[37,31890,7790],{"class":59},[37,31892,821],{"class":55},[37,31894,3013],{"class":51},[37,31896,815],{"class":55},[37,31898,1646],{"class":59},[37,31900,821],{"class":55},[37,31902,65],{"class":51},[37,31904,815],{"class":55},[37,31906,9415],{"class":59},[37,31908,821],{"class":55},[37,31910,3013],{"class":51},[37,31912,219],{"class":122},[37,31914,9424],{"class":51},[20,31916,31917,31918,292],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[285,31919,18012],{"href":10846},[130,31921,5080,31923],{"id":31922},"when-to-use-update",[15,31924,15064],{},[20,31926,22,31927,10716],{},[15,31928,15064],{},[135,31930,31931,31934,31937,31940],{},[138,31932,31933],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[138,31935,31936],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[138,31938,31939],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[138,31941,31942],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31944,31945],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[28,31947,31949],{"className":30,"code":31948,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31950,31951,31987,32002,32006,32045,32049,32059],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,31952,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,31954,12198],{"class":43},[37,31956,48],{"class":47},[37,31958,10605],{"class":51},[37,31960,56],{"class":55},[37,31962,7790],{"class":59},[37,31964,56],{"class":55},[37,31966,3013],{"class":51},[37,31968,68],{"class":55},[37,31970,1646],{"class":59},[37,31972,56],{"class":55},[37,31974,65],{"class":51},[37,31976,68],{"class":55},[37,31978,9415],{"class":59},[37,31980,56],{"class":55},[37,31982,3013],{"class":51},[37,31984,219],{"class":122},[37,31986,9424],{"class":51},[37,31988,31989,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,31990,31991],{"class":43},"updated ",[37,31993,48],{"class":47},[37,31995,12273],{"class":43},[37,31997,292],{"class":51},[37,31999,13023],{"class":102},[37,32001,8761],{"class":51},[37,32003,32004],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,32005,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,32007,32008,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,32009,32010],{"class":43},"updated",[37,32012,292],{"class":51},[37,32014,30572],{"class":102},[37,32016,5651],{"class":51},[37,32018,56],{"class":55},[37,32020,9415],{"class":59},[37,32022,56],{"class":55},[37,32024,3013],{"class":51},[37,32026,30585],{"class":122},[37,32028,65],{"class":51},[37,32030,68],{"class":55},[37,32032,10523],{"class":59},[37,32034,56],{"class":55},[37,32036,3013],{"class":51},[37,32038,68],{"class":55},[37,32040,16140],{"class":59},[37,32042,56],{"class":55},[37,32044,30604],{"class":51},[37,32046,32047],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,32048,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,32050,32051,32053,32055,32057],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,32052,92],{"class":91},[37,32054,95],{"class":51},[37,32056,12245],{"class":102},[37,32058,85],{"class":51},[37,32060,32061,32063,32065,32067],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,32062,92],{"class":91},[37,32064,95],{"class":51},[37,32066,32010],{"class":102},[37,32068,85],{"class":51},[20,32070,112],{},[28,32072,32074],{"className":30,"code":32073,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32075,32076,32108],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32077,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32079,9394],{"class":51},[37,32081,821],{"class":55},[37,32083,7790],{"class":59},[37,32085,821],{"class":55},[37,32087,3013],{"class":51},[37,32089,815],{"class":55},[37,32091,1646],{"class":59},[37,32093,821],{"class":55},[37,32095,65],{"class":51},[37,32097,815],{"class":55},[37,32099,9415],{"class":59},[37,32101,821],{"class":55},[37,32103,3013],{"class":51},[37,32105,219],{"class":122},[37,32107,9424],{"class":51},[37,32109,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32111,9394],{"class":51},[37,32113,821],{"class":55},[37,32115,7790],{"class":59},[37,32117,821],{"class":55},[37,32119,3013],{"class":51},[37,32121,815],{"class":55},[37,32123,1646],{"class":59},[37,32125,821],{"class":55},[37,32127,65],{"class":51},[37,32129,815],{"class":55},[37,32131,9415],{"class":59},[37,32133,821],{"class":55},[37,32135,3013],{"class":51},[37,32137,30585],{"class":122},[37,32139,65],{"class":51},[37,32141,815],{"class":55},[37,32143,10523],{"class":59},[37,32145,821],{"class":55},[37,32147,3013],{"class":51},[37,32149,815],{"class":55},[37,32151,16140],{"class":59},[37,32153,821],{"class":55},[37,32155,9424],{"class":51},[20,32157,32158,32159,292],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[285,32160,16707],{"href":16706},[130,32162,1854],{"id":1853},[20,32164,10863,32165,3013],{},[15,32166,15064],{},[135,32168,32169,32176,32180,32183,32186],{},[138,32170,12707,32171,32173,32174],{},[15,32172,15064],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32175,3904],{},[138,32177,1880,32178,12715],{},[15,32179,15064],{},[138,32181,32182],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[138,32184,32185],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[138,32187,32188],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32190,1889],{},[28,32192,32194],{"className":30,"code":32193,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32195,32196,32206,32220,32234,32256],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32197,32198,32200,32202,32204],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32199,92],{"class":91},[37,32201,95],{"class":51},[37,32203,11565],{"class":102},[37,32205,85],{"class":51},[37,32207,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32209,92],{"class":91},[37,32211,95],{"class":51},[37,32213,757],{"class":756},[37,32215,95],{"class":51},[37,32217,543],{"class":102},[37,32219,106],{"class":51},[37,32221,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,32223,92],{"class":91},[37,32225,95],{"class":51},[37,32227,8213],{"class":756},[37,32229,95],{"class":51},[37,32231,543],{"class":102},[37,32233,106],{"class":51},[37,32235,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,32237,92],{"class":91},[37,32239,95],{"class":51},[37,32241,11565],{"class":102},[37,32243,292],{"class":51},[37,32245,19858],{"class":102},[37,32247,95],{"class":51},[37,32249,821],{"class":55},[37,32251,14951],{"class":59},[37,32253,821],{"class":55},[37,32255,106],{"class":51},[37,32257,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,32259,1937],{"class":91},[37,32261,95],{"class":51},[37,32263,8940],{"class":756},[37,32265,292],{"class":51},[37,32267,30572],{"class":24857},[37,32269,85],{"class":51},[20,32271,32272],{},"These can help you check:",[135,32274,32275,32278,32283,32286,32289],{},[138,32276,32277],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[138,32279,32280,32281],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32282,15064],{},[138,32284,32285],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[138,32287,32288],{},"Whether a key exists",[138,32290,32291],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32293,32294,32295,292],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[285,32296,11377],{"href":11190},[130,32298,1969],{"id":1968},[307,32300,1983,32302,32304],{"id":32301},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32303,15064],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32306,32307,32308,292],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32309,3904],{},[307,32311,1983,32313,32315],{"id":32312},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32314,15064],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32317,32318],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[307,32320,5290,32322,32324],{"id":32321},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32323,15064],{}," add new keys?",[20,32326,32327],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[307,32329,28435,32331,32333],{"id":32330},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32332,15064],{}," with a list?",[20,32335,32336,32337,292],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32338,11210],{},[307,32340,5300,32342,32344],{"id":32341},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32343,15064],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32346,32347,32348,32350],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32349,15064],{}," can change many keys at once.",[130,32352,2025],{"id":2024},[135,32354,32355,32359,32363,32368,32372],{},[138,32356,32357],{},[285,32358,26201],{"href":9506},[138,32360,32361],{},[285,32362,11366],{"href":10846},[138,32364,32365],{},[285,32366,32367],{"href":31194},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[138,32369,32370],{},[285,32371,21564],{"href":16706},[138,32373,32374],{},[285,32375,11377],{"href":11190},[2052,32377,32378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":32380},[32381,32382,32384,32385,32387,32389,32390,32391,32393,32394,32406],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":30627,"depth":88,"text":32383},"What update() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":30987,"depth":88,"text":32386},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31198,"depth":88,"text":32388},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31439,"depth":88,"text":31440},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":31922,"depth":88,"text":32392},"When to use update()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":32395},[32396,32398,32400,32402,32404],{"id":32301,"depth":251,"text":32397},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32312,"depth":251,"text":32399},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32321,"depth":251,"text":32401},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32330,"depth":251,"text":32403},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32341,"depth":251,"text":32405},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30505,"description":32407},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32413,"title":32414,"body":32415,"description":34403,"extension":2099,"meta":34404,"navigation":254,"path":23001,"seo":34405,"stem":34406,"__hash__":34407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32416,"toc":34366},[32417,32422,32429,32432,32434,32533,32535,32590,32595,32600,32614,32619,32621,32636,32638,32652,32665,32670,32676,32683,32685,32792,32794,32843,32849,32924,32926,32947,32949,32952,33057,33059,33114,33116,33144,33148,33153,33232,33234,33254,33256,33267,33277,33281,33286,33389,33391,33416,33419,33430,33435,33444,33447,33464,33466,33553,33555,33618,33620,33643,33645,33650,33656,33661,33663,33702,33708,33711,33730,33741,33747,33750,33823,33825,33844,33849,33852,33875,33881,33884,33948,33951,34028,34035,34038,34097,34103,34105,34124,34128,34131,34182,34185,34205,34207,34268,34270,34275,34280,34285,34290,34295,34300,34306,34309,34318,34326,34328,34363],[10,32418,11433,32420,11437],{"id":32419},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32421,17180],{},[20,32423,32424,32425,32428],{},"The Python ",[15,32426,32427],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32430,32431],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[130,32433,2140],{"id":2139},[28,32435,32437],{"className":30,"code":32436,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32438,32439,32491,32505,32509,32519],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32440,32441,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32442,12976],{"class":43},[37,32444,48],{"class":47},[37,32446,10605],{"class":51},[37,32448,56],{"class":55},[37,32450,7790],{"class":59},[37,32452,56],{"class":55},[37,32454,3013],{"class":51},[37,32456,68],{"class":55},[37,32458,1646],{"class":59},[37,32460,56],{"class":55},[37,32462,65],{"class":51},[37,32464,68],{"class":55},[37,32466,9415],{"class":59},[37,32468,56],{"class":55},[37,32470,3013],{"class":51},[37,32472,219],{"class":122},[37,32474,65],{"class":51},[37,32476,68],{"class":55},[37,32478,10523],{"class":59},[37,32480,56],{"class":55},[37,32482,3013],{"class":51},[37,32484,68],{"class":55},[37,32486,16140],{"class":59},[37,32488,56],{"class":55},[37,32490,9424],{"class":51},[37,32492,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32494,1111],{"class":43},[37,32496,48],{"class":47},[37,32498,13018],{"class":43},[37,32500,292],{"class":51},[37,32502,1160],{"class":102},[37,32504,8761],{"class":51},[37,32506,32507],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,32508,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,32510,32511,32513,32515,32517],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,32512,92],{"class":91},[37,32514,95],{"class":51},[37,32516,1160],{"class":102},[37,32518,85],{"class":51},[37,32520,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,32522,92],{"class":91},[37,32524,95],{"class":51},[37,32526,8213],{"class":756},[37,32528,95],{"class":51},[37,32530,1160],{"class":102},[37,32532,106],{"class":51},[20,32534,112],{},[28,32536,32538],{"className":30,"code":32537,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32539,32540,32566],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32541,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32543,17147],{"class":102},[37,32545,3115],{"class":51},[37,32547,821],{"class":55},[37,32549,1646],{"class":59},[37,32551,821],{"class":55},[37,32553,65],{"class":51},[37,32555,219],{"class":122},[37,32557,65],{"class":51},[37,32559,815],{"class":55},[37,32561,16140],{"class":59},[37,32563,821],{"class":55},[37,32565,530],{"class":51},[37,32567,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32569,1067],{"class":51},[37,32571,821],{"class":55},[37,32573,1646],{"class":59},[37,32575,821],{"class":55},[37,32577,65],{"class":51},[37,32579,219],{"class":122},[37,32581,65],{"class":51},[37,32583,815],{"class":55},[37,32585,16140],{"class":59},[37,32587,821],{"class":55},[37,32589,3760],{"class":51},[20,32591,32592,32594],{},[15,32593,17180],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[130,32596,296,32598,3805],{"id":32597},"what-values-does",[15,32599,17180],{},[135,32601,32602,32605,32608,32611],{},[138,32603,32604],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[138,32606,32607],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[138,32609,32610],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[138,32612,32613],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32615,32616,32617,292],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[285,32618,9507],{"href":9506},[130,32620,159],{"id":158},[28,32622,32624],{"className":30,"code":32623,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32625,32626],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32627,32628,32630,32632,32634],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32629,11565],{"class":43},[37,32631,292],{"class":51},[37,32633,1160],{"class":102},[37,32635,8761],{"class":51},[20,32637,13164],{},[135,32639,32640,32644,32647],{},[138,32641,32642,11580],{},[15,32643,17180],{},[138,32645,32646],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[138,32648,32649,32650],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32651,17180],{},[20,32653,32654,32655,851,32660,292],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[285,32656,32657,32659],{"href":17171},[15,32658,17174],{}," for dictionary keys",[285,32661,32662,32664],{"href":17184},[15,32663,17187],{}," for key-value pairs",[130,32666,296,32668,149],{"id":32667},"what-values-returns",[15,32669,17180],{},[20,32671,32672,22082,32674,24871],{},[15,32673,17180],{},[15,32675,17147],{},[20,32677,32678,32679,32682],{},"This object is a ",[110,32680,32681],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32684,197],{},[28,32686,32688],{"className":30,"code":32687,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32689,32690,32726,32730,32745,32756,32760,32782],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32691,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32693,13314],{"class":43},[37,32695,48],{"class":47},[37,32697,10605],{"class":51},[37,32699,56],{"class":55},[37,32701,7790],{"class":59},[37,32703,56],{"class":55},[37,32705,3013],{"class":51},[37,32707,68],{"class":55},[37,32709,8041],{"class":59},[37,32711,56],{"class":55},[37,32713,65],{"class":51},[37,32715,68],{"class":55},[37,32717,9415],{"class":59},[37,32719,56],{"class":55},[37,32721,3013],{"class":51},[37,32723,1653],{"class":122},[37,32725,9424],{"class":51},[37,32727,32728],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32729,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,32731,32732,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,32733,32734],{"class":43},"values_view ",[37,32736,48],{"class":47},[37,32738,13357],{"class":43},[37,32740,292],{"class":51},[37,32742,1160],{"class":102},[37,32744,8761],{"class":51},[37,32746,32747,32749,32751,32754],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,32748,92],{"class":91},[37,32750,95],{"class":51},[37,32752,32753],{"class":102},"values_view",[37,32755,85],{"class":51},[37,32757,32758],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,32759,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,32761,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,32763,17416],{"class":43},[37,32765,1067],{"class":51},[37,32767,56],{"class":55},[37,32769,10523],{"class":59},[37,32771,56],{"class":55},[37,32773,13383],{"class":51},[37,32775,1342],{"class":47},[37,32777,68],{"class":55},[37,32779,30751],{"class":59},[37,32781,3484],{"class":55},[37,32783,32784,32786,32788,32790],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,32785,92],{"class":91},[37,32787,95],{"class":51},[37,32789,32753],{"class":102},[37,32791,85],{"class":51},[20,32793,112],{},[28,32795,32797],{"className":30,"code":32796,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32798,32799,32817],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32800,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32802,17147],{"class":102},[37,32804,3115],{"class":51},[37,32806,821],{"class":55},[37,32808,8041],{"class":59},[37,32810,821],{"class":55},[37,32812,65],{"class":51},[37,32814,1653],{"class":122},[37,32816,530],{"class":51},[37,32818,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32820,17147],{"class":102},[37,32822,3115],{"class":51},[37,32824,821],{"class":55},[37,32826,8041],{"class":59},[37,32828,821],{"class":55},[37,32830,65],{"class":51},[37,32832,1653],{"class":122},[37,32834,65],{"class":51},[37,32836,815],{"class":55},[37,32838,30751],{"class":59},[37,32840,821],{"class":55},[37,32842,530],{"class":51},[20,32844,32845,32846,292],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32847,32848],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[28,32850,32852],{"className":30,"code":32851,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32853,32854,32890,32909,32913],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32857,13314],{"class":43},[37,32859,48],{"class":47},[37,32861,10605],{"class":51},[37,32863,56],{"class":55},[37,32865,7790],{"class":59},[37,32867,56],{"class":55},[37,32869,3013],{"class":51},[37,32871,68],{"class":55},[37,32873,8041],{"class":59},[37,32875,56],{"class":55},[37,32877,65],{"class":51},[37,32879,68],{"class":55},[37,32881,9415],{"class":59},[37,32883,56],{"class":55},[37,32885,3013],{"class":51},[37,32887,1653],{"class":122},[37,32889,9424],{"class":51},[37,32891,32892,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,32893,32894],{"class":43},"values_list ",[37,32896,48],{"class":47},[37,32898,22666],{"class":756},[37,32900,95],{"class":51},[37,32902,17416],{"class":102},[37,32904,292],{"class":51},[37,32906,1160],{"class":102},[37,32908,7315],{"class":51},[37,32910,32911],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,32912,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,32914,32915,32917,32919,32922],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,32916,92],{"class":91},[37,32918,95],{"class":51},[37,32920,32921],{"class":102},"values_list",[37,32923,85],{"class":51},[20,32925,112],{},[28,32927,32929],{"className":30,"code":32928,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32930,32931],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32932,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32934,1067],{"class":51},[37,32936,821],{"class":55},[37,32938,8041],{"class":59},[37,32940,821],{"class":55},[37,32942,65],{"class":51},[37,32944,1653],{"class":122},[37,32946,3760],{"class":51},[130,32948,11590],{"id":11589},[20,32950,32951],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[28,32953,32955],{"className":30,"code":32954,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32956,32957,33011,33015,33029,33033,33043],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,32958,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32992,32994,32996,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,32960,24903],{"class":43},[37,32962,48],{"class":47},[37,32964,10605],{"class":51},[37,32966,56],{"class":55},[37,32968,24912],{"class":59},[37,32970,56],{"class":55},[37,32972,3013],{"class":51},[37,32974,68],{"class":55},[37,32976,24921],{"class":59},[37,32978,56],{"class":55},[37,32980,65],{"class":51},[37,32982,68],{"class":55},[37,32984,24930],{"class":59},[37,32986,56],{"class":55},[37,32988,3013],{"class":51},[37,32990,32991],{"class":122}," 2022",[37,32993,65],{"class":51},[37,32995,68],{"class":55},[37,32997,32998],{"class":59},"color",[37,33000,56],{"class":55},[37,33002,3013],{"class":51},[37,33004,68],{"class":55},[37,33006,80],{"class":59},[37,33008,56],{"class":55},[37,33010,9424],{"class":51},[37,33012,33013],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33014,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33016,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33018,2362],{"class":43},[37,33020,48],{"class":47},[37,33022,24952],{"class":43},[37,33024,292],{"class":51},[37,33026,1160],{"class":102},[37,33028,8761],{"class":51},[37,33030,33031],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,33032,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33034,33035,33037,33039,33041],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,33036,92],{"class":91},[37,33038,95],{"class":51},[37,33040,2397],{"class":102},[37,33042,85],{"class":51},[37,33044,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,33046,92],{"class":91},[37,33048,95],{"class":51},[37,33050,8213],{"class":756},[37,33052,95],{"class":51},[37,33054,2397],{"class":102},[37,33056,106],{"class":51},[20,33058,112],{},[28,33060,33062],{"className":30,"code":33061,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33063,33064,33090],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33065,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33067,17147],{"class":102},[37,33069,3115],{"class":51},[37,33071,821],{"class":55},[37,33073,24921],{"class":59},[37,33075,821],{"class":55},[37,33077,65],{"class":51},[37,33079,32991],{"class":122},[37,33081,65],{"class":51},[37,33083,815],{"class":55},[37,33085,80],{"class":59},[37,33087,821],{"class":55},[37,33089,530],{"class":51},[37,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33093,1067],{"class":51},[37,33095,821],{"class":55},[37,33097,24921],{"class":59},[37,33099,821],{"class":55},[37,33101,65],{"class":51},[37,33103,32991],{"class":122},[37,33105,65],{"class":51},[37,33107,815],{"class":55},[37,33109,80],{"class":59},[37,33111,821],{"class":55},[37,33113,3760],{"class":51},[20,33115,11797],{},[135,33117,33118,33124,33130,33138],{},[138,33119,33120,33123],{},[15,33121,33122],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[138,33125,33126,33129],{},[15,33127,33128],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[138,33131,33132,33135,33136,24724],{},[15,33133,33134],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33137,17147],{},[138,33139,33140,33143],{},[15,33141,33142],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[130,33145,33147],{"id":33146},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33149,33150,33151,26170],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33152,1767],{},[28,33154,33156],{"className":30,"code":33155,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33157,33158,33202,33206,33222],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33159,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33161,5183],{"class":43},[37,33163,48],{"class":47},[37,33165,10605],{"class":51},[37,33167,56],{"class":55},[37,33169,18524],{"class":59},[37,33171,56],{"class":55},[37,33173,3013],{"class":51},[37,33175,20006],{"class":122},[37,33177,65],{"class":51},[37,33179,68],{"class":55},[37,33181,31261],{"class":59},[37,33183,56],{"class":55},[37,33185,3013],{"class":51},[37,33187,13616],{"class":122},[37,33189,65],{"class":51},[37,33191,68],{"class":55},[37,33193,18533],{"class":59},[37,33195,56],{"class":55},[37,33197,3013],{"class":51},[37,33199,29027],{"class":122},[37,33201,9424],{"class":51},[37,33203,33204],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33205,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33209,1767],{"class":1483},[37,33211,21691],{"class":43},[37,33213,1773],{"class":1483},[37,33215,5230],{"class":43},[37,33217,292],{"class":51},[37,33219,1160],{"class":102},[37,33221,21702],{"class":51},[37,33223,33224,33226,33228,33230],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,33225,1506],{"class":91},[37,33227,95],{"class":51},[37,33229,1215],{"class":102},[37,33231,85],{"class":51},[20,33233,112],{},[28,33235,33237],{"className":30,"code":33236,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33238,33239,33244,33249],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33240,33241],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33242,33243],{"class":122},"90\n",[37,33245,33246],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33247,33248],{"class":122},"85\n",[37,33250,33251],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33252,33253],{"class":122},"88\n",[20,33255,17818],{},[135,33257,33258,33261,33264],{},[138,33259,33260],{},"You only need the values",[138,33262,33263],{},"You do not care about the keys",[138,33265,33266],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33268,33269,33270,3006,33274,292],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[285,33271,10852,33272,10856],{"href":17184},[15,33273,17187],{},[285,33275,22582],{"href":33276},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[130,33278,33280],{"id":33279},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33282,22,33283,33285],{},[15,33284,32848],{}," when you need a list.",[28,33287,33289],{"className":30,"code":33288,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33290,33291,33336,33340,33360,33364,33375],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33292,33293,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33294,33295],{"class":43},"fruit_prices ",[37,33297,48],{"class":47},[37,33299,10605],{"class":51},[37,33301,56],{"class":55},[37,33303,329],{"class":59},[37,33305,56],{"class":55},[37,33307,3013],{"class":51},[37,33309,890],{"class":122},[37,33311,65],{"class":51},[37,33313,68],{"class":55},[37,33315,338],{"class":59},[37,33317,56],{"class":55},[37,33319,3013],{"class":51},[37,33321,5619],{"class":122},[37,33323,65],{"class":51},[37,33325,68],{"class":55},[37,33327,347],{"class":59},[37,33329,56],{"class":55},[37,33331,3013],{"class":51},[37,33333,513],{"class":122},[37,33335,9424],{"class":51},[37,33337,33338],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33339,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33341,33342,33345,33347,33349,33351,33354,33356,33358],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33343,33344],{"class":43},"price_list ",[37,33346,48],{"class":47},[37,33348,22666],{"class":756},[37,33350,95],{"class":51},[37,33352,33353],{"class":102},"fruit_prices",[37,33355,292],{"class":51},[37,33357,1160],{"class":102},[37,33359,7315],{"class":51},[37,33361,33362],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,33363,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33365,33366,33368,33370,33373],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,33367,92],{"class":91},[37,33369,95],{"class":51},[37,33371,33372],{"class":102},"price_list",[37,33374,85],{"class":51},[37,33376,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,33378,92],{"class":91},[37,33380,95],{"class":51},[37,33382,33372],{"class":102},[37,33384,1067],{"class":51},[37,33386,1070],{"class":122},[37,33388,530],{"class":51},[20,33390,112],{},[28,33392,33394],{"className":30,"code":33393,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33395,33396,33412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33397,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33399,1067],{"class":51},[37,33401,508],{"class":122},[37,33403,65],{"class":51},[37,33405,5619],{"class":122},[37,33407,65],{"class":51},[37,33409,513],{"class":122},[37,33411,3760],{"class":51},[37,33413,33414],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33415,1008],{"class":122},[20,33417,33418],{},"This is helpful for:",[135,33420,33421,33424,33427],{},[138,33422,33423],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[138,33425,33426],{},"Accessing values by index",[138,33428,33429],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33431,4048,33432,33434],{},[15,33433,17147],{}," is not the same as a list.",[130,33436,33438,10700,33440,10700,33442],{"id":33437},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33439,17180],{},[15,33441,17174],{},[15,33443,17187],{},[20,33445,33446],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[135,33448,33449,33454,33459],{},[138,33450,33451,33453],{},[15,33452,17180],{}," returns only the values",[138,33455,33456,33458],{},[15,33457,17174],{}," returns only the keys",[138,33460,33461,33463],{},[15,33462,17187],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33465,2260],{},[28,33467,33469],{"className":30,"code":33468,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33470,33471,33507,33511,33525,33539],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33472,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33474,12976],{"class":43},[37,33476,48],{"class":47},[37,33478,10605],{"class":51},[37,33480,56],{"class":55},[37,33482,7790],{"class":59},[37,33484,56],{"class":55},[37,33486,3013],{"class":51},[37,33488,68],{"class":55},[37,33490,1646],{"class":59},[37,33492,56],{"class":55},[37,33494,65],{"class":51},[37,33496,68],{"class":55},[37,33498,9415],{"class":59},[37,33500,56],{"class":55},[37,33502,3013],{"class":51},[37,33504,219],{"class":122},[37,33506,9424],{"class":51},[37,33508,33509],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33510,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33514,92],{"class":91},[37,33516,95],{"class":51},[37,33518,13735],{"class":102},[37,33520,292],{"class":51},[37,33522,17033],{"class":102},[37,33524,7315],{"class":51},[37,33526,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,33528,92],{"class":91},[37,33530,95],{"class":51},[37,33532,13735],{"class":102},[37,33534,292],{"class":51},[37,33536,1160],{"class":102},[37,33538,7315],{"class":51},[37,33540,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,33542,92],{"class":91},[37,33544,95],{"class":51},[37,33546,13735],{"class":102},[37,33548,292],{"class":51},[37,33550,687],{"class":102},[37,33552,7315],{"class":51},[20,33554,112],{},[28,33556,33558],{"className":30,"code":33557,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33559,33560,33582,33600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33561,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33563,17124],{"class":102},[37,33565,3115],{"class":51},[37,33567,821],{"class":55},[37,33569,7790],{"class":59},[37,33571,821],{"class":55},[37,33573,65],{"class":51},[37,33575,815],{"class":55},[37,33577,9415],{"class":59},[37,33579,821],{"class":55},[37,33581,530],{"class":51},[37,33583,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33585,17147],{"class":102},[37,33587,3115],{"class":51},[37,33589,821],{"class":55},[37,33591,1646],{"class":59},[37,33593,821],{"class":55},[37,33595,65],{"class":51},[37,33597,219],{"class":122},[37,33599,530],{"class":51},[37,33601,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33603,22015],{"class":102},[37,33605,9773],{"class":51},[37,33607,821],{"class":55},[37,33609,7790],{"class":59},[37,33611,821],{"class":55},[37,33613,65],{"class":51},[37,33615,219],{"class":122},[37,33617,10794],{"class":51},[20,33619,18802],{},[135,33621,33622,33629,33636],{},[138,33623,33624,33628],{},[285,33625,33626],{"href":17171},[15,33627,17174],{}," when you need just the keys",[138,33630,33631,33635],{},[285,33632,33633],{"href":17177},[15,33634,17180],{}," when you need just the values",[138,33637,33638,33642],{},[285,33639,33640],{"href":17184},[15,33641,17187],{}," when you need both",[130,33644,155],{"id":4638},[20,33646,33647,33648,292],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33649,17180],{},[307,33651,29757,33653,33655],{"id":33652},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33654,17180],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33657,33658,33660],{},[15,33659,17180],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33662,16753],{},[28,33664,33666],{"className":30,"code":33665,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33667,33668,33688],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33669,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33671,8426],{"class":43},[37,33673,48],{"class":47},[37,33675,519],{"class":51},[37,33677,501],{"class":122},[37,33679,65],{"class":51},[37,33681,890],{"class":122},[37,33683,65],{"class":51},[37,33685,513],{"class":122},[37,33687,3760],{"class":51},[37,33689,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33691,92],{"class":91},[37,33693,95],{"class":51},[37,33695,8457],{"class":102},[37,33697,292],{"class":51},[37,33699,1160],{"class":102},[37,33701,7315],{"class":51},[20,33703,33704,33705,33707],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33706,17180],{}," method.",[20,33709,33710],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[28,33712,33714],{"className":30,"code":33713,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33715,33716],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33719,92],{"class":91},[37,33721,95],{"class":51},[37,33723,757],{"class":756},[37,33725,95],{"class":51},[37,33727,8457],{"class":102},[37,33729,106],{"class":51},[20,33731,33732,33733,33735,33736,292],{},"If you get an ",[15,33734,25779],{},", see ",[285,33737,25787,33738,33740],{"href":25786},[15,33739,25790],{}," errors",[307,33742,4699,33744,33746],{"id":33743},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33745,17180],{}," returns a list",[20,33748,33749],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[28,33751,33753],{"className":30,"code":33752,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33754,33755,33791,33805,33809],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33756,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33758,12976],{"class":43},[37,33760,48],{"class":47},[37,33762,10605],{"class":51},[37,33764,56],{"class":55},[37,33766,7790],{"class":59},[37,33768,56],{"class":55},[37,33770,3013],{"class":51},[37,33772,68],{"class":55},[37,33774,1646],{"class":59},[37,33776,56],{"class":55},[37,33778,65],{"class":51},[37,33780,68],{"class":55},[37,33782,9415],{"class":59},[37,33784,56],{"class":55},[37,33786,3013],{"class":51},[37,33788,219],{"class":122},[37,33790,9424],{"class":51},[37,33792,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33794,1111],{"class":43},[37,33796,48],{"class":47},[37,33798,13018],{"class":43},[37,33800,292],{"class":51},[37,33802,1160],{"class":102},[37,33804,8761],{"class":51},[37,33806,33807],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33808,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33810,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,33812,92],{"class":91},[37,33814,95],{"class":51},[37,33816,757],{"class":756},[37,33818,95],{"class":51},[37,33820,1160],{"class":102},[37,33822,106],{"class":51},[20,33824,112],{},[28,33826,33828],{"className":30,"code":33827,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33829,33830],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33831,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33833,808],{"class":47},[37,33835,812],{"class":811},[37,33837,815],{"class":55},[37,33839,17147],{"class":59},[37,33841,821],{"class":55},[37,33843,824],{"class":47},[20,33845,5268,33846,33848],{},[15,33847,17147],{},", not a list.",[20,33850,33851],{},"If you need a list:",[28,33853,33855],{"className":30,"code":33854,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33856,33857],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33858,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33860,1111],{"class":43},[37,33862,48],{"class":47},[37,33864,22666],{"class":756},[37,33866,95],{"class":51},[37,33868,13735],{"class":102},[37,33870,292],{"class":51},[37,33872,1160],{"class":102},[37,33874,7315],{"class":51},[307,33876,33878,33879],{"id":33877},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33880,17147],{},[20,33882,33883],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[28,33885,33887],{"className":30,"code":33886,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33888,33889,33925,33939,33943],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33890,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33892,12976],{"class":43},[37,33894,48],{"class":47},[37,33896,10605],{"class":51},[37,33898,56],{"class":55},[37,33900,7790],{"class":59},[37,33902,56],{"class":55},[37,33904,3013],{"class":51},[37,33906,68],{"class":55},[37,33908,1646],{"class":59},[37,33910,56],{"class":55},[37,33912,65],{"class":51},[37,33914,68],{"class":55},[37,33916,9415],{"class":59},[37,33918,56],{"class":55},[37,33920,3013],{"class":51},[37,33922,219],{"class":122},[37,33924,9424],{"class":51},[37,33926,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33928,1111],{"class":43},[37,33930,48],{"class":47},[37,33932,13018],{"class":43},[37,33934,292],{"class":51},[37,33936,1160],{"class":102},[37,33938,8761],{"class":51},[37,33940,33941],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,33942,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,33944,33945],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,33946,33947],{"class":3788},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33949,33950],{},"Convert to a list first:",[28,33952,33954],{"className":30,"code":33953,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33955,33956,33992,34010,34014],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,33957,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,33959,12976],{"class":43},[37,33961,48],{"class":47},[37,33963,10605],{"class":51},[37,33965,56],{"class":55},[37,33967,7790],{"class":59},[37,33969,56],{"class":55},[37,33971,3013],{"class":51},[37,33973,68],{"class":55},[37,33975,1646],{"class":59},[37,33977,56],{"class":55},[37,33979,65],{"class":51},[37,33981,68],{"class":55},[37,33983,9415],{"class":59},[37,33985,56],{"class":55},[37,33987,3013],{"class":51},[37,33989,219],{"class":122},[37,33991,9424],{"class":51},[37,33993,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,33995,1111],{"class":43},[37,33997,48],{"class":47},[37,33999,22666],{"class":756},[37,34001,95],{"class":51},[37,34003,13735],{"class":102},[37,34005,292],{"class":51},[37,34007,1160],{"class":102},[37,34009,7315],{"class":51},[37,34011,34012],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,34013,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,34015,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,34017,92],{"class":91},[37,34019,95],{"class":51},[37,34021,1160],{"class":102},[37,34023,1067],{"class":51},[37,34025,1070],{"class":122},[37,34027,530],{"class":51},[307,34029,1872,34031,1866,34033],{"id":34030},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34032,1160],{},[15,34034,17180],{},[20,34036,34037],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[28,34039,34041],{"className":30,"code":34040,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34042,34043,34079,34083],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34044,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34046,12976],{"class":43},[37,34048,48],{"class":47},[37,34050,10605],{"class":51},[37,34052,56],{"class":55},[37,34054,7790],{"class":59},[37,34056,56],{"class":55},[37,34058,3013],{"class":51},[37,34060,68],{"class":55},[37,34062,1646],{"class":59},[37,34064,56],{"class":55},[37,34066,65],{"class":51},[37,34068,68],{"class":55},[37,34070,9415],{"class":59},[37,34072,56],{"class":55},[37,34074,3013],{"class":51},[37,34076,219],{"class":122},[37,34078,9424],{"class":51},[37,34080,34081],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34082,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,34084,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,34086,92],{"class":91},[37,34088,95],{"class":51},[37,34090,13735],{"class":102},[37,34092,292],{"class":51},[37,34094,1160],{"class":24857},[37,34096,85],{"class":51},[20,34098,34099,34102],{},[15,34100,34101],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34104,18802],{},[28,34106,34108],{"className":30,"code":34107,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34109,34110],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34111,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34113,92],{"class":91},[37,34115,95],{"class":51},[37,34117,13735],{"class":102},[37,34119,292],{"class":51},[37,34121,1160],{"class":102},[37,34123,7315],{"class":51},[307,34125,34127],{"id":34126},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34129,34130],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[28,34132,34134],{"className":30,"code":34133,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34135,34136,34168],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34137,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34139,494],{"class":43},[37,34141,48],{"class":47},[37,34143,10605],{"class":51},[37,34145,56],{"class":55},[37,34147,285],{"class":59},[37,34149,56],{"class":55},[37,34151,3013],{"class":51},[37,34153,5619],{"class":122},[37,34155,65],{"class":51},[37,34157,68],{"class":55},[37,34159,777],{"class":59},[37,34161,56],{"class":55},[37,34163,3013],{"class":51},[37,34165,890],{"class":122},[37,34167,9424],{"class":51},[37,34169,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34171,92],{"class":91},[37,34173,95],{"class":51},[37,34175,543],{"class":102},[37,34177,292],{"class":51},[37,34179,1160],{"class":102},[37,34181,7315],{"class":51},[20,34183,34184],{},"Not like this:",[28,34186,34188],{"className":30,"code":34187,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34189,34190,34195,34200],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34191,34192],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34193,34194],{"class":3788},"# Wrong examples:\n",[37,34196,34197],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34198,34199],{"class":3788},"# data().values()\n",[37,34201,34202],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,34203,34204],{"class":3788},"# values(data)\n",[20,34206,3465],{},[28,34208,34210],{"className":30,"code":34209,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34211,34212,34226,34236,34250],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34213,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34215,92],{"class":91},[37,34217,95],{"class":51},[37,34219,757],{"class":756},[37,34221,95],{"class":51},[37,34223,11565],{"class":102},[37,34225,106],{"class":51},[37,34227,34228,34230,34232,34234],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34229,92],{"class":91},[37,34231,95],{"class":51},[37,34233,11565],{"class":102},[37,34235,85],{"class":51},[37,34237,34238,34240,34242,34244,34246,34248],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,34239,92],{"class":91},[37,34241,95],{"class":51},[37,34243,11565],{"class":102},[37,34245,292],{"class":51},[37,34247,1160],{"class":102},[37,34249,7315],{"class":51},[37,34251,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,34253,92],{"class":91},[37,34255,95],{"class":51},[37,34257,8213],{"class":756},[37,34259,95],{"class":51},[37,34261,11565],{"class":102},[37,34263,292],{"class":51},[37,34265,1160],{"class":102},[37,34267,6411],{"class":51},[130,34269,1969],{"id":1968},[307,34271,5262,34273,5265],{"id":34272},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34274,32427],{},[20,34276,17531,34277,34279],{},[15,34278,17147],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[307,34281,1983,34283,24038],{"id":34282},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34284,17180],{},[20,34286,24041,34287,24045],{},[15,34288,34289],{},"list(...)",[307,34291,26162,34293,2623],{"id":34292},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34294,32427],{},[20,34296,34297,34298,26170],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34299,1767],{},[307,34301,1983,34303,34305],{"id":34302},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34304,32427],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34307,34308],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[307,34310,34312,34313,34315,34316,2623],{"id":34311},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34314,17180],{}," different from ",[15,34317,17187],{},[20,34319,34320,34322,34323,34325],{},[15,34321,17180],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34324,17187],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[130,34327,2025],{"id":2024},[135,34329,34330,34336,34342,34346,34352,34356],{},[138,34331,34332],{},[285,34333,10852,34334,10856],{"href":17171},[15,34335,17174],{},[138,34337,34338],{},[285,34339,10852,34340,10856],{"href":17184},[15,34341,17187],{},[138,34343,34344],{},[285,34345,11357],{"href":9506},[138,34347,34348],{},[285,34349,34351],{"href":34350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[138,34353,34354],{},[285,34355,24123],{"href":33276},[138,34357,34358],{},[285,34359,30455,34360],{"href":25786},[15,34361,34362],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2052,34364,34365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":34367},[34368,34369,34371,34372,34374,34375,34376,34377,34379,34390,34402],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":32597,"depth":88,"text":34370},"What values() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":32667,"depth":88,"text":34373},"What values() returns",{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":33146,"depth":88,"text":33147},{"id":33279,"depth":88,"text":33280},{"id":33437,"depth":88,"text":34378},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":34380},[34381,34383,34385,34387,34389],{"id":33652,"depth":251,"text":34382},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33743,"depth":251,"text":34384},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33877,"depth":251,"text":34386},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34030,"depth":251,"text":34388},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34126,"depth":251,"text":34127},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":34391},[34392,34394,34396,34398,34400],{"id":34272,"depth":251,"text":34393},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34282,"depth":251,"text":34395},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34292,"depth":251,"text":34397},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34302,"depth":251,"text":34399},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34311,"depth":251,"text":34401},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32414,"description":34403},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34409,"title":34410,"body":34411,"description":35842,"extension":2099,"meta":35843,"navigation":254,"path":35844,"seo":35845,"stem":35846,"__hash__":35847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34412,"toc":35794},[34413,34419,34424,34427,34443,34452,34454,34486,34492,34495,34590,34593,34598,34603,34606,34617,34619,34633,34639,34641,34646,34652,34655,34694,34702,34707,34710,34755,34758,34770,34776,34782,34786,34819,34822,34840,34843,34847,34886,34888,34908,34911,34923,34928,34934,34937,34992,34995,35006,35009,35020,35023,35027,35033,35035,35065,35068,35083,35086,35089,35108,35111,35127,35136,35138,35169,35175,35180,35183,35190,35221,35224,35246,35249,35252,35266,35270,35301,35316,35323,35330,35334,35342,35346,35354,35357,35406,35417,35419,35422,35428,35433,35443,35447,35450,35453,35457,35460,35462,35483,35487,35493,35504,35510,35512,35518,35542,35545,35608,35611,35639,35642,35704,35706,35711,35714,35721,35729,35736,35739,35747,35753,35755,35782,35791],[10,34414,288,34416,3704],{"id":34415},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34417,34418],{},"dir()",[20,34420,32424,34421,34423],{},[15,34422,34418],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34425,34426],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[135,34428,34429,34432,34435,34440],{},[138,34430,34431],{},"learning Python",[138,34433,34434],{},"exploring a new object",[138,34436,34437,34438],{},"debugging an ",[15,34439,25779],{},[138,34441,34442],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34444,34445,34446,34448,34449],{},"In short, ",[15,34447,34418],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[110,34450,34451],{},"“What can I use here?”",[130,34453,2140],{"id":2139},[28,34455,34457],{"className":30,"code":34456,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34458,34459,34471],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34460,34461,34463,34465,34467,34469],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34462,7996],{"class":43},[37,34464,48],{"class":47},[37,34466,68],{"class":55},[37,34468,3970],{"class":59},[37,34470,3484],{"class":55},[37,34472,34473,34475,34477,34480,34482,34484],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34474,92],{"class":91},[37,34476,95],{"class":51},[37,34478,34479],{"class":91},"dir",[37,34481,95],{"class":51},[37,34483,7790],{"class":102},[37,34485,106],{"class":51},[20,34487,22,34488,34491],{},[15,34489,34490],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34493,34494],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[28,34496,34498],{"className":30,"code":34497,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34499,34500],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34501,34502,34504,34506,34509,34511,34513,34515,34518,34520,34522,34524,34527,34529,34531,34533,34536,34538,34540,34542,34545,34547,34549,34551,34554,34556,34558,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574,34577,34579,34581,34583,34586,34588],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34503,1067],{"class":51},[37,34505,821],{"class":55},[37,34507,34508],{"class":59},"__add__",[37,34510,821],{"class":55},[37,34512,65],{"class":51},[37,34514,815],{"class":55},[37,34516,34517],{"class":59},"__class__",[37,34519,821],{"class":55},[37,34521,65],{"class":51},[37,34523,815],{"class":55},[37,34525,34526],{"class":59},"__contains__",[37,34528,821],{"class":55},[37,34530,65],{"class":51},[37,34532,815],{"class":55},[37,34534,34535],{"class":59},"__delattr__",[37,34537,821],{"class":55},[37,34539,65],{"class":51},[37,34541,815],{"class":55},[37,34543,34544],{"class":59},"__dir__",[37,34546,821],{"class":55},[37,34548,65],{"class":51},[37,34550,815],{"class":55},[37,34552,34553],{"class":59},"__doc__",[37,34555,821],{"class":55},[37,34557,65],{"class":51},[37,34559,34561],{"class":34560},"s_hVV"," ...",[37,34563,65],{"class":51},[37,34565,815],{"class":55},[37,34567,8758],{"class":59},[37,34569,821],{"class":55},[37,34571,65],{"class":51},[37,34573,815],{"class":55},[37,34575,34576],{"class":59},"split",[37,34578,821],{"class":55},[37,34580,65],{"class":51},[37,34582,815],{"class":55},[37,34584,34585],{"class":59},"upper",[37,34587,821],{"class":55},[37,34589,3760],{"class":51},[20,34591,34592],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[130,34594,296,34596,3805],{"id":34595},"what-dir-does",[15,34597,34418],{},[20,34599,34600,34602],{},[15,34601,34418],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34604,34605],{},"It usually includes:",[135,34607,34608,34611,34614],{},[138,34609,34610],{},"attributes",[138,34612,34613],{},"methods",[138,34615,34616],{},"special Python names",[20,34618,181],{},[135,34620,34621,34627,34630],{},[138,34622,34623,34624],{},"The result is a ",[110,34625,34626],{},"list of strings",[138,34628,34629],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[138,34631,34632],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34634,34635,34636,34638],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34637,34418],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[130,34640,159],{"id":158},[20,34642,34643,34645],{},[15,34644,34418],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[307,34647,34649,34651],{"id":34648},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34650,34418],{}," with no argument",[20,34653,34654],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[28,34656,34658],{"className":30,"code":34657,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34659,34660,34668,34680,34684],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34661,34662,34664,34666],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34663,3153],{"class":43},[37,34665,48],{"class":47},[37,34667,1345],{"class":122},[37,34669,34670,34672,34674,34676,34678],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34671,7996],{"class":43},[37,34673,48],{"class":47},[37,34675,68],{"class":55},[37,34677,7799],{"class":59},[37,34679,3484],{"class":55},[37,34681,34682],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,34683,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,34685,34686,34688,34690,34692],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,34687,92],{"class":91},[37,34689,95],{"class":51},[37,34691,34479],{"class":91},[37,34693,7315],{"class":51},[20,34695,34696,34697,851,34699,34701],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34698,900],{},[15,34700,7790],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[307,34703,34705],{"id":34704},"dirobject",[15,34706,34490],{},[20,34708,34709],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[28,34711,34713],{"className":30,"code":34712,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34714,34715,34733],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34716,34717,34719,34721,34723,34725,34727,34729,34731],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34718,92],{"class":91},[37,34720,95],{"class":51},[37,34722,34479],{"class":91},[37,34724,95],{"class":51},[37,34726,56],{"class":55},[37,34728,3970],{"class":59},[37,34730,56],{"class":55},[37,34732,106],{"class":51},[37,34734,34735,34737,34739,34741,34743,34745,34747,34749,34751,34753],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34736,92],{"class":91},[37,34738,95],{"class":51},[37,34740,34479],{"class":91},[37,34742,3115],{"class":51},[37,34744,501],{"class":122},[37,34746,65],{"class":51},[37,34748,890],{"class":122},[37,34750,65],{"class":51},[37,34752,513],{"class":122},[37,34754,1073],{"class":51},[20,34756,34757],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[135,34759,34760,34762,34764,34767],{},[138,34761,5430],{},[138,34763,5421],{},[138,34765,34766],{},"modules",[138,34768,34769],{},"custom objects",[130,34771,1872,34773,34775],{"id":34772},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34774,34418],{}," with a value",[20,34777,34778,34779,34781],{},"A common use of ",[15,34780,34418],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[307,34783,34785],{"id":34784},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[28,34787,34789],{"className":30,"code":34788,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34790,34791,34804],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34792,34793,34796,34798,34800,34802],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34794,34795],{"class":43},"text ",[37,34797,48],{"class":47},[37,34799,68],{"class":55},[37,34801,3970],{"class":59},[37,34803,3484],{"class":55},[37,34805,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814,34817],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34807,92],{"class":91},[37,34809,95],{"class":51},[37,34811,34479],{"class":91},[37,34813,95],{"class":51},[37,34815,34816],{"class":102},"text",[37,34818,106],{"class":51},[20,34820,34821],{},"You will see method names like:",[135,34823,34824,34828,34832,34836],{},[138,34825,34826],{},[15,34827,8758],{},[138,34829,34830],{},[15,34831,34585],{},[138,34833,34834],{},[15,34835,34576],{},[138,34837,34838],{},[15,34839,8752],{},[20,34841,34842],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[307,34844,34846],{"id":34845},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[28,34848,34850],{"className":30,"code":34849,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34851,34852,34872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34853,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864,34866,34868,34870],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34855,207],{"class":43},[37,34857,48],{"class":47},[37,34859,519],{"class":51},[37,34861,501],{"class":122},[37,34863,65],{"class":51},[37,34865,890],{"class":122},[37,34867,65],{"class":51},[37,34869,513],{"class":122},[37,34871,3760],{"class":51},[37,34873,34874,34876,34878,34880,34882,34884],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34875,92],{"class":91},[37,34877,95],{"class":51},[37,34879,34479],{"class":91},[37,34881,95],{"class":51},[37,34883,246],{"class":102},[37,34885,106],{"class":51},[20,34887,34821],{},[135,34889,34890,34894,34898,34903],{},[138,34891,34892],{},[15,34893,13662],{},[138,34895,34896],{},[15,34897,26347],{},[138,34899,34900],{},[15,34901,34902],{},"remove",[138,34904,34905],{},[15,34906,34907],{},"sort",[20,34909,34910],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34912,34913,34914,34919,34920,34922],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[285,34915,34917],{"href":34916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34918,2435],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34921,34418],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[130,34924,1872,34926,34651],{"id":34925},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34927,34418],{},[20,34929,34930,34931,34933],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34932,34418],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34935,34936],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[28,34938,34940],{"className":30,"code":34939,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34941,34942,34951,34955,34966,34978,34982],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,34943,34944,34946,34948],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,34945,3153],{"class":43},[37,34947,48],{"class":47},[37,34949,34950],{"class":122}," 5\n",[37,34952,34953],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,34954,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,34956,34957,34960,34964],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,34958,34959],{"class":811},"def",[37,34961,34963],{"class":34962},"sGLFI"," greet",[37,34965,21702],{"class":51},[37,34967,34968,34971,34973,34976],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,34969,34970],{"class":1483},"    return",[37,34972,68],{"class":55},[37,34974,34975],{"class":59},"Hello",[37,34977,3484],{"class":55},[37,34979,34980],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,34981,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,34983,34984,34986,34988,34990],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,34985,92],{"class":91},[37,34987,95],{"class":51},[37,34989,34479],{"class":91},[37,34991,7315],{"class":51},[20,34993,34994],{},"The output will include names like:",[135,34996,34997,35001],{},[138,34998,34999],{},[15,35000,900],{},[138,35002,35003],{},[15,35004,35005],{},"greet",[20,35007,35008],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[135,35010,35011,35014,35017],{},[138,35012,35013],{},"what variables exist",[138,35015,35016],{},"what functions you have defined",[138,35018,35019],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35021,35022],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[130,35024,35026],{"id":35025},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35028,35029,35030,35032],{},"When you first use ",[15,35031,34418],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35034,197],{},[28,35036,35037],{"className":30,"code":34788,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,35038,35039,35051],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35040,35041,35043,35045,35047,35049],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35042,34795],{"class":43},[37,35044,48],{"class":47},[37,35046,68],{"class":55},[37,35048,3970],{"class":59},[37,35050,3484],{"class":55},[37,35052,35053,35055,35057,35059,35061,35063],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35054,92],{"class":91},[37,35056,95],{"class":51},[37,35058,34479],{"class":91},[37,35060,95],{"class":51},[37,35062,34816],{"class":102},[37,35064,106],{"class":51},[20,35066,35067],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[135,35069,35070,35074,35078],{},[138,35071,35072],{},[15,35073,34517],{},[138,35075,35076],{},[15,35077,34553],{},[138,35079,35080],{},[15,35081,35082],{},"__len__",[20,35084,35085],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35087,35088],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[135,35090,35091,35095,35099,35103],{},[138,35092,35093],{},[15,35094,34585],{},[138,35096,35097],{},[15,35098,8758],{},[138,35100,35101],{},[15,35102,34576],{},[138,35104,35105],{},[15,35106,35107],{},"replace",[20,35109,35110],{},"A key point to remember:",[135,35112,35113,35121],{},[138,35114,35115,35117,35118],{},[15,35116,34418],{}," lists ",[110,35119,35120],{},"names only",[138,35122,35123,35124,35126],{},"it does ",[110,35125,711],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35128,35129,35130,292],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[285,35131,35133],{"href":35132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35134,35135],{},"help()",[20,35137,5593],{},[28,35139,35141],{"className":30,"code":35140,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35142,35143,35155],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35144,35145,35147,35149,35151,35153],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35146,7996],{"class":43},[37,35148,48],{"class":47},[37,35150,68],{"class":55},[37,35152,3970],{"class":59},[37,35154,3484],{"class":55},[37,35156,35157,35159,35161,35163,35165,35167],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35158,1937],{"class":91},[37,35160,95],{"class":51},[37,35162,7790],{"class":102},[37,35164,292],{"class":51},[37,35166,34585],{"class":24857},[37,35168,85],{"class":51},[130,35170,35172,35174],{"id":35171},"dir-on-modules",[15,35173,34418],{}," on modules",[20,35176,15823,35177,35179],{},[15,35178,34418],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35181,35182],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[307,35184,35186,35187,35189],{"id":35185},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35188,18524],{}," module",[28,35191,35193],{"className":30,"code":35192,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35194,35195,35203,35207],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35196,35197,35200],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35198,35199],{"class":1483},"import",[37,35201,35202],{"class":43}," math\n",[37,35204,35205],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35206,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,35208,35209,35211,35213,35215,35217,35219],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35210,92],{"class":91},[37,35212,95],{"class":51},[37,35214,34479],{"class":91},[37,35216,95],{"class":51},[37,35218,18524],{"class":102},[37,35220,106],{"class":51},[20,35222,35223],{},"You may see names like:",[135,35225,35226,35231,35236,35241],{},[138,35227,35228],{},[15,35229,35230],{},"sqrt",[138,35232,35233],{},[15,35234,35235],{},"ceil",[138,35237,35238],{},[15,35239,35240],{},"floor",[138,35242,35243],{},[15,35244,35245],{},"pi",[20,35247,35248],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35250,35251],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[135,35253,35254,35260],{},[138,35255,35256],{},[285,35257,35259],{"href":35258},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[138,35261,35262],{},[285,35263,35265],{"href":35264},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[307,35267,35269],{"id":35268},"another-example","Another example",[28,35271,35273],{"className":30,"code":35272,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35274,35275,35282,35286],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35276,35277,35279],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35278,35199],{"class":1483},[37,35280,35281],{"class":43}," json\n",[37,35283,35284],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35285,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,35287,35288,35290,35292,35294,35296,35299],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35289,92],{"class":91},[37,35291,95],{"class":51},[37,35293,34479],{"class":91},[37,35295,95],{"class":51},[37,35297,35298],{"class":102},"json",[37,35300,106],{"class":51},[20,35302,35303,35304,2321,35307,2321,35310,17181,35313,292],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35305,35306],{},"dump",[15,35308,35309],{},"dumps",[15,35311,35312],{},"load",[15,35314,35315],{},"loads",[130,35317,35319,10700,35321],{"id":35318},"dir-vs-help",[15,35320,34418],{},[15,35322,35135],{},[20,35324,35325,851,35327,35329],{},[15,35326,34418],{},[15,35328,35135],{}," are often used together.",[307,35331,35332],{"id":34479},[15,35333,34418],{},[135,35335,35336,35339],{},[138,35337,35338],{},"shows available names",[138,35340,35341],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[307,35343,35344],{"id":1937},[15,35345,35135],{},[135,35347,35348,35351],{},[138,35349,35350],{},"explains what an object or function does",[138,35352,35353],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35355,35356],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[28,35358,35360],{"className":30,"code":35359,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35361,35362,35374,35378,35392],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35363,35364,35366,35368,35370,35372],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35365,7996],{"class":43},[37,35367,48],{"class":47},[37,35369,68],{"class":55},[37,35371,3970],{"class":59},[37,35373,3484],{"class":55},[37,35375,35376],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35377,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,35379,35380,35382,35384,35386,35388,35390],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35381,92],{"class":91},[37,35383,95],{"class":51},[37,35385,34479],{"class":91},[37,35387,95],{"class":51},[37,35389,7790],{"class":102},[37,35391,106],{"class":51},[37,35393,35394,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,35395,1937],{"class":91},[37,35397,95],{"class":51},[37,35399,7790],{"class":102},[37,35401,292],{"class":51},[37,35403,34585],{"class":24857},[37,35405,85],{"class":51},[20,35407,22,35408,35410,35411,35413,35414,35416],{},[15,35409,34418],{}," first to find a method name.",[9961,35412],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35415,35135],{}," to understand how to use it.",[130,35418,25465],{"id":25464},[20,35420,35421],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[307,35423,35425,35427],{"id":35424},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35426,34418],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35429,35430,35432],{},[15,35431,34418],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35434,35435,35436,35438,35439,35442],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35437,34585],{}," in ",[15,35440,35441],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[307,35444,35446],{"id":35445},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35448,35449],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35451,35452],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[307,35454,35456],{"id":35455},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35458,35459],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35461,5593],{},[135,35463,35464,35469,35475],{},[138,35465,35466,35468],{},[15,35467,35441],{}," shows string-related names",[138,35470,35471,35474],{},[15,35472,35473],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[138,35476,35477,35480,35481,35189],{},[15,35478,35479],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35482,18524],{},[307,35484,35486],{"id":35485},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35488,35489,35490,35492],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35491,34418],{}," does not mean you already know:",[135,35494,35495,35498,35501],{},[138,35496,35497],{},"what it does",[138,35499,35500],{},"what arguments it needs",[138,35502,35503],{},"what it returns",[20,35505,35506,35507,35509],{},"That is why ",[15,35508,35135],{}," is the natural next step.",[130,35511,1854],{"id":1853},[20,35513,35514,35515,35517],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35516,34418],{}," in these situations:",[135,35519,35520,35523,35532,35535],{},[138,35521,35522],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[138,35524,35525,35526,35531],{},"Seeing an ",[285,35527,35529],{"href":35528},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35530,25779],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[138,35533,35534],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[138,35536,1872,35537,35539,35540],{},[15,35538,34418],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35541,35135],{},[20,35543,35544],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[28,35546,35548],{"className":30,"code":35547,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35549,35550,35562,35566,35580,35594],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35551,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35553,7996],{"class":43},[37,35555,48],{"class":47},[37,35557,68],{"class":55},[37,35559,3970],{"class":59},[37,35561,3484],{"class":55},[37,35563,35564],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35565,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,35567,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576,35578],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35569,92],{"class":91},[37,35571,95],{"class":51},[37,35573,757],{"class":756},[37,35575,95],{"class":51},[37,35577,7790],{"class":102},[37,35579,106],{"class":51},[37,35581,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,35583,92],{"class":91},[37,35585,95],{"class":51},[37,35587,34479],{"class":91},[37,35589,95],{"class":51},[37,35591,7790],{"class":102},[37,35593,106],{"class":51},[37,35595,35596,35598,35600,35602,35604,35606],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,35597,1937],{"class":91},[37,35599,95],{"class":51},[37,35601,7790],{"class":102},[37,35603,292],{"class":51},[37,35605,34585],{"class":24857},[37,35607,85],{"class":51},[20,35609,35610],{},"And for modules:",[28,35612,35613],{"className":30,"code":35192,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,35614,35615,35621,35625],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35616,35617,35619],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35618,35199],{"class":1483},[37,35620,35202],{"class":43},[37,35622,35623],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35624,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35628,92],{"class":91},[37,35630,95],{"class":51},[37,35632,34479],{"class":91},[37,35634,95],{"class":51},[37,35636,18524],{"class":102},[37,35638,106],{"class":51},[20,35640,35641],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[28,35643,35645],{"className":30,"code":35644,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35646,35647,35652,35664,35674,35688,35694],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35648,35649],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35650,35651],{"class":43},"python\n",[37,35653,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35655,7996],{"class":43},[37,35657,48],{"class":47},[37,35659,68],{"class":55},[37,35661,3970],{"class":59},[37,35663,3484],{"class":55},[37,35665,35666,35668,35670,35672],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35667,34479],{"class":91},[37,35669,95],{"class":51},[37,35671,7790],{"class":102},[37,35673,85],{"class":51},[37,35675,35676,35678,35680,35682,35684,35686],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,35677,1937],{"class":91},[37,35679,95],{"class":51},[37,35681,7790],{"class":102},[37,35683,292],{"class":51},[37,35685,34585],{"class":24857},[37,35687,85],{"class":51},[37,35689,35690,35692],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,35691,35199],{"class":1483},[37,35693,35202],{"class":43},[37,35695,35696,35698,35700,35702],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,35697,34479],{"class":91},[37,35699,95],{"class":51},[37,35701,18524],{"class":102},[37,35703,85],{"class":51},[130,35705,1969],{"id":1968},[307,35707,5262,35709,5265],{"id":35708},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35710,34418],{},[20,35712,35713],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[307,35715,5300,35717,851,35719,2623],{"id":35716},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35718,34418],{},[15,35720,35135],{},[20,35722,35723,35725,35726,35728],{},[15,35724,34418],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35727,35135],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[307,35730,35732,35733,35735],{"id":35731},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35734,34418],{}," output?",[20,35737,35738],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[307,35740,5290,35742,35744,35745,2623],{"id":35741},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35743,34418],{}," help fix ",[15,35746,25779],{},[20,35748,35749,35750,292],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[285,35751,35752],{"href":35528},"object has no attribute",[130,35754,2025],{"id":2024},[135,35756,35757,35763,35768,35772,35776],{},[138,35758,35759],{},[285,35760,288,35761,291],{"href":35132},[15,35762,35135],{},[138,35764,35765],{},[285,35766,35767],{"href":35528},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[138,35769,35770],{},[285,35771,35259],{"href":35258},[138,35773,35774],{},[285,35775,35265],{"href":35264},[138,35777,35778],{},[285,35779,288,35780,291],{"href":34916},[15,35781,2435],{},[20,35783,35784,35785,35787,35788,35790],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35786,34418],{}," together with ",[15,35789,35135],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2052,35792,35793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":35795},[35796,35797,35799,35804,35809,35811,35812,35818,35823,35830,35831,35841],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":34595,"depth":88,"text":35798},"What dir() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":35800},[35801,35803],{"id":34648,"depth":251,"text":35802},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34704,"depth":251,"text":34490},{"id":34772,"depth":88,"text":35805,"children":35806},"Using dir() with a value",[35807,35808],{"id":34784,"depth":251,"text":34785},{"id":34845,"depth":251,"text":34846},{"id":34925,"depth":88,"text":35810},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35025,"depth":88,"text":35026},{"id":35171,"depth":88,"text":35813,"children":35814},"dir() on modules",[35815,35817],{"id":35185,"depth":251,"text":35816},"Example: math module",{"id":35268,"depth":251,"text":35269},{"id":35318,"depth":88,"text":35819,"children":35820},"dir() vs help()",[35821,35822],{"id":34479,"depth":251,"text":34418},{"id":1937,"depth":251,"text":35135},{"id":25464,"depth":88,"text":25465,"children":35824},[35825,35827,35828,35829],{"id":35424,"depth":251,"text":35826},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35445,"depth":251,"text":35446},{"id":35455,"depth":251,"text":35456},{"id":35485,"depth":251,"text":35486},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":35832},[35833,35835,35837,35839],{"id":35708,"depth":251,"text":35834},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35716,"depth":251,"text":35836},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35731,"depth":251,"text":35838},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35741,"depth":251,"text":35840},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34410,"description":35842},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35849,"title":35850,"body":35851,"description":37662,"extension":2099,"meta":37663,"navigation":254,"path":37664,"seo":37665,"stem":37666,"__hash__":37667},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35852,"toc":37631},[35853,35859,35864,35867,35875,35881,35883,35963,35965,35991,35996,36001,36006,36009,36020,36023,36025,36104,36106,36132,36139,36141,36143,36168,36171,36184,36189,36191,36269,36271,36293,36302,36307,36315,36321,36328,36331,36333,36410,36413,36470,36472,36509,36515,36520,36525,36528,36542,36544,36647,36649,36692,36701,36711,36718,36724,36731,36814,36816,36839,36842,36845,36847,36851,36855,36858,36921,36944,36947,36951,36957,36959,37026,37029,37106,37111,37117,37120,37123,37169,37171,37195,37200,37204,37209,37215,37278,37281,37283,37286,37311,37314,37449,37451,37552,37554,37559,37562,37568,37578,37586,37591,37597,37603,37605,37628],[10,35854,288,35856,3704],{"id":35855},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35857,35858],{},"enumerate()",[20,35860,35861,35863],{},[15,35862,35858],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35865,35866],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[135,35868,35869,35872],{},[138,35870,35871],{},"the item itself",[138,35873,35874],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35876,35877,35878,35880],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35879,35858],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[130,35882,2140],{"id":2139},[28,35884,35886],{"className":30,"code":35885,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35887,35888,35920,35924,35947],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35889,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35891,44],{"class":43},[37,35893,48],{"class":47},[37,35895,519],{"class":51},[37,35897,56],{"class":55},[37,35899,60],{"class":59},[37,35901,56],{"class":55},[37,35903,65],{"class":51},[37,35905,68],{"class":55},[37,35907,71],{"class":59},[37,35909,56],{"class":55},[37,35911,65],{"class":51},[37,35913,68],{"class":55},[37,35915,80],{"class":59},[37,35917,56],{"class":55},[37,35919,3760],{"class":51},[37,35921,35922],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35923,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,35925,35926,35928,35931,35933,35936,35938,35941,35943,35945],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35927,1767],{"class":1483},[37,35929,35930],{"class":43}," index",[37,35932,65],{"class":51},[37,35934,35935],{"class":43}," color ",[37,35937,1773],{"class":1483},[37,35939,35940],{"class":91}," enumerate",[37,35942,95],{"class":51},[37,35944,103],{"class":102},[37,35946,8460],{"class":51},[37,35948,35949,35951,35953,35956,35958,35961],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,35950,1506],{"class":91},[37,35952,95],{"class":51},[37,35954,35955],{"class":102},"index",[37,35957,65],{"class":51},[37,35959,35960],{"class":102}," color",[37,35962,85],{"class":51},[20,35964,112],{},[28,35966,35968],{"className":30,"code":35967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35969,35970,35977,35984],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,35971,35972,35974],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,35973,1070],{"class":122},[37,35975,35976],{"class":43}," red\n",[37,35978,35979,35981],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,35980,501],{"class":122},[37,35982,35983],{"class":43}," green\n",[37,35985,35986,35988],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,35987,508],{"class":122},[37,35989,35990],{"class":43}," blue\n",[20,35992,22,35993,35995],{},[15,35994,35858],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[130,35997,296,35999,3805],{"id":35998},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36000,35858],{},[20,36002,36003,36005],{},[15,36004,35858],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36007,36008],{},"It is commonly used with:",[135,36010,36011,36013,36015,36017],{},[138,36012,5421],{},[138,36014,5424],{},[138,36016,5430],{},[138,36018,36019],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36021,36022],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36024,197],{},[28,36026,36028],{"className":30,"code":36027,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36029,36030,36064,36068,36089],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36031,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36051,36053,36055,36057,36060,36062],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36033,5114],{"class":43},[37,36035,48],{"class":47},[37,36037,519],{"class":51},[37,36039,56],{"class":55},[37,36041,1646],{"class":59},[37,36043,56],{"class":55},[37,36045,65],{"class":51},[37,36047,68],{"class":55},[37,36049,36050],{"class":59},"Ben",[37,36052,56],{"class":55},[37,36054,65],{"class":51},[37,36056,68],{"class":55},[37,36058,36059],{"class":59},"Cara",[37,36061,56],{"class":55},[37,36063,3760],{"class":51},[37,36065,36066],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36067,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36069,36070,36072,36074,36076,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36071,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36073,35930],{"class":43},[37,36075,65],{"class":51},[37,36077,36078],{"class":43}," name ",[37,36080,1773],{"class":1483},[37,36082,35940],{"class":91},[37,36084,95],{"class":51},[37,36086,5158],{"class":102},[37,36088,8460],{"class":51},[37,36090,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099,36102],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36092,1506],{"class":91},[37,36094,95],{"class":51},[37,36096,35955],{"class":102},[37,36098,65],{"class":51},[37,36100,36101],{"class":102}," name",[37,36103,85],{"class":51},[20,36105,112],{},[28,36107,36109],{"className":30,"code":36108,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36110,36111,36118,36125],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36112,36113,36115],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36114,1070],{"class":122},[37,36116,36117],{"class":43}," Ana\n",[37,36119,36120,36122],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36121,501],{"class":122},[37,36123,36124],{"class":43}," Ben\n",[37,36126,36127,36129],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36128,508],{"class":122},[37,36130,36131],{"class":43}," Cara\n",[20,36133,36134,36135,292],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[285,36136,36138],{"href":36137},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[130,36140,159],{"id":158},[20,36142,2293],{},[28,36144,36146],{"className":30,"code":36145,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36147,36148],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36149,36150,36153,36155,36157,36159,36162,36164,36166],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36151,36152],{"class":91},"enumerate",[37,36154,95],{"class":51},[37,36156,3846],{"class":102},[37,36158,65],{"class":51},[37,36160,36161],{"class":9294}," start",[37,36163,48],{"class":47},[37,36165,1070],{"class":122},[37,36167,85],{"class":51},[20,36169,36170],{},"It has two parts:",[135,36172,36173,36178],{},[138,36174,36175,36177],{},[15,36176,3846],{},": the object you want to loop through",[138,36179,36180,36183],{},[15,36181,36182],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36185,36186,36187,292],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36188,1070],{},[20,36190,197],{},[28,36192,36194],{"className":30,"code":36193,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36195,36196,36228,36232,36254],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36197,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36199,1729],{"class":43},[37,36201,48],{"class":47},[37,36203,519],{"class":51},[37,36205,56],{"class":55},[37,36207,285],{"class":59},[37,36209,56],{"class":55},[37,36211,65],{"class":51},[37,36213,68],{"class":55},[37,36215,777],{"class":59},[37,36217,56],{"class":55},[37,36219,65],{"class":51},[37,36221,68],{"class":55},[37,36223,1754],{"class":59},[37,36225,56],{"class":55},[37,36227,3760],{"class":51},[37,36229,36230],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36231,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36233,36234,36236,36239,36241,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36235,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36237,36238],{"class":43}," i",[37,36240,65],{"class":51},[37,36242,36243],{"class":43}," letter ",[37,36245,1773],{"class":1483},[37,36247,35940],{"class":91},[37,36249,95],{"class":51},[37,36251,1785],{"class":102},[37,36253,8460],{"class":51},[37,36255,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36267],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36257,1506],{"class":91},[37,36259,95],{"class":51},[37,36261,1797],{"class":102},[37,36263,65],{"class":51},[37,36265,36266],{"class":102}," letter",[37,36268,85],{"class":51},[20,36270,112],{},[28,36272,36273],{"className":30,"code":1815,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,36274,36275,36281,36287],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36276,36277,36279],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36278,1070],{"class":122},[37,36280,1824],{"class":43},[37,36282,36283,36285],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36284,501],{"class":122},[37,36286,1831],{"class":43},[37,36288,36289,36291],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36290,508],{"class":122},[37,36292,1838],{"class":43},[20,36294,36295,36296,292],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[285,36297,288,36299,291],{"href":36298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36300,36301],{},"range()",[130,36303,296,36305,149],{"id":36304},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36306,35858],{},[20,36308,36309,36311,36312,292],{},[15,36310,35858],{}," returns an ",[110,36313,36314],{},"enumerate object",[20,36316,36317,36318,36320],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36319,1767],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[135,36322,36323],{},[138,36324,36325],{},[15,36326,36327],{},"(index, item)",[20,36329,36330],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36332,197],{},[28,36334,36336],{"className":30,"code":36335,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36337,36338,36370,36374,36395],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36339,36340,36342,36344,36346,36348,36350,36352,36354,36356,36358,36360,36362,36364,36366,36368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36341,320],{"class":43},[37,36343,48],{"class":47},[37,36345,519],{"class":51},[37,36347,56],{"class":55},[37,36349,329],{"class":59},[37,36351,56],{"class":55},[37,36353,65],{"class":51},[37,36355,68],{"class":55},[37,36357,338],{"class":59},[37,36359,56],{"class":55},[37,36361,65],{"class":51},[37,36363,68],{"class":55},[37,36365,347],{"class":59},[37,36367,56],{"class":55},[37,36369,3760],{"class":51},[37,36371,36372],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36373,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36375,36376,36378,36380,36382,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36377,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36379,35930],{"class":43},[37,36381,65],{"class":51},[37,36383,36384],{"class":43}," fruit ",[37,36386,1773],{"class":1483},[37,36388,35940],{"class":91},[37,36390,95],{"class":51},[37,36392,364],{"class":102},[37,36394,8460],{"class":51},[37,36396,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36408],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36398,1506],{"class":91},[37,36400,95],{"class":51},[37,36402,35955],{"class":102},[37,36404,65],{"class":51},[37,36406,36407],{"class":102}," fruit",[37,36409,85],{"class":51},[20,36411,36412],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[28,36414,36416],{"className":30,"code":36415,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36417,36418,36438,36442,36460],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36419,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36421,207],{"class":43},[37,36423,48],{"class":47},[37,36425,519],{"class":51},[37,36427,214],{"class":122},[37,36429,65],{"class":51},[37,36431,219],{"class":122},[37,36433,65],{"class":51},[37,36435,224],{"class":122},[37,36437,3760],{"class":51},[37,36439,36440],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36441,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36443,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36445,2362],{"class":43},[37,36447,48],{"class":47},[37,36449,22666],{"class":756},[37,36451,95],{"class":51},[37,36453,36152],{"class":91},[37,36455,95],{"class":51},[37,36457,246],{"class":102},[37,36459,106],{"class":51},[37,36461,36462,36464,36466,36468],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36463,92],{"class":91},[37,36465,95],{"class":51},[37,36467,2397],{"class":102},[37,36469,85],{"class":51},[20,36471,112],{},[28,36473,36475],{"className":30,"code":36474,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36476,36477],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36478,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489,36491,36493,36495,36497,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36480,21847],{"class":51},[37,36482,1070],{"class":122},[37,36484,65],{"class":51},[37,36486,6125],{"class":122},[37,36488,516],{"class":51},[37,36490,52],{"class":51},[37,36492,501],{"class":122},[37,36494,65],{"class":51},[37,36496,219],{"class":122},[37,36498,516],{"class":51},[37,36500,52],{"class":51},[37,36502,508],{"class":122},[37,36504,65],{"class":51},[37,36506,224],{"class":122},[37,36508,9365],{"class":51},[20,36510,36511,36512,36514],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36513,35858],{}," produces.",[130,36516,5080,36518],{"id":36517},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36519,35858],{},[20,36521,22,36522,36524],{},[15,36523,35858],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36526,36527],{},"Common cases:",[135,36529,36530,36533,36536,36539],{},[138,36531,36532],{},"printing numbered output",[138,36534,36535],{},"building menus",[138,36537,36538],{},"showing positions in a list",[138,36540,36541],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36543,197],{},[28,36545,36547],{"className":30,"code":36546,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36548,36549,36584,36588,36618],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36550,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36562,36564,36566,36568,36571,36573,36575,36577,36580,36582],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36552,30005],{"class":43},[37,36554,48],{"class":47},[37,36556,519],{"class":51},[37,36558,56],{"class":55},[37,36560,36561],{"class":59},"Wash dishes",[37,36563,56],{"class":55},[37,36565,65],{"class":51},[37,36567,68],{"class":55},[37,36569,36570],{"class":59},"Study Python",[37,36572,56],{"class":55},[37,36574,65],{"class":51},[37,36576,68],{"class":55},[37,36578,36579],{"class":59},"Go for a walk",[37,36581,56],{"class":55},[37,36583,3760],{"class":51},[37,36585,36586],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36587,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36589,36590,36592,36594,36596,36599,36601,36603,36605,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36591,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36593,2329],{"class":43},[37,36595,65],{"class":51},[37,36597,36598],{"class":43}," task ",[37,36600,1773],{"class":1483},[37,36602,35940],{"class":91},[37,36604,95],{"class":51},[37,36606,36607],{"class":102},"tasks",[37,36609,65],{"class":51},[37,36611,36161],{"class":9294},[37,36613,48],{"class":47},[37,36615,501],{"class":122},[37,36617,8460],{"class":51},[37,36619,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36641,36643,36645],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36621,1506],{"class":91},[37,36623,95],{"class":51},[37,36625,22401],{"class":811},[37,36627,56],{"class":59},[37,36629,9394],{"class":122},[37,36631,2372],{"class":102},[37,36633,22410],{"class":122},[37,36635,28420],{"class":59},[37,36637,9394],{"class":122},[37,36639,36640],{"class":102},"task",[37,36642,22410],{"class":122},[37,36644,56],{"class":59},[37,36646,85],{"class":51},[20,36648,112],{},[28,36650,36652],{"className":30,"code":36651,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36653,36654,36666,36678],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36655,36656,36658,36660,36663],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36657,501],{"class":122},[37,36659,292],{"class":51},[37,36661,36662],{"class":24857}," Wash",[37,36664,36665],{"class":43}," dishes\n",[37,36667,36668,36670,36672,36675],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36669,508],{"class":122},[37,36671,292],{"class":51},[37,36673,36674],{"class":24857}," Study",[37,36676,36677],{"class":43}," Python\n",[37,36679,36680,36682,36684,36687,36689],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36681,1129],{"class":122},[37,36683,292],{"class":51},[37,36685,36686],{"class":24857}," Go",[37,36688,4002],{"class":1483},[37,36690,36691],{"class":43}," a walk\n",[20,36693,36694,36695,36697,36698,292],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36696,35858],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36699,36700],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36702,36703,36704,292],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[285,36705,36707,36708,36710],{"href":36706},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36709,35858],{}," in Python",[130,36712,36714,36715,36717],{"id":36713},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36716,36182],{}," argument",[20,36719,36720,36721,36723],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36722,36182],{}," argument.",[20,36725,36726,36727,1866,36729,3013],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36728,501],{},[15,36730,1070],{},[28,36732,36734],{"className":30,"code":36733,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36735,36736,36768,36772,36800],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36737,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36739,44],{"class":43},[37,36741,48],{"class":47},[37,36743,519],{"class":51},[37,36745,56],{"class":55},[37,36747,60],{"class":59},[37,36749,56],{"class":55},[37,36751,65],{"class":51},[37,36753,68],{"class":55},[37,36755,71],{"class":59},[37,36757,56],{"class":55},[37,36759,65],{"class":51},[37,36761,68],{"class":55},[37,36763,80],{"class":59},[37,36765,56],{"class":55},[37,36767,3760],{"class":51},[37,36769,36770],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36771,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36773,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36775,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36777,35930],{"class":43},[37,36779,65],{"class":51},[37,36781,35935],{"class":43},[37,36783,1773],{"class":1483},[37,36785,35940],{"class":91},[37,36787,95],{"class":51},[37,36789,103],{"class":102},[37,36791,65],{"class":51},[37,36793,36161],{"class":9294},[37,36795,48],{"class":47},[37,36797,501],{"class":122},[37,36799,8460],{"class":51},[37,36801,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36803,1506],{"class":91},[37,36805,95],{"class":51},[37,36807,35955],{"class":102},[37,36809,65],{"class":51},[37,36811,35960],{"class":102},[37,36813,85],{"class":51},[20,36815,112],{},[28,36817,36819],{"className":30,"code":36818,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36820,36821,36827,36833],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36822,36823,36825],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36824,501],{"class":122},[37,36826,35976],{"class":43},[37,36828,36829,36831],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36830,508],{"class":122},[37,36832,35983],{"class":43},[37,36834,36835,36837],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36836,1129],{"class":122},[37,36838,35990],{"class":43},[20,36840,36841],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36843,36844],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[130,36846,25465],{"id":25464},[20,36848,25468,36849,292],{},[15,36850,35858],{},[307,36852,36854],{"id":36853},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36856,36857],{},"In this loop:",[28,36859,36861],{"className":30,"code":36860,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36862,36863,36883,36887,36907],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36864,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36866,207],{"class":43},[37,36868,48],{"class":47},[37,36870,519],{"class":51},[37,36872,214],{"class":122},[37,36874,65],{"class":51},[37,36876,219],{"class":122},[37,36878,65],{"class":51},[37,36880,224],{"class":122},[37,36882,3760],{"class":51},[37,36884,36885],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36886,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36888,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36890,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36892,35930],{"class":43},[37,36894,65],{"class":51},[37,36896,21691],{"class":43},[37,36898,1773],{"class":1483},[37,36900,35940],{"class":91},[37,36902,95],{"class":51},[37,36904,246],{"class":102},[37,36906,8460],{"class":51},[37,36908,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,36910,1506],{"class":91},[37,36912,95],{"class":51},[37,36914,35955],{"class":102},[37,36916,65],{"class":51},[37,36918,8551],{"class":102},[37,36920,85],{"class":51},[135,36922,36923,36933],{},[138,36924,36925,4902,36927,2321,36929,2321,36931],{},[15,36926,35955],{},[15,36928,1070],{},[15,36930,501],{},[15,36932,508],{},[138,36934,36935,4902,36937,2321,36939,2321,36941],{},[15,36936,1215],{},[15,36938,214],{},[15,36940,15863],{},[15,36942,36943],{},"30",[20,36945,36946],{},"These are different things.",[307,36948,36950],{"id":36949},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36952,36953,36954,36956],{},"Each item from ",[15,36955,35858],{}," is a pair.",[20,36958,6809],{},[28,36960,36962],{"className":30,"code":36961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36963,36964,36988,36992,37012],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,36965,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,36967,670],{"class":43},[37,36969,48],{"class":47},[37,36971,519],{"class":51},[37,36973,56],{"class":55},[37,36975,900],{"class":59},[37,36977,56],{"class":55},[37,36979,65],{"class":51},[37,36981,68],{"class":55},[37,36983,909],{"class":59},[37,36985,56],{"class":55},[37,36987,3760],{"class":51},[37,36989,36990],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,36991,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,36993,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,36995,1767],{"class":1483},[37,36997,36238],{"class":43},[37,36999,65],{"class":51},[37,37001,6082],{"class":43},[37,37003,1773],{"class":1483},[37,37005,35940],{"class":91},[37,37007,95],{"class":51},[37,37009,687],{"class":102},[37,37011,8460],{"class":51},[37,37013,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,37015,1506],{"class":91},[37,37017,95],{"class":51},[37,37019,1797],{"class":102},[37,37021,65],{"class":51},[37,37023,29614],{"class":102},[37,37025,85],{"class":51},[20,37027,37028],{},"But this causes an error:",[28,37030,37032],{"className":30,"code":37031,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37033,37034,37058,37062,37087],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37035,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37037,670],{"class":43},[37,37039,48],{"class":47},[37,37041,519],{"class":51},[37,37043,56],{"class":55},[37,37045,900],{"class":59},[37,37047,56],{"class":55},[37,37049,65],{"class":51},[37,37051,68],{"class":55},[37,37053,909],{"class":59},[37,37055,56],{"class":55},[37,37057,3760],{"class":51},[37,37059,37060],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37061,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,37063,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37065,1767],{"class":1483},[37,37067,36238],{"class":43},[37,37069,65],{"class":51},[37,37071,29614],{"class":43},[37,37073,65],{"class":51},[37,37075,37076],{"class":43}," extra ",[37,37078,1773],{"class":1483},[37,37080,35940],{"class":91},[37,37082,95],{"class":51},[37,37084,687],{"class":102},[37,37086,8460],{"class":51},[37,37088,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37104],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,37090,1506],{"class":91},[37,37092,95],{"class":51},[37,37094,1797],{"class":102},[37,37096,65],{"class":51},[37,37098,29614],{"class":102},[37,37100,65],{"class":51},[37,37102,37103],{"class":102}," extra",[37,37105,85],{"class":51},[20,37107,29168,37108,37110],{},[15,37109,35858],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[307,37112,37114,37116],{"id":37113},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37115,35858],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37118,37119],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37121,37122],{},"Example with a string:",[28,37124,37126],{"className":30,"code":37125,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37127,37128,37154],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37129,37130,37132,37134,37136,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37150,37152],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37131,1767],{"class":1483},[37,37133,35930],{"class":43},[37,37135,65],{"class":51},[37,37137,37138],{"class":43}," char ",[37,37140,1773],{"class":1483},[37,37142,35940],{"class":91},[37,37144,95],{"class":51},[37,37146,56],{"class":55},[37,37148,37149],{"class":59},"cat",[37,37151,56],{"class":55},[37,37153,8460],{"class":51},[37,37155,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37167],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37157,1506],{"class":91},[37,37159,95],{"class":51},[37,37161,35955],{"class":102},[37,37163,65],{"class":51},[37,37165,37166],{"class":102}," char",[37,37168,85],{"class":51},[20,37170,112],{},[28,37172,37174],{"className":30,"code":37173,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37175,37176,37182,37188],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37177,37178,37180],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37179,1070],{"class":122},[37,37181,1838],{"class":43},[37,37183,37184,37186],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37185,501],{"class":122},[37,37187,1824],{"class":43},[37,37189,37190,37192],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37191,508],{"class":122},[37,37193,37194],{"class":43}," t\n",[20,37196,37197,37198,292],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[285,37199,5256],{"href":5708},[307,37201,37203],{"id":37202},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37205,37206,37207,292],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37208,35858],{},[20,37210,37211,37212,37214],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37213,1767],{}," loop:",[28,37216,37218],{"className":30,"code":37217,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37219,37220,37252,37256,37268],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37221,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37223,44],{"class":43},[37,37225,48],{"class":47},[37,37227,519],{"class":51},[37,37229,56],{"class":55},[37,37231,60],{"class":59},[37,37233,56],{"class":55},[37,37235,65],{"class":51},[37,37237,68],{"class":55},[37,37239,71],{"class":59},[37,37241,56],{"class":55},[37,37243,65],{"class":51},[37,37245,68],{"class":55},[37,37247,80],{"class":59},[37,37249,56],{"class":55},[37,37251,3760],{"class":51},[37,37253,37254],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37255,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,37257,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37259,1767],{"class":1483},[37,37261,35935],{"class":43},[37,37263,1773],{"class":1483},[37,37265,13233],{"class":43},[37,37267,1501],{"class":51},[37,37269,37270,37272,37274,37276],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,37271,1506],{"class":91},[37,37273,95],{"class":51},[37,37275,32998],{"class":102},[37,37277,85],{"class":51},[20,37279,37280],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[130,37282,1854],{"id":1853},[20,37284,37285],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[135,37287,37288,37293,37299,37304],{},[138,37289,23207,37290,37292],{},[15,37291,35858],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[138,37294,37295,37296,37298],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37297,1070],{}," by default",[138,37300,1872,37301,37303],{},[15,37302,35858],{}," when only values are needed",[138,37305,37306,37307,8823,37309],{},"Confusing ",[15,37308,35858],{},[15,37310,36301],{},[20,37312,37313],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[28,37315,37317],{"className":30,"code":37316,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37318,37319,37341,37368,37402,37435],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37320,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37322,92],{"class":91},[37,37324,95],{"class":51},[37,37326,36152],{"class":91},[37,37328,3115],{"class":51},[37,37330,214],{"class":122},[37,37332,65],{"class":51},[37,37334,219],{"class":122},[37,37336,65],{"class":51},[37,37338,224],{"class":122},[37,37340,1073],{"class":51},[37,37342,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37344,92],{"class":91},[37,37346,95],{"class":51},[37,37348,8213],{"class":756},[37,37350,95],{"class":51},[37,37352,36152],{"class":91},[37,37354,3115],{"class":51},[37,37356,214],{"class":122},[37,37358,65],{"class":51},[37,37360,219],{"class":122},[37,37362,65],{"class":51},[37,37364,224],{"class":122},[37,37366,37367],{"class":51},"])))\n",[37,37369,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37371,92],{"class":91},[37,37373,95],{"class":51},[37,37375,8213],{"class":756},[37,37377,95],{"class":51},[37,37379,36152],{"class":91},[37,37381,3115],{"class":51},[37,37383,214],{"class":122},[37,37385,65],{"class":51},[37,37387,219],{"class":122},[37,37389,65],{"class":51},[37,37391,224],{"class":122},[37,37393,893],{"class":51},[37,37395,36161],{"class":9294},[37,37397,48],{"class":47},[37,37399,501],{"class":122},[37,37401,3041],{"class":51},[37,37403,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,37405,1767],{"class":1483},[37,37407,36238],{"class":43},[37,37409,65],{"class":51},[37,37411,21691],{"class":43},[37,37413,1773],{"class":1483},[37,37415,35940],{"class":91},[37,37417,3115],{"class":51},[37,37419,821],{"class":55},[37,37421,285],{"class":59},[37,37423,821],{"class":55},[37,37425,65],{"class":51},[37,37427,815],{"class":55},[37,37429,777],{"class":59},[37,37431,821],{"class":55},[37,37433,37434],{"class":51},"]):\n",[37,37436,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,37438,1506],{"class":91},[37,37440,95],{"class":51},[37,37442,1797],{"class":102},[37,37444,65],{"class":51},[37,37446,8551],{"class":102},[37,37448,85],{"class":51},[20,37450,17068],{},[28,37452,37454],{"className":30,"code":37453,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37455,37456,37476,37508,37540,37546],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37457,37458,37460,37462,37464,37467,37471,37474],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37459,808],{"class":47},[37,37461,36152],{"class":91},[37,37463,24724],{"class":756},[37,37465,37466],{"class":43}," at ",[37,37468,37470],{"class":37469},"srjyR","0x",[37,37472,37473],{"class":34560},"...",[37,37475,824],{"class":47},[37,37477,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37479,21847],{"class":51},[37,37481,1070],{"class":122},[37,37483,65],{"class":51},[37,37485,6125],{"class":122},[37,37487,516],{"class":51},[37,37489,52],{"class":51},[37,37491,501],{"class":122},[37,37493,65],{"class":51},[37,37495,219],{"class":122},[37,37497,516],{"class":51},[37,37499,52],{"class":51},[37,37501,508],{"class":122},[37,37503,65],{"class":51},[37,37505,224],{"class":122},[37,37507,9365],{"class":51},[37,37509,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37511,21847],{"class":51},[37,37513,501],{"class":122},[37,37515,65],{"class":51},[37,37517,6125],{"class":122},[37,37519,516],{"class":51},[37,37521,52],{"class":51},[37,37523,508],{"class":122},[37,37525,65],{"class":51},[37,37527,219],{"class":122},[37,37529,516],{"class":51},[37,37531,52],{"class":51},[37,37533,1129],{"class":122},[37,37535,65],{"class":51},[37,37537,224],{"class":122},[37,37539,9365],{"class":51},[37,37541,37542,37544],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,37543,1070],{"class":122},[37,37545,1824],{"class":43},[37,37547,37548,37550],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,37549,501],{"class":122},[37,37551,1831],{"class":43},[130,37553,1969],{"id":1968},[307,37555,5262,37557,5265],{"id":37556},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37558,35858],{},[20,37560,37561],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[307,37563,1983,37565,37567],{"id":37564},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37566,35858],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37569,37570,37571,37573,37574,37577],{},"It starts at ",[15,37572,1070],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37575,37576],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[307,37579,21527,37581,1866,37583,2623],{"id":37580},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37582,35858],{},[15,37584,37585],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37587,36694,37588,37590],{},[15,37589,35858],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[307,37592,5290,37594,37596],{"id":37593},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37595,35858],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37598,37599,37600,37602],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37601,35858],{}," can return each character with its index.",[130,37604,2025],{"id":2024},[135,37606,37607,37611,37617,37624],{},[138,37608,37609],{},[285,37610,36138],{"href":36137},[138,37612,37613],{},[285,37614,288,37615,291],{"href":36298},[15,37616,36301],{},[138,37618,37619],{},[285,37620,37621,37622,36710],{"href":36706},"How to use ",[15,37623,35858],{},[138,37625,37626],{},[285,37627,5337],{"href":5708},[2052,37629,37630],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":37632},[37633,37634,37636,37637,37639,37641,37643,37650,37651,37661],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":35998,"depth":88,"text":37635},"What enumerate() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":36304,"depth":88,"text":37638},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36517,"depth":88,"text":37640},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36713,"depth":88,"text":37642},"Using the start argument",{"id":25464,"depth":88,"text":25465,"children":37644},[37645,37646,37647,37649],{"id":36853,"depth":251,"text":36854},{"id":36949,"depth":251,"text":36950},{"id":37113,"depth":251,"text":37648},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37202,"depth":251,"text":37203},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":37652},[37653,37655,37657,37659],{"id":37556,"depth":251,"text":37654},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37564,"depth":251,"text":37656},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37580,"depth":251,"text":37658},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37593,"depth":251,"text":37660},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35850,"description":37662},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37669,"title":37670,"body":37671,"description":40184,"extension":2099,"meta":40185,"navigation":254,"path":40186,"seo":40187,"stem":40188,"__hash__":40189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37672,"toc":40141},[37673,37679,37684,37687,37695,37709,37711,37801,37809,37814,37819,37821,37837,37839,37918,37920,37937,37943,37947,37949,37970,37974,37977,37989,37993,37996,37999,38016,38019,38095,38097,38114,38119,38123,38131,38134,38149,38151,38240,38242,38287,38290,38294,38297,38376,38378,38400,38403,38410,38415,38418,38520,38522,38547,38550,38557,38563,38568,38571,38582,38688,38690,38711,38719,38726,38732,38751,38756,38759,38778,38780,38865,38867,38896,38899,38904,38909,38912,38923,38925,39014,39016,39036,39042,39148,39150,39170,39173,39257,39259,39279,39286,39288,39292,39298,39301,39358,39361,39364,39425,39434,39437,39440,39468,39471,39531,39533,39550,39554,39557,39635,39637,39657,39660,39735,39739,39742,39744,39753,39757,39759,39810,39818,39830,39835,39896,39898,39915,39919,39982,39984,40009,40017,40019,40025,40031,40038,40046,40052,40055,40062,40072,40078,40084,40087,40104,40110,40112,40138],[10,37674,288,37676,3704],{"id":37675},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37677,37678],{},"filter()",[20,37680,37681,37683],{},[15,37682,37678],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37685,37686],{},"It takes:",[135,37688,37689,37692],{},[138,37690,37691],{},"a function that checks each item",[138,37693,37694],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37696,37697,37698,37701,37702,37705,37706,37708],{},"The result is ",[110,37699,37700],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37703,37704],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37707,24888],{}," to see the values.",[130,37710,2140],{"id":2139},[28,37712,37714],{"className":30,"code":37713,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37715,37716,37748,37784],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37717,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37719,207],{"class":43},[37,37721,48],{"class":47},[37,37723,519],{"class":51},[37,37725,501],{"class":122},[37,37727,65],{"class":51},[37,37729,890],{"class":122},[37,37731,65],{"class":51},[37,37733,513],{"class":122},[37,37735,65],{"class":51},[37,37737,1134],{"class":122},[37,37739,65],{"class":51},[37,37741,527],{"class":122},[37,37743,65],{"class":51},[37,37745,1145],{"class":122},[37,37747,3760],{"class":51},[37,37749,37750,37752,37754,37757,37759,37762,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37751,2362],{"class":43},[37,37753,48],{"class":47},[37,37755,37756],{"class":91}," filter",[37,37758,95],{"class":51},[37,37760,37761],{"class":811},"lambda",[37,37763,37765],{"class":37764},"sFwrP"," x",[37,37767,3013],{"class":51},[37,37769,4005],{"class":102},[37,37771,6524],{"class":47},[37,37773,890],{"class":122},[37,37775,1495],{"class":47},[37,37777,1498],{"class":122},[37,37779,65],{"class":51},[37,37781,4383],{"class":102},[37,37783,85],{"class":51},[37,37785,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37787,92],{"class":91},[37,37789,95],{"class":51},[37,37791,8213],{"class":756},[37,37793,95],{"class":51},[37,37795,2397],{"class":102},[37,37797,5482],{"class":51},[37,37799,37800],{"class":3788},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37802,37803,37805,37806,37808],{},[15,37804,37678],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37807,24888],{}," to see the results.",[130,37810,296,37812,3805],{"id":37811},"what-filter-does",[15,37813,37678],{},[20,37815,37816,37818],{},[15,37817,37678],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37820,2242],{},[135,37822,37823,37826,37832],{},[138,37824,37825],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[138,37827,37828,37829,37831],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37830,3729],{},", the item is kept",[138,37833,37828,37834,37836],{},[15,37835,3799],{},", the item is removed",[20,37838,197],{},[28,37840,37842],{"className":30,"code":37841,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37843,37844,37872,37876,37904],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37845,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37847,207],{"class":43},[37,37849,48],{"class":47},[37,37851,519],{"class":51},[37,37853,501],{"class":122},[37,37855,65],{"class":51},[37,37857,890],{"class":122},[37,37859,65],{"class":51},[37,37861,513],{"class":122},[37,37863,65],{"class":51},[37,37865,1134],{"class":122},[37,37867,65],{"class":51},[37,37869,527],{"class":122},[37,37871,3760],{"class":51},[37,37873,37874],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,37875,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,37877,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,37879,2362],{"class":43},[37,37881,48],{"class":47},[37,37883,37756],{"class":91},[37,37885,95],{"class":51},[37,37887,37761],{"class":811},[37,37889,37765],{"class":37764},[37,37891,3013],{"class":51},[37,37893,4005],{"class":102},[37,37895,4372],{"class":47},[37,37897,513],{"class":122},[37,37899,65],{"class":51},[37,37901,4383],{"class":102},[37,37903,85],{"class":51},[37,37905,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,37907,92],{"class":91},[37,37909,95],{"class":51},[37,37911,8213],{"class":756},[37,37913,95],{"class":51},[37,37915,2397],{"class":102},[37,37917,106],{"class":51},[20,37919,112],{},[28,37921,37923],{"className":30,"code":37922,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37924,37925],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37926,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37928,1067],{"class":51},[37,37930,522],{"class":122},[37,37932,65],{"class":51},[37,37934,527],{"class":122},[37,37936,3760],{"class":51},[20,37938,37939,37940,37942],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37941,1129],{}," are kept.",[130,37944,37946],{"id":37945},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37948,2293],{},[28,37950,37952],{"className":30,"code":37951,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37953,37954],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,37955,37956,37958,37960,37963,37965,37968],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,37957,37704],{"class":91},[37,37959,95],{"class":51},[37,37961,37962],{"class":102},"function",[37,37964,65],{"class":51},[37,37966,37967],{"class":102}," iterable",[37,37969,85],{"class":51},[307,37971,37972],{"id":37962},[15,37973,37962],{},[20,37975,37976],{},"This is the test function.",[135,37978,37979,37982],{},[138,37980,37981],{},"It receives one item at a time",[138,37983,37984,37985,3006,37987],{},"It should return ",[15,37986,3729],{},[15,37988,3799],{},[307,37990,37991],{"id":3846},[15,37992,3846],{},[20,37994,37995],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37997,37998],{},"It can be:",[135,38000,38001,38004,38007,38010,38013],{},[138,38002,38003],{},"a list",[138,38005,38006],{},"a tuple",[138,38008,38009],{},"a string",[138,38011,38012],{},"a set",[138,38014,38015],{},"another iterable object",[20,38017,38018],{},"Example with a tuple:",[28,38020,38022],{"className":30,"code":38021,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38023,38024,38049,38053,38081],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38025,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38027,207],{"class":43},[37,38029,48],{"class":47},[37,38031,52],{"class":51},[37,38033,214],{"class":122},[37,38035,65],{"class":51},[37,38037,38038],{"class":122}," 15",[37,38040,65],{"class":51},[37,38042,219],{"class":122},[37,38044,65],{"class":51},[37,38046,1653],{"class":122},[37,38048,85],{"class":51},[37,38050,38051],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38052,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38054,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38056,2362],{"class":43},[37,38058,48],{"class":47},[37,38060,37756],{"class":91},[37,38062,95],{"class":51},[37,38064,37761],{"class":811},[37,38066,37765],{"class":37764},[37,38068,3013],{"class":51},[37,38070,4005],{"class":102},[37,38072,5218],{"class":47},[37,38074,219],{"class":122},[37,38076,65],{"class":51},[37,38078,4383],{"class":102},[37,38080,85],{"class":51},[37,38082,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,38084,92],{"class":91},[37,38086,95],{"class":51},[37,38088,8213],{"class":756},[37,38090,95],{"class":51},[37,38092,2397],{"class":102},[37,38094,106],{"class":51},[20,38096,112],{},[28,38098,38100],{"className":30,"code":38099,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38101,38102],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38103,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38105,1067],{"class":51},[37,38107,15863],{"class":122},[37,38109,65],{"class":51},[37,38111,1653],{"class":122},[37,38113,3760],{"class":51},[20,38115,38116,38117,292],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[285,38118,5256],{"href":5708},[130,38120,38122],{"id":38121},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38124,38125,38126,22082,38128,292],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38127,37678],{},[110,38129,38130],{},"filter object",[20,38132,38133],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[135,38135,38136,38139,38144],{},[138,38137,38138],{},"loop through it",[138,38140,38141,38142],{},"convert it with ",[15,38143,24888],{},[138,38145,38141,38146],{},[15,38147,38148],{},"tuple()",[20,38150,197],{},[28,38152,38154],{"className":30,"code":38153,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38155,38156,38198,38202,38212,38226],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38157,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38159,2362],{"class":43},[37,38161,48],{"class":47},[37,38163,37756],{"class":91},[37,38165,95],{"class":51},[37,38167,37761],{"class":811},[37,38169,37765],{"class":37764},[37,38171,3013],{"class":51},[37,38173,4005],{"class":102},[37,38175,4372],{"class":47},[37,38177,890],{"class":122},[37,38179,65],{"class":51},[37,38181,519],{"class":51},[37,38183,501],{"class":122},[37,38185,65],{"class":51},[37,38187,890],{"class":122},[37,38189,65],{"class":51},[37,38191,513],{"class":122},[37,38193,65],{"class":51},[37,38195,1134],{"class":122},[37,38197,530],{"class":51},[37,38199,38200],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38201,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38203,38204,38206,38208,38210],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38205,92],{"class":91},[37,38207,95],{"class":51},[37,38209,2397],{"class":102},[37,38211,85],{"class":51},[37,38213,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,38215,92],{"class":91},[37,38217,95],{"class":51},[37,38219,757],{"class":756},[37,38221,95],{"class":51},[37,38223,2397],{"class":102},[37,38225,106],{"class":51},[37,38227,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,38229,92],{"class":91},[37,38231,95],{"class":51},[37,38233,8213],{"class":756},[37,38235,95],{"class":51},[37,38237,2397],{"class":102},[37,38239,106],{"class":51},[20,38241,112],{},[28,38243,38245],{"className":30,"code":38244,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38246,38247,38261,38275],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38248,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38250,808],{"class":47},[37,38252,37704],{"class":91},[37,38254,24724],{"class":756},[37,38256,37466],{"class":43},[37,38258,37473],{"class":34560},[37,38260,824],{"class":47},[37,38262,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38264,808],{"class":47},[37,38266,812],{"class":811},[37,38268,815],{"class":55},[37,38270,37704],{"class":59},[37,38272,821],{"class":55},[37,38274,824],{"class":47},[37,38276,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38278,1067],{"class":51},[37,38280,1129],{"class":122},[37,38282,65],{"class":51},[37,38284,1134],{"class":122},[37,38286,3760],{"class":51},[20,38288,38289],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[307,38291,38293],{"id":38292},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38295,38296],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[28,38298,38300],{"className":30,"code":38299,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38301,38302,38344,38348,38362],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38303,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38305,2362],{"class":43},[37,38307,48],{"class":47},[37,38309,37756],{"class":91},[37,38311,95],{"class":51},[37,38313,37761],{"class":811},[37,38315,37765],{"class":37764},[37,38317,3013],{"class":51},[37,38319,4005],{"class":102},[37,38321,4372],{"class":47},[37,38323,890],{"class":122},[37,38325,65],{"class":51},[37,38327,519],{"class":51},[37,38329,501],{"class":122},[37,38331,65],{"class":51},[37,38333,890],{"class":122},[37,38335,65],{"class":51},[37,38337,513],{"class":122},[37,38339,65],{"class":51},[37,38341,1134],{"class":122},[37,38343,530],{"class":51},[37,38345,38346],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38347,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38349,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38351,92],{"class":91},[37,38353,95],{"class":51},[37,38355,8213],{"class":756},[37,38357,95],{"class":51},[37,38359,2397],{"class":102},[37,38361,106],{"class":51},[37,38363,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,38365,92],{"class":91},[37,38367,95],{"class":51},[37,38369,8213],{"class":756},[37,38371,95],{"class":51},[37,38373,2397],{"class":102},[37,38375,106],{"class":51},[20,38377,112],{},[28,38379,38381],{"className":30,"code":38380,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38382,38383,38395],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38384,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38386,1067],{"class":51},[37,38388,1129],{"class":122},[37,38390,65],{"class":51},[37,38392,1134],{"class":122},[37,38394,3760],{"class":51},[37,38396,38397],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38398,38399],{"class":51},"[]\n",[20,38401,38402],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[130,38404,1872,38406,8823,38408],{"id":38405},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38407,37678],{},[15,38409,37761],{},[20,38411,15297,38412,38414],{},[15,38413,37761],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38416,38417],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[28,38419,38421],{"className":30,"code":38420,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38422,38423,38465,38469,38506],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38424,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439,38441,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38461,38463],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38426,965],{"class":43},[37,38428,48],{"class":47},[37,38430,519],{"class":51},[37,38432,56],{"class":55},[37,38434,329],{"class":59},[37,38436,56],{"class":55},[37,38438,65],{"class":51},[37,38440,68],{"class":55},[37,38442,38443],{"class":59},"kiwi",[37,38445,56],{"class":55},[37,38447,65],{"class":51},[37,38449,68],{"class":55},[37,38451,338],{"class":59},[37,38453,56],{"class":55},[37,38455,65],{"class":51},[37,38457,68],{"class":55},[37,38459,38460],{"class":59},"fig",[37,38462,56],{"class":55},[37,38464,3760],{"class":51},[37,38466,38467],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38468,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38470,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38484,38486,38488,38490,38493,38495,38498,38500,38502,38504],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38472,2362],{"class":43},[37,38474,48],{"class":47},[37,38476,37756],{"class":91},[37,38478,95],{"class":51},[37,38480,37761],{"class":811},[37,38482,38483],{"class":37764}," word",[37,38485,3013],{"class":51},[37,38487,241],{"class":91},[37,38489,95],{"class":51},[37,38491,38492],{"class":102},"word",[37,38494,18],{"class":51},[37,38496,38497],{"class":47}," >",[37,38499,1134],{"class":122},[37,38501,65],{"class":51},[37,38503,6289],{"class":102},[37,38505,85],{"class":51},[37,38507,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,38509,92],{"class":91},[37,38511,95],{"class":51},[37,38513,8213],{"class":756},[37,38515,95],{"class":51},[37,38517,2397],{"class":102},[37,38519,106],{"class":51},[20,38521,112],{},[28,38523,38525],{"className":30,"code":38524,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38526,38527],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38528,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38530,1067],{"class":51},[37,38532,821],{"class":55},[37,38534,329],{"class":59},[37,38536,821],{"class":55},[37,38538,65],{"class":51},[37,38540,815],{"class":55},[37,38542,338],{"class":59},[37,38544,821],{"class":55},[37,38546,3760],{"class":51},[20,38548,38549],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38551,38552,38553,292],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[285,38554,38556],{"href":38555},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[130,38558,1872,38560,38562],{"id":38559},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38561,37678],{}," with a named function",[20,38564,38565,38566,292],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38567,37761],{},[20,38569,38570],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[135,38572,38573,38576,38579],{},[138,38574,38575],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[138,38577,38578],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[138,38580,38581],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[28,38583,38585],{"className":30,"code":38584,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38586,38587,38600,38615,38619,38651,38670,38674],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38588,38589,38591,38594,38596,38598],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38590,34959],{"class":811},[37,38592,38593],{"class":34962}," is_even",[37,38595,95],{"class":51},[37,38597,2372],{"class":37764},[37,38599,8460],{"class":51},[37,38601,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38603,34970],{"class":1483},[37,38605,6508],{"class":43},[37,38607,6524],{"class":47},[37,38609,890],{"class":122},[37,38611,1495],{"class":47},[37,38613,38614],{"class":122}," 0\n",[37,38616,38617],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38618,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38620,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,38622,207],{"class":43},[37,38624,48],{"class":47},[37,38626,519],{"class":51},[37,38628,501],{"class":122},[37,38630,65],{"class":51},[37,38632,890],{"class":122},[37,38634,65],{"class":51},[37,38636,513],{"class":122},[37,38638,65],{"class":51},[37,38640,1134],{"class":122},[37,38642,65],{"class":51},[37,38644,527],{"class":122},[37,38646,65],{"class":51},[37,38648,1145],{"class":122},[37,38650,3760],{"class":51},[37,38652,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38664,38666,38668],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,38654,2362],{"class":43},[37,38656,48],{"class":47},[37,38658,37756],{"class":91},[37,38660,95],{"class":51},[37,38662,38663],{"class":102},"is_even",[37,38665,65],{"class":51},[37,38667,4383],{"class":102},[37,38669,85],{"class":51},[37,38671,38672],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,38673,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38675,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,38677,92],{"class":91},[37,38679,95],{"class":51},[37,38681,8213],{"class":756},[37,38683,95],{"class":51},[37,38685,2397],{"class":102},[37,38687,106],{"class":51},[20,38689,112],{},[28,38691,38693],{"className":30,"code":38692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38694,38695],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38696,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38698,1067],{"class":51},[37,38700,508],{"class":122},[37,38702,65],{"class":51},[37,38704,1134],{"class":122},[37,38706,65],{"class":51},[37,38708,1145],{"class":122},[37,38710,3760],{"class":51},[20,38712,1088,38713,2530,38716,38718],{},[15,38714,38715],{},"is_even()",[15,38717,3729],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[130,38720,1872,38722,8823,38724],{"id":38721},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38723,3904],{},[15,38725,37678],{},[20,38727,38728,38729,38731],{},"You can pass ",[15,38730,3904],{}," as the first argument:",[28,38733,38735],{"className":30,"code":38734,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38736,38737],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38738,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38740,37704],{"class":91},[37,38742,95],{"class":51},[37,38744,3904],{"class":3977},[37,38746,65],{"class":51},[37,38748,37967],{"class":102},[37,38750,85],{"class":51},[20,38752,38753,38754,7461],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[110,38755,5718],{},[20,38757,38758],{},"Falsy values include:",[135,38760,38761,38765,38770,38774],{},[138,38762,38763],{},[15,38764,1070],{},[138,38766,38767,38769],{},[15,38768,3899],{}," (empty string)",[138,38771,38772],{},[15,38773,3904],{},[138,38775,38776],{},[15,38777,3799],{},[20,38779,197],{},[28,38781,38783],{"className":30,"code":38782,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38784,38785,38829,38833,38851],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38786,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38788,670],{"class":43},[37,38790,48],{"class":47},[37,38792,519],{"class":51},[37,38794,1070],{"class":122},[37,38796,65],{"class":51},[37,38798,5619],{"class":122},[37,38800,65],{"class":51},[37,38802,6247],{"class":55},[37,38804,65],{"class":51},[37,38806,68],{"class":55},[37,38808,3970],{"class":59},[37,38810,56],{"class":55},[37,38812,65],{"class":51},[37,38814,3978],{"class":3977},[37,38816,65],{"class":51},[37,38818,4039],{"class":3977},[37,38820,65],{"class":51},[37,38822,4030],{"class":3977},[37,38824,65],{"class":51},[37,38826,527],{"class":122},[37,38828,3760],{"class":51},[37,38830,38831],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38832,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,38834,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38836,2362],{"class":43},[37,38838,48],{"class":47},[37,38840,37756],{"class":91},[37,38842,95],{"class":51},[37,38844,3904],{"class":3977},[37,38846,65],{"class":51},[37,38848,6087],{"class":102},[37,38850,85],{"class":51},[37,38852,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,38854,92],{"class":91},[37,38856,95],{"class":51},[37,38858,8213],{"class":756},[37,38860,95],{"class":51},[37,38862,2397],{"class":102},[37,38864,106],{"class":51},[20,38866,112],{},[28,38868,38870],{"className":30,"code":38869,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38871,38872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38873,38874,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38875,1067],{"class":51},[37,38877,501],{"class":122},[37,38879,65],{"class":51},[37,38881,815],{"class":55},[37,38883,3970],{"class":59},[37,38885,821],{"class":55},[37,38887,65],{"class":51},[37,38889,4039],{"class":3977},[37,38891,65],{"class":51},[37,38893,527],{"class":122},[37,38895,3760],{"class":51},[20,38897,38898],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[130,38900,5080,38902],{"id":38901},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38903,37678],{},[20,38905,22,38906,38908],{},[15,38907,37678],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38910,38911],{},"It works well for:",[135,38913,38914,38917,38920],{},[138,38915,38916],{},"simple filtering rules",[138,38918,38919],{},"quick data cleaning",[138,38921,38922],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38924,197],{},[28,38926,38928],{"className":30,"code":38927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38929,38930,38962,38995,38999],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,38931,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,38933,207],{"class":43},[37,38935,48],{"class":47},[37,38937,519],{"class":51},[37,38939,501],{"class":122},[37,38941,65],{"class":51},[37,38943,890],{"class":122},[37,38945,65],{"class":51},[37,38947,513],{"class":122},[37,38949,65],{"class":51},[37,38951,1134],{"class":122},[37,38953,65],{"class":51},[37,38955,527],{"class":122},[37,38957,65],{"class":51},[37,38959,1145],{"class":122},[37,38961,3760],{"class":51},[37,38963,38964,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,38965,38966],{"class":43},"evens ",[37,38968,48],{"class":47},[37,38970,37756],{"class":91},[37,38972,95],{"class":51},[37,38974,37761],{"class":811},[37,38976,37765],{"class":37764},[37,38978,3013],{"class":51},[37,38980,4005],{"class":102},[37,38982,6524],{"class":47},[37,38984,890],{"class":122},[37,38986,1495],{"class":47},[37,38988,1498],{"class":122},[37,38990,65],{"class":51},[37,38992,4383],{"class":102},[37,38994,85],{"class":51},[37,38996,38997],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,38998,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,39000,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39012],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,39002,92],{"class":91},[37,39004,95],{"class":51},[37,39006,8213],{"class":756},[37,39008,95],{"class":51},[37,39010,39011],{"class":102},"evens",[37,39013,106],{"class":51},[20,39015,112],{},[28,39017,39018],{"className":30,"code":38692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,39019,39020],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39021,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39023,1067],{"class":51},[37,39025,508],{"class":122},[37,39027,65],{"class":51},[37,39029,1134],{"class":122},[37,39031,65],{"class":51},[37,39033,1145],{"class":122},[37,39035,3760],{"class":51},[20,39037,39038,39039,39041],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39040,1767],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[28,39043,39045],{"className":30,"code":39044,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39046,39047,39079,39087,39091,39103,39119,39134,39138],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39048,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39050,207],{"class":43},[37,39052,48],{"class":47},[37,39054,519],{"class":51},[37,39056,501],{"class":122},[37,39058,65],{"class":51},[37,39060,890],{"class":122},[37,39062,65],{"class":51},[37,39064,513],{"class":122},[37,39066,65],{"class":51},[37,39068,1134],{"class":122},[37,39070,65],{"class":51},[37,39072,527],{"class":122},[37,39074,65],{"class":51},[37,39076,1145],{"class":122},[37,39078,3760],{"class":51},[37,39080,39081,39083,39085],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39082,38966],{"class":43},[37,39084,48],{"class":47},[37,39086,7958],{"class":51},[37,39088,39089],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,39090,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,39092,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,39094,1767],{"class":1483},[37,39096,6508],{"class":43},[37,39098,1773],{"class":1483},[37,39100,4383],{"class":43},[37,39102,1501],{"class":51},[37,39104,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,39106,6519],{"class":1483},[37,39108,6508],{"class":43},[37,39110,6524],{"class":47},[37,39112,890],{"class":122},[37,39114,1495],{"class":47},[37,39116,1498],{"class":122},[37,39118,1501],{"class":51},[37,39120,39121,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,39122,39123],{"class":43},"        evens",[37,39125,292],{"class":51},[37,39127,13662],{"class":102},[37,39129,95],{"class":51},[37,39131,2372],{"class":102},[37,39133,85],{"class":51},[37,39135,39136],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,39137,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,39139,39140,39142,39144,39146],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,39141,92],{"class":91},[37,39143,95],{"class":51},[37,39145,39011],{"class":102},[37,39147,85],{"class":51},[20,39149,112],{},[28,39151,39152],{"className":30,"code":38692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,39153,39154],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39155,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39157,1067],{"class":51},[37,39159,508],{"class":122},[37,39161,65],{"class":51},[37,39163,1134],{"class":122},[37,39165,65],{"class":51},[37,39167,1145],{"class":122},[37,39169,3760],{"class":51},[20,39171,39172],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[28,39174,39176],{"className":30,"code":39175,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39177,39178,39210,39243,39247],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39179,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39181,207],{"class":43},[37,39183,48],{"class":47},[37,39185,519],{"class":51},[37,39187,501],{"class":122},[37,39189,65],{"class":51},[37,39191,890],{"class":122},[37,39193,65],{"class":51},[37,39195,513],{"class":122},[37,39197,65],{"class":51},[37,39199,1134],{"class":122},[37,39201,65],{"class":51},[37,39203,527],{"class":122},[37,39205,65],{"class":51},[37,39207,1145],{"class":122},[37,39209,3760],{"class":51},[37,39211,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39213,38966],{"class":43},[37,39215,48],{"class":47},[37,39217,519],{"class":51},[37,39219,2349],{"class":43},[37,39221,1767],{"class":1483},[37,39223,6508],{"class":43},[37,39225,1773],{"class":1483},[37,39227,39228],{"class":43}," numbers ",[37,39230,1484],{"class":1483},[37,39232,6508],{"class":43},[37,39234,6524],{"class":47},[37,39236,890],{"class":122},[37,39238,1495],{"class":47},[37,39240,1498],{"class":122},[37,39242,3760],{"class":51},[37,39244,39245],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,39246,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,39248,39249,39251,39253,39255],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,39250,92],{"class":91},[37,39252,95],{"class":51},[37,39254,39011],{"class":102},[37,39256,85],{"class":51},[20,39258,112],{},[28,39260,39261],{"className":30,"code":38692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,39262,39263],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39264,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39266,1067],{"class":51},[37,39268,508],{"class":122},[37,39270,65],{"class":51},[37,39272,1134],{"class":122},[37,39274,65],{"class":51},[37,39276,1145],{"class":122},[37,39278,3760],{"class":51},[20,39280,39281,39282,292],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[285,39283,39285],{"href":39284},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[130,39287,1854],{"id":1853},[20,39289,14843,39290,292],{},[15,39291,37678],{},[307,39293,1880,39295,39297],{"id":39294},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39296,37678],{}," to return a list",[20,39299,39300],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[28,39302,39304],{"className":30,"code":39303,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39305,39306,39348],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39307,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39309,2362],{"class":43},[37,39311,48],{"class":47},[37,39313,37756],{"class":91},[37,39315,95],{"class":51},[37,39317,37761],{"class":811},[37,39319,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39321,3013],{"class":51},[37,39323,4005],{"class":102},[37,39325,4372],{"class":47},[37,39327,890],{"class":122},[37,39329,65],{"class":51},[37,39331,519],{"class":51},[37,39333,501],{"class":122},[37,39335,65],{"class":51},[37,39337,890],{"class":122},[37,39339,65],{"class":51},[37,39341,513],{"class":122},[37,39343,65],{"class":51},[37,39345,1134],{"class":122},[37,39347,530],{"class":51},[37,39349,39350,39352,39354,39356],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39351,92],{"class":91},[37,39353,95],{"class":51},[37,39355,2397],{"class":102},[37,39357,85],{"class":51},[20,39359,39360],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39362,39363],{},"Fix:",[28,39365,39367],{"className":30,"code":39366,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39368,39369,39411],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39370,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39372,2362],{"class":43},[37,39374,48],{"class":47},[37,39376,37756],{"class":91},[37,39378,95],{"class":51},[37,39380,37761],{"class":811},[37,39382,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39384,3013],{"class":51},[37,39386,4005],{"class":102},[37,39388,4372],{"class":47},[37,39390,890],{"class":122},[37,39392,65],{"class":51},[37,39394,519],{"class":51},[37,39396,501],{"class":122},[37,39398,65],{"class":51},[37,39400,890],{"class":122},[37,39402,65],{"class":51},[37,39404,513],{"class":122},[37,39406,65],{"class":51},[37,39408,1134],{"class":122},[37,39410,530],{"class":51},[37,39412,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39414,92],{"class":91},[37,39416,95],{"class":51},[37,39418,8213],{"class":756},[37,39420,95],{"class":51},[37,39422,2397],{"class":102},[37,39424,106],{"class":51},[307,39426,39428,39429,3006,39431,39433],{"id":39427},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39430,3729],{},[15,39432,3799],{}," clearly",[20,39435,39436],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39438,39439],{},"Good example:",[28,39441,39443],{"className":30,"code":39442,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39444,39445,39458],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39446,39447,39449,39452,39454,39456],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39448,34959],{"class":811},[37,39450,39451],{"class":34962}," is_positive",[37,39453,95],{"class":51},[37,39455,2372],{"class":37764},[37,39457,8460],{"class":51},[37,39459,39460,39462,39464,39466],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39461,34970],{"class":1483},[37,39463,6508],{"class":43},[37,39465,4372],{"class":47},[37,39467,38614],{"class":122},[20,39469,39470],{},"Then use it with:",[28,39472,39474],{"className":30,"code":39473,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39475,39476,39508],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39477,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39479,207],{"class":43},[37,39481,48],{"class":47},[37,39483,519],{"class":51},[37,39485,2159],{"class":47},[37,39487,508],{"class":122},[37,39489,65],{"class":51},[37,39491,2354],{"class":47},[37,39493,501],{"class":122},[37,39495,65],{"class":51},[37,39497,1498],{"class":122},[37,39499,65],{"class":51},[37,39501,5619],{"class":122},[37,39503,65],{"class":51},[37,39505,890],{"class":122},[37,39507,3760],{"class":51},[37,39509,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39525,39527,39529],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39511,92],{"class":91},[37,39513,95],{"class":51},[37,39515,8213],{"class":756},[37,39517,95],{"class":51},[37,39519,37704],{"class":91},[37,39521,95],{"class":51},[37,39523,39524],{"class":102},"is_positive",[37,39526,65],{"class":51},[37,39528,4383],{"class":102},[37,39530,3041],{"class":51},[20,39532,112],{},[28,39534,39536],{"className":30,"code":39535,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39537,39538],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39539,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39541,1067],{"class":51},[37,39543,501],{"class":122},[37,39545,65],{"class":51},[37,39547,890],{"class":122},[37,39549,3760],{"class":51},[307,39551,39553],{"id":39552},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39555,39556],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[28,39558,39559],{"className":30,"code":38299,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,39560,39561,39603,39607,39621],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39562,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39564,2362],{"class":43},[37,39566,48],{"class":47},[37,39568,37756],{"class":91},[37,39570,95],{"class":51},[37,39572,37761],{"class":811},[37,39574,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39576,3013],{"class":51},[37,39578,4005],{"class":102},[37,39580,4372],{"class":47},[37,39582,890],{"class":122},[37,39584,65],{"class":51},[37,39586,519],{"class":51},[37,39588,501],{"class":122},[37,39590,65],{"class":51},[37,39592,890],{"class":122},[37,39594,65],{"class":51},[37,39596,513],{"class":122},[37,39598,65],{"class":51},[37,39600,1134],{"class":122},[37,39602,530],{"class":51},[37,39604,39605],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39606,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,39608,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,39610,92],{"class":91},[37,39612,95],{"class":51},[37,39614,8213],{"class":756},[37,39616,95],{"class":51},[37,39618,2397],{"class":102},[37,39620,106],{"class":51},[37,39622,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,39624,92],{"class":91},[37,39626,95],{"class":51},[37,39628,8213],{"class":756},[37,39630,95],{"class":51},[37,39632,2397],{"class":102},[37,39634,106],{"class":51},[20,39636,112],{},[28,39638,39639],{"className":30,"code":38380,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,39640,39641,39653],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39642,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39644,1067],{"class":51},[37,39646,1129],{"class":122},[37,39648,65],{"class":51},[37,39650,1134],{"class":122},[37,39652,3760],{"class":51},[37,39654,39655],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39656,38399],{"class":51},[20,39658,39659],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[28,39661,39663],{"className":30,"code":39662,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39664,39665,39711,39715,39725],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39666,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39668,2362],{"class":43},[37,39670,48],{"class":47},[37,39672,22666],{"class":756},[37,39674,95],{"class":51},[37,39676,37704],{"class":91},[37,39678,95],{"class":51},[37,39680,37761],{"class":811},[37,39682,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39684,3013],{"class":51},[37,39686,4005],{"class":102},[37,39688,4372],{"class":47},[37,39690,890],{"class":122},[37,39692,65],{"class":51},[37,39694,519],{"class":51},[37,39696,501],{"class":122},[37,39698,65],{"class":51},[37,39700,890],{"class":122},[37,39702,65],{"class":51},[37,39704,513],{"class":122},[37,39706,65],{"class":51},[37,39708,1134],{"class":122},[37,39710,1073],{"class":51},[37,39712,39713],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39714,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,39716,39717,39719,39721,39723],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,39718,92],{"class":91},[37,39720,95],{"class":51},[37,39722,2397],{"class":102},[37,39724,85],{"class":51},[37,39726,39727,39729,39731,39733],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,39728,92],{"class":91},[37,39730,95],{"class":51},[37,39732,2397],{"class":102},[37,39734,85],{"class":51},[307,39736,39738],{"id":39737},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39740,39741],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39743,16753],{},[28,39745,39747],{"className":30,"code":39746,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39748,39749],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39750,39751],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39752,39746],{"class":3788},[20,39754,1382,39755,6672],{},[15,39756,214],{},[20,39758,16765],{},[28,39760,39762],{"className":30,"code":39761,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39763,39764],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39765,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39767,92],{"class":91},[37,39769,95],{"class":51},[37,39771,8213],{"class":756},[37,39773,95],{"class":51},[37,39775,37704],{"class":91},[37,39777,95],{"class":51},[37,39779,37761],{"class":811},[37,39781,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39783,3013],{"class":51},[37,39785,4005],{"class":102},[37,39787,4372],{"class":47},[37,39789,890],{"class":122},[37,39791,65],{"class":51},[37,39793,519],{"class":51},[37,39795,501],{"class":122},[37,39797,65],{"class":51},[37,39799,890],{"class":122},[37,39801,65],{"class":51},[37,39803,513],{"class":122},[37,39805,65],{"class":51},[37,39807,1134],{"class":122},[37,39809,37367],{"class":51},[307,39811,37306,39813,8823,39815],{"id":39812},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39814,37678],{},[15,39816,39817],{},"map()",[135,39819,39820,39825],{},[138,39821,39822,39824],{},[15,39823,37678],{}," keeps or removes items",[138,39826,39827,39829],{},[15,39828,39817],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39831,39832,39833,3013],{},"Example of ",[15,39834,37678],{},[28,39836,39838],{"className":30,"code":39837,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39839,39840,39864],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39841,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39843,207],{"class":43},[37,39845,48],{"class":47},[37,39847,519],{"class":51},[37,39849,501],{"class":122},[37,39851,65],{"class":51},[37,39853,890],{"class":122},[37,39855,65],{"class":51},[37,39857,513],{"class":122},[37,39859,65],{"class":51},[37,39861,1134],{"class":122},[37,39863,3760],{"class":51},[37,39865,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39867,92],{"class":91},[37,39869,95],{"class":51},[37,39871,8213],{"class":756},[37,39873,95],{"class":51},[37,39875,37704],{"class":91},[37,39877,95],{"class":51},[37,39879,37761],{"class":811},[37,39881,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39883,3013],{"class":51},[37,39885,4005],{"class":102},[37,39887,4372],{"class":47},[37,39889,890],{"class":122},[37,39891,65],{"class":51},[37,39893,4383],{"class":102},[37,39895,3041],{"class":51},[20,39897,112],{},[28,39899,39901],{"className":30,"code":39900,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39902,39903],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39904,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39906,1067],{"class":51},[37,39908,1129],{"class":122},[37,39910,65],{"class":51},[37,39912,1134],{"class":122},[37,39914,3760],{"class":51},[20,39916,39832,39917,3013],{},[15,39918,39817],{},[28,39920,39922],{"className":30,"code":39921,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39923,39924,39948],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39925,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39927,207],{"class":43},[37,39929,48],{"class":47},[37,39931,519],{"class":51},[37,39933,501],{"class":122},[37,39935,65],{"class":51},[37,39937,890],{"class":122},[37,39939,65],{"class":51},[37,39941,513],{"class":122},[37,39943,65],{"class":51},[37,39945,1134],{"class":122},[37,39947,3760],{"class":51},[37,39949,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39961,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39974,39976,39978,39980],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,39951,92],{"class":91},[37,39953,95],{"class":51},[37,39955,8213],{"class":756},[37,39957,95],{"class":51},[37,39959,39960],{"class":91},"map",[37,39962,95],{"class":51},[37,39964,37761],{"class":811},[37,39966,37765],{"class":37764},[37,39968,3013],{"class":51},[37,39970,4005],{"class":102},[37,39972,39973],{"class":47},"*",[37,39975,890],{"class":122},[37,39977,65],{"class":51},[37,39979,4383],{"class":102},[37,39981,3041],{"class":51},[20,39983,112],{},[28,39985,39987],{"className":30,"code":39986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39988,39989],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,39990,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,39992,1067],{"class":51},[37,39994,508],{"class":122},[37,39996,65],{"class":51},[37,39998,1134],{"class":122},[37,40000,65],{"class":51},[37,40002,1145],{"class":122},[37,40004,65],{"class":51},[37,40006,6481],{"class":122},[37,40008,3760],{"class":51},[20,40010,40011,40012,292],{},"For the related function, see ",[285,40013,288,40015,291],{"href":40014},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40016,39817],{},[130,40018,1969],{"id":1968},[307,40020,1983,40022,40024],{"id":40021},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40023,37678],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40026,40027,40028,40030],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40029,24888],{}," if needed.",[307,40032,40034,40035,40037],{"id":40033},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40036,37678],{}," need to return?",[20,40039,37984,40040,40042,40043,40045],{},[15,40041,3729],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40044,3799],{}," to remove it.",[307,40047,28435,40049,40051],{"id":40048},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40050,37678],{}," without lambda?",[20,40053,40054],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[307,40056,5262,40058,40061],{"id":40057},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40059,40060],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40063,40064,40065,40067,40068,17181,40070,292],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40066,1070],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40069,3904],{},[15,40071,3799],{},[307,40073,21527,40075,40077],{"id":40074},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40076,37678],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40079,40080,40081,40083],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40082,1767],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40085,40086],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[135,40088,40089,40095,40101],{},[138,40090,40091,40092,40094],{},"use ",[15,40093,37678],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[138,40096,40097,40098,40100],{},"use a ",[15,40099,1767],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[138,40102,40103],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40105,40106,40107,292],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[285,40108,5252],{"href":40109},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[130,40111,2025],{"id":2024},[135,40113,40114,40119,40123,40128,40134],{},[138,40115,40116],{},[285,40117,40118],{"href":38555},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[138,40120,40121],{},[285,40122,5342],{"href":40109},[138,40124,40125],{},[285,40126,40127],{"href":39284},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[138,40129,40130],{},[285,40131,288,40132,291],{"href":40014},[15,40133,39817],{},[138,40135,40136],{},[285,40137,5337],{"href":5708},[2052,40139,40140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":40142},[40143,40144,40146,40150,40153,40155,40157,40159,40161,40171,40183],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":37811,"depth":88,"text":40145},"What filter() does",{"id":37945,"depth":88,"text":37946,"children":40147},[40148,40149],{"id":37962,"depth":251,"text":37962},{"id":3846,"depth":251,"text":3846},{"id":38121,"depth":88,"text":38122,"children":40151},[40152],{"id":38292,"depth":251,"text":38293},{"id":38405,"depth":88,"text":40154},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38559,"depth":88,"text":40156},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38721,"depth":88,"text":40158},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38901,"depth":88,"text":40160},"When to use filter()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":40162},[40163,40165,40167,40168,40169],{"id":39294,"depth":251,"text":40164},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39427,"depth":251,"text":40166},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39552,"depth":251,"text":39553},{"id":39737,"depth":251,"text":39738},{"id":39812,"depth":251,"text":40170},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":40172},[40173,40175,40177,40179,40181],{"id":40021,"depth":251,"text":40174},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40033,"depth":251,"text":40176},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40048,"depth":251,"text":40178},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40057,"depth":251,"text":40180},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40074,"depth":251,"text":40182},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37670,"description":40184},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40191,"title":40192,"body":40193,"description":42344,"extension":2099,"meta":42345,"navigation":254,"path":42346,"seo":42347,"stem":42348,"__hash__":42349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40194,"toc":42298},[40195,40198,40203,40209,40211,40263,40265,40284,40289,40293,40298,40301,40316,40319,40341,40343,40392,40394,40418,40420,40422,40437,40442,40450,40465,40467,40476,40479,40514,40518,40523,40527,40534,40569,40571,40587,40591,40594,40635,40637,40651,40655,40658,40682,40684,40693,40697,40700,40733,40735,40748,40752,40758,40777,40779,40787,40791,40796,40800,40806,40829,40831,40860,40863,40882,40886,40889,40916,40918,40952,40956,40959,40983,40987,40998,41000,41005,41011,41013,41097,41099,41141,41144,41148,41155,41164,41220,41227,41236,41241,41245,41316,41318,41327,41331,41334,41376,41378,41387,41391,41397,41447,41451,41456,41460,41484,41486,41495,41499,41523,41525,41536,41540,41564,41566,41575,41578,41595,41601,41605,41611,41614,41619,41622,41643,41645,41677,41680,41685,41687,41698,41700,41744,41748,41755,41807,41809,41818,41822,41825,41918,41921,41945,41949,41952,42044,42049,42053,42060,42065,42089,42091,42100,42105,42128,42130,42138,42145,42168,42176,42178,42191,42201,42203,42207,42214,42218,42227,42231,42238,42242,42246,42250,42263,42265,42295],[10,40196,40192],{"id":40197},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40199,9242,40200,40202],{},[15,40201,3012],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40204,40205,40206,40208],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40207,3012],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[130,40210,2140],{"id":2139},[28,40212,40214],{"className":30,"code":40213,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40215,40216,40230,40249],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40217,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40228],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40219,92],{"class":91},[37,40221,95],{"class":51},[37,40223,2324],{"class":756},[37,40225,95],{"class":51},[37,40227,446],{"class":122},[37,40229,106],{"class":51},[37,40231,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242,40245,40247],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40233,92],{"class":91},[37,40235,95],{"class":51},[37,40237,2324],{"class":756},[37,40239,95],{"class":51},[37,40241,56],{"class":55},[37,40243,40244],{"class":59},"3.14",[37,40246,56],{"class":55},[37,40248,106],{"class":51},[37,40250,40251,40253,40255,40257,40259,40261],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,40252,92],{"class":91},[37,40254,95],{"class":51},[37,40256,2324],{"class":756},[37,40258,95],{"class":51},[37,40260,3729],{"class":3977},[37,40262,106],{"class":51},[20,40264,112],{},[28,40266,40268],{"className":30,"code":40267,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40269,40270,40274,40279],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40271,40272],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40273,2610],{"class":122},[37,40275,40276],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40277,40278],{"class":122},"3.14\n",[37,40280,40281],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,40282,40283],{"class":122},"1.0\n",[20,40285,22,40286,40288],{},[15,40287,3012],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[130,40290,40292],{"id":40291},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40294,40295,40297],{},[15,40296,3012],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40299,40300],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[135,40302,40303,40307,40311],{},[138,40304,40305],{},[15,40306,2622],{},[138,40308,40309],{},[15,40310,40244],{},[138,40312,40313],{},[15,40314,40315],{},"0.5",[20,40317,40318],{},"A few key points:",[135,40320,40321,40328,40331,40334],{},[138,40322,40323,40325,40326],{},[15,40324,3012],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40327,2324],{},[138,40329,40330],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[138,40332,40333],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[138,40335,40336,40337],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[285,40338,40339],{"href":8337},[15,40340,3087],{},[20,40342,197],{},[28,40344,40346],{"className":30,"code":40345,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40347,40348,40368,40378],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40349,40350,40352,40354,40357,40359,40361,40364,40366],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40351,2349],{"class":43},[37,40353,48],{"class":47},[37,40355,40356],{"class":756}," float",[37,40358,95],{"class":51},[37,40360,56],{"class":55},[37,40362,40363],{"class":59},"2.75",[37,40365,56],{"class":55},[37,40367,85],{"class":51},[37,40369,40370,40372,40374,40376],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40371,92],{"class":91},[37,40373,95],{"class":51},[37,40375,2372],{"class":102},[37,40377,85],{"class":51},[37,40379,40380,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,40381,92],{"class":91},[37,40383,95],{"class":51},[37,40385,757],{"class":756},[37,40387,95],{"class":51},[37,40389,2372],{"class":102},[37,40391,106],{"class":51},[20,40393,112],{},[28,40395,40397],{"className":30,"code":40396,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40398,40399,40404],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40400,40401],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40402,40403],{"class":122},"2.75\n",[37,40405,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414,40416],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40407,808],{"class":47},[37,40409,812],{"class":811},[37,40411,815],{"class":55},[37,40413,2324],{"class":59},[37,40415,821],{"class":55},[37,40417,824],{"class":47},[130,40419,159],{"id":158},[20,40421,7339],{},[28,40423,40425],{"className":30,"code":40424,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"float(value)\n",[15,40426,40427],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40428,40429,40431,40433,40435],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40430,2324],{"class":756},[37,40432,95],{"class":51},[37,40434,1215],{"class":102},[37,40436,85],{"class":51},[20,40438,40439,40440,292],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40441,3012],{},[20,40443,40444,40445,40447,40448,3013],{},"If you call ",[15,40446,3012],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40449,3894],{},[28,40451,40453],{"className":30,"code":40452,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float())\n",[15,40454,40455],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40456,40457,40459,40461,40463],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40458,92],{"class":91},[37,40460,95],{"class":51},[37,40462,2324],{"class":756},[37,40464,7315],{"class":51},[20,40466,112],{},[28,40468,40470],{"className":30,"code":40469,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0.0\n",[15,40471,40472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40473,40474],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40475,40469],{"class":122},[20,40477,40478],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[28,40480,40482],{"className":30,"code":40481,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40483,40484,40504],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40485,40486,40489,40491,40493,40495,40497,40500,40502],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40487,40488],{"class":43},"price ",[37,40490,48],{"class":47},[37,40492,40356],{"class":756},[37,40494,95],{"class":51},[37,40496,56],{"class":55},[37,40498,40499],{"class":59},"19.99",[37,40501,56],{"class":55},[37,40503,85],{"class":51},[37,40505,40506,40508,40510,40512],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40507,92],{"class":91},[37,40509,95],{"class":51},[37,40511,25257],{"class":102},[37,40513,85],{"class":51},[130,40515,40517],{"id":40516},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40519,40520,40522],{},[15,40521,3012],{}," can convert several common value types.",[307,40524,40526],{"id":40525},"integers","Integers",[20,40528,40529,40530,40533],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40531,40532],{},".0"," added:",[28,40535,40537],{"className":30,"code":40536,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40538,40539,40553],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40540,40541,40543,40545,40547,40549,40551],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40542,92],{"class":91},[37,40544,95],{"class":51},[37,40546,2324],{"class":756},[37,40548,95],{"class":51},[37,40550,446],{"class":122},[37,40552,106],{"class":51},[37,40554,40555,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40556,92],{"class":91},[37,40558,95],{"class":51},[37,40560,2324],{"class":756},[37,40562,95],{"class":51},[37,40564,2159],{"class":47},[37,40566,508],{"class":122},[37,40568,106],{"class":51},[20,40570,112],{},[28,40572,40574],{"className":30,"code":40573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40575,40576,40580],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40577,40578],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40579,2610],{"class":122},[37,40581,40582,40584],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40583,2159],{"class":47},[37,40585,40586],{"class":122},"2.0\n",[307,40588,40590],{"id":40589},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40592,40593],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[28,40595,40597],{"className":30,"code":40596,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40598,40599,40617],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40600,40601,40603,40605,40607,40609,40611,40613,40615],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40602,92],{"class":91},[37,40604,95],{"class":51},[37,40606,2324],{"class":756},[37,40608,95],{"class":51},[37,40610,56],{"class":55},[37,40612,40244],{"class":59},[37,40614,56],{"class":55},[37,40616,106],{"class":51},[37,40618,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629,40631,40633],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40620,92],{"class":91},[37,40622,95],{"class":51},[37,40624,2324],{"class":756},[37,40626,95],{"class":51},[37,40628,56],{"class":55},[37,40630,214],{"class":59},[37,40632,56],{"class":55},[37,40634,106],{"class":51},[20,40636,112],{},[28,40638,40640],{"className":30,"code":40639,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40641,40642,40646],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40643,40644],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40645,40278],{"class":122},[37,40647,40648],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40649,40650],{"class":122},"10.0\n",[307,40652,40654],{"id":40653},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40656,40657],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[28,40659,40661],{"className":30,"code":40660,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40662,40663],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40664,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675,40678,40680],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40666,92],{"class":91},[37,40668,95],{"class":51},[37,40670,2324],{"class":756},[37,40672,95],{"class":51},[37,40674,56],{"class":55},[37,40676,40677],{"class":59},"  8.5  ",[37,40679,56],{"class":55},[37,40681,106],{"class":51},[20,40683,112],{},[28,40685,40687],{"className":30,"code":40686,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"8.5\n",[15,40688,40689],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40690,40691],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40692,40686],{"class":122},[307,40694,40696],{"id":40695},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40698,40699],{},"Boolean values also work:",[28,40701,40703],{"className":30,"code":40702,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40704,40705,40719],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40706,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715,40717],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40708,92],{"class":91},[37,40710,95],{"class":51},[37,40712,2324],{"class":756},[37,40714,95],{"class":51},[37,40716,3729],{"class":3977},[37,40718,106],{"class":51},[37,40720,40721,40723,40725,40727,40729,40731],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40722,92],{"class":91},[37,40724,95],{"class":51},[37,40726,2324],{"class":756},[37,40728,95],{"class":51},[37,40730,3799],{"class":3977},[37,40732,106],{"class":51},[20,40734,112],{},[28,40736,40738],{"className":30,"code":40737,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40739,40740,40744],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40741,40742],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40743,40283],{"class":122},[37,40745,40746],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,40747,40469],{"class":122},[307,40749,40751],{"id":40750},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40753,40754,40755,40757],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40756,3012],{}," returns a float version of it:",[28,40759,40761],{"className":30,"code":40760,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40762,40763],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40764,40765,40767,40769,40771,40773,40775],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40766,92],{"class":91},[37,40768,95],{"class":51},[37,40770,2324],{"class":756},[37,40772,95],{"class":51},[37,40774,2495],{"class":122},[37,40776,106],{"class":51},[20,40778,112],{},[28,40780,40781],{"className":30,"code":2519,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,40782,40783],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40784,40785],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40786,2519],{"class":122},[130,40788,40790],{"id":40789},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40792,40793,40794,292],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40795,3012],{},[307,40797,40799],{"id":40798},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40801,40802,40803,3013],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40804,40805],{},"ValueError",[28,40807,40809],{"className":30,"code":40808,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40810,40811],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40812,40813,40815,40817,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40814,92],{"class":91},[37,40816,95],{"class":51},[37,40818,2324],{"class":756},[37,40820,95],{"class":51},[37,40822,56],{"class":55},[37,40824,3970],{"class":59},[37,40826,56],{"class":55},[37,40828,106],{"class":51},[20,40830,29788],{},[28,40832,40834],{"className":30,"code":40833,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40835,40836],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40837,40838,40840,40842,40845,40847,40850,40852,40854,40856,40858],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40839,40805],{"class":756},[37,40841,3013],{"class":51},[37,40843,40844],{"class":43}," could ",[37,40846,711],{"class":47},[37,40848,40849],{"class":43}," convert string to ",[37,40851,2324],{"class":756},[37,40853,3013],{"class":51},[37,40855,815],{"class":55},[37,40857,3970],{"class":59},[37,40859,29807],{"class":55},[20,40861,40862],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[28,40864,40866],{"className":30,"code":40865,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40867,40868],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40869,40870,40872,40874,40876,40878,40880],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40871,92],{"class":91},[37,40873,95],{"class":51},[37,40875,2324],{"class":756},[37,40877,95],{"class":51},[37,40879,6393],{"class":55},[37,40881,106],{"class":51},[307,40883,40885],{"id":40884},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40887,40888],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[28,40890,40892],{"className":30,"code":40891,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40893,40894],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40895,40896,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40897,92],{"class":91},[37,40899,95],{"class":51},[37,40901,2324],{"class":756},[37,40903,3115],{"class":51},[37,40905,501],{"class":122},[37,40907,65],{"class":51},[37,40909,890],{"class":122},[37,40911,65],{"class":51},[37,40913,513],{"class":122},[37,40915,1073],{"class":51},[20,40917,29788],{},[28,40919,40921],{"className":30,"code":40920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40922,40923],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40924,40925,40927,40929,40931,40933,40936,40939,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40926,3133],{"class":756},[37,40928,3013],{"class":51},[37,40930,40356],{"class":756},[37,40932,7487],{"class":51},[37,40934,40935],{"class":43}," argument must be a string ",[37,40937,40938],{"class":47},"or",[37,40940,40941],{"class":43}," a real number",[37,40943,65],{"class":51},[37,40945,8218],{"class":47},[37,40947,815],{"class":55},[37,40949,8213],{"class":59},[37,40951,29807],{"class":55},[307,40953,40955],{"id":40954},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40957,40958],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[28,40960,40962],{"className":30,"code":40961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40963,40964],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,40965,40966,40968,40970,40972,40974,40976,40979,40981],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,40967,92],{"class":91},[37,40969,95],{"class":51},[37,40971,2324],{"class":756},[37,40973,95],{"class":51},[37,40975,56],{"class":55},[37,40977,40978],{"class":59},"3,14",[37,40980,56],{"class":55},[37,40982,106],{"class":51},[20,40984,3130,40985,292],{},[15,40986,40805],{},[20,40988,40989,40990,851,40994,292],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[285,40991,40993],{"href":40992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[285,40995,40997],{"href":40996},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[130,40999,17528],{"id":17527},[20,41001,41002,41004],{},[15,41003,3012],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41006,41007,41008,41010],{},"It does ",[110,41009,711],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41012,197],{},[28,41014,41016],{"className":30,"code":41015,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41017,41018,41031,41045,41049,41059,41069,41083],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41019,41020,41022,41024,41026,41029],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41021,34795],{"class":43},[37,41023,48],{"class":47},[37,41025,68],{"class":55},[37,41027,41028],{"class":59},"6.5",[37,41030,3484],{"class":55},[37,41032,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41034,2349],{"class":43},[37,41036,48],{"class":47},[37,41038,40356],{"class":756},[37,41040,95],{"class":51},[37,41042,34816],{"class":102},[37,41044,85],{"class":51},[37,41046,41047],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41048,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41050,41051,41053,41055,41057],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41052,92],{"class":91},[37,41054,95],{"class":51},[37,41056,34816],{"class":102},[37,41058,85],{"class":51},[37,41060,41061,41063,41065,41067],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,41062,92],{"class":91},[37,41064,95],{"class":51},[37,41066,2372],{"class":102},[37,41068,85],{"class":51},[37,41070,41071,41073,41075,41077,41079,41081],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,41072,92],{"class":91},[37,41074,95],{"class":51},[37,41076,757],{"class":756},[37,41078,95],{"class":51},[37,41080,34816],{"class":102},[37,41082,106],{"class":51},[37,41084,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093,41095],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,41086,92],{"class":91},[37,41088,95],{"class":51},[37,41090,757],{"class":756},[37,41092,95],{"class":51},[37,41094,2372],{"class":102},[37,41096,106],{"class":51},[20,41098,112],{},[28,41100,41102],{"className":30,"code":41101,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41103,41104,41109,41113,41127],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41105,41106],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41107,41108],{"class":122},"6.5\n",[37,41110,41111],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41112,41108],{"class":122},[37,41114,41115,41117,41119,41121,41123,41125],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41116,808],{"class":47},[37,41118,812],{"class":811},[37,41120,815],{"class":55},[37,41122,3569],{"class":59},[37,41124,821],{"class":55},[37,41126,824],{"class":47},[37,41128,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41130,808],{"class":47},[37,41132,812],{"class":811},[37,41134,815],{"class":55},[37,41136,2324],{"class":59},[37,41138,821],{"class":55},[37,41140,824],{"class":47},[20,41142,41143],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[130,41145,41147],{"id":41146},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[307,41149,41151,41152,41154],{"id":41150},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41153,3087],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41156,1531,41157,41161,41162,292],{},[285,41158,41159,2436],{"href":8337},[15,41160,3087],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41163,3012],{},[28,41165,41167],{"className":30,"code":41166,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41168,41169,41188,41202,41206],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41170,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179,41181,41184,41186],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41172,8355],{"class":43},[37,41174,48],{"class":47},[37,41176,8360],{"class":91},[37,41178,95],{"class":51},[37,41180,56],{"class":55},[37,41182,41183],{"class":59},"Enter a price: ",[37,41185,56],{"class":55},[37,41187,85],{"class":51},[37,41189,41190,41192,41194,41196,41198,41200],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41191,40488],{"class":43},[37,41193,48],{"class":47},[37,41195,40356],{"class":756},[37,41197,95],{"class":51},[37,41199,8384],{"class":102},[37,41201,85],{"class":51},[37,41203,41204],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41205,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41207,41208,41210,41212,41214,41216,41218],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41209,92],{"class":91},[37,41211,95],{"class":51},[37,41213,40488],{"class":102},[37,41215,39973],{"class":47},[37,41217,890],{"class":122},[37,41219,85],{"class":51},[20,41221,41222,41223,41226],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41224,41225],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[28,41228,41230],{"className":30,"code":41229,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"9.0\n",[15,41231,41232],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41233,41234],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41235,41229],{"class":122},[20,41237,41238,41239,292],{},"For more help with this, see ",[285,41240,9100],{"href":9099},[307,41242,41244],{"id":41243},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[28,41246,41248],{"className":30,"code":41247,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41249,41250,41263,41276,41280,41305],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41251,41252,41254,41256,41258,41261],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41253,722],{"class":43},[37,41255,48],{"class":47},[37,41257,68],{"class":55},[37,41259,41260],{"class":59},"2.5",[37,41262,3484],{"class":55},[37,41264,41265,41267,41269,41271,41274],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41266,735],{"class":43},[37,41268,48],{"class":47},[37,41270,68],{"class":55},[37,41272,41273],{"class":59},"1.5",[37,41275,3484],{"class":55},[37,41277,41278],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41279,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41281,41282,41285,41287,41289,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301,41303],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41283,41284],{"class":43},"total ",[37,41286,48],{"class":47},[37,41288,40356],{"class":756},[37,41290,95],{"class":51},[37,41292,285],{"class":102},[37,41294,18],{"class":51},[37,41296,2586],{"class":47},[37,41298,40356],{"class":756},[37,41300,95],{"class":51},[37,41302,777],{"class":102},[37,41304,85],{"class":51},[37,41306,41307,41309,41311,41314],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,41308,92],{"class":91},[37,41310,95],{"class":51},[37,41312,41313],{"class":102},"total",[37,41315,85],{"class":51},[20,41317,112],{},[28,41319,41321],{"className":30,"code":41320,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"4.0\n",[15,41322,41323],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41324,41325],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41326,41320],{"class":122},[307,41328,41330],{"id":41329},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41332,41333],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[28,41335,41337],{"className":30,"code":41336,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41338,41339,41348,41362,41366],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41340,41341,41343,41345],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41342,236],{"class":43},[37,41344,48],{"class":47},[37,41346,41347],{"class":122}," 7\n",[37,41349,41350,41352,41354,41356,41358,41360],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41351,2362],{"class":43},[37,41353,48],{"class":47},[37,41355,40356],{"class":756},[37,41357,95],{"class":51},[37,41359,265],{"class":102},[37,41361,85],{"class":51},[37,41363,41364],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41365,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41367,41368,41370,41372,41374],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41369,92],{"class":91},[37,41371,95],{"class":51},[37,41373,2397],{"class":102},[37,41375,85],{"class":51},[20,41377,112],{},[28,41379,41381],{"className":30,"code":41380,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"7.0\n",[15,41382,41383],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41384,41385],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41386,41380],{"class":122},[307,41388,41390],{"id":41389},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41392,41393,41394,41396],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41395,3012],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[28,41398,41400],{"className":30,"code":41399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41401,41402,41416,41432,41436],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41403,41404,41407,41409,41411,41414],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41405,41406],{"class":43},"temperature_text ",[37,41408,48],{"class":47},[37,41410,68],{"class":55},[37,41412,41413],{"class":59},"21.8",[37,41415,3484],{"class":55},[37,41417,41418,41421,41423,41425,41427,41430],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41419,41420],{"class":43},"temperature ",[37,41422,48],{"class":47},[37,41424,40356],{"class":756},[37,41426,95],{"class":51},[37,41428,41429],{"class":102},"temperature_text",[37,41431,85],{"class":51},[37,41433,41434],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41435,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41437,41438,41440,41442,41445],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41439,92],{"class":91},[37,41441,95],{"class":51},[37,41443,41444],{"class":102},"temperature",[37,41446,85],{"class":51},[130,41448,41450],{"id":41449},"special-values","Special values",[20,41452,41453,41455],{},[15,41454,3012],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[307,41457,41459],{"id":41458},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[28,41461,41463],{"className":30,"code":41462,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41464,41465],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41466,41467,41469,41471,41473,41475,41477,41480,41482],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41468,92],{"class":91},[37,41470,95],{"class":51},[37,41472,2324],{"class":756},[37,41474,95],{"class":51},[37,41476,56],{"class":55},[37,41478,41479],{"class":59},"inf",[37,41481,56],{"class":55},[37,41483,106],{"class":51},[20,41485,112],{},[28,41487,41489],{"className":30,"code":41488,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"inf\n",[15,41490,41491],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41492,41493],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41494,41488],{"class":43},[307,41496,41498],{"id":41497},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[28,41500,41502],{"className":30,"code":41501,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41503,41504],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41505,41506,41508,41510,41512,41514,41516,41519,41521],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41507,92],{"class":91},[37,41509,95],{"class":51},[37,41511,2324],{"class":756},[37,41513,95],{"class":51},[37,41515,56],{"class":55},[37,41517,41518],{"class":59},"-inf",[37,41520,56],{"class":55},[37,41522,106],{"class":51},[20,41524,112],{},[28,41526,41528],{"className":30,"code":41527,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"-inf\n",[15,41529,41530],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41531,41532,41534],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41533,2159],{"class":47},[37,41535,41488],{"class":43},[307,41537,41539],{"id":41538},"not-a-number","Not a number",[28,41541,41543],{"className":30,"code":41542,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41544,41545],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41546,41547,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41560,41562],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41548,92],{"class":91},[37,41550,95],{"class":51},[37,41552,2324],{"class":756},[37,41554,95],{"class":51},[37,41556,56],{"class":55},[37,41558,41559],{"class":59},"nan",[37,41561,56],{"class":55},[37,41563,106],{"class":51},[20,41565,112],{},[28,41567,41569],{"className":30,"code":41568,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"nan\n",[15,41570,41571],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41572,41573],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41574,41568],{"class":43},[20,41576,41577],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[135,41579,41580,41585,41590],{},[138,41581,41582,41584],{},[15,41583,41479],{}," means positive infinity",[138,41586,41587,41589],{},[15,41588,41518],{}," means negative infinity",[138,41591,41592,41594],{},[15,41593,41559],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41596,41597,41598,41600],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41599,3012],{}," accepts them.",[130,41602,41604],{"id":41603},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41606,41607,41608,41610],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41609,3012],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[307,41612,40805],{"id":41613},"valueerror",[20,41615,15297,41616,41618],{},[15,41617,40805],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41620,41621],{},"Common causes:",[135,41623,41624,41630,41633,41636],{},[138,41625,41626,41627],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41628,41629],{},"\"abc\"",[138,41631,41632],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[138,41634,41635],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[138,41637,4823,41638],{},[285,41639,41640,41642],{"href":8337},[15,41641,3087],{}," returns a string",[20,41644,197],{},[28,41646,41648],{"className":30,"code":41647,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41649,41650,41663],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41651,41652,41654,41656,41658,41661],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41653,1194],{"class":43},[37,41655,48],{"class":47},[37,41657,68],{"class":55},[37,41659,41660],{"class":59},"abc",[37,41662,3484],{"class":55},[37,41664,41665,41667,41669,41671,41673,41675],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41666,92],{"class":91},[37,41668,95],{"class":51},[37,41670,2324],{"class":756},[37,41672,95],{"class":51},[37,41674,1215],{"class":102},[37,41676,106],{"class":51},[307,41678,3133],{"id":41679},"typeerror",[20,41681,15297,41682,41684],{},[15,41683,3133],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41686,41621],{},[135,41688,41689,41692,41695],{},[138,41690,41691],{},"Passing a list",[138,41693,41694],{},"Passing a dictionary",[138,41696,41697],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41699,197],{},[28,41701,41703],{"className":30,"code":41702,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41704,41705,41730],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41706,41707,41709,41711,41713,41715,41717,41719,41721,41723,41726,41728],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41708,1194],{"class":43},[37,41710,48],{"class":47},[37,41712,10605],{"class":51},[37,41714,56],{"class":55},[37,41716,25257],{"class":59},[37,41718,56],{"class":55},[37,41720,3013],{"class":51},[37,41722,68],{"class":55},[37,41724,41725],{"class":59},"9.99",[37,41727,56],{"class":55},[37,41729,9424],{"class":51},[37,41731,41732,41734,41736,41738,41740,41742],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41733,92],{"class":91},[37,41735,95],{"class":51},[37,41737,2324],{"class":756},[37,41739,95],{"class":51},[37,41741,1215],{"class":102},[37,41743,106],{"class":51},[307,41745,41747],{"id":41746},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41749,41750,41751,41754],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41752,41753],{},"strip()"," can help:",[28,41756,41758],{"className":30,"code":41757,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41759,41760,41773,41788,41792],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41761,41762,41764,41766,41768,41771],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41763,1194],{"class":43},[37,41765,48],{"class":47},[37,41767,68],{"class":55},[37,41769,41770],{"class":59},"  7.25  ",[37,41772,3484],{"class":55},[37,41774,41775,41778,41780,41782,41784,41786],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41776,41777],{"class":43},"clean_value ",[37,41779,48],{"class":47},[37,41781,8551],{"class":43},[37,41783,292],{"class":51},[37,41785,8752],{"class":102},[37,41787,8761],{"class":51},[37,41789,41790],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41791,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41793,41794,41796,41798,41800,41802,41805],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41795,92],{"class":91},[37,41797,95],{"class":51},[37,41799,2324],{"class":756},[37,41801,95],{"class":51},[37,41803,41804],{"class":102},"clean_value",[37,41806,106],{"class":51},[20,41808,112],{},[28,41810,41812],{"className":30,"code":41811,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"7.25\n",[15,41813,41814],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41815,41816],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41817,41811],{"class":122},[307,41819,41821],{"id":41820},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41823,41824],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[28,41826,41828],{"className":30,"code":41827,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41829,41830,41843,41847,41857,41871,41886,41890,41904],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41831,41832,41834,41836,41838,41841],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41833,1194],{"class":43},[37,41835,48],{"class":47},[37,41837,68],{"class":55},[37,41839,41840],{"class":59}," 3.5 ",[37,41842,3484],{"class":55},[37,41844,41845],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41846,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41848,41849,41851,41853,41855],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41850,92],{"class":91},[37,41852,95],{"class":51},[37,41854,1215],{"class":102},[37,41856,85],{"class":51},[37,41858,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867,41869],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41860,92],{"class":91},[37,41862,95],{"class":51},[37,41864,757],{"class":756},[37,41866,95],{"class":51},[37,41868,1215],{"class":102},[37,41870,106],{"class":51},[37,41872,41873,41875,41877,41880,41882,41884],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,41874,92],{"class":91},[37,41876,95],{"class":51},[37,41878,41879],{"class":91},"repr",[37,41881,95],{"class":51},[37,41883,1215],{"class":102},[37,41885,106],{"class":51},[37,41887,41888],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,41889,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41891,41892,41894,41896,41898,41900,41902],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,41893,41777],{"class":43},[37,41895,48],{"class":47},[37,41897,8551],{"class":43},[37,41899,292],{"class":51},[37,41901,8752],{"class":102},[37,41903,8761],{"class":51},[37,41905,41906,41908,41910,41912,41914,41916],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,41907,92],{"class":91},[37,41909,95],{"class":51},[37,41911,2324],{"class":756},[37,41913,95],{"class":51},[37,41915,41804],{"class":102},[37,41917,106],{"class":51},[20,41919,41920],{},"Why this helps:",[135,41922,41923,41929,41934,41940],{},[138,41924,41925,41928],{},[15,41926,41927],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[138,41930,41931,21474],{},[15,41932,41933],{},"print(type(value))",[138,41935,41936,41939],{},[15,41937,41938],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[138,41941,41942,41944],{},[15,41943,41753],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[307,41946,41948],{"id":41947},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41950,41951],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[28,41953,41955],{"className":30,"code":41954,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41956,41957,41976,41980,41986,42001,42020,42029],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,41958,41959,41961,41963,41965,41967,41969,41972,41974],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,41960,1194],{"class":43},[37,41962,48],{"class":47},[37,41964,8360],{"class":91},[37,41966,95],{"class":51},[37,41968,56],{"class":55},[37,41970,41971],{"class":59},"Enter a number: ",[37,41973,56],{"class":55},[37,41975,85],{"class":51},[37,41977,41978],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,41979,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,41981,41982,41984],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,41983,29911],{"class":1483},[37,41985,1501],{"class":51},[37,41987,41988,41991,41993,41995,41997,41999],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,41989,41990],{"class":43},"    number ",[37,41992,48],{"class":47},[37,41994,40356],{"class":756},[37,41996,95],{"class":51},[37,41998,1215],{"class":102},[37,42000,85],{"class":51},[37,42002,42003,42005,42007,42009,42012,42014,42016,42018],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,42004,1506],{"class":91},[37,42006,95],{"class":51},[37,42008,56],{"class":55},[37,42010,42011],{"class":59},"Converted:",[37,42013,56],{"class":55},[37,42015,65],{"class":51},[37,42017,2329],{"class":102},[37,42019,85],{"class":51},[37,42021,42022,42024,42027],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,42023,29942],{"class":1483},[37,42025,42026],{"class":756}," ValueError",[37,42028,1501],{"class":51},[37,42030,42031,42033,42035,42037,42040,42042],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,42032,1506],{"class":91},[37,42034,95],{"class":51},[37,42036,56],{"class":55},[37,42038,42039],{"class":59},"That is not a valid number.",[37,42041,56],{"class":55},[37,42043,85],{"class":51},[20,42045,42046,42047,292],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[285,42048,40997],{"href":40996},[130,42050,42052],{"id":42051},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42054,10705,42055,851,42057,42059],{},[15,42056,3012],{},[15,42058,3005],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42061,42062,42064],{},[15,42063,3012],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[28,42066,42068],{"className":30,"code":42067,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42069,42070],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42071,42072,42074,42076,42078,42080,42082,42085,42087],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42073,92],{"class":91},[37,42075,95],{"class":51},[37,42077,2324],{"class":756},[37,42079,95],{"class":51},[37,42081,56],{"class":55},[37,42083,42084],{"class":59},"3.9",[37,42086,56],{"class":55},[37,42088,106],{"class":51},[20,42090,112],{},[28,42092,42094],{"className":30,"code":42093,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3.9\n",[15,42095,42096],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42097,42098],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42099,42093],{"class":122},[20,42101,42102,42104],{},[15,42103,3005],{}," creates whole numbers:",[28,42106,42108],{"className":30,"code":42107,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42109,42110],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42111,42112,42114,42116,42118,42120,42122,42124,42126],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42113,92],{"class":91},[37,42115,95],{"class":51},[37,42117,818],{"class":756},[37,42119,95],{"class":51},[37,42121,56],{"class":55},[37,42123,214],{"class":59},[37,42125,56],{"class":55},[37,42127,106],{"class":51},[20,42129,112],{},[28,42131,42132],{"className":30,"code":2509,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,42133,42134],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42135,42136],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42137,2509],{"class":122},[20,42139,42140,42141,42144],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42142,42143],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[28,42146,42148],{"className":30,"code":42147,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42149,42150],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42151,42152,42154,42156,42158,42160,42162,42164,42166],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42153,92],{"class":91},[37,42155,95],{"class":51},[37,42157,818],{"class":756},[37,42159,95],{"class":51},[37,42161,56],{"class":55},[37,42163,42084],{"class":59},[37,42165,56],{"class":55},[37,42167,106],{"class":51},[20,42169,3130,42170,8719,42172,42175],{},[15,42171,40805],{},[15,42173,42174],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42177,10828],{},[135,42179,42180,42186],{},[138,42181,42182,42185],{},[15,42183,42184],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[138,42187,42188,42190],{},[15,42189,42143],{}," fails",[20,42192,42193,42194,42197,42198,42200],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[285,42195,42196],{"href":3002},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[285,42199,2553],{"href":2552}," helpful.",[130,42202,1969],{"id":1968},[307,42204,42206],{"id":42205},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42208,42209,42210,3006,42212,292],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42211,2622],{},[15,42213,40244],{},[307,42215,42217],{"id":42216},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42219,42220,42221,3006,42224,292],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42222,42223],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42225,42226],{},"\"10\"",[307,42228,42230],{"id":42229},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42232,29168,42233,42235,42236,292],{},[15,42234,41629],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42237,40805],{},[307,42239,42241],{"id":42240},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42243,5268,42244,292],{},[15,42245,3894],{},[307,42247,42249],{"id":42248},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42251,42252,42253,42255,42256,851,42259,42255,42261,292],{},"Yes. ",[15,42254,3729],{}," becomes ",[15,42257,42258],{},"1.0",[15,42260,3799],{},[15,42262,3894],{},[130,42264,2025],{"id":2024},[135,42266,42267,42271,42277,42282,42286,42290],{},[138,42268,42269],{},[285,42270,42196],{"href":3002},[138,42272,42273],{},[285,42274,42276],{"href":42275},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[138,42278,42279],{},[285,42280,42281],{"href":40992},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[138,42283,42284],{},[285,42285,9177],{"href":9099},[138,42287,42288],{},[285,42289,40997],{"href":40996},[138,42291,42292],{},[285,42293,42294],{"href":8337},"Python input() Function Explained",[2052,42296,42297],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":42299},[42300,42301,42302,42303,42310,42315,42316,42323,42328,42335,42336,42343],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":40291,"depth":88,"text":40292},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":40516,"depth":88,"text":40517,"children":42304},[42305,42306,42307,42308,42309],{"id":40525,"depth":251,"text":40526},{"id":40589,"depth":251,"text":40590},{"id":40653,"depth":251,"text":40654},{"id":40695,"depth":251,"text":40696},{"id":40750,"depth":251,"text":40751},{"id":40789,"depth":88,"text":40790,"children":42311},[42312,42313,42314],{"id":40798,"depth":251,"text":40799},{"id":40884,"depth":251,"text":40885},{"id":40954,"depth":251,"text":40955},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":41146,"depth":88,"text":41147,"children":42317},[42318,42320,42321,42322],{"id":41150,"depth":251,"text":42319},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41243,"depth":251,"text":41244},{"id":41329,"depth":251,"text":41330},{"id":41389,"depth":251,"text":41390},{"id":41449,"depth":88,"text":41450,"children":42324},[42325,42326,42327],{"id":41458,"depth":251,"text":41459},{"id":41497,"depth":251,"text":41498},{"id":41538,"depth":251,"text":41539},{"id":41603,"depth":88,"text":41604,"children":42329},[42330,42331,42332,42333,42334],{"id":41613,"depth":251,"text":40805},{"id":41679,"depth":251,"text":3133},{"id":41746,"depth":251,"text":41747},{"id":41820,"depth":251,"text":41821},{"id":41947,"depth":251,"text":41948},{"id":42051,"depth":88,"text":42052},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":42337},[42338,42339,42340,42341,42342],{"id":42205,"depth":251,"text":42206},{"id":42216,"depth":251,"text":42217},{"id":42229,"depth":251,"text":42230},{"id":42240,"depth":251,"text":42241},{"id":42248,"depth":251,"text":42249},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40192,"description":42344},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42351,"title":42352,"body":42353,"description":43572,"extension":2099,"meta":43573,"navigation":254,"path":35132,"seo":43574,"stem":43575,"__hash__":43576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42354,"toc":43538},[42355,42358,42363,42366,42368,42407,42421,42425,42430,42433,42450,42453,42461,42476,42479,42481,42484,42500,42503,42506,42526,42530,42541,42544,42548,42552,42566,42601,42605,42616,42651,42654,42656,42664,42697,42713,42715,42725,42746,42757,42759,42764,42767,42781,42783,42802,42805,42818,42821,42825,42829,42843,42846,42864,42867,42882,42886,42891,42905,42911,42913,42970,42972,43005,43008,43024,43028,43035,43039,43044,43047,43058,43062,43067,43082,43091,43096,43115,43118,43130,43132,43137,43147,43150,43179,43184,43193,43197,43202,43205,43209,43214,43216,43246,43249,43256,43261,43266,43270,43273,43281,43284,43362,43365,43387,43389,43393,43396,43400,43406,43469,43473,43481,43485,43488,43490,43515,43535],[10,42356,42352],{"id":42357},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42359,3707,42360,42362],{},[15,42361,35135],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42364,42365],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[130,42367,2140],{"id":2139},[28,42369,42371],{"className":30,"code":42370,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42372,42373,42383,42393],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42374,42375,42377,42379,42381],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42376,1937],{"class":91},[37,42378,95],{"class":51},[37,42380,17],{"class":91},[37,42382,85],{"class":51},[37,42384,42385,42387,42389,42391],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,42386,1937],{"class":91},[37,42388,95],{"class":51},[37,42390,3569],{"class":756},[37,42392,85],{"class":51},[37,42394,42395,42397,42399,42401,42403,42405],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,42396,1937],{"class":91},[37,42398,95],{"class":51},[37,42400,821],{"class":55},[37,42402,34766],{"class":59},[37,42404,821],{"class":55},[37,42406,85],{"class":51},[20,42408,22,42409,42411,42412,3006,42414,42416,42417,42420],{},[15,42410,35135],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42413,17],{},[15,42415,3569],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42418,42419],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[130,42422,42424],{"id":42423},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42426,42427,42429],{},[15,42428,35135],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42431,42432],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[135,42434,42435,42438,42441,42444,42447],{},[138,42436,42437],{},"Functions",[138,42439,42440],{},"Classes",[138,42442,42443],{},"Methods",[138,42445,42446],{},"Modules",[138,42448,42449],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42451,42452],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42454,42455,42456,42460],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[285,42457,42458],{"href":287},[15,42459,25],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[28,42462,42464],{"className":30,"code":42463,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(len)\n",[15,42465,42466],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42467,42468,42470,42472,42474],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42469,1937],{"class":91},[37,42471,95],{"class":51},[37,42473,17],{"class":91},[37,42475,85],{"class":51},[20,42477,42478],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[130,42480,159],{"id":158},[20,42482,42483],{},"The main form is:",[28,42485,42487],{"className":30,"code":42486,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(object)\n",[15,42488,42489],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42490,42491,42493,42495,42498],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42492,1937],{"class":91},[37,42494,95],{"class":51},[37,42496,42497],{"class":756},"object",[37,42499,85],{"class":51},[20,42501,42502],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42504,42505],{},"Common examples include:",[135,42507,42508,42512,42517,42521],{},[138,42509,42510],{},[15,42511,17],{},[138,42513,42514],{},[15,42515,42516],{},"list.append",[138,42518,42519],{},[15,42520,3569],{},[138,42522,42523],{},[15,42524,42525],{},"open",[20,42527,7296,42528,7299],{},[15,42529,35135],{},[28,42531,42533],{"className":30,"code":42532,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help()\n",[15,42534,42535],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42536,42537,42539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42538,1937],{"class":91},[37,42540,8761],{"class":51},[20,42542,42543],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[130,42545,42547],{"id":42546},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[307,42549,42551],{"id":42550},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42553,42554,42555,2321,42557,2321,42559,17181,42562,292],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42556,17],{},[15,42558,92],{},[15,42560,42561],{},"input",[285,42563,42564],{"href":2432},[15,42565,2435],{},[28,42567,42569],{"className":30,"code":42568,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42570,42571,42581,42591],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42572,42573,42575,42577,42579],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42574,1937],{"class":91},[37,42576,95],{"class":51},[37,42578,92],{"class":91},[37,42580,85],{"class":51},[37,42582,42583,42585,42587,42589],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,42584,1937],{"class":91},[37,42586,95],{"class":51},[37,42588,42561],{"class":91},[37,42590,85],{"class":51},[37,42592,42593,42595,42597,42599],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,42594,1937],{"class":91},[37,42596,95],{"class":51},[37,42598,757],{"class":756},[37,42600,85],{"class":51},[307,42602,42604],{"id":42603},"data-types","Data types",[20,42606,42607,42608,2321,42610,2321,42612,17181,42614,292],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42609,3569],{},[15,42611,8213],{},[15,42613,8940],{},[15,42615,6408],{},[28,42617,42619],{"className":30,"code":42618,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42620,42621,42631,42641],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42622,42623,42625,42627,42629],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42624,1937],{"class":91},[37,42626,95],{"class":51},[37,42628,3569],{"class":756},[37,42630,85],{"class":51},[37,42632,42633,42635,42637,42639],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,42634,1937],{"class":91},[37,42636,95],{"class":51},[37,42638,8213],{"class":756},[37,42640,85],{"class":51},[37,42642,42643,42645,42647,42649],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,42644,1937],{"class":91},[37,42646,95],{"class":51},[37,42648,8940],{"class":756},[37,42650,85],{"class":51},[20,42652,42653],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[307,42655,42443],{"id":34613},[20,42657,42658,42659,851,42662,292],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42660,42661],{},"str.split",[15,42663,42516],{},[28,42665,42667],{"className":30,"code":42666,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42668,42669,42683],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42670,42671,42673,42675,42677,42679,42681],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42672,1937],{"class":91},[37,42674,95],{"class":51},[37,42676,3569],{"class":756},[37,42678,292],{"class":51},[37,42680,34576],{"class":24857},[37,42682,85],{"class":51},[37,42684,42685,42687,42689,42691,42693,42695],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,42686,1937],{"class":91},[37,42688,95],{"class":51},[37,42690,8213],{"class":756},[37,42692,292],{"class":51},[37,42694,13662],{"class":24857},[37,42696,85],{"class":51},[20,42698,42699,42700,8823,42702,28420,42707,42709,42710,42712],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42701,35135],{},[285,42703,42705],{"href":42704},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42706,34418],{},[15,42708,34418],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42711,35135],{}," explains one of them.",[307,42714,42446],{"id":34766},[20,42716,42717,42718,2321,42720,17181,42722,292],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42719,18524],{},[15,42721,35298],{},[15,42723,42724],{},"os",[28,42726,42728],{"className":30,"code":42727,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42729,42730,42736],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42731,42732,42734],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42733,35199],{"class":1483},[37,42735,35202],{"class":43},[37,42737,42738,42740,42742,42744],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,42739,1937],{"class":91},[37,42741,95],{"class":51},[37,42743,18524],{"class":102},[37,42745,85],{"class":51},[20,42747,42748,42749,42753,42754,292],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[285,42750,42752],{"href":42751},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[285,42755,35265],{"href":42756},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[130,42758,35026],{"id":35025},[20,42760,42761,42763],{},[15,42762,35135],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42765,42766],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[135,42768,42769,42772,42775,42778],{},[138,42770,42771],{},"The function signature",[138,42773,42774],{},"The short description",[138,42776,42777],{},"Parameter names",[138,42779,42780],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42782,5593],{},[28,42784,42786],{"className":30,"code":42785,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42787,42788],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42789,42790,42792,42794,42796,42798,42800],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42791,1937],{"class":91},[37,42793,95],{"class":51},[37,42795,3569],{"class":756},[37,42797,292],{"class":51},[37,42799,34576],{"class":24857},[37,42801,85],{"class":51},[20,42803,42804],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[135,42806,42807,42810,42813,42815],{},[138,42808,42809],{},"What object this is",[138,42811,42812],{},"What arguments it accepts",[138,42814,22077],{},[138,42816,42817],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42819,42820],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[130,42822,42824],{"id":42823},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42826,42827,29981],{},[15,42828,35135],{},[135,42830,42831,42834,42837,42840],{},[138,42832,42833],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[138,42835,42836],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[138,42838,42839],{},"You are exploring a new module",[138,42841,42842],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42844,42845],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[28,42847,42848],{"className":30,"code":42785,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,42849,42850],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42851,42852,42854,42856,42858,42860,42862],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42853,1937],{"class":91},[37,42855,95],{"class":51},[37,42857,3569],{"class":756},[37,42859,292],{"class":51},[37,42861,34576],{"class":24857},[37,42863,85],{"class":51},[20,42865,42866],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[28,42868,42870],{"className":30,"code":42869,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(open)\n",[15,42871,42872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42873,42874,42876,42878,42880],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42875,1937],{"class":91},[37,42877,95],{"class":51},[37,42879,42525],{"class":91},[37,42881,85],{"class":51},[130,42883,42885],{"id":42884},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42887,42888,42890],{},[15,42889,35135],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[135,42892,42893,42896,42899,42902],{},[138,42894,42895],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[138,42897,42898],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[138,42900,42901],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[138,42903,42904],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42906,42907,42908,42910],{},"So, ",[15,42909,35135],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42912,5593],{},[28,42914,42916],{"className":30,"code":42915,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42917,42918,42931,42955,42959],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42919,42920,42922,42924,42926,42929],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42921,34795],{"class":43},[37,42923,48],{"class":47},[37,42925,68],{"class":55},[37,42927,42928],{"class":59},"a,b,c",[37,42930,3484],{"class":55},[37,42932,42933,42936,42938,42941,42943,42945,42947,42949,42951,42953],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,42934,42935],{"class":43},"parts ",[37,42937,48],{"class":47},[37,42939,42940],{"class":43}," text",[37,42942,292],{"class":51},[37,42944,34576],{"class":102},[37,42946,95],{"class":51},[37,42948,56],{"class":55},[37,42950,65],{"class":59},[37,42952,56],{"class":55},[37,42954,85],{"class":51},[37,42956,42957],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,42958,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,42960,42961,42963,42965,42968],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,42962,92],{"class":91},[37,42964,95],{"class":51},[37,42966,42967],{"class":102},"parts",[37,42969,85],{"class":51},[20,42971,5681],{},[28,42973,42975],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42976,42977],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,42978,42979,42981,42983,42985,42987,42989,42991,42993,42995,42997,42999,43001,43003],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,42980,1067],{"class":51},[37,42982,821],{"class":55},[37,42984,285],{"class":59},[37,42986,821],{"class":55},[37,42988,65],{"class":51},[37,42990,815],{"class":55},[37,42992,777],{"class":59},[37,42994,821],{"class":55},[37,42996,65],{"class":51},[37,42998,815],{"class":55},[37,43000,1754],{"class":59},[37,43002,821],{"class":55},[37,43004,3760],{"class":51},[20,43006,43007],{},"A good workflow is:",[28820,43009,43010,43015,43018,43021],{},[138,43011,22,43012,43014],{},[15,43013,35135],{}," to inspect something",[138,43016,43017],{},"Write a tiny example",[138,43019,43020],{},"Check the result",[138,43022,43023],{},"Repeat",[130,43025,43027],{"id":43026},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43029,43030,851,43032,43034],{},[15,43031,35135],{},[15,43033,34418],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[307,43036,43037],{"id":1937},[15,43038,35135],{},[20,43040,22,43041,43043],{},[15,43042,35135],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43045,43046],{},"It tells you:",[135,43048,43049,43052,43055],{},[138,43050,43051],{},"What something is",[138,43053,43054],{},"How to use it",[138,43056,43057],{},"What parameters it accepts",[307,43059,43060],{"id":34479},[15,43061,34418],{},[20,43063,22,43064,43066],{},[15,43065,34418],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[28,43068,43070],{"className":30,"code":43069,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dir(str)\n",[15,43071,43072],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43073,43074,43076,43078,43080],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43075,34479],{"class":91},[37,43077,95],{"class":51},[37,43079,3569],{"class":756},[37,43081,85],{"class":51},[20,43083,43084,43085,2321,43087,17181,43089,292],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43086,34576],{},[15,43088,8752],{},[15,43090,8758],{},[20,43092,43093,43094,3013],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43095,35135],{},[28,43097,43099],{"className":30,"code":43098,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43100,43101],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43102,43103,43105,43107,43109,43111,43113],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43104,1937],{"class":91},[37,43106,95],{"class":51},[37,43108,3569],{"class":756},[37,43110,292],{"class":51},[37,43112,8758],{"class":24857},[37,43114,85],{"class":51},[20,43116,43117],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[135,43119,43120,43125],{},[138,43121,22,43122,43124],{},[15,43123,34418],{}," to discover options",[138,43126,22,43127,43129],{},[15,43128,35135],{}," to understand one option",[130,43131,1854],{"id":1853},[20,43133,43134,43135,292],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43136,35135],{},[307,43138,1872,43140,43143,43144],{"id":43139},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43141,43142],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43145,43146],{},"help(len)",[20,43148,43149],{},"These are not always the same.",[28,43151,43153],{"className":30,"code":43152,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43154,43155,43165],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43156,43157,43159,43161,43163],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43158,1937],{"class":91},[37,43160,95],{"class":51},[37,43162,17],{"class":91},[37,43164,85],{"class":51},[37,43166,43167,43169,43171,43173,43175,43177],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43168,1937],{"class":91},[37,43170,95],{"class":51},[37,43172,821],{"class":55},[37,43174,17],{"class":59},[37,43176,821],{"class":55},[37,43178,85],{"class":51},[20,43180,43181,43183],{},[15,43182,43146],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43185,43186,43188,43189,43192],{},[15,43187,43142],{}," treats ",[15,43190,43191],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[307,43194,43196],{"id":43195},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43198,43199,43201],{},[15,43200,35135],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43203,43204],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[307,43206,43208],{"id":43207},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43210,40444,43211,43213],{},[15,43212,35135],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43215,197],{},[28,43217,43219],{"className":30,"code":43218,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43220,43221,43231],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43222,43223,43225,43227,43229],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43224,1937],{"class":91},[37,43226,95],{"class":51},[37,43228,17],{"class":91},[37,43230,85],{"class":51},[37,43232,43233,43235,43237,43239,43242,43244],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43234,92],{"class":91},[37,43236,95],{"class":51},[37,43238,56],{"class":55},[37,43240,43241],{"class":59},"Done",[37,43243,56],{"class":55},[37,43245,85],{"class":51},[20,43247,43248],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[307,43250,37306,43252,8823,43254],{"id":43251},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43253,35135],{},[15,43255,34418],{},[20,43257,43258,43259,292],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43260,34418],{},[20,43262,43263,43264,292],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43265,35135],{},[130,43267,43269],{"id":43268},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43271,43272],{},"Open Python:",[28,43274,43275],{"className":30,"code":35651,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,43276,43277],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43278,43279],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43280,35651],{"class":43},[20,43282,43283],{},"Then test these commands:",[28,43285,43287],{"className":30,"code":43286,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43288,43289,43299,43313,43327,43337,43352],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43290,43291,43293,43295,43297],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43292,1937],{"class":91},[37,43294,95],{"class":51},[37,43296,17],{"class":91},[37,43298,85],{"class":51},[37,43300,43301,43303,43305,43307,43309,43311],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43302,1937],{"class":91},[37,43304,95],{"class":51},[37,43306,3569],{"class":756},[37,43308,292],{"class":51},[37,43310,34576],{"class":24857},[37,43312,85],{"class":51},[37,43314,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,43316,1937],{"class":91},[37,43318,95],{"class":51},[37,43320,8213],{"class":756},[37,43322,292],{"class":51},[37,43324,13662],{"class":24857},[37,43326,85],{"class":51},[37,43328,43329,43331,43333,43335],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,43330,1937],{"class":91},[37,43332,95],{"class":51},[37,43334,42525],{"class":91},[37,43336,85],{"class":51},[37,43338,43339,43341,43343,43345,43348,43350],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,43340,1937],{"class":91},[37,43342,95],{"class":51},[37,43344,821],{"class":55},[37,43346,43347],{"class":59},"keywords",[37,43349,821],{"class":55},[37,43351,85],{"class":51},[37,43353,43354,43356,43358,43360],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,43355,34479],{"class":91},[37,43357,95],{"class":51},[37,43359,3569],{"class":756},[37,43361,85],{"class":51},[20,43363,43364],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[135,43366,43367,43370,43373,43376,43379,43382],{},[138,43368,43369],{},"A built-in function",[138,43371,43372],{},"A string method",[138,43374,43375],{},"A list method",[138,43377,43378],{},"A built-in file function",[138,43380,43381],{},"A special help topic",[138,43383,15297,43384,43386],{},[15,43385,34418],{}," example for comparison",[130,43388,1969],{"id":1968},[307,43390,43392],{"id":43391},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43394,43395],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[307,43397,43399],{"id":43398},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43401,43402,43403,43405],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43404,35135],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[28,43407,43409],{"className":30,"code":43408,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43410,43411,43423,43436,43455,43459],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43412,43413,43415,43417,43419,43421],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43414,34959],{"class":811},[37,43416,34963],{"class":34962},[37,43418,95],{"class":51},[37,43420,7790],{"class":37764},[37,43422,8460],{"class":51},[37,43424,43425,43429,43433],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43426,43428],{"class":43427},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[37,43430,43432],{"class":43431},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[37,43434,43435],{"class":43427},"\"\"\"\n",[37,43437,43438,43440,43443,43446,43448,43450,43452],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,43439,34970],{"class":1483},[37,43441,43442],{"class":811}," f",[37,43444,43445],{"class":59},"\"Hello, ",[37,43447,9394],{"class":122},[37,43449,7790],{"class":43},[37,43451,22410],{"class":122},[37,43453,43454],{"class":59},"!\"\n",[37,43456,43457],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,43458,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,43460,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,43462,1937],{"class":91},[37,43464,95],{"class":51},[37,43466,35005],{"class":102},[37,43468,85],{"class":51},[307,43470,43472],{"id":43471},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43474,43475,43477,43478,43480],{},[15,43476,43146],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43479,43142],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[307,43482,43484],{"id":43483},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43486,43487],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[130,43489,2025],{"id":2024},[135,43491,43492,43497,43501,43506,43511],{},[138,43493,43494],{},[285,43495,43496],{"href":42704},"Python dir() function explained",[138,43498,43499],{},[285,43500,8560],{"href":2432},[138,43502,43503],{},[285,43504,43505],{"href":287},"Python len() function explained",[138,43507,43508],{},[285,43509,43510],{"href":42751},"How import works in Python",[138,43512,43513],{},[285,43514,35265],{"href":42756},[20,43516,43517,43518,43520,43521,2321,43523,17181,43525,43527,43528,3006,43531,43534],{},"Try ",[15,43519,35135],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43522,17],{},[15,43524,92],{},[15,43526,42561],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43529,43530],{},"dir(str)",[15,43532,43533],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2052,43536,43537],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":43539},[43540,43541,43542,43543,43549,43550,43551,43552,43556,43564,43565,43571],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":42423,"depth":88,"text":42424},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":42546,"depth":88,"text":42547,"children":43544},[43545,43546,43547,43548],{"id":42550,"depth":251,"text":42551},{"id":42603,"depth":251,"text":42604},{"id":34613,"depth":251,"text":42443},{"id":34766,"depth":251,"text":42446},{"id":35025,"depth":88,"text":35026},{"id":42823,"depth":88,"text":42824},{"id":42884,"depth":88,"text":42885},{"id":43026,"depth":88,"text":43027,"children":43553},[43554,43555],{"id":1937,"depth":251,"text":35135},{"id":34479,"depth":251,"text":34418},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":43557},[43558,43560,43561,43562],{"id":43139,"depth":251,"text":43559},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43195,"depth":251,"text":43196},{"id":43207,"depth":251,"text":43208},{"id":43251,"depth":251,"text":43563},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43268,"depth":88,"text":43269},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":43566},[43567,43568,43569,43570],{"id":43391,"depth":251,"text":43392},{"id":43398,"depth":251,"text":43399},{"id":43471,"depth":251,"text":43472},{"id":43483,"depth":251,"text":43484},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42352,"description":43572},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43578,"title":43579,"body":43580,"description":44940,"extension":2099,"meta":44941,"navigation":254,"path":44942,"seo":44943,"stem":44944,"__hash__":44945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43581,"toc":44913},[43582,43588,43593,43599,43609,43668,43678,43689,43694,43700,43702,43720,43728,43730,43732,43747,43750,43761,43763,43854,43857,43861,43866,43887,43889,44000,44002,44029,44040,44044,44047,44130,44132,44140,44146,44152,44156,44159,44269,44271,44284,44287,44301,44309,44316,44321,44335,44341,44454,44456,44517,44520,44526,44531,44534,44556,44558,44628,44631,44663,44670,44672,44675,44693,44696,44708,44714,44716,44721,44747,44750,44822,44824,44830,44833,44839,44842,44848,44858,44864,44867,44874,44877,44879,44910],[10,43583,288,43585,3704],{"id":43584},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43586,43587],{},"id()",[20,43589,32424,43590,43592],{},[15,43591,43587],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43594,43595,43596,43598],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43597,43587],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43600,22,43601,43603,43604,43606,43607,292],{},[15,43602,43587],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[110,43605,711],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43608,4807],{},[28,43610,43612],{"className":30,"code":43611,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43613,43614,43626,43640,43644,43654],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43615,43616,43618,43620,43622,43624],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43617,7996],{"class":43},[37,43619,48],{"class":47},[37,43621,68],{"class":55},[37,43623,7418],{"class":59},[37,43625,3484],{"class":55},[37,43627,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43629,92],{"class":91},[37,43631,95],{"class":51},[37,43633,12762],{"class":91},[37,43635,95],{"class":51},[37,43637,7790],{"class":102},[37,43639,106],{"class":51},[37,43641,43642],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,43643,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,43645,43646,43649,43651],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,43647,43648],{"class":43},"other ",[37,43650,48],{"class":47},[37,43652,43653],{"class":43}," name\n",[37,43655,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664,43666],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,43657,92],{"class":91},[37,43659,95],{"class":51},[37,43661,12762],{"class":91},[37,43663,95],{"class":51},[37,43665,30851],{"class":102},[37,43667,106],{"class":51},[20,43669,43670,43671,43674,43675,43677],{},"In this example, ",[15,43672,43673],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43676,43587],{}," values match.",[43679,43680,43681],"blockquote",{},[20,43682,22,43683,43685,43686,43688],{},[15,43684,43587],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43687,4807],{}," for value comparison.",[130,43690,296,43692,3805],{"id":43691},"what-id-does",[15,43693,43587],{},[20,43695,43696,43699],{},[15,43697,43698],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43701,13164],{},[135,43703,43704,43707,43714,43717],{},[138,43705,43706],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[138,43708,43709,43710,43713],{},"It shows ",[110,43711,43712],{},"object identity",", not object value",[138,43715,43716],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[138,43718,43719],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43721,43722,43723,43727],{},"This is closely related to how ",[285,43724,43726],{"href":43725},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[130,43729,159],{"id":158},[20,43731,5555],{},[28,43733,43735],{"className":30,"code":43734,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"id(object)\n",[15,43736,43737],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43738,43739,43741,43743,43745],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43740,12762],{"class":91},[37,43742,95],{"class":51},[37,43744,42497],{"class":756},[37,43746,85],{"class":51},[20,43748,43749],{},"Important details:",[135,43751,43752,43755,43758],{},[138,43753,43754],{},"It takes one argument",[138,43756,43757],{},"It returns an integer",[138,43759,43760],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43762,197],{},[28,43764,43766],{"className":30,"code":43765,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43767,43768,43780,43788,43808,43812,43826,43840],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43769,43770,43772,43774,43776,43778],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43771,34795],{"class":43},[37,43773,48],{"class":47},[37,43775,68],{"class":55},[37,43777,3970],{"class":59},[37,43779,3484],{"class":55},[37,43781,43782,43784,43786],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43783,2349],{"class":43},[37,43785,48],{"class":47},[37,43787,2897],{"class":122},[37,43789,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804,43806],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,43791,670],{"class":43},[37,43793,48],{"class":47},[37,43795,519],{"class":51},[37,43797,501],{"class":122},[37,43799,65],{"class":51},[37,43801,890],{"class":122},[37,43803,65],{"class":51},[37,43805,513],{"class":122},[37,43807,3760],{"class":51},[37,43809,43810],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,43811,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,43813,43814,43816,43818,43820,43822,43824],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,43815,92],{"class":91},[37,43817,95],{"class":51},[37,43819,12762],{"class":91},[37,43821,95],{"class":51},[37,43823,34816],{"class":102},[37,43825,106],{"class":51},[37,43827,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43838],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,43829,92],{"class":91},[37,43831,95],{"class":51},[37,43833,12762],{"class":91},[37,43835,95],{"class":51},[37,43837,2372],{"class":102},[37,43839,106],{"class":51},[37,43841,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,43843,92],{"class":91},[37,43845,95],{"class":51},[37,43847,12762],{"class":91},[37,43849,95],{"class":51},[37,43851,687],{"class":102},[37,43853,106],{"class":51},[20,43855,43856],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[130,43858,43860],{"id":43859},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43862,43863,43864,292],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43865,43587],{},[135,43867,43868,43875,43882],{},[138,43869,43870,43872,43873],{},[15,43871,4807],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[110,43874,1215],{},[138,43876,43877,43879,43880],{},[15,43878,12306],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[110,43881,42497],{},[138,43883,43884,43886],{},[15,43885,43587],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43888,197],{},[28,43890,43892],{"className":30,"code":43891,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43893,43894,43914,43934,43938,43955,43972,43986],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,43895,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906,43908,43910,43912],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,43897,722],{"class":43},[37,43899,48],{"class":47},[37,43901,519],{"class":51},[37,43903,501],{"class":122},[37,43905,65],{"class":51},[37,43907,890],{"class":122},[37,43909,65],{"class":51},[37,43911,513],{"class":122},[37,43913,3760],{"class":51},[37,43915,43916,43918,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,43917,735],{"class":43},[37,43919,48],{"class":47},[37,43921,519],{"class":51},[37,43923,501],{"class":122},[37,43925,65],{"class":51},[37,43927,890],{"class":122},[37,43929,65],{"class":51},[37,43931,513],{"class":122},[37,43933,3760],{"class":51},[37,43935,43936],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,43937,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,43939,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,43941,92],{"class":91},[37,43943,95],{"class":51},[37,43945,722],{"class":102},[37,43947,4807],{"class":47},[37,43949,2689],{"class":102},[37,43951,18],{"class":51},[37,43953,43954],{"class":3788},"   # True\n",[37,43956,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,43958,92],{"class":91},[37,43960,95],{"class":51},[37,43962,722],{"class":102},[37,43964,12306],{"class":1483},[37,43966,2689],{"class":102},[37,43968,18],{"class":51},[37,43970,43971],{"class":3788},"   # False\n",[37,43973,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,43975,92],{"class":91},[37,43977,95],{"class":51},[37,43979,12762],{"class":91},[37,43981,95],{"class":51},[37,43983,285],{"class":102},[37,43985,106],{"class":51},[37,43987,43988,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,43989,92],{"class":91},[37,43991,95],{"class":51},[37,43993,12762],{"class":91},[37,43995,95],{"class":51},[37,43997,777],{"class":102},[37,43999,106],{"class":51},[20,44001,2311],{},[135,44003,44004,44012,44020],{},[138,44005,44006,4902,44009,44011],{},[15,44007,44008],{},"a == b",[15,44010,3729],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[138,44013,44014,4902,44017,44019],{},[15,44015,44016],{},"a is b",[15,44018,3799],{}," because they are different list objects",[138,44021,44022,851,44025,44028],{},[15,44023,44024],{},"id(a)",[15,44026,44027],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44030,44031,44032,851,44036,292],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[285,44033,44035],{"href":44034},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[285,44037,44039],{"href":44038},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[130,44041,44043],{"id":44042},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44045,44046],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[28,44048,44050],{"className":30,"code":44049,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44051,44052,44072,44082,44086,44100,44115],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44053,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44055,207],{"class":43},[37,44057,48],{"class":47},[37,44059,519],{"class":51},[37,44061,214],{"class":122},[37,44063,65],{"class":51},[37,44065,219],{"class":122},[37,44067,65],{"class":51},[37,44069,224],{"class":122},[37,44071,3760],{"class":51},[37,44073,44074,44077,44079],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44075,44076],{"class":43},"other_numbers ",[37,44078,48],{"class":47},[37,44080,44081],{"class":43}," numbers\n",[37,44083,44084],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,44085,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,44087,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44098],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,44089,92],{"class":91},[37,44091,95],{"class":51},[37,44093,12762],{"class":91},[37,44095,95],{"class":51},[37,44097,246],{"class":102},[37,44099,106],{"class":51},[37,44101,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110,44113],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,44103,92],{"class":91},[37,44105,95],{"class":51},[37,44107,12762],{"class":91},[37,44109,95],{"class":51},[37,44111,44112],{"class":102},"other_numbers",[37,44114,106],{"class":51},[37,44116,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125,44128],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,44118,92],{"class":91},[37,44120,95],{"class":51},[37,44122,207],{"class":102},[37,44124,12306],{"class":1483},[37,44126,44127],{"class":102}," other_numbers",[37,44129,85],{"class":51},[20,44131,5681],{},[28,44133,44134],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,44135,44136],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44137,44138],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44139,4103],{"class":3977},[20,44141,44142,44143,44145],{},"The two ",[15,44144,43587],{}," values will also match.",[20,44147,22296,44148,44151],{},[15,44149,44150],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[130,44153,44155],{"id":44154},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44157,44158],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[28,44160,44162],{"className":30,"code":44161,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44163,44164,44185,44206,44210,44225,44239,44254],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44165,44166,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44167,44168],{"class":43},"list_a ",[37,44170,48],{"class":47},[37,44172,519],{"class":51},[37,44174,501],{"class":122},[37,44176,65],{"class":51},[37,44178,890],{"class":122},[37,44180,65],{"class":51},[37,44182,513],{"class":122},[37,44184,3760],{"class":51},[37,44186,44187,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202,44204],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44188,44189],{"class":43},"list_b ",[37,44191,48],{"class":47},[37,44193,519],{"class":51},[37,44195,501],{"class":122},[37,44197,65],{"class":51},[37,44199,890],{"class":122},[37,44201,65],{"class":51},[37,44203,513],{"class":122},[37,44205,3760],{"class":51},[37,44207,44208],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,44209,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,44211,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220,44223],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,44213,92],{"class":91},[37,44215,95],{"class":51},[37,44217,44168],{"class":102},[37,44219,4807],{"class":47},[37,44221,44222],{"class":102}," list_b",[37,44224,85],{"class":51},[37,44226,44227,44229,44231,44233,44235,44237],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,44228,92],{"class":91},[37,44230,95],{"class":51},[37,44232,44168],{"class":102},[37,44234,12306],{"class":1483},[37,44236,44222],{"class":102},[37,44238,85],{"class":51},[37,44240,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249,44252],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,44242,92],{"class":91},[37,44244,95],{"class":51},[37,44246,12762],{"class":91},[37,44248,95],{"class":51},[37,44250,44251],{"class":102},"list_a",[37,44253,106],{"class":51},[37,44255,44256,44258,44260,44262,44264,44267],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,44257,92],{"class":91},[37,44259,95],{"class":51},[37,44261,12762],{"class":91},[37,44263,95],{"class":51},[37,44265,44266],{"class":102},"list_b",[37,44268,106],{"class":51},[20,44270,5681],{},[28,44272,44274],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44275,44276,44280],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44277,44278],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44279,4103],{"class":3977},[37,44281,44282],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44283,4164],{"class":3977},[20,44285,44286],{},"What this means:",[135,44288,44289,44292,44295],{},[138,44290,44291],{},"The lists are equal in value",[138,44293,44294],{},"They are not the same object",[138,44296,44297,44298,44300],{},"Their ",[15,44299,43587],{}," values are usually different",[20,44302,44303,44304,44306,44307,292],{},"This is why ",[15,44305,43587],{}," should not replace ",[15,44308,4807],{},[130,44310,44312,44313,44315],{"id":44311},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44314,43587],{}," is useful",[20,44317,44318,44320],{},[15,44319,43587],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[135,44322,44323,44326,44329,44332],{},[138,44324,44325],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[138,44327,44328],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[138,44330,44331],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[138,44333,44334],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44336,44337,44338,44340],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44339,43587],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[28,44342,44344],{"className":30,"code":44343,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44345,44346,44370,44379,44383,44402,44406,44416,44426,44440],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44347,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44349,12198],{"class":43},[37,44351,48],{"class":47},[37,44353,519],{"class":51},[37,44355,56],{"class":55},[37,44357,285],{"class":59},[37,44359,56],{"class":55},[37,44361,65],{"class":51},[37,44363,68],{"class":55},[37,44365,777],{"class":59},[37,44367,56],{"class":55},[37,44369,3760],{"class":51},[37,44371,44372,44375,44377],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44373,44374],{"class":43},"copy_ref ",[37,44376,48],{"class":47},[37,44378,12236],{"class":43},[37,44380,44381],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,44382,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,44384,44385,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,44386,44387],{"class":43},"copy_ref",[37,44389,292],{"class":51},[37,44391,13662],{"class":102},[37,44393,95],{"class":51},[37,44395,56],{"class":55},[37,44397,1754],{"class":59},[37,44399,56],{"class":55},[37,44401,85],{"class":51},[37,44403,44404],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,44405,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,44407,44408,44410,44412,44414],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,44409,92],{"class":91},[37,44411,95],{"class":51},[37,44413,12245],{"class":102},[37,44415,85],{"class":51},[37,44417,44418,44420,44422,44424],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,44419,92],{"class":91},[37,44421,95],{"class":51},[37,44423,44387],{"class":102},[37,44425,85],{"class":51},[37,44427,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,44429,92],{"class":91},[37,44431,95],{"class":51},[37,44433,12762],{"class":91},[37,44435,95],{"class":51},[37,44437,12245],{"class":102},[37,44439,106],{"class":51},[37,44441,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,44443,92],{"class":91},[37,44445,95],{"class":51},[37,44447,12762],{"class":91},[37,44449,95],{"class":51},[37,44451,44387],{"class":102},[37,44453,106],{"class":51},[20,44455,5681],{},[28,44457,44459],{"className":30,"code":44458,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44460,44461,44489],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44462,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473,44475,44477,44479,44481,44483,44485,44487],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44464,1067],{"class":51},[37,44466,821],{"class":55},[37,44468,285],{"class":59},[37,44470,821],{"class":55},[37,44472,65],{"class":51},[37,44474,815],{"class":55},[37,44476,777],{"class":59},[37,44478,821],{"class":55},[37,44480,65],{"class":51},[37,44482,815],{"class":55},[37,44484,1754],{"class":59},[37,44486,821],{"class":55},[37,44488,3760],{"class":51},[37,44490,44491,44493,44495,44497,44499,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44492,1067],{"class":51},[37,44494,821],{"class":55},[37,44496,285],{"class":59},[37,44498,821],{"class":55},[37,44500,65],{"class":51},[37,44502,815],{"class":55},[37,44504,777],{"class":59},[37,44506,821],{"class":55},[37,44508,65],{"class":51},[37,44510,815],{"class":55},[37,44512,1754],{"class":59},[37,44514,821],{"class":55},[37,44516,3760],{"class":51},[20,44518,44519],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[130,44521,44523,44524],{"id":44522},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44525,43587],{},[20,44527,1324,44528,44530],{},[15,44529,43587],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44532,44533],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[135,44535,44536,44542,44548,44551],{},[138,44537,44538,44539,44541],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44540,4807],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[138,44543,44544,44545,44547],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44546,43587],{}," values across program runs",[138,44549,44550],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[138,44552,44553,44554],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44555,43587],{},[20,44557,1330],{},[28,44559,44561],{"className":30,"code":44560,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44562,44563,44575,44587,44591,44613],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44564,44565,44567,44569,44571,44573],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44566,722],{"class":43},[37,44568,48],{"class":47},[37,44570,68],{"class":55},[37,44572,37149],{"class":59},[37,44574,3484],{"class":55},[37,44576,44577,44579,44581,44583,44585],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44578,735],{"class":43},[37,44580,48],{"class":47},[37,44582,68],{"class":55},[37,44584,37149],{"class":59},[37,44586,3484],{"class":55},[37,44588,44589],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,44590,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,44592,44593,44595,44597,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,44594,1484],{"class":1483},[37,44596,14926],{"class":91},[37,44598,95],{"class":51},[37,44600,285],{"class":102},[37,44602,18],{"class":51},[37,44604,1495],{"class":47},[37,44606,14926],{"class":91},[37,44608,95],{"class":51},[37,44610,777],{"class":102},[37,44612,8460],{"class":51},[37,44614,44615,44617,44619,44621,44624,44626],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,44616,1506],{"class":91},[37,44618,95],{"class":51},[37,44620,56],{"class":55},[37,44622,44623],{"class":59},"The values are equal",[37,44625,56],{"class":55},[37,44627,85],{"class":51},[20,44629,44630],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[28,44632,44634],{"className":30,"code":44633,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44635,44636,44649],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44637,44638,44640,44643,44645,44647],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44639,1484],{"class":1483},[37,44641,44642],{"class":43}," a ",[37,44644,4807],{"class":47},[37,44646,2689],{"class":43},[37,44648,1501],{"class":51},[37,44650,44651,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44652,1506],{"class":91},[37,44654,95],{"class":51},[37,44656,56],{"class":55},[37,44658,44623],{"class":59},[37,44660,56],{"class":55},[37,44662,85],{"class":51},[20,44664,22,44665,3006,44667,44669],{},[15,44666,12306],{},[15,44668,43587],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[130,44671,20907],{"id":20906},[20,44673,44674],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[135,44676,44677,44680,44683,44688],{},[138,44678,44679],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[138,44681,44682],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[138,44684,44685,44686],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44687,43587],{},[138,44689,44690,44691],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44692,43587],{},[20,44694,44695],{},"The important rule is:",[135,44697,44698,44703],{},[138,44699,22,44700,44702],{},[15,44701,4807],{}," to check value",[138,44704,22,44705,44707],{},[15,44706,12306],{}," to check identity",[20,44709,44710,44711,44713],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44712,43587],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[130,44715,1854],{"id":1853},[20,44717,44718,44719,3013],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44720,43587],{},[135,44722,44723,44731,44734,44737,44742],{},[138,44724,1872,44725,44727,44728,44730],{},[15,44726,43587],{}," when ",[15,44729,4807],{}," should be used",[138,44732,44733],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[138,44735,44736],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[138,44738,44739,44740],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44741,43587],{},[138,44743,1872,44744,44746],{},[15,44745,43587],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44748,44749],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[28,44751,44753],{"className":30,"code":44752,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44754,44755,44770,44784,44798,44812],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44756,44757,44759,44761,44763,44765,44768],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44758,92],{"class":91},[37,44760,95],{"class":51},[37,44762,12762],{"class":91},[37,44764,95],{"class":51},[37,44766,44767],{"class":102},"my_object",[37,44769,106],{"class":51},[37,44771,44772,44774,44776,44778,44780,44782],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44773,92],{"class":91},[37,44775,95],{"class":51},[37,44777,722],{"class":102},[37,44779,4807],{"class":47},[37,44781,2689],{"class":102},[37,44783,85],{"class":51},[37,44785,44786,44788,44790,44792,44794,44796],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,44787,92],{"class":91},[37,44789,95],{"class":51},[37,44791,722],{"class":102},[37,44793,12306],{"class":1483},[37,44795,2689],{"class":102},[37,44797,85],{"class":51},[37,44799,44800,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,44801,92],{"class":91},[37,44803,95],{"class":51},[37,44805,757],{"class":756},[37,44807,95],{"class":51},[37,44809,44767],{"class":102},[37,44811,106],{"class":51},[37,44813,44814,44816,44818,44820],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,44815,1937],{"class":91},[37,44817,95],{"class":51},[37,44819,12762],{"class":91},[37,44821,85],{"class":51},[130,44823,1969],{"id":1968},[307,44825,44827,44828,12828],{"id":44826},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44829,43587],{},[20,44831,44832],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[307,44834,15013,44836,44838],{"id":44835},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44837,43587],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44840,44841],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[307,44843,21527,44845,44847],{"id":44844},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44846,43587],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44849,30378,44850,44852,44853,3006,44855,44857],{},[15,44851,4807],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44854,43587],{},[15,44856,12306],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[307,44859,44861,44862,2623],{"id":44860},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44863,43587],{},[20,44865,44866],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[307,44868,44870,44871,44873],{"id":44869},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44872,43587],{}," values?",[20,44875,44876],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[130,44878,2025],{"id":2024},[135,44880,44881,44886,44891,44896,44904],{},[138,44882,44883],{},[285,44884,44885],{"href":43725},"Python variables explained for beginners",[138,44887,44888],{},[285,44889,44890],{"href":44034},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[138,44892,44893],{},[285,44894,44895],{"href":44038},"Python data types overview",[138,44897,44898],{},[285,44899,288,44901,291],{"href":44900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44902,44903],{},"isinstance()",[138,44905,44906],{},[285,44907,44909],{"href":44908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2052,44911,44912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":44914},[44915,44917,44918,44919,44920,44921,44923,44925,44926,44927,44939],{"id":43691,"depth":88,"text":44916},"What id() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":43859,"depth":88,"text":43860},{"id":44042,"depth":88,"text":44043},{"id":44154,"depth":88,"text":44155},{"id":44311,"depth":88,"text":44922},"When id() is useful",{"id":44522,"depth":88,"text":44924},"When not to use id()",{"id":20906,"depth":88,"text":20907},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":44928},[44929,44931,44933,44935,44937],{"id":44826,"depth":251,"text":44930},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44835,"depth":251,"text":44932},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44844,"depth":251,"text":44934},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44860,"depth":251,"text":44936},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44869,"depth":251,"text":44938},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43579,"description":44940},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44947,"title":42294,"body":44948,"description":46587,"extension":2099,"meta":46588,"navigation":254,"path":46589,"seo":46590,"stem":46591,"__hash__":46592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44949,"toc":46553},[44950,44955,44960,44963,44965,45008,45013,45016,45021,45026,45029,45045,45047,45091,45093,45120,45122,45137,45139,45141,45143,45159,45161,45173,45176,45210,45213,45238,45243,45245,45250,45254,45257,45259,45307,45309,45342,45348,45359,45361,45413,45415,45446,45448,45452,45456,45499,45505,45511,45563,45571,45576,45580,45671,45673,45706,45709,45711,45771,45773,45799,45809,45811,45815,45820,45825,45827,45864,45866,45885,45888,45892,45895,45951,45963,45972,45974,46001,46009,46016,46020,46023,46060,46063,46069,46106,46108,46112,46118,46136,46141,46189,46193,46282,46285,46292,46294,46296,46301,46319,46321,46364,46370,46387,46389,46451,46453,46455,46461,46468,46474,46480,46489,46499,46503,46511,46513,46515,46550],[10,44951,288,44953,3704],{"id":44952},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44954,3087],{},[20,44956,1531,44957,44959],{},[15,44958,3087],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44961,44962],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[130,44964,2140],{"id":2139},[28,44966,44968],{"className":30,"code":44967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44969,44970,44989],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,44971,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980,44982,44985,44987],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,44973,7996],{"class":43},[37,44975,48],{"class":47},[37,44977,8360],{"class":91},[37,44979,95],{"class":51},[37,44981,56],{"class":55},[37,44983,44984],{"class":59},"Enter your name: ",[37,44986,56],{"class":55},[37,44988,85],{"class":51},[37,44990,44991,44993,44995,44997,45000,45002,45004,45006],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,44992,92],{"class":91},[37,44994,95],{"class":51},[37,44996,56],{"class":55},[37,44998,44999],{"class":59},"Hello, ",[37,45001,56],{"class":55},[37,45003,2586],{"class":47},[37,45005,36101],{"class":102},[37,45007,85],{"class":51},[20,45009,22,45010,45012],{},[15,45011,3087],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45014,45015],"hr",{},[130,45017,296,45019,3805],{"id":45018},"what-input-does",[15,45020,3087],{},[20,45022,45023,45025],{},[15,45024,3087],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45027,45028],{},"Here is what happens:",[135,45030,45031,45036,45039,45042],{},[138,45032,45033,45035],{},[15,45034,3087],{}," waits for the user to type",[138,45037,45038],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[138,45040,45041],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[138,45043,45044],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45046,197],{},[28,45048,45050],{"className":30,"code":45049,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45051,45052,45072],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45053,45054,45057,45059,45061,45063,45065,45068,45070],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45055,45056],{"class":43},"color ",[37,45058,48],{"class":47},[37,45060,8360],{"class":91},[37,45062,95],{"class":51},[37,45064,56],{"class":55},[37,45066,45067],{"class":59},"What is your favorite color? ",[37,45069,56],{"class":55},[37,45071,85],{"class":51},[37,45073,45074,45076,45078,45080,45083,45085,45087,45089],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45075,92],{"class":91},[37,45077,95],{"class":51},[37,45079,56],{"class":55},[37,45081,45082],{"class":59},"Your favorite color is",[37,45084,56],{"class":55},[37,45086,65],{"class":51},[37,45088,35960],{"class":102},[37,45090,85],{"class":51},[20,45092,30137],{},[28,45094,45096],{"className":30,"code":45095,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45097,45098,45111],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45099,45100,45102,45104,45107,45109],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45101,296],{"class":43},[37,45103,12306],{"class":47},[37,45105,45106],{"class":43}," your favorite color",[37,45108,2623],{"class":37469},[37,45110,35990],{"class":43},[37,45112,45113,45116,45118],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45114,45115],{"class":43},"Your favorite color ",[37,45117,12306],{"class":47},[37,45119,35990],{"class":43},[20,45121,560],{},[135,45123,45124,45129,45134],{},[138,45125,45126,45127],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45128,45067],{},[138,45130,45131,45132],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45133,32998],{},[138,45135,45136],{},"That value is then printed",[45014,45138],{},[130,45140,159],{"id":158},[20,45142,7339],{},[28,45144,45146],{"className":30,"code":45145,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45147,45148],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45149,45150,45152,45154,45157],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45151,42561],{"class":91},[37,45153,95],{"class":51},[37,45155,45156],{"class":102},"prompt",[37,45158,85],{"class":51},[20,45160,181],{},[135,45162,45163,45167,45170],{},[138,45164,1531,45165,20146],{},[15,45166,45156],{},[138,45168,45169],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[138,45171,45172],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45174,45175],{},"Example with a prompt:",[28,45177,45179],{"className":30,"code":45178,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45180,45181,45200],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45182,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191,45193,45196,45198],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45184,8081],{"class":43},[37,45186,48],{"class":47},[37,45188,8360],{"class":91},[37,45190,95],{"class":51},[37,45192,56],{"class":55},[37,45194,45195],{"class":59},"Enter your username: ",[37,45197,56],{"class":55},[37,45199,85],{"class":51},[37,45201,45202,45204,45206,45208],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45203,92],{"class":91},[37,45205,95],{"class":51},[37,45207,8105],{"class":102},[37,45209,85],{"class":51},[20,45211,45212],{},"Example without a prompt:",[28,45214,45216],{"className":30,"code":45215,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45217,45218,45228],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45219,45220,45222,45224,45226],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45221,1194],{"class":43},[37,45223,48],{"class":47},[37,45225,8360],{"class":91},[37,45227,8761],{"class":51},[37,45229,45230,45232,45234,45236],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45231,92],{"class":91},[37,45233,95],{"class":51},[37,45235,1215],{"class":102},[37,45237,85],{"class":51},[20,45239,7885,45240,45242],{},[15,45241,3087],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45014,45244],{},[130,45246,296,45248,149],{"id":45247},"what-input-returns",[15,45249,3087],{},[20,45251,45252,8343],{},[15,45253,3087],{},[20,45255,45256],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45258,197],{},[28,45260,45262],{"className":30,"code":45261,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45263,45264,45283,45293],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45265,45266,45268,45270,45272,45274,45276,45279,45281],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45267,21735],{"class":43},[37,45269,48],{"class":47},[37,45271,8360],{"class":91},[37,45273,95],{"class":51},[37,45275,56],{"class":55},[37,45277,45278],{"class":59},"Enter your age: ",[37,45280,56],{"class":55},[37,45282,85],{"class":51},[37,45284,45285,45287,45289,45291],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45286,92],{"class":91},[37,45288,95],{"class":51},[37,45290,9415],{"class":102},[37,45292,85],{"class":51},[37,45294,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45296,92],{"class":91},[37,45298,95],{"class":51},[37,45300,757],{"class":756},[37,45302,95],{"class":51},[37,45304,9415],{"class":102},[37,45306,106],{"class":51},[20,45308,30137],{},[28,45310,45312],{"className":30,"code":45311,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45313,45314,45324,45328],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45315,45316,45319,45321],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45317,45318],{"class":43},"Enter your age",[37,45320,3013],{"class":51},[37,45322,45323],{"class":122}," 25\n",[37,45325,45326],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45327,2837],{"class":122},[37,45329,45330,45332,45334,45336,45338,45340],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45331,808],{"class":47},[37,45333,812],{"class":811},[37,45335,815],{"class":55},[37,45337,3569],{"class":59},[37,45339,821],{"class":55},[37,45341,824],{"class":47},[20,45343,45344,45345,45347],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45346,9312],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45349,45350,45351,3006,45355,292],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[285,45352,45353],{"href":3002},[15,45354,3005],{},[285,45356,45357],{"href":3009},[15,45358,3012],{},[20,45360,197],{},[28,45362,45364],{"className":30,"code":45363,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45365,45366,45389,45399],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45367,45368,45370,45372,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45369,21735],{"class":43},[37,45371,48],{"class":47},[37,45373,45374],{"class":756}," int",[37,45376,95],{"class":51},[37,45378,42561],{"class":91},[37,45380,95],{"class":51},[37,45382,56],{"class":55},[37,45384,45278],{"class":59},[37,45386,56],{"class":55},[37,45388,106],{"class":51},[37,45390,45391,45393,45395,45397],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45392,92],{"class":91},[37,45394,95],{"class":51},[37,45396,9415],{"class":102},[37,45398,85],{"class":51},[37,45400,45401,45403,45405,45407,45409,45411],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45402,92],{"class":91},[37,45404,95],{"class":51},[37,45406,757],{"class":756},[37,45408,95],{"class":51},[37,45410,9415],{"class":102},[37,45412,106],{"class":51},[20,45414,30137],{},[28,45416,45418],{"className":30,"code":45417,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45419,45420,45428,45432],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45421,45422,45424,45426],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45423,45318],{"class":43},[37,45425,3013],{"class":51},[37,45427,45323],{"class":122},[37,45429,45430],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45431,2837],{"class":122},[37,45433,45434,45436,45438,45440,45442,45444],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45435,808],{"class":47},[37,45437,812],{"class":811},[37,45439,815],{"class":55},[37,45441,818],{"class":59},[37,45443,821],{"class":55},[37,45445,824],{"class":47},[45014,45447],{},[130,45449,45451],{"id":45450},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[307,45453,45455],{"id":45454},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[28,45457,45459],{"className":30,"code":45458,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45460,45461,45480],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45462,45463,45465,45467,45469,45471,45473,45476,45478],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45464,7996],{"class":43},[37,45466,48],{"class":47},[37,45468,8360],{"class":91},[37,45470,95],{"class":51},[37,45472,56],{"class":55},[37,45474,45475],{"class":59},"What is your name? ",[37,45477,56],{"class":55},[37,45479,85],{"class":51},[37,45481,45482,45484,45486,45488,45491,45493,45495,45497],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45483,92],{"class":91},[37,45485,95],{"class":51},[37,45487,56],{"class":55},[37,45489,45490],{"class":59},"Hello,",[37,45492,56],{"class":55},[37,45494,65],{"class":51},[37,45496,36101],{"class":102},[37,45498,85],{"class":51},[20,45500,45501,45502,45504],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45503,7790],{}," and prints it.",[307,45506,45508,45509],{"id":45507},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45510,3005],{},[28,45512,45514],{"className":30,"code":45513,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45515,45516,45539],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45517,45518,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45535,45537],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45519,21735],{"class":43},[37,45521,48],{"class":47},[37,45523,45374],{"class":756},[37,45525,95],{"class":51},[37,45527,42561],{"class":91},[37,45529,95],{"class":51},[37,45531,56],{"class":55},[37,45533,45534],{"class":59},"How old are you? ",[37,45536,56],{"class":55},[37,45538,106],{"class":51},[37,45540,45541,45543,45545,45547,45550,45552,45554,45557,45559,45561],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45542,92],{"class":91},[37,45544,95],{"class":51},[37,45546,56],{"class":55},[37,45548,45549],{"class":59},"Next year you will be",[37,45551,56],{"class":55},[37,45553,65],{"class":51},[37,45555,45556],{"class":102}," age ",[37,45558,2196],{"class":47},[37,45560,5619],{"class":122},[37,45562,85],{"class":51},[20,45564,6181,45565,45567,45568,45570],{},[15,45566,3005],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45569,3087],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45572,45573,45574,292],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[285,45575,9100],{"href":9099},[307,45577,45579],{"id":45578},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[28,45581,45583],{"className":30,"code":45582,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45584,45585,45609,45633,45647,45651],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45586,45587,45590,45592,45594,45596,45598,45600,45602,45605,45607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45588,45589],{"class":43},"num1 ",[37,45591,48],{"class":47},[37,45593,45374],{"class":756},[37,45595,95],{"class":51},[37,45597,42561],{"class":91},[37,45599,95],{"class":51},[37,45601,56],{"class":55},[37,45603,45604],{"class":59},"Enter the first number: ",[37,45606,56],{"class":55},[37,45608,106],{"class":51},[37,45610,45611,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626,45629,45631],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45612,45613],{"class":43},"num2 ",[37,45615,48],{"class":47},[37,45617,45374],{"class":756},[37,45619,95],{"class":51},[37,45621,42561],{"class":91},[37,45623,95],{"class":51},[37,45625,56],{"class":55},[37,45627,45628],{"class":59},"Enter the second number: ",[37,45630,56],{"class":55},[37,45632,106],{"class":51},[37,45634,45635,45637,45639,45642,45644],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45636,41284],{"class":43},[37,45638,48],{"class":47},[37,45640,45641],{"class":43}," num1 ",[37,45643,2196],{"class":47},[37,45645,45646],{"class":43}," num2\n",[37,45648,45649],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,45650,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,45652,45653,45655,45657,45659,45662,45664,45666,45669],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,45654,92],{"class":91},[37,45656,95],{"class":51},[37,45658,56],{"class":55},[37,45660,45661],{"class":59},"Total:",[37,45663,56],{"class":55},[37,45665,65],{"class":51},[37,45667,45668],{"class":102}," total",[37,45670,85],{"class":51},[20,45672,30137],{},[28,45674,45676],{"className":30,"code":45675,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45677,45678,45688,45697],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45679,45680,45683,45685],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45681,45682],{"class":43},"Enter the first number",[37,45684,3013],{"class":51},[37,45686,45687],{"class":122}," 2\n",[37,45689,45690,45693,45695],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45691,45692],{"class":43},"Enter the second number",[37,45694,3013],{"class":51},[37,45696,2707],{"class":122},[37,45698,45699,45702,45704],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45700,45701],{"class":43},"Total",[37,45703,3013],{"class":51},[37,45705,34950],{"class":122},[20,45707,45708],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45710,197],{},[28,45712,45714],{"className":30,"code":45713,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45715,45716,45734,45752,45756],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45717,45718,45720,45722,45724,45726,45728,45730,45732],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45719,45589],{"class":43},[37,45721,48],{"class":47},[37,45723,8360],{"class":91},[37,45725,95],{"class":51},[37,45727,56],{"class":55},[37,45729,45604],{"class":59},[37,45731,56],{"class":55},[37,45733,85],{"class":51},[37,45735,45736,45738,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45737,45613],{"class":43},[37,45739,48],{"class":47},[37,45741,8360],{"class":91},[37,45743,95],{"class":51},[37,45745,56],{"class":55},[37,45747,45628],{"class":59},[37,45749,56],{"class":55},[37,45751,85],{"class":51},[37,45753,45754],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45755,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,45757,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766,45769],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,45759,92],{"class":91},[37,45761,95],{"class":51},[37,45763,45589],{"class":102},[37,45765,2196],{"class":47},[37,45767,45768],{"class":102}," num2",[37,45770,85],{"class":51},[20,45772,30137],{},[28,45774,45776],{"className":30,"code":45775,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45777,45778,45786,45794],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45779,45780,45782,45784],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45781,45682],{"class":43},[37,45783,3013],{"class":51},[37,45785,45687],{"class":122},[37,45787,45788,45790,45792],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45789,45692],{"class":43},[37,45791,3013],{"class":51},[37,45793,2707],{"class":122},[37,45795,45796],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45797,45798],{"class":122},"23\n",[20,45800,45801,45802,45805,45806,292],{},"That happens because ",[15,45803,45804],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45807,45808],{},"\"23\"",[45014,45810],{},[130,45812,45814],{"id":45813},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45816,45817,45818,292],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45819,3087],{},[307,45821,4823,45823,41642],{"id":45822},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45824,3087],{},[20,45826,39300],{},[28,45828,45830],{"className":30,"code":45829,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45831,45832,45850],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45833,45834,45836,45838,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45835,1194],{"class":43},[37,45837,48],{"class":47},[37,45839,8360],{"class":91},[37,45841,95],{"class":51},[37,45843,56],{"class":55},[37,45845,41971],{"class":59},[37,45847,56],{"class":55},[37,45849,85],{"class":51},[37,45851,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45862],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45853,92],{"class":91},[37,45855,95],{"class":51},[37,45857,757],{"class":756},[37,45859,95],{"class":51},[37,45861,1215],{"class":102},[37,45863,106],{"class":51},[20,45865,112],{},[28,45867,45869],{"className":30,"code":45868,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45870,45871],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45872,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881,45883],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45874,808],{"class":47},[37,45876,812],{"class":811},[37,45878,815],{"class":55},[37,45880,3569],{"class":59},[37,45882,821],{"class":55},[37,45884,824],{"class":47},[20,45886,45887],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[307,45889,45891],{"id":45890},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45893,45894],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[28,45896,45898],{"className":30,"code":45897,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45899,45900,45918,45937],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45901,45902,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45903,722],{"class":43},[37,45905,48],{"class":47},[37,45907,8360],{"class":91},[37,45909,95],{"class":51},[37,45911,56],{"class":55},[37,45913,41971],{"class":59},[37,45915,56],{"class":55},[37,45917,85],{"class":51},[37,45919,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928,45930,45933,45935],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,45921,735],{"class":43},[37,45923,48],{"class":47},[37,45925,8360],{"class":91},[37,45927,95],{"class":51},[37,45929,56],{"class":55},[37,45931,45932],{"class":59},"Enter another number: ",[37,45934,56],{"class":55},[37,45936,85],{"class":51},[37,45938,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947,45949],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,45940,92],{"class":91},[37,45942,95],{"class":51},[37,45944,722],{"class":102},[37,45946,2196],{"class":47},[37,45948,2689],{"class":102},[37,45950,85],{"class":51},[20,45952,41222,45953,851,45955,45957,45958,19071,45961,292],{},[15,45954,522],{},[15,45956,446],{},", the result is ",[15,45959,45960],{},"45",[15,45962,2278],{},[307,45964,45966,45967,45969,45970],{"id":45965},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45968,40805],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45971,3005],{},[20,45973,197],{},[28,45975,45977],{"className":30,"code":45976,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45978,45979],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,45980,45981,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997,45999],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,45982,21735],{"class":43},[37,45984,48],{"class":47},[37,45986,45374],{"class":756},[37,45988,95],{"class":51},[37,45990,42561],{"class":91},[37,45992,95],{"class":51},[37,45994,56],{"class":55},[37,45996,45278],{"class":59},[37,45998,56],{"class":55},[37,46000,106],{"class":51},[20,46002,8389,46003,46006,46007,292],{},[15,46004,46005],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46008,40805],{},[20,46010,46011,46012,292],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[285,46013,46015],{"href":46014},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[307,46017,46019],{"id":46018},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46021,46022],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[28,46024,46026],{"className":30,"code":46025,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46027,46028,46046],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46029,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46031,7996],{"class":43},[37,46033,48],{"class":47},[37,46035,8360],{"class":91},[37,46037,95],{"class":51},[37,46039,56],{"class":55},[37,46041,44984],{"class":59},[37,46043,56],{"class":55},[37,46045,85],{"class":51},[37,46047,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056,46058],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46049,92],{"class":91},[37,46051,95],{"class":51},[37,46053,41879],{"class":91},[37,46055,95],{"class":51},[37,46057,7790],{"class":102},[37,46059,106],{"class":51},[20,46061,46062],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46064,46065,46066,3013],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46067,46068],{},".strip()",[28,46070,46072],{"className":30,"code":46071,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46073,46074,46096],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46075,46076,46078,46080,46082,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46077,7996],{"class":43},[37,46079,48],{"class":47},[37,46081,8360],{"class":91},[37,46083,95],{"class":51},[37,46085,56],{"class":55},[37,46087,44984],{"class":59},[37,46089,56],{"class":55},[37,46091,8749],{"class":51},[37,46093,8752],{"class":102},[37,46095,8761],{"class":51},[37,46097,46098,46100,46102,46104],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46099,92],{"class":91},[37,46101,95],{"class":51},[37,46103,7790],{"class":102},[37,46105,85],{"class":51},[45014,46107],{},[130,46109,46111],{"id":46110},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46113,46114,46115,46117],{},"These habits make ",[15,46116,3087],{}," easier and safer to use.",[135,46119,46120,46123,46128,46131],{},[138,46121,46122],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[138,46124,22,46125,46127],{},[15,46126,46068],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[138,46129,46130],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[138,46132,22,46133,46135],{},[15,46134,29889],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46137,46138,46139,3013],{},"Example with ",[15,46140,46068],{},[28,46142,46144],{"className":30,"code":46143,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46145,46146,46170],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46147,46148,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159,46162,46164,46166,46168],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46149,46150],{"class":43},"city ",[37,46152,48],{"class":47},[37,46154,8360],{"class":91},[37,46156,95],{"class":51},[37,46158,56],{"class":55},[37,46160,46161],{"class":59},"Enter your city: ",[37,46163,56],{"class":55},[37,46165,8749],{"class":51},[37,46167,8752],{"class":102},[37,46169,8761],{"class":51},[37,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46181,46183,46185,46187],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46173,92],{"class":91},[37,46175,95],{"class":51},[37,46177,56],{"class":55},[37,46179,46180],{"class":59},"City:",[37,46182,56],{"class":55},[37,46184,65],{"class":51},[37,46186,31493],{"class":102},[37,46188,85],{"class":51},[20,46190,46138,46191,3013],{},[15,46192,29889],{},[28,46194,46196],{"className":30,"code":46195,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46197,46198,46204,46227,46259,46267],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46199,46200,46202],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46201,29911],{"class":1483},[37,46203,1501],{"class":51},[37,46205,46206,46209,46211,46213,46215,46217,46219,46221,46223,46225],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46207,46208],{"class":43},"    age ",[37,46210,48],{"class":47},[37,46212,45374],{"class":756},[37,46214,95],{"class":51},[37,46216,42561],{"class":91},[37,46218,95],{"class":51},[37,46220,56],{"class":55},[37,46222,45278],{"class":59},[37,46224,56],{"class":55},[37,46226,106],{"class":51},[37,46228,46229,46231,46233,46235,46238,46240,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252,46255,46257],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46230,1506],{"class":91},[37,46232,95],{"class":51},[37,46234,56],{"class":55},[37,46236,46237],{"class":59},"You will be",[37,46239,56],{"class":55},[37,46241,65],{"class":51},[37,46243,45556],{"class":102},[37,46245,2196],{"class":47},[37,46247,5619],{"class":122},[37,46249,65],{"class":51},[37,46251,68],{"class":55},[37,46253,46254],{"class":59},"next year",[37,46256,56],{"class":55},[37,46258,85],{"class":51},[37,46260,46261,46263,46265],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,46262,29942],{"class":1483},[37,46264,42026],{"class":756},[37,46266,1501],{"class":51},[37,46268,46269,46271,46273,46275,46278,46280],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,46270,1506],{"class":91},[37,46272,95],{"class":51},[37,46274,56],{"class":55},[37,46276,46277],{"class":59},"Please enter a whole number.",[37,46279,56],{"class":55},[37,46281,85],{"class":51},[20,46283,46284],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46286,46287,46288,292],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[285,46289,46291],{"href":46290},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45014,46293],{},[130,46295,1854],{"id":1853},[20,46297,46298,46299,3013],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46300,3087],{},[135,46302,46303,46310,46313,46316],{},[138,46304,46305,46306,3006,46308],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46307,3005],{},[15,46309,3012],{},[138,46311,46312],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[138,46314,46315],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[138,46317,46318],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46320,1889],{},[28,46322,46324],{"className":30,"code":46323,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46325,46326,46336,46350],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46327,46328,46330,46332,46334],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46329,92],{"class":91},[37,46331,95],{"class":51},[37,46333,1215],{"class":102},[37,46335,85],{"class":51},[37,46337,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46348],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46339,92],{"class":91},[37,46341,95],{"class":51},[37,46343,757],{"class":756},[37,46345,95],{"class":51},[37,46347,1215],{"class":102},[37,46349,106],{"class":51},[37,46351,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360,46362],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46353,92],{"class":91},[37,46355,95],{"class":51},[37,46357,41879],{"class":91},[37,46359,95],{"class":51},[37,46361,1215],{"class":102},[37,46363,106],{"class":51},[20,46365,46366,46367,46369],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46368,3087],{}," actually returned:",[135,46371,46372,46377,46382],{},[138,46373,46374,46376],{},[15,46375,41927],{}," shows the value",[138,46378,46379,46381],{},[15,46380,41933],{}," shows the data type",[138,46383,46384,46386],{},[15,46385,41938],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46388,197],{},[28,46390,46392],{"className":30,"code":46391,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46393,46394,46413,46423,46437],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46395,46396,46398,46400,46402,46404,46406,46409,46411],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46397,1194],{"class":43},[37,46399,48],{"class":47},[37,46401,8360],{"class":91},[37,46403,95],{"class":51},[37,46405,56],{"class":55},[37,46407,46408],{"class":59},"Enter something: ",[37,46410,56],{"class":55},[37,46412,85],{"class":51},[37,46414,46415,46417,46419,46421],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46416,92],{"class":91},[37,46418,95],{"class":51},[37,46420,1215],{"class":102},[37,46422,85],{"class":51},[37,46424,46425,46427,46429,46431,46433,46435],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46426,92],{"class":91},[37,46428,95],{"class":51},[37,46430,757],{"class":756},[37,46432,95],{"class":51},[37,46434,1215],{"class":102},[37,46436,106],{"class":51},[37,46438,46439,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,46440,92],{"class":91},[37,46442,95],{"class":51},[37,46444,41879],{"class":91},[37,46446,95],{"class":51},[37,46448,1215],{"class":102},[37,46450,106],{"class":51},[45014,46452],{},[130,46454,1969],{"id":1968},[307,46456,1983,46458,46460],{"id":46457},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46459,3087],{}," return an integer?",[20,46462,1989,46463,46465,46466,40030],{},[15,46464,3087],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46467,3005],{},[307,46469,46471,46472,2623],{"id":46470},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46473,3087],{},[20,46475,46476,46477,46479],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46478,3087],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[307,46481,5278,46483,46486,46487,2623],{"id":46482},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46484,46485],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46488,3087],{},[20,46490,29168,46491,46493,46494,42255,46496,46498],{},[15,46492,3087],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46495,45804],{},[15,46497,45808],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[307,46500,46502],{"id":46501},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46504,22,46505,46507,46508,292],{},[15,46506,46068],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46509,46510],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45014,46512],{},[130,46514,2025],{"id":2024},[135,46516,46517,46522,46526,46532,46538,46542],{},[138,46518,46519],{},[285,46520,46521],{"href":46290},"How to get user input in Python",[138,46523,46524],{},[285,46525,9177],{"href":9099},[138,46527,46528],{},[285,46529,288,46530,291],{"href":3002},[15,46531,3005],{},[138,46533,46534],{},[285,46535,288,46536,291],{"href":3009},[15,46537,3012],{},[138,46539,46540],{},[285,46541,46015],{"href":46014},[138,46543,46544],{},[285,46545,288,46547,291],{"href":46546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46548,46549],{},"print()",[2052,46551,46552],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":46554},[46555,46556,46558,46559,46561,46567,46575,46576,46577,46586],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":45018,"depth":88,"text":46557},"What input() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":45247,"depth":88,"text":46560},"What input() returns",{"id":45450,"depth":88,"text":45451,"children":46562},[46563,46564,46566],{"id":45454,"depth":251,"text":45455},{"id":45507,"depth":251,"text":46565},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45578,"depth":251,"text":45579},{"id":45813,"depth":88,"text":45814,"children":46568},[46569,46571,46572,46574],{"id":45822,"depth":251,"text":46570},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45890,"depth":251,"text":45891},{"id":45965,"depth":251,"text":46573},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46018,"depth":251,"text":46019},{"id":46110,"depth":88,"text":46111},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":46578},[46579,46581,46583,46585],{"id":46457,"depth":251,"text":46580},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46470,"depth":251,"text":46582},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46482,"depth":251,"text":46584},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46501,"depth":251,"text":46502},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42294,"description":46587},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46594,"title":42196,"body":46595,"description":48904,"extension":2099,"meta":48905,"navigation":254,"path":48906,"seo":48907,"stem":48908,"__hash__":48909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46596,"toc":48856},[46597,46602,46607,46612,46633,46636,46638,46698,46700,46718,46723,46728,46733,46735,46748,46750,46833,46835,46876,46882,46884,46914,46920,46923,46940,46942,46994,46996,47013,47019,47025,47028,47046,47048,47121,47123,47142,47149,47155,47160,47163,47223,47225,47244,47247,47250,47265,47271,47275,47336,47338,47358,47362,47491,47493,47623,47633,47639,47645,47653,47719,47721,47746,47749,47766,47779,47785,47788,47821,47823,47836,47839,47882,47884,47892,47899,47903,47910,47914,47941,47943,47951,47957,47974,47979,47983,48010,48012,48020,48024,48029,48032,48058,48061,48070,48078,48082,48092,48096,48099,48101,48152,48154,48184,48194,48221,48223,48231,48241,48245,48248,48250,48298,48300,48344,48350,48401,48403,48422,48427,48432,48435,48454,48457,48509,48511,48520,48522,48526,48530,48533,48542,48549,48551,48578,48582,48584,48593,48596,48603,48609,48669,48673,48675,48683,48686,48712,48718,48721,48741,48743,48751,48759,48761,48767,48772,48779,48789,48795,48803,48807,48810,48812,48853],[10,46598,288,46600,3704],{"id":46599},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46601,3005],{},[20,46603,32424,46604,46606],{},[15,46605,3005],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46608,35514,46609,46611],{},[15,46610,3005],{}," when they want to:",[135,46613,46614,46624,46627,46630],{},[138,46615,46616,46617,46620,46621],{},"turn text like ",[15,46618,46619],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46622,46623],{},"42",[138,46625,46626],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[138,46628,46629],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[138,46631,46632],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46634,46635],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[130,46637,2140],{"id":2139},[28,46639,46641],{"className":30,"code":46640,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46642,46643,46661,46675],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46644,46645,46647,46649,46651,46653,46655,46657,46659],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46646,92],{"class":91},[37,46648,95],{"class":51},[37,46650,818],{"class":756},[37,46652,95],{"class":51},[37,46654,56],{"class":55},[37,46656,46623],{"class":59},[37,46658,56],{"class":55},[37,46660,106],{"class":51},[37,46662,46663,46665,46667,46669,46671,46673],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46664,92],{"class":91},[37,46666,95],{"class":51},[37,46668,818],{"class":756},[37,46670,95],{"class":51},[37,46672,42084],{"class":122},[37,46674,106],{"class":51},[37,46676,46677,46679,46681,46683,46685,46687,46690,46692,46694,46696],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46678,92],{"class":91},[37,46680,95],{"class":51},[37,46682,818],{"class":756},[37,46684,95],{"class":51},[37,46686,56],{"class":55},[37,46688,46689],{"class":59},"101",[37,46691,56],{"class":55},[37,46693,65],{"class":51},[37,46695,890],{"class":122},[37,46697,106],{"class":51},[20,46699,112],{},[28,46701,46703],{"className":30,"code":46702,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46704,46705,46710,46714],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46706,46707],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46708,46709],{"class":122},"42\n",[37,46711,46712],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46713,115],{"class":122},[37,46715,46716],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46717,3076],{"class":122},[20,46719,22,46720,46722],{},[15,46721,3005],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[130,46724,296,46726,3805],{"id":46725},"what-int-does",[15,46727,3005],{},[20,46729,46730,46732],{},[15,46731,3005],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46734,13164],{},[135,46736,46737,46742,46745],{},[138,46738,46739,46740,7461],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46741,818],{},[138,46743,46744],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[138,46746,46747],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46749,197],{},[28,46751,46753],{"className":30,"code":46752,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46754,46755,46767,46781,46785,46795,46805,46819],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46756,46757,46759,46761,46763,46765],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46758,34795],{"class":43},[37,46760,48],{"class":47},[37,46762,68],{"class":55},[37,46764,9312],{"class":59},[37,46766,3484],{"class":55},[37,46768,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46779],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46770,2349],{"class":43},[37,46772,48],{"class":47},[37,46774,45374],{"class":756},[37,46776,95],{"class":51},[37,46778,34816],{"class":102},[37,46780,85],{"class":51},[37,46782,46783],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46784,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,46786,46787,46789,46791,46793],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,46788,92],{"class":91},[37,46790,95],{"class":51},[37,46792,34816],{"class":102},[37,46794,85],{"class":51},[37,46796,46797,46799,46801,46803],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,46798,92],{"class":91},[37,46800,95],{"class":51},[37,46802,2372],{"class":102},[37,46804,85],{"class":51},[37,46806,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,46808,92],{"class":91},[37,46810,95],{"class":51},[37,46812,757],{"class":756},[37,46814,95],{"class":51},[37,46816,34816],{"class":102},[37,46818,106],{"class":51},[37,46820,46821,46823,46825,46827,46829,46831],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,46822,92],{"class":91},[37,46824,95],{"class":51},[37,46826,757],{"class":756},[37,46828,95],{"class":51},[37,46830,2372],{"class":102},[37,46832,106],{"class":51},[20,46834,112],{},[28,46836,46838],{"className":30,"code":46837,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46839,46840,46844,46848,46862],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46841,46842],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46843,2837],{"class":122},[37,46845,46846],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46847,2837],{"class":122},[37,46849,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858,46860],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46851,808],{"class":47},[37,46853,812],{"class":811},[37,46855,815],{"class":55},[37,46857,3569],{"class":59},[37,46859,821],{"class":55},[37,46861,824],{"class":47},[37,46863,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,46865,808],{"class":47},[37,46867,812],{"class":811},[37,46869,815],{"class":55},[37,46871,818],{"class":59},[37,46873,821],{"class":55},[37,46875,824],{"class":47},[20,46877,46878,46879,46881],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46880,3005],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[130,46883,159],{"id":158},[28,46885,46887],{"className":30,"code":46886,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46888,46889,46899],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46890,46891,46893,46895,46897],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46892,818],{"class":756},[37,46894,95],{"class":51},[37,46896,900],{"class":102},[37,46898,85],{"class":51},[37,46900,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909,46912],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46902,818],{"class":756},[37,46904,95],{"class":51},[37,46906,900],{"class":102},[37,46908,65],{"class":51},[37,46910,46911],{"class":102}," base",[37,46913,85],{"class":51},[307,46915,46917],{"id":46916},"intx",[15,46918,46919],{},"int(x)",[20,46921,46922],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[135,46924,46925,46930,46935],{},[138,46926,46927,46928],{},"a string such as ",[15,46929,42226],{},[138,46931,46932,46933],{},"a float such as ",[15,46934,42084],{},[138,46936,46937,46938],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46939,3729],{},[20,46941,197],{},[28,46943,46945],{"className":30,"code":46944,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46946,46947,46965,46980],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,46948,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,46950,92],{"class":91},[37,46952,95],{"class":51},[37,46954,818],{"class":756},[37,46956,95],{"class":51},[37,46958,56],{"class":55},[37,46960,214],{"class":59},[37,46962,56],{"class":55},[37,46964,106],{"class":51},[37,46966,46967,46969,46971,46973,46975,46978],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,46968,92],{"class":91},[37,46970,95],{"class":51},[37,46972,818],{"class":756},[37,46974,95],{"class":51},[37,46976,46977],{"class":122},"8.7",[37,46979,106],{"class":51},[37,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990,46992],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,46983,92],{"class":91},[37,46985,95],{"class":51},[37,46987,818],{"class":756},[37,46989,95],{"class":51},[37,46991,3729],{"class":3977},[37,46993,106],{"class":51},[20,46995,112],{},[28,46997,46999],{"className":30,"code":46998,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47000,47001,47005,47009],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47002,47003],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47004,2509],{"class":122},[37,47006,47007],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47008,2514],{"class":122},[37,47010,47011],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47012,471],{"class":122},[307,47014,47016],{"id":47015},"intx-base",[15,47017,47018],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47020,47021,47022,47024],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47023,900],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47026,47027],{},"Common bases:",[135,47029,47030,47035,47040],{},[138,47031,47032,47034],{},[15,47033,508],{}," for binary",[138,47036,47037,47039],{},[15,47038,2478],{}," for octal",[138,47041,47042,47045],{},[15,47043,47044],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47047,197],{},[28,47049,47051],{"className":30,"code":47050,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47052,47053,47075,47098],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47054,47055,47057,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47071,47073],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47056,92],{"class":91},[37,47058,95],{"class":51},[37,47060,818],{"class":756},[37,47062,95],{"class":51},[37,47064,56],{"class":55},[37,47066,46689],{"class":59},[37,47068,56],{"class":55},[37,47070,65],{"class":51},[37,47072,890],{"class":122},[37,47074,106],{"class":51},[37,47076,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47090,47092,47094,47096],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47078,92],{"class":91},[37,47080,95],{"class":51},[37,47082,818],{"class":756},[37,47084,95],{"class":51},[37,47086,56],{"class":55},[37,47088,47089],{"class":59},"17",[37,47091,56],{"class":55},[37,47093,65],{"class":51},[37,47095,6481],{"class":122},[37,47097,106],{"class":51},[37,47099,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108,47110,47113,47115,47117,47119],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47101,92],{"class":91},[37,47103,95],{"class":51},[37,47105,818],{"class":756},[37,47107,95],{"class":51},[37,47109,56],{"class":55},[37,47111,47112],{"class":59},"1A",[37,47114,56],{"class":55},[37,47116,65],{"class":51},[37,47118,14097],{"class":122},[37,47120,106],{"class":51},[20,47122,112],{},[28,47124,47126],{"className":30,"code":47125,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47127,47128,47132,47137],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47129,47130],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47131,3076],{"class":122},[37,47133,47134],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47135,47136],{"class":122},"15\n",[37,47138,47139],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47140,47141],{"class":122},"26\n",[20,47143,47144,47145,292],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[285,47146,47147,2436],{"href":3009},[15,47148,3012],{},[130,47150,1872,47152,47154],{"id":47151},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47153,3005],{}," with strings",[20,47156,47157,47159],{},[15,47158,3005],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47161,47162],{},"Examples that work:",[28,47164,47166],{"className":30,"code":47165,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47167,47168,47186,47204],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47169,47170,47172,47174,47176,47178,47180,47182,47184],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47171,92],{"class":91},[37,47173,95],{"class":51},[37,47175,818],{"class":756},[37,47177,95],{"class":51},[37,47179,56],{"class":55},[37,47181,446],{"class":59},[37,47183,56],{"class":55},[37,47185,106],{"class":51},[37,47187,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47189,92],{"class":91},[37,47191,95],{"class":51},[37,47193,818],{"class":756},[37,47195,95],{"class":51},[37,47197,56],{"class":55},[37,47199,2425],{"class":59},[37,47201,56],{"class":55},[37,47203,106],{"class":51},[37,47205,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47219,47221],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47207,92],{"class":91},[37,47209,95],{"class":51},[37,47211,818],{"class":756},[37,47213,95],{"class":51},[37,47215,56],{"class":55},[37,47217,47218],{"class":59},"  42  ",[37,47220,56],{"class":55},[37,47222,106],{"class":51},[20,47224,112],{},[28,47226,47228],{"className":30,"code":47227,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47229,47230,47234,47240],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47231,47232],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47233,3076],{"class":122},[37,47235,47236,47238],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47237,2159],{"class":47},[37,47239,2357],{"class":122},[37,47241,47242],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47243,46709],{"class":122},[20,47245,47246],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47248,47249],{},"Examples that fail:",[28,47251,47253],{"className":30,"code":47252,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47254,47255,47260],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47256,47257],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47258,47259],{"class":3788},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[37,47261,47262],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47263,47264],{"class":3788},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47266,47267,47268,47270],{},"These raise ",[15,47269,40805],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[307,47272,47274],{"id":47273},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[28,47276,47278],{"className":30,"code":47277,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47279,47280,47298,47317],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47281,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294,47296],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47283,92],{"class":91},[37,47285,95],{"class":51},[37,47287,818],{"class":756},[37,47289,95],{"class":51},[37,47291,56],{"class":55},[37,47293,1070],{"class":59},[37,47295,56],{"class":55},[37,47297,106],{"class":51},[37,47299,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310,47313,47315],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47301,92],{"class":91},[37,47303,95],{"class":51},[37,47305,818],{"class":756},[37,47307,95],{"class":51},[37,47309,56],{"class":55},[37,47311,47312],{"class":59},"+7",[37,47314,56],{"class":55},[37,47316,106],{"class":51},[37,47318,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329,47332,47334],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47320,92],{"class":91},[37,47322,95],{"class":51},[37,47324,818],{"class":756},[37,47326,95],{"class":51},[37,47328,56],{"class":55},[37,47330,47331],{"class":59},"-100",[37,47333,56],{"class":55},[37,47335,106],{"class":51},[20,47337,112],{},[28,47339,47341],{"className":30,"code":47340,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47342,47343,47347,47351],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47344,47345],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47346,419],{"class":122},[37,47348,47349],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47350,2215],{"class":122},[37,47352,47353,47355],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47354,2159],{"class":47},[37,47356,47357],{"class":122},"100\n",[307,47359,47361],{"id":47360},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[28,47363,47365],{"className":30,"code":47364,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47366,47367,47405,47409,47421,47428,47443,47458],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47368,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396,47398,47401,47403],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47370,1111],{"class":43},[37,47372,48],{"class":47},[37,47374,519],{"class":51},[37,47376,56],{"class":55},[37,47378,40244],{"class":59},[37,47380,56],{"class":55},[37,47382,65],{"class":51},[37,47384,68],{"class":55},[37,47386,47387],{"class":59},"12abc",[37,47389,56],{"class":55},[37,47391,65],{"class":51},[37,47393,6247],{"class":55},[37,47395,65],{"class":51},[37,47397,68],{"class":55},[37,47399,47400],{"class":59},"seven",[37,47402,56],{"class":55},[37,47404,3760],{"class":51},[37,47406,47407],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47408,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,47410,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47412,1767],{"class":1483},[37,47414,21691],{"class":43},[37,47416,1773],{"class":1483},[37,47418,4010],{"class":43},[37,47420,1501],{"class":51},[37,47422,47423,47426],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,47424,47425],{"class":1483},"    try",[37,47427,1501],{"class":51},[37,47429,47430,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,47431,47432],{"class":91},"        print",[37,47434,95],{"class":51},[37,47436,818],{"class":756},[37,47438,95],{"class":51},[37,47440,1215],{"class":102},[37,47442,106],{"class":51},[37,47444,47445,47448,47450,47453,47456],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,47446,47447],{"class":1483},"    except",[37,47449,42026],{"class":756},[37,47451,47452],{"class":1483}," as",[37,47454,47455],{"class":43}," error",[37,47457,1501],{"class":51},[37,47459,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47475,47477,47480,47482,47485,47487,47489],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,47461,47432],{"class":91},[37,47463,95],{"class":51},[37,47465,22401],{"class":811},[37,47467,56],{"class":59},[37,47469,9394],{"class":122},[37,47471,1215],{"class":102},[37,47473,47474],{"class":811},"!r",[37,47476,22410],{"class":122},[37,47478,47479],{"class":59}," -> ",[37,47481,9394],{"class":122},[37,47483,47484],{"class":102},"error",[37,47486,22410],{"class":122},[37,47488,56],{"class":59},[37,47490,85],{"class":51},[20,47492,112],{},[28,47494,47496],{"className":30,"code":47495,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47497,47498,47534,47566,47591],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47499,47500,47502,47504,47506,47509,47512,47514,47516,47518,47521,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47501,821],{"class":43427},[37,47503,40244],{"class":43431},[37,47505,821],{"class":43427},[37,47507,47508],{"class":37469}," ->",[37,47510,47511],{"class":43}," invalid literal ",[37,47513,1767],{"class":1483},[37,47515,45374],{"class":756},[37,47517,7487],{"class":51},[37,47519,47520],{"class":1483}," with",[37,47522,47523],{"class":43}," base ",[37,47525,214],{"class":122},[37,47527,3013],{"class":51},[37,47529,815],{"class":55},[37,47531,40244],{"class":59},[37,47533,29807],{"class":55},[37,47535,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47537,821],{"class":55},[37,47539,47387],{"class":59},[37,47541,821],{"class":55},[37,47543,47508],{"class":37469},[37,47545,47511],{"class":43},[37,47547,1767],{"class":1483},[37,47549,45374],{"class":756},[37,47551,7487],{"class":51},[37,47553,47520],{"class":1483},[37,47555,47523],{"class":43},[37,47557,214],{"class":122},[37,47559,3013],{"class":51},[37,47561,815],{"class":55},[37,47563,47387],{"class":59},[37,47565,29807],{"class":55},[37,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47569,3899],{"class":55},[37,47571,47508],{"class":37469},[37,47573,47511],{"class":43},[37,47575,1767],{"class":1483},[37,47577,45374],{"class":756},[37,47579,7487],{"class":51},[37,47581,47520],{"class":1483},[37,47583,47523],{"class":43},[37,47585,214],{"class":122},[37,47587,3013],{"class":51},[37,47589,47590],{"class":55}," ''\n",[37,47592,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,47594,821],{"class":55},[37,47596,47400],{"class":59},[37,47598,821],{"class":55},[37,47600,47508],{"class":37469},[37,47602,47511],{"class":43},[37,47604,1767],{"class":1483},[37,47606,45374],{"class":756},[37,47608,7487],{"class":51},[37,47610,47520],{"class":1483},[37,47612,47523],{"class":43},[37,47614,214],{"class":122},[37,47616,3013],{"class":51},[37,47618,815],{"class":55},[37,47620,47400],{"class":59},[37,47622,29807],{"class":55},[20,47624,47625,47626,47628,47629,292],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[285,47627,9100],{"href":9099}," and the ",[285,47630,47631,2436],{"href":8337},[15,47632,3087],{},[130,47634,1872,47636,47638],{"id":47635},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47637,3005],{}," with floats",[20,47640,47641,47642,47644],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47643,3005],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47646,47647,47648,14163,47650,47652],{},"Important: ",[15,47649,3005],{},[110,47651,711],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[28,47654,47656],{"className":30,"code":47655,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47657,47658,47672,47687,47703],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47659,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47661,92],{"class":91},[37,47663,95],{"class":51},[37,47665,818],{"class":756},[37,47667,95],{"class":51},[37,47669,42084],{"class":122},[37,47671,106],{"class":51},[37,47673,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682,47685],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47675,92],{"class":91},[37,47677,95],{"class":51},[37,47679,818],{"class":756},[37,47681,95],{"class":51},[37,47683,47684],{"class":122},"3.1",[37,47686,106],{"class":51},[37,47688,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47690,92],{"class":91},[37,47692,95],{"class":51},[37,47694,818],{"class":756},[37,47696,95],{"class":51},[37,47698,2159],{"class":47},[37,47700,42084],{"class":122},[37,47702,106],{"class":51},[37,47704,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,47706,92],{"class":91},[37,47708,95],{"class":51},[37,47710,818],{"class":756},[37,47712,95],{"class":51},[37,47714,2159],{"class":47},[37,47716,47684],{"class":122},[37,47718,106],{"class":51},[20,47720,112],{},[28,47722,47724],{"className":30,"code":47723,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47725,47726,47730,47734,47740],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47727,47728],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47729,115],{"class":122},[37,47731,47732],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47733,115],{"class":122},[37,47735,47736,47738],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47737,2159],{"class":47},[37,47739,115],{"class":122},[37,47741,47742,47744],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,47743,2159],{"class":47},[37,47745,115],{"class":122},[20,47747,47748],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[135,47750,47751,47758],{},[138,47752,47753,42255,47756],{},[15,47754,47755],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47757,1129],{},[138,47759,47760,42255,47763],{},[15,47761,47762],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47764,47765],{},"-3",[20,47767,47768,47769,47773,47774,292],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[285,47770,47771],{"href":3009},[15,47772,3012],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[285,47775,47776],{"href":42275},[15,47777,47778],{},"str()",[130,47780,1872,47782,47784],{"id":47781},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47783,3005],{}," with booleans",[20,47786,47787],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[28,47789,47791],{"className":30,"code":47790,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47792,47793,47807],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47794,47795,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47796,92],{"class":91},[37,47798,95],{"class":51},[37,47800,818],{"class":756},[37,47802,95],{"class":51},[37,47804,3729],{"class":3977},[37,47806,106],{"class":51},[37,47808,47809,47811,47813,47815,47817,47819],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47810,92],{"class":91},[37,47812,95],{"class":51},[37,47814,818],{"class":756},[37,47816,95],{"class":51},[37,47818,3799],{"class":3977},[37,47820,106],{"class":51},[20,47822,112],{},[28,47824,47826],{"className":30,"code":47825,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1\n0\n",[15,47827,47828,47832],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47829,47830],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47831,471],{"class":122},[37,47833,47834],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47835,419],{"class":122},[20,47837,47838],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[28,47840,47842],{"className":30,"code":47841,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47843,47844,47853,47868,47872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47845,47846,47849,47851],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47847,47848],{"class":43},"passed ",[37,47850,48],{"class":47},[37,47852,6543],{"class":3977},[37,47854,47855,47857,47859,47861,47863,47866],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,47856,41284],{"class":43},[37,47858,48],{"class":47},[37,47860,45374],{"class":756},[37,47862,95],{"class":51},[37,47864,47865],{"class":102},"passed",[37,47867,85],{"class":51},[37,47869,47870],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,47871,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,47873,47874,47876,47878,47880],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,47875,92],{"class":91},[37,47877,95],{"class":51},[37,47879,41313],{"class":102},[37,47881,85],{"class":51},[20,47883,112],{},[28,47885,47886],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,47887,47888],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47889,47890],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47891,471],{"class":122},[20,47893,47894,47895,292],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[285,47896,47897,2436],{"href":5902},[15,47898,3939],{},[130,47900,47902],{"id":47901},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47904,47905,47906,47909],{},"Use the ",[15,47907,47908],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[307,47911,47913],{"id":47912},"binary-example","Binary example",[28,47915,47917],{"className":30,"code":47916,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47918,47919],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47920,47921,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933,47935,47937,47939],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47922,92],{"class":91},[37,47924,95],{"class":51},[37,47926,818],{"class":756},[37,47928,95],{"class":51},[37,47930,56],{"class":55},[37,47932,46689],{"class":59},[37,47934,56],{"class":55},[37,47936,65],{"class":51},[37,47938,890],{"class":122},[37,47940,106],{"class":51},[20,47942,112],{},[28,47944,47945],{"className":30,"code":3076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,47946,47947],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47948,47949],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47950,3076],{"class":122},[20,47952,47953,47956],{},[15,47954,47955],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[135,47958,47959,47964,47969],{},[138,47960,47961],{},[15,47962,47963],{},"1 × 4",[138,47965,47966],{},[15,47967,47968],{},"0 × 2",[138,47970,47971],{},[15,47972,47973],{},"1 × 1",[20,47975,47976,47977,292],{},"So the result is ",[15,47978,446],{},[307,47980,47982],{"id":47981},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[28,47984,47986],{"className":30,"code":47985,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47987,47988],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,47989,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998,48000,48002,48004,48006,48008],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,47991,92],{"class":91},[37,47993,95],{"class":51},[37,47995,818],{"class":756},[37,47997,95],{"class":51},[37,47999,56],{"class":55},[37,48001,47112],{"class":59},[37,48003,56],{"class":55},[37,48005,65],{"class":51},[37,48007,14097],{"class":122},[37,48009,106],{"class":51},[20,48011,112],{},[28,48013,48014],{"className":30,"code":47141,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,48015,48016],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48017,48018],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48019,47141],{"class":122},[307,48021,48023],{"id":48022},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48025,1531,48026,48028],{},[15,48027,47908],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48030,48031],{},"Good:",[28,48033,48034],{"className":30,"code":47916,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,48035,48036],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48037,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048,48050,48052,48054,48056],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48039,92],{"class":91},[37,48041,95],{"class":51},[37,48043,818],{"class":756},[37,48045,95],{"class":51},[37,48047,56],{"class":55},[37,48049,46689],{"class":59},[37,48051,56],{"class":55},[37,48053,65],{"class":51},[37,48055,890],{"class":122},[37,48057,106],{"class":51},[20,48059,48060],{},"Not correct:",[28,48062,48064],{"className":30,"code":48063,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48065,48066],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48067,48068],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48069,48063],{"class":3788},[20,48071,48072,48073,8719,48075,48077],{},"That causes a ",[15,48074,3133],{},[15,48076,47908],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[130,48079,48081],{"id":48080},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48083,48084,48085,48087,48088,851,48090,292],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48086,3005],{}," are ",[15,48089,40805],{},[15,48091,3133],{},[307,48093,48094],{"id":41613},[15,48095,40805],{},[20,48097,48098],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48100,197],{},[28,48102,48104],{"className":30,"code":48103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48105,48106,48112,48130,48142],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48107,48108,48110],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48109,29911],{"class":1483},[37,48111,1501],{"class":51},[37,48113,48114,48116,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,48115,1506],{"class":91},[37,48117,95],{"class":51},[37,48119,818],{"class":756},[37,48121,95],{"class":51},[37,48123,56],{"class":55},[37,48125,40244],{"class":59},[37,48127,56],{"class":55},[37,48129,106],{"class":51},[37,48131,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,48133,29942],{"class":1483},[37,48135,42026],{"class":756},[37,48137,47452],{"class":1483},[37,48139,47455],{"class":43},[37,48141,1501],{"class":51},[37,48143,48144,48146,48148,48150],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,48145,1506],{"class":91},[37,48147,95],{"class":51},[37,48149,47484],{"class":102},[37,48151,85],{"class":51},[20,48153,112],{},[28,48155,48157],{"className":30,"code":48156,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48158,48159],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48160,48161,48164,48166,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48162,48163],{"class":43},"invalid literal ",[37,48165,1767],{"class":1483},[37,48167,45374],{"class":756},[37,48169,7487],{"class":51},[37,48171,47520],{"class":1483},[37,48173,47523],{"class":43},[37,48175,214],{"class":122},[37,48177,3013],{"class":51},[37,48179,815],{"class":55},[37,48181,40244],{"class":59},[37,48183,29807],{"class":55},[20,48185,48186,48187,48190,48191,48193],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48188,48189],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48192,3005],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[28,48195,48197],{"className":30,"code":48196,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48198,48199],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48200,48201,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215,48217,48219],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48202,92],{"class":91},[37,48204,95],{"class":51},[37,48206,818],{"class":756},[37,48208,95],{"class":51},[37,48210,2324],{"class":756},[37,48212,95],{"class":51},[37,48214,56],{"class":55},[37,48216,40244],{"class":59},[37,48218,56],{"class":55},[37,48220,3041],{"class":51},[20,48222,112],{},[28,48224,48225],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,48226,48227],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48228,48229],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48230,115],{"class":122},[20,48232,48233,48234,851,48237,292],{},"If you see this often, read ",[285,48235,48236],{"href":3091},"how to convert string to int in Python",[285,48238,25787,48239],{"href":46014},[15,48240,46015],{},[307,48242,48243],{"id":41679},[15,48244,3133],{},[20,48246,48247],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48249,197],{},[28,48251,48253],{"className":30,"code":48252,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48254,48255,48261,48275,48288],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48256,48257,48259],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48258,29911],{"class":1483},[37,48260,1501],{"class":51},[37,48262,48263,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,48264,1506],{"class":91},[37,48266,95],{"class":51},[37,48268,818],{"class":756},[37,48270,95],{"class":51},[37,48272,3904],{"class":3977},[37,48274,106],{"class":51},[37,48276,48277,48279,48282,48284,48286],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,48278,29942],{"class":1483},[37,48280,48281],{"class":756}," TypeError",[37,48283,47452],{"class":1483},[37,48285,47455],{"class":43},[37,48287,1501],{"class":51},[37,48289,48290,48292,48294,48296],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,48291,1506],{"class":91},[37,48293,95],{"class":51},[37,48295,47484],{"class":102},[37,48297,85],{"class":51},[20,48299,112],{},[28,48301,48303],{"className":30,"code":48302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48304,48305],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48306,48307,48309,48311,48314,48316,48318,48321,48323,48326,48328,48331,48333,48335,48337,48339,48342],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48308,818],{"class":756},[37,48310,7487],{"class":51},[37,48312,48313],{"class":43}," argument must be a string",[37,48315,65],{"class":51},[37,48317,44642],{"class":43},[37,48319,48320],{"class":756},"bytes",[37,48322,2159],{"class":47},[37,48324,48325],{"class":43},"like ",[37,48327,42497],{"class":756},[37,48329,48330],{"class":47}," or",[37,48332,40941],{"class":43},[37,48334,65],{"class":51},[37,48336,8218],{"class":47},[37,48338,815],{"class":55},[37,48340,48341],{"class":59},"NoneType",[37,48343,29807],{"class":55},[20,48345,48346,48347,48349],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48348,47908],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[28,48351,48353],{"className":30,"code":48352,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48354,48355,48361,48379,48391],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48356,48357,48359],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48358,29911],{"class":1483},[37,48360,1501],{"class":51},[37,48362,48363,48365,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,48364,1506],{"class":91},[37,48366,95],{"class":51},[37,48368,818],{"class":756},[37,48370,95],{"class":51},[37,48372,46689],{"class":122},[37,48374,65],{"class":51},[37,48376,890],{"class":122},[37,48378,106],{"class":51},[37,48380,48381,48383,48385,48387,48389],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,48382,29942],{"class":1483},[37,48384,48281],{"class":756},[37,48386,47452],{"class":1483},[37,48388,47455],{"class":43},[37,48390,1501],{"class":51},[37,48392,48393,48395,48397,48399],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,48394,1506],{"class":91},[37,48396,95],{"class":51},[37,48398,47484],{"class":102},[37,48400,85],{"class":51},[20,48402,112],{},[28,48404,48406],{"className":30,"code":48405,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48407,48408],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48409,48410,48412,48414,48417,48419],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48411,818],{"class":756},[37,48413,7487],{"class":51},[37,48415,48416],{"class":43}," can",[37,48418,821],{"class":55},[37,48420,48421],{"class":59},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[130,48423,5080,48425],{"id":48424},"when-to-use-int",[15,48426,3005],{},[20,48428,22,48429,48431],{},[15,48430,3005],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48433,48434],{},"Common uses:",[135,48436,48437,48443,48446,48449],{},[138,48438,48439,48440,48442],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48441,3087],{}," into integers",[138,48444,48445],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[138,48447,48448],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[138,48450,48451,48452,36717],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48453,47908],{},[20,48455,48456],{},"Example with user input:",[28,48458,48460],{"className":30,"code":48459,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48461,48462,48476,48491,48495],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48463,48464,48467,48469,48471,48474],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48465,48466],{"class":43},"age_text ",[37,48468,48],{"class":47},[37,48470,68],{"class":55},[37,48472,48473],{"class":59},"18",[37,48475,3484],{"class":55},[37,48477,48478,48480,48482,48484,48486,48489],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,48479,21735],{"class":43},[37,48481,48],{"class":47},[37,48483,45374],{"class":756},[37,48485,95],{"class":51},[37,48487,48488],{"class":102},"age_text",[37,48490,85],{"class":51},[37,48492,48493],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,48494,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,48496,48497,48499,48501,48503,48505,48507],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,48498,92],{"class":91},[37,48500,95],{"class":51},[37,48502,21735],{"class":102},[37,48504,2196],{"class":47},[37,48506,5619],{"class":122},[37,48508,85],{"class":51},[20,48510,112],{},[28,48512,48514],{"className":30,"code":48513,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"19\n",[15,48515,48516],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48517,48518],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48519,48513],{"class":122},[130,48521,1854],{"id":1853},[20,48523,14843,48524,292],{},[15,48525,3005],{},[307,48527,48529],{"id":48528},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48531,48532],{},"This fails:",[28,48534,48536],{"className":30,"code":48535,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48537,48538],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48539,48540],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48541,48535],{"class":3788},[20,48543,48544,48545,48548],{},"Why: ",[15,48546,48547],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48550,18948],{},[28,48552,48554],{"className":30,"code":48553,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48555,48556],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48557,48558,48560,48562,48564,48566,48568,48570,48572,48574,48576],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48559,92],{"class":91},[37,48561,95],{"class":51},[37,48563,818],{"class":756},[37,48565,95],{"class":51},[37,48567,2324],{"class":756},[37,48569,95],{"class":51},[37,48571,56],{"class":55},[37,48573,41225],{"class":59},[37,48575,56],{"class":55},[37,48577,3041],{"class":51},[307,48579,48581],{"id":48580},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48583,48532],{},[28,48585,48587],{"className":30,"code":48586,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48588,48589],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48590,48591],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48592,48586],{"class":3788},[20,48594,48595],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[307,48597,48599,48600],{"id":48598},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48601,48602],{},"int(None)",[20,48604,48605,48606,48608],{},"This fails because ",[15,48607,3904],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[28,48610,48612],{"className":30,"code":48611,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48613,48614,48623,48627,48633,48647,48659],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48615,48616,48618,48620],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48617,1194],{"class":43},[37,48619,48],{"class":47},[37,48621,48622],{"class":3977}," None\n",[37,48624,48625],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,48626,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,48628,48629,48631],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,48630,29911],{"class":1483},[37,48632,1501],{"class":51},[37,48634,48635,48637,48639,48641,48643,48645],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,48636,1506],{"class":91},[37,48638,95],{"class":51},[37,48640,818],{"class":756},[37,48642,95],{"class":51},[37,48644,1215],{"class":102},[37,48646,106],{"class":51},[37,48648,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,48650,29942],{"class":1483},[37,48652,48281],{"class":756},[37,48654,47452],{"class":1483},[37,48656,47455],{"class":43},[37,48658,1501],{"class":51},[37,48660,48661,48663,48665,48667],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,48662,1506],{"class":91},[37,48664,95],{"class":51},[37,48666,47484],{"class":102},[37,48668,85],{"class":51},[307,48670,48672],{"id":48671},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48674,48532],{},[28,48676,48677],{"className":30,"code":48063,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,48678,48679],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48680,48681],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48682,48063],{"class":3788},[20,48684,48685],{},"Use a string instead:",[28,48687,48688],{"className":30,"code":47916,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,48689,48690],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48691,48692,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704,48706,48708,48710],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48693,92],{"class":91},[37,48695,95],{"class":51},[37,48697,818],{"class":756},[37,48699,95],{"class":51},[37,48701,56],{"class":55},[37,48703,46689],{"class":59},[37,48705,56],{"class":55},[37,48707,65],{"class":51},[37,48709,890],{"class":122},[37,48711,106],{"class":51},[307,48713,1880,48715,48717],{"id":48714},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48716,3005],{}," to round",[20,48719,48720],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[28,48722,48724],{"className":30,"code":48723,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48725,48726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48727,48728,48730,48732,48734,48736,48739],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48729,92],{"class":91},[37,48731,95],{"class":51},[37,48733,818],{"class":756},[37,48735,95],{"class":51},[37,48737,48738],{"class":122},"4.9",[37,48740,106],{"class":51},[20,48742,112],{},[28,48744,48745],{"className":30,"code":274,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,48746,48747],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48748,48749],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48750,274],{"class":122},[20,48752,3298,48753,48755,48756,48758],{},[15,48754,446],{},", remember that ",[15,48757,3005],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[130,48760,1969],{"id":1968},[307,48762,1983,48764,48766],{"id":48763},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48765,3005],{}," round numbers?",[20,48768,1989,48769,48771],{},[15,48770,3005],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[307,48773,5278,48775,48778],{"id":48774},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48776,48777],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48780,29168,48781,48783,48784,48786,48787,40030],{},[15,48782,48189],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48785,3012],{}," first, then use ",[15,48788,3005],{},[307,48790,5262,48792,12828],{"id":48791},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48793,48794],{},"int(True)",[20,48796,5268,48797,28420,48799,42255,48801,292],{},[15,48798,501],{},[15,48800,3799],{},[15,48802,1070],{},[307,48804,48806],{"id":48805},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48808,48809],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[130,48811,2025],{"id":2024},[135,48813,48814,48820,48826,48832,48837,48841,48847],{},[138,48815,48816],{},[285,48817,48818,291],{"href":3009},[15,48819,3012],{},[138,48821,48822],{},[285,48823,48824,291],{"href":42275},[15,48825,47778],{},[138,48827,48828],{},[285,48829,48830,291],{"href":5902},[15,48831,3939],{},[138,48833,48834],{},[285,48835,48836],{"href":3091},"How to convert string to int in Python",[138,48838,48839],{},[285,48840,9177],{"href":9099},[138,48842,48843],{},[285,48844,48845,291],{"href":8337},[15,48846,3087],{},[138,48848,48849],{},[285,48850,30455,48851],{"href":46014},[15,48852,46015],{},[2052,48854,48855],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":48857},[48858,48859,48861,48865,48870,48872,48874,48879,48883,48885,48894,48903],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":46725,"depth":88,"text":48860},"What int() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":48862},[48863,48864],{"id":46916,"depth":251,"text":46919},{"id":47015,"depth":251,"text":47018},{"id":47151,"depth":88,"text":48866,"children":48867},"Using int() with strings",[48868,48869],{"id":47273,"depth":251,"text":47274},{"id":47360,"depth":251,"text":47361},{"id":47635,"depth":88,"text":48871},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47781,"depth":88,"text":48873},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47901,"depth":88,"text":47902,"children":48875},[48876,48877,48878],{"id":47912,"depth":251,"text":47913},{"id":47981,"depth":251,"text":47982},{"id":48022,"depth":251,"text":48023},{"id":48080,"depth":88,"text":48081,"children":48880},[48881,48882],{"id":41613,"depth":251,"text":40805},{"id":41679,"depth":251,"text":3133},{"id":48424,"depth":88,"text":48884},"When to use int()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":48886},[48887,48888,48889,48891,48892],{"id":48528,"depth":251,"text":48529},{"id":48580,"depth":251,"text":48581},{"id":48598,"depth":251,"text":48890},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48671,"depth":251,"text":48672},{"id":48714,"depth":251,"text":48893},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":48895},[48896,48898,48900,48902],{"id":48763,"depth":251,"text":48897},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48774,"depth":251,"text":48899},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48791,"depth":251,"text":48901},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48805,"depth":251,"text":48806},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42196,"description":48904},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48911,"title":48912,"body":48913,"description":50748,"extension":2099,"meta":50749,"navigation":254,"path":44900,"seo":50750,"stem":50751,"__hash__":50752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48914,"toc":50704},[48915,48920,48925,48933,48942,48944,49003,49009,49014,49019,49022,49049,49052,49055,49066,49076,49078,49080,49100,49104,49132,49134,49173,49175,49183,49185,49188,49192,49245,49247,49259,49263,49320,49322,49334,49340,49346,49350,49353,49356,49422,49424,49436,49442,49444,49496,49499,49540,49543,49550,49559,49565,49568,49601,49607,49610,49641,49647,49650,49662,49666,49671,49675,49833,49835,49850,49853,49857,49961,49963,49980,49984,50045,50047,50055,50058,50062,50129,50131,50140,50146,50148,50157,50159,50194,50199,50201,50231,50235,50237,50274,50277,50279,50316,50322,50324,50374,50376,50384,50394,50400,50404,50409,50458,50460,50473,50476,50478,50481,50556,50559,50578,50581,50611,50621,50623,50628,50635,50641,50647,50654,50662,50668,50671,50673,50701],[10,48916,288,48918,3704],{"id":48917},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48919,44903],{},[20,48921,48922,48924],{},[15,48923,44903],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48926,48927,48928,3006,48930,48932],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48929,3729],{},[15,48931,3799],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48934,48935,48936,48938,48939,48941],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48937,44903],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48940,2435],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[130,48943,3734],{"id":3733},[28,48945,48947],{"className":30,"code":48946,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48948,48949,48957,48961,48982],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,48950,48951,48953,48955],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,48952,1194],{"class":43},[37,48954,48],{"class":47},[37,48956,1345],{"class":122},[37,48958,48959],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,48960,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,48962,48963,48965,48967,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,48964,92],{"class":91},[37,48966,95],{"class":51},[37,48968,48969],{"class":91},"isinstance",[37,48971,95],{"class":51},[37,48973,1215],{"class":102},[37,48975,65],{"class":51},[37,48977,45374],{"class":756},[37,48979,5482],{"class":51},[37,48981,43954],{"class":3788},[37,48983,48984,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994,48996,48999,49001],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,48985,92],{"class":91},[37,48987,95],{"class":51},[37,48989,48969],{"class":91},[37,48991,95],{"class":51},[37,48993,1215],{"class":102},[37,48995,65],{"class":51},[37,48997,48998],{"class":756}," str",[37,49000,5482],{"class":51},[37,49002,43971],{"class":3788},[20,49004,22,49005,49008],{},[15,49006,49007],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[130,49010,296,49012,3805],{"id":49011},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49013,44903],{},[20,49015,49016,49018],{},[15,49017,44903],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49020,49021],{},"It:",[135,49023,49024,49027,49033,49036],{},[138,49025,49026],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[138,49028,11539,49029,3006,49031],{},[15,49030,3729],{},[15,49032,3799],{},[138,49034,49035],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[138,49037,49038,49039,2321,49041,2321,49043,2321,49045,17181,49047],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49040,3569],{},[15,49042,818],{},[15,49044,8213],{},[15,49046,835],{},[15,49048,8940],{},[20,49050,49051],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49053,49054],{},"For example, you might want to:",[135,49056,49057,49060,49063],{},[138,49058,49059],{},"loop through a list",[138,49061,49062],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[138,49064,49065],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49067,49068,49069,3006,49072,292],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[285,49070,44895],{"href":49071},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[285,49073,49075],{"href":49074},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[130,49077,159],{"id":158},[20,49079,2293],{},[28,49081,49083],{"className":30,"code":49082,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49084,49085],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49086,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49098],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49088,48969],{"class":91},[37,49090,95],{"class":51},[37,49092,42497],{"class":756},[37,49094,65],{"class":51},[37,49096,49097],{"class":102}," classinfo",[37,49099,85],{"class":51},[307,49101,49103],{"id":49102},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[135,49105,49106,49111,49125],{},[138,49107,49108,49110],{},[15,49109,42497],{}," is the value you want to test",[138,49112,49113,49116,49117,2321,49119,2321,49121,2325,49123],{},[15,49114,49115],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49118,818],{},[15,49120,3569],{},[15,49122,8213],{},[15,49124,8940],{},[138,49126,49127,49128,3006,49130],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49129,3729],{},[15,49131,3799],{},[20,49133,197],{},[28,49135,49137],{"className":30,"code":49136,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49138,49139,49151,49155],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49140,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49142,7996],{"class":43},[37,49144,48],{"class":47},[37,49146,68],{"class":55},[37,49148,11623],{"class":59},[37,49150,3484],{"class":55},[37,49152,49153],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49154,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49156,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49158,92],{"class":91},[37,49160,95],{"class":51},[37,49162,48969],{"class":91},[37,49164,95],{"class":51},[37,49166,7790],{"class":102},[37,49168,65],{"class":51},[37,49170,48998],{"class":756},[37,49172,106],{"class":51},[20,49174,112],{},[28,49176,49177],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,49178,49179],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49180,49181],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49182,4103],{"class":3977},[130,49184,11590],{"id":11589},[20,49186,49187],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[307,49189,49191],{"id":49190},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[28,49193,49195],{"className":30,"code":49194,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49196,49197,49205,49209,49227],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49198,49199,49201,49203],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49200,1194],{"class":43},[37,49202,48],{"class":47},[37,49204,45323],{"class":122},[37,49206,49207],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49208,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49210,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49212,92],{"class":91},[37,49214,95],{"class":51},[37,49216,48969],{"class":91},[37,49218,95],{"class":51},[37,49220,1215],{"class":102},[37,49222,65],{"class":51},[37,49224,45374],{"class":756},[37,49226,106],{"class":51},[37,49228,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,49230,92],{"class":91},[37,49232,95],{"class":51},[37,49234,48969],{"class":91},[37,49236,95],{"class":51},[37,49238,1215],{"class":102},[37,49240,65],{"class":51},[37,49242,48998],{"class":756},[37,49244,106],{"class":51},[20,49246,112],{},[28,49248,49249],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,49250,49251,49255],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49252,49253],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49254,4103],{"class":3977},[37,49256,49257],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49258,4164],{"class":3977},[307,49260,49262],{"id":49261},"check-text","Check text",[28,49264,49266],{"className":30,"code":49265,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49267,49268,49280,49284,49302],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49269,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49271,34795],{"class":43},[37,49273,48],{"class":47},[37,49275,68],{"class":55},[37,49277,3970],{"class":59},[37,49279,3484],{"class":55},[37,49281,49282],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49283,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49285,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49287,92],{"class":91},[37,49289,95],{"class":51},[37,49291,48969],{"class":91},[37,49293,95],{"class":51},[37,49295,34816],{"class":102},[37,49297,65],{"class":51},[37,49299,48998],{"class":756},[37,49301,106],{"class":51},[37,49303,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,49305,92],{"class":91},[37,49307,95],{"class":51},[37,49309,48969],{"class":91},[37,49311,95],{"class":51},[37,49313,34816],{"class":102},[37,49315,65],{"class":51},[37,49317,45374],{"class":756},[37,49319,106],{"class":51},[20,49321,112],{},[28,49323,49324],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,49325,49326,49330],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49327,49328],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49329,4103],{"class":3977},[37,49331,49332],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49333,4164],{"class":3977},[20,49335,49336,49337,49339],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49338,44903],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49341,49342,49343,292],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[285,49344,49345],{"href":3091},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[130,49347,49349],{"id":49348},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49351,49352],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49354,49355],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[28,49357,49359],{"className":30,"code":49358,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49360,49361,49370,49374,49398],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49362,49363,49365,49367],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49364,1194],{"class":43},[37,49366,48],{"class":47},[37,49368,49369],{"class":122}," 3.5\n",[37,49371,49372],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49373,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49375,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49377,92],{"class":91},[37,49379,95],{"class":51},[37,49381,48969],{"class":91},[37,49383,95],{"class":51},[37,49385,1215],{"class":102},[37,49387,65],{"class":51},[37,49389,52],{"class":51},[37,49391,818],{"class":756},[37,49393,65],{"class":51},[37,49395,40356],{"class":756},[37,49397,3041],{"class":51},[37,49399,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,49401,92],{"class":91},[37,49403,95],{"class":51},[37,49405,48969],{"class":91},[37,49407,95],{"class":51},[37,49409,1215],{"class":102},[37,49411,65],{"class":51},[37,49413,52],{"class":51},[37,49415,3569],{"class":756},[37,49417,65],{"class":51},[37,49419,22666],{"class":756},[37,49421,3041],{"class":51},[20,49423,112],{},[28,49425,49426],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,49427,49428,49432],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49429,49430],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49431,4103],{"class":3977},[37,49433,49434],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49435,4164],{"class":3977},[20,49437,49438,49439,49441],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49440,40938],{}," conditions.",[20,49443,8416],{},[28,49445,49447],{"className":30,"code":49446,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49448,49449,49457,49461],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49450,49451,49453,49455],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49452,1194],{"class":43},[37,49454,48],{"class":47},[37,49456,49369],{"class":122},[37,49458,49459],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49460,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49462,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49464,92],{"class":91},[37,49466,95],{"class":51},[37,49468,757],{"class":756},[37,49470,95],{"class":51},[37,49472,1215],{"class":102},[37,49474,18],{"class":51},[37,49476,1495],{"class":47},[37,49478,45374],{"class":756},[37,49480,48330],{"class":1483},[37,49482,49483],{"class":756}," type",[37,49485,95],{"class":51},[37,49487,1215],{"class":102},[37,49489,18],{"class":51},[37,49491,1495],{"class":47},[37,49493,40356],{"class":756},[37,49495,85],{"class":51},[20,49497,49498],{},"you can write this:",[28,49500,49502],{"className":30,"code":49501,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49503,49504,49512,49516],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49505,49506,49508,49510],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49507,1194],{"class":43},[37,49509,48],{"class":47},[37,49511,49369],{"class":122},[37,49513,49514],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49515,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49517,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49519,92],{"class":91},[37,49521,95],{"class":51},[37,49523,48969],{"class":91},[37,49525,95],{"class":51},[37,49527,1215],{"class":102},[37,49529,65],{"class":51},[37,49531,52],{"class":51},[37,49533,818],{"class":756},[37,49535,65],{"class":51},[37,49537,40356],{"class":756},[37,49539,3041],{"class":51},[20,49541,49542],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[130,49544,49546,10700,49548],{"id":49545},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49547,44903],{},[15,49549,2435],{},[20,49551,10705,49552,851,49554,49558],{},[15,49553,44903],{},[285,49555,49556],{"href":2432},[15,49557,2435],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[307,49560,49562],{"id":49561},"typevalue-int",[15,49563,49564],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49566,49567],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[28,49569,49571],{"className":30,"code":49570,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49572,49573,49581],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49574,49575,49577,49579],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49576,1194],{"class":43},[37,49578,48],{"class":47},[37,49580,1345],{"class":122},[37,49582,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49584,92],{"class":91},[37,49586,95],{"class":51},[37,49588,757],{"class":756},[37,49590,95],{"class":51},[37,49592,1215],{"class":102},[37,49594,18],{"class":51},[37,49596,1495],{"class":47},[37,49598,45374],{"class":756},[37,49600,85],{"class":51},[307,49602,49604],{"id":49603},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49605,49606],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49608,49609],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[28,49611,49613],{"className":30,"code":49612,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49614,49615,49623],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49616,49617,49619,49621],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49618,1194],{"class":43},[37,49620,48],{"class":47},[37,49622,1345],{"class":122},[37,49624,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49626,92],{"class":91},[37,49628,95],{"class":51},[37,49630,48969],{"class":91},[37,49632,95],{"class":51},[37,49634,1215],{"class":102},[37,49636,65],{"class":51},[37,49638,45374],{"class":756},[37,49640,106],{"class":51},[20,49642,49643,49644,49646],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49645,44903],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49648,49649],{},"In everyday code:",[135,49651,49652,49657],{},[138,49653,40091,49654,49656],{},[15,49655,2435],{}," when you need the exact type",[138,49658,40091,49659,49661],{},[15,49660,44903],{}," when you want a practical type check",[130,49663,49665],{"id":49664},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49667,49668,49669,292],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49670,44903],{},[307,49672,49674],{"id":49673},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[28,49676,49678],{"className":30,"code":49677,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49679,49680,49698,49717,49729,49734,49752,49763,49767,49779,49783,49807],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49681,49682,49684,49687,49689,49691,49693,49696],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49683,34959],{"class":811},[37,49685,49686],{"class":34962}," repeat_text",[37,49688,95],{"class":51},[37,49690,34816],{"class":37764},[37,49692,65],{"class":51},[37,49694,49695],{"class":37764}," count",[37,49697,8460],{"class":51},[37,49699,49700,49702,49704,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49701,6519],{"class":1483},[37,49703,8218],{"class":47},[37,49705,49706],{"class":91}," isinstance",[37,49708,95],{"class":51},[37,49710,34816],{"class":102},[37,49712,65],{"class":51},[37,49714,48998],{"class":756},[37,49716,8460],{"class":51},[37,49718,49719,49722,49724,49727],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49720,49721],{"class":1483},"        return",[37,49723,68],{"class":55},[37,49725,49726],{"class":59},"text must be a string",[37,49728,3484],{"class":55},[37,49730,49731],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,49732,49733],{"class":43},"    \n",[37,49735,49736,49738,49740,49742,49744,49746,49748,49750],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,49737,6519],{"class":1483},[37,49739,8218],{"class":47},[37,49741,49706],{"class":91},[37,49743,95],{"class":51},[37,49745,265],{"class":102},[37,49747,65],{"class":51},[37,49749,45374],{"class":756},[37,49751,8460],{"class":51},[37,49753,49754,49756,49758,49761],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,49755,49721],{"class":1483},[37,49757,68],{"class":55},[37,49759,49760],{"class":59},"count must be an integer",[37,49762,3484],{"class":55},[37,49764,49765],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,49766,49733],{"class":43},[37,49768,49769,49771,49774,49776],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,49770,34970],{"class":1483},[37,49772,49773],{"class":43}," text ",[37,49775,39973],{"class":47},[37,49777,49778],{"class":43}," count\n",[37,49780,49781],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,49782,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49784,49785,49787,49789,49792,49794,49796,49799,49801,49803,49805],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,49786,92],{"class":91},[37,49788,95],{"class":51},[37,49790,49791],{"class":102},"repeat_text",[37,49793,95],{"class":51},[37,49795,56],{"class":55},[37,49797,49798],{"class":59},"Hi ",[37,49800,56],{"class":55},[37,49802,65],{"class":51},[37,49804,513],{"class":122},[37,49806,106],{"class":51},[37,49808,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831],{"class":39,"line":11708},[37,49810,92],{"class":91},[37,49812,95],{"class":51},[37,49814,49791],{"class":102},[37,49816,95],{"class":51},[37,49818,56],{"class":55},[37,49820,49798],{"class":59},[37,49822,56],{"class":55},[37,49824,65],{"class":51},[37,49826,68],{"class":55},[37,49828,1129],{"class":59},[37,49830,56],{"class":55},[37,49832,106],{"class":51},[20,49834,112],{},[28,49836,49838],{"className":30,"code":49837,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49839,49840,49845],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49841,49842],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49843,49844],{"class":43},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[37,49846,49847],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49848,49849],{"class":43},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49851,49852],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[307,49854,49856],{"id":49855},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[28,49858,49860],{"className":30,"code":49859,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49861,49862,49894,49898,49914,49929,49946],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49863,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49865,1194],{"class":43},[37,49867,48],{"class":47},[37,49869,519],{"class":51},[37,49871,56],{"class":55},[37,49873,285],{"class":59},[37,49875,56],{"class":55},[37,49877,65],{"class":51},[37,49879,68],{"class":55},[37,49881,777],{"class":59},[37,49883,56],{"class":55},[37,49885,65],{"class":51},[37,49887,68],{"class":55},[37,49889,1754],{"class":59},[37,49891,56],{"class":55},[37,49893,3760],{"class":51},[37,49895,49896],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,49897,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,49899,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,49901,1484],{"class":1483},[37,49903,49706],{"class":91},[37,49905,95],{"class":51},[37,49907,1215],{"class":102},[37,49909,65],{"class":51},[37,49911,48998],{"class":756},[37,49913,8460],{"class":51},[37,49915,49916,49918,49920,49922,49925,49927],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,49917,1506],{"class":91},[37,49919,95],{"class":51},[37,49921,56],{"class":55},[37,49923,49924],{"class":59},"This is text",[37,49926,56],{"class":55},[37,49928,85],{"class":51},[37,49930,49931,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,49932,49933],{"class":1483},"elif",[37,49935,49706],{"class":91},[37,49937,95],{"class":51},[37,49939,1215],{"class":102},[37,49941,65],{"class":51},[37,49943,22666],{"class":756},[37,49945,8460],{"class":51},[37,49947,49948,49950,49952,49954,49957,49959],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,49949,1506],{"class":91},[37,49951,95],{"class":51},[37,49953,56],{"class":55},[37,49955,49956],{"class":59},"This is a list",[37,49958,56],{"class":55},[37,49960,85],{"class":51},[20,49962,112],{},[28,49964,49966],{"className":30,"code":49965,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"This is a list\n",[15,49967,49968],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49969,49970,49973,49975,49977],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49971,49972],{"class":43},"This ",[37,49974,12306],{"class":47},[37,49976,44642],{"class":43},[37,49978,49979],{"class":756},"list\n",[307,49981,49983],{"id":49982},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[28,49985,49987],{"className":30,"code":49986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49988,49989,50001,50005,50021,50035],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,49990,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,49992,1194],{"class":43},[37,49994,48],{"class":47},[37,49996,68],{"class":55},[37,49998,46623],{"class":59},[37,50000,3484],{"class":55},[37,50002,50003],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50004,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,50006,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50008,1484],{"class":1483},[37,50010,49706],{"class":91},[37,50012,95],{"class":51},[37,50014,1215],{"class":102},[37,50016,65],{"class":51},[37,50018,48998],{"class":756},[37,50020,8460],{"class":51},[37,50022,50023,50025,50027,50029,50031,50033],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50024,41990],{"class":43},[37,50026,48],{"class":47},[37,50028,45374],{"class":756},[37,50030,95],{"class":51},[37,50032,1215],{"class":102},[37,50034,85],{"class":51},[37,50036,50037,50039,50041,50043],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,50038,1506],{"class":91},[37,50040,95],{"class":51},[37,50042,2372],{"class":102},[37,50044,85],{"class":51},[20,50046,112],{},[28,50048,50049],{"className":30,"code":46709,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,50050,50051],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50052,50053],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50054,46709],{"class":122},[20,50056,50057],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[307,50059,50061],{"id":50060},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[28,50063,50065],{"className":30,"code":50064,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50066,50067,50091,50095,50111],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50068,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50070,1194],{"class":43},[37,50072,48],{"class":47},[37,50074,10605],{"class":51},[37,50076,56],{"class":55},[37,50078,7790],{"class":59},[37,50080,56],{"class":55},[37,50082,3013],{"class":51},[37,50084,68],{"class":55},[37,50086,1646],{"class":59},[37,50088,56],{"class":55},[37,50090,9424],{"class":51},[37,50092,50093],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50094,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,50096,50097,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50098,1484],{"class":1483},[37,50100,49706],{"class":91},[37,50102,95],{"class":51},[37,50104,1215],{"class":102},[37,50106,65],{"class":51},[37,50108,9289],{"class":756},[37,50110,8460],{"class":51},[37,50112,50113,50115,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50114,1506],{"class":91},[37,50116,95],{"class":51},[37,50118,1215],{"class":102},[37,50120,1067],{"class":51},[37,50122,56],{"class":55},[37,50124,7790],{"class":59},[37,50126,56],{"class":55},[37,50128,530],{"class":51},[20,50130,112],{},[28,50132,50134],{"className":30,"code":50133,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana\n",[15,50135,50136],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50137,50138],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50139,50133],{"class":43},[20,50141,50142,50143,50145],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50144,3133],{}," messages later.",[130,50147,155],{"id":4638},[307,50149,50151,50152,1866,50155],{"id":50150},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50153,50154],{},"\"int\"",[15,50156,818],{},[20,50158,16753],{},[28,50160,50162],{"className":30,"code":50161,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50163,50164,50172],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50165,50166,50168,50170],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50167,1194],{"class":43},[37,50169,48],{"class":47},[37,50171,1345],{"class":122},[37,50173,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50175,92],{"class":91},[37,50177,95],{"class":51},[37,50179,48969],{"class":91},[37,50181,95],{"class":51},[37,50183,1215],{"class":102},[37,50185,65],{"class":51},[37,50187,68],{"class":55},[37,50189,818],{"class":59},[37,50191,56],{"class":55},[37,50193,106],{"class":51},[20,50195,50196,50198],{},[15,50197,50154],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50200,16765],{},[28,50202,50203],{"className":30,"code":49612,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,50204,50205,50213],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50206,50207,50209,50211],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50208,1194],{"class":43},[37,50210,48],{"class":47},[37,50212,1345],{"class":122},[37,50214,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50216,92],{"class":91},[37,50218,95],{"class":51},[37,50220,48969],{"class":91},[37,50222,95],{"class":51},[37,50224,1215],{"class":102},[37,50226,65],{"class":51},[37,50228,45374],{"class":756},[37,50230,106],{"class":51},[307,50232,50234],{"id":50233},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50236,16753],{},[28,50238,50240],{"className":30,"code":50239,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50241,50242,50250],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50243,50244,50246,50248],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50245,1194],{"class":43},[37,50247,48],{"class":47},[37,50249,34950],{"class":122},[37,50251,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50253,92],{"class":91},[37,50255,95],{"class":51},[37,50257,48969],{"class":91},[37,50259,95],{"class":51},[37,50261,1215],{"class":102},[37,50263,65],{"class":51},[37,50265,519],{"class":51},[37,50267,818],{"class":756},[37,50269,65],{"class":51},[37,50271,40356],{"class":756},[37,50273,1073],{"class":51},[20,50275,50276],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50278,16765],{},[28,50280,50282],{"className":30,"code":50281,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50283,50284,50292],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50285,50286,50288,50290],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50287,1194],{"class":43},[37,50289,48],{"class":47},[37,50291,34950],{"class":122},[37,50293,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308,50310,50312,50314],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50295,92],{"class":91},[37,50297,95],{"class":51},[37,50299,48969],{"class":91},[37,50301,95],{"class":51},[37,50303,1215],{"class":102},[37,50305,65],{"class":51},[37,50307,52],{"class":51},[37,50309,818],{"class":756},[37,50311,65],{"class":51},[37,50313,40356],{"class":756},[37,50315,3041],{"class":51},[307,50317,25881,50319,50321],{"id":50318},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50320,44903],{}," converts a value",[20,50323,19021],{},[28,50325,50327],{"className":30,"code":50326,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50328,50329,50342,50360,50364],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50330,50331,50333,50335,50337,50340],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50332,1194],{"class":43},[37,50334,48],{"class":47},[37,50336,68],{"class":55},[37,50338,50339],{"class":59},"123",[37,50341,3484],{"class":55},[37,50343,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50345,2362],{"class":43},[37,50347,48],{"class":47},[37,50349,49706],{"class":91},[37,50351,95],{"class":51},[37,50353,1215],{"class":102},[37,50355,65],{"class":51},[37,50357,45374],{"class":756},[37,50359,85],{"class":51},[37,50361,50362],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50363,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,50365,50366,50368,50370,50372],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50367,92],{"class":91},[37,50369,95],{"class":51},[37,50371,2397],{"class":102},[37,50373,85],{"class":51},[20,50375,112],{},[28,50377,50378],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,50379,50380],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50381,50382],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50383,4164],{"class":3977},[20,50385,50386,50387,50390,50391,50393],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50388,50389],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50392,50339],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50395,50396,50397,6752],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50398,50399],{},"int(value)",[307,50401,50403],{"id":50402},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50405,50406,50408],{},[15,50407,44903],{}," does not modify anything.",[28,50410,50412],{"className":30,"code":50411,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50413,50414,50426,50430,50448],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50415,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50417,1194],{"class":43},[37,50419,48],{"class":47},[37,50421,68],{"class":55},[37,50423,13667],{"class":59},[37,50425,3484],{"class":55},[37,50427,50428],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50429,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,50431,50432,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50433,92],{"class":91},[37,50435,95],{"class":51},[37,50437,48969],{"class":91},[37,50439,95],{"class":51},[37,50441,1215],{"class":102},[37,50443,65],{"class":51},[37,50445,48998],{"class":756},[37,50447,106],{"class":51},[37,50449,50450,50452,50454,50456],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50451,92],{"class":91},[37,50453,95],{"class":51},[37,50455,1215],{"class":102},[37,50457,85],{"class":51},[20,50459,112],{},[28,50461,50463],{"className":30,"code":50462,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\n100\n",[15,50464,50465,50469],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50466,50467],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50468,4103],{"class":3977},[37,50470,50471],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50472,47357],{"class":122},[20,50474,50475],{},"The value stays the same.",[130,50477,26049],{"id":26048},[20,50479,50480],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[28,50482,50484],{"className":30,"code":50483,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50485,50486,50500,50518,50542],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50487,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50489,92],{"class":91},[37,50491,95],{"class":51},[37,50493,757],{"class":756},[37,50495,95],{"class":51},[37,50497,1215],{"class":102},[37,50499,106],{"class":51},[37,50501,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50503,92],{"class":91},[37,50505,95],{"class":51},[37,50507,48969],{"class":91},[37,50509,95],{"class":51},[37,50511,1215],{"class":102},[37,50513,65],{"class":51},[37,50515,45374],{"class":756},[37,50517,106],{"class":51},[37,50519,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50521,92],{"class":91},[37,50523,95],{"class":51},[37,50525,48969],{"class":91},[37,50527,95],{"class":51},[37,50529,1215],{"class":102},[37,50531,65],{"class":51},[37,50533,52],{"class":51},[37,50535,818],{"class":756},[37,50537,65],{"class":51},[37,50539,40356],{"class":756},[37,50541,3041],{"class":51},[37,50543,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50545,92],{"class":91},[37,50547,95],{"class":51},[37,50549,41879],{"class":91},[37,50551,95],{"class":51},[37,50553,1215],{"class":102},[37,50555,106],{"class":51},[20,50557,50558],{},"These can help when:",[135,50560,50561,50564,50569,50572],{},[138,50562,50563],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[138,50565,50566,50567],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50568,3133],{},[138,50570,50571],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[138,50573,50574,50575,50577],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50576,44903],{}," is invalid",[20,50579,50580],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[135,50582,50583,50597,50603,50608],{},[138,50584,50585,50586,3006,50589,50592,50593,3006,50595],{},"using ",[15,50587,50588],{},"'int'",[15,50590,50591],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50594,818],{},[15,50596,3569],{},[138,50598,50599,50600,50602],{},"expecting ",[15,50601,44903],{}," to convert a value",[138,50604,50585,50605,50607],{},[15,50606,2435],{}," when inherited types should also match",[138,50609,50610],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50612,50613,50614,292],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[285,50615,50617,50618],{"href":50616},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50619,50620],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[130,50622,1969],{"id":1968},[307,50624,5262,50626,5265],{"id":50625},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50627,44903],{},[20,50629,5268,50630,50632,50633,292],{},[15,50631,3729],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50634,3799],{},[307,50636,5290,50638,50640],{"id":50637},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50639,44903],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50642,50643,50644,292],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50645,50646],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[307,50648,5300,50650,851,50652,2623],{"id":50649},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50651,44903],{},[15,50653,2435],{},[20,50655,50656,50658,50659,50661],{},[15,50657,2435],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50660,44903],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[307,50663,1983,50665,50667],{"id":50664},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50666,44903],{}," convert a value?",[20,50669,50670],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[130,50672,2025],{"id":2024},[135,50674,50675,50681,50685,50690,50695],{},[138,50676,50677],{},[285,50678,288,50679,291],{"href":2432},[15,50680,2435],{},[138,50682,50683],{},[285,50684,44895],{"href":49071},[138,50686,50687],{},[285,50688,50689],{"href":3091},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[138,50691,50692],{},[285,50693,50694],{"href":49074},"What is a data type in Python?",[138,50696,50697],{},[285,50698,50617,50699],{"href":50616},[15,50700,50620],{},[2052,50702,50703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":50705},[50706,50707,50709,50712,50716,50717,50722,50728,50736,50737,50747],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":49011,"depth":88,"text":50708},"What isinstance() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":50710},[50711],{"id":49102,"depth":251,"text":49103},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590,"children":50713},[50714,50715],{"id":49190,"depth":251,"text":49191},{"id":49261,"depth":251,"text":49262},{"id":49348,"depth":88,"text":49349},{"id":49545,"depth":88,"text":50718,"children":50719},"isinstance() vs type()",[50720,50721],{"id":49561,"depth":251,"text":49564},{"id":49603,"depth":251,"text":49606},{"id":49664,"depth":88,"text":49665,"children":50723},[50724,50725,50726,50727],{"id":49673,"depth":251,"text":49674},{"id":49855,"depth":251,"text":49856},{"id":49982,"depth":251,"text":49983},{"id":50060,"depth":251,"text":50061},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":50729},[50730,50732,50733,50735],{"id":50150,"depth":251,"text":50731},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50233,"depth":251,"text":50234},{"id":50318,"depth":251,"text":50734},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50402,"depth":251,"text":50403},{"id":26048,"depth":88,"text":26049},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":50738},[50739,50741,50743,50745],{"id":50625,"depth":251,"text":50740},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50637,"depth":251,"text":50742},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50649,"depth":251,"text":50744},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50664,"depth":251,"text":50746},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48912,"description":50748},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50754,"title":50755,"body":50756,"description":52726,"extension":2099,"meta":52727,"navigation":254,"path":52728,"seo":52729,"stem":52730,"__hash__":52731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50757,"toc":52701},[50758,50761,50766,50771,50785,50788,50790,50865,50870,50874,50879,50882,50896,50898,51063,51076,51078,51080,51095,51098,51101,51114,51116,51214,51218,51224,51227,51236,51238,51273,51278,51299,51304,51309,51341,51344,51401,51405,51411,51414,51467,51469,51507,51510,51578,51581,51632,51639,51643,51649,51734,51740,51746,51795,51798,51801,51851,51853,51858,51862,51912,51916,51963,51967,52044,52048,52113,52116,52120,52125,52130,52142,52144,52163,52169,52172,52191,52196,52223,52230,52234,52240,52243,52338,52341,52344,52393,52398,52400,52404,52439,52442,52499,52509,52512,52546,52549,52551,52555,52558,52562,52565,52569,52572,52576,52589,52593,52598,52600,52650,52662,52664,52698],[10,50759,50755],{"id":50760},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50762,9242,50763,50765],{},[15,50764,25],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50767,35514,50768,50770],{},[15,50769,25],{}," to count:",[135,50772,50773,50776,50779,50782],{},[138,50774,50775],{},"characters in a string",[138,50777,50778],{},"items in a list or tuple",[138,50780,50781],{},"keys in a dictionary",[138,50783,50784],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50786,50787],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[130,50789,2140],{"id":2139},[28,50791,50793],{"className":30,"code":50792,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50794,50795,50807,50827,50831,50848],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50796,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50798,34795],{"class":43},[37,50800,48],{"class":47},[37,50802,68],{"class":55},[37,50804,3970],{"class":59},[37,50806,3484],{"class":55},[37,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50810,670],{"class":43},[37,50812,48],{"class":47},[37,50814,519],{"class":51},[37,50816,214],{"class":122},[37,50818,65],{"class":51},[37,50820,219],{"class":122},[37,50822,65],{"class":51},[37,50824,224],{"class":122},[37,50826,3760],{"class":51},[37,50828,50829],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50830,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,50832,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50834,92],{"class":91},[37,50836,95],{"class":51},[37,50838,17],{"class":91},[37,50840,95],{"class":51},[37,50842,34816],{"class":102},[37,50844,5482],{"class":51},[37,50846,50847],{"class":3788},"   # 5\n",[37,50849,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,50851,92],{"class":91},[37,50853,95],{"class":51},[37,50855,17],{"class":91},[37,50857,95],{"class":51},[37,50859,687],{"class":102},[37,50861,5482],{"class":51},[37,50863,50864],{"class":3788},"  # 3\n",[20,50866,22,50867,50869],{},[15,50868,25],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[130,50871,50873],{"id":50872},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50875,50876,50878],{},[15,50877,25],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50880,50881],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[135,50883,50884,50887,50890,50893],{},[138,50885,50886],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[138,50888,50889],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[138,50891,50892],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[138,50894,50895],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50897,197],{},[28,50899,50901],{"className":30,"code":50900,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50902,50903,50915,50939,50971,50991,50995,51012,51029,51046],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,50904,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,50906,7996],{"class":43},[37,50908,48],{"class":47},[37,50910,68],{"class":55},[37,50912,7799],{"class":59},[37,50914,3484],{"class":55},[37,50916,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,50918,207],{"class":43},[37,50920,48],{"class":47},[37,50922,519],{"class":51},[37,50924,214],{"class":122},[37,50926,65],{"class":51},[37,50928,219],{"class":122},[37,50930,65],{"class":51},[37,50932,224],{"class":122},[37,50934,65],{"class":51},[37,50936,229],{"class":122},[37,50938,3760],{"class":51},[37,50940,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,50942,494],{"class":43},[37,50944,48],{"class":47},[37,50946,10605],{"class":51},[37,50948,56],{"class":55},[37,50950,285],{"class":59},[37,50952,56],{"class":55},[37,50954,3013],{"class":51},[37,50956,5619],{"class":122},[37,50958,65],{"class":51},[37,50960,68],{"class":55},[37,50962,777],{"class":59},[37,50964,56],{"class":55},[37,50966,3013],{"class":51},[37,50968,890],{"class":122},[37,50970,9424],{"class":51},[37,50972,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,50974,1111],{"class":43},[37,50976,48],{"class":47},[37,50978,10605],{"class":51},[37,50980,446],{"class":122},[37,50982,65],{"class":51},[37,50984,1145],{"class":122},[37,50986,65],{"class":51},[37,50988,1564],{"class":122},[37,50990,9424],{"class":51},[37,50992,50993],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,50994,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,50998,92],{"class":91},[37,51000,95],{"class":51},[37,51002,17],{"class":91},[37,51004,95],{"class":51},[37,51006,7790],{"class":102},[37,51008,5482],{"class":51},[37,51010,51011],{"class":3788},"     # 3\n",[37,51013,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,51015,92],{"class":91},[37,51017,95],{"class":51},[37,51019,17],{"class":91},[37,51021,95],{"class":51},[37,51023,246],{"class":102},[37,51025,5482],{"class":51},[37,51027,51028],{"class":3788},"  # 4\n",[37,51030,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,51032,92],{"class":91},[37,51034,95],{"class":51},[37,51036,17],{"class":91},[37,51038,95],{"class":51},[37,51040,543],{"class":102},[37,51042,5482],{"class":51},[37,51044,51045],{"class":3788},"     # 2\n",[37,51047,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,51049,92],{"class":91},[37,51051,95],{"class":51},[37,51053,17],{"class":91},[37,51055,95],{"class":51},[37,51057,1160],{"class":102},[37,51059,5482],{"class":51},[37,51061,51062],{"class":3788},"   # 3\n",[20,51064,51065,51066,2321,51070,17181,51074,292],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[285,51067,51069],{"href":51068},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[285,51071,51073],{"href":51072},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[285,51075,9275],{"href":9274},[130,51077,159],{"id":158},[20,51079,2293],{},[28,51081,51083],{"className":30,"code":51082,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"len(object)\n",[15,51084,51085],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51086,51087,51089,51091,51093],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51088,17],{"class":91},[37,51090,95],{"class":51},[37,51092,42497],{"class":756},[37,51094,85],{"class":51},[20,51096,51097],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51099,51100],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[135,51102,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111],{},[138,51104,38009],{},[138,51106,38003],{},[138,51108,38006],{},[138,51110,38012],{},[138,51112,51113],{},"a dictionary",[20,51115,197],{},[28,51117,51119],{"className":30,"code":51118,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51120,51121,51142,51166,51188],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51122,51123,51125,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51124,92],{"class":91},[37,51126,95],{"class":51},[37,51128,17],{"class":91},[37,51130,95],{"class":51},[37,51132,56],{"class":55},[37,51134,32],{"class":59},[37,51136,56],{"class":55},[37,51138,5482],{"class":51},[37,51140,51141],{"class":3788},"      # 6\n",[37,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51145,92],{"class":91},[37,51147,95],{"class":51},[37,51149,17],{"class":91},[37,51151,3115],{"class":51},[37,51153,501],{"class":122},[37,51155,65],{"class":51},[37,51157,890],{"class":122},[37,51159,65],{"class":51},[37,51161,513],{"class":122},[37,51163,4854],{"class":51},[37,51165,51011],{"class":3788},[37,51167,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51185],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51169,92],{"class":91},[37,51171,95],{"class":51},[37,51173,17],{"class":91},[37,51175,5632],{"class":51},[37,51177,214],{"class":122},[37,51179,65],{"class":51},[37,51181,219],{"class":122},[37,51183,51184],{"class":51},")))",[37,51186,51187],{"class":3788},"      # 2\n",[37,51189,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51211],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,51191,92],{"class":91},[37,51193,95],{"class":51},[37,51195,17],{"class":91},[37,51197,5651],{"class":51},[37,51199,56],{"class":55},[37,51201,900],{"class":59},[37,51203,56],{"class":55},[37,51205,3013],{"class":51},[37,51207,5619],{"class":122},[37,51209,51210],{"class":51},"}))",[37,51212,51213],{"class":3788},"      # 1\n",[130,51215,51217],{"id":51216},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51219,51220,51221,51223],{},"When you use ",[15,51222,25],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51225,51226],{},"That includes:",[135,51228,51229,51231,51233],{},[138,51230,1785],{},[138,51232,10566],{},[138,51234,51235],{},"punctuation",[20,51237,197],{},[28,51239,51241],{"className":30,"code":51240,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51242,51243,51256],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51244,51245,51247,51249,51251,51254],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51246,34795],{"class":43},[37,51248,48],{"class":47},[37,51250,68],{"class":55},[37,51252,51253],{"class":59},"Hi there!",[37,51255,3484],{"class":55},[37,51257,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51259,92],{"class":91},[37,51261,95],{"class":51},[37,51263,17],{"class":91},[37,51265,95],{"class":51},[37,51267,34816],{"class":102},[37,51269,5482],{"class":51},[37,51271,51272],{"class":3788},"  # 9\n",[20,51274,51275,51276,2623],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51277,2278],{},[135,51279,51280,51286,51290,51293],{},[138,51281,51282,51285],{},[15,51283,51284],{},"H"," = 1",[138,51287,51288,51285],{},[15,51289,1797],{},[138,51291,51292],{},"space = 1",[138,51294,51295,51298],{},[15,51296,51297],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51300,51301,51302],{},"Total: ",[15,51303,2278],{},[20,51305,51306,51307,3013],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51308,1070],{},[28,51310,51312],{"className":30,"code":51311,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51313,51314,51323],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51315,51316,51319,51321],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51317,51318],{"class":43},"empty_text ",[37,51320,48],{"class":47},[37,51322,8001],{"class":55},[37,51324,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51336,51338],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51326,92],{"class":91},[37,51328,95],{"class":51},[37,51330,17],{"class":91},[37,51332,95],{"class":51},[37,51334,51335],{"class":102},"empty_text",[37,51337,5482],{"class":51},[37,51339,51340],{"class":3788},"  # 0\n",[20,51342,51343],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[28,51345,51347],{"className":30,"code":51346,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51348,51349,51362,51366,51386],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51350,51351,51354,51356,51358,51360],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51352,51353],{"class":43},"user_name ",[37,51355,48],{"class":47},[37,51357,68],{"class":55},[37,51359,5123],{"class":59},[37,51361,3484],{"class":55},[37,51363,51364],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51365,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,51367,51368,51370,51372,51374,51377,51379,51382,51384],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51369,1484],{"class":1483},[37,51371,241],{"class":91},[37,51373,95],{"class":51},[37,51375,51376],{"class":102},"user_name",[37,51378,18],{"class":51},[37,51380,51381],{"class":47}," >=",[37,51383,513],{"class":122},[37,51385,1501],{"class":51},[37,51387,51388,51390,51392,51394,51397,51399],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,51389,1506],{"class":91},[37,51391,95],{"class":51},[37,51393,56],{"class":55},[37,51395,51396],{"class":59},"Name is long enough",[37,51398,56],{"class":55},[37,51400,85],{"class":51},[130,51402,51404],{"id":51403},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51406,51407,51408,51410],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51409,25],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51412,51413],{},"Example with a list:",[28,51415,51417],{"className":30,"code":51416,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51418,51419,51451],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51420,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51422,44],{"class":43},[37,51424,48],{"class":47},[37,51426,519],{"class":51},[37,51428,56],{"class":55},[37,51430,60],{"class":59},[37,51432,56],{"class":55},[37,51434,65],{"class":51},[37,51436,68],{"class":55},[37,51438,71],{"class":59},[37,51440,56],{"class":55},[37,51442,65],{"class":51},[37,51444,68],{"class":55},[37,51446,80],{"class":59},[37,51448,56],{"class":55},[37,51450,3760],{"class":51},[37,51452,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51454,92],{"class":91},[37,51456,95],{"class":51},[37,51458,17],{"class":91},[37,51460,95],{"class":51},[37,51462,103],{"class":102},[37,51464,5482],{"class":51},[37,51466,50864],{"class":3788},[20,51468,38018],{},[28,51470,51472],{"className":30,"code":51471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51473,51474,51490],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51475,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51477,1553],{"class":43},[37,51479,48],{"class":47},[37,51481,52],{"class":51},[37,51483,214],{"class":122},[37,51485,65],{"class":51},[37,51487,219],{"class":122},[37,51489,85],{"class":51},[37,51491,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51493,92],{"class":91},[37,51495,95],{"class":51},[37,51497,17],{"class":91},[37,51499,95],{"class":51},[37,51501,1581],{"class":102},[37,51503,5482],{"class":51},[37,51505,51506],{"class":3788},"  # 2\n",[20,51508,51509],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[28,51511,51513],{"className":30,"code":51512,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51514,51515,51539,51543,51561],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51516,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51518,670],{"class":43},[37,51520,48],{"class":47},[37,51522,519],{"class":51},[37,51524,56],{"class":55},[37,51526,329],{"class":59},[37,51528,56],{"class":55},[37,51530,65],{"class":51},[37,51532,68],{"class":55},[37,51534,338],{"class":59},[37,51536,56],{"class":55},[37,51538,3760],{"class":51},[37,51540,51541],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51542,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,51544,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51546,1484],{"class":1483},[37,51548,241],{"class":91},[37,51550,95],{"class":51},[37,51552,687],{"class":102},[37,51554,18],{"class":51},[37,51556,38497],{"class":47},[37,51558,5619],{"class":122},[37,51560,1501],{"class":51},[37,51562,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,51564,1506],{"class":91},[37,51566,95],{"class":51},[37,51568,687],{"class":102},[37,51570,1067],{"class":51},[37,51572,501],{"class":122},[37,51574,20553],{"class":51},[37,51576,51577],{"class":3788},"  # banana\n",[20,51579,51580],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[28,51582,51584],{"className":30,"code":51583,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51585,51586,51609],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51587,51588,51590,51592,51594,51597,51599,51602,51604,51607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51589,5183],{"class":43},[37,51591,48],{"class":47},[37,51593,519],{"class":51},[37,51595,51596],{"class":122},"88",[37,51598,65],{"class":51},[37,51600,51601],{"class":122}," 91",[37,51603,65],{"class":51},[37,51605,51606],{"class":122}," 75",[37,51608,3760],{"class":51},[37,51610,51611,51613,51615,51617,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51612,92],{"class":91},[37,51614,95],{"class":51},[37,51616,56],{"class":55},[37,51618,51619],{"class":59},"Number of scores:",[37,51621,56],{"class":55},[37,51623,65],{"class":51},[37,51625,241],{"class":91},[37,51627,95],{"class":51},[37,51629,16498],{"class":102},[37,51631,106],{"class":51},[20,51633,51634,51635,292],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[285,51636,51638],{"href":51637},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[130,51640,51642],{"id":51641},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51644,51645,51646,51648],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51647,25],{}," counts keys.",[28,51650,51652],{"className":30,"code":51651,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51653,51654,51662,51680,51694,51710,51714,51718],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51655,51656,51658,51660],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51657,12976],{"class":43},[37,51659,48],{"class":47},[37,51661,11607],{"class":51},[37,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51665,11612],{"class":55},[37,51667,7790],{"class":59},[37,51669,56],{"class":55},[37,51671,3013],{"class":51},[37,51673,68],{"class":55},[37,51675,8041],{"class":59},[37,51677,56],{"class":55},[37,51679,11628],{"class":51},[37,51681,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51683,11612],{"class":55},[37,51685,9415],{"class":59},[37,51687,56],{"class":55},[37,51689,3013],{"class":51},[37,51691,31051],{"class":122},[37,51693,11628],{"class":51},[37,51695,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,51697,11612],{"class":55},[37,51699,19999],{"class":59},[37,51701,56],{"class":55},[37,51703,3013],{"class":51},[37,51705,68],{"class":55},[37,51707,22352],{"class":59},[37,51709,3484],{"class":55},[37,51711,51712],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,51713,9424],{"class":51},[37,51715,51716],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,51717,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,51719,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,51721,92],{"class":91},[37,51723,95],{"class":51},[37,51725,17],{"class":91},[37,51727,95],{"class":51},[37,51729,13735],{"class":102},[37,51731,5482],{"class":51},[37,51733,50864],{"class":3788},[20,51735,51736,51737,51739],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51738,25],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51741,51742,51743,51745],{},"For sets, ",[15,51744,25],{}," counts unique items:",[28,51747,51749],{"className":30,"code":51748,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51750,51751,51779],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51752,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775,51777],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51754,207],{"class":43},[37,51756,48],{"class":47},[37,51758,10605],{"class":51},[37,51760,501],{"class":122},[37,51762,65],{"class":51},[37,51764,890],{"class":122},[37,51766,65],{"class":51},[37,51768,513],{"class":122},[37,51770,65],{"class":51},[37,51772,513],{"class":122},[37,51774,65],{"class":51},[37,51776,890],{"class":122},[37,51778,9424],{"class":51},[37,51780,51781,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51782,92],{"class":91},[37,51784,95],{"class":51},[37,51786,17],{"class":91},[37,51788,95],{"class":51},[37,51790,246],{"class":102},[37,51792,5482],{"class":51},[37,51794,50864],{"class":3788},[20,51796,51797],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51799,51800],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[28,51802,51804],{"className":30,"code":51803,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51805,51806,51814,51818,51836],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51807,51808,51810,51812],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51809,494],{"class":43},[37,51811,48],{"class":47},[37,51813,9953],{"class":51},[37,51815,51816],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51817,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,51819,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828,51830,51832,51834],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51821,1484],{"class":1483},[37,51823,241],{"class":91},[37,51825,95],{"class":51},[37,51827,543],{"class":102},[37,51829,18],{"class":51},[37,51831,1495],{"class":47},[37,51833,1498],{"class":122},[37,51835,1501],{"class":51},[37,51837,51838,51840,51842,51844,51847,51849],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,51839,1506],{"class":91},[37,51841,95],{"class":51},[37,51843,56],{"class":55},[37,51845,51846],{"class":59},"The dictionary is empty",[37,51848,56],{"class":55},[37,51850,85],{"class":51},[130,51852,41147],{"id":41146},[20,51854,51855,51856,292],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51857,25],{},[307,51859,51861],{"id":51860},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[28,51863,51865],{"className":30,"code":51864,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51866,51867,51875,51879,51897],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51868,51869,51871,51873],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51870,670],{"class":43},[37,51872,48],{"class":47},[37,51874,7958],{"class":51},[37,51876,51877],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51878,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,51880,51881,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51882,1484],{"class":1483},[37,51884,241],{"class":91},[37,51886,95],{"class":51},[37,51888,687],{"class":102},[37,51890,18],{"class":51},[37,51892,1495],{"class":47},[37,51894,1498],{"class":122},[37,51896,1501],{"class":51},[37,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51908,51910],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,51900,1506],{"class":91},[37,51902,95],{"class":51},[37,51904,56],{"class":55},[37,51906,51907],{"class":59},"The list is empty",[37,51909,56],{"class":55},[37,51911,85],{"class":51},[307,51913,51915],{"id":51914},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[28,51917,51919],{"className":30,"code":51918,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51920,51921,51940],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51922,51923,51925,51927,51929,51931,51933,51936,51938],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51924,6275],{"class":43},[37,51926,48],{"class":47},[37,51928,8360],{"class":91},[37,51930,95],{"class":51},[37,51932,56],{"class":55},[37,51934,51935],{"class":59},"Enter a word: ",[37,51937,56],{"class":55},[37,51939,85],{"class":51},[37,51941,51942,51944,51946,51948,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51943,92],{"class":91},[37,51945,95],{"class":51},[37,51947,56],{"class":55},[37,51949,51950],{"class":59},"Number of characters:",[37,51952,56],{"class":55},[37,51954,65],{"class":51},[37,51956,241],{"class":91},[37,51958,95],{"class":51},[37,51960,38492],{"class":102},[37,51962,106],{"class":51},[307,51964,51966],{"id":51965},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[28,51968,51970],{"className":30,"code":51969,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51971,51972,51986,51990,52008,52023,52029],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,51973,51974,51977,51979,51981,51984],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,51975,51976],{"class":43},"password ",[37,51978,48],{"class":47},[37,51980,68],{"class":55},[37,51982,51983],{"class":59},"secret123",[37,51985,3484],{"class":55},[37,51987,51988],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,51989,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,51991,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,51993,1484],{"class":1483},[37,51995,241],{"class":91},[37,51997,95],{"class":51},[37,51999,17729],{"class":102},[37,52001,18],{"class":51},[37,52003,51381],{"class":47},[37,52005,6481],{"class":122},[37,52007,1501],{"class":51},[37,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52019,52021],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,52011,1506],{"class":91},[37,52013,95],{"class":51},[37,52015,56],{"class":55},[37,52017,52018],{"class":59},"Password length is valid",[37,52020,56],{"class":55},[37,52022,85],{"class":51},[37,52024,52025,52027],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,52026,27540],{"class":1483},[37,52028,1501],{"class":51},[37,52030,52031,52033,52035,52037,52040,52042],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,52032,1506],{"class":91},[37,52034,95],{"class":51},[37,52036,56],{"class":55},[37,52038,52039],{"class":59},"Password is too short",[37,52041,56],{"class":55},[37,52043,85],{"class":51},[307,52045,52047],{"id":52046},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[28,52049,52051],{"className":30,"code":52050,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52052,52053,52089],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52054,52055,52058,52060,52062,52064,52067,52069,52071,52073,52076,52078,52080,52082,52085,52087],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52056,52057],{"class":43},"results ",[37,52059,48],{"class":47},[37,52061,519],{"class":51},[37,52063,56],{"class":55},[37,52065,52066],{"class":59},"item1",[37,52068,56],{"class":55},[37,52070,65],{"class":51},[37,52072,68],{"class":55},[37,52074,52075],{"class":59},"item2",[37,52077,56],{"class":55},[37,52079,65],{"class":51},[37,52081,68],{"class":55},[37,52083,52084],{"class":59},"item3",[37,52086,56],{"class":55},[37,52088,3760],{"class":51},[37,52090,52091,52093,52095,52097,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108,52111],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52092,92],{"class":91},[37,52094,95],{"class":51},[37,52096,56],{"class":55},[37,52098,52099],{"class":59},"Items found:",[37,52101,56],{"class":55},[37,52103,65],{"class":51},[37,52105,241],{"class":91},[37,52107,95],{"class":51},[37,52109,52110],{"class":102},"results",[37,52112,106],{"class":51},[20,52114,52115],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[130,52117,52119],{"id":52118},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52121,52122,52124],{},[15,52123,25],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52126,52127,52128,3013],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52129,3133],{},[135,52131,52132,52135,52138],{},[138,52133,52134],{},"plain integers",[138,52136,52137],{},"floats",[138,52139,52140],{},[15,52141,3904],{},[20,52143,197],{},[28,52145,52147],{"className":30,"code":52146,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52148,52149],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52150,52151,52153,52155,52157,52159,52161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52152,92],{"class":91},[37,52154,95],{"class":51},[37,52156,17],{"class":91},[37,52158,95],{"class":51},[37,52160,446],{"class":122},[37,52162,106],{"class":51},[20,52164,52165,52166,52168],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52167,446],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52170,52171],{},"Another example:",[28,52173,52175],{"className":30,"code":52174,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52176,52177],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52178,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52180,92],{"class":91},[37,52182,95],{"class":51},[37,52184,17],{"class":91},[37,52186,95],{"class":51},[37,52188,40244],{"class":122},[37,52190,106],{"class":51},[20,52192,52193,52194,3013],{},"And with ",[15,52195,3904],{},[28,52197,52199],{"className":30,"code":52198,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52200,52201,52209],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52202,52203,52205,52207],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52204,1194],{"class":43},[37,52206,48],{"class":47},[37,52208,48622],{"class":3977},[37,52210,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52212,92],{"class":91},[37,52214,95],{"class":51},[37,52216,17],{"class":91},[37,52218,95],{"class":51},[37,52220,1215],{"class":102},[37,52222,106],{"class":51},[20,52224,52225,52226,292],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[285,52227,52229],{"href":52228},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[130,52231,52233],{"id":52232},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52235,52236,52237,52239],{},"Before using ",[15,52238,25],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52241,52242],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[28,52244,52246],{"className":30,"code":52245,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52247,52248,52256,52260,52270,52284,52302,52320],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52249,52250,52252,52254],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52251,1194],{"class":43},[37,52253,48],{"class":47},[37,52255,48622],{"class":3977},[37,52257,52258],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52259,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,52261,52262,52264,52266,52268],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,52263,92],{"class":91},[37,52265,95],{"class":51},[37,52267,1215],{"class":102},[37,52269,85],{"class":51},[37,52271,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,52273,92],{"class":91},[37,52275,95],{"class":51},[37,52277,757],{"class":756},[37,52279,95],{"class":51},[37,52281,1215],{"class":102},[37,52283,106],{"class":51},[37,52285,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,52287,92],{"class":91},[37,52289,95],{"class":51},[37,52291,48969],{"class":91},[37,52293,95],{"class":51},[37,52295,1215],{"class":102},[37,52297,65],{"class":51},[37,52299,48998],{"class":756},[37,52301,106],{"class":51},[37,52303,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,52305,92],{"class":91},[37,52307,95],{"class":51},[37,52309,48969],{"class":91},[37,52311,95],{"class":51},[37,52313,1215],{"class":102},[37,52315,65],{"class":51},[37,52317,22666],{"class":756},[37,52319,106],{"class":51},[37,52321,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,52323,92],{"class":91},[37,52325,95],{"class":51},[37,52327,48969],{"class":91},[37,52329,95],{"class":51},[37,52331,1215],{"class":102},[37,52333,65],{"class":51},[37,52335,9289],{"class":756},[37,52337,106],{"class":51},[20,52339,52340],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52342,52343],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[28,52345,52347],{"className":30,"code":52346,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52348,52349,52361,52365,52379],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52350,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52352,1194],{"class":43},[37,52354,48],{"class":47},[37,52356,68],{"class":55},[37,52358,3970],{"class":59},[37,52360,3484],{"class":55},[37,52362,52363],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52364,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,52366,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,52368,1484],{"class":1483},[37,52370,21691],{"class":43},[37,52372,12306],{"class":47},[37,52374,8218],{"class":47},[37,52376,3978],{"class":3977},[37,52378,1501],{"class":51},[37,52380,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,52382,1506],{"class":91},[37,52384,95],{"class":51},[37,52386,17],{"class":91},[37,52388,95],{"class":51},[37,52390,1215],{"class":102},[37,52392,106],{"class":51},[20,52394,52395,52396,292],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[285,52397,8560],{"href":2432},[130,52399,1854],{"id":1853},[20,52401,23201,52402,3013],{},[15,52403,25],{},[135,52405,52406,52414,52422,52430,52436],{},[138,52407,1872,52408,52410,52411],{},[15,52409,25],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52412,52413],{},"len(5)",[138,52415,1872,52416,52418,52419],{},[15,52417,25],{}," on a float like ",[15,52420,52421],{},"len(3.14)",[138,52423,1872,52424,52426,52427,52429],{},[15,52425,25],{}," on ",[15,52428,3904],{}," after a function returns nothing",[138,52431,4699,52432,52435],{},[15,52433,52434],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[138,52437,52438],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52440,52441],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[28,52443,52445],{"className":30,"code":52444,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52446,52447,52483],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52448,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52450,13314],{"class":43},[37,52452,48],{"class":47},[37,52454,10605],{"class":51},[37,52456,56],{"class":55},[37,52458,7790],{"class":59},[37,52460,56],{"class":55},[37,52462,3013],{"class":51},[37,52464,68],{"class":55},[37,52466,1646],{"class":59},[37,52468,56],{"class":55},[37,52470,65],{"class":51},[37,52472,68],{"class":55},[37,52474,9415],{"class":59},[37,52476,56],{"class":55},[37,52478,3013],{"class":51},[37,52480,219],{"class":122},[37,52482,9424],{"class":51},[37,52484,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52486,92],{"class":91},[37,52488,95],{"class":51},[37,52490,17],{"class":91},[37,52492,95],{"class":51},[37,52494,17416],{"class":102},[37,52496,5482],{"class":51},[37,52498,51506],{"class":3788},[20,52500,37697,52501,52503,52504,851,52506,292],{},[15,52502,508],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52505,15348],{},[15,52507,52508],{},"\"age\"",[20,52510,52511],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[28,52513,52515],{"className":30,"code":52514,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52516,52517,52530],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52518,52519,52521,52523,52525,52528],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52520,34795],{"class":43},[37,52522,48],{"class":47},[37,52524,68],{"class":55},[37,52526,52527],{"class":59},"a b",[37,52529,3484],{"class":55},[37,52531,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52533,92],{"class":91},[37,52535,95],{"class":51},[37,52537,17],{"class":91},[37,52539,95],{"class":51},[37,52541,34816],{"class":102},[37,52543,5482],{"class":51},[37,52545,50864],{"class":3788},[20,52547,52548],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[130,52550,1969],{"id":1968},[307,52552,52554],{"id":52553},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52556,52557],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[307,52559,52561],{"id":52560},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52563,52564],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[307,52566,52568],{"id":52567},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52570,52571],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[307,52573,52575],{"id":52574},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52577,52578,52579,52581,52582,3006,52584,52586,52587,292],{},"No. Using ",[15,52580,25],{}," on an ",[15,52583,818],{},[15,52585,2324],{}," raises a ",[15,52588,3133],{},[307,52590,52592],{"id":52591},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52594,7885,52595,292],{},[15,52596,52597],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52599,197],{},[28,52601,52603],{"className":30,"code":52602,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52604,52605,52613,52617,52635],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52606,52607,52609,52611],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52608,8426],{"class":43},[37,52610,48],{"class":47},[37,52612,7958],{"class":51},[37,52614,52615],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52616,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,52618,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,52620,1484],{"class":1483},[37,52622,241],{"class":91},[37,52624,95],{"class":51},[37,52626,8457],{"class":102},[37,52628,18],{"class":51},[37,52630,1495],{"class":47},[37,52632,1498],{"class":122},[37,52634,1501],{"class":51},[37,52636,52637,52639,52641,52643,52646,52648],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,52638,1506],{"class":91},[37,52640,95],{"class":51},[37,52642,56],{"class":55},[37,52644,52645],{"class":59},"Empty list",[37,52647,56],{"class":55},[37,52649,85],{"class":51},[20,52651,52652,52653,52655,52656,52658,52659,52661],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52654,3799],{}," in an ",[15,52657,1484],{}," statement, but ",[15,52660,25],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[130,52663,2025],{"id":2024},[135,52665,52666,52670,52674,52678,52683,52687,52693],{},[138,52667,52668],{},[285,52669,51069],{"href":51068},[138,52671,52672],{},[285,52673,51073],{"href":51072},[138,52675,52676],{},[285,52677,9275],{"href":9274},[138,52679,52680],{},[285,52681,52682],{"href":51637},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[138,52684,52685],{},[285,52686,8560],{"href":2432},[138,52688,52689],{},[285,52690,52692],{"href":52691},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[138,52694,52695],{},[285,52696,52697],{"href":52228},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2052,52699,52700],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":52702},[52703,52704,52705,52706,52707,52708,52709,52715,52716,52717,52718,52725],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":50872,"depth":88,"text":50873},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":51216,"depth":88,"text":51217},{"id":51403,"depth":88,"text":51404},{"id":51641,"depth":88,"text":51642},{"id":41146,"depth":88,"text":41147,"children":52710},[52711,52712,52713,52714],{"id":51860,"depth":251,"text":51861},{"id":51914,"depth":251,"text":51915},{"id":51965,"depth":251,"text":51966},{"id":52046,"depth":251,"text":52047},{"id":52118,"depth":88,"text":52119},{"id":52232,"depth":88,"text":52233},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":52719},[52720,52721,52722,52723,52724],{"id":52553,"depth":251,"text":52554},{"id":52560,"depth":251,"text":52561},{"id":52567,"depth":251,"text":52568},{"id":52574,"depth":251,"text":52575},{"id":52591,"depth":251,"text":52592},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50755,"description":52726},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52733,"title":52734,"body":52735,"description":54419,"extension":2099,"meta":54420,"navigation":254,"path":54421,"seo":54422,"stem":54423,"__hash__":54424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52736,"toc":54392},[52737,52740,52754,52760,52762,52816,52821,52825,52841,52844,52858,52864,52866,52869,52888,52904,52906,52982,52984,53021,53032,53034,53037,53098,53100,53133,53136,53142,53146,53149,53274,53276,53335,53343,53396,53398,53425,53431,53441,53445,53448,53453,53505,53507,53533,53539,53593,53595,53620,53623,53647,53653,53655,53659,53661,53718,53720,53728,53730,53752,53754,53807,53809,53833,53837,53839,53878,53880,53888,53894,53898,53950,53952,53978,53986,53990,53995,54004,54006,54072,54074,54106,54110,54115,54117,54131,54134,54206,54208,54234,54236,54240,54247,54251,54258,54262,54265,54267,54320,54322,54348,54352,54361,54363,54389],[10,52738,52734],{"id":52739},"python-list-append-method",[20,52741,1531,52742,52745,52746,52749,52750,52753],{},[15,52743,52744],{},"append()"," method adds ",[110,52747,52748],{},"one item"," to the ",[110,52751,52752],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52755,52756,52757,52759],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[110,52758,711],{}," create a new list.",[130,52761,3734],{"id":3733},[28,52763,52765],{"className":30,"code":52764,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52766,52767,52787,52801,52811],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52768,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52770,207],{"class":43},[37,52772,48],{"class":47},[37,52774,519],{"class":51},[37,52776,501],{"class":122},[37,52778,65],{"class":51},[37,52780,890],{"class":122},[37,52782,65],{"class":51},[37,52784,513],{"class":122},[37,52786,3760],{"class":51},[37,52788,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52790,246],{"class":43},[37,52792,292],{"class":51},[37,52794,13662],{"class":102},[37,52796,95],{"class":51},[37,52798,522],{"class":122},[37,52800,85],{"class":51},[37,52802,52803,52805,52807,52809],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,52804,92],{"class":91},[37,52806,95],{"class":51},[37,52808,246],{"class":102},[37,52810,85],{"class":51},[37,52812,52813],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,52814,52815],{"class":3788},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52817,22,52818,52820],{},[15,52819,52744],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[130,52822,52824],{"id":52823},"what-append-does","What append() does",[135,52826,52827,52832,52835,52838],{},[138,52828,52829,52831],{},[15,52830,52744],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[138,52833,52834],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[138,52836,52837],{},"It does not create a new list",[138,52839,52840],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52842,52843],{},"This means you can append:",[135,52845,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856],{},[138,52847,246],{},[138,52849,5430],{},[138,52851,40695],{},[138,52853,5421],{},[138,52855,7372],{},[138,52857,34769],{},[20,52859,52860,52861,292],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[285,52862,52863],{"href":51072},"Python lists explained for beginners",[130,52865,5552],{"id":5551},[20,52867,52868],{},"Basic form:",[28,52870,52872],{"className":30,"code":52871,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52873,52874],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52877,8457],{"class":43},[37,52879,292],{"class":51},[37,52881,13662],{"class":102},[37,52883,95],{"class":51},[37,52885,23417],{"class":102},[37,52887,85],{"class":51},[135,52889,52890,52895,52900],{},[138,52891,52892,52894],{},[15,52893,8457],{}," is the list you want to change",[138,52896,52897,52899],{},[15,52898,23417],{}," is the value or object to add",[138,52901,12023,52902],{},[15,52903,3904],{},[20,52905,197],{},[28,52907,52909],{"className":30,"code":52908,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52910,52911,52935,52958,52962,52972],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52914,320],{"class":43},[37,52916,48],{"class":47},[37,52918,519],{"class":51},[37,52920,56],{"class":55},[37,52922,329],{"class":59},[37,52924,56],{"class":55},[37,52926,65],{"class":51},[37,52928,68],{"class":55},[37,52930,338],{"class":59},[37,52932,56],{"class":55},[37,52934,3760],{"class":51},[37,52936,52937,52939,52941,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,52938,2362],{"class":43},[37,52940,48],{"class":47},[37,52942,52943],{"class":43}," fruits",[37,52945,292],{"class":51},[37,52947,13662],{"class":102},[37,52949,95],{"class":51},[37,52951,56],{"class":55},[37,52953,347],{"class":59},[37,52955,56],{"class":55},[37,52957,85],{"class":51},[37,52959,52960],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,52961,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,52963,52964,52966,52968,52970],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,52965,92],{"class":91},[37,52967,95],{"class":51},[37,52969,364],{"class":102},[37,52971,85],{"class":51},[37,52973,52974,52976,52978,52980],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,52975,92],{"class":91},[37,52977,95],{"class":51},[37,52979,2397],{"class":102},[37,52981,85],{"class":51},[20,52983,112],{},[28,52985,52987],{"className":30,"code":52986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52988,52989,53017],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,52992,1067],{"class":51},[37,52994,821],{"class":55},[37,52996,329],{"class":59},[37,52998,821],{"class":55},[37,53000,65],{"class":51},[37,53002,815],{"class":55},[37,53004,338],{"class":59},[37,53006,821],{"class":55},[37,53008,65],{"class":51},[37,53010,815],{"class":55},[37,53012,347],{"class":59},[37,53014,821],{"class":55},[37,53016,3760],{"class":51},[37,53018,53019],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53020,11920],{"class":3977},[20,53022,53023,53024,53026,53027,53029,53030,292],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53025,52744],{}," updates ",[15,53028,364],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53031,3904],{},[130,53033,11590],{"id":11589},[20,53035,53036],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[28,53038,53040],{"className":30,"code":53039,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53041,53042,53066,53084,53088],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53043,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53045,44],{"class":43},[37,53047,48],{"class":47},[37,53049,519],{"class":51},[37,53051,56],{"class":55},[37,53053,60],{"class":59},[37,53055,56],{"class":55},[37,53057,65],{"class":51},[37,53059,68],{"class":55},[37,53061,80],{"class":59},[37,53063,56],{"class":55},[37,53065,3760],{"class":51},[37,53067,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53069,103],{"class":43},[37,53071,292],{"class":51},[37,53073,13662],{"class":102},[37,53075,95],{"class":51},[37,53077,56],{"class":55},[37,53079,71],{"class":59},[37,53081,56],{"class":55},[37,53083,85],{"class":51},[37,53085,53086],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53087,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53089,53090,53092,53094,53096],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53091,92],{"class":91},[37,53093,95],{"class":51},[37,53095,103],{"class":102},[37,53097,85],{"class":51},[20,53099,112],{},[28,53101,53103],{"className":30,"code":53102,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53104,53105],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53106,53107,53109,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53108,1067],{"class":51},[37,53110,821],{"class":55},[37,53112,60],{"class":59},[37,53114,821],{"class":55},[37,53116,65],{"class":51},[37,53118,815],{"class":55},[37,53120,80],{"class":59},[37,53122,821],{"class":55},[37,53124,65],{"class":51},[37,53126,815],{"class":55},[37,53128,71],{"class":59},[37,53130,821],{"class":55},[37,53132,3760],{"class":51},[20,53134,53135],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53137,31191,53138,292],{},[285,53139,53141],{"href":53140},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[130,53143,53145],{"id":53144},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53147,53148],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[28,53150,53152],{"className":30,"code":53151,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53153,53154,53162,53166,53180,53198,53212,53238,53260,53264],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53155,53156,53158,53160],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53157,670],{"class":43},[37,53159,48],{"class":47},[37,53161,7958],{"class":51},[37,53163,53164],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53165,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53167,53168,53170,53172,53174,53176,53178],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53169,687],{"class":43},[37,53171,292],{"class":51},[37,53173,13662],{"class":102},[37,53175,95],{"class":51},[37,53177,214],{"class":122},[37,53179,85],{"class":51},[37,53181,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53183,687],{"class":43},[37,53185,292],{"class":51},[37,53187,13662],{"class":102},[37,53189,95],{"class":51},[37,53191,56],{"class":55},[37,53193,3970],{"class":59},[37,53195,56],{"class":55},[37,53197,85],{"class":51},[37,53199,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,53201,687],{"class":43},[37,53203,292],{"class":51},[37,53205,13662],{"class":102},[37,53207,95],{"class":51},[37,53209,3729],{"class":3977},[37,53211,85],{"class":51},[37,53213,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,53215,687],{"class":43},[37,53217,292],{"class":51},[37,53219,13662],{"class":102},[37,53221,5651],{"class":51},[37,53223,56],{"class":55},[37,53225,7790],{"class":59},[37,53227,56],{"class":55},[37,53229,3013],{"class":51},[37,53231,68],{"class":55},[37,53233,7799],{"class":59},[37,53235,56],{"class":55},[37,53237,30604],{"class":51},[37,53239,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,53241,687],{"class":43},[37,53243,292],{"class":51},[37,53245,13662],{"class":102},[37,53247,3115],{"class":51},[37,53249,501],{"class":122},[37,53251,65],{"class":51},[37,53253,890],{"class":122},[37,53255,65],{"class":51},[37,53257,513],{"class":122},[37,53259,530],{"class":51},[37,53261,53262],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,53263,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53265,53266,53268,53270,53272],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,53267,92],{"class":91},[37,53269,95],{"class":51},[37,53271,687],{"class":102},[37,53273,85],{"class":51},[20,53275,112],{},[28,53277,53279],{"className":30,"code":53278,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53280,53281],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53282,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53320,53322,53324,53326,53328,53330,53332],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53284,1067],{"class":51},[37,53286,214],{"class":122},[37,53288,65],{"class":51},[37,53290,815],{"class":55},[37,53292,3970],{"class":59},[37,53294,821],{"class":55},[37,53296,65],{"class":51},[37,53298,4039],{"class":3977},[37,53300,65],{"class":51},[37,53302,10605],{"class":51},[37,53304,821],{"class":55},[37,53306,7790],{"class":59},[37,53308,821],{"class":55},[37,53310,3013],{"class":51},[37,53312,815],{"class":55},[37,53314,7799],{"class":59},[37,53316,821],{"class":55},[37,53318,53319],{"class":51},"},",[37,53321,519],{"class":51},[37,53323,501],{"class":122},[37,53325,65],{"class":51},[37,53327,890],{"class":122},[37,53329,65],{"class":51},[37,53331,513],{"class":122},[37,53333,53334],{"class":51},"]]\n",[20,53336,53337,53338,42255,53340,292],{},"A list added with ",[15,53339,52744],{},[110,53341,53342],{},"one single item",[28,53344,53346],{"className":30,"code":53345,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53347,53348,53364,53382,53386],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53351,207],{"class":43},[37,53353,48],{"class":47},[37,53355,519],{"class":51},[37,53357,501],{"class":122},[37,53359,65],{"class":51},[37,53361,890],{"class":122},[37,53363,3760],{"class":51},[37,53365,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53367,246],{"class":43},[37,53369,292],{"class":51},[37,53371,13662],{"class":102},[37,53373,3115],{"class":51},[37,53375,1129],{"class":122},[37,53377,65],{"class":51},[37,53379,1134],{"class":122},[37,53381,530],{"class":51},[37,53383,53384],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53385,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53387,53388,53390,53392,53394],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53389,92],{"class":91},[37,53391,95],{"class":51},[37,53393,246],{"class":102},[37,53395,85],{"class":51},[20,53397,112],{},[28,53399,53401],{"className":30,"code":53400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53402,53403],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53404,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53406,1067],{"class":51},[37,53408,501],{"class":122},[37,53410,65],{"class":51},[37,53412,890],{"class":122},[37,53414,65],{"class":51},[37,53416,519],{"class":51},[37,53418,1129],{"class":122},[37,53420,65],{"class":51},[37,53422,1134],{"class":122},[37,53424,53334],{"class":51},[20,53426,2419,53427,53430],{},[15,53428,53429],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53432,53433,53434,53440],{},"This is different from ",[285,53435,53437],{"href":53436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53438,53439],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[130,53442,53444],{"id":53443},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53446,53447],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[307,53449,1872,53451],{"id":53450},"using-append",[15,53452,52744],{},[28,53454,53455],{"className":30,"code":53345,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53456,53457,53473,53491,53495],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53458,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53460,207],{"class":43},[37,53462,48],{"class":47},[37,53464,519],{"class":51},[37,53466,501],{"class":122},[37,53468,65],{"class":51},[37,53470,890],{"class":122},[37,53472,3760],{"class":51},[37,53474,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53476,246],{"class":43},[37,53478,292],{"class":51},[37,53480,13662],{"class":102},[37,53482,3115],{"class":51},[37,53484,1129],{"class":122},[37,53486,65],{"class":51},[37,53488,1134],{"class":122},[37,53490,530],{"class":51},[37,53492,53493],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53494,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53498,92],{"class":91},[37,53500,95],{"class":51},[37,53502,246],{"class":102},[37,53504,85],{"class":51},[20,53506,112],{},[28,53508,53509],{"className":30,"code":53400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53510,53511],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53512,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53514,1067],{"class":51},[37,53516,501],{"class":122},[37,53518,65],{"class":51},[37,53520,890],{"class":122},[37,53522,65],{"class":51},[37,53524,519],{"class":51},[37,53526,1129],{"class":122},[37,53528,65],{"class":51},[37,53530,1134],{"class":122},[37,53532,53334],{"class":51},[307,53534,1872,53536],{"id":53535},"using-extend",[15,53537,53538],{},"extend()",[28,53540,53542],{"className":30,"code":53541,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53543,53544,53560,53579,53583],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53545,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53547,207],{"class":43},[37,53549,48],{"class":47},[37,53551,519],{"class":51},[37,53553,501],{"class":122},[37,53555,65],{"class":51},[37,53557,890],{"class":122},[37,53559,3760],{"class":51},[37,53561,53562,53564,53566,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53563,246],{"class":43},[37,53565,292],{"class":51},[37,53567,53568],{"class":102},"extend",[37,53570,3115],{"class":51},[37,53572,1129],{"class":122},[37,53574,65],{"class":51},[37,53576,1134],{"class":122},[37,53578,530],{"class":51},[37,53580,53581],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53582,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53584,53585,53587,53589,53591],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53586,92],{"class":91},[37,53588,95],{"class":51},[37,53590,246],{"class":102},[37,53592,85],{"class":51},[20,53594,112],{},[28,53596,53598],{"className":30,"code":53597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53599,53600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53601,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53603,1067],{"class":51},[37,53605,501],{"class":122},[37,53607,65],{"class":51},[37,53609,890],{"class":122},[37,53611,65],{"class":51},[37,53613,513],{"class":122},[37,53615,65],{"class":51},[37,53617,1134],{"class":122},[37,53619,3760],{"class":51},[20,53621,53622],{},"The difference:",[135,53624,53625,53631,53637,53642],{},[138,53626,53627,53630],{},[15,53628,53629],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[138,53632,53633,53636],{},[15,53634,53635],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[138,53638,22,53639,53641],{},[15,53640,52744],{}," for one item",[138,53643,22,53644,53646],{},[15,53645,53538],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53648,53649,53650,292],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[285,53651,53652],{"href":53436},"Python list extend() method",[130,53654,155],{"id":4638},[307,53656,53658],{"id":53657},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53660,1184],{},[28,53662,53664],{"className":30,"code":53663,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53665,53666,53686,53704,53708],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53667,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682,53684],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53669,670],{"class":43},[37,53671,48],{"class":47},[37,53673,519],{"class":51},[37,53675,501],{"class":122},[37,53677,65],{"class":51},[37,53679,890],{"class":122},[37,53681,65],{"class":51},[37,53683,513],{"class":122},[37,53685,3760],{"class":51},[37,53687,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700,53702],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53689,670],{"class":43},[37,53691,48],{"class":47},[37,53693,6087],{"class":43},[37,53695,292],{"class":51},[37,53697,13662],{"class":102},[37,53699,95],{"class":51},[37,53701,522],{"class":122},[37,53703,85],{"class":51},[37,53705,53706],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53707,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53709,53710,53712,53714,53716],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53711,92],{"class":91},[37,53713,95],{"class":51},[37,53715,687],{"class":102},[37,53717,85],{"class":51},[20,53719,112],{},[28,53721,53722],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53723,53724],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53725,53726],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53727,11920],{"class":3977},[20,53729,12012],{},[135,53731,53732,53737,53743],{},[138,53733,53734,53736],{},[15,53735,52744],{}," changes the list in place",[138,53738,53739,2530,53741],{},[15,53740,52744],{},[15,53742,3904],{},[138,53744,53745,53746,53749,53750],{},"So ",[15,53747,53748],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53751,3904],{},[20,53753,10923],{},[28,53755,53757],{"className":30,"code":53756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53758,53759,53779,53793,53797],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53760,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53762,670],{"class":43},[37,53764,48],{"class":47},[37,53766,519],{"class":51},[37,53768,501],{"class":122},[37,53770,65],{"class":51},[37,53772,890],{"class":122},[37,53774,65],{"class":51},[37,53776,513],{"class":122},[37,53778,3760],{"class":51},[37,53780,53781,53783,53785,53787,53789,53791],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53782,687],{"class":43},[37,53784,292],{"class":51},[37,53786,13662],{"class":102},[37,53788,95],{"class":51},[37,53790,522],{"class":122},[37,53792,85],{"class":51},[37,53794,53795],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53796,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53798,53799,53801,53803,53805],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53800,92],{"class":91},[37,53802,95],{"class":51},[37,53804,687],{"class":102},[37,53806,85],{"class":51},[20,53808,112],{},[28,53810,53811],{"className":30,"code":53597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53812,53813],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53814,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53816,1067],{"class":51},[37,53818,501],{"class":122},[37,53820,65],{"class":51},[37,53822,890],{"class":122},[37,53824,65],{"class":51},[37,53826,513],{"class":122},[37,53828,65],{"class":51},[37,53830,1134],{"class":122},[37,53832,3760],{"class":51},[307,53834,53836],{"id":53835},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53838,19021],{},[28,53840,53842],{"className":30,"code":53841,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53843,53844,53868],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53845,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53847,31991],{"class":43},[37,53849,48],{"class":47},[37,53851,519],{"class":51},[37,53853,501],{"class":122},[37,53855,65],{"class":51},[37,53857,890],{"class":122},[37,53859,13659],{"class":51},[37,53861,13662],{"class":102},[37,53863,95],{"class":51},[37,53865,1129],{"class":122},[37,53867,85],{"class":51},[37,53869,53870,53872,53874,53876],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53871,92],{"class":91},[37,53873,95],{"class":51},[37,53875,32010],{"class":102},[37,53877,85],{"class":51},[20,53879,112],{},[28,53881,53882],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53883,53884],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53885,53886],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53887,11920],{"class":3977},[20,53889,53890,53891,53893],{},"Remember: ",[15,53892,52744],{}," updates the list you already have.",[307,53895,53897],{"id":53896},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[28,53899,53900],{"className":30,"code":53345,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53901,53902,53918,53936,53940],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53903,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53905,207],{"class":43},[37,53907,48],{"class":47},[37,53909,519],{"class":51},[37,53911,501],{"class":122},[37,53913,65],{"class":51},[37,53915,890],{"class":122},[37,53917,3760],{"class":51},[37,53919,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,53921,246],{"class":43},[37,53923,292],{"class":51},[37,53925,13662],{"class":102},[37,53927,3115],{"class":51},[37,53929,1129],{"class":122},[37,53931,65],{"class":51},[37,53933,1134],{"class":122},[37,53935,530],{"class":51},[37,53937,53938],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,53939,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,53941,53942,53944,53946,53948],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,53943,92],{"class":91},[37,53945,95],{"class":51},[37,53947,246],{"class":102},[37,53949,85],{"class":51},[20,53951,112],{},[28,53953,53954],{"className":30,"code":53400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,53955,53956],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,53957,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,53959,1067],{"class":51},[37,53961,501],{"class":122},[37,53963,65],{"class":51},[37,53965,890],{"class":122},[37,53967,65],{"class":51},[37,53969,519],{"class":51},[37,53971,1129],{"class":122},[37,53973,65],{"class":51},[37,53975,1134],{"class":122},[37,53977,53334],{"class":51},[20,53979,3298,53980,53983,53984,6752],{},[15,53981,53982],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53985,53538],{},[307,53987,53989],{"id":53988},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53991,53992,53994],{},[15,53993,52744],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53996,53997,53998,292],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[285,53999,54001],{"href":54000},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54002,54003],{},"list.insert()",[20,54005,197],{},[28,54007,54009],{"className":30,"code":54008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54010,54011,54035,54058,54062],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54012,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54014,1729],{"class":43},[37,54016,48],{"class":47},[37,54018,519],{"class":51},[37,54020,56],{"class":55},[37,54022,285],{"class":59},[37,54024,56],{"class":55},[37,54026,65],{"class":51},[37,54028,68],{"class":55},[37,54030,1754],{"class":59},[37,54032,56],{"class":55},[37,54034,3760],{"class":51},[37,54036,54037,54039,54041,54044,54046,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54038,1785],{"class":43},[37,54040,292],{"class":51},[37,54042,54043],{"class":102},"insert",[37,54045,95],{"class":51},[37,54047,501],{"class":122},[37,54049,65],{"class":51},[37,54051,68],{"class":55},[37,54053,777],{"class":59},[37,54055,56],{"class":55},[37,54057,85],{"class":51},[37,54059,54060],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54061,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54063,54064,54066,54068,54070],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54065,92],{"class":91},[37,54067,95],{"class":51},[37,54069,1785],{"class":102},[37,54071,85],{"class":51},[20,54073,112],{},[28,54075,54076],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,54077,54078],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54079,54080,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54081,1067],{"class":51},[37,54083,821],{"class":55},[37,54085,285],{"class":59},[37,54087,821],{"class":55},[37,54089,65],{"class":51},[37,54091,815],{"class":55},[37,54093,777],{"class":59},[37,54095,821],{"class":55},[37,54097,65],{"class":51},[37,54099,815],{"class":55},[37,54101,1754],{"class":59},[37,54103,821],{"class":55},[37,54105,3760],{"class":51},[130,54107,54109],{"id":54108},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54111,54112,54114],{},[15,54113,52744],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54116,36527],{},[135,54118,54119,54122,54125,54128],{},[138,54120,54121],{},"building a list in a loop",[138,54123,54124],{},"collecting user input",[138,54126,54127],{},"storing results step by step",[138,54129,54130],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54132,54133],{},"Example with a loop:",[28,54135,54137],{"className":30,"code":54136,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54138,54139,54148,54152,54172,54191,54195],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54140,54141,54144,54146],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54142,54143],{"class":43},"squares ",[37,54145,48],{"class":47},[37,54147,7958],{"class":51},[37,54149,54150],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54151,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54153,54154,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54155,1767],{"class":1483},[37,54157,6508],{"class":43},[37,54159,1773],{"class":1483},[37,54161,1776],{"class":91},[37,54163,95],{"class":51},[37,54165,501],{"class":122},[37,54167,65],{"class":51},[37,54169,527],{"class":122},[37,54171,8460],{"class":51},[37,54173,54174,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187,54189],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54175,54176],{"class":43},"    squares",[37,54178,292],{"class":51},[37,54180,13662],{"class":102},[37,54182,95],{"class":51},[37,54184,2349],{"class":102},[37,54186,39973],{"class":47},[37,54188,2329],{"class":102},[37,54190,85],{"class":51},[37,54192,54193],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,54194,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54196,54197,54199,54201,54204],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,54198,92],{"class":91},[37,54200,95],{"class":51},[37,54202,54203],{"class":102},"squares",[37,54205,85],{"class":51},[20,54207,112],{},[28,54209,54211],{"className":30,"code":54210,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54212,54213],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54214,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54228,54230,54232],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54216,1067],{"class":51},[37,54218,501],{"class":122},[37,54220,65],{"class":51},[37,54222,1134],{"class":122},[37,54224,65],{"class":51},[37,54226,54227],{"class":122}," 9",[37,54229,65],{"class":51},[37,54231,14097],{"class":122},[37,54233,3760],{"class":51},[130,54235,1969],{"id":1968},[307,54237,54239],{"id":54238},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54241,1989,54242,54244,54245,292],{},[15,54243,52744],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54246,3904],{},[307,54248,54250],{"id":54249},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54252,54253,54254,292],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[285,54255,54256],{"href":53436},[15,54257,53538],{},[307,54259,54261],{"id":54260},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54263,54264],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54266,197],{},[28,54268,54270],{"className":30,"code":54269,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54271,54272,54288,54306,54310],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54273,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54275,494],{"class":43},[37,54277,48],{"class":47},[37,54279,519],{"class":51},[37,54281,501],{"class":122},[37,54283,65],{"class":51},[37,54285,890],{"class":122},[37,54287,3760],{"class":51},[37,54289,54290,54292,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54291,543],{"class":43},[37,54293,292],{"class":51},[37,54295,13662],{"class":102},[37,54297,3115],{"class":51},[37,54299,1129],{"class":122},[37,54301,65],{"class":51},[37,54303,1134],{"class":122},[37,54305,530],{"class":51},[37,54307,54308],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54309,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54311,54312,54314,54316,54318],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54313,92],{"class":91},[37,54315,95],{"class":51},[37,54317,543],{"class":102},[37,54319,85],{"class":51},[20,54321,112],{},[28,54323,54324],{"className":30,"code":53400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,54325,54326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54327,54328,54330,54332,54334,54336,54338,54340,54342,54344,54346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54329,1067],{"class":51},[37,54331,501],{"class":122},[37,54333,65],{"class":51},[37,54335,890],{"class":122},[37,54337,65],{"class":51},[37,54339,519],{"class":51},[37,54341,1129],{"class":122},[37,54343,65],{"class":51},[37,54345,1134],{"class":122},[37,54347,53334],{"class":51},[307,54349,54351],{"id":54350},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54353,54354,54356,54357,54360],{},[15,54355,52744],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54358,54359],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[130,54362,2025],{"id":2024},[135,54364,54365,54370,54374,54379,54383],{},[138,54366,54367],{},[285,54368,54369],{"href":53140},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[138,54371,54372],{},[285,54373,53652],{"href":53436},[138,54375,54376],{},[285,54377,54378],{"href":54000},"Python list insert() method",[138,54380,54381],{},[285,54382,52863],{"href":51072},[138,54384,54385],{},[285,54386,54388],{"href":54387},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2052,54390,54391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":54393},[54394,54395,54396,54397,54398,54399,54405,54411,54412,54418],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":52823,"depth":88,"text":52824},{"id":5551,"depth":88,"text":5552},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":53144,"depth":88,"text":53145},{"id":53443,"depth":88,"text":53444,"children":54400},[54401,54403],{"id":53450,"depth":251,"text":54402},"Using append()",{"id":53535,"depth":251,"text":54404},"Using extend()",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":54406},[54407,54408,54409,54410],{"id":53657,"depth":251,"text":53658},{"id":53835,"depth":251,"text":53836},{"id":53896,"depth":251,"text":53897},{"id":53988,"depth":251,"text":53989},{"id":54108,"depth":88,"text":54109},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":54413},[54414,54415,54416,54417],{"id":54238,"depth":251,"text":54239},{"id":54249,"depth":251,"text":54250},{"id":54260,"depth":251,"text":54261},{"id":54350,"depth":251,"text":54351},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52734,"description":54419},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54426,"title":54427,"body":54428,"description":55672,"extension":2099,"meta":55673,"navigation":254,"path":55674,"seo":55675,"stem":55676,"__hash__":55677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54429,"toc":55637},[54430,54436,54442,54448,54450,54498,54503,54508,54512,54528,54534,54536,54539,54554,54556,54567,54569,54571,54628,54630,54638,54640,54656,54662,54664,54670,54674,54758,54761,54810,54817,54825,54828,54842,54855,54861,54936,54943,54950,55024,55032,55035,55046,55055,55059,55063,55074,55076,55153,55174,55176,55186,55189,55237,55239,55260,55263,55265,55316,55322,55329,55396,55402,55408,55411,55438,55443,55449,55452,55524,55527,55538,55544,55546,55552,55555,55561,55567,55574,55582,55588,55594,55596,55634],[10,54431,54433,54434,11437],{"id":54432},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54435,11436],{},[20,54437,54438,54441],{},[15,54439,54440],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54443,54444,54445,54447],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[110,54446,11449],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[130,54449,3734],{"id":3733},[28,54451,54453],{"className":30,"code":54452,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54454,54455,54475,54485],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54456,54457,54459,54461,54463,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54458,670],{"class":43},[37,54460,48],{"class":47},[37,54462,519],{"class":51},[37,54464,501],{"class":122},[37,54466,65],{"class":51},[37,54468,890],{"class":122},[37,54470,65],{"class":51},[37,54472,513],{"class":122},[37,54474,3760],{"class":51},[37,54476,54477,54479,54481,54483],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54478,687],{"class":43},[37,54480,292],{"class":51},[37,54482,11498],{"class":102},[37,54484,8761],{"class":51},[37,54486,54487,54489,54491,54493,54495],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54488,92],{"class":91},[37,54490,95],{"class":51},[37,54492,687],{"class":102},[37,54494,18],{"class":51},[37,54496,54497],{"class":3788},"  # []\n",[20,54499,22,54500,54502],{},[15,54501,11436],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[130,54504,296,54506,3805],{"id":54505},"what-listclear-does",[15,54507,54440],{},[20,54509,54510,3013],{},[15,54511,54440],{},[135,54513,54514,54517,54520,54525],{},[138,54515,54516],{},"Removes every item from a list",[138,54518,54519],{},"Changes the original list in place",[138,54521,54522,54523],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54524,3913],{},[138,54526,54527],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54529,54530,54531,54533],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54532,11436],{},", but it contains no values.",[130,54535,159],{"id":158},[20,54537,54538],{},"Syntax:",[28,54540,54542],{"className":30,"code":54541,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54543,54544],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54545,54546,54548,54550,54552],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54547,8457],{"class":43},[37,54549,292],{"class":51},[37,54551,11498],{"class":102},[37,54553,8761],{"class":51},[20,54555,181],{},[135,54557,54558,54561,54564],{},[138,54559,54560],{},"Call it on a list object",[138,54562,54563],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[138,54565,54566],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[130,54568,11590],{"id":11589},[20,54570,11593],{},[28,54572,54574],{"className":30,"code":54573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54575,54576,54600,54604,54614,54618],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54577,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54579,207],{"class":43},[37,54581,48],{"class":47},[37,54583,519],{"class":51},[37,54585,214],{"class":122},[37,54587,65],{"class":51},[37,54589,219],{"class":122},[37,54591,65],{"class":51},[37,54593,224],{"class":122},[37,54595,65],{"class":51},[37,54597,229],{"class":122},[37,54599,3760],{"class":51},[37,54601,54602],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54603,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54605,54606,54608,54610,54612],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54607,246],{"class":43},[37,54609,292],{"class":51},[37,54611,11498],{"class":102},[37,54613,8761],{"class":51},[37,54615,54616],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54617,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54619,54620,54622,54624,54626],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,54621,92],{"class":91},[37,54623,95],{"class":51},[37,54625,246],{"class":102},[37,54627,85],{"class":51},[20,54629,112],{},[28,54631,54632],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,54633,54634],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54635,54636],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54637,38399],{"class":51},[20,54639,11797],{},[135,54641,54642,54647,54653],{},[138,54643,54644,54646],{},[15,54645,246],{}," starts with four items",[138,54648,54649,54652],{},[15,54650,54651],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[138,54654,54655],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54657,54658,54659,292],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[285,54660,52863],{"href":54661},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[130,54663,17528],{"id":17527},[20,54665,54666,2530,54668,292],{},[15,54667,11436],{},[15,54669,3904],{},[20,54671,41007,54672,52759],{},[110,54673,711],{},[28,54675,54677],{"className":30,"code":54676,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54678,54679,54711,54715,54729,54733,54746],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54680,54681,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54682,670],{"class":43},[37,54684,48],{"class":47},[37,54686,519],{"class":51},[37,54688,56],{"class":55},[37,54690,285],{"class":59},[37,54692,56],{"class":55},[37,54694,65],{"class":51},[37,54696,68],{"class":55},[37,54698,777],{"class":59},[37,54700,56],{"class":55},[37,54702,65],{"class":51},[37,54704,68],{"class":55},[37,54706,1754],{"class":59},[37,54708,56],{"class":55},[37,54710,3760],{"class":51},[37,54712,54713],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54714,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54716,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725,54727],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54718,2362],{"class":43},[37,54720,48],{"class":47},[37,54722,6087],{"class":43},[37,54724,292],{"class":51},[37,54726,11498],{"class":102},[37,54728,8761],{"class":51},[37,54730,54731],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54732,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54734,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,54736,92],{"class":91},[37,54738,95],{"class":51},[37,54740,687],{"class":102},[37,54742,18],{"class":51},[37,54744,54745],{"class":3788},"   # []\n",[37,54747,54748,54750,54752,54754,54756],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,54749,92],{"class":91},[37,54751,95],{"class":51},[37,54753,2397],{"class":102},[37,54755,18],{"class":51},[37,54757,20982],{"class":3788},[20,54759,54760],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[28,54762,54764],{"className":30,"code":54763,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54765,54766,54786,54800],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54767,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54769,670],{"class":43},[37,54771,48],{"class":47},[37,54773,519],{"class":51},[37,54775,501],{"class":122},[37,54777,65],{"class":51},[37,54779,890],{"class":122},[37,54781,65],{"class":51},[37,54783,513],{"class":122},[37,54785,3760],{"class":51},[37,54787,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54789,670],{"class":43},[37,54791,48],{"class":47},[37,54793,6087],{"class":43},[37,54795,292],{"class":51},[37,54797,11498],{"class":102},[37,54799,8761],{"class":51},[37,54801,54802,54804,54806,54808],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54803,92],{"class":91},[37,54805,95],{"class":51},[37,54807,687],{"class":102},[37,54809,85],{"class":51},[20,54811,12028,54812,42255,54814,54816],{},[15,54813,687],{},[15,54815,3904],{},", not an empty list.",[130,54818,54820,54822,54823],{"id":54819},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54821,11436],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54824,3913],{},[20,54826,54827],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[28,54829,54830],{"className":30,"code":54541,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,54831,54832],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54833,54834,54836,54838,54840],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54835,8457],{"class":43},[37,54837,292],{"class":51},[37,54839,11498],{"class":102},[37,54841,8761],{"class":51},[28,54843,54845],{"className":30,"code":54844,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = []\n",[15,54846,54847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54848,54849,54851,54853],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54850,8426],{"class":43},[37,54852,48],{"class":47},[37,54854,7958],{"class":51},[307,54856,54858,54860],{"id":54857},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54859,11436],{}," empties the same list object",[28,54862,54864],{"className":30,"code":54863,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54865,54866,54886,54894,54898,54908,54912,54924],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54867,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54869,722],{"class":43},[37,54871,48],{"class":47},[37,54873,519],{"class":51},[37,54875,501],{"class":122},[37,54877,65],{"class":51},[37,54879,890],{"class":122},[37,54881,65],{"class":51},[37,54883,513],{"class":122},[37,54885,3760],{"class":51},[37,54887,54888,54890,54892],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54889,735],{"class":43},[37,54891,48],{"class":47},[37,54893,1824],{"class":43},[37,54895,54896],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54897,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54899,54900,54902,54904,54906],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54901,285],{"class":43},[37,54903,292],{"class":51},[37,54905,11498],{"class":102},[37,54907,8761],{"class":51},[37,54909,54910],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,54911,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,54915,92],{"class":91},[37,54917,95],{"class":51},[37,54919,285],{"class":102},[37,54921,18],{"class":51},[37,54923,54497],{"class":3788},[37,54925,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,54927,92],{"class":91},[37,54929,95],{"class":51},[37,54931,777],{"class":102},[37,54933,18],{"class":51},[37,54935,54497],{"class":3788},[20,54937,10705,54938,851,54940,54942],{},[15,54939,285],{},[15,54941,777],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[307,54944,54946,54949],{"id":54945},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54947,54948],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[28,54951,54953],{"className":30,"code":54952,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54954,54955,54975,54983,54987,54995,54999,55011],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,54956,54957,54959,54961,54963,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,54958,722],{"class":43},[37,54960,48],{"class":47},[37,54962,519],{"class":51},[37,54964,501],{"class":122},[37,54966,65],{"class":51},[37,54968,890],{"class":122},[37,54970,65],{"class":51},[37,54972,513],{"class":122},[37,54974,3760],{"class":51},[37,54976,54977,54979,54981],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,54978,735],{"class":43},[37,54980,48],{"class":47},[37,54982,1824],{"class":43},[37,54984,54985],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,54986,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,54988,54989,54991,54993],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,54990,722],{"class":43},[37,54992,48],{"class":47},[37,54994,7958],{"class":51},[37,54996,54997],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,54998,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55000,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,55002,92],{"class":91},[37,55004,95],{"class":51},[37,55006,285],{"class":102},[37,55008,18],{"class":51},[37,55010,54497],{"class":3788},[37,55012,55013,55015,55017,55019,55021],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,55014,92],{"class":91},[37,55016,95],{"class":51},[37,55018,777],{"class":102},[37,55020,18],{"class":51},[37,55022,55023],{"class":3788},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55025,1088,55026,55028,55029,55031],{},[15,55027,285],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55030,777],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55033,55034],{},"This difference matters when:",[135,55036,55037,55040,55043],{},[138,55038,55039],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[138,55041,55042],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[138,55044,55045],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55047,55048,55049,292],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[285,55050,55052,55053,10856],{"href":55051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55054,12889],{},[130,55056,5080,55057],{"id":12550},[15,55058,11436],{},[20,55060,22,55061,6439],{},[15,55062,11436],{},[135,55064,55065,55068,55071],{},[138,55066,55067],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[138,55069,55070],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[138,55072,55073],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55075,197],{},[28,55077,55079],{"className":30,"code":55078,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55080,55081,55117,55121,55126,55137,55141],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55082,55083,55086,55088,55090,55092,55095,55097,55099,55101,55104,55106,55108,55110,55113,55115],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55084,55085],{"class":43},"shopping_cart ",[37,55087,48],{"class":47},[37,55089,519],{"class":51},[37,55091,56],{"class":55},[37,55093,55094],{"class":59},"milk",[37,55096,56],{"class":55},[37,55098,65],{"class":51},[37,55100,68],{"class":55},[37,55102,55103],{"class":59},"bread",[37,55105,56],{"class":55},[37,55107,65],{"class":51},[37,55109,68],{"class":55},[37,55111,55112],{"class":59},"eggs",[37,55114,56],{"class":55},[37,55116,3760],{"class":51},[37,55118,55119],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55120,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55122,55123],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55124,55125],{"class":3788},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[37,55127,55128,55131,55133,55135],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55129,55130],{"class":43},"shopping_cart",[37,55132,292],{"class":51},[37,55134,11498],{"class":102},[37,55136,8761],{"class":51},[37,55138,55139],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,55140,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55142,55143,55145,55147,55149,55151],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,55144,92],{"class":91},[37,55146,95],{"class":51},[37,55148,55130],{"class":102},[37,55150,18],{"class":51},[37,55152,54497],{"class":3788},[20,55154,55155,55156,55160,55161,55167,55168,292],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[285,55157,55159],{"href":55158},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[285,55162,55164,10856],{"href":55163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55165,55166],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[285,55169,55171,10856],{"href":55170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55172,55173],{},"list.pop()",[130,55175,155],{"id":4638},[307,55177,55179,55180,1866,55183],{"id":55178},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55181,55182],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55184,55185],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55187,55188],{},"This does not call the method.",[28,55190,55192],{"className":30,"code":55191,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55193,55194,55214,55218,55227],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55195,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204,55206,55208,55210,55212],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55197,670],{"class":43},[37,55199,48],{"class":47},[37,55201,519],{"class":51},[37,55203,501],{"class":122},[37,55205,65],{"class":51},[37,55207,890],{"class":122},[37,55209,65],{"class":51},[37,55211,513],{"class":122},[37,55213,3760],{"class":51},[37,55215,55216],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55217,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55219,55220,55222,55224],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55221,687],{"class":43},[37,55223,292],{"class":51},[37,55225,55226],{"class":24857},"clear\n",[37,55228,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55230,92],{"class":91},[37,55232,95],{"class":51},[37,55234,687],{"class":102},[37,55236,85],{"class":51},[20,55238,112],{},[28,55240,55242],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55243,55244],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55245,55246,55248,55250,55252,55254,55256,55258],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55247,1067],{"class":51},[37,55249,501],{"class":122},[37,55251,65],{"class":51},[37,55253,890],{"class":122},[37,55255,65],{"class":51},[37,55257,513],{"class":122},[37,55259,3760],{"class":51},[20,55261,55262],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55264,10923],{},[28,55266,55268],{"className":30,"code":55267,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55269,55270,55290,55294,55304],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55271,55272,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55273,670],{"class":43},[37,55275,48],{"class":47},[37,55277,519],{"class":51},[37,55279,501],{"class":122},[37,55281,65],{"class":51},[37,55283,890],{"class":122},[37,55285,65],{"class":51},[37,55287,513],{"class":122},[37,55289,3760],{"class":51},[37,55291,55292],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55293,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55295,55296,55298,55300,55302],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55297,687],{"class":43},[37,55299,292],{"class":51},[37,55301,11498],{"class":102},[37,55303,8761],{"class":51},[37,55305,55306,55308,55310,55312,55314],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55307,92],{"class":91},[37,55309,95],{"class":51},[37,55311,687],{"class":102},[37,55313,18],{"class":51},[37,55315,54497],{"class":3788},[307,55317,1880,55319,55321],{"id":55318},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55320,11436],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55323,55324,2530,55326,55328],{},[15,55325,11436],{},[15,55327,3904],{},", not the list.",[28,55330,55332],{"className":30,"code":55331,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55333,55334,55354,55368,55372,55384],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55335,55336,55338,55340,55342,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55337,670],{"class":43},[37,55339,48],{"class":47},[37,55341,519],{"class":51},[37,55343,501],{"class":122},[37,55345,65],{"class":51},[37,55347,890],{"class":122},[37,55349,65],{"class":51},[37,55351,513],{"class":122},[37,55353,3760],{"class":51},[37,55355,55356,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55357,2362],{"class":43},[37,55359,48],{"class":47},[37,55361,6087],{"class":43},[37,55363,292],{"class":51},[37,55365,11498],{"class":102},[37,55367,8761],{"class":51},[37,55369,55370],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55371,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55373,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55375,92],{"class":91},[37,55377,95],{"class":51},[37,55379,2397],{"class":102},[37,55381,18],{"class":51},[37,55383,20982],{"class":3788},[37,55385,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,55387,92],{"class":91},[37,55389,95],{"class":51},[37,55391,687],{"class":102},[37,55393,18],{"class":51},[37,55395,54745],{"class":3788},[307,55397,1872,55399,55401],{"id":55398},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55400,11436],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55403,55404,55405,55407],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55406,11436],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55409,55410],{},"This will fail:",[28,55412,55414],{"className":30,"code":55413,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55415,55416,55428],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55417,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55419,34795],{"class":43},[37,55421,48],{"class":47},[37,55423,68],{"class":55},[37,55425,3970],{"class":59},[37,55427,3484],{"class":55},[37,55429,55430,55432,55434,55436],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55431,34816],{"class":43},[37,55433,292],{"class":51},[37,55435,11498],{"class":102},[37,55437,8761],{"class":51},[20,55439,55440,55441,33707],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55442,11436],{},[20,55444,55445,55446,55448],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55447,3904],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55450,55451],{},"Useful checks:",[28,55453,55455],{"className":30,"code":55454,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55456,55457,55467,55481,55495,55504,55514],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55458,55459,55461,55463,55465],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55460,92],{"class":91},[37,55462,95],{"class":51},[37,55464,8457],{"class":102},[37,55466,85],{"class":51},[37,55468,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55470,92],{"class":91},[37,55472,95],{"class":51},[37,55474,757],{"class":756},[37,55476,95],{"class":51},[37,55478,8457],{"class":102},[37,55480,106],{"class":51},[37,55482,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491,55493],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55484,92],{"class":91},[37,55486,95],{"class":51},[37,55488,12762],{"class":91},[37,55490,95],{"class":51},[37,55492,8457],{"class":102},[37,55494,106],{"class":51},[37,55496,55497,55499,55501],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55498,43648],{"class":43},[37,55500,48],{"class":47},[37,55502,55503],{"class":43}," my_list\n",[37,55505,55506,55508,55510,55512],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,55507,8457],{"class":43},[37,55509,292],{"class":51},[37,55511,11498],{"class":102},[37,55513,8761],{"class":51},[37,55515,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,55517,92],{"class":91},[37,55519,95],{"class":51},[37,55521,30851],{"class":102},[37,55523,85],{"class":51},[20,55525,55526],{},"These can help you see:",[135,55528,55529,55532,55535],{},[138,55530,55531],{},"What the variable currently contains",[138,55533,55534],{},"Whether it is really a list",[138,55536,55537],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55539,55540,55541,292],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[285,55542,55543],{"href":54387},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[130,55545,1969],{"id":1968},[307,55547,1983,55549,55551],{"id":55548},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55550,54440],{}," delete the list?",[20,55553,55554],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[307,55556,1983,55558,55560],{"id":55557},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55559,54440],{}," return a new list?",[20,55562,55563,55564,55566],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55565,3904],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[307,55568,5300,55570,851,55572,2623],{"id":55569},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55571,11436],{},[15,55573,54948],{},[20,55575,55576,55578,55579,55581],{},[15,55577,11436],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55580,54948],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[307,55583,28435,55585,55587],{"id":55584},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55586,11436],{}," on other types?",[20,55589,55590,55591,55593],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55592,11436],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[130,55595,2025],{"id":2024},[135,55597,55598,55602,55607,55614,55621,55627],{},[138,55599,55600],{},[285,55601,52863],{"href":54661},[138,55603,55604],{},[285,55605,55606],{"href":55158},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[138,55608,55609],{},[285,55610,55611,55612,10856],{"href":55170},"Python list ",[15,55613,12875],{},[138,55615,55616],{},[285,55617,55611,55618,10856],{"href":55163},[15,55619,55620],{},"remove()",[138,55622,55623],{},[285,55624,55611,55625,10856],{"href":55051},[15,55626,12889],{},[138,55628,55629],{},[285,55630,30455,55631,33740],{"href":54387},[15,55632,55633],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2052,55635,55636],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":55638},[55639,55640,55642,55643,55644,55645,55652,55653,55661,55671],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":54505,"depth":88,"text":55641},"What list.clear() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":54819,"depth":88,"text":55646,"children":55647},"clear() vs assigning []",[55648,55650],{"id":54857,"depth":251,"text":55649},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54945,"depth":251,"text":55651},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12550,"depth":88,"text":12921},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":55654},[55655,55657,55659],{"id":55178,"depth":251,"text":55656},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55318,"depth":251,"text":55658},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55398,"depth":251,"text":55660},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":55662},[55663,55665,55667,55669],{"id":55548,"depth":251,"text":55664},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55557,"depth":251,"text":55666},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55569,"depth":251,"text":55668},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55584,"depth":251,"text":55670},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54427,"description":55672},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55679,"title":55680,"body":55681,"description":57366,"extension":2099,"meta":57367,"navigation":254,"path":57368,"seo":57369,"stem":57370,"__hash__":57371},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55682,"toc":57334},[55683,55688,55694,55702,55704,55793,55800,55805,55809,55823,55825,55902,55904,55965,55968,55970,55972,55993,55996,56010,56013,56058,56060,56068,56071,56077,56083,56086,56163,56165,56210,56213,56218,56301,56303,56344,56349,56353,56359,56361,56369,56372,56465,56467,56525,56528,56544,56549,56559,56564,56566,56571,56576,56579,56581,56638,56641,56694,56700,56705,56709,56726,56728,56812,56814,56855,56863,56865,56870,56876,56878,56941,56946,57016,57020,57055,57058,57060,57099,57103,57179,57185,57191,57196,57218,57221,57240,57248,57250,57256,57259,57266,57274,57279,57282,57286,57292,57300,57303,57305,57331],[10,55684,54433,55686,11437],{"id":55685},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55687,12889],{},[20,55689,55690,55693],{},[15,55691,55692],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55695,55696,55697,14163,55699,55701],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55698,48],{},[110,55700,711],{}," make a real copy.",[130,55703,2140],{"id":2139},[28,55705,55707],{"className":30,"code":55706,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55708,55709,55729,55744,55748,55763,55767,55780],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55710,55711,55713,55715,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55712,207],{"class":43},[37,55714,48],{"class":47},[37,55716,519],{"class":51},[37,55718,501],{"class":122},[37,55720,65],{"class":51},[37,55722,890],{"class":122},[37,55724,65],{"class":51},[37,55726,513],{"class":122},[37,55728,3760],{"class":51},[37,55730,55731,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55732,55733],{"class":43},"new_numbers ",[37,55735,48],{"class":47},[37,55737,4383],{"class":43},[37,55739,292],{"class":51},[37,55741,13023],{"class":102},[37,55743,8761],{"class":51},[37,55745,55746],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55747,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55749,55750,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55751,55752],{"class":43},"new_numbers",[37,55754,292],{"class":51},[37,55756,13662],{"class":102},[37,55758,95],{"class":51},[37,55760,522],{"class":122},[37,55762,85],{"class":51},[37,55764,55765],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,55766,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55768,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,55770,92],{"class":91},[37,55772,95],{"class":51},[37,55774,246],{"class":102},[37,55776,18],{"class":51},[37,55778,55779],{"class":3788},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[37,55781,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,55783,92],{"class":91},[37,55785,95],{"class":51},[37,55787,55752],{"class":102},[37,55789,18],{"class":51},[37,55791,55792],{"class":3788},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55794,22,55795,55797,55798,292],{},[15,55796,55692],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[110,55799,12963],{},[130,55801,296,55803,3805],{"id":55802},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55804,55692],{},[20,55806,55807,3013],{},[15,55808,55692],{},[135,55810,55811,55814,55817,55820],{},[138,55812,55813],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[138,55815,55816],{},"Returns that new list",[138,55818,55819],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[138,55821,55822],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55824,197],{},[28,55826,55828],{"className":30,"code":55827,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55829,55830,55862,55877,55881,55891],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55831,55832,55834,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55833,320],{"class":43},[37,55835,48],{"class":47},[37,55837,519],{"class":51},[37,55839,56],{"class":55},[37,55841,329],{"class":59},[37,55843,56],{"class":55},[37,55845,65],{"class":51},[37,55847,68],{"class":55},[37,55849,338],{"class":59},[37,55851,56],{"class":55},[37,55853,65],{"class":51},[37,55855,68],{"class":55},[37,55857,347],{"class":59},[37,55859,56],{"class":55},[37,55861,3760],{"class":51},[37,55863,55864,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55865,55866],{"class":43},"copied_fruits ",[37,55868,48],{"class":47},[37,55870,52943],{"class":43},[37,55872,292],{"class":51},[37,55874,13023],{"class":102},[37,55876,8761],{"class":51},[37,55878,55879],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,55880,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,55882,55883,55885,55887,55889],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,55884,92],{"class":91},[37,55886,95],{"class":51},[37,55888,364],{"class":102},[37,55890,85],{"class":51},[37,55892,55893,55895,55897,55900],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,55894,92],{"class":91},[37,55896,95],{"class":51},[37,55898,55899],{"class":102},"copied_fruits",[37,55901,85],{"class":51},[20,55903,112],{},[28,55905,55907],{"className":30,"code":55906,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55908,55909,55937],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55910,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55912,1067],{"class":51},[37,55914,821],{"class":55},[37,55916,329],{"class":59},[37,55918,821],{"class":55},[37,55920,65],{"class":51},[37,55922,815],{"class":55},[37,55924,338],{"class":59},[37,55926,821],{"class":55},[37,55928,65],{"class":51},[37,55930,815],{"class":55},[37,55932,347],{"class":59},[37,55934,821],{"class":55},[37,55936,3760],{"class":51},[37,55938,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,55940,1067],{"class":51},[37,55942,821],{"class":55},[37,55944,329],{"class":59},[37,55946,821],{"class":55},[37,55948,65],{"class":51},[37,55950,815],{"class":55},[37,55952,338],{"class":59},[37,55954,821],{"class":55},[37,55956,65],{"class":51},[37,55958,815],{"class":55},[37,55960,347],{"class":59},[37,55962,821],{"class":55},[37,55964,3760],{"class":51},[20,55966,55967],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[130,55969,159],{"id":158},[20,55971,2293],{},[28,55973,55975],{"className":30,"code":55974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55976,55977],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,55978,55979,55982,55984,55987,55989,55991],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,55980,55981],{"class":43},"new_list ",[37,55983,48],{"class":47},[37,55985,55986],{"class":43}," old_list",[37,55988,292],{"class":51},[37,55990,13023],{"class":102},[37,55992,8761],{"class":51},[20,55994,55995],{},"How it works:",[135,55997,55998,56004,56007],{},[138,55999,56000,56001,56003],{},"Call ",[15,56002,12889],{}," on an existing list",[138,56005,56006],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[138,56008,56009],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56011,56012],{},"Example with an empty list:",[28,56014,56016],{"className":30,"code":56015,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56017,56018,56027,56043,56047],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56019,56020,56023,56025],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56021,56022],{"class":43},"empty_list ",[37,56024,48],{"class":47},[37,56026,7958],{"class":51},[37,56028,56029,56032,56034,56037,56039,56041],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56030,56031],{"class":43},"new_empty_list ",[37,56033,48],{"class":47},[37,56035,56036],{"class":43}," empty_list",[37,56038,292],{"class":51},[37,56040,13023],{"class":102},[37,56042,8761],{"class":51},[37,56044,56045],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56046,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56048,56049,56051,56053,56056],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56050,92],{"class":91},[37,56052,95],{"class":51},[37,56054,56055],{"class":102},"new_empty_list",[37,56057,85],{"class":51},[20,56059,112],{},[28,56061,56062],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,56063,56064],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56065,56066],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56067,38399],{"class":51},[20,56069,56070],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[130,56072,56074,56075],{"id":56073},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56076,48],{},[20,56078,1872,56079,14163,56081,52759],{},[15,56080,48],{},[110,56082,711],{},[20,56084,56085],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[28,56087,56089],{"className":30,"code":56088,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56090,56091,56111,56120,56124,56139,56143,56153],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56092,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56094,207],{"class":43},[37,56096,48],{"class":47},[37,56098,519],{"class":51},[37,56100,501],{"class":122},[37,56102,65],{"class":51},[37,56104,890],{"class":122},[37,56106,65],{"class":51},[37,56108,513],{"class":122},[37,56110,3760],{"class":51},[37,56112,56113,56116,56118],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56114,56115],{"class":43},"same_list ",[37,56117,48],{"class":47},[37,56119,44081],{"class":43},[37,56121,56122],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56123,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56125,56126,56129,56131,56133,56135,56137],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56127,56128],{"class":43},"same_list",[37,56130,292],{"class":51},[37,56132,13662],{"class":102},[37,56134,95],{"class":51},[37,56136,522],{"class":122},[37,56138,85],{"class":51},[37,56140,56141],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,56142,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56144,56145,56147,56149,56151],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,56146,92],{"class":91},[37,56148,95],{"class":51},[37,56150,246],{"class":102},[37,56152,85],{"class":51},[37,56154,56155,56157,56159,56161],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,56156,92],{"class":91},[37,56158,95],{"class":51},[37,56160,56128],{"class":102},[37,56162,85],{"class":51},[20,56164,112],{},[28,56166,56168],{"className":30,"code":56167,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56169,56170,56190],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56171,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56173,1067],{"class":51},[37,56175,501],{"class":122},[37,56177,65],{"class":51},[37,56179,890],{"class":122},[37,56181,65],{"class":51},[37,56183,513],{"class":122},[37,56185,65],{"class":51},[37,56187,1134],{"class":122},[37,56189,3760],{"class":51},[37,56191,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56193,1067],{"class":51},[37,56195,501],{"class":122},[37,56197,65],{"class":51},[37,56199,890],{"class":122},[37,56201,65],{"class":51},[37,56203,513],{"class":122},[37,56205,65],{"class":51},[37,56207,1134],{"class":122},[37,56209,3760],{"class":51},[20,56211,56212],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56214,56215,56216,3013],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56217,12889],{},[28,56219,56221],{"className":30,"code":56220,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56222,56223,56243,56258,56262,56277,56281,56291],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56224,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56226,207],{"class":43},[37,56228,48],{"class":47},[37,56230,519],{"class":51},[37,56232,501],{"class":122},[37,56234,65],{"class":51},[37,56236,890],{"class":122},[37,56238,65],{"class":51},[37,56240,513],{"class":122},[37,56242,3760],{"class":51},[37,56244,56245,56248,56250,56252,56254,56256],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56246,56247],{"class":43},"copied_numbers ",[37,56249,48],{"class":47},[37,56251,4383],{"class":43},[37,56253,292],{"class":51},[37,56255,13023],{"class":102},[37,56257,8761],{"class":51},[37,56259,56260],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56261,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56263,56264,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56265,56266],{"class":43},"copied_numbers",[37,56268,292],{"class":51},[37,56270,13662],{"class":102},[37,56272,95],{"class":51},[37,56274,522],{"class":122},[37,56276,85],{"class":51},[37,56278,56279],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,56280,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56282,56283,56285,56287,56289],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,56284,92],{"class":91},[37,56286,95],{"class":51},[37,56288,246],{"class":102},[37,56290,85],{"class":51},[37,56292,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,56294,92],{"class":91},[37,56296,95],{"class":51},[37,56298,56266],{"class":102},[37,56300,85],{"class":51},[20,56302,112],{},[28,56304,56306],{"className":30,"code":56305,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56307,56308,56324],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56309,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320,56322],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56311,1067],{"class":51},[37,56313,501],{"class":122},[37,56315,65],{"class":51},[37,56317,890],{"class":122},[37,56319,65],{"class":51},[37,56321,513],{"class":122},[37,56323,3760],{"class":51},[37,56325,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56327,1067],{"class":51},[37,56329,501],{"class":122},[37,56331,65],{"class":51},[37,56333,890],{"class":122},[37,56335,65],{"class":51},[37,56337,513],{"class":122},[37,56339,65],{"class":51},[37,56341,1134],{"class":122},[37,56343,3760],{"class":51},[20,56345,56346,56347,292],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[285,56348,52863],{"href":51072},[130,56350,56352],{"id":56351},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56354,56355,12960,56357,292],{},[15,56356,55692],{},[110,56358,12963],{},[20,56360,2242],{},[135,56362,56363,56366],{},[138,56364,56365],{},"The outer list is new",[138,56367,56368],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56370,56371],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[28,56373,56375],{"className":30,"code":56374,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56376,56377,56404,56418,56422,56441,56445,56455],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56378,56379,56381,56383,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56380,12198],{"class":43},[37,56382,48],{"class":47},[37,56384,56385],{"class":51}," [[",[37,56387,501],{"class":122},[37,56389,65],{"class":51},[37,56391,890],{"class":122},[37,56393,893],{"class":51},[37,56395,519],{"class":51},[37,56397,1129],{"class":122},[37,56399,65],{"class":51},[37,56401,1134],{"class":122},[37,56403,53334],{"class":51},[37,56405,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56407,14421],{"class":43},[37,56409,48],{"class":47},[37,56411,12273],{"class":43},[37,56413,292],{"class":51},[37,56415,13023],{"class":102},[37,56417,8761],{"class":51},[37,56419,56420],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56421,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56439],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56425,14440],{"class":43},[37,56427,1067],{"class":51},[37,56429,1070],{"class":122},[37,56431,13659],{"class":51},[37,56433,13662],{"class":102},[37,56435,95],{"class":51},[37,56437,56438],{"class":122},"99",[37,56440,85],{"class":51},[37,56442,56443],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,56444,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56446,56447,56449,56451,56453],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,56448,92],{"class":91},[37,56450,95],{"class":51},[37,56452,12245],{"class":102},[37,56454,85],{"class":51},[37,56456,56457,56459,56461,56463],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,56458,92],{"class":91},[37,56460,95],{"class":51},[37,56462,14440],{"class":102},[37,56464,85],{"class":51},[20,56466,112],{},[28,56468,56470],{"className":30,"code":56469,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56471,56472,56499],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56473,56474,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56475,56476],{"class":51},"[[",[37,56478,501],{"class":122},[37,56480,65],{"class":51},[37,56482,890],{"class":122},[37,56484,65],{"class":51},[37,56486,10311],{"class":122},[37,56488,893],{"class":51},[37,56490,519],{"class":51},[37,56492,1129],{"class":122},[37,56494,65],{"class":51},[37,56496,1134],{"class":122},[37,56498,53334],{"class":51},[37,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56502,56476],{"class":51},[37,56504,501],{"class":122},[37,56506,65],{"class":51},[37,56508,890],{"class":122},[37,56510,65],{"class":51},[37,56512,10311],{"class":122},[37,56514,893],{"class":51},[37,56516,519],{"class":51},[37,56518,1129],{"class":122},[37,56520,65],{"class":51},[37,56522,1134],{"class":122},[37,56524,53334],{"class":51},[20,56526,56527],{},"Why did both change?",[135,56529,56530,56537],{},[138,56531,56532,851,56534,56536],{},[15,56533,12245],{},[15,56535,14440],{}," are different outer lists",[138,56538,56539,56540,56543],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56541,56542],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56545,53745,56546,56548],{},[15,56547,12889],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[135,56550,56551,56554,56557],{},[138,56552,56553],{},"Numbers",[138,56555,56556],{},"Strings",[138,56558,40696],{},[20,56560,56561,56562,292],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[285,56563,13900],{"href":13899},[130,56565,17528],{"id":17527},[20,56567,56568,56570],{},[15,56569,55692],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56572,41007,56573,56575],{},[110,56574,711],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56577,56578],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56580,16765],{},[28,56582,56584],{"className":30,"code":56583,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56585,56586,56610,56624,56628],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56587,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56589,44],{"class":43},[37,56591,48],{"class":47},[37,56593,519],{"class":51},[37,56595,56],{"class":55},[37,56597,60],{"class":59},[37,56599,56],{"class":55},[37,56601,65],{"class":51},[37,56603,68],{"class":55},[37,56605,80],{"class":59},[37,56607,56],{"class":55},[37,56609,3760],{"class":51},[37,56611,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56613,13228],{"class":43},[37,56615,48],{"class":47},[37,56617,13233],{"class":43},[37,56619,292],{"class":51},[37,56621,13023],{"class":102},[37,56623,8761],{"class":51},[37,56625,56626],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56627,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56629,56630,56632,56634,56636],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56631,92],{"class":91},[37,56633,95],{"class":51},[37,56635,13252],{"class":102},[37,56637,85],{"class":51},[20,56639,56640],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[28,56642,56644],{"className":30,"code":56643,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56645,56646,56670,56680,56684],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56647,56648,56650,56652,56654,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56649,44],{"class":43},[37,56651,48],{"class":47},[37,56653,519],{"class":51},[37,56655,56],{"class":55},[37,56657,60],{"class":59},[37,56659,56],{"class":55},[37,56661,65],{"class":51},[37,56663,68],{"class":55},[37,56665,80],{"class":59},[37,56667,56],{"class":55},[37,56669,3760],{"class":51},[37,56671,56672,56674,56676,56678],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56673,103],{"class":43},[37,56675,292],{"class":51},[37,56677,13023],{"class":102},[37,56679,8761],{"class":51},[37,56681,56682],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56683,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56685,56686,56688,56690,56692],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56687,92],{"class":91},[37,56689,95],{"class":51},[37,56691,103],{"class":102},[37,56693,85],{"class":51},[20,56695,56696,56697,56699],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56698,12889],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[130,56701,5080,56703],{"id":56702},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56704,55692],{},[20,56706,22,56707,10716],{},[15,56708,55692],{},[135,56710,56711,56714,56717,56720],{},[138,56712,56713],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[138,56715,56716],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[138,56718,56719],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[138,56721,56722,56723],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56724,56725],{},"[:]",[20,56727,197],{},[28,56729,56731],{"className":30,"code":56730,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56732,56733,56753,56768,56772,56787,56791,56801],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56734,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56736,5183],{"class":43},[37,56738,48],{"class":47},[37,56740,519],{"class":51},[37,56742,214],{"class":122},[37,56744,65],{"class":51},[37,56746,219],{"class":122},[37,56748,65],{"class":51},[37,56750,224],{"class":122},[37,56752,3760],{"class":51},[37,56754,56755,56758,56760,56762,56764,56766],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56756,56757],{"class":43},"backup_scores ",[37,56759,48],{"class":47},[37,56761,5230],{"class":43},[37,56763,292],{"class":51},[37,56765,13023],{"class":102},[37,56767,8761],{"class":51},[37,56769,56770],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56771,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56773,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782,56785],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56775,16498],{"class":43},[37,56777,292],{"class":51},[37,56779,13662],{"class":102},[37,56781,95],{"class":51},[37,56783,56784],{"class":122},"40",[37,56786,85],{"class":51},[37,56788,56789],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,56790,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56792,56793,56795,56797,56799],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,56794,92],{"class":91},[37,56796,95],{"class":51},[37,56798,16498],{"class":102},[37,56800,85],{"class":51},[37,56802,56803,56805,56807,56810],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,56804,92],{"class":91},[37,56806,95],{"class":51},[37,56808,56809],{"class":102},"backup_scores",[37,56811,85],{"class":51},[20,56813,112],{},[28,56815,56817],{"className":30,"code":56816,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56818,56819,56839],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56820,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56822,1067],{"class":51},[37,56824,214],{"class":122},[37,56826,65],{"class":51},[37,56828,219],{"class":122},[37,56830,65],{"class":51},[37,56832,224],{"class":122},[37,56834,65],{"class":51},[37,56836,229],{"class":122},[37,56838,3760],{"class":51},[37,56840,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56842,1067],{"class":51},[37,56844,214],{"class":122},[37,56846,65],{"class":51},[37,56848,219],{"class":122},[37,56850,65],{"class":51},[37,56852,224],{"class":122},[37,56854,3760],{"class":51},[20,56856,56857,56858,292],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[285,56859,55611,56861,10856],{"href":56860},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56862,52744],{},[130,56864,155],{"id":4638},[20,56866,56867,56868,292],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56869,55692],{},[307,56871,1872,56873,56875],{"id":56872},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56874,48],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56877,39300],{},[28,56879,56881],{"className":30,"code":56880,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56882,56883,56903,56911,56925,56929],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56884,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56886,722],{"class":43},[37,56888,48],{"class":47},[37,56890,519],{"class":51},[37,56892,501],{"class":122},[37,56894,65],{"class":51},[37,56896,890],{"class":122},[37,56898,65],{"class":51},[37,56900,513],{"class":122},[37,56902,3760],{"class":51},[37,56904,56905,56907,56909],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56906,735],{"class":43},[37,56908,48],{"class":47},[37,56910,1824],{"class":43},[37,56912,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56914,777],{"class":43},[37,56916,292],{"class":51},[37,56918,13662],{"class":102},[37,56920,95],{"class":51},[37,56922,522],{"class":122},[37,56924,85],{"class":51},[37,56926,56927],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,56928,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,56930,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,56932,92],{"class":91},[37,56934,95],{"class":51},[37,56936,285],{"class":102},[37,56938,18],{"class":51},[37,56940,55792],{"class":3788},[20,56942,56943,56944,6752],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56945,12889],{},[28,56947,56949],{"className":30,"code":56948,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56950,56951,56971,56986,57000,57004],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,56952,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,56954,722],{"class":43},[37,56956,48],{"class":47},[37,56958,519],{"class":51},[37,56960,501],{"class":122},[37,56962,65],{"class":51},[37,56964,890],{"class":122},[37,56966,65],{"class":51},[37,56968,513],{"class":122},[37,56970,3760],{"class":51},[37,56972,56973,56975,56977,56980,56982,56984],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,56974,735],{"class":43},[37,56976,48],{"class":47},[37,56978,56979],{"class":43}," a",[37,56981,292],{"class":51},[37,56983,13023],{"class":102},[37,56985,8761],{"class":51},[37,56987,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,56989,777],{"class":43},[37,56991,292],{"class":51},[37,56993,13662],{"class":102},[37,56995,95],{"class":51},[37,56997,522],{"class":122},[37,56999,85],{"class":51},[37,57001,57002],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,57003,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,57005,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,57007,92],{"class":91},[37,57009,95],{"class":51},[37,57011,285],{"class":102},[37,57013,18],{"class":51},[37,57015,55023],{"class":3788},[307,57017,57019],{"id":57018},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[28,57021,57023],{"className":30,"code":57022,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57024,57025,57045],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57026,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57028,207],{"class":43},[37,57030,48],{"class":47},[37,57032,519],{"class":51},[37,57034,501],{"class":122},[37,57036,65],{"class":51},[37,57038,890],{"class":122},[37,57040,65],{"class":51},[37,57042,513],{"class":122},[37,57044,3760],{"class":51},[37,57046,57047,57049,57051,57053],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57048,246],{"class":43},[37,57050,292],{"class":51},[37,57052,13023],{"class":102},[37,57054,8761],{"class":51},[20,57056,57057],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57059,39363],{},[28,57061,57063],{"className":30,"code":57062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57064,57065,57085],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57066,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079,57081,57083],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57068,207],{"class":43},[37,57070,48],{"class":47},[37,57072,519],{"class":51},[37,57074,501],{"class":122},[37,57076,65],{"class":51},[37,57078,890],{"class":122},[37,57080,65],{"class":51},[37,57082,513],{"class":122},[37,57084,3760],{"class":51},[37,57086,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57088,56247],{"class":43},[37,57090,48],{"class":47},[37,57092,4383],{"class":43},[37,57094,292],{"class":51},[37,57096,13023],{"class":102},[37,57098,8761],{"class":51},[307,57100,57102],{"id":57101},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[28,57104,57106],{"className":30,"code":57105,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57107,57108,57126,57140,57144,57162,57166],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57109,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57111,722],{"class":43},[37,57113,48],{"class":47},[37,57115,56385],{"class":51},[37,57117,501],{"class":122},[37,57119,893],{"class":51},[37,57121,519],{"class":51},[37,57123,508],{"class":122},[37,57125,53334],{"class":51},[37,57127,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57129,735],{"class":43},[37,57131,48],{"class":47},[37,57133,56979],{"class":43},[37,57135,292],{"class":51},[37,57137,13023],{"class":102},[37,57139,8761],{"class":51},[37,57141,57142],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,57143,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,57145,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,57147,777],{"class":43},[37,57149,1067],{"class":51},[37,57151,1070],{"class":122},[37,57153,13659],{"class":51},[37,57155,13662],{"class":102},[37,57157,95],{"class":51},[37,57159,56438],{"class":122},[37,57161,85],{"class":51},[37,57163,57164],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,57165,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,57167,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,57169,92],{"class":91},[37,57171,95],{"class":51},[37,57173,285],{"class":102},[37,57175,18],{"class":51},[37,57177,57178],{"class":3788},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57180,57181,57182,57184],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57183,55692],{}," is shallow.",[307,57186,25724,57188,57190],{"id":57187},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57189,12889],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57192,57193,57195],{},[15,57194,12889],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[28,57197,57199],{"className":30,"code":57198,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57200,57201,57213],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57202,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57204,7996],{"class":43},[37,57206,48],{"class":47},[37,57208,68],{"class":55},[37,57210,5123],{"class":59},[37,57212,3484],{"class":55},[37,57214,57215],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57216,57217],{"class":3788},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57219,57220],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[28,57222,57224],{"className":30,"code":57223,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57225,57226],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57227,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57229,92],{"class":91},[37,57231,95],{"class":51},[37,57233,757],{"class":756},[37,57235,95],{"class":51},[37,57237,7790],{"class":102},[37,57239,106],{"class":51},[20,57241,57242,57243,57247],{},"You can also review ",[285,57244,57246],{"href":57245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[130,57249,1969],{"id":1968},[307,57251,1983,57253,57255],{"id":57252},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57254,55692],{}," change the original list?",[20,57257,57258],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[307,57260,5300,57262,851,57264,2623],{"id":57261},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57263,55692],{},[15,57265,48],{},[20,57267,57268,57270,57271,57273],{},[15,57269,12889],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57272,48],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[307,57275,15013,57277,15016],{"id":57276},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57278,55692],{},[20,57280,57281],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[307,57283,57285],{"id":57284},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57287,42252,57288,57291],{},[15,57289,57290],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[307,57293,15013,57295,57297,57298,2623],{"id":57294},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57296,55692],{}," the same as ",[15,57299,56725],{},[20,57301,57302],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[130,57304,2025],{"id":2024},[135,57306,57307,57312,57316,57321,57327],{},[138,57308,57309],{},[285,57310,15075],{"href":57311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[138,57313,57314],{},[285,57315,52863],{"href":51072},[138,57317,57318],{},[285,57319,57320],{"href":57245},"Creating a list in Python",[138,57322,57323],{},[285,57324,55611,57325,10856],{"href":56860},[15,57326,52744],{},[138,57328,57329],{},[285,57330,13900],{"href":13899},[2052,57332,57333],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":57335},[57336,57337,57339,57340,57342,57343,57344,57346,57354,57365],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":55802,"depth":88,"text":57338},"What list.copy() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":56073,"depth":88,"text":57341},"Why not use =",{"id":56351,"depth":88,"text":56352},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":56702,"depth":88,"text":57345},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":57347},[57348,57350,57351,57352],{"id":56872,"depth":251,"text":57349},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57018,"depth":251,"text":57019},{"id":57101,"depth":251,"text":57102},{"id":57187,"depth":251,"text":57353},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":57355},[57356,57358,57360,57362,57363],{"id":57252,"depth":251,"text":57357},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57261,"depth":251,"text":57359},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57276,"depth":251,"text":57361},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57284,"depth":251,"text":57285},{"id":57294,"depth":251,"text":57364},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55680,"description":57366},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57373,"title":57374,"body":57375,"description":59117,"extension":2099,"meta":59118,"navigation":254,"path":59119,"seo":59120,"stem":59121,"__hash__":59122},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57376,"toc":59076},[57377,57383,57389,57392,57403,57406,57408,57471,57477,57482,57486,57500,57503,57508,57513,57515,57517,57536,57548,57550,57617,57619,57627,57632,57634,57642,57645,57662,57664,57788,57799,57803,57808,57811,57813,57831,57835,57921,57930,57938,58007,58009,58012,58024,58029,58033,58104,58107,58111,58115,58180,58182,58190,58194,58277,58279,58287,58291,58352,58354,58362,58366,58453,58455,58463,58468,58473,58476,58487,58489,58574,58579,58588,58590,58594,58598,58603,58665,58669,58677,58683,58692,58697,58746,58749,58770,58774,58836,58843,58848,58851,58938,58941,58952,58955,58975,58977,58983,58986,58990,58994,59000,59003,59009,59016,59024,59035,59037,59073],[10,57378,54433,57380,11437],{"id":57379},"python-list-count-method",[15,57381,57382],{},"count()",[20,57384,57385,57388],{},[15,57386,57387],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57390,57391],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[135,57393,57394,57397,57400],{},[138,57395,57396],{},"count one specific item",[138,57398,57399],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[138,57401,57402],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57404,57405],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[130,57407,3734],{"id":3733},[28,57409,57411],{"className":30,"code":57410,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57412,57413,57441,57459],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57414,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57416,207],{"class":43},[37,57418,48],{"class":47},[37,57420,519],{"class":51},[37,57422,501],{"class":122},[37,57424,65],{"class":51},[37,57426,890],{"class":122},[37,57428,65],{"class":51},[37,57430,890],{"class":122},[37,57432,65],{"class":51},[37,57434,513],{"class":122},[37,57436,65],{"class":51},[37,57438,890],{"class":122},[37,57440,3760],{"class":51},[37,57442,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57444,2362],{"class":43},[37,57446,48],{"class":47},[37,57448,4383],{"class":43},[37,57450,292],{"class":51},[37,57452,265],{"class":102},[37,57454,95],{"class":51},[37,57456,508],{"class":122},[37,57458,85],{"class":51},[37,57460,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,57462,92],{"class":91},[37,57464,95],{"class":51},[37,57466,2397],{"class":102},[37,57468,18],{"class":51},[37,57470,50864],{"class":3788},[20,57472,22,57473,57476],{},[15,57474,57475],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[130,57478,296,57480,3805],{"id":57479},"what-listcount-does",[15,57481,57387],{},[20,57483,57484,3013],{},[15,57485,57387],{},[135,57487,57488,57491,57494,57497],{},[138,57489,57490],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[138,57492,57493],{},"returns an integer",[138,57495,57496],{},"does not change the original list",[138,57498,57499],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57501,57502],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57504,57505,57506,292],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57507,1129],{},[20,57509,57510,57511,292],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57512,1070],{},[130,57514,159],{"id":158},[20,57516,2293],{},[28,57518,57520],{"className":30,"code":57519,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57521,57522],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57523,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57525,8457],{"class":43},[37,57527,292],{"class":51},[37,57529,265],{"class":102},[37,57531,95],{"class":51},[37,57533,1215],{"class":102},[37,57535,85],{"class":51},[135,57537,57538,57543],{},[138,57539,57540,57542],{},[15,57541,8457],{}," is the list you want to search",[138,57544,57545,57547],{},[15,57546,1215],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57549,197],{},[28,57551,57553],{"className":30,"code":57552,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57554,57555,57595],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57556,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57558,1729],{"class":43},[37,57560,48],{"class":47},[37,57562,519],{"class":51},[37,57564,56],{"class":55},[37,57566,285],{"class":59},[37,57568,56],{"class":55},[37,57570,65],{"class":51},[37,57572,68],{"class":55},[37,57574,777],{"class":59},[37,57576,56],{"class":55},[37,57578,65],{"class":51},[37,57580,68],{"class":55},[37,57582,285],{"class":59},[37,57584,56],{"class":55},[37,57586,65],{"class":51},[37,57588,68],{"class":55},[37,57590,1754],{"class":59},[37,57592,56],{"class":55},[37,57594,3760],{"class":51},[37,57596,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57598,92],{"class":91},[37,57600,95],{"class":51},[37,57602,1785],{"class":102},[37,57604,292],{"class":51},[37,57606,265],{"class":102},[37,57608,95],{"class":51},[37,57610,56],{"class":55},[37,57612,285],{"class":59},[37,57614,56],{"class":55},[37,57616,106],{"class":51},[20,57618,112],{},[28,57620,57621],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,57622,57623],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57624,57625],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57626,1008],{"class":122},[20,57628,57629,57630,292],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57631,1070],{},[130,57633,38122],{"id":38121},[20,57635,57636,57637,57639,57640,292],{},"The return value from ",[15,57638,57382],{}," is always an ",[15,57641,818],{},[20,57643,57644],{},"Possible results:",[135,57646,57647,57652,57657],{},[138,57648,57649,57651],{},[15,57650,1070],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[138,57653,57654,57656],{},[15,57655,501],{}," if it appears once",[138,57658,57659,57661],{},[15,57660,508],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57663,197],{},[28,57665,57667],{"className":30,"code":57666,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57668,57669,57709,57713,57738,57763],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57670,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57672,44],{"class":43},[37,57674,48],{"class":47},[37,57676,519],{"class":51},[37,57678,56],{"class":55},[37,57680,60],{"class":59},[37,57682,56],{"class":55},[37,57684,65],{"class":51},[37,57686,68],{"class":55},[37,57688,80],{"class":59},[37,57690,56],{"class":55},[37,57692,65],{"class":51},[37,57694,68],{"class":55},[37,57696,71],{"class":59},[37,57698,56],{"class":55},[37,57700,65],{"class":51},[37,57702,68],{"class":55},[37,57704,80],{"class":59},[37,57706,56],{"class":55},[37,57708,3760],{"class":51},[37,57710,57711],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57712,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,57714,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,57716,92],{"class":91},[37,57718,95],{"class":51},[37,57720,103],{"class":102},[37,57722,292],{"class":51},[37,57724,265],{"class":102},[37,57726,95],{"class":51},[37,57728,56],{"class":55},[37,57730,80],{"class":59},[37,57732,56],{"class":55},[37,57734,5482],{"class":51},[37,57736,57737],{"class":3788},"   # 2\n",[37,57739,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,57741,92],{"class":91},[37,57743,95],{"class":51},[37,57745,103],{"class":102},[37,57747,292],{"class":51},[37,57749,265],{"class":102},[37,57751,95],{"class":51},[37,57753,56],{"class":55},[37,57755,60],{"class":59},[37,57757,56],{"class":55},[37,57759,5482],{"class":51},[37,57761,57762],{"class":3788},"    # 1\n",[37,57764,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,57766,92],{"class":91},[37,57768,95],{"class":51},[37,57770,103],{"class":102},[37,57772,292],{"class":51},[37,57774,265],{"class":102},[37,57776,95],{"class":51},[37,57778,56],{"class":55},[37,57780,627],{"class":59},[37,57782,56],{"class":55},[37,57784,5482],{"class":51},[37,57786,57787],{"class":3788}," # 0\n",[20,57789,57790,57791,57793,57794,57796,57797,292],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57792,57382],{}," works, but using ",[15,57795,1773],{}," is often simpler. See ",[285,57798,6319],{"href":6318},[130,57800,57802],{"id":57801},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57804,57805,57807],{},[15,57806,57387],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57809,57810],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57812,43749],{},[135,57814,57815,57818,57821,57828],{},[138,57816,57817],{},"matches are based on equality",[138,57819,57820],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[138,57822,57823,851,57825,57827],{},[15,57824,501],{},[15,57826,3729],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[138,57829,57830],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[307,57832,57834],{"id":57833},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[28,57836,57838],{"className":30,"code":57837,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57839,57840,57873,57897],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57841,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57843,965],{"class":43},[37,57845,48],{"class":47},[37,57847,519],{"class":51},[37,57849,56],{"class":55},[37,57851,329],{"class":59},[37,57853,56],{"class":55},[37,57855,65],{"class":51},[37,57857,68],{"class":55},[37,57859,57860],{"class":59},"Apple",[37,57862,56],{"class":55},[37,57864,65],{"class":51},[37,57866,68],{"class":55},[37,57868,329],{"class":59},[37,57870,56],{"class":55},[37,57872,3760],{"class":51},[37,57874,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57876,92],{"class":91},[37,57878,95],{"class":51},[37,57880,999],{"class":102},[37,57882,292],{"class":51},[37,57884,265],{"class":102},[37,57886,95],{"class":51},[37,57888,56],{"class":55},[37,57890,329],{"class":59},[37,57892,56],{"class":55},[37,57894,5482],{"class":51},[37,57896,51506],{"class":3788},[37,57898,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,57900,92],{"class":91},[37,57902,95],{"class":51},[37,57904,999],{"class":102},[37,57906,292],{"class":51},[37,57908,265],{"class":102},[37,57910,95],{"class":51},[37,57912,56],{"class":55},[37,57914,57860],{"class":59},[37,57916,56],{"class":55},[37,57918,5482],{"class":51},[37,57920,27886],{"class":3788},[20,57922,57923,851,57926,57929],{},[15,57924,57925],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57927,57928],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[307,57931,57933,851,57935,57937],{"id":57932},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57934,501],{},[15,57936,3729],{}," can match",[28,57939,57941],{"className":30,"code":57940,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57942,57943,57967,57987],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,57944,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,57946,1111],{"class":43},[37,57948,48],{"class":47},[37,57950,519],{"class":51},[37,57952,501],{"class":122},[37,57954,65],{"class":51},[37,57956,4039],{"class":3977},[37,57958,65],{"class":51},[37,57960,890],{"class":122},[37,57962,65],{"class":51},[37,57964,5619],{"class":122},[37,57966,3760],{"class":51},[37,57968,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,57970,92],{"class":91},[37,57972,95],{"class":51},[37,57974,1160],{"class":102},[37,57976,292],{"class":51},[37,57978,265],{"class":102},[37,57980,95],{"class":51},[37,57982,501],{"class":122},[37,57984,5482],{"class":51},[37,57986,51011],{"class":3788},[37,57988,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,57990,92],{"class":91},[37,57992,95],{"class":51},[37,57994,1160],{"class":102},[37,57996,292],{"class":51},[37,57998,265],{"class":102},[37,58000,95],{"class":51},[37,58002,3729],{"class":3977},[37,58004,5482],{"class":51},[37,58006,50864],{"class":3788},[20,58008,4530],{},[20,58010,58011],{},"In Python:",[135,58013,58014,58019],{},[138,58015,58016],{},[15,58017,58018],{},"True == 1",[138,58020,58021],{},[15,58022,58023],{},"False == 0",[20,58025,53745,58026,58028],{},[15,58027,57382],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[307,58030,58032],{"id":58031},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[28,58034,58036],{"className":30,"code":58035,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58037,58038,58080],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58039,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58041,670],{"class":43},[37,58043,48],{"class":47},[37,58045,56385],{"class":51},[37,58047,501],{"class":122},[37,58049,65],{"class":51},[37,58051,890],{"class":122},[37,58053,893],{"class":51},[37,58055,519],{"class":51},[37,58057,1129],{"class":122},[37,58059,65],{"class":51},[37,58061,1134],{"class":122},[37,58063,893],{"class":51},[37,58065,519],{"class":51},[37,58067,501],{"class":122},[37,58069,65],{"class":51},[37,58071,890],{"class":122},[37,58073,893],{"class":51},[37,58075,519],{"class":51},[37,58077,501],{"class":122},[37,58079,53334],{"class":51},[37,58081,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58083,92],{"class":91},[37,58085,95],{"class":51},[37,58087,687],{"class":102},[37,58089,292],{"class":51},[37,58091,265],{"class":102},[37,58093,3115],{"class":51},[37,58095,501],{"class":122},[37,58097,65],{"class":51},[37,58099,890],{"class":122},[37,58101,4854],{"class":51},[37,58103,51506],{"class":3788},[20,58105,58106],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[130,58108,58110],{"id":58109},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[307,58112,58114],{"id":58113},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[28,58116,58118],{"className":30,"code":58117,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58119,58120,58148,58166,58170],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58121,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58123,207],{"class":43},[37,58125,48],{"class":47},[37,58127,519],{"class":51},[37,58129,214],{"class":122},[37,58131,65],{"class":51},[37,58133,219],{"class":122},[37,58135,65],{"class":51},[37,58137,6125],{"class":122},[37,58139,65],{"class":51},[37,58141,224],{"class":122},[37,58143,65],{"class":51},[37,58145,6125],{"class":122},[37,58147,3760],{"class":51},[37,58149,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58151,2362],{"class":43},[37,58153,48],{"class":47},[37,58155,4383],{"class":43},[37,58157,292],{"class":51},[37,58159,265],{"class":102},[37,58161,95],{"class":51},[37,58163,214],{"class":122},[37,58165,85],{"class":51},[37,58167,58168],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,58169,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,58171,58172,58174,58176,58178],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,58173,92],{"class":91},[37,58175,95],{"class":51},[37,58177,2397],{"class":102},[37,58179,85],{"class":51},[20,58181,112],{},[28,58183,58184],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,58185,58186],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58187,58188],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58189,115],{"class":122},[307,58191,58193],{"id":58192},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[28,58195,58197],{"className":30,"code":58196,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58198,58199,58241,58263,58267],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58200,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58237,58239],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58202,965],{"class":43},[37,58204,48],{"class":47},[37,58206,519],{"class":51},[37,58208,56],{"class":55},[37,58210,37149],{"class":59},[37,58212,56],{"class":55},[37,58214,65],{"class":51},[37,58216,68],{"class":55},[37,58218,58219],{"class":59},"dog",[37,58221,56],{"class":55},[37,58223,65],{"class":51},[37,58225,68],{"class":55},[37,58227,37149],{"class":59},[37,58229,56],{"class":55},[37,58231,65],{"class":51},[37,58233,68],{"class":55},[37,58235,58236],{"class":59},"bird",[37,58238,56],{"class":55},[37,58240,3760],{"class":51},[37,58242,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58244,2362],{"class":43},[37,58246,48],{"class":47},[37,58248,6289],{"class":43},[37,58250,292],{"class":51},[37,58252,265],{"class":102},[37,58254,95],{"class":51},[37,58256,56],{"class":55},[37,58258,37149],{"class":59},[37,58260,56],{"class":55},[37,58262,85],{"class":51},[37,58264,58265],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,58266,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,58268,58269,58271,58273,58275],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,58270,92],{"class":91},[37,58272,95],{"class":51},[37,58274,2397],{"class":102},[37,58276,85],{"class":51},[20,58278,112],{},[28,58280,58281],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,58282,58283],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58284,58285],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58286,1008],{"class":122},[307,58288,58290],{"id":58289},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[28,58292,58294],{"className":30,"code":58293,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58295,58296,58320,58338,58342],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58299,207],{"class":43},[37,58301,48],{"class":47},[37,58303,519],{"class":51},[37,58305,501],{"class":122},[37,58307,65],{"class":51},[37,58309,890],{"class":122},[37,58311,65],{"class":51},[37,58313,513],{"class":122},[37,58315,65],{"class":51},[37,58317,1134],{"class":122},[37,58319,3760],{"class":51},[37,58321,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58323,2362],{"class":43},[37,58325,48],{"class":47},[37,58327,4383],{"class":43},[37,58329,292],{"class":51},[37,58331,265],{"class":102},[37,58333,95],{"class":51},[37,58335,446],{"class":122},[37,58337,85],{"class":51},[37,58339,58340],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,58341,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,58343,58344,58346,58348,58350],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,58345,92],{"class":91},[37,58347,95],{"class":51},[37,58349,2397],{"class":102},[37,58351,85],{"class":51},[20,58353,112],{},[28,58355,58356],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,58357,58358],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58359,58360],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58361,419],{"class":122},[307,58363,58365],{"id":58364},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[28,58367,58369],{"className":30,"code":58368,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58370,58371,58417,58439,58443],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58372,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58374,494],{"class":43},[37,58376,48],{"class":47},[37,58378,56385],{"class":51},[37,58380,501],{"class":122},[37,58382,65],{"class":51},[37,58384,890],{"class":122},[37,58386,893],{"class":51},[37,58388,519],{"class":51},[37,58390,501],{"class":122},[37,58392,65],{"class":51},[37,58394,890],{"class":122},[37,58396,893],{"class":51},[37,58398,519],{"class":51},[37,58400,508],{"class":122},[37,58402,65],{"class":51},[37,58404,513],{"class":122},[37,58406,893],{"class":51},[37,58408,519],{"class":51},[37,58410,501],{"class":122},[37,58412,65],{"class":51},[37,58414,890],{"class":122},[37,58416,53334],{"class":51},[37,58418,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58420,2362],{"class":43},[37,58422,48],{"class":47},[37,58424,14676],{"class":43},[37,58426,292],{"class":51},[37,58428,265],{"class":102},[37,58430,3115],{"class":51},[37,58432,501],{"class":122},[37,58434,65],{"class":51},[37,58436,890],{"class":122},[37,58438,530],{"class":51},[37,58440,58441],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,58442,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,58444,58445,58447,58449,58451],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,58446,92],{"class":91},[37,58448,95],{"class":51},[37,58450,2397],{"class":102},[37,58452,85],{"class":51},[20,58454,112],{},[28,58456,58457],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,58458,58459],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58460,58461],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58462,115],{"class":122},[130,58464,5080,58466],{"id":58465},"when-to-use-count",[15,58467,57382],{},[20,58469,22,58470,58472],{},[15,58471,57382],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58474,58475],{},"Good use cases:",[135,58477,58478,58481,58484],{},[138,58479,58480],{},"counting one specific item",[138,58482,58483],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[138,58485,58486],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58488,197],{},[28,58490,58492],{"className":30,"code":58491,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58493,58494,58535,58559,58563],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58495,58496,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58497,58498],{"class":43},"votes ",[37,58500,48],{"class":47},[37,58502,519],{"class":51},[37,58504,56],{"class":55},[37,58506,8776],{"class":59},[37,58508,56],{"class":55},[37,58510,65],{"class":51},[37,58512,68],{"class":55},[37,58514,8715],{"class":59},[37,58516,56],{"class":55},[37,58518,65],{"class":51},[37,58520,68],{"class":55},[37,58522,8776],{"class":59},[37,58524,56],{"class":55},[37,58526,65],{"class":51},[37,58528,68],{"class":55},[37,58530,8776],{"class":59},[37,58532,56],{"class":55},[37,58534,3760],{"class":51},[37,58536,58537,58540,58542,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58538,58539],{"class":43},"yes_votes ",[37,58541,48],{"class":47},[37,58543,58544],{"class":43}," votes",[37,58546,292],{"class":51},[37,58548,265],{"class":102},[37,58550,95],{"class":51},[37,58552,56],{"class":55},[37,58554,8776],{"class":59},[37,58556,56],{"class":55},[37,58558,85],{"class":51},[37,58560,58561],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,58562,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,58564,58565,58567,58569,58572],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,58566,92],{"class":91},[37,58568,95],{"class":51},[37,58570,58571],{"class":102},"yes_votes",[37,58573,85],{"class":51},[20,58575,58576,58578],{},[15,58577,57382],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58580,58581,58582,851,58584,292],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[285,58583,52863],{"href":51072},[285,58585,58587],{"href":58586},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[130,58589,1854],{"id":1853},[20,58591,8565,58592,292],{},[15,58593,57387],{},[307,58595,58597],{"id":58596},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58599,58600,58602],{},[15,58601,57387],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[28,58604,58606],{"className":30,"code":58605,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58607,58608,58641],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58609,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58621,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58611,965],{"class":43},[37,58613,48],{"class":47},[37,58615,519],{"class":51},[37,58617,56],{"class":55},[37,58619,58620],{"class":59},"apple pie",[37,58622,56],{"class":55},[37,58624,65],{"class":51},[37,58626,68],{"class":55},[37,58628,338],{"class":59},[37,58630,56],{"class":55},[37,58632,65],{"class":51},[37,58634,68],{"class":55},[37,58636,58620],{"class":59},[37,58638,56],{"class":55},[37,58640,3760],{"class":51},[37,58642,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58644,92],{"class":91},[37,58646,95],{"class":51},[37,58648,999],{"class":102},[37,58650,292],{"class":51},[37,58652,265],{"class":102},[37,58654,95],{"class":51},[37,58656,56],{"class":55},[37,58658,329],{"class":59},[37,58660,56],{"class":55},[37,58662,5482],{"class":51},[37,58664,51340],{"class":3788},[20,58666,2619,58667,2623],{},[15,58668,1070],{},[20,58670,29168,58671,58673,58674,292],{},[15,58672,57925],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58675,58676],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58678,58679,58680,292],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58681,58682],{},"str.count()",[307,58684,1880,58686,8573,58688,3006,58690],{"id":58685},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58687,57382],{},[15,58689,3729],{},[15,58691,3799],{},[20,58693,58694,58696],{},[15,58695,57382],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[28,58698,58700],{"className":30,"code":58699,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58701,58702,58726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58703,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58705,207],{"class":43},[37,58707,48],{"class":47},[37,58709,519],{"class":51},[37,58711,501],{"class":122},[37,58713,65],{"class":51},[37,58715,890],{"class":122},[37,58717,65],{"class":51},[37,58719,890],{"class":122},[37,58721,65],{"class":51},[37,58723,513],{"class":122},[37,58725,3760],{"class":51},[37,58727,58728,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58729,92],{"class":91},[37,58731,95],{"class":51},[37,58733,246],{"class":102},[37,58735,292],{"class":51},[37,58737,265],{"class":102},[37,58739,95],{"class":51},[37,58741,508],{"class":122},[37,58743,5482],{"class":51},[37,58745,51506],{"class":3788},[20,58747,58748],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[28,58750,58752],{"className":30,"code":58751,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58753,58754],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58755,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58757,92],{"class":91},[37,58759,95],{"class":51},[37,58761,508],{"class":122},[37,58763,21280],{"class":1483},[37,58765,4383],{"class":102},[37,58767,18],{"class":51},[37,58769,3789],{"class":3788},[307,58771,58773],{"id":58772},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[28,58775,58777],{"className":30,"code":58776,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58778,58779,58812],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58780,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58808,58810],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58782,5114],{"class":43},[37,58784,48],{"class":47},[37,58786,519],{"class":51},[37,58788,56],{"class":55},[37,58790,7799],{"class":59},[37,58792,56],{"class":55},[37,58794,65],{"class":51},[37,58796,68],{"class":55},[37,58798,20325],{"class":59},[37,58800,56],{"class":55},[37,58802,65],{"class":51},[37,58804,68],{"class":55},[37,58806,58807],{"class":59},"SAM",[37,58809,56],{"class":55},[37,58811,3760],{"class":51},[37,58813,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58815,92],{"class":91},[37,58817,95],{"class":51},[37,58819,5158],{"class":102},[37,58821,292],{"class":51},[37,58823,265],{"class":102},[37,58825,95],{"class":51},[37,58827,56],{"class":55},[37,58829,20325],{"class":59},[37,58831,56],{"class":55},[37,58833,5482],{"class":51},[37,58835,27886],{"class":3788},[20,58837,58838,58839,58842],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58840,58841],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[307,58844,29757,58846,33655],{"id":58845},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58847,57382],{},[20,58849,58850],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[28,58852,58854],{"className":30,"code":58853,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58855,58856,58866,58880,58898,58912,58924],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,58857,58858,58860,58862,58864],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,58859,92],{"class":91},[37,58861,95],{"class":51},[37,58863,8457],{"class":102},[37,58865,85],{"class":51},[37,58867,58868,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,58869,92],{"class":91},[37,58871,95],{"class":51},[37,58873,757],{"class":756},[37,58875,95],{"class":51},[37,58877,8457],{"class":102},[37,58879,106],{"class":51},[37,58881,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,58883,92],{"class":91},[37,58885,95],{"class":51},[37,58887,8457],{"class":102},[37,58889,292],{"class":51},[37,58891,265],{"class":102},[37,58893,95],{"class":51},[37,58895,1215],{"class":102},[37,58897,106],{"class":51},[37,58899,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,58901,92],{"class":91},[37,58903,95],{"class":51},[37,58905,1194],{"class":102},[37,58907,1773],{"class":1483},[37,58909,8514],{"class":102},[37,58911,85],{"class":51},[37,58913,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,58915,1767],{"class":1483},[37,58917,6082],{"class":43},[37,58919,1773],{"class":1483},[37,58921,8514],{"class":43},[37,58923,1501],{"class":51},[37,58925,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,58927,1506],{"class":91},[37,58929,95],{"class":51},[37,58931,41879],{"class":91},[37,58933,95],{"class":51},[37,58935,23417],{"class":102},[37,58937,106],{"class":51},[20,58939,58940],{},"These checks can help you see:",[135,58942,58943,58946,58949],{},[138,58944,58945],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[138,58947,58948],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[138,58950,58951],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58953,58954],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[135,58956,58957,58962,58965,58972],{},[138,58958,50585,58959,58961],{},[15,58960,57382],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[138,58963,58964],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[138,58966,11222,58967,58969,58970],{},[15,58968,57387],{}," with string ",[15,58971,57382],{},[138,58973,58974],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[130,58976,1969],{"id":1968},[307,58978,1983,58980,58982],{"id":58979},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58981,57387],{}," change the list?",[20,58984,58985],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[307,58987,58989],{"id":58988},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58991,12023,58992,292],{},[15,58993,1070],{},[307,58995,5290,58997,58999],{"id":58996},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58998,57387],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59001,59002],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[307,59004,15013,59006,59008],{"id":59005},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59007,57387],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59010,42252,59011,851,59013,59015],{},[15,59012,57928],{},[15,59014,57925],{}," are different values.",[307,59017,5278,59019,59021,59022,2623],{"id":59018},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59020,3729],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59023,501],{},[20,59025,8904,59026,59028,59029,851,59031,59028,59033,292],{},[15,59027,3729],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59030,501],{},[15,59032,3799],{},[15,59034,1070],{},[130,59036,2025],{"id":2024},[135,59038,59039,59043,59049,59053,59061,59068],{},[138,59040,59041],{},[285,59042,52863],{"href":51072},[138,59044,59045],{},[285,59046,59048],{"href":59047},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[138,59050,59051],{},[285,59052,7057],{"href":6318},[138,59054,59055],{},[285,59056,55611,59058,10856],{"href":59057},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59059,59060],{},"index()",[138,59062,59063],{},[285,59064,288,59066],{"href":59065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59067,25],{},[138,59069,59070],{},[285,59071,59072],{"href":58586},"What is a list in Python",[2052,59074,59075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":59077},[59078,59079,59081,59082,59083,59089,59095,59097,59105,59116],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":57479,"depth":88,"text":59080},"What list.count() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":38121,"depth":88,"text":38122},{"id":57801,"depth":88,"text":57802,"children":59084},[59085,59086,59088],{"id":57833,"depth":251,"text":57834},{"id":57932,"depth":251,"text":59087},"1 and True can match",{"id":58031,"depth":251,"text":58032},{"id":58109,"depth":88,"text":58110,"children":59090},[59091,59092,59093,59094],{"id":58113,"depth":251,"text":58114},{"id":58192,"depth":251,"text":58193},{"id":58289,"depth":251,"text":58290},{"id":58364,"depth":251,"text":58365},{"id":58465,"depth":88,"text":59096},"When to use count()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":59098},[59099,59100,59102,59103],{"id":58596,"depth":251,"text":58597},{"id":58685,"depth":251,"text":59101},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58772,"depth":251,"text":58773},{"id":58845,"depth":251,"text":59104},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":59106},[59107,59109,59110,59112,59114],{"id":58979,"depth":251,"text":59108},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58988,"depth":251,"text":58989},{"id":58996,"depth":251,"text":59111},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59005,"depth":251,"text":59113},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59018,"depth":251,"text":59115},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57374,"description":59117},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59124,"title":59125,"body":59126,"description":61087,"extension":2099,"meta":61088,"navigation":254,"path":61089,"seo":61090,"stem":61091,"__hash__":61092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59127,"toc":61050},[59128,59131,59134,59136,59264,59268,59349,59360,59362,59381,59385,59388,59391,59409,59411,59454,59458,59483,59492,59496,59501,59504,59619,59623,59692,59696,59708,59712,59715,59756,59760,59773,59776,59861,59865,59898,59905,59911,59916,59918,59930,59934,59967,59971,60003,60007,60044,60048,60068,60072,60106,60110,60139,60150,60154,60157,60160,60173,60230,60234,60273,60279,60282,60284,60287,60291,60294,60319,60321,60346,60353,60356,60401,60405,60424,60427,60466,60473,60478,60512,60516,60617,60624,60657,60661,60687,60691,60694,60732,60735,60772,60776,60779,60798,60802,60863,60865,60883,60887,60890,60893,60922,60924,60928,60931,60939,60943,60946,60966,60972,60978,60982,60985,60992,61000,61002,61041,61047],[10,59129,59125],{"id":59130},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59132,59133],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[130,59135,3734],{"id":3733},[28,59137,59139],{"className":30,"code":59138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59140,59141,59161,59193,59201,59219,59223,59233,59243,59254],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59142,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59144,207],{"class":43},[37,59146,48],{"class":47},[37,59148,519],{"class":51},[37,59150,501],{"class":122},[37,59152,65],{"class":51},[37,59154,890],{"class":122},[37,59156,65],{"class":51},[37,59158,513],{"class":122},[37,59160,3760],{"class":51},[37,59162,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173,59175,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59164,5114],{"class":43},[37,59166,48],{"class":47},[37,59168,519],{"class":51},[37,59170,56],{"class":55},[37,59172,1646],{"class":59},[37,59174,56],{"class":55},[37,59176,65],{"class":51},[37,59178,68],{"class":55},[37,59180,36050],{"class":59},[37,59182,56],{"class":55},[37,59184,65],{"class":51},[37,59186,68],{"class":55},[37,59188,36059],{"class":59},[37,59190,56],{"class":55},[37,59192,3760],{"class":51},[37,59194,59195,59197,59199],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59196,56022],{"class":43},[37,59198,48],{"class":47},[37,59200,7958],{"class":51},[37,59202,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,59204,1729],{"class":43},[37,59206,48],{"class":47},[37,59208,22666],{"class":756},[37,59210,95],{"class":51},[37,59212,56],{"class":55},[37,59214,41660],{"class":59},[37,59216,56],{"class":55},[37,59218,85],{"class":51},[37,59220,59221],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,59222,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,59224,59225,59227,59229,59231],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,59226,92],{"class":91},[37,59228,95],{"class":51},[37,59230,246],{"class":102},[37,59232,85],{"class":51},[37,59234,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,59236,92],{"class":91},[37,59238,95],{"class":51},[37,59240,5158],{"class":102},[37,59242,85],{"class":51},[37,59244,59245,59247,59249,59252],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,59246,92],{"class":91},[37,59248,95],{"class":51},[37,59250,59251],{"class":102},"empty_list",[37,59253,85],{"class":51},[37,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,59257,92],{"class":91},[37,59259,95],{"class":51},[37,59261,1785],{"class":102},[37,59263,85],{"class":51},[20,59265,59266],{},[110,59267,112],{},[28,59269,59271],{"className":30,"code":59270,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59272,59273,59289,59317,59321],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59274,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59276,1067],{"class":51},[37,59278,501],{"class":122},[37,59280,65],{"class":51},[37,59282,890],{"class":122},[37,59284,65],{"class":51},[37,59286,513],{"class":122},[37,59288,3760],{"class":51},[37,59290,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59292,1067],{"class":51},[37,59294,821],{"class":55},[37,59296,1646],{"class":59},[37,59298,821],{"class":55},[37,59300,65],{"class":51},[37,59302,815],{"class":55},[37,59304,36050],{"class":59},[37,59306,821],{"class":55},[37,59308,65],{"class":51},[37,59310,815],{"class":55},[37,59312,36059],{"class":59},[37,59314,821],{"class":55},[37,59316,3760],{"class":51},[37,59318,59319],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59320,38399],{"class":51},[37,59322,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,59324,1067],{"class":51},[37,59326,821],{"class":55},[37,59328,285],{"class":59},[37,59330,821],{"class":55},[37,59332,65],{"class":51},[37,59334,815],{"class":55},[37,59336,777],{"class":59},[37,59338,821],{"class":55},[37,59340,65],{"class":51},[37,59342,815],{"class":55},[37,59344,1754],{"class":59},[37,59346,821],{"class":55},[37,59348,3760],{"class":51},[20,59350,59351,59352,59354,59355,59357,59358,292],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59353,3913],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59356,24888],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59359,36301],{},[130,59361,133],{"id":132},[135,59363,59364,59367,59370,59373,59378],{},[138,59365,59366],{},"What a list is in Python",[138,59368,59369],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[138,59371,59372],{},"How to create an empty list",[138,59374,59375,59376,2436],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59377,24888],{},[138,59379,59380],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[130,59382,59384],{"id":59383},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59386,59387],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59389,59390],{},"This means:",[135,59392,59393,59396,59399,59402],{},[138,59394,59395],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[138,59397,59398],{},"The order of items is kept",[138,59400,59401],{},"A list can hold different data types",[138,59403,59404,59405,59408],{},"A list is ",[110,59406,59407],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59410,197],{},[28,59412,59414],{"className":30,"code":59413,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59415,59416,59440,59444],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59417,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59419,670],{"class":43},[37,59421,48],{"class":47},[37,59423,519],{"class":51},[37,59425,56],{"class":55},[37,59427,329],{"class":59},[37,59429,56],{"class":55},[37,59431,65],{"class":51},[37,59433,6125],{"class":122},[37,59435,65],{"class":51},[37,59437,4039],{"class":3977},[37,59439,3760],{"class":51},[37,59441,59442],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59443,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,59445,59446,59448,59450,59452],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59447,92],{"class":91},[37,59449,95],{"class":51},[37,59451,687],{"class":102},[37,59453,85],{"class":51},[20,59455,59456],{},[110,59457,112],{},[28,59459,59461],{"className":30,"code":59460,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59462,59463],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59464,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59466,1067],{"class":51},[37,59468,821],{"class":55},[37,59470,329],{"class":59},[37,59472,821],{"class":55},[37,59474,65],{"class":51},[37,59476,6125],{"class":122},[37,59478,65],{"class":51},[37,59480,4039],{"class":3977},[37,59482,3760],{"class":51},[20,59484,59485,59486,3006,59489,292],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[285,59487,59488],{"href":51072},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[285,59490,59491],{"href":58586},"What is a List in Python?",[130,59493,59495],{"id":59494},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59497,59351,59498,59500],{},[15,59499,3913],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59502,59503],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[28,59505,59507],{"className":30,"code":59506,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59508,59509,59529,59561,59585,59589,59599,59609],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59512,207],{"class":43},[37,59514,48],{"class":47},[37,59516,519],{"class":51},[37,59518,501],{"class":122},[37,59520,65],{"class":51},[37,59522,890],{"class":122},[37,59524,65],{"class":51},[37,59526,513],{"class":122},[37,59528,3760],{"class":51},[37,59530,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59532,5114],{"class":43},[37,59534,48],{"class":47},[37,59536,519],{"class":51},[37,59538,56],{"class":55},[37,59540,1646],{"class":59},[37,59542,56],{"class":55},[37,59544,65],{"class":51},[37,59546,68],{"class":55},[37,59548,36050],{"class":59},[37,59550,56],{"class":55},[37,59552,65],{"class":51},[37,59554,68],{"class":55},[37,59556,36059],{"class":59},[37,59558,56],{"class":55},[37,59560,3760],{"class":51},[37,59562,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59564,869],{"class":43},[37,59566,48],{"class":47},[37,59568,519],{"class":51},[37,59570,214],{"class":122},[37,59572,65],{"class":51},[37,59574,68],{"class":55},[37,59576,3970],{"class":59},[37,59578,56],{"class":55},[37,59580,65],{"class":51},[37,59582,4030],{"class":3977},[37,59584,3760],{"class":51},[37,59586,59587],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,59588,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,59590,59591,59593,59595,59597],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,59592,92],{"class":91},[37,59594,95],{"class":51},[37,59596,246],{"class":102},[37,59598,85],{"class":51},[37,59600,59601,59603,59605,59607],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,59602,92],{"class":91},[37,59604,95],{"class":51},[37,59606,5158],{"class":102},[37,59608,85],{"class":51},[37,59610,59611,59613,59615,59617],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,59612,92],{"class":91},[37,59614,95],{"class":51},[37,59616,926],{"class":102},[37,59618,85],{"class":51},[20,59620,59621],{},[110,59622,112],{},[28,59624,59626],{"className":30,"code":59625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59627,59628,59644,59672],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59629,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59631,1067],{"class":51},[37,59633,501],{"class":122},[37,59635,65],{"class":51},[37,59637,890],{"class":122},[37,59639,65],{"class":51},[37,59641,513],{"class":122},[37,59643,3760],{"class":51},[37,59645,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59647,1067],{"class":51},[37,59649,821],{"class":55},[37,59651,1646],{"class":59},[37,59653,821],{"class":55},[37,59655,65],{"class":51},[37,59657,815],{"class":55},[37,59659,36050],{"class":59},[37,59661,821],{"class":55},[37,59663,65],{"class":51},[37,59665,815],{"class":55},[37,59667,36059],{"class":59},[37,59669,821],{"class":55},[37,59671,3760],{"class":51},[37,59673,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59675,1067],{"class":51},[37,59677,214],{"class":122},[37,59679,65],{"class":51},[37,59681,815],{"class":55},[37,59683,3970],{"class":59},[37,59685,821],{"class":55},[37,59687,65],{"class":51},[37,59689,4030],{"class":3977},[37,59691,3760],{"class":51},[307,59693,59695],{"id":59694},"key-points","Key points",[135,59697,59698,59703,59705],{},[138,59699,22,59700,59702],{},[15,59701,3913],{}," to make a new list",[138,59704,15541],{},[138,59706,59707],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[130,59709,59711],{"id":59710},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59713,59714],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[28,59716,59718],{"className":30,"code":59717,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59719,59720,59728,59732,59742],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59721,59722,59724,59726],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59723,8426],{"class":43},[37,59725,48],{"class":47},[37,59727,7958],{"class":51},[37,59729,59730],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59731,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,59733,59734,59736,59738,59740],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59735,92],{"class":91},[37,59737,95],{"class":51},[37,59739,8457],{"class":102},[37,59741,85],{"class":51},[37,59743,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,59745,92],{"class":91},[37,59747,95],{"class":51},[37,59749,17],{"class":91},[37,59751,95],{"class":51},[37,59753,8457],{"class":102},[37,59755,106],{"class":51},[20,59757,59758],{},[110,59759,112],{},[28,59761,59763],{"className":30,"code":59762,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[]\n0\n",[15,59764,59765,59769],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59766,59767],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59768,38399],{"class":51},[37,59770,59771],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59772,419],{"class":122},[20,59774,59775],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[28,59777,59779],{"className":30,"code":59778,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59780,59781,59789,59793,59811,59829,59847,59851],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59782,59783,59785,59787],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59784,5114],{"class":43},[37,59786,48],{"class":47},[37,59788,7958],{"class":51},[37,59790,59791],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59792,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,59794,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,59796,5158],{"class":43},[37,59798,292],{"class":51},[37,59800,13662],{"class":102},[37,59802,95],{"class":51},[37,59804,56],{"class":55},[37,59806,1646],{"class":59},[37,59808,56],{"class":55},[37,59810,85],{"class":51},[37,59812,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,59814,5158],{"class":43},[37,59816,292],{"class":51},[37,59818,13662],{"class":102},[37,59820,95],{"class":51},[37,59822,56],{"class":55},[37,59824,36050],{"class":59},[37,59826,56],{"class":55},[37,59828,85],{"class":51},[37,59830,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,59832,5158],{"class":43},[37,59834,292],{"class":51},[37,59836,13662],{"class":102},[37,59838,95],{"class":51},[37,59840,56],{"class":55},[37,59842,36059],{"class":59},[37,59844,56],{"class":55},[37,59846,85],{"class":51},[37,59848,59849],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,59850,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,59852,59853,59855,59857,59859],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,59854,92],{"class":91},[37,59856,95],{"class":51},[37,59858,5158],{"class":102},[37,59860,85],{"class":51},[20,59862,59863],{},[110,59864,112],{},[28,59866,59868],{"className":30,"code":59867,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59869,59870],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59871,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59873,1067],{"class":51},[37,59875,821],{"class":55},[37,59877,1646],{"class":59},[37,59879,821],{"class":55},[37,59881,65],{"class":51},[37,59883,815],{"class":55},[37,59885,36050],{"class":59},[37,59887,821],{"class":55},[37,59889,65],{"class":51},[37,59891,815],{"class":55},[37,59893,36059],{"class":59},[37,59895,821],{"class":55},[37,59897,3760],{"class":51},[20,59899,59900,59901,292],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[285,59902,59903,10856],{"href":56860},[15,59904,52744],{},[130,59906,59908,59909],{"id":59907},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59910,24888],{},[20,59912,22,59913,59915],{},[15,59914,24888],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59917,5578],{},[135,59919,59920,59922,59924,59926],{},[138,59921,5430],{},[138,59923,5424],{},[138,59925,5427],{},[138,59927,59928],{},[15,59929,36301],{},[307,59931,59933],{"id":59932},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[28,59935,59937],{"className":30,"code":59936,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59938,59939,59957],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59940,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59942,1729],{"class":43},[37,59944,48],{"class":47},[37,59946,22666],{"class":756},[37,59948,95],{"class":51},[37,59950,56],{"class":55},[37,59952,41660],{"class":59},[37,59954,56],{"class":55},[37,59956,85],{"class":51},[37,59958,59959,59961,59963,59965],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,59960,92],{"class":91},[37,59962,95],{"class":51},[37,59964,1785],{"class":102},[37,59966,85],{"class":51},[20,59968,59969],{},[110,59970,112],{},[28,59972,59973],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,59974,59975],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,59976,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,59978,1067],{"class":51},[37,59980,821],{"class":55},[37,59982,285],{"class":59},[37,59984,821],{"class":55},[37,59986,65],{"class":51},[37,59988,815],{"class":55},[37,59990,777],{"class":59},[37,59992,821],{"class":55},[37,59994,65],{"class":51},[37,59996,815],{"class":55},[37,59998,1754],{"class":59},[37,60000,821],{"class":55},[37,60002,3760],{"class":51},[307,60004,60006],{"id":60005},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[28,60008,60010],{"className":30,"code":60009,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60011,60012,60034],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60013,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60015,207],{"class":43},[37,60017,48],{"class":47},[37,60019,22666],{"class":756},[37,60021,5632],{"class":51},[37,60023,501],{"class":122},[37,60025,65],{"class":51},[37,60027,890],{"class":122},[37,60029,65],{"class":51},[37,60031,513],{"class":122},[37,60033,106],{"class":51},[37,60035,60036,60038,60040,60042],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60037,92],{"class":91},[37,60039,95],{"class":51},[37,60041,246],{"class":102},[37,60043,85],{"class":51},[20,60045,60046],{},[110,60047,112],{},[28,60049,60050],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,60051,60052],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60053,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60055,1067],{"class":51},[37,60057,501],{"class":122},[37,60059,65],{"class":51},[37,60061,890],{"class":122},[37,60063,65],{"class":51},[37,60065,513],{"class":122},[37,60067,3760],{"class":51},[307,60069,60071],{"id":60070},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[28,60073,60075],{"className":30,"code":60074,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60076,60077,60096],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60078,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60090,60092,60094],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60080,1111],{"class":43},[37,60082,48],{"class":47},[37,60084,22666],{"class":756},[37,60086,95],{"class":51},[37,60088,60089],{"class":91},"range",[37,60091,95],{"class":51},[37,60093,446],{"class":122},[37,60095,106],{"class":51},[37,60097,60098,60100,60102,60104],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60099,92],{"class":91},[37,60101,95],{"class":51},[37,60103,1160],{"class":102},[37,60105,85],{"class":51},[20,60107,60108],{},[110,60109,112],{},[28,60111,60113],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60114,60115],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60116,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60118,1067],{"class":51},[37,60120,1070],{"class":122},[37,60122,65],{"class":51},[37,60124,5619],{"class":122},[37,60126,65],{"class":51},[37,60128,890],{"class":122},[37,60130,65],{"class":51},[37,60132,513],{"class":122},[37,60134,65],{"class":51},[37,60136,1134],{"class":122},[37,60138,3760],{"class":51},[20,60140,60141,60143,60144,292],{},[15,60142,24888],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[285,60145,60147,60149],{"href":60146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60148,24888],{},": Function Explained",[130,60151,60153],{"id":60152},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60155,60156],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60158,60159],{},"Examples include:",[135,60161,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170],{},[138,60163,5430],{},[138,60165,40525],{},[138,60167,52137],{},[138,60169,40695],{},[138,60171,60172],{},"other lists",[28,60174,60176],{"className":30,"code":60175,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60177,60178,60216,60220],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60179,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60181,494],{"class":43},[37,60183,48],{"class":47},[37,60185,519],{"class":51},[37,60187,56],{"class":55},[37,60189,1646],{"class":59},[37,60191,56],{"class":55},[37,60193,65],{"class":51},[37,60195,1653],{"class":122},[37,60197,65],{"class":51},[37,60199,4039],{"class":3977},[37,60201,65],{"class":51},[37,60203,519],{"class":51},[37,60205,501],{"class":122},[37,60207,65],{"class":51},[37,60209,890],{"class":122},[37,60211,65],{"class":51},[37,60213,513],{"class":122},[37,60215,53334],{"class":51},[37,60217,60218],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60219,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,60221,60222,60224,60226,60228],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,60223,92],{"class":91},[37,60225,95],{"class":51},[37,60227,543],{"class":102},[37,60229,85],{"class":51},[20,60231,60232],{},[110,60233,112],{},[28,60235,60237],{"className":30,"code":60236,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60238,60239],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60240,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60242,1067],{"class":51},[37,60244,821],{"class":55},[37,60246,1646],{"class":59},[37,60248,821],{"class":55},[37,60250,65],{"class":51},[37,60252,1653],{"class":122},[37,60254,65],{"class":51},[37,60256,4039],{"class":3977},[37,60258,65],{"class":51},[37,60260,519],{"class":51},[37,60262,501],{"class":122},[37,60264,65],{"class":51},[37,60266,890],{"class":122},[37,60268,65],{"class":51},[37,60270,513],{"class":122},[37,60272,53334],{"class":51},[20,60274,60275,60276,292],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[110,60277,60278],{},"nested list",[20,60280,60281],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[130,60283,155],{"id":4638},[20,60285,60286],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[307,60288,60290],{"id":60289},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60292,60293],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[28,60295,60297],{"className":30,"code":60296,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60298,60299,60303],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60300,60301],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60302,4655],{"class":3788},[37,60304,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60306,207],{"class":43},[37,60308,48],{"class":47},[37,60310,519],{"class":51},[37,60312,501],{"class":122},[37,60314,890],{"class":122},[37,60316,513],{"class":122},[37,60318,3760],{"class":51},[20,60320,10923],{},[28,60322,60324],{"className":30,"code":60323,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60325,60326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60327,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60329,207],{"class":43},[37,60331,48],{"class":47},[37,60333,519],{"class":51},[37,60335,501],{"class":122},[37,60337,65],{"class":51},[37,60339,890],{"class":122},[37,60341,65],{"class":51},[37,60343,513],{"class":122},[37,60345,3760],{"class":51},[307,60347,1872,60349,1866,60351],{"id":60348},"using-instead-of",[15,60350,7487],{},[15,60352,3913],{},[20,60354,60355],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[28,60357,60359],{"className":30,"code":60358,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60360,60361,60382,60386],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60362,60363,60366,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60364,60365],{"class":43},"my_values ",[37,60367,48],{"class":47},[37,60369,52],{"class":51},[37,60371,501],{"class":122},[37,60373,65],{"class":51},[37,60375,890],{"class":122},[37,60377,65],{"class":51},[37,60379,513],{"class":122},[37,60381,85],{"class":51},[37,60383,60384],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60385,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,60387,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60399],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,60389,92],{"class":91},[37,60391,95],{"class":51},[37,60393,757],{"class":756},[37,60395,95],{"class":51},[37,60397,60398],{"class":102},"my_values",[37,60400,106],{"class":51},[20,60402,60403],{},[110,60404,112],{},[28,60406,60408],{"className":30,"code":60407,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60409,60410],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60411,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60413,808],{"class":47},[37,60415,812],{"class":811},[37,60417,815],{"class":55},[37,60419,835],{"class":59},[37,60421,821],{"class":55},[37,60423,824],{"class":47},[20,60425,60426],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[28,60428,60430],{"className":30,"code":60429,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60431,60432,60452],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60433,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60435,60365],{"class":43},[37,60437,48],{"class":47},[37,60439,519],{"class":51},[37,60441,501],{"class":122},[37,60443,65],{"class":51},[37,60445,890],{"class":122},[37,60447,65],{"class":51},[37,60449,513],{"class":122},[37,60451,3760],{"class":51},[37,60453,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60455,92],{"class":91},[37,60457,95],{"class":51},[37,60459,757],{"class":756},[37,60461,95],{"class":51},[37,60463,60398],{"class":102},[37,60465,106],{"class":51},[307,60467,1880,60469,60472],{"id":60468},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60470,60471],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60474,60475,60477],{},[15,60476,24888],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[28,60479,60481],{"className":30,"code":60480,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60482,60483,60502],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60484,60485,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60498,60500],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60486,2362],{"class":43},[37,60488,48],{"class":47},[37,60490,22666],{"class":756},[37,60492,95],{"class":51},[37,60494,56],{"class":55},[37,60496,60497],{"class":59},"hello world",[37,60499,56],{"class":55},[37,60501,85],{"class":51},[37,60503,60504,60506,60508,60510],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60505,92],{"class":91},[37,60507,95],{"class":51},[37,60509,2397],{"class":102},[37,60511,85],{"class":51},[20,60513,60514],{},[110,60515,112],{},[28,60517,60519],{"className":30,"code":60518,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60520,60521],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60522,60523,60525,60527,60530,60532,60534,60536,60539,60541,60543,60545,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60524,1067],{"class":51},[37,60526,821],{"class":55},[37,60528,60529],{"class":59},"h",[37,60531,821],{"class":55},[37,60533,65],{"class":51},[37,60535,815],{"class":55},[37,60537,60538],{"class":59},"e",[37,60540,821],{"class":55},[37,60542,65],{"class":51},[37,60544,815],{"class":55},[37,60546,60547],{"class":59},"l",[37,60549,821],{"class":55},[37,60551,65],{"class":51},[37,60553,815],{"class":55},[37,60555,60547],{"class":59},[37,60557,821],{"class":55},[37,60559,65],{"class":51},[37,60561,815],{"class":55},[37,60563,60564],{"class":59},"o",[37,60566,821],{"class":55},[37,60568,65],{"class":51},[37,60570,815],{"class":55},[37,60572,815],{"class":55},[37,60574,65],{"class":51},[37,60576,815],{"class":55},[37,60578,60579],{"class":59},"w",[37,60581,821],{"class":55},[37,60583,65],{"class":51},[37,60585,815],{"class":55},[37,60587,60564],{"class":59},[37,60589,821],{"class":55},[37,60591,65],{"class":51},[37,60593,815],{"class":55},[37,60595,60596],{"class":59},"r",[37,60598,821],{"class":55},[37,60600,65],{"class":51},[37,60602,815],{"class":55},[37,60604,60547],{"class":59},[37,60606,821],{"class":55},[37,60608,65],{"class":51},[37,60610,815],{"class":55},[37,60612,18875],{"class":59},[37,60614,821],{"class":55},[37,60616,3760],{"class":51},[20,60618,60619,60620,60623],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60621,60622],{},"split()"," instead:",[28,60625,60627],{"className":30,"code":60626,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60628,60629,60647],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60630,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60632,965],{"class":43},[37,60634,48],{"class":47},[37,60636,68],{"class":55},[37,60638,60497],{"class":59},[37,60640,56],{"class":55},[37,60642,292],{"class":51},[37,60644,34576],{"class":102},[37,60646,8761],{"class":51},[37,60648,60649,60651,60653,60655],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60650,92],{"class":91},[37,60652,95],{"class":51},[37,60654,999],{"class":102},[37,60656,85],{"class":51},[20,60658,60659],{},[110,60660,112],{},[28,60662,60664],{"className":30,"code":60663,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60665,60666],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60667,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60683,60685],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60669,1067],{"class":51},[37,60671,821],{"class":55},[37,60673,3970],{"class":59},[37,60675,821],{"class":55},[37,60677,65],{"class":51},[37,60679,815],{"class":55},[37,60681,60682],{"class":59},"world",[37,60684,821],{"class":55},[37,60686,3760],{"class":51},[307,60688,60690],{"id":60689},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60692,60693],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[28,60695,60697],{"className":30,"code":60696,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60698,60699,60703],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60700,60701],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60702,4655],{"class":3788},[37,60704,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60724,60726,60728,60730],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60706,5114],{"class":43},[37,60708,48],{"class":47},[37,60710,519],{"class":51},[37,60712,56],{"class":55},[37,60714,1646],{"class":59},[37,60716,56],{"class":55},[37,60718,65],{"class":51},[37,60720,68],{"class":55},[37,60722,60723],{"class":59},"Ben', ",[37,60725,56],{"class":55},[37,60727,36059],{"class":43},[37,60729,56],{"class":55},[37,60731,3760],{"class":59},[20,60733,60734],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[28,60736,60738],{"className":30,"code":60737,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60739,60740],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60741,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60743,5114],{"class":43},[37,60745,48],{"class":47},[37,60747,519],{"class":51},[37,60749,56],{"class":55},[37,60751,1646],{"class":59},[37,60753,56],{"class":55},[37,60755,65],{"class":51},[37,60757,68],{"class":55},[37,60759,36050],{"class":59},[37,60761,56],{"class":55},[37,60763,65],{"class":51},[37,60765,68],{"class":55},[37,60767,36059],{"class":59},[37,60769,56],{"class":55},[37,60771,3760],{"class":51},[307,60773,60775],{"id":60774},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60777,60778],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[135,60780,60781,60784,60787,60792],{},[138,60782,60783],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[138,60785,60786],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[138,60788,60789,60790],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60791,24888],{},[138,60793,1880,60794,60797],{},[15,60795,60796],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[307,60799,60801],{"id":60800},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[28,60803,60805],{"className":30,"code":60804,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60806,60807,60817,60831,60845],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60808,60809,60811,60813,60815],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60810,92],{"class":91},[37,60812,95],{"class":51},[37,60814,8457],{"class":102},[37,60816,85],{"class":51},[37,60818,60819,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,60820,92],{"class":91},[37,60822,95],{"class":51},[37,60824,757],{"class":756},[37,60826,95],{"class":51},[37,60828,8457],{"class":102},[37,60830,106],{"class":51},[37,60832,60833,60835,60837,60839,60841,60843],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,60834,92],{"class":91},[37,60836,95],{"class":51},[37,60838,17],{"class":91},[37,60840,95],{"class":51},[37,60842,8457],{"class":102},[37,60844,106],{"class":51},[37,60846,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,60848,92],{"class":91},[37,60850,95],{"class":51},[37,60852,8213],{"class":756},[37,60854,95],{"class":51},[37,60856,60089],{"class":91},[37,60858,95],{"class":51},[37,60860,446],{"class":122},[37,60862,3041],{"class":51},[20,60864,26115],{},[135,60866,60867,60870,60873,60876],{},[138,60868,60869],{},"what the list contains",[138,60871,60872],{},"whether the value is really a list",[138,60874,60875],{},"how many items it has",[138,60877,1957,60878,60880,60881],{},[15,60879,24888],{}," does with ",[15,60882,36301],{},[130,60884,60886],{"id":60885},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60888,60889],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60891,60892],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[135,60894,60895,60910,60915],{},[138,60896,22,60897,2321,60901,17181,60905,60909],{},[285,60898,60899],{"href":56860},[15,60900,52744],{},[285,60902,60903],{"href":53436},[15,60904,53538],{},[285,60906,60907],{"href":54000},[15,60908,54359],{}," to add items later",[138,60911,22,60912,60914],{},[285,60913,59488],{"href":51072}," for a broader introduction",[138,60916,22,60917,60921],{},[285,60918,60919,60149],{"href":60146},[15,60920,24888],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[130,60923,1969],{"id":1968},[307,60925,60927],{"id":60926},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60929,60930],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[28,60932,60933],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,60934,60935],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60936,60937],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60938,38399],{"class":51},[307,60940,60942],{"id":60941},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60944,60945],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[28,60947,60948],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,60949,60950],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,60951,60952,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,60953,1067],{"class":51},[37,60955,501],{"class":122},[37,60957,65],{"class":51},[37,60959,890],{"class":122},[37,60961,65],{"class":51},[37,60963,513],{"class":122},[37,60965,3760],{"class":51},[307,60967,5262,60969,60971],{"id":60968},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60970,24888],{}," do in Python?",[20,60973,60974,60975,60977],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60976,36301],{},", into a list.",[307,60979,60981],{"id":60980},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60983,60984],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[307,60986,5300,60988,851,60990,2623],{"id":60987},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60989,3913],{},[15,60991,7487],{},[20,60993,60994,60996,60997,60999],{},[15,60995,3913],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60998,7487],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[130,61001,2025],{"id":2024},[135,61003,61004,61008,61014,61020,61026,61032,61036],{},[138,61005,61006],{},[285,61007,59488],{"href":51072},[138,61009,61010],{},[285,61011,55611,61012,11437],{"href":56860},[15,61013,52744],{},[138,61015,61016],{},[285,61017,55611,61018,11437],{"href":53436},[15,61019,53538],{},[138,61021,61022],{},[285,61023,55611,61024,11437],{"href":54000},[15,61025,54359],{},[138,61027,61028],{},[285,61029,288,61030,3704],{"href":60146},[15,61031,24888],{},[138,61033,61034],{},[285,61035,59491],{"href":58586},[138,61037,61038],{},[285,61039,61040],{"href":12177},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61042,61043,61044,61046],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61045,52744],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2052,61048,61049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":61051},[61052,61053,61054,61055,61058,61059,61065,61066,61076,61077,61086],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":59383,"depth":88,"text":59384},{"id":59494,"depth":88,"text":59495,"children":61056},[61057],{"id":59694,"depth":251,"text":59695},{"id":59710,"depth":88,"text":59711},{"id":59907,"depth":88,"text":61060,"children":61061},"Create a list with list()",[61062,61063,61064],{"id":59932,"depth":251,"text":59933},{"id":60005,"depth":251,"text":60006},{"id":60070,"depth":251,"text":60071},{"id":60152,"depth":88,"text":60153},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":61067},[61068,61069,61071,61073,61074,61075],{"id":60289,"depth":251,"text":60290},{"id":60348,"depth":251,"text":61070},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60468,"depth":251,"text":61072},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60689,"depth":251,"text":60690},{"id":60774,"depth":251,"text":60775},{"id":60800,"depth":251,"text":60801},{"id":60885,"depth":88,"text":60886},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":61078},[61079,61080,61081,61083,61084],{"id":60926,"depth":251,"text":60927},{"id":60941,"depth":251,"text":60942},{"id":60968,"depth":251,"text":61082},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60980,"depth":251,"text":60981},{"id":60987,"depth":251,"text":61085},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59125,"description":61087},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61094,"title":61095,"body":61096,"description":62837,"extension":2099,"meta":62838,"navigation":254,"path":62839,"seo":62840,"stem":62841,"__hash__":62842},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61097,"toc":62792},[61098,61103,61108,61111,61113,61184,61189,61194,61198,61212,61217,61219,61239,61244,61247,61270,61274,61279,61371,61373,61395,61401,61407,61414,61421,61427,61484,61490,61548,61550,61562,61570,61576,61581,61585,61642,61645,61649,61708,61711,61715,61773,61785,61789,61842,61845,61849,61855,61861,61923,61926,61987,61990,62046,62051,62053,62057,62064,62125,62130,62139,62195,62202,62206,62264,62273,62331,62335,62370,62374,62384,62387,62442,62456,62459,62574,62579,62583,62594,62596,62675,62685,62687,62692,62697,62704,62712,62718,62721,62727,62730,62736,62742,62744,62780,62789],[10,61099,54433,61101,11437],{"id":61100},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61102,53538],{},[20,61104,61105,61107],{},[15,61106,53439],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61109,61110],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[130,61112,2140],{"id":2139},[28,61114,61116],{"className":30,"code":61115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61117,61118,61134,61151,61155,61170,61180],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61119,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61121,207],{"class":43},[37,61123,48],{"class":47},[37,61125,519],{"class":51},[37,61127,501],{"class":122},[37,61129,65],{"class":51},[37,61131,890],{"class":122},[37,61133,3760],{"class":51},[37,61135,61136,61139,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61137,61138],{"class":43},"more_numbers ",[37,61140,48],{"class":47},[37,61142,519],{"class":51},[37,61144,1129],{"class":122},[37,61146,65],{"class":51},[37,61148,1134],{"class":122},[37,61150,3760],{"class":51},[37,61152,61153],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61154,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61156,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165,61168],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61158,246],{"class":43},[37,61160,292],{"class":51},[37,61162,53568],{"class":102},[37,61164,95],{"class":51},[37,61166,61167],{"class":102},"more_numbers",[37,61169,85],{"class":51},[37,61171,61172,61174,61176,61178],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61173,92],{"class":91},[37,61175,95],{"class":51},[37,61177,246],{"class":102},[37,61179,85],{"class":51},[37,61181,61182],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,61183,52815],{"class":3788},[20,61185,22,61186,61188],{},[15,61187,53538],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[130,61190,296,61192,3805],{"id":61191},"what-listextend-does",[15,61193,53439],{},[20,61195,61196,3013],{},[15,61197,53538],{},[135,61199,61200,61203,61205,61208],{},[138,61201,61202],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[138,61204,54519],{},[138,61206,61207],{},"Does not create a new list",[138,61209,11539,61210],{},[15,61211,3904],{},[20,61213,61214,61215,53893],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61216,53538],{},[130,61218,159],{"id":158},[28,61220,61222],{"className":30,"code":61221,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61223,61224],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61225,61226,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61227,61228],{"class":43},"list_name",[37,61230,292],{"class":51},[37,61232,53568],{"class":102},[37,61234,95],{"class":51},[37,61236,3846],{"class":102},[37,61238,85],{"class":51},[20,61240,5573,61241,61243],{},[110,61242,3846],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61245,61246],{},"Common iterables include:",[135,61248,61249,61253,61257,61261,61266],{},[138,61250,61251],{},[15,61252,8213],{},[138,61254,61255],{},[15,61256,835],{},[138,61258,61259],{},[15,61260,6408],{},[138,61262,61263],{},[15,61264,61265],{},"string",[138,61267,61268],{},[15,61269,60089],{},[130,61271,61273],{"id":61272},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61275,61276,61277,3013],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61278,53538],{},[28,61280,61282],{"className":30,"code":61281,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61283,61284,61308,61333,61337,61352,61356,61366],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61285,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61287,320],{"class":43},[37,61289,48],{"class":47},[37,61291,519],{"class":51},[37,61293,56],{"class":55},[37,61295,329],{"class":59},[37,61297,56],{"class":55},[37,61299,65],{"class":51},[37,61301,68],{"class":55},[37,61303,338],{"class":59},[37,61305,56],{"class":55},[37,61307,3760],{"class":51},[37,61309,61310,61313,61315,61317,61319,61321,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61311,61312],{"class":43},"more_fruits ",[37,61314,48],{"class":47},[37,61316,519],{"class":51},[37,61318,56],{"class":55},[37,61320,347],{"class":59},[37,61322,56],{"class":55},[37,61324,65],{"class":51},[37,61326,68],{"class":55},[37,61328,22639],{"class":59},[37,61330,56],{"class":55},[37,61332,3760],{"class":51},[37,61334,61335],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61336,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61338,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61350],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61340,364],{"class":43},[37,61342,292],{"class":51},[37,61344,53568],{"class":102},[37,61346,95],{"class":51},[37,61348,61349],{"class":102},"more_fruits",[37,61351,85],{"class":51},[37,61353,61354],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61355,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61357,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,61359,92],{"class":91},[37,61361,95],{"class":51},[37,61363,364],{"class":102},[37,61365,85],{"class":51},[37,61367,61368],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,61369,61370],{"class":3788},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61372,11797],{},[135,61374,61375,61380,61385],{},[138,61376,61377,61379],{},[15,61378,364],{}," starts with two items",[138,61381,61382,61384],{},[15,61383,61349],{}," has two more items",[138,61386,61387,61389,61390,61392,61393],{},[15,61388,53538],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61391,61349],{}," to ",[15,61394,364],{},[20,61396,61397,61398,61400],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61399,364],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61402,54658,61403,851,61405,292],{},[285,61404,52863],{"href":51072},[285,61406,57246],{"href":57245},[130,61408,61410,10700,61412],{"id":61409},"extend-vs-append",[15,61411,53538],{},[15,61413,52744],{},[20,61415,61416,851,61418,61420],{},[15,61417,53538],{},[15,61419,52744],{}," are often confused.",[307,61422,61424,61426],{"id":61423},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61425,53538],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[28,61428,61430],{"className":30,"code":61429,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61431,61432,61448,61466,61470,61480],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61433,61434,61436,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61435,207],{"class":43},[37,61437,48],{"class":47},[37,61439,519],{"class":51},[37,61441,501],{"class":122},[37,61443,65],{"class":51},[37,61445,890],{"class":122},[37,61447,3760],{"class":51},[37,61449,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61451,246],{"class":43},[37,61453,292],{"class":51},[37,61455,53568],{"class":102},[37,61457,3115],{"class":51},[37,61459,1129],{"class":122},[37,61461,65],{"class":51},[37,61463,1134],{"class":122},[37,61465,530],{"class":51},[37,61467,61468],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61469,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61471,61472,61474,61476,61478],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61473,92],{"class":91},[37,61475,95],{"class":51},[37,61477,246],{"class":102},[37,61479,85],{"class":51},[37,61481,61482],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61483,52815],{"class":3788},[307,61485,61487,61489],{"id":61486},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61488,52744],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[28,61491,61493],{"className":30,"code":61492,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61494,61495,61511,61529,61533,61543],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61498,207],{"class":43},[37,61500,48],{"class":47},[37,61502,519],{"class":51},[37,61504,501],{"class":122},[37,61506,65],{"class":51},[37,61508,890],{"class":122},[37,61510,3760],{"class":51},[37,61512,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61514,246],{"class":43},[37,61516,292],{"class":51},[37,61518,13662],{"class":102},[37,61520,3115],{"class":51},[37,61522,1129],{"class":122},[37,61524,65],{"class":51},[37,61526,1134],{"class":122},[37,61528,530],{"class":51},[37,61530,61531],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61532,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61534,61535,61537,61539,61541],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61536,92],{"class":91},[37,61538,95],{"class":51},[37,61540,246],{"class":102},[37,61542,85],{"class":51},[37,61544,61545],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61546,61547],{"class":3788},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61549,18802],{},[135,61551,61552,61557],{},[138,61553,61554,61556],{},[15,61555,53538],{}," to combine values",[138,61558,61559,61561],{},[15,61560,52744],{}," to add one item",[20,61563,42193,61564,851,61568,292],{},[285,61565,55611,61566,10856],{"href":56860},[15,61567,52744],{},[285,61569,53141],{"href":53140},[130,61571,1872,61573,61575],{"id":61572},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61574,53538],{}," with different iterables",[20,61577,61578,61580],{},[15,61579,53538],{}," works with more than just lists.",[307,61582,61584],{"id":61583},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[28,61586,61588],{"className":30,"code":61587,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61589,61590,61606,61624,61628,61638],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61591,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61593,1111],{"class":43},[37,61595,48],{"class":47},[37,61597,519],{"class":51},[37,61599,501],{"class":122},[37,61601,65],{"class":51},[37,61603,890],{"class":122},[37,61605,3760],{"class":51},[37,61607,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61609,1160],{"class":43},[37,61611,292],{"class":51},[37,61613,53568],{"class":102},[37,61615,5632],{"class":51},[37,61617,1129],{"class":122},[37,61619,65],{"class":51},[37,61621,1134],{"class":122},[37,61623,106],{"class":51},[37,61625,61626],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61627,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61629,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61631,92],{"class":91},[37,61633,95],{"class":51},[37,61635,1160],{"class":102},[37,61637,85],{"class":51},[37,61639,61640],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61641,52815],{"class":3788},[20,61643,61644],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[307,61646,61648],{"id":61647},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[28,61650,61652],{"className":30,"code":61651,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61653,61654,61670,61689,61693,61703],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61655,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61657,1729],{"class":43},[37,61659,48],{"class":47},[37,61661,519],{"class":51},[37,61663,56],{"class":55},[37,61665,285],{"class":59},[37,61667,56],{"class":55},[37,61669,3760],{"class":51},[37,61671,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61685,61687],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61673,1785],{"class":43},[37,61675,292],{"class":51},[37,61677,53568],{"class":102},[37,61679,95],{"class":51},[37,61681,56],{"class":55},[37,61683,61684],{"class":59},"bc",[37,61686,56],{"class":55},[37,61688,85],{"class":51},[37,61690,61691],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61692,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61694,61695,61697,61699,61701],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61696,92],{"class":91},[37,61698,95],{"class":51},[37,61700,1785],{"class":102},[37,61702,85],{"class":51},[37,61704,61705],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61706,61707],{"class":3788},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61709,61710],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[307,61712,61714],{"id":61713},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[28,61716,61718],{"className":30,"code":61717,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61719,61720,61732,61754,61758,61768],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61721,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61723,207],{"class":43},[37,61725,48],{"class":47},[37,61727,519],{"class":51},[37,61729,1070],{"class":122},[37,61731,3760],{"class":51},[37,61733,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61735,246],{"class":43},[37,61737,292],{"class":51},[37,61739,53568],{"class":102},[37,61741,95],{"class":51},[37,61743,60089],{"class":91},[37,61745,95],{"class":51},[37,61747,501],{"class":122},[37,61749,65],{"class":51},[37,61751,1134],{"class":122},[37,61753,106],{"class":51},[37,61755,61756],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61757,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61759,61760,61762,61764,61766],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61761,92],{"class":91},[37,61763,95],{"class":51},[37,61765,246],{"class":102},[37,61767,85],{"class":51},[37,61769,61770],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61771,61772],{"class":3788},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61774,61775,61778,61779,2321,61781,17181,61783,292],{},[15,61776,61777],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61780,501],{},[15,61782,508],{},[15,61784,1129],{},[307,61786,61788],{"id":61787},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[28,61790,61792],{"className":30,"code":61791,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61793,61794,61810,61828,61832],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61795,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61797,670],{"class":43},[37,61799,48],{"class":47},[37,61801,519],{"class":51},[37,61803,501],{"class":122},[37,61805,65],{"class":51},[37,61807,890],{"class":122},[37,61809,3760],{"class":51},[37,61811,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61813,687],{"class":43},[37,61815,292],{"class":51},[37,61817,53568],{"class":102},[37,61819,5651],{"class":51},[37,61821,1129],{"class":122},[37,61823,65],{"class":51},[37,61825,1134],{"class":122},[37,61827,30604],{"class":51},[37,61829,61830],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61831,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61833,61834,61836,61838,61840],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61835,92],{"class":91},[37,61837,95],{"class":51},[37,61839,687],{"class":102},[37,61841,85],{"class":51},[20,61843,61844],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[130,61846,61848],{"id":61847},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61850,61851,2530,61853,292],{},[15,61852,53538],{},[15,61854,3904],{},[20,61856,61857,61858,3013],{},"That means this is ",[110,61859,61860],{},"wrong",[28,61862,61864],{"className":30,"code":61863,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61865,61866,61882,61904,61908,61918],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61867,61868,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61869,207],{"class":43},[37,61871,48],{"class":47},[37,61873,519],{"class":51},[37,61875,501],{"class":122},[37,61877,65],{"class":51},[37,61879,890],{"class":122},[37,61881,3760],{"class":51},[37,61883,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61885,2362],{"class":43},[37,61887,48],{"class":47},[37,61889,4383],{"class":43},[37,61891,292],{"class":51},[37,61893,53568],{"class":102},[37,61895,3115],{"class":51},[37,61897,1129],{"class":122},[37,61899,65],{"class":51},[37,61901,1134],{"class":122},[37,61903,530],{"class":51},[37,61905,61906],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61907,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61909,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61911,92],{"class":91},[37,61913,95],{"class":51},[37,61915,2397],{"class":102},[37,61917,85],{"class":51},[37,61919,61920],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61921,61922],{"class":3788},"# None\n",[20,61924,61925],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[28,61927,61929],{"className":30,"code":61928,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61930,61931,61947,61969,61973,61983],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61932,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61934,207],{"class":43},[37,61936,48],{"class":47},[37,61938,519],{"class":51},[37,61940,501],{"class":122},[37,61942,65],{"class":51},[37,61944,890],{"class":122},[37,61946,3760],{"class":51},[37,61948,61949,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,61950,207],{"class":43},[37,61952,48],{"class":47},[37,61954,4383],{"class":43},[37,61956,292],{"class":51},[37,61958,53568],{"class":102},[37,61960,3115],{"class":51},[37,61962,1129],{"class":122},[37,61964,65],{"class":51},[37,61966,1134],{"class":122},[37,61968,530],{"class":51},[37,61970,61971],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,61972,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,61974,61975,61977,61979,61981],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,61976,92],{"class":91},[37,61978,95],{"class":51},[37,61980,246],{"class":102},[37,61982,85],{"class":51},[37,61984,61985],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,61986,61922],{"class":3788},[20,61988,61989],{},"The correct way is:",[28,61991,61992],{"className":30,"code":61429,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,61993,61994,62010,62028,62032,62042],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,61995,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,61997,207],{"class":43},[37,61999,48],{"class":47},[37,62001,519],{"class":51},[37,62003,501],{"class":122},[37,62005,65],{"class":51},[37,62007,890],{"class":122},[37,62009,3760],{"class":51},[37,62011,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62013,246],{"class":43},[37,62015,292],{"class":51},[37,62017,53568],{"class":102},[37,62019,3115],{"class":51},[37,62021,1129],{"class":122},[37,62023,65],{"class":51},[37,62025,1134],{"class":122},[37,62027,530],{"class":51},[37,62029,62030],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62031,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62033,62034,62036,62038,62040],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62035,92],{"class":91},[37,62037,95],{"class":51},[37,62039,246],{"class":102},[37,62041,85],{"class":51},[37,62043,62044],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62045,52815],{"class":3788},[20,62047,56000,62048,62050],{},[15,62049,53538],{}," first, then use the original list.",[130,62052,155],{"id":4638},[20,62054,14843,62055,292],{},[15,62056,53538],{},[307,62058,62060,62061,62063],{"id":62059},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62062,53538],{}," to return a new list",[28,62065,62067],{"className":30,"code":62066,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62068,62069,62085,62107,62111,62121],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62070,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62072,207],{"class":43},[37,62074,48],{"class":47},[37,62076,519],{"class":51},[37,62078,501],{"class":122},[37,62080,65],{"class":51},[37,62082,890],{"class":122},[37,62084,3760],{"class":51},[37,62086,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101,62103,62105],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62088,55733],{"class":43},[37,62090,48],{"class":47},[37,62092,4383],{"class":43},[37,62094,292],{"class":51},[37,62096,53568],{"class":102},[37,62098,3115],{"class":51},[37,62100,1129],{"class":122},[37,62102,65],{"class":51},[37,62104,1134],{"class":122},[37,62106,530],{"class":51},[37,62108,62109],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62110,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62112,62113,62115,62117,62119],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62114,92],{"class":91},[37,62116,95],{"class":51},[37,62118,55752],{"class":102},[37,62120,85],{"class":51},[37,62122,62123],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62124,61922],{"class":3788},[20,62126,62127,62128,292],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62129,53538],{},[307,62131,62133,62134,44727,62136,62138],{"id":62132},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62135,52744],{},[15,62137,53538],{}," is needed",[28,62140,62141],{"className":30,"code":61492,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,62142,62143,62159,62177,62181,62191],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62144,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153,62155,62157],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62146,207],{"class":43},[37,62148,48],{"class":47},[37,62150,519],{"class":51},[37,62152,501],{"class":122},[37,62154,65],{"class":51},[37,62156,890],{"class":122},[37,62158,3760],{"class":51},[37,62160,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62162,246],{"class":43},[37,62164,292],{"class":51},[37,62166,13662],{"class":102},[37,62168,3115],{"class":51},[37,62170,1129],{"class":122},[37,62172,65],{"class":51},[37,62174,1134],{"class":122},[37,62176,530],{"class":51},[37,62178,62179],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62180,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62182,62183,62185,62187,62189],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62184,92],{"class":91},[37,62186,95],{"class":51},[37,62188,246],{"class":102},[37,62190,85],{"class":51},[37,62192,62193],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62194,61547],{"class":3788},[20,62196,62197,62198,53983,62200,6752],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62199,53982],{},[15,62201,53538],{},[307,62203,62205],{"id":62204},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[28,62207,62209],{"className":30,"code":62208,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62210,62211,62227,62245,62249,62259],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62212,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221,62223,62225],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62214,965],{"class":43},[37,62216,48],{"class":47},[37,62218,519],{"class":51},[37,62220,56],{"class":55},[37,62222,3970],{"class":59},[37,62224,56],{"class":55},[37,62226,3760],{"class":51},[37,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239,62241,62243],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62230,999],{"class":43},[37,62232,292],{"class":51},[37,62234,53568],{"class":102},[37,62236,95],{"class":51},[37,62238,56],{"class":55},[37,62240,60682],{"class":59},[37,62242,56],{"class":55},[37,62244,85],{"class":51},[37,62246,62247],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62248,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62250,62251,62253,62255,62257],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62252,92],{"class":91},[37,62254,95],{"class":51},[37,62256,999],{"class":102},[37,62258,85],{"class":51},[37,62260,62261],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62262,62263],{"class":3788},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62265,62266,62267,62270,62271,3013],{},"If you want ",[15,62268,62269],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62272,52744],{},[28,62274,62276],{"className":30,"code":62275,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62277,62278,62294,62312,62316,62326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62279,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62281,965],{"class":43},[37,62283,48],{"class":47},[37,62285,519],{"class":51},[37,62287,56],{"class":55},[37,62289,3970],{"class":59},[37,62291,56],{"class":55},[37,62293,3760],{"class":51},[37,62295,62296,62298,62300,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62297,999],{"class":43},[37,62299,292],{"class":51},[37,62301,13662],{"class":102},[37,62303,95],{"class":51},[37,62305,56],{"class":55},[37,62307,60682],{"class":59},[37,62309,56],{"class":55},[37,62311,85],{"class":51},[37,62313,62314],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62315,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62317,62318,62320,62322,62324],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62319,92],{"class":91},[37,62321,95],{"class":51},[37,62323,999],{"class":102},[37,62325,85],{"class":51},[37,62327,62328],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62329,62330],{"class":3788},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[307,62332,62334],{"id":62333},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[28,62336,62338],{"className":30,"code":62337,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62339,62340,62356],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62341,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62343,207],{"class":43},[37,62345,48],{"class":47},[37,62347,519],{"class":51},[37,62349,501],{"class":122},[37,62351,65],{"class":51},[37,62353,890],{"class":122},[37,62355,3760],{"class":51},[37,62357,62358,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62359,246],{"class":43},[37,62361,292],{"class":51},[37,62363,53568],{"class":102},[37,62365,95],{"class":51},[37,62367,446],{"class":122},[37,62369,85],{"class":51},[20,62371,1382,62372,6672],{},[15,62373,446],{},[20,62375,62376,62377,62379,62380,62383],{},"You will get a ",[15,62378,3133],{},". See ",[285,62381,62382],{"href":52691},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62385,62386],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[28,62388,62390],{"className":30,"code":62389,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62391,62392,62402,62416,62428],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62393,62394,62396,62398,62400],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62395,92],{"class":91},[37,62397,95],{"class":51},[37,62399,8457],{"class":102},[37,62401,85],{"class":51},[37,62403,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62405,92],{"class":91},[37,62407,95],{"class":51},[37,62409,757],{"class":756},[37,62411,95],{"class":51},[37,62413,1160],{"class":102},[37,62415,106],{"class":51},[37,62417,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62419,92],{"class":91},[37,62421,95],{"class":51},[37,62423,2397],{"class":102},[37,62425,18],{"class":51},[37,62427,85],{"class":43},[37,62429,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62431,1937],{"class":91},[37,62433,95],{"class":51},[37,62435,8213],{"class":756},[37,62437,292],{"class":51},[37,62439,53568],{"class":24857},[37,62441,85],{"class":51},[43679,62443,62444],{},[20,62445,62446,62447,62450,62451,62453,62454,292],{},"Note: ",[15,62448,62449],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62452,18],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62455,33134],{},[20,62457,62458],{},"Correct debugging example:",[28,62460,62462],{"className":30,"code":62461,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62463,62464,62480,62496,62500,62514,62518,62526,62536,62550,62560],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62465,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62467,8426],{"class":43},[37,62469,48],{"class":47},[37,62471,519],{"class":51},[37,62473,501],{"class":122},[37,62475,65],{"class":51},[37,62477,890],{"class":122},[37,62479,3760],{"class":51},[37,62481,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490,62492,62494],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62483,1111],{"class":43},[37,62485,48],{"class":47},[37,62487,519],{"class":51},[37,62489,1129],{"class":122},[37,62491,65],{"class":51},[37,62493,1134],{"class":122},[37,62495,3760],{"class":51},[37,62497,62498],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62499,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62501,62502,62504,62506,62508,62510,62512],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62503,8457],{"class":43},[37,62505,292],{"class":51},[37,62507,53568],{"class":102},[37,62509,95],{"class":51},[37,62511,1160],{"class":102},[37,62513,85],{"class":51},[37,62515,62516],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62517,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62519,62520,62522,62524],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,62521,2362],{"class":43},[37,62523,48],{"class":47},[37,62525,48622],{"class":3977},[37,62527,62528,62530,62532,62534],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,62529,92],{"class":91},[37,62531,95],{"class":51},[37,62533,8457],{"class":102},[37,62535,85],{"class":51},[37,62537,62538,62540,62542,62544,62546,62548],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,62539,92],{"class":91},[37,62541,95],{"class":51},[37,62543,757],{"class":756},[37,62545,95],{"class":51},[37,62547,1160],{"class":102},[37,62549,106],{"class":51},[37,62551,62552,62554,62556,62558],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,62553,92],{"class":91},[37,62555,95],{"class":51},[37,62557,2397],{"class":102},[37,62559,85],{"class":51},[37,62561,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,62563,1937],{"class":91},[37,62565,95],{"class":51},[37,62567,8213],{"class":756},[37,62569,292],{"class":51},[37,62571,53568],{"class":24857},[37,62573,85],{"class":51},[130,62575,5080,62577],{"id":62576},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62578,53538],{},[20,62580,22,62581,6439],{},[15,62582,53538],{},[135,62584,62585,62588,62591],{},[138,62586,62587],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[138,62589,62590],{},"Add multiple values at once",[138,62592,62593],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62595,5593],{},[28,62597,62599],{"className":30,"code":62598,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62600,62601,62618,62636,62640,62656,62660,62670],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62602,62603,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62604,62605],{"class":43},"all_scores ",[37,62607,48],{"class":47},[37,62609,519],{"class":51},[37,62611,13611],{"class":122},[37,62613,65],{"class":51},[37,62615,13616],{"class":122},[37,62617,3760],{"class":51},[37,62619,62620,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62634],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62621,62622],{"class":43},"new_scores ",[37,62624,48],{"class":47},[37,62626,519],{"class":51},[37,62628,51596],{"class":122},[37,62630,65],{"class":51},[37,62632,62633],{"class":122}," 92",[37,62635,3760],{"class":51},[37,62637,62638],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62639,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62641,62642,62645,62647,62649,62651,62654],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62643,62644],{"class":43},"all_scores",[37,62646,292],{"class":51},[37,62648,53568],{"class":102},[37,62650,95],{"class":51},[37,62652,62653],{"class":102},"new_scores",[37,62655,85],{"class":51},[37,62657,62658],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62659,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62661,62662,62664,62666,62668],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,62663,92],{"class":91},[37,62665,95],{"class":51},[37,62667,62644],{"class":102},[37,62669,85],{"class":51},[37,62671,62672],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,62673,62674],{"class":3788},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62676,62677,62678,62680,62681,292],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62679,52744],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[285,62682,55611,62683,10856],{"href":54000},[15,62684,54359],{},[130,62686,1969],{"id":1968},[307,62688,1983,62690,55560],{"id":62689},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62691,53439],{},[20,62693,62694,62695,292],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62696,3904],{},[307,62698,5300,62700,851,62702,2623],{"id":62699},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62701,53538],{},[15,62703,52744],{},[20,62705,62706,62708,62709,62711],{},[15,62707,53538],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62710,52744],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[307,62713,28435,62715,62717],{"id":62714},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62716,53538],{}," with a string?",[20,62719,62720],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[307,62722,28435,62724,62726],{"id":62723},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62725,53538],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62728,62729],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[307,62731,62733,62734,2623],{"id":62732},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62735,53538],{},[20,62737,62738,62739,62741],{},"You get a ",[15,62740,3133],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[130,62743,2025],{"id":2024},[135,62745,62746,62752,62756,62760,62764,62770,62774],{},[138,62747,62748],{},[285,62749,55611,62750,10856],{"href":56860},[15,62751,52744],{},[138,62753,62754],{},[285,62755,54369],{"href":53140},[138,62757,62758],{},[285,62759,57320],{"href":57245},[138,62761,62762],{},[285,62763,52863],{"href":51072},[138,62765,62766],{},[285,62767,55611,62768,10856],{"href":54000},[15,62769,54359],{},[138,62771,62772],{},[285,62773,62382],{"href":52691},[138,62775,62776],{},[285,62777,55611,62778,10856],{"href":55051},[15,62779,12889],{},[20,62781,62782,62783,62785,62786,62788],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62784,52744],{},", when to use ",[15,62787,54359],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2052,62790,62791],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":62793},[62794,62795,62797,62798,62799,62806,62813,62814,62822,62824,62836],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":61191,"depth":88,"text":62796},"What list.extend() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":61272,"depth":88,"text":61273},{"id":61409,"depth":88,"text":62800,"children":62801},"extend() vs append()",[62802,62804],{"id":61423,"depth":251,"text":62803},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61486,"depth":251,"text":62805},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61572,"depth":88,"text":62807,"children":62808},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62809,62810,62811,62812],{"id":61583,"depth":251,"text":61584},{"id":61647,"depth":251,"text":61648},{"id":61713,"depth":251,"text":61714},{"id":61787,"depth":251,"text":61788},{"id":61847,"depth":88,"text":61848},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":62815},[62816,62818,62820,62821],{"id":62059,"depth":251,"text":62817},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62132,"depth":251,"text":62819},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62204,"depth":251,"text":62205},{"id":62333,"depth":251,"text":62334},{"id":62576,"depth":88,"text":62823},"When to use extend()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":62825},[62826,62828,62830,62832,62834],{"id":62689,"depth":251,"text":62827},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62699,"depth":251,"text":62829},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62714,"depth":251,"text":62831},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62723,"depth":251,"text":62833},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62732,"depth":251,"text":62835},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61095,"description":62837},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62844,"title":62845,"body":62846,"description":64936,"extension":2099,"meta":64937,"navigation":254,"path":64938,"seo":64939,"stem":64940,"__hash__":64941},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62847,"toc":64899},[62848,62851,62856,62862,62873,62879,62881,62950,62952,63001,63009,63013,63018,63021,63032,63037,63039,63041,63062,63075,63078,63091,63093,63098,63123,63125,63133,63136,63205,63207,63231,63237,63241,63245,63281,63283,63303,63310,63314,63347,63349,63383,63388,63392,63425,63427,63455,63463,63467,63504,63506,63527,63530,63534,63603,63605,63629,63635,63642,63646,63649,63651,63665,63668,63691,63693,63718,63721,63740,63742,63768,63777,63781,63788,63865,63867,63908,63914,63920,64011,64013,64069,64072,64077,64081,64086,64090,64149,64151,64176,64180,64243,64245,64270,64274,64337,64339,64382,64385,64389,64393,64415,64419,64501,64503,64538,64546,64548,64552,64556,64558,64585,64590,64592,64619,64626,64629,64652,64654,64703,64706,64709,64728,64732,64735,64786,64789,64795,64799,64804,64807,64809,64815,64824,64828,64834,64838,64841,64845,64848,64852,64858,64860,64896],[10,62849,62845],{"id":62850},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62852,9242,62853,62855],{},[15,62854,24888],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62857,62858,62859,62861],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62860,24888],{}," for two main reasons:",[135,62863,62864,62867],{},[138,62865,62866],{},"to make an empty list",[138,62868,62869,62870,62872],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62871,60089],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62874,62875,62876,62878],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62877,24888],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[130,62880,2140],{"id":2139},[28,62882,62884],{"className":30,"code":62883,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62885,62886,62908,62926,62930,62940],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62887,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62906],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62889,207],{"class":43},[37,62891,48],{"class":47},[37,62893,22666],{"class":756},[37,62895,5632],{"class":51},[37,62897,501],{"class":122},[37,62899,65],{"class":51},[37,62901,890],{"class":122},[37,62903,65],{"class":51},[37,62905,513],{"class":122},[37,62907,106],{"class":51},[37,62909,62910,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62911,1729],{"class":43},[37,62913,48],{"class":47},[37,62915,22666],{"class":756},[37,62917,95],{"class":51},[37,62919,56],{"class":55},[37,62921,41660],{"class":59},[37,62923,56],{"class":55},[37,62925,85],{"class":51},[37,62927,62928],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,62929,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,62931,62932,62934,62936,62938],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,62933,92],{"class":91},[37,62935,95],{"class":51},[37,62937,246],{"class":102},[37,62939,85],{"class":51},[37,62941,62942,62944,62946,62948],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,62943,92],{"class":91},[37,62945,95],{"class":51},[37,62947,1785],{"class":102},[37,62949,85],{"class":51},[20,62951,112],{},[28,62953,62955],{"className":30,"code":62954,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62956,62957,62973],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,62958,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,62960,1067],{"class":51},[37,62962,501],{"class":122},[37,62964,65],{"class":51},[37,62966,890],{"class":122},[37,62968,65],{"class":51},[37,62970,513],{"class":122},[37,62972,3760],{"class":51},[37,62974,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,62976,1067],{"class":51},[37,62978,821],{"class":55},[37,62980,285],{"class":59},[37,62982,821],{"class":55},[37,62984,65],{"class":51},[37,62986,815],{"class":55},[37,62988,777],{"class":59},[37,62990,821],{"class":55},[37,62992,65],{"class":51},[37,62994,815],{"class":55},[37,62996,1754],{"class":59},[37,62998,821],{"class":55},[37,63000,3760],{"class":51},[20,63002,22,63003,63005,63006,63008],{},[15,63004,24888],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63007,60089],{},", set, or dictionary.",[130,63010,63012],{"id":63011},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63014,63015,63017],{},[15,63016,24888],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63019,63020],{},"It can:",[135,63022,63023,63026,63029],{},[138,63024,63025],{},"create a new list object",[138,63027,63028],{},"make an empty list",[138,63030,63031],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63033,63034,63035,292],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[285,63036,52863],{"href":51072},[130,63038,159],{"id":158},[20,63040,26593],{},[28,63042,63044],{"className":30,"code":63043,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63045,63046,63052],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63047,63048,63050],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63049,8213],{"class":756},[37,63051,8761],{"class":51},[37,63053,63054,63056,63058,63060],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63055,8213],{"class":756},[37,63057,95],{"class":51},[37,63059,3846],{"class":102},[37,63061,85],{"class":51},[135,63063,63064,63069],{},[138,63065,63066,63068],{},[15,63067,24888],{}," makes an empty list",[138,63070,63071,63074],{},[15,63072,63073],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63076,63077],{},"Common iterable values include:",[135,63079,63080,63082,63084,63086,63089],{},[138,63081,5430],{},[138,63083,5424],{},[138,63085,5427],{},[138,63087,63088],{},"ranges",[138,63090,7372],{},[130,63092,59711],{"id":59710},[20,63094,22,63095,63097],{},[15,63096,24888],{}," with no arguments:",[28,63099,63101],{"className":30,"code":63100,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63102,63103,63113],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63104,63105,63107,63109,63111],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63106,670],{"class":43},[37,63108,48],{"class":47},[37,63110,22666],{"class":756},[37,63112,8761],{"class":51},[37,63114,63115,63117,63119,63121],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63116,92],{"class":91},[37,63118,95],{"class":51},[37,63120,687],{"class":102},[37,63122,85],{"class":51},[20,63124,112],{},[28,63126,63127],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,63128,63129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63130,63131],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63132,38399],{"class":51},[20,63134,63135],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[28,63137,63139],{"className":30,"code":63138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63140,63141,63151,63155,63173,63191,63195],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63142,63143,63145,63147,63149],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63144,670],{"class":43},[37,63146,48],{"class":47},[37,63148,22666],{"class":756},[37,63150,8761],{"class":51},[37,63152,63153],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63154,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,63158,687],{"class":43},[37,63160,292],{"class":51},[37,63162,13662],{"class":102},[37,63164,95],{"class":51},[37,63166,56],{"class":55},[37,63168,329],{"class":59},[37,63170,56],{"class":55},[37,63172,85],{"class":51},[37,63174,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,63176,687],{"class":43},[37,63178,292],{"class":51},[37,63180,13662],{"class":102},[37,63182,95],{"class":51},[37,63184,56],{"class":55},[37,63186,338],{"class":59},[37,63188,56],{"class":55},[37,63190,85],{"class":51},[37,63192,63193],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,63194,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,63196,63197,63199,63201,63203],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,63198,92],{"class":91},[37,63200,95],{"class":51},[37,63202,687],{"class":102},[37,63204,85],{"class":51},[20,63206,112],{},[28,63208,63209],{"className":30,"code":38524,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,63210,63211],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63212,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63214,1067],{"class":51},[37,63216,821],{"class":55},[37,63218,329],{"class":59},[37,63220,821],{"class":55},[37,63222,65],{"class":51},[37,63224,815],{"class":55},[37,63226,338],{"class":59},[37,63228,821],{"class":55},[37,63230,3760],{"class":51},[20,63232,63233,63234,63236],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63235,3913],{},". Both are valid.",[130,63238,63240],{"id":63239},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[307,63242,63244],{"id":63243},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[28,63246,63247],{"className":30,"code":60009,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,63248,63249,63271],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63250,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63252,207],{"class":43},[37,63254,48],{"class":47},[37,63256,22666],{"class":756},[37,63258,5632],{"class":51},[37,63260,501],{"class":122},[37,63262,65],{"class":51},[37,63264,890],{"class":122},[37,63266,65],{"class":51},[37,63268,513],{"class":122},[37,63270,106],{"class":51},[37,63272,63273,63275,63277,63279],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63274,92],{"class":91},[37,63276,95],{"class":51},[37,63278,246],{"class":102},[37,63280,85],{"class":51},[20,63282,112],{},[28,63284,63285],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,63286,63287],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63288,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63290,1067],{"class":51},[37,63292,501],{"class":122},[37,63294,65],{"class":51},[37,63296,890],{"class":122},[37,63298,65],{"class":51},[37,63300,513],{"class":122},[37,63302,3760],{"class":51},[20,63304,63305,63306,292],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[285,63307,63309],{"href":63308},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[307,63311,63313],{"id":63312},"string-to-list","String to list",[28,63315,63317],{"className":30,"code":63316,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63318,63319,63337],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63320,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63322,1729],{"class":43},[37,63324,48],{"class":47},[37,63326,22666],{"class":756},[37,63328,95],{"class":51},[37,63330,56],{"class":55},[37,63332,37149],{"class":59},[37,63334,56],{"class":55},[37,63336,85],{"class":51},[37,63338,63339,63341,63343,63345],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63340,92],{"class":91},[37,63342,95],{"class":51},[37,63344,1785],{"class":102},[37,63346,85],{"class":51},[20,63348,112],{},[28,63350,63352],{"className":30,"code":63351,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63353,63354],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63355,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63379,63381],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63357,1067],{"class":51},[37,63359,821],{"class":55},[37,63361,1754],{"class":59},[37,63363,821],{"class":55},[37,63365,65],{"class":51},[37,63367,815],{"class":55},[37,63369,285],{"class":59},[37,63371,821],{"class":55},[37,63373,65],{"class":51},[37,63375,815],{"class":55},[37,63377,63378],{"class":59},"t",[37,63380,821],{"class":55},[37,63382,3760],{"class":51},[20,63384,63385,63387],{},[15,63386,24888],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[307,63389,63391],{"id":63390},"range-to-list","Range to list",[28,63393,63395],{"className":30,"code":63394,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63396,63397,63415],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63398,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63400,207],{"class":43},[37,63402,48],{"class":47},[37,63404,22666],{"class":756},[37,63406,95],{"class":51},[37,63408,60089],{"class":91},[37,63410,95],{"class":51},[37,63412,446],{"class":122},[37,63414,106],{"class":51},[37,63416,63417,63419,63421,63423],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63418,92],{"class":91},[37,63420,95],{"class":51},[37,63422,246],{"class":102},[37,63424,85],{"class":51},[20,63426,112],{},[28,63428,63429],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,63430,63431],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63432,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63434,1067],{"class":51},[37,63436,1070],{"class":122},[37,63438,65],{"class":51},[37,63440,5619],{"class":122},[37,63442,65],{"class":51},[37,63444,890],{"class":122},[37,63446,65],{"class":51},[37,63448,513],{"class":122},[37,63450,65],{"class":51},[37,63452,1134],{"class":122},[37,63454,3760],{"class":51},[20,63456,63457,63458,63462],{},"This is common when working with ",[285,63459,63460],{"href":36298},[15,63461,36301],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[307,63464,63466],{"id":63465},"set-to-list","Set to list",[28,63468,63470],{"className":30,"code":63469,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63471,63472,63494],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63473,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63475,1111],{"class":43},[37,63477,48],{"class":47},[37,63479,22666],{"class":756},[37,63481,5651],{"class":51},[37,63483,214],{"class":122},[37,63485,65],{"class":51},[37,63487,219],{"class":122},[37,63489,65],{"class":51},[37,63491,224],{"class":122},[37,63493,30604],{"class":51},[37,63495,63496,63498,63500,63502],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63497,92],{"class":91},[37,63499,95],{"class":51},[37,63501,1160],{"class":102},[37,63503,85],{"class":51},[20,63505,17068],{},[28,63507,63509],{"className":30,"code":63508,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63510,63511],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63512,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63514,1067],{"class":51},[37,63516,214],{"class":122},[37,63518,65],{"class":51},[37,63520,219],{"class":122},[37,63522,65],{"class":51},[37,63524,224],{"class":122},[37,63526,3760],{"class":51},[20,63528,63529],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[307,63531,63533],{"id":63532},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[28,63535,63537],{"className":30,"code":63536,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63538,63539,63575,63589,63593],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63540,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63542,13314],{"class":43},[37,63544,48],{"class":47},[37,63546,10605],{"class":51},[37,63548,56],{"class":55},[37,63550,7790],{"class":59},[37,63552,56],{"class":55},[37,63554,3013],{"class":51},[37,63556,68],{"class":55},[37,63558,1646],{"class":59},[37,63560,56],{"class":55},[37,63562,65],{"class":51},[37,63564,68],{"class":55},[37,63566,9415],{"class":59},[37,63568,56],{"class":55},[37,63570,3013],{"class":51},[37,63572,1653],{"class":122},[37,63574,9424],{"class":51},[37,63576,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63578,2362],{"class":43},[37,63580,48],{"class":47},[37,63582,22666],{"class":756},[37,63584,95],{"class":51},[37,63586,17416],{"class":102},[37,63588,85],{"class":51},[37,63590,63591],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,63592,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,63594,63595,63597,63599,63601],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,63596,92],{"class":91},[37,63598,95],{"class":51},[37,63600,2397],{"class":102},[37,63602,85],{"class":51},[20,63604,112],{},[28,63606,63607],{"className":30,"code":25588,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,63608,63609],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63610,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63612,1067],{"class":51},[37,63614,821],{"class":55},[37,63616,7790],{"class":59},[37,63618,821],{"class":55},[37,63620,65],{"class":51},[37,63622,815],{"class":55},[37,63624,9415],{"class":59},[37,63626,821],{"class":55},[37,63628,3760],{"class":51},[20,63630,63631,63632,63634],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63633,24888],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63636,63637,63638,292],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[285,63639,63641],{"href":63640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[130,63643,63645],{"id":63644},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63647,63648],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63650,61246],{},[135,63652,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663],{},[138,63654,5421],{},[138,63656,5424],{},[138,63658,5430],{},[138,63660,5427],{},[138,63662,63088],{},[138,63664,7372],{},[20,63666,63667],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[28,63669,63671],{"className":30,"code":63670,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63672,63673],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63674,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63676,92],{"class":91},[37,63678,95],{"class":51},[37,63680,8213],{"class":756},[37,63682,95],{"class":51},[37,63684,56],{"class":55},[37,63686,974],{"class":59},[37,63688,56],{"class":55},[37,63690,106],{"class":51},[20,63692,112],{},[28,63694,63696],{"className":30,"code":63695,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63697,63698],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63699,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63701,1067],{"class":51},[37,63703,821],{"class":55},[37,63705,60529],{"class":59},[37,63707,821],{"class":55},[37,63709,65],{"class":51},[37,63711,815],{"class":55},[37,63713,1797],{"class":59},[37,63715,821],{"class":55},[37,63717,3760],{"class":51},[20,63719,63720],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[28,63722,63724],{"className":30,"code":63723,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63725,63726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63729,92],{"class":91},[37,63731,95],{"class":51},[37,63733,8213],{"class":756},[37,63735,95],{"class":51},[37,63737,446],{"class":122},[37,63739,106],{"class":51},[20,63741,112],{},[28,63743,63745],{"className":30,"code":63744,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63746,63747],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63748,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63750,3133],{"class":756},[37,63752,3013],{"class":51},[37,63754,815],{"class":55},[37,63756,818],{"class":59},[37,63758,821],{"class":55},[37,63760,24724],{"class":756},[37,63762,1536],{"class":47},[37,63764,8218],{"class":47},[37,63766,63767],{"class":43}," iterable\n",[20,63769,63770,63771,63773,63774,292],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[285,63772,5256],{"href":5708},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[285,63775,63776],{"href":52691},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[130,63778,63780],{"id":63779},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63782,63783,63784,63787],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63785,63786],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[28,63789,63791],{"className":30,"code":63790,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63792,63793,63813,63827,63831,63841,63851],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63794,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63796,12198],{"class":43},[37,63798,48],{"class":47},[37,63800,519],{"class":51},[37,63802,501],{"class":122},[37,63804,65],{"class":51},[37,63806,890],{"class":122},[37,63808,65],{"class":51},[37,63810,513],{"class":122},[37,63812,3760],{"class":51},[37,63814,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63816,14421],{"class":43},[37,63818,48],{"class":47},[37,63820,22666],{"class":756},[37,63822,95],{"class":51},[37,63824,12245],{"class":102},[37,63826,85],{"class":51},[37,63828,63829],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,63830,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,63832,63833,63835,63837,63839],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,63834,92],{"class":91},[37,63836,95],{"class":51},[37,63838,12245],{"class":102},[37,63840,85],{"class":51},[37,63842,63843,63845,63847,63849],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,63844,92],{"class":91},[37,63846,95],{"class":51},[37,63848,14440],{"class":102},[37,63850,85],{"class":51},[37,63852,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,63854,92],{"class":91},[37,63856,95],{"class":51},[37,63858,12198],{"class":102},[37,63860,12306],{"class":1483},[37,63862,14494],{"class":102},[37,63864,85],{"class":51},[20,63866,112],{},[28,63868,63870],{"className":30,"code":63869,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63871,63872,63888,63904],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63873,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63875,1067],{"class":51},[37,63877,501],{"class":122},[37,63879,65],{"class":51},[37,63881,890],{"class":122},[37,63883,65],{"class":51},[37,63885,513],{"class":122},[37,63887,3760],{"class":51},[37,63889,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63891,1067],{"class":51},[37,63893,501],{"class":122},[37,63895,65],{"class":51},[37,63897,890],{"class":122},[37,63899,65],{"class":51},[37,63901,513],{"class":122},[37,63903,3760],{"class":51},[37,63905,63906],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,63907,4164],{"class":3977},[20,63909,63910,63911,63913],{},"This means ",[15,63912,14440],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63915,63916,63917,63919],{},"However, this is only a ",[110,63918,12963],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[28,63921,63923],{"className":30,"code":63922,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63924,63925,63951,63965,63969,63987,63991,64001],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,63928,12198],{"class":43},[37,63930,48],{"class":47},[37,63932,56385],{"class":51},[37,63934,501],{"class":122},[37,63936,65],{"class":51},[37,63938,890],{"class":122},[37,63940,893],{"class":51},[37,63942,519],{"class":51},[37,63944,1129],{"class":122},[37,63946,65],{"class":51},[37,63948,1134],{"class":122},[37,63950,53334],{"class":51},[37,63952,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,63954,14421],{"class":43},[37,63956,48],{"class":47},[37,63958,22666],{"class":756},[37,63960,95],{"class":51},[37,63962,12245],{"class":102},[37,63964,85],{"class":51},[37,63966,63967],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,63968,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,63970,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,63972,14440],{"class":43},[37,63974,1067],{"class":51},[37,63976,1070],{"class":122},[37,63978,13659],{"class":51},[37,63980,13662],{"class":102},[37,63982,95],{"class":51},[37,63984,56438],{"class":122},[37,63986,85],{"class":51},[37,63988,63989],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,63990,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,63992,63993,63995,63997,63999],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,63994,92],{"class":91},[37,63996,95],{"class":51},[37,63998,12245],{"class":102},[37,64000,85],{"class":51},[37,64002,64003,64005,64007,64009],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,64004,92],{"class":91},[37,64006,95],{"class":51},[37,64008,14440],{"class":102},[37,64010,85],{"class":51},[20,64012,112],{},[28,64014,64015],{"className":30,"code":56469,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,64016,64017,64043],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64018,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64020,56476],{"class":51},[37,64022,501],{"class":122},[37,64024,65],{"class":51},[37,64026,890],{"class":122},[37,64028,65],{"class":51},[37,64030,10311],{"class":122},[37,64032,893],{"class":51},[37,64034,519],{"class":51},[37,64036,1129],{"class":122},[37,64038,65],{"class":51},[37,64040,1134],{"class":122},[37,64042,53334],{"class":51},[37,64044,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64046,56476],{"class":51},[37,64048,501],{"class":122},[37,64050,65],{"class":51},[37,64052,890],{"class":122},[37,64054,65],{"class":51},[37,64056,10311],{"class":122},[37,64058,893],{"class":51},[37,64060,519],{"class":51},[37,64062,1129],{"class":122},[37,64064,65],{"class":51},[37,64066,1134],{"class":122},[37,64068,53334],{"class":51},[20,64070,64071],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64073,64074,64075,292],{},"For more on this, see ",[285,64076,13900],{"href":13899},[130,64078,64080],{"id":64079},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64082,64083,64084,292],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64085,24888],{},[307,64087,64089],{"id":64088},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[28,64091,64093],{"className":30,"code":64092,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64094,64095,64135],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64096,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64098,12976],{"class":43},[37,64100,48],{"class":47},[37,64102,10605],{"class":51},[37,64104,56],{"class":55},[37,64106,7790],{"class":59},[37,64108,56],{"class":55},[37,64110,3013],{"class":51},[37,64112,68],{"class":55},[37,64114,8041],{"class":59},[37,64116,56],{"class":55},[37,64118,65],{"class":51},[37,64120,68],{"class":55},[37,64122,19999],{"class":59},[37,64124,56],{"class":55},[37,64126,3013],{"class":51},[37,64128,68],{"class":55},[37,64130,22352],{"class":59},[37,64132,56],{"class":55},[37,64134,9424],{"class":51},[37,64136,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64138,92],{"class":91},[37,64140,95],{"class":51},[37,64142,8213],{"class":756},[37,64144,95],{"class":51},[37,64146,13735],{"class":102},[37,64148,106],{"class":51},[20,64150,112],{},[28,64152,64154],{"className":30,"code":64153,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64155,64156],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64157,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64159,1067],{"class":51},[37,64161,821],{"class":55},[37,64163,7790],{"class":59},[37,64165,821],{"class":55},[37,64167,65],{"class":51},[37,64169,815],{"class":55},[37,64171,19999],{"class":59},[37,64173,821],{"class":55},[37,64175,3760],{"class":51},[307,64177,64179],{"id":64178},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[28,64181,64183],{"className":30,"code":64182,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64184,64185,64225],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64186,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64188,12976],{"class":43},[37,64190,48],{"class":47},[37,64192,10605],{"class":51},[37,64194,56],{"class":55},[37,64196,7790],{"class":59},[37,64198,56],{"class":55},[37,64200,3013],{"class":51},[37,64202,68],{"class":55},[37,64204,8041],{"class":59},[37,64206,56],{"class":55},[37,64208,65],{"class":51},[37,64210,68],{"class":55},[37,64212,19999],{"class":59},[37,64214,56],{"class":55},[37,64216,3013],{"class":51},[37,64218,68],{"class":55},[37,64220,22352],{"class":59},[37,64222,56],{"class":55},[37,64224,9424],{"class":51},[37,64226,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64228,92],{"class":91},[37,64230,95],{"class":51},[37,64232,8213],{"class":756},[37,64234,95],{"class":51},[37,64236,13735],{"class":102},[37,64238,292],{"class":51},[37,64240,1160],{"class":102},[37,64242,6411],{"class":51},[20,64244,112],{},[28,64246,64248],{"className":30,"code":64247,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64249,64250],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64251,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64253,1067],{"class":51},[37,64255,821],{"class":55},[37,64257,8041],{"class":59},[37,64259,821],{"class":55},[37,64261,65],{"class":51},[37,64263,815],{"class":55},[37,64265,22352],{"class":59},[37,64267,821],{"class":55},[37,64269,3760],{"class":51},[307,64271,64273],{"id":64272},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[28,64275,64277],{"className":30,"code":64276,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64278,64279,64319],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64280,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64282,12976],{"class":43},[37,64284,48],{"class":47},[37,64286,10605],{"class":51},[37,64288,56],{"class":55},[37,64290,7790],{"class":59},[37,64292,56],{"class":55},[37,64294,3013],{"class":51},[37,64296,68],{"class":55},[37,64298,8041],{"class":59},[37,64300,56],{"class":55},[37,64302,65],{"class":51},[37,64304,68],{"class":55},[37,64306,19999],{"class":59},[37,64308,56],{"class":55},[37,64310,3013],{"class":51},[37,64312,68],{"class":55},[37,64314,22352],{"class":59},[37,64316,56],{"class":55},[37,64318,9424],{"class":51},[37,64320,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64322,92],{"class":91},[37,64324,95],{"class":51},[37,64326,8213],{"class":756},[37,64328,95],{"class":51},[37,64330,13735],{"class":102},[37,64332,292],{"class":51},[37,64334,687],{"class":102},[37,64336,6411],{"class":51},[20,64338,112],{},[28,64340,64342],{"className":30,"code":64341,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64343,64344],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64345,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64347,21847],{"class":51},[37,64349,821],{"class":55},[37,64351,7790],{"class":59},[37,64353,821],{"class":55},[37,64355,65],{"class":51},[37,64357,815],{"class":55},[37,64359,8041],{"class":59},[37,64361,821],{"class":55},[37,64363,516],{"class":51},[37,64365,52],{"class":51},[37,64367,821],{"class":55},[37,64369,19999],{"class":59},[37,64371,821],{"class":55},[37,64373,65],{"class":51},[37,64375,815],{"class":55},[37,64377,22352],{"class":59},[37,64379,821],{"class":55},[37,64381,9365],{"class":51},[20,64383,64384],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[130,64386,64388],{"id":64387},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64390,22,64391,10716],{},[15,64392,24888],{},[135,64394,64395,64403,64412],{},[138,64396,64397,64398,3006,64400],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64399,52744],{},[15,64401,64402],{},"sort()",[138,64404,64405,64406,3006,64408,64411],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64407,36301],{},[15,64409,64410],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[138,64413,64414],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64416,46138,64417,3013],{},[15,64418,64410],{},[28,64420,64422],{"className":30,"code":64421,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64423,64424,64448,64464,64468,64491],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64425,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64427,5114],{"class":43},[37,64429,48],{"class":47},[37,64431,519],{"class":51},[37,64433,56],{"class":55},[37,64435,1646],{"class":59},[37,64437,56],{"class":55},[37,64439,65],{"class":51},[37,64441,68],{"class":55},[37,64443,36050],{"class":59},[37,64445,56],{"class":55},[37,64447,3760],{"class":51},[37,64449,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460,64462],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64451,5183],{"class":43},[37,64453,48],{"class":47},[37,64455,519],{"class":51},[37,64457,13611],{"class":122},[37,64459,65],{"class":51},[37,64461,13616],{"class":122},[37,64463,3760],{"class":51},[37,64465,64466],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,64467,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,64469,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,64471,9333],{"class":43},[37,64473,48],{"class":47},[37,64475,22666],{"class":756},[37,64477,95],{"class":51},[37,64479,64480],{"class":91},"zip",[37,64482,95],{"class":51},[37,64484,5158],{"class":102},[37,64486,65],{"class":51},[37,64488,5230],{"class":102},[37,64490,106],{"class":51},[37,64492,64493,64495,64497,64499],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,64494,92],{"class":91},[37,64496,95],{"class":51},[37,64498,9378],{"class":102},[37,64500,85],{"class":51},[20,64502,112],{},[28,64504,64506],{"className":30,"code":64505,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64507,64508],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64509,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64511,21847],{"class":51},[37,64513,821],{"class":55},[37,64515,1646],{"class":59},[37,64517,821],{"class":55},[37,64519,65],{"class":51},[37,64521,20006],{"class":122},[37,64523,516],{"class":51},[37,64525,52],{"class":51},[37,64527,821],{"class":55},[37,64529,36050],{"class":59},[37,64531,821],{"class":55},[37,64533,65],{"class":51},[37,64535,13616],{"class":122},[37,64537,9365],{"class":51},[20,64539,64540,64541,64543,64544,292],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64542,52744],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[285,64545,53141],{"href":53140},[130,64547,155],{"id":4638},[20,64549,56867,64550,292],{},[15,64551,24888],{},[307,64553,64555],{"id":64554},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64557,4645],{},[28,64559,64561],{"className":30,"code":64560,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64562,64563,64567],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64564,64565],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64566,4655],{"class":3788},[37,64568,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64570,8213],{"class":756},[37,64572,95],{"class":51},[37,64574,501],{"class":122},[37,64576,65],{"class":51},[37,64578,890],{"class":122},[37,64580,65],{"class":51},[37,64582,513],{"class":122},[37,64584,85],{"class":51},[20,64586,64587,64589],{},[15,64588,24888],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64591,18802],{},[28,64593,64595],{"className":30,"code":64594,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64596,64597],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64598,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64600,92],{"class":91},[37,64602,95],{"class":51},[37,64604,8213],{"class":756},[37,64606,5632],{"class":51},[37,64608,501],{"class":122},[37,64610,65],{"class":51},[37,64612,890],{"class":122},[37,64614,65],{"class":51},[37,64616,513],{"class":122},[37,64618,3041],{"class":51},[307,64620,64622,64623],{"id":64621},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[37,64624,64625],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64627,64628],{},"This is a common surprise:",[28,64630,64632],{"className":30,"code":64631,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64633,64634],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64635,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64637,92],{"class":91},[37,64639,95],{"class":51},[37,64641,8213],{"class":756},[37,64643,95],{"class":51},[37,64645,56],{"class":55},[37,64647,3970],{"class":59},[37,64649,56],{"class":55},[37,64651,106],{"class":51},[20,64653,112],{},[28,64655,64657],{"className":30,"code":64656,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64658,64659],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64660,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64662,1067],{"class":51},[37,64664,821],{"class":55},[37,64666,60529],{"class":59},[37,64668,821],{"class":55},[37,64670,65],{"class":51},[37,64672,815],{"class":55},[37,64674,60538],{"class":59},[37,64676,821],{"class":55},[37,64678,65],{"class":51},[37,64680,815],{"class":55},[37,64682,60547],{"class":59},[37,64684,821],{"class":55},[37,64686,65],{"class":51},[37,64688,815],{"class":55},[37,64690,60547],{"class":59},[37,64692,821],{"class":55},[37,64694,65],{"class":51},[37,64696,815],{"class":55},[37,64698,60564],{"class":59},[37,64700,821],{"class":55},[37,64702,3760],{"class":51},[20,64704,64705],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64707,64708],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[28,64710,64712],{"className":30,"code":64711,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64713,64714],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64715,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64717,92],{"class":91},[37,64719,3115],{"class":51},[37,64721,56],{"class":55},[37,64723,3970],{"class":59},[37,64725,56],{"class":55},[37,64727,530],{"class":51},[307,64729,64731],{"id":64730},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64733,64734],{},"This:",[28,64736,64738],{"className":30,"code":64737,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64739,64740,64772],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64741,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64743,494],{"class":43},[37,64745,48],{"class":47},[37,64747,10605],{"class":51},[37,64749,56],{"class":55},[37,64751,285],{"class":59},[37,64753,56],{"class":55},[37,64755,3013],{"class":51},[37,64757,5619],{"class":122},[37,64759,65],{"class":51},[37,64761,68],{"class":55},[37,64763,777],{"class":59},[37,64765,56],{"class":55},[37,64767,3013],{"class":51},[37,64769,890],{"class":122},[37,64771,9424],{"class":51},[37,64773,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,64775,92],{"class":91},[37,64777,95],{"class":51},[37,64779,8213],{"class":756},[37,64781,95],{"class":51},[37,64783,543],{"class":102},[37,64785,106],{"class":51},[20,64787,64788],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64790,22,64791,64794],{},[15,64792,64793],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[307,64796,64798],{"id":64797},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64800,64801,64803],{},[15,64802,24888],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64805,64806],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[130,64808,1969],{"id":1968},[307,64810,5300,64812,64814],{"id":64811},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[37,64813],{}," and list()?",[20,64816,64817,64818,64820,64821,64823],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64819,3913],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64822,24888],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[307,64825,64827],{"id":64826},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64829,64830,64831,64833],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64832,24888],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[307,64835,64837],{"id":64836},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64839,64840],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[307,64842,64844],{"id":64843},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64846,64847],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[307,64849,64851],{"id":64850},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64853,64854,64855,64857],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64856,24888],{}," cannot loop through it.",[130,64859,2025],{"id":2024},[135,64861,64862,64866,64871,64875,64879,64883,64887,64892],{},[138,64863,64864],{},[285,64865,52863],{"href":51072},[138,64867,64868],{},[285,64869,64870],{"href":36298},"Python range() function explained",[138,64872,64873],{},[285,64874,63309],{"href":63308},[138,64876,64877],{},[285,64878,63641],{"href":63640},[138,64880,64881],{},[285,64882,5337],{"href":5708},[138,64884,64885],{},[285,64886,13900],{"href":13899},[138,64888,64889],{},[285,64890,64891],{"href":52691},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[138,64893,64894],{},[285,64895,54369],{"href":53140},[2052,64897,64898],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":64900},[64901,64902,64903,64904,64905,64912,64913,64914,64919,64920,64927,64935],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":63011,"depth":88,"text":63012},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":59710,"depth":88,"text":59711},{"id":63239,"depth":88,"text":63240,"children":64906},[64907,64908,64909,64910,64911],{"id":63243,"depth":251,"text":63244},{"id":63312,"depth":251,"text":63313},{"id":63390,"depth":251,"text":63391},{"id":63465,"depth":251,"text":63466},{"id":63532,"depth":251,"text":63533},{"id":63644,"depth":88,"text":63645},{"id":63779,"depth":88,"text":63780},{"id":64079,"depth":88,"text":64080,"children":64915},[64916,64917,64918],{"id":64088,"depth":251,"text":64089},{"id":64178,"depth":251,"text":64179},{"id":64272,"depth":251,"text":64273},{"id":64387,"depth":88,"text":64388},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":64921},[64922,64923,64925,64926],{"id":64554,"depth":251,"text":64555},{"id":64621,"depth":251,"text":64924},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64730,"depth":251,"text":64731},{"id":64797,"depth":251,"text":64798},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":64928},[64929,64931,64932,64933,64934],{"id":64811,"depth":251,"text":64930},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64826,"depth":251,"text":64827},{"id":64836,"depth":251,"text":64837},{"id":64843,"depth":251,"text":64844},{"id":64850,"depth":251,"text":64851},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62845,"description":64936},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64943,"title":64944,"body":64945,"description":66296,"extension":2099,"meta":66297,"navigation":254,"path":66298,"seo":66299,"stem":66300,"__hash__":66301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64946,"toc":66270},[64947,64952,64958,64967,64969,65042,65051,65056,65060,65076,65080,65082,65084,65103,65106,65134,65137,65162,65170,65172,65177,65184,65186,65243,65245,65253,65259,65263,65266,65339,65341,65349,65352,65375,65382,65388,65392,65398,65469,65471,65479,65488,65495,65502,65510,65654,65656,65673,65676,65715,65718,65722,65727,65729,65788,65794,65797,65904,65906,65921,65924,65931,65933,65937,66085,66088,66149,66152,66155,66176,66181,66185,66196,66199,66201,66206,66209,66217,66222,66228,66231,66237,66245,66247,66267],[10,64948,54433,64950,11437],{"id":64949},"python-list-index-method",[15,64951,59060],{},[20,64953,64954,64957],{},[15,64955,64956],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64959,64960,64961,64964,64965,292],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[110,64962,64963],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64966,40805],{},[130,64968,3734],{"id":3733},[28,64970,64972],{"className":30,"code":64971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64973,64974,65006,65029],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,64975,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,64977,670],{"class":43},[37,64979,48],{"class":47},[37,64981,519],{"class":51},[37,64983,56],{"class":55},[37,64985,329],{"class":59},[37,64987,56],{"class":55},[37,64989,65],{"class":51},[37,64991,68],{"class":55},[37,64993,338],{"class":59},[37,64995,56],{"class":55},[37,64997,65],{"class":51},[37,64999,68],{"class":55},[37,65001,4218],{"class":59},[37,65003,56],{"class":55},[37,65005,3760],{"class":51},[37,65007,65008,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65009,65010],{"class":43},"position ",[37,65012,48],{"class":47},[37,65014,6087],{"class":43},[37,65016,292],{"class":51},[37,65018,35955],{"class":102},[37,65020,95],{"class":51},[37,65022,56],{"class":55},[37,65024,338],{"class":59},[37,65026,56],{"class":55},[37,65028,85],{"class":51},[37,65030,65031,65033,65035,65038,65040],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65032,92],{"class":91},[37,65034,95],{"class":51},[37,65036,65037],{"class":102},"position",[37,65039,18],{"class":51},[37,65041,27886],{"class":3788},[20,65043,22,65044,65047,65048,65050],{},[15,65045,65046],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65049,40805],{}," if the item is not found.",[130,65052,296,65054,3805],{"id":65053},"what-listindex-does",[15,65055,64956],{},[20,65057,65058,3013],{},[15,65059,64956],{},[135,65061,65062,65065,65068,65073],{},[138,65063,65064],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[138,65066,65067],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[138,65069,65070,65071],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65072,1070],{},[138,65074,65075],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65077,54658,65078,292],{},[285,65079,52863],{"href":54661},[130,65081,159],{"id":158},[20,65083,30833],{},[28,65085,65087],{"className":30,"code":65086,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65088,65089],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65090,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65092,8457],{"class":43},[37,65094,292],{"class":51},[37,65096,35955],{"class":102},[37,65098,95],{"class":51},[37,65100,1215],{"class":102},[37,65102,85],{"class":51},[20,65104,65105],{},"You can also limit the search:",[28,65107,65109],{"className":30,"code":65108,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65110,65111],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65112,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65132],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65114,8457],{"class":43},[37,65116,292],{"class":51},[37,65118,35955],{"class":102},[37,65120,95],{"class":51},[37,65122,1215],{"class":102},[37,65124,65],{"class":51},[37,65126,36161],{"class":102},[37,65128,65],{"class":51},[37,65130,65131],{"class":102}," end",[37,65133,85],{"class":51},[20,65135,65136],{},"Here is what each part means:",[135,65138,65139,65144,65149,65154],{},[138,65140,65141,65143],{},[15,65142,1215],{},": the item to search for",[138,65145,65146,65148],{},[15,65147,36182],{},": where the search begins",[138,65150,65151,65153],{},[15,65152,52752],{},": where the search stops",[138,65155,65156,4902,65158,65161],{},[15,65157,52752],{},[110,65159,65160],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65163,65164,65165,65167,65168,292],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65166,36182],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65169,52752],{},[130,65171,38122],{"id":38121},[20,65173,65174,65176],{},[15,65175,64956],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65178,65179,65180,65183],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[110,65181,65182],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65185,197],{},[28,65187,65189],{"className":30,"code":65188,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65190,65191,65211,65229,65233],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65192,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65194,207],{"class":43},[37,65196,48],{"class":47},[37,65198,519],{"class":51},[37,65200,214],{"class":122},[37,65202,65],{"class":51},[37,65204,219],{"class":122},[37,65206,65],{"class":51},[37,65208,224],{"class":122},[37,65210,3760],{"class":51},[37,65212,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65214,2362],{"class":43},[37,65216,48],{"class":47},[37,65218,4383],{"class":43},[37,65220,292],{"class":51},[37,65222,35955],{"class":102},[37,65224,95],{"class":51},[37,65226,15863],{"class":122},[37,65228,85],{"class":51},[37,65230,65231],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65232,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,65234,65235,65237,65239,65241],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,65236,92],{"class":91},[37,65238,95],{"class":51},[37,65240,2397],{"class":102},[37,65242,85],{"class":51},[20,65244,112],{},[28,65246,65247],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,65248,65249],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65250,65251],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65252,471],{"class":122},[20,65254,65255,65256,65258],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65257,59060],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[130,65260,65262],{"id":65261},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65264,65265],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[28,65267,65269],{"className":30,"code":65268,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65270,65271,65303,65325,65329],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65272,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65274,320],{"class":43},[37,65276,48],{"class":47},[37,65278,519],{"class":51},[37,65280,56],{"class":55},[37,65282,329],{"class":59},[37,65284,56],{"class":55},[37,65286,65],{"class":51},[37,65288,68],{"class":55},[37,65290,338],{"class":59},[37,65292,56],{"class":55},[37,65294,65],{"class":51},[37,65296,68],{"class":55},[37,65298,4218],{"class":59},[37,65300,56],{"class":55},[37,65302,3760],{"class":51},[37,65304,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65306,65010],{"class":43},[37,65308,48],{"class":47},[37,65310,52943],{"class":43},[37,65312,292],{"class":51},[37,65314,35955],{"class":102},[37,65316,95],{"class":51},[37,65318,56],{"class":55},[37,65320,4218],{"class":59},[37,65322,56],{"class":55},[37,65324,85],{"class":51},[37,65326,65327],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65328,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,65330,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,65332,92],{"class":91},[37,65334,95],{"class":51},[37,65336,65037],{"class":102},[37,65338,85],{"class":51},[20,65340,112],{},[28,65342,65343],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,65344,65345],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65346,65347],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65348,1008],{"class":122},[20,65350,65351],{},"In this list:",[135,65353,65354,65361,65368],{},[138,65355,65356,65358,65359],{},[15,65357,57925],{}," is at index ",[15,65360,1070],{},[138,65362,65363,65358,65366],{},[15,65364,65365],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65367,501],{},[138,65369,65370,65358,65373],{},[15,65371,65372],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65374,508],{},[20,65376,53745,65377,2530,65380,292],{},[15,65378,65379],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65381,508],{},[20,65383,51634,65384,292],{},[285,65385,65387],{"href":65386},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[130,65389,65391],{"id":65390},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65393,65394,65395,65397],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65396,59060],{}," returns the first match only.",[28,65399,65401],{"className":30,"code":65400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65402,65403,65443,65447],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65404,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65406,44],{"class":43},[37,65408,48],{"class":47},[37,65410,519],{"class":51},[37,65412,56],{"class":55},[37,65414,60],{"class":59},[37,65416,56],{"class":55},[37,65418,65],{"class":51},[37,65420,68],{"class":55},[37,65422,80],{"class":59},[37,65424,56],{"class":55},[37,65426,65],{"class":51},[37,65428,68],{"class":55},[37,65430,60],{"class":59},[37,65432,56],{"class":55},[37,65434,65],{"class":51},[37,65436,68],{"class":55},[37,65438,71],{"class":59},[37,65440,56],{"class":55},[37,65442,3760],{"class":51},[37,65444,65445],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65446,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,65448,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65450,92],{"class":91},[37,65452,95],{"class":51},[37,65454,103],{"class":102},[37,65456,292],{"class":51},[37,65458,35955],{"class":102},[37,65460,95],{"class":51},[37,65462,56],{"class":55},[37,65464,60],{"class":59},[37,65466,56],{"class":55},[37,65468,106],{"class":51},[20,65470,112],{},[28,65472,65473],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,65474,65475],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65476,65477],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65478,419],{"class":122},[20,65480,21084,65481,65484,65485,65487],{},[15,65482,65483],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65486,1070],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65489,65490,65491,292],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[285,65492,55611,65493,10856],{"href":59119},[15,65494,57382],{},[130,65496,1872,65498,851,65500],{"id":65497},"using-start-and-end",[15,65499,36182],{},[15,65501,52752],{},[20,65503,65504,65505,851,65507,65509],{},"The optional ",[15,65506,36182],{},[15,65508,52752],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[28,65511,65513],{"className":30,"code":65512,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65514,65515,65563,65567,65592,65621],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65516,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65518,1729],{"class":43},[37,65520,48],{"class":47},[37,65522,519],{"class":51},[37,65524,56],{"class":55},[37,65526,285],{"class":59},[37,65528,56],{"class":55},[37,65530,65],{"class":51},[37,65532,68],{"class":55},[37,65534,777],{"class":59},[37,65536,56],{"class":55},[37,65538,65],{"class":51},[37,65540,68],{"class":55},[37,65542,1754],{"class":59},[37,65544,56],{"class":55},[37,65546,65],{"class":51},[37,65548,68],{"class":55},[37,65550,777],{"class":59},[37,65552,56],{"class":55},[37,65554,65],{"class":51},[37,65556,68],{"class":55},[37,65558,18875],{"class":59},[37,65560,56],{"class":55},[37,65562,3760],{"class":51},[37,65564,65565],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65566,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,65568,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65570,92],{"class":91},[37,65572,95],{"class":51},[37,65574,1785],{"class":102},[37,65576,292],{"class":51},[37,65578,35955],{"class":102},[37,65580,95],{"class":51},[37,65582,56],{"class":55},[37,65584,777],{"class":59},[37,65586,56],{"class":55},[37,65588,5482],{"class":51},[37,65590,65591],{"class":3788},"        # first match\n",[37,65593,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,65595,92],{"class":91},[37,65597,95],{"class":51},[37,65599,1785],{"class":102},[37,65601,292],{"class":51},[37,65603,35955],{"class":102},[37,65605,95],{"class":51},[37,65607,56],{"class":55},[37,65609,777],{"class":59},[37,65611,56],{"class":55},[37,65613,65],{"class":51},[37,65615,890],{"class":122},[37,65617,5482],{"class":51},[37,65619,65620],{"class":3788},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[37,65622,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,65624,92],{"class":91},[37,65626,95],{"class":51},[37,65628,1785],{"class":102},[37,65630,292],{"class":51},[37,65632,35955],{"class":102},[37,65634,95],{"class":51},[37,65636,56],{"class":55},[37,65638,777],{"class":59},[37,65640,56],{"class":55},[37,65642,65],{"class":51},[37,65644,5619],{"class":122},[37,65646,65],{"class":51},[37,65648,1134],{"class":122},[37,65650,5482],{"class":51},[37,65652,65653],{"class":3788},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65655,112],{},[28,65657,65659],{"className":30,"code":65658,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65660,65661,65665,65669],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65662,65663],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65664,471],{"class":122},[37,65666,65667],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65668,115],{"class":122},[37,65670,65671],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65672,471],{"class":122},[20,65674,65675],{},"How this works:",[135,65677,65678,65690,65703],{},[138,65679,65680,65683,65684,65687,65688],{},[15,65681,65682],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65685,65686],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65689,501],{},[138,65691,65692,65695,65696,65698,65699,65687,65701],{},[15,65693,65694],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65697,508],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65700,65686],{},[15,65702,1129],{},[138,65704,65705,65708,65709,2321,65711,17181,65713],{},[15,65706,65707],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65710,501],{},[15,65712,508],{},[15,65714,1129],{},[20,65716,65717],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[130,65719,65721],{"id":65720},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65723,65724,65725,292],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65726,40805],{},[20,65728,197],{},[28,65730,65732],{"className":30,"code":65731,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65733,65734,65766],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65735,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65737,670],{"class":43},[37,65739,48],{"class":47},[37,65741,519],{"class":51},[37,65743,56],{"class":55},[37,65745,329],{"class":59},[37,65747,56],{"class":55},[37,65749,65],{"class":51},[37,65751,68],{"class":55},[37,65753,338],{"class":59},[37,65755,56],{"class":55},[37,65757,65],{"class":51},[37,65759,68],{"class":55},[37,65761,4218],{"class":59},[37,65763,56],{"class":55},[37,65765,3760],{"class":51},[37,65767,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65769,92],{"class":91},[37,65771,95],{"class":51},[37,65773,687],{"class":102},[37,65775,292],{"class":51},[37,65777,35955],{"class":102},[37,65779,95],{"class":51},[37,65781,56],{"class":55},[37,65783,347],{"class":59},[37,65785,56],{"class":55},[37,65787,106],{"class":51},[20,65789,1382,65790,65793],{},[15,65791,65792],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65795,65796],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[28,65798,65800],{"className":30,"code":65799,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65801,65802,65834,65847,65851,65864,65883,65889],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65803,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65805,670],{"class":43},[37,65807,48],{"class":47},[37,65809,519],{"class":51},[37,65811,56],{"class":55},[37,65813,329],{"class":59},[37,65815,56],{"class":55},[37,65817,65],{"class":51},[37,65819,68],{"class":55},[37,65821,338],{"class":59},[37,65823,56],{"class":55},[37,65825,65],{"class":51},[37,65827,68],{"class":55},[37,65829,4218],{"class":59},[37,65831,56],{"class":55},[37,65833,3760],{"class":51},[37,65835,65836,65839,65841,65843,65845],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,65837,65838],{"class":43},"search_value ",[37,65840,48],{"class":47},[37,65842,68],{"class":55},[37,65844,347],{"class":59},[37,65846,3484],{"class":55},[37,65848,65849],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,65850,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,65852,65853,65855,65858,65860,65862],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,65854,1484],{"class":1483},[37,65856,65857],{"class":43}," search_value ",[37,65859,1773],{"class":47},[37,65861,6087],{"class":43},[37,65863,1501],{"class":51},[37,65865,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65881],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,65867,1506],{"class":91},[37,65869,95],{"class":51},[37,65871,687],{"class":102},[37,65873,292],{"class":51},[37,65875,35955],{"class":102},[37,65877,95],{"class":51},[37,65879,65880],{"class":102},"search_value",[37,65882,106],{"class":51},[37,65884,65885,65887],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,65886,27540],{"class":1483},[37,65888,1501],{"class":51},[37,65890,65891,65893,65895,65897,65900,65902],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,65892,1506],{"class":91},[37,65894,95],{"class":51},[37,65896,56],{"class":55},[37,65898,65899],{"class":59},"Item not found",[37,65901,56],{"class":55},[37,65903,85],{"class":51},[20,65905,112],{},[28,65907,65909],{"className":30,"code":65908,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Item not found\n",[15,65910,65911],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65912,65913,65916,65918],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65914,65915],{"class":43},"Item ",[37,65917,711],{"class":47},[37,65919,65920],{"class":43}," found\n",[20,65922,65923],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65925,65926,65927,292],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[285,65928,65930],{"href":65929},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[130,65932,155],{"id":4638},[20,65934,21318,65935,3013],{},[15,65936,64956],{},[135,65938,65939,65957,65969,66029],{},[138,65940,25881,65941,2530,65943,65946,65947,65949,65950,5281,65952,65954,65955,292],{},[15,65942,59060],{},[15,65944,65945],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9961,65948],{},"\nPython does ",[110,65951,711],{},[15,65953,65945],{},". It raises ",[15,65956,40805],{},[138,65958,65959,65960,65962,65965,65966,65968],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9961,65961],{},[15,65963,65964],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65967,65365],{},", not the value itself.",[138,65970,1872,65971,1866,65974,65976,65978,65979,16765,65981,66004,16753,66006],{},[15,65972,65973],{},"index[]",[15,65975,59060],{},[9961,65977],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9961,65980],{},[28,65982,65984],{"className":30,"code":65983,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65985,65986],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,65987,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,65989,687],{"class":43},[37,65991,292],{"class":51},[37,65993,35955],{"class":102},[37,65995,95],{"class":51},[37,65997,56],{"class":55},[37,65999,338],{"class":59},[37,66001,56],{"class":55},[37,66003,85],{"class":51},[9961,66005],{},[28,66007,66009],{"className":30,"code":66008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66010,66011],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66012,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66014,687],{"class":43},[37,66016,292],{"class":51},[37,66018,35955],{"class":24857},[37,66020,1067],{"class":51},[37,66022,56],{"class":55},[37,66024,338],{"class":59},[37,66026,56],{"class":55},[37,66028,3760],{"class":51},[138,66030,66031,66032,66034,851,66037,66039,66040],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9961,66033],{},[15,66035,66036],{},"\"3\"",[15,66038,1129],{}," are different values in Python.",[28,66041,66043],{"className":30,"code":66042,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66044,66045,66065],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66046,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66048,207],{"class":43},[37,66050,48],{"class":47},[37,66052,519],{"class":51},[37,66054,501],{"class":122},[37,66056,65],{"class":51},[37,66058,890],{"class":122},[37,66060,65],{"class":51},[37,66062,513],{"class":122},[37,66064,3760],{"class":51},[37,66066,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66068,92],{"class":91},[37,66070,95],{"class":51},[37,66072,56],{"class":55},[37,66074,1129],{"class":59},[37,66076,56],{"class":55},[37,66078,21280],{"class":1483},[37,66080,4383],{"class":102},[37,66082,18],{"class":51},[37,66084,4890],{"class":3788},[20,66086,66087],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[28,66089,66091],{"className":30,"code":66090,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66092,66093,66103,66117,66131],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66094,66095,66097,66099,66101],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66096,92],{"class":91},[37,66098,95],{"class":51},[37,66100,8457],{"class":102},[37,66102,85],{"class":51},[37,66104,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66106,92],{"class":91},[37,66108,95],{"class":51},[37,66110,757],{"class":756},[37,66112,95],{"class":51},[37,66114,65880],{"class":102},[37,66116,106],{"class":51},[37,66118,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,66120,92],{"class":91},[37,66122,95],{"class":51},[37,66124,65838],{"class":102},[37,66126,1773],{"class":1483},[37,66128,8514],{"class":102},[37,66130,85],{"class":51},[37,66132,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,66134,92],{"class":91},[37,66136,95],{"class":51},[37,66138,8457],{"class":102},[37,66140,292],{"class":51},[37,66142,35955],{"class":102},[37,66144,95],{"class":51},[37,66146,65880],{"class":102},[37,66148,106],{"class":51},[20,66150,66151],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66153,66154],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[135,66156,66157,66160,66167,66173],{},[138,66158,66159],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[138,66161,66162,66163,1866,66165],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66164,66036],{},[15,66166,1129],{},[138,66168,66169,66170,66172],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66171,59060],{}," returns only the first one",[138,66174,66175],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[130,66177,5080,66179],{"id":66178},"when-to-use-index",[15,66180,59060],{},[20,66182,22,66183,10716],{},[15,66184,59060],{},[135,66186,66187,66190,66193],{},[138,66188,66189],{},"You need the position of a known value",[138,66191,66192],{},"You are working with a small list",[138,66194,66195],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66197,66198],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[130,66200,1969],{"id":1968},[307,66202,5262,66204,5265],{"id":66203},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66205,64956],{},[20,66207,66208],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[307,66210,1983,66212,5281,66214,66216],{"id":66211},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66213,64956],{},[15,66215,65945],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66218,66219,66220,6752],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66221,40805],{},[307,66223,5290,66225,66227],{"id":66224},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66226,64956],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66229,66230],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[307,66232,66234,66235,2623],{"id":66233},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66236,59060],{},[20,66238,66239,66240,851,66242,66244],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66241,36182],{},[15,66243,52752],{}," arguments.",[130,66246,2025],{"id":2024},[135,66248,66249,66253,66257,66261],{},[138,66250,66251],{},[285,66252,59048],{"href":65386},[138,66254,66255],{},[285,66256,52863],{"href":54661},[138,66258,66259],{},[285,66260,65930],{"href":65929},[138,66262,66263],{},[285,66264,55611,66265,10856],{"href":59119},[15,66266,57382],{},[2052,66268,66269],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":66271},[66272,66273,66275,66276,66277,66278,66279,66281,66282,66283,66285,66295],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":65053,"depth":88,"text":66274},"What list.index() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":38121,"depth":88,"text":38122},{"id":65261,"depth":88,"text":65262},{"id":65390,"depth":88,"text":65391},{"id":65497,"depth":88,"text":66280},"Using start and end",{"id":65720,"depth":88,"text":65721},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155},{"id":66178,"depth":88,"text":66284},"When to use index()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":66286},[66287,66289,66291,66293],{"id":66203,"depth":251,"text":66288},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66211,"depth":251,"text":66290},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66224,"depth":251,"text":66292},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66233,"depth":251,"text":66294},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64944,"description":66296},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66303,"title":66304,"body":66305,"description":68247,"extension":2099,"meta":68248,"navigation":254,"path":68249,"seo":68250,"stem":68251,"__hash__":68252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66306,"toc":68207},[66307,66312,66317,66320,66329,66386,66392,66397,66401,66415,66421,66423,66446,66463,66465,66526,66528,66560,66573,66575,66578,66678,66680,66758,66764,66768,66776,66780,66786,66841,66843,66867,66871,66874,66927,66929,66953,66957,66960,67013,67015,67039,67043,67049,67120,67122,67163,67169,67176,67179,67184,67192,67197,67205,67207,67304,67306,67375,67382,67387,67389,67393,67398,67400,67471,67473,67502,67508,67510,67537,67540,67563,67567,67570,67592,67595,67618,67620,67680,67682,67714,67720,67725,67778,67780,67805,67808,67857,67859,67880,67884,67889,67892,67947,67949,67976,67983,67987,67992,68063,68066,68080,68085,68090,68092,68106,68118,68123,68125,68130,68135,68139,68142,68148,68154,68161,68169,68171,68204],[10,66308,54433,66310,11437],{"id":66309},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66311,54359],{},[20,66313,66314,66316],{},[15,66315,54003],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66318,66319],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66321,22,66322,66324,66325,292],{},[15,66323,54359],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[285,66326,55611,66327,10856],{"href":56860},[15,66328,52744],{},[28,66330,66332],{"className":30,"code":66331,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66333,66334,66354,66372,66382],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66335,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66337,207],{"class":43},[37,66339,48],{"class":47},[37,66341,519],{"class":51},[37,66343,501],{"class":122},[37,66345,65],{"class":51},[37,66347,890],{"class":122},[37,66349,65],{"class":51},[37,66351,1134],{"class":122},[37,66353,3760],{"class":51},[37,66355,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66357,246],{"class":43},[37,66359,292],{"class":51},[37,66361,54043],{"class":102},[37,66363,95],{"class":51},[37,66365,508],{"class":122},[37,66367,65],{"class":51},[37,66369,513],{"class":122},[37,66371,85],{"class":51},[37,66373,66374,66376,66378,66380],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,66375,92],{"class":91},[37,66377,95],{"class":51},[37,66379,246],{"class":102},[37,66381,85],{"class":51},[37,66383,66384],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,66385,52815],{"class":3788},[20,66387,22,66388,66391],{},[15,66389,66390],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[130,66393,296,66395,3805],{"id":66394},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66396,54003],{},[20,66398,66399,3013],{},[15,66400,54003],{},[135,66402,66403,66406,66409,66411],{},[138,66404,66405],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[138,66407,66408],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[138,66410,54519],{},[138,66412,11539,66413],{},[15,66414,3904],{},[20,66416,66417,66418,66420],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66419,54359],{}," does not create a new list.",[130,66422,5552],{"id":5551},[28,66424,66426],{"className":30,"code":66425,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66427,66428],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66429,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66431,8457],{"class":43},[37,66433,292],{"class":51},[37,66435,54043],{"class":102},[37,66437,95],{"class":51},[37,66439,35955],{"class":102},[37,66441,65],{"class":51},[37,66443,29614],{"class":102},[37,66445,85],{"class":51},[135,66447,66448,66453,66458],{},[138,66449,66450,66452],{},[15,66451,35955],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[138,66454,66455,66457],{},[15,66456,23417],{}," is the value to add",[138,66459,66460,66461],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66462,1070],{},[20,66464,197],{},[28,66466,66468],{"className":30,"code":66467,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66469,66470,66494,66516],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66471,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66473,1729],{"class":43},[37,66475,48],{"class":47},[37,66477,519],{"class":51},[37,66479,56],{"class":55},[37,66481,285],{"class":59},[37,66483,56],{"class":55},[37,66485,65],{"class":51},[37,66487,68],{"class":55},[37,66489,1754],{"class":59},[37,66491,56],{"class":55},[37,66493,3760],{"class":51},[37,66495,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66497,1785],{"class":43},[37,66499,292],{"class":51},[37,66501,54043],{"class":102},[37,66503,95],{"class":51},[37,66505,501],{"class":122},[37,66507,65],{"class":51},[37,66509,68],{"class":55},[37,66511,777],{"class":59},[37,66513,56],{"class":55},[37,66515,85],{"class":51},[37,66517,66518,66520,66522,66524],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,66519,92],{"class":91},[37,66521,95],{"class":51},[37,66523,1785],{"class":102},[37,66525,85],{"class":51},[20,66527,112],{},[28,66529,66530],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,66531,66532],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66533,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66535,1067],{"class":51},[37,66537,821],{"class":55},[37,66539,285],{"class":59},[37,66541,821],{"class":55},[37,66543,65],{"class":51},[37,66545,815],{"class":55},[37,66547,777],{"class":59},[37,66549,821],{"class":55},[37,66551,65],{"class":51},[37,66553,815],{"class":55},[37,66555,1754],{"class":59},[37,66557,821],{"class":55},[37,66559,3760],{"class":51},[20,66561,1088,66562,66564,66565,66567,66568,851,66570,292],{},[15,66563,65686],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66566,501],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66569,18203],{},[15,66571,66572],{},"\"c\"",[130,66574,5909],{"id":5908},[20,66576,66577],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[28,66579,66581],{"className":30,"code":66580,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66582,66583,66615,66633,66637,66659],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66584,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66586,44],{"class":43},[37,66588,48],{"class":47},[37,66590,519],{"class":51},[37,66592,56],{"class":55},[37,66594,60],{"class":59},[37,66596,56],{"class":55},[37,66598,65],{"class":51},[37,66600,68],{"class":55},[37,66602,80],{"class":59},[37,66604,56],{"class":55},[37,66606,65],{"class":51},[37,66608,68],{"class":55},[37,66610,71],{"class":59},[37,66612,56],{"class":55},[37,66614,3760],{"class":51},[37,66616,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66618,92],{"class":91},[37,66620,95],{"class":51},[37,66622,56],{"class":55},[37,66624,11678],{"class":59},[37,66626,56],{"class":55},[37,66628,65],{"class":51},[37,66630,13233],{"class":102},[37,66632,85],{"class":51},[37,66634,66635],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,66636,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,66638,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,66640,103],{"class":43},[37,66642,292],{"class":51},[37,66644,54043],{"class":102},[37,66646,95],{"class":51},[37,66648,501],{"class":122},[37,66650,65],{"class":51},[37,66652,68],{"class":55},[37,66654,627],{"class":59},[37,66656,56],{"class":55},[37,66658,85],{"class":51},[37,66660,66661,66663,66665,66667,66670,66672,66674,66676],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,66662,92],{"class":91},[37,66664,95],{"class":51},[37,66666,56],{"class":55},[37,66668,66669],{"class":59},"After: ",[37,66671,56],{"class":55},[37,66673,65],{"class":51},[37,66675,13233],{"class":102},[37,66677,85],{"class":51},[20,66679,112],{},[28,66681,66683],{"className":30,"code":66682,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66684,66685,66717],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66686,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66688,11737],{"class":43},[37,66690,3013],{"class":51},[37,66692,519],{"class":51},[37,66694,821],{"class":55},[37,66696,60],{"class":59},[37,66698,821],{"class":55},[37,66700,65],{"class":51},[37,66702,815],{"class":55},[37,66704,80],{"class":59},[37,66706,821],{"class":55},[37,66708,65],{"class":51},[37,66710,815],{"class":55},[37,66712,71],{"class":59},[37,66714,821],{"class":55},[37,66716,3760],{"class":51},[37,66718,66719,66721,66723,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66720,11790],{"class":43},[37,66722,3013],{"class":51},[37,66724,66725],{"class":51},"  [",[37,66727,821],{"class":55},[37,66729,60],{"class":59},[37,66731,821],{"class":55},[37,66733,65],{"class":51},[37,66735,815],{"class":55},[37,66737,627],{"class":59},[37,66739,821],{"class":55},[37,66741,65],{"class":51},[37,66743,815],{"class":55},[37,66745,80],{"class":59},[37,66747,821],{"class":55},[37,66749,65],{"class":51},[37,66751,815],{"class":55},[37,66753,71],{"class":59},[37,66755,821],{"class":55},[37,66757,3760],{"class":51},[20,66759,66760,66761,66763],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66762,501],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[130,66765,66767],{"id":66766},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66769,1531,66770,35438,66772,66775],{},[15,66771,35955],{},[15,66773,66774],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[307,66777,66779],{"id":66778},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66781,66782,66783,66785],{},"Use index ",[15,66784,1070],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[28,66787,66789],{"className":30,"code":66788,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66790,66791,66812,66831],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66792,66793,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66794,66795],{"class":43},"nums ",[37,66797,48],{"class":47},[37,66799,519],{"class":51},[37,66801,508],{"class":122},[37,66803,65],{"class":51},[37,66805,513],{"class":122},[37,66807,65],{"class":51},[37,66809,1134],{"class":122},[37,66811,3760],{"class":51},[37,66813,66814,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66815,66816],{"class":43},"nums",[37,66818,292],{"class":51},[37,66820,54043],{"class":102},[37,66822,95],{"class":51},[37,66824,1070],{"class":122},[37,66826,65],{"class":51},[37,66828,5619],{"class":122},[37,66830,85],{"class":51},[37,66832,66833,66835,66837,66839],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,66834,92],{"class":91},[37,66836,95],{"class":51},[37,66838,66816],{"class":102},[37,66840,85],{"class":51},[20,66842,112],{},[28,66844,66845],{"className":30,"code":53597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,66846,66847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66848,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66850,1067],{"class":51},[37,66852,501],{"class":122},[37,66854,65],{"class":51},[37,66856,890],{"class":122},[37,66858,65],{"class":51},[37,66860,513],{"class":122},[37,66862,65],{"class":51},[37,66864,1134],{"class":122},[37,66866,3760],{"class":51},[307,66868,66870],{"id":66869},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66872,66873],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[28,66875,66877],{"className":30,"code":66876,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66878,66879,66899,66917],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66880,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66882,66795],{"class":43},[37,66884,48],{"class":47},[37,66886,519],{"class":51},[37,66888,501],{"class":122},[37,66890,65],{"class":51},[37,66892,890],{"class":122},[37,66894,65],{"class":51},[37,66896,1134],{"class":122},[37,66898,3760],{"class":51},[37,66900,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66902,66816],{"class":43},[37,66904,292],{"class":51},[37,66906,54043],{"class":102},[37,66908,95],{"class":51},[37,66910,508],{"class":122},[37,66912,65],{"class":51},[37,66914,513],{"class":122},[37,66916,85],{"class":51},[37,66918,66919,66921,66923,66925],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,66920,92],{"class":91},[37,66922,95],{"class":51},[37,66924,66816],{"class":102},[37,66926,85],{"class":51},[20,66928,112],{},[28,66930,66931],{"className":30,"code":53597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,66932,66933],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66934,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66936,1067],{"class":51},[37,66938,501],{"class":122},[37,66940,65],{"class":51},[37,66942,890],{"class":122},[37,66944,65],{"class":51},[37,66946,513],{"class":122},[37,66948,65],{"class":51},[37,66950,1134],{"class":122},[37,66952,3760],{"class":51},[307,66954,66956],{"id":66955},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66958,66959],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[28,66961,66963],{"className":30,"code":66962,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66964,66965,66985,67003],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,66966,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,66968,66795],{"class":43},[37,66970,48],{"class":47},[37,66972,519],{"class":51},[37,66974,501],{"class":122},[37,66976,65],{"class":51},[37,66978,890],{"class":122},[37,66980,65],{"class":51},[37,66982,513],{"class":122},[37,66984,3760],{"class":51},[37,66986,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,66988,66816],{"class":43},[37,66990,292],{"class":51},[37,66992,54043],{"class":102},[37,66994,95],{"class":51},[37,66996,214],{"class":122},[37,66998,65],{"class":51},[37,67000,1134],{"class":122},[37,67002,85],{"class":51},[37,67004,67005,67007,67009,67011],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67006,92],{"class":91},[37,67008,95],{"class":51},[37,67010,66816],{"class":102},[37,67012,85],{"class":51},[20,67014,112],{},[28,67016,67017],{"className":30,"code":53597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,67018,67019],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67020,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67022,1067],{"class":51},[37,67024,501],{"class":122},[37,67026,65],{"class":51},[37,67028,890],{"class":122},[37,67030,65],{"class":51},[37,67032,513],{"class":122},[37,67034,65],{"class":51},[37,67036,1134],{"class":122},[37,67038,3760],{"class":51},[307,67040,67042],{"id":67041},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67044,67045,67046,67048],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67047,54359],{}," places the item before that position.",[28,67050,67052],{"className":30,"code":67051,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67053,67054,67086,67110],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67055,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67057,1729],{"class":43},[37,67059,48],{"class":47},[37,67061,519],{"class":51},[37,67063,56],{"class":55},[37,67065,285],{"class":59},[37,67067,56],{"class":55},[37,67069,65],{"class":51},[37,67071,68],{"class":55},[37,67073,777],{"class":59},[37,67075,56],{"class":55},[37,67077,65],{"class":51},[37,67079,68],{"class":55},[37,67081,18875],{"class":59},[37,67083,56],{"class":55},[37,67085,3760],{"class":51},[37,67087,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67089,1785],{"class":43},[37,67091,292],{"class":51},[37,67093,54043],{"class":102},[37,67095,95],{"class":51},[37,67097,2159],{"class":47},[37,67099,501],{"class":122},[37,67101,65],{"class":51},[37,67103,68],{"class":55},[37,67105,1754],{"class":59},[37,67107,56],{"class":55},[37,67109,85],{"class":51},[37,67111,67112,67114,67116,67118],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67113,92],{"class":91},[37,67115,95],{"class":51},[37,67117,1785],{"class":102},[37,67119,85],{"class":51},[20,67121,112],{},[28,67123,67125],{"className":30,"code":67124,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67126,67127],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67128,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67130,1067],{"class":51},[37,67132,821],{"class":55},[37,67134,285],{"class":59},[37,67136,821],{"class":55},[37,67138,65],{"class":51},[37,67140,815],{"class":55},[37,67142,777],{"class":59},[37,67144,821],{"class":55},[37,67146,65],{"class":51},[37,67148,815],{"class":55},[37,67150,1754],{"class":59},[37,67152,821],{"class":55},[37,67154,65],{"class":51},[37,67156,815],{"class":55},[37,67158,18875],{"class":59},[37,67160,821],{"class":55},[37,67162,3760],{"class":51},[20,67164,67165,67166,2437],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[285,67167,67168],{"href":51072},"Python lists beginner guide",[130,67170,67172,10700,67174],{"id":67171},"insert-vs-append",[15,67173,54359],{},[15,67175,52744],{},[20,67177,67178],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[307,67180,22,67182,10716],{"id":67181},"use-insert-when",[15,67183,54359],{},[135,67185,67186,67189],{},[138,67187,67188],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[138,67190,67191],{},"The order of the list matters",[307,67193,22,67195,10716],{"id":67194},"use-append-when",[15,67196,52744],{},[135,67198,67199,67202],{},[138,67200,67201],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[138,67203,67204],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67206,197],{},[28,67208,67210],{"className":30,"code":67209,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67211,67212,67236,67240,67262,67272,67276,67294],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67213,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67215,670],{"class":43},[37,67217,48],{"class":47},[37,67219,519],{"class":51},[37,67221,56],{"class":55},[37,67223,329],{"class":59},[37,67225,56],{"class":55},[37,67227,65],{"class":51},[37,67229,68],{"class":55},[37,67231,347],{"class":59},[37,67233,56],{"class":55},[37,67235,3760],{"class":51},[37,67237,67238],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67239,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,67241,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67243,687],{"class":43},[37,67245,292],{"class":51},[37,67247,54043],{"class":102},[37,67249,95],{"class":51},[37,67251,501],{"class":122},[37,67253,65],{"class":51},[37,67255,68],{"class":55},[37,67257,338],{"class":59},[37,67259,56],{"class":55},[37,67261,85],{"class":51},[37,67263,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,67265,92],{"class":91},[37,67267,95],{"class":51},[37,67269,687],{"class":102},[37,67271,85],{"class":51},[37,67273,67274],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,67275,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,67277,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,67279,687],{"class":43},[37,67281,292],{"class":51},[37,67283,13662],{"class":102},[37,67285,95],{"class":51},[37,67287,56],{"class":55},[37,67289,22639],{"class":59},[37,67291,56],{"class":55},[37,67293,85],{"class":51},[37,67295,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,67297,92],{"class":91},[37,67299,95],{"class":51},[37,67301,687],{"class":102},[37,67303,85],{"class":51},[20,67305,112],{},[28,67307,67309],{"className":30,"code":67308,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67310,67311,67339],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67312,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67314,1067],{"class":51},[37,67316,821],{"class":55},[37,67318,329],{"class":59},[37,67320,821],{"class":55},[37,67322,65],{"class":51},[37,67324,815],{"class":55},[37,67326,338],{"class":59},[37,67328,821],{"class":55},[37,67330,65],{"class":51},[37,67332,815],{"class":55},[37,67334,347],{"class":59},[37,67336,821],{"class":55},[37,67338,3760],{"class":51},[37,67340,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67342,1067],{"class":51},[37,67344,821],{"class":55},[37,67346,329],{"class":59},[37,67348,821],{"class":55},[37,67350,65],{"class":51},[37,67352,815],{"class":55},[37,67354,338],{"class":59},[37,67356,821],{"class":55},[37,67358,65],{"class":51},[37,67360,815],{"class":55},[37,67362,347],{"class":59},[37,67364,821],{"class":55},[37,67366,65],{"class":51},[37,67368,815],{"class":55},[37,67370,22639],{"class":59},[37,67372,821],{"class":55},[37,67374,3760],{"class":51},[20,67376,67377,67378,292],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[285,67379,55611,67380,10856],{"href":56860},[15,67381,52744],{},[20,67383,67384,67385,292],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[285,67386,53141],{"href":53140},[130,67388,155],{"id":4638},[20,67390,14843,67391,292],{},[15,67392,54359],{},[307,67394,12707,67396],{"id":67395},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67397,54359],{},[20,67399,1184],{},[28,67401,67403],{"className":30,"code":67402,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67404,67405,67425,67447,67451,67461],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67406,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67408,207],{"class":43},[37,67410,48],{"class":47},[37,67412,519],{"class":51},[37,67414,501],{"class":122},[37,67416,65],{"class":51},[37,67418,890],{"class":122},[37,67420,65],{"class":51},[37,67422,513],{"class":122},[37,67424,3760],{"class":51},[37,67426,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67428,2362],{"class":43},[37,67430,48],{"class":47},[37,67432,4383],{"class":43},[37,67434,292],{"class":51},[37,67436,54043],{"class":102},[37,67438,95],{"class":51},[37,67440,501],{"class":122},[37,67442,65],{"class":51},[37,67444,10311],{"class":122},[37,67446,85],{"class":51},[37,67448,67449],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67450,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,67452,67453,67455,67457,67459],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,67454,92],{"class":91},[37,67456,95],{"class":51},[37,67458,2397],{"class":102},[37,67460,85],{"class":51},[37,67462,67463,67465,67467,67469],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,67464,92],{"class":91},[37,67466,95],{"class":51},[37,67468,246],{"class":102},[37,67470,85],{"class":51},[20,67472,112],{},[28,67474,67476],{"className":30,"code":67475,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67477,67478,67482],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67479,67480],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67481,11920],{"class":3977},[37,67483,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67485,1067],{"class":51},[37,67487,501],{"class":122},[37,67489,65],{"class":51},[37,67491,10311],{"class":122},[37,67493,65],{"class":51},[37,67495,890],{"class":122},[37,67497,65],{"class":51},[37,67499,513],{"class":122},[37,67501,3760],{"class":51},[20,67503,67504,54244,67506,292],{},[15,67505,54359],{},[15,67507,3904],{},[20,67509,16753],{},[28,67511,67513],{"className":30,"code":67512,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67514,67515],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67516,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67518,55981],{"class":43},[37,67520,48],{"class":47},[37,67522,4383],{"class":43},[37,67524,292],{"class":51},[37,67526,54043],{"class":102},[37,67528,95],{"class":51},[37,67530,501],{"class":122},[37,67532,65],{"class":51},[37,67534,10311],{"class":122},[37,67536,85],{"class":51},[20,67538,67539],{},"Right:",[28,67541,67543],{"className":30,"code":67542,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67544,67545],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67546,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67548,246],{"class":43},[37,67550,292],{"class":51},[37,67552,54043],{"class":102},[37,67554,95],{"class":51},[37,67556,501],{"class":122},[37,67558,65],{"class":51},[37,67560,10311],{"class":122},[37,67562,85],{"class":51},[307,67564,67566],{"id":67565},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67568,67569],{},"The correct order is:",[28,67571,67572],{"className":30,"code":66425,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,67573,67574],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67575,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67577,8457],{"class":43},[37,67579,292],{"class":51},[37,67581,54043],{"class":102},[37,67583,95],{"class":51},[37,67585,35955],{"class":102},[37,67587,65],{"class":51},[37,67589,29614],{"class":102},[37,67591,85],{"class":51},[20,67593,67594],{},"Not:",[28,67596,67598],{"className":30,"code":67597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67599,67600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67601,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67603,8457],{"class":43},[37,67605,292],{"class":51},[37,67607,54043],{"class":102},[37,67609,95],{"class":51},[37,67611,23417],{"class":102},[37,67613,65],{"class":51},[37,67615,35930],{"class":102},[37,67617,85],{"class":51},[20,67619,197],{},[28,67621,67622],{"className":30,"code":66467,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,67623,67624,67648,67670],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67625,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67627,1729],{"class":43},[37,67629,48],{"class":47},[37,67631,519],{"class":51},[37,67633,56],{"class":55},[37,67635,285],{"class":59},[37,67637,56],{"class":55},[37,67639,65],{"class":51},[37,67641,68],{"class":55},[37,67643,1754],{"class":59},[37,67645,56],{"class":55},[37,67647,3760],{"class":51},[37,67649,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67651,1785],{"class":43},[37,67653,292],{"class":51},[37,67655,54043],{"class":102},[37,67657,95],{"class":51},[37,67659,501],{"class":122},[37,67661,65],{"class":51},[37,67663,68],{"class":55},[37,67665,777],{"class":59},[37,67667,56],{"class":55},[37,67669,85],{"class":51},[37,67671,67672,67674,67676,67678],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67673,92],{"class":91},[37,67675,95],{"class":51},[37,67677,1785],{"class":102},[37,67679,85],{"class":51},[20,67681,112],{},[28,67683,67684],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,67685,67686],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67687,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67689,1067],{"class":51},[37,67691,821],{"class":55},[37,67693,285],{"class":59},[37,67695,821],{"class":55},[37,67697,65],{"class":51},[37,67699,815],{"class":55},[37,67701,777],{"class":59},[37,67703,821],{"class":55},[37,67705,65],{"class":51},[37,67707,815],{"class":55},[37,67709,1754],{"class":59},[37,67711,821],{"class":55},[37,67713,3760],{"class":51},[307,67715,1880,67717,67719],{"id":67716},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67718,54359],{}," to replace an item",[20,67721,67722,67724],{},[15,67723,54359],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[28,67726,67728],{"className":30,"code":67727,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67729,67730,67750,67768],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67731,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67733,207],{"class":43},[37,67735,48],{"class":47},[37,67737,519],{"class":51},[37,67739,501],{"class":122},[37,67741,65],{"class":51},[37,67743,890],{"class":122},[37,67745,65],{"class":51},[37,67747,513],{"class":122},[37,67749,3760],{"class":51},[37,67751,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67753,246],{"class":43},[37,67755,292],{"class":51},[37,67757,54043],{"class":102},[37,67759,95],{"class":51},[37,67761,501],{"class":122},[37,67763,65],{"class":51},[37,67765,10311],{"class":122},[37,67767,85],{"class":51},[37,67769,67770,67772,67774,67776],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67771,92],{"class":91},[37,67773,95],{"class":51},[37,67775,246],{"class":102},[37,67777,85],{"class":51},[20,67779,112],{},[28,67781,67783],{"className":30,"code":67782,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67784,67785],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67786,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67788,1067],{"class":51},[37,67790,501],{"class":122},[37,67792,65],{"class":51},[37,67794,10311],{"class":122},[37,67796,65],{"class":51},[37,67798,890],{"class":122},[37,67800,65],{"class":51},[37,67802,513],{"class":122},[37,67804,3760],{"class":51},[20,67806,67807],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[28,67809,67811],{"className":30,"code":67810,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67812,67813,67833,67847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67814,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67816,207],{"class":43},[37,67818,48],{"class":47},[37,67820,519],{"class":51},[37,67822,501],{"class":122},[37,67824,65],{"class":51},[37,67826,890],{"class":122},[37,67828,65],{"class":51},[37,67830,513],{"class":122},[37,67832,3760],{"class":51},[37,67834,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67836,246],{"class":43},[37,67838,1067],{"class":51},[37,67840,501],{"class":122},[37,67842,13383],{"class":51},[37,67844,1342],{"class":47},[37,67846,14240],{"class":122},[37,67848,67849,67851,67853,67855],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67850,92],{"class":91},[37,67852,95],{"class":51},[37,67854,246],{"class":102},[37,67856,85],{"class":51},[20,67858,112],{},[28,67860,67862],{"className":30,"code":67861,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67863,67864],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67865,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67867,1067],{"class":51},[37,67869,501],{"class":122},[37,67871,65],{"class":51},[37,67873,10311],{"class":122},[37,67875,65],{"class":51},[37,67877,513],{"class":122},[37,67879,3760],{"class":51},[307,67881,67883],{"id":67882},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67885,67886,67888],{},[15,67887,54359],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67890,67891],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[28,67893,67895],{"className":30,"code":67894,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67896,67897,67913,67937],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67898,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67900,207],{"class":43},[37,67902,48],{"class":47},[37,67904,519],{"class":51},[37,67906,501],{"class":122},[37,67908,65],{"class":51},[37,67910,1134],{"class":122},[37,67912,3760],{"class":51},[37,67914,67915,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,67916,246],{"class":43},[37,67918,292],{"class":51},[37,67920,54043],{"class":102},[37,67922,95],{"class":51},[37,67924,501],{"class":122},[37,67926,65],{"class":51},[37,67928,519],{"class":51},[37,67930,508],{"class":122},[37,67932,65],{"class":51},[37,67934,513],{"class":122},[37,67936,530],{"class":51},[37,67938,67939,67941,67943,67945],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,67940,92],{"class":91},[37,67942,95],{"class":51},[37,67944,246],{"class":102},[37,67946,85],{"class":51},[20,67948,112],{},[28,67950,67952],{"className":30,"code":67951,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67953,67954],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67955,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,67957,1067],{"class":51},[37,67959,501],{"class":122},[37,67961,65],{"class":51},[37,67963,519],{"class":51},[37,67965,508],{"class":122},[37,67967,65],{"class":51},[37,67969,513],{"class":122},[37,67971,893],{"class":51},[37,67973,1134],{"class":122},[37,67975,3760],{"class":51},[20,67977,67978,67979,292],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[285,67980,55611,67981,10856],{"href":53436},[15,67982,53538],{},[307,67984,67986],{"id":67985},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67988,8994,67989,67991],{},[15,67990,54359],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[28,67993,67995],{"className":30,"code":67994,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67996,67997,68007,68021,68039,68053],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,67998,67999,68001,68003,68005],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68000,92],{"class":91},[37,68002,95],{"class":51},[37,68004,8457],{"class":102},[37,68006,85],{"class":51},[37,68008,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68010,92],{"class":91},[37,68012,95],{"class":51},[37,68014,17],{"class":91},[37,68016,95],{"class":51},[37,68018,8457],{"class":102},[37,68020,106],{"class":51},[37,68022,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,68024,92],{"class":91},[37,68026,95],{"class":51},[37,68028,8457],{"class":102},[37,68030,292],{"class":51},[37,68032,54043],{"class":24857},[37,68034,292],{"class":51},[37,68036,34553],{"class":34560},[37,68038,85],{"class":51},[37,68040,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,68042,1937],{"class":91},[37,68044,95],{"class":51},[37,68046,8213],{"class":756},[37,68048,292],{"class":51},[37,68050,54043],{"class":24857},[37,68052,85],{"class":51},[37,68054,68055,68057,68059,68061],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,68056,757],{"class":756},[37,68058,95],{"class":51},[37,68060,8457],{"class":102},[37,68062,85],{"class":51},[20,68064,68065],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[135,68067,68068,68071,68074,68077],{},[138,68069,68070],{},"What is currently in the list",[138,68072,68073],{},"How long the list is",[138,68075,68076],{},"That you are working with a real list",[138,68078,68079],{},"How Python describes the method",[130,68081,5080,68083],{"id":68082},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68084,54359],{},[20,68086,22,68087,68089],{},[15,68088,54359],{}," when position matters.",[20,68091,36527],{},[135,68093,68094,68097,68100,68103],{},[138,68095,68096],{},"Ordered menus",[138,68098,68099],{},"Rankings or score lists",[138,68101,68102],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[138,68104,68105],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68107,68108,68109,68111,68112,68114,68115,68117],{},"You usually do ",[110,68110,711],{}," need ",[15,68113,54359],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68116,52744],{}," is simpler.",[20,68119,68120,68121,292],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[285,68122,57246],{"href":57245},[130,68124,1969],{"id":1968},[307,68126,1983,68128,55560],{"id":68127},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68129,54003],{},[20,68131,68132,68133,292],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68134,3904],{},[307,68136,68138],{"id":68137},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68140,68141],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[307,68143,5290,68145,68147],{"id":68144},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68146,54003],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68149,68150,68151,68153],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68152,53538],{}," or slicing.",[307,68155,5300,68157,851,68159,2623],{"id":68156},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68158,54359],{},[15,68160,52744],{},[20,68162,68163,68165,68166,68168],{},[15,68164,54359],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68167,52744],{}," adds only at the end.",[130,68170,2025],{"id":2024},[135,68172,68173,68179,68185,68189,68193,68197],{},[138,68174,68175],{},[285,68176,55611,68177,10856],{"href":56860},[15,68178,52744],{},[138,68180,68181],{},[285,68182,55611,68183,10856],{"href":53436},[15,68184,53538],{},[138,68186,68187],{},[285,68188,54369],{"href":53140},[138,68190,68191],{},[285,68192,52863],{"href":51072},[138,68194,68195],{},[285,68196,57320],{"href":57245},[138,68198,68199],{},[285,68200,30455,68201,33740],{"href":54387},[15,68202,68203],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2052,68205,68206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":68208},[68209,68211,68212,68213,68219,68226,68235,68237,68246],{"id":66394,"depth":88,"text":68210},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5551,"depth":88,"text":5552},{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":66766,"depth":88,"text":66767,"children":68214},[68215,68216,68217,68218],{"id":66778,"depth":251,"text":66779},{"id":66869,"depth":251,"text":66870},{"id":66955,"depth":251,"text":66956},{"id":67041,"depth":251,"text":67042},{"id":67171,"depth":88,"text":68220,"children":68221},"insert() vs append()",[68222,68224],{"id":67181,"depth":251,"text":68223},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67194,"depth":251,"text":68225},"Use append() when:",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":68227},[68228,68230,68231,68233,68234],{"id":67395,"depth":251,"text":68229},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67565,"depth":251,"text":67566},{"id":67716,"depth":251,"text":68232},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67882,"depth":251,"text":67883},{"id":67985,"depth":251,"text":67986},{"id":68082,"depth":88,"text":68236},"When to use insert()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":68238},[68239,68241,68242,68244],{"id":68127,"depth":251,"text":68240},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68137,"depth":251,"text":68138},{"id":68144,"depth":251,"text":68243},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68156,"depth":251,"text":68245},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66304,"description":68247},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68254,"title":68255,"body":68256,"description":69808,"extension":2099,"meta":69809,"navigation":254,"path":59065,"seo":69810,"stem":69811,"__hash__":69812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68257,"toc":69781},[68258,68264,68273,68322,68324,68332,68338,68340,68357,68363,68368,68371,68374,68389,68391,68443,68445,68453,68461,68468,68470,68476,68541,68543,68551,68553,68572,68575,68626,68630,68635,68662,68664,68672,68675,68744,68746,68761,68767,68771,68780,68783,68838,68840,68848,68851,68853,68898,68900,68908,68914,68916,68924,68927,68929,68968,68970,69009,69014,69016,69018,69053,69056,69058,69096,69100,69106,69108,69159,69161,69169,69176,69179,69200,69203,69258,69269,69271,69332,69334,69343,69350,69356,69359,69362,69419,69422,69435,69442,69448,69454,69456,69469,69472,69569,69571,69588,69591,69671,69673,69695,69702,69708,69710,69714,69720,69726,69731,69735,69738,69744,69751,69753,69778],[10,68259,68261,68262,18],{"id":68260},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68263,17],{},[20,68265,68266,68267,68269,68270,68272],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68268,25],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68271,25],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[28,68274,68276],{"className":30,"code":68275,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68277,68278,68298,68312],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68279,68280,68282,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68281,207],{"class":43},[37,68283,48],{"class":47},[37,68285,519],{"class":51},[37,68287,214],{"class":122},[37,68289,65],{"class":51},[37,68291,219],{"class":122},[37,68293,65],{"class":51},[37,68295,224],{"class":122},[37,68297,3760],{"class":51},[37,68299,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68301,236],{"class":43},[37,68303,48],{"class":47},[37,68305,241],{"class":91},[37,68307,95],{"class":51},[37,68309,246],{"class":102},[37,68311,85],{"class":51},[37,68313,68314,68316,68318,68320],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,68315,92],{"class":91},[37,68317,95],{"class":51},[37,68319,265],{"class":102},[37,68321,85],{"class":51},[20,68323,112],{},[28,68325,68326],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,68327,68328],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68329,68330],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68331,115],{"class":122},[20,68333,22,68334,68337],{},[15,68335,68336],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[130,68339,133],{"id":132},[135,68341,68342,68347,68351,68354],{},[138,68343,140,68344,68346],{},[15,68345,25],{}," works with Python lists",[138,68348,146,68349,149],{},[15,68350,25],{},[138,68352,68353],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[138,68355,68356],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[130,68358,296,68360,68362],{"id":68359},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68361,25],{}," returns for a list",[20,68364,68365,65176],{},[15,68366,68367],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68369,68370],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68372,68373],{},"A few important points:",[135,68375,68376,68379,68384],{},[138,68377,68378],{},"It counts list items",[138,68380,41007,68381,68383],{},[110,68382,711],{}," count characters inside a string item",[138,68385,68386,68387],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68388,1070],{},[20,68390,197],{},[28,68392,68394],{"className":30,"code":68393,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68395,68396,68429],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68397,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68399,965],{"class":43},[37,68401,48],{"class":47},[37,68403,519],{"class":51},[37,68405,56],{"class":55},[37,68407,37149],{"class":59},[37,68409,56],{"class":55},[37,68411,65],{"class":51},[37,68413,68],{"class":55},[37,68415,68416],{"class":59},"elephant",[37,68418,56],{"class":55},[37,68420,65],{"class":51},[37,68422,68],{"class":55},[37,68424,58219],{"class":59},[37,68426,56],{"class":55},[37,68428,3760],{"class":51},[37,68430,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68432,92],{"class":91},[37,68434,95],{"class":51},[37,68436,17],{"class":91},[37,68438,95],{"class":51},[37,68440,999],{"class":102},[37,68442,106],{"class":51},[20,68444,112],{},[28,68446,68447],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,68448,68449],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68450,68451],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68452,115],{"class":122},[20,68454,21084,68455,68458,68459,65183],{},[15,68456,68457],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[110,68460,52748],{},[20,68462,68463,68464,292],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[285,68465,288,68466,291],{"href":287},[15,68467,25],{},[130,68469,5909],{"id":5908},[20,68471,68472,68473,68475],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68474,25],{},", and print the result.",[28,68477,68479],{"className":30,"code":68478,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68480,68481,68513,68527,68531],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68482,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68484,44],{"class":43},[37,68486,48],{"class":47},[37,68488,519],{"class":51},[37,68490,56],{"class":55},[37,68492,60],{"class":59},[37,68494,56],{"class":55},[37,68496,65],{"class":51},[37,68498,68],{"class":55},[37,68500,71],{"class":59},[37,68502,56],{"class":55},[37,68504,65],{"class":51},[37,68506,68],{"class":55},[37,68508,80],{"class":59},[37,68510,56],{"class":55},[37,68512,3760],{"class":51},[37,68514,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68516,236],{"class":43},[37,68518,48],{"class":47},[37,68520,241],{"class":91},[37,68522,95],{"class":51},[37,68524,103],{"class":102},[37,68526,85],{"class":51},[37,68528,68529],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,68530,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,68532,68533,68535,68537,68539],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,68534,92],{"class":91},[37,68536,95],{"class":51},[37,68538,265],{"class":102},[37,68540,85],{"class":51},[20,68542,112],{},[28,68544,68545],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,68546,68547],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68548,68549],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68550,115],{"class":122},[20,68552,11797],{},[135,68554,68555,68560,68567],{},[138,68556,68557,68559],{},[15,68558,103],{}," is a list with 3 items",[138,68561,68562,2530,68565],{},[15,68563,68564],{},"len(colors)",[15,68566,1129],{},[138,68568,68569,68570],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68571,265],{},[20,68573,68574],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[28,68576,68578],{"className":30,"code":68577,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68579,68580,68612],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68581,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68583,44],{"class":43},[37,68585,48],{"class":47},[37,68587,519],{"class":51},[37,68589,56],{"class":55},[37,68591,60],{"class":59},[37,68593,56],{"class":55},[37,68595,65],{"class":51},[37,68597,68],{"class":55},[37,68599,71],{"class":59},[37,68601,56],{"class":55},[37,68603,65],{"class":51},[37,68605,68],{"class":55},[37,68607,80],{"class":59},[37,68609,56],{"class":55},[37,68611,3760],{"class":51},[37,68613,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68615,92],{"class":91},[37,68617,95],{"class":51},[37,68619,17],{"class":91},[37,68621,95],{"class":51},[37,68623,103],{"class":102},[37,68625,106],{"class":51},[130,68627,68629],{"id":68628},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68631,68632,68633,292],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68634,1070],{},[28,68636,68638],{"className":30,"code":68637,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68639,68640,68648],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68641,68642,68644,68646],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68643,670],{"class":43},[37,68645,48],{"class":47},[37,68647,7958],{"class":51},[37,68649,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68651,92],{"class":91},[37,68653,95],{"class":51},[37,68655,17],{"class":91},[37,68657,95],{"class":51},[37,68659,687],{"class":102},[37,68661,106],{"class":51},[20,68663,112],{},[28,68665,68666],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,68667,68668],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68669,68670],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68671,419],{"class":122},[20,68673,68674],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[28,68676,68678],{"className":30,"code":68677,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68679,68680,68688,68692,68710,68724,68730],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68681,68682,68684,68686],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68683,670],{"class":43},[37,68685,48],{"class":47},[37,68687,7958],{"class":51},[37,68689,68690],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68691,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,68693,68694,68696,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,68695,1484],{"class":1483},[37,68697,241],{"class":91},[37,68699,95],{"class":51},[37,68701,687],{"class":102},[37,68703,18],{"class":51},[37,68705,38497],{"class":47},[37,68707,1498],{"class":122},[37,68709,1501],{"class":51},[37,68711,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,68713,1506],{"class":91},[37,68715,95],{"class":51},[37,68717,687],{"class":102},[37,68719,1067],{"class":51},[37,68721,1070],{"class":122},[37,68723,530],{"class":51},[37,68725,68726,68728],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,68727,27540],{"class":1483},[37,68729,1501],{"class":51},[37,68731,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,68733,1506],{"class":91},[37,68735,95],{"class":51},[37,68737,56],{"class":55},[37,68739,51907],{"class":59},[37,68741,56],{"class":55},[37,68743,85],{"class":51},[20,68745,112],{},[28,68747,68749],{"className":30,"code":68748,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"The list is empty\n",[15,68750,68751],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68752,68753,68755,68757,68759],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68754,1531],{"class":43},[37,68756,8213],{"class":756},[37,68758,1536],{"class":47},[37,68760,1539],{"class":43},[20,68762,68763,68764,68766],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[285,68765,52863],{"href":51072}," is a good next step.",[130,68768,68770],{"id":68769},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68772,68773,68775,68776,68779],{},[15,68774,25],{}," counts only the ",[110,68777,68778],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68781,68782],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[28,68784,68786],{"className":30,"code":68785,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68787,68788,68824],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68789,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68791,494],{"class":43},[37,68793,48],{"class":47},[37,68795,56385],{"class":51},[37,68797,501],{"class":122},[37,68799,65],{"class":51},[37,68801,890],{"class":122},[37,68803,893],{"class":51},[37,68805,519],{"class":51},[37,68807,1129],{"class":122},[37,68809,65],{"class":51},[37,68811,1134],{"class":122},[37,68813,893],{"class":51},[37,68815,519],{"class":51},[37,68817,446],{"class":122},[37,68819,65],{"class":51},[37,68821,1145],{"class":122},[37,68823,53334],{"class":51},[37,68825,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68827,92],{"class":91},[37,68829,95],{"class":51},[37,68831,17],{"class":91},[37,68833,95],{"class":51},[37,68835,543],{"class":102},[37,68837,106],{"class":51},[20,68839,112],{},[28,68841,68842],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,68843,68844],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68845,68846],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68847,115],{"class":122},[20,68849,68850],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68852,52171],{},[28,68854,68856],{"className":30,"code":68855,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68857,68858,68884],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68859,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68861,869],{"class":43},[37,68863,48],{"class":47},[37,68865,519],{"class":51},[37,68867,501],{"class":122},[37,68869,65],{"class":51},[37,68871,519],{"class":51},[37,68873,508],{"class":122},[37,68875,65],{"class":51},[37,68877,513],{"class":122},[37,68879,893],{"class":51},[37,68881,1134],{"class":122},[37,68883,3760],{"class":51},[37,68885,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68887,92],{"class":91},[37,68889,95],{"class":51},[37,68891,17],{"class":91},[37,68893,95],{"class":51},[37,68895,926],{"class":102},[37,68897,106],{"class":51},[20,68899,112],{},[28,68901,68902],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,68903,68904],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68905,68906],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68907,115],{"class":122},[20,68909,21084,68910,68913],{},[15,68911,68912],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[130,68915,155],{"id":4638},[307,68917,1872,68919,1866,68922],{"id":68918},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68920,68921],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68923,68367],{},[20,68925,68926],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68928,16753],{},[28,68930,68932],{"className":30,"code":68931,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68933,68934,68954],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68935,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68937,207],{"class":43},[37,68939,48],{"class":47},[37,68941,519],{"class":51},[37,68943,214],{"class":122},[37,68945,65],{"class":51},[37,68947,219],{"class":122},[37,68949,65],{"class":51},[37,68951,224],{"class":122},[37,68953,3760],{"class":51},[37,68955,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68957,92],{"class":91},[37,68959,95],{"class":51},[37,68961,246],{"class":102},[37,68963,292],{"class":51},[37,68965,17],{"class":102},[37,68967,7315],{"class":51},[20,68969,16765],{},[28,68971,68973],{"className":30,"code":68972,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68974,68975,68995],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,68976,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,68978,207],{"class":43},[37,68980,48],{"class":47},[37,68982,519],{"class":51},[37,68984,214],{"class":122},[37,68986,65],{"class":51},[37,68988,219],{"class":122},[37,68990,65],{"class":51},[37,68992,224],{"class":122},[37,68994,3760],{"class":51},[37,68996,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,68998,92],{"class":91},[37,69000,95],{"class":51},[37,69002,17],{"class":91},[37,69004,95],{"class":51},[37,69006,246],{"class":102},[37,69008,106],{"class":51},[20,69010,69011,69013],{},[15,69012,25],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[307,69015,25795],{"id":25794},[20,69017,16753],{},[28,69019,69021],{"className":30,"code":69020,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69022,69023,69043],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69024,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69026,207],{"class":43},[37,69028,48],{"class":47},[37,69030,519],{"class":51},[37,69032,214],{"class":122},[37,69034,65],{"class":51},[37,69036,219],{"class":122},[37,69038,65],{"class":51},[37,69040,224],{"class":122},[37,69042,3760],{"class":51},[37,69044,69045,69047,69049,69051],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69046,92],{"class":91},[37,69048,95],{"class":51},[37,69050,17],{"class":91},[37,69052,85],{"class":51},[20,69054,69055],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69057,16765],{},[28,69059,69060],{"className":30,"code":68972,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,69061,69062,69082],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69063,69064,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69065,207],{"class":43},[37,69067,48],{"class":47},[37,69069,519],{"class":51},[37,69071,214],{"class":122},[37,69073,65],{"class":51},[37,69075,219],{"class":122},[37,69077,65],{"class":51},[37,69079,224],{"class":122},[37,69081,3760],{"class":51},[37,69083,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69085,92],{"class":91},[37,69087,95],{"class":51},[37,69089,17],{"class":91},[37,69091,95],{"class":51},[37,69093,246],{"class":102},[37,69095,106],{"class":51},[307,69097,69099],{"id":69098},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69101,69102,69103,69105],{},"The length of a list is ",[110,69104,711],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69107,197],{},[28,69109,69111],{"className":30,"code":69110,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69112,69113,69145],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69114,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69116,1729],{"class":43},[37,69118,48],{"class":47},[37,69120,519],{"class":51},[37,69122,56],{"class":55},[37,69124,285],{"class":59},[37,69126,56],{"class":55},[37,69128,65],{"class":51},[37,69130,68],{"class":55},[37,69132,777],{"class":59},[37,69134,56],{"class":55},[37,69136,65],{"class":51},[37,69138,68],{"class":55},[37,69140,1754],{"class":59},[37,69142,56],{"class":55},[37,69144,3760],{"class":51},[37,69146,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69148,92],{"class":91},[37,69150,95],{"class":51},[37,69152,17],{"class":91},[37,69154,95],{"class":51},[37,69156,1785],{"class":102},[37,69158,106],{"class":51},[20,69160,112],{},[28,69162,69163],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,69164,69165],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69166,69167],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69168,115],{"class":122},[20,69170,69171,69172,19071,69174,292],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69173,508],{},[15,69175,1129],{},[20,69177,69178],{},"Indexes are:",[135,69180,69181,69188,69194],{},[138,69182,69183,69185,69186],{},[15,69184,1070],{}," for ",[15,69187,18203],{},[138,69189,69190,69185,69192],{},[15,69191,501],{},[15,69193,65686],{},[138,69195,69196,69185,69198],{},[15,69197,508],{},[15,69199,66572],{},[20,69201,69202],{},"So this causes an error:",[28,69204,69206],{"className":30,"code":69205,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69207,69208,69240],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69209,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69211,1729],{"class":43},[37,69213,48],{"class":47},[37,69215,519],{"class":51},[37,69217,56],{"class":55},[37,69219,285],{"class":59},[37,69221,56],{"class":55},[37,69223,65],{"class":51},[37,69225,68],{"class":55},[37,69227,777],{"class":59},[37,69229,56],{"class":55},[37,69231,65],{"class":51},[37,69233,68],{"class":55},[37,69235,1754],{"class":59},[37,69237,56],{"class":55},[37,69239,3760],{"class":51},[37,69241,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69243,92],{"class":91},[37,69245,95],{"class":51},[37,69247,1785],{"class":102},[37,69249,1067],{"class":51},[37,69251,17],{"class":91},[37,69253,95],{"class":51},[37,69255,1785],{"class":102},[37,69257,10794],{"class":51},[20,69259,8613,69260,4902,69263,69265,69266,69268],{},[15,69261,69262],{},"len(letters)",[15,69264,1129],{},", and index ",[15,69267,1129],{}," does not exist.",[20,69270,18948],{},[28,69272,69274],{"className":30,"code":69273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69275,69276,69308],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69277,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69279,1729],{"class":43},[37,69281,48],{"class":47},[37,69283,519],{"class":51},[37,69285,56],{"class":55},[37,69287,285],{"class":59},[37,69289,56],{"class":55},[37,69291,65],{"class":51},[37,69293,68],{"class":55},[37,69295,777],{"class":59},[37,69297,56],{"class":55},[37,69299,65],{"class":51},[37,69301,68],{"class":55},[37,69303,1754],{"class":59},[37,69305,56],{"class":55},[37,69307,3760],{"class":51},[37,69309,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69311,92],{"class":91},[37,69313,95],{"class":51},[37,69315,1785],{"class":102},[37,69317,1067],{"class":51},[37,69319,17],{"class":91},[37,69321,95],{"class":51},[37,69323,1785],{"class":102},[37,69325,18],{"class":51},[37,69327,2354],{"class":47},[37,69329,5619],{"class":122},[37,69331,530],{"class":51},[20,69333,112],{},[28,69335,69337],{"className":30,"code":69336,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"c\n",[15,69338,69339],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69340,69341],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69342,69336],{"class":43},[20,69344,69345,69346,292],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[285,69347,69349],{"href":69348},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[307,69351,1872,69353,69355],{"id":69352},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69354,25],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69357,69358],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69360,69361],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[28,69363,69365],{"className":30,"code":69364,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69366,69367,69377,69391,69405],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69368,69369,69371,69373,69375],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69370,92],{"class":91},[37,69372,95],{"class":51},[37,69374,8457],{"class":102},[37,69376,85],{"class":51},[37,69378,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69380,92],{"class":91},[37,69382,95],{"class":51},[37,69384,17],{"class":91},[37,69386,95],{"class":51},[37,69388,8457],{"class":102},[37,69390,106],{"class":51},[37,69392,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,69394,92],{"class":91},[37,69396,95],{"class":51},[37,69398,757],{"class":756},[37,69400,95],{"class":51},[37,69402,8457],{"class":102},[37,69404,106],{"class":51},[37,69406,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,69408,92],{"class":91},[37,69410,95],{"class":51},[37,69412,8457],{"class":102},[37,69414,1067],{"class":51},[37,69416,1070],{"class":122},[37,69418,530],{"class":51},[20,69420,69421],{},"These help you verify:",[135,69423,69424,69427,69429,69432],{},[138,69425,69426],{},"what the variable contains",[138,69428,60875],{},[138,69430,69431],{},"whether it is really a list",[138,69433,69434],{},"what the first item is",[20,69436,69437,69438,69441],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69439,69440],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[130,69443,5080,69445,69447],{"id":69444},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69446,25],{}," with lists",[20,69449,69450,69451,69453],{},"You will often use ",[15,69452,25],{}," in real programs.",[20,69455,9489],{},[135,69457,69458,69460,69463,69466],{},[138,69459,51861],{},[138,69461,69462],{},"Control loops",[138,69464,69465],{},"Validate input or results",[138,69467,69468],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69470,69471],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[28,69473,69475],{"className":30,"code":69474,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69476,69477,69497,69513,69517,69531,69545],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69478,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69480,722],{"class":43},[37,69482,48],{"class":47},[37,69484,519],{"class":51},[37,69486,501],{"class":122},[37,69488,65],{"class":51},[37,69490,890],{"class":122},[37,69492,65],{"class":51},[37,69494,513],{"class":122},[37,69496,3760],{"class":51},[37,69498,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69500,735],{"class":43},[37,69502,48],{"class":47},[37,69504,519],{"class":51},[37,69506,214],{"class":122},[37,69508,65],{"class":51},[37,69510,219],{"class":122},[37,69512,3760],{"class":51},[37,69514,69515],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,69516,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,69518,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,69520,92],{"class":91},[37,69522,95],{"class":51},[37,69524,17],{"class":91},[37,69526,95],{"class":51},[37,69528,285],{"class":102},[37,69530,106],{"class":51},[37,69532,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,69534,92],{"class":91},[37,69536,95],{"class":51},[37,69538,17],{"class":91},[37,69540,95],{"class":51},[37,69542,777],{"class":102},[37,69544,106],{"class":51},[37,69546,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,69548,92],{"class":91},[37,69550,95],{"class":51},[37,69552,17],{"class":91},[37,69554,95],{"class":51},[37,69556,285],{"class":102},[37,69558,18],{"class":51},[37,69560,38497],{"class":47},[37,69562,241],{"class":91},[37,69564,95],{"class":51},[37,69566,777],{"class":102},[37,69568,106],{"class":51},[20,69570,112],{},[28,69572,69574],{"className":30,"code":69573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69575,69576,69580,69584],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69577,69578],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69579,115],{"class":122},[37,69581,69582],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69583,1008],{"class":122},[37,69585,69586],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,69587,4103],{"class":3977},[20,69589,69590],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[28,69592,69594],{"className":30,"code":69593,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69595,69596,69628,69632,69652],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69597,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69599,5114],{"class":43},[37,69601,48],{"class":47},[37,69603,519],{"class":51},[37,69605,56],{"class":55},[37,69607,1646],{"class":59},[37,69609,56],{"class":55},[37,69611,65],{"class":51},[37,69613,68],{"class":55},[37,69615,36050],{"class":59},[37,69617,56],{"class":55},[37,69619,65],{"class":51},[37,69621,68],{"class":55},[37,69623,36059],{"class":59},[37,69625,56],{"class":55},[37,69627,3760],{"class":51},[37,69629,69630],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69631,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,69633,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,69635,1767],{"class":1483},[37,69637,1770],{"class":43},[37,69639,1773],{"class":1483},[37,69641,1776],{"class":91},[37,69643,95],{"class":51},[37,69645,17],{"class":91},[37,69647,95],{"class":51},[37,69649,5158],{"class":102},[37,69651,1788],{"class":51},[37,69653,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69665,69667,69669],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,69655,1506],{"class":91},[37,69657,95],{"class":51},[37,69659,1797],{"class":102},[37,69661,65],{"class":51},[37,69663,69664],{"class":102}," names",[37,69666,1067],{"class":51},[37,69668,1797],{"class":102},[37,69670,530],{"class":51},[20,69672,112],{},[28,69674,69675],{"className":30,"code":36108,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,69676,69677,69683,69689],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69678,69679,69681],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69680,1070],{"class":122},[37,69682,36117],{"class":43},[37,69684,69685,69687],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69686,501],{"class":122},[37,69688,36124],{"class":43},[37,69690,69691,69693],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,69692,508],{"class":122},[37,69694,36131],{"class":43},[20,69696,69697,69698,292],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[285,69699,69701],{"href":69700},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69703,69704,69705,69707],{},"You can also read ",[285,69706,51638],{"href":51637}," for a task-focused guide.",[130,69709,1969],{"id":1968},[307,69711,69713],{"id":69712},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69715,22,69716,69719],{},[15,69717,69718],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[307,69721,5262,69723,12828],{"id":69722},"what-does-len-return",[15,69724,69725],{},"len([])",[20,69727,5268,69728,69730],{},[15,69729,1070],{}," because the list is empty.",[307,69732,69734],{"id":69733},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69736,69737],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[307,69739,28435,69741,69743],{"id":69740},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69742,68921],{}," in Python?",[20,69745,30378,69746,8340,69748,69750],{},[15,69747,68367],{},[15,69749,25],{}," is a built-in function.",[130,69752,2025],{"id":2024},[135,69754,69755,69761,69765,69769,69773],{},[138,69756,69757],{},[285,69758,288,69759,291],{"href":287},[15,69760,25],{},[138,69762,69763],{},[285,69764,52682],{"href":51637},[138,69766,69767],{},[285,69768,52863],{"href":51072},[138,69770,69771],{},[285,69772,69349],{"href":69348},[138,69774,69775],{},[285,69776,69777],{"href":69700},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2052,69779,69780],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":69782},[69783,69784,69786,69787,69788,69789,69797,69799,69807],{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":68359,"depth":88,"text":69785},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":68628,"depth":88,"text":68629},{"id":68769,"depth":88,"text":68770},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":69790},[69791,69793,69794,69795],{"id":68918,"depth":251,"text":69792},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25794,"depth":251,"text":25795},{"id":69098,"depth":251,"text":69099},{"id":69352,"depth":251,"text":69796},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69444,"depth":88,"text":69798},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":69800},[69801,69802,69804,69805],{"id":69712,"depth":251,"text":69713},{"id":69722,"depth":251,"text":69803},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69733,"depth":251,"text":69734},{"id":69740,"depth":251,"text":69806},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68255,"description":69808},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69814,"title":69815,"body":69816,"description":71797,"extension":2099,"meta":71798,"navigation":254,"path":71799,"seo":71800,"stem":71801,"__hash__":71802},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69817,"toc":71770},[69818,69821,69826,69829,69837,69850,69852,69917,69919,69941,69946,69950,69955,69963,69965,69975,69977,70058,70060,70090,70092,70111,70116,70133,70135,70218,70220,70250,70255,70259,70265,70349,70351,70381,70384,70388,70391,70482,70484,70522,70525,70610,70612,70642,70648,70655,70659,70664,70673,70675,70760,70762,70791,70794,70802,70806,70810,70819,70842,70844,70866,70868,70882,70884,70944,70948,70953,70992,70994,71011,71013,71023,71122,71127,71131,71136,71179,71181,71209,71211,71225,71300,71302,71324,71328,71331,71336,71347,71352,71360,71363,71434,71436,71461,71518,71520,71541,71550,71558,71563,71565,71570,71591,71594,71669,71672,71686,71693,71695,71699,71705,71709,71719,71723,71730,71734,71740,71742,71767],[10,69819,69815],{"id":69820},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69822,69823,69825],{},[15,69824,55173],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69827,69828],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[135,69830,69831,69834],{},[138,69832,69833],{},"delete an item from a list",[138,69835,69836],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69838,69839,69840,69842,69843,8823,69845,69849],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69841,12875],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69844,12875],{},[285,69846,69847],{"href":55163},[15,69848,55620],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[130,69851,2140],{"id":2139},[28,69853,69855],{"className":30,"code":69854,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69856,69857,69877,69892,69896,69907],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69858,69859,69861,69863,69865,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69860,207],{"class":43},[37,69862,48],{"class":47},[37,69864,519],{"class":51},[37,69866,214],{"class":122},[37,69868,65],{"class":51},[37,69870,219],{"class":122},[37,69872,65],{"class":51},[37,69874,224],{"class":122},[37,69876,3760],{"class":51},[37,69878,69879,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69880,69881],{"class":43},"last_item ",[37,69883,48],{"class":47},[37,69885,4383],{"class":43},[37,69887,292],{"class":51},[37,69889,26347],{"class":102},[37,69891,8761],{"class":51},[37,69893,69894],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,69895,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,69897,69898,69900,69902,69905],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,69899,92],{"class":91},[37,69901,95],{"class":51},[37,69903,69904],{"class":102},"last_item",[37,69906,85],{"class":51},[37,69908,69909,69911,69913,69915],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,69910,92],{"class":91},[37,69912,95],{"class":51},[37,69914,246],{"class":102},[37,69916,85],{"class":51},[20,69918,112],{},[28,69920,69922],{"className":30,"code":69921,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69923,69924,69929],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69925,69926],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69927,69928],{"class":122},"30\n",[37,69930,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,69932,1067],{"class":51},[37,69934,214],{"class":122},[37,69936,65],{"class":51},[37,69938,219],{"class":122},[37,69940,3760],{"class":51},[20,69942,22,69943,69945],{},[15,69944,12875],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[130,69947,69949],{"id":69948},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69951,69952,69954],{},[15,69953,12875],{}," has two main jobs:",[135,69956,69957,69960],{},[138,69958,69959],{},"It removes one item from a list",[138,69961,69962],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69964,43749],{},[135,69966,69967,69970,69973],{},[138,69968,69969],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[138,69971,69972],{},"It changes the original list",[138,69974,52837],{},[20,69976,197],{},[28,69978,69980],{"className":30,"code":69979,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69981,69982,70014,70018,70033,70037,70048],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,69983,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,69985,44],{"class":43},[37,69987,48],{"class":47},[37,69989,519],{"class":51},[37,69991,56],{"class":55},[37,69993,60],{"class":59},[37,69995,56],{"class":55},[37,69997,65],{"class":51},[37,69999,68],{"class":55},[37,70001,71],{"class":59},[37,70003,56],{"class":55},[37,70005,65],{"class":51},[37,70007,68],{"class":55},[37,70009,80],{"class":59},[37,70011,56],{"class":55},[37,70013,3760],{"class":51},[37,70015,70016],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70017,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70019,70020,70023,70025,70027,70029,70031],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70021,70022],{"class":43},"removed ",[37,70024,48],{"class":47},[37,70026,13233],{"class":43},[37,70028,292],{"class":51},[37,70030,26347],{"class":102},[37,70032,8761],{"class":51},[37,70034,70035],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70036,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70038,70039,70041,70043,70046],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70040,92],{"class":91},[37,70042,95],{"class":51},[37,70044,70045],{"class":102},"removed",[37,70047,85],{"class":51},[37,70049,70050,70052,70054,70056],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70051,92],{"class":91},[37,70053,95],{"class":51},[37,70055,103],{"class":102},[37,70057,85],{"class":51},[20,70059,112],{},[28,70061,70063],{"className":30,"code":70062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70064,70065,70070],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70066,70067],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70068,70069],{"class":43},"blue\n",[37,70071,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70073,1067],{"class":51},[37,70075,821],{"class":55},[37,70077,60],{"class":59},[37,70079,821],{"class":55},[37,70081,65],{"class":51},[37,70083,815],{"class":55},[37,70085,71],{"class":59},[37,70087,821],{"class":55},[37,70089,3760],{"class":51},[130,70091,159],{"id":158},[28,70093,70095],{"className":30,"code":70094,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70096,70097],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70098,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70100,8213],{"class":756},[37,70102,292],{"class":51},[37,70104,26347],{"class":102},[37,70106,3115],{"class":51},[37,70108,35955],{"class":102},[37,70110,530],{"class":51},[20,70112,1531,70113,70115],{},[15,70114,35955],{}," is optional.",[135,70117,70118,70124,70130],{},[138,70119,70120,70121,70123],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70122,12875],{}," removes the last item",[138,70125,70126,70127,70129],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70128,12875],{}," removes the item at that position",[138,70131,70132],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70134,197],{},[28,70136,70138],{"className":30,"code":70137,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70139,70140,70172,70176,70194,70198,70208],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70141,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70143,1729],{"class":43},[37,70145,48],{"class":47},[37,70147,519],{"class":51},[37,70149,56],{"class":55},[37,70151,285],{"class":59},[37,70153,56],{"class":55},[37,70155,65],{"class":51},[37,70157,68],{"class":55},[37,70159,777],{"class":59},[37,70161,56],{"class":55},[37,70163,65],{"class":51},[37,70165,68],{"class":55},[37,70167,1754],{"class":59},[37,70169,56],{"class":55},[37,70171,3760],{"class":51},[37,70173,70174],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70175,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70177,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70179,28645],{"class":43},[37,70181,48],{"class":47},[37,70183,1802],{"class":43},[37,70185,292],{"class":51},[37,70187,26347],{"class":102},[37,70189,95],{"class":51},[37,70191,501],{"class":122},[37,70193,85],{"class":51},[37,70195,70196],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70197,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70199,70200,70202,70204,70206],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70201,92],{"class":91},[37,70203,95],{"class":51},[37,70205,23417],{"class":102},[37,70207,85],{"class":51},[37,70209,70210,70212,70214,70216],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70211,92],{"class":91},[37,70213,95],{"class":51},[37,70215,1785],{"class":102},[37,70217,85],{"class":51},[20,70219,112],{},[28,70221,70223],{"className":30,"code":70222,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70224,70225,70230],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70226,70227],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70228,70229],{"class":43},"b\n",[37,70231,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70233,1067],{"class":51},[37,70235,821],{"class":55},[37,70237,285],{"class":59},[37,70239,821],{"class":55},[37,70241,65],{"class":51},[37,70243,815],{"class":55},[37,70245,1754],{"class":59},[37,70247,821],{"class":55},[37,70249,3760],{"class":51},[20,70251,70252,70253,292],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[285,70254,52863],{"href":51072},[130,70256,70258],{"id":70257},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70260,70261,70262,70264],{},"When you call ",[15,70263,12875],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[28,70266,70268],{"className":30,"code":70267,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70269,70270,70305,70309,70324,70328,70339],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70271,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70283,70285,70287,70289,70292,70294,70296,70298,70301,70303],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70273,30005],{"class":43},[37,70275,48],{"class":47},[37,70277,519],{"class":51},[37,70279,56],{"class":55},[37,70281,70282],{"class":59},"write",[37,70284,56],{"class":55},[37,70286,65],{"class":51},[37,70288,68],{"class":55},[37,70290,70291],{"class":59},"test",[37,70293,56],{"class":55},[37,70295,65],{"class":51},[37,70297,68],{"class":55},[37,70299,70300],{"class":59},"submit",[37,70302,56],{"class":55},[37,70304,3760],{"class":51},[37,70306,70307],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70308,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70310,70311,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70312,70313],{"class":43},"last_task ",[37,70315,48],{"class":47},[37,70317,30083],{"class":43},[37,70319,292],{"class":51},[37,70321,26347],{"class":102},[37,70323,8761],{"class":51},[37,70325,70326],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70327,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70329,70330,70332,70334,70337],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70331,92],{"class":91},[37,70333,95],{"class":51},[37,70335,70336],{"class":102},"last_task",[37,70338,85],{"class":51},[37,70340,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70342,92],{"class":91},[37,70344,95],{"class":51},[37,70346,36607],{"class":102},[37,70348,85],{"class":51},[20,70350,112],{},[28,70352,70354],{"className":30,"code":70353,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70355,70356,70361],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70357,70358],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70359,70360],{"class":43},"submit\n",[37,70362,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70364,1067],{"class":51},[37,70366,821],{"class":55},[37,70368,70282],{"class":59},[37,70370,821],{"class":55},[37,70372,65],{"class":51},[37,70374,815],{"class":55},[37,70376,70291],{"class":59},[37,70378,821],{"class":55},[37,70380,3760],{"class":51},[20,70382,70383],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[130,70385,70387],{"id":70386},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70389,70390],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[28,70392,70394],{"className":30,"code":70393,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70395,70396,70436,70440,70458,70462,70472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70397,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70399,320],{"class":43},[37,70401,48],{"class":47},[37,70403,519],{"class":51},[37,70405,56],{"class":55},[37,70407,329],{"class":59},[37,70409,56],{"class":55},[37,70411,65],{"class":51},[37,70413,68],{"class":55},[37,70415,338],{"class":59},[37,70417,56],{"class":55},[37,70419,65],{"class":51},[37,70421,68],{"class":55},[37,70423,4218],{"class":59},[37,70425,56],{"class":55},[37,70427,65],{"class":51},[37,70429,68],{"class":55},[37,70431,347],{"class":59},[37,70433,56],{"class":55},[37,70435,3760],{"class":51},[37,70437,70438],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70439,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70441,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452,70454,70456],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70443,70022],{"class":43},[37,70445,48],{"class":47},[37,70447,52943],{"class":43},[37,70449,292],{"class":51},[37,70451,26347],{"class":102},[37,70453,95],{"class":51},[37,70455,501],{"class":122},[37,70457,85],{"class":51},[37,70459,70460],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70461,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70463,70464,70466,70468,70470],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70465,92],{"class":91},[37,70467,95],{"class":51},[37,70469,70045],{"class":102},[37,70471,85],{"class":51},[37,70473,70474,70476,70478,70480],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70475,92],{"class":91},[37,70477,95],{"class":51},[37,70479,364],{"class":102},[37,70481,85],{"class":51},[20,70483,112],{},[28,70485,70487],{"className":30,"code":70486,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70488,70489,70494],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70490,70491],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70492,70493],{"class":43},"banana\n",[37,70495,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70497,1067],{"class":51},[37,70499,821],{"class":55},[37,70501,329],{"class":59},[37,70503,821],{"class":55},[37,70505,65],{"class":51},[37,70507,815],{"class":55},[37,70509,4218],{"class":59},[37,70511,821],{"class":55},[37,70513,65],{"class":51},[37,70515,815],{"class":55},[37,70517,347],{"class":59},[37,70519,821],{"class":55},[37,70521,3760],{"class":51},[20,70523,70524],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[28,70526,70528],{"className":30,"code":70527,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70529,70530,70562,70566,70586,70590,70600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70531,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70533,320],{"class":43},[37,70535,48],{"class":47},[37,70537,519],{"class":51},[37,70539,56],{"class":55},[37,70541,329],{"class":59},[37,70543,56],{"class":55},[37,70545,65],{"class":51},[37,70547,68],{"class":55},[37,70549,338],{"class":59},[37,70551,56],{"class":55},[37,70553,65],{"class":51},[37,70555,68],{"class":55},[37,70557,4218],{"class":59},[37,70559,56],{"class":55},[37,70561,3760],{"class":51},[37,70563,70564],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70565,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70567,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70569,70022],{"class":43},[37,70571,48],{"class":47},[37,70573,52943],{"class":43},[37,70575,292],{"class":51},[37,70577,26347],{"class":102},[37,70579,95],{"class":51},[37,70581,2159],{"class":47},[37,70583,501],{"class":122},[37,70585,85],{"class":51},[37,70587,70588],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70589,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70591,70592,70594,70596,70598],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70593,92],{"class":91},[37,70595,95],{"class":51},[37,70597,70045],{"class":102},[37,70599,85],{"class":51},[37,70601,70602,70604,70606,70608],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70603,92],{"class":91},[37,70605,95],{"class":51},[37,70607,364],{"class":102},[37,70609,85],{"class":51},[20,70611,112],{},[28,70613,70615],{"className":30,"code":70614,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70616,70617,70622],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70618,70619],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70620,70621],{"class":43},"cherry\n",[37,70623,70624,70626,70628,70630,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70625,1067],{"class":51},[37,70627,821],{"class":55},[37,70629,329],{"class":59},[37,70631,821],{"class":55},[37,70633,65],{"class":51},[37,70635,815],{"class":55},[37,70637,338],{"class":59},[37,70639,821],{"class":55},[37,70641,3760],{"class":51},[20,70643,70644,70645,70647],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70646,65945],{}," means the last item.",[20,70649,70650,70651,292],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[285,70652,70653,10856],{"href":59057},[15,70654,64956],{},[130,70656,70658],{"id":70657},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70660,70661,70663],{},[15,70662,12875],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70665,70666,70667,851,70669,292],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70668,12875],{},[285,70670,70671],{"href":55163},[15,70672,55620],{},[20,70674,197],{},[28,70676,70678],{"className":30,"code":70677,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70679,70680,70712,70716,70735,70739,70750],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70681,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70683,5114],{"class":43},[37,70685,48],{"class":47},[37,70687,519],{"class":51},[37,70689,56],{"class":55},[37,70691,1646],{"class":59},[37,70693,56],{"class":55},[37,70695,65],{"class":51},[37,70697,68],{"class":55},[37,70699,36050],{"class":59},[37,70701,56],{"class":55},[37,70703,65],{"class":51},[37,70705,68],{"class":55},[37,70707,36059],{"class":59},[37,70709,56],{"class":55},[37,70711,3760],{"class":51},[37,70713,70714],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70715,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70717,70718,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70719,70720],{"class":43},"removed_name ",[37,70722,48],{"class":47},[37,70724,69664],{"class":43},[37,70726,292],{"class":51},[37,70728,26347],{"class":102},[37,70730,95],{"class":51},[37,70732,1070],{"class":122},[37,70734,85],{"class":51},[37,70736,70737],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70738,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70740,70741,70743,70745,70748],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70742,92],{"class":91},[37,70744,95],{"class":51},[37,70746,70747],{"class":102},"removed_name",[37,70749,85],{"class":51},[37,70751,70752,70754,70756,70758],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70753,92],{"class":91},[37,70755,95],{"class":51},[37,70757,5158],{"class":102},[37,70759,85],{"class":51},[20,70761,112],{},[28,70763,70765],{"className":30,"code":70764,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70766,70767,70771],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70768,70769],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70770,50133],{"class":43},[37,70772,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70774,1067],{"class":51},[37,70776,821],{"class":55},[37,70778,36050],{"class":59},[37,70780,821],{"class":55},[37,70782,65],{"class":51},[37,70784,815],{"class":55},[37,70786,36059],{"class":59},[37,70788,821],{"class":55},[37,70790,3760],{"class":51},[20,70792,70793],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70795,70796,70797,70799,70800,292],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70798,55620],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70801,3904],{},[130,70803,70805],{"id":70804},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[307,70807,70809],{"id":70808},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70811,70812,70813,70815,70816,292],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70814,12875],{}," raises an ",[15,70817,70818],{},"IndexError",[28,70820,70822],{"className":30,"code":70821,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70823,70824,70832],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70825,70826,70828,70830],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70827,670],{"class":43},[37,70829,48],{"class":47},[37,70831,7958],{"class":51},[37,70833,70834,70836,70838,70840],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70835,687],{"class":43},[37,70837,292],{"class":51},[37,70839,26347],{"class":102},[37,70841,8761],{"class":51},[20,70843,112],{},[28,70845,70847],{"className":30,"code":70846,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70848,70849],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70850,70851,70853,70855,70858,70861,70864],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70852,70818],{"class":756},[37,70854,3013],{"class":51},[37,70856,70857],{"class":43}," pop ",[37,70859,70860],{"class":1483},"from",[37,70862,70863],{"class":43}," empty ",[37,70865,49979],{"class":756},[20,70867,39363],{},[135,70869,70870,70875],{},[138,70871,70872,70873],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70874,12875],{},[138,70876,70877,70878,851,70880],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70879,29911],{},[15,70881,29942],{},[20,70883,197],{},[28,70885,70887],{"className":30,"code":70886,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70888,70889,70897,70901,70909,70923,70929],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70890,70891,70893,70895],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70892,670],{"class":43},[37,70894,48],{"class":47},[37,70896,7958],{"class":51},[37,70898,70899],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70900,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,70902,70903,70905,70907],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,70904,1484],{"class":1483},[37,70906,6087],{"class":43},[37,70908,1501],{"class":51},[37,70910,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,70912,1506],{"class":91},[37,70914,95],{"class":51},[37,70916,687],{"class":102},[37,70918,292],{"class":51},[37,70920,26347],{"class":102},[37,70922,7315],{"class":51},[37,70924,70925,70927],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,70926,27540],{"class":1483},[37,70928,1501],{"class":51},[37,70930,70931,70933,70935,70937,70940,70942],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,70932,1506],{"class":91},[37,70934,95],{"class":51},[37,70936,56],{"class":55},[37,70938,70939],{"class":59},"The list is empty.",[37,70941,56],{"class":55},[37,70943,85],{"class":51},[307,70945,70947],{"id":70946},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70949,70950,70951,292],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70952,70818],{},[28,70954,70956],{"className":30,"code":70955,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70957,70958,70978],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,70959,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,70961,207],{"class":43},[37,70963,48],{"class":47},[37,70965,519],{"class":51},[37,70967,214],{"class":122},[37,70969,65],{"class":51},[37,70971,219],{"class":122},[37,70973,65],{"class":51},[37,70975,224],{"class":122},[37,70977,3760],{"class":51},[37,70979,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,70981,246],{"class":43},[37,70983,292],{"class":51},[37,70985,26347],{"class":102},[37,70987,95],{"class":51},[37,70989,446],{"class":122},[37,70991,85],{"class":51},[20,70993,112],{},[28,70995,70997],{"className":30,"code":70996,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70998,70999],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71000,71001,71003,71005,71008],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71002,70818],{"class":756},[37,71004,3013],{"class":51},[37,71006,71007],{"class":43}," pop index out of ",[37,71009,71010],{"class":91},"range\n",[20,71012,39363],{},[135,71014,71015,71020],{},[138,71016,71017,71018],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71019,25],{},[138,71021,71022],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[28,71024,71026],{"className":30,"code":71025,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71027,71028,71048,71057,71061,71083,71101,71107],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71029,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71031,207],{"class":43},[37,71033,48],{"class":47},[37,71035,519],{"class":51},[37,71037,214],{"class":122},[37,71039,65],{"class":51},[37,71041,219],{"class":122},[37,71043,65],{"class":51},[37,71045,224],{"class":122},[37,71047,3760],{"class":51},[37,71049,71050,71053,71055],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71051,71052],{"class":43},"index ",[37,71054,48],{"class":47},[37,71056,45687],{"class":122},[37,71058,71059],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71060,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,71062,71063,71065,71067,71070,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71064,1484],{"class":1483},[37,71066,1498],{"class":122},[37,71068,71069],{"class":47}," \u003C=",[37,71071,71072],{"class":43}," index ",[37,71074,808],{"class":47},[37,71076,241],{"class":91},[37,71078,95],{"class":51},[37,71080,246],{"class":102},[37,71082,8460],{"class":51},[37,71084,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097,71099],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,71086,1506],{"class":91},[37,71088,95],{"class":51},[37,71090,246],{"class":102},[37,71092,292],{"class":51},[37,71094,26347],{"class":102},[37,71096,95],{"class":51},[37,71098,35955],{"class":102},[37,71100,106],{"class":51},[37,71102,71103,71105],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,71104,27540],{"class":1483},[37,71106,1501],{"class":51},[37,71108,71109,71111,71113,71115,71118,71120],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,71110,1506],{"class":91},[37,71112,95],{"class":51},[37,71114,56],{"class":55},[37,71116,71117],{"class":59},"Index is out of range.",[37,71119,56],{"class":55},[37,71121,85],{"class":51},[20,71123,71124,71125,292],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[285,71126,69349],{"href":69348},[307,71128,71130],{"id":71129},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71132,71133,71135],{},[15,71134,12875],{}," expects an integer index.",[28,71137,71139],{"className":30,"code":71138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71140,71141,71161],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71142,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71144,207],{"class":43},[37,71146,48],{"class":47},[37,71148,519],{"class":51},[37,71150,214],{"class":122},[37,71152,65],{"class":51},[37,71154,219],{"class":122},[37,71156,65],{"class":51},[37,71158,224],{"class":122},[37,71160,3760],{"class":51},[37,71162,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71164,246],{"class":43},[37,71166,292],{"class":51},[37,71168,26347],{"class":102},[37,71170,95],{"class":51},[37,71172,56],{"class":55},[37,71174,501],{"class":59},[37,71176,56],{"class":55},[37,71178,85],{"class":51},[20,71180,112],{},[28,71182,71184],{"className":30,"code":71183,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71185,71186],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71187,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198,71200,71203,71206],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71189,3133],{"class":756},[37,71191,3013],{"class":51},[37,71193,815],{"class":55},[37,71195,3569],{"class":59},[37,71197,821],{"class":55},[37,71199,24724],{"class":756},[37,71201,71202],{"class":43}," cannot be interpreted ",[37,71204,71205],{"class":1483},"as",[37,71207,71208],{"class":43}," an integer\n",[20,71210,39363],{},[135,71212,71213,71222],{},[138,71214,71215,71216,2321,71218,2325,71220],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71217,1070],{},[15,71219,501],{},[15,71221,65945],{},[138,71223,71224],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[28,71226,71228],{"className":30,"code":71227,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71229,71230,71250,71268,71272,71290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71231,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71233,207],{"class":43},[37,71235,48],{"class":47},[37,71237,519],{"class":51},[37,71239,214],{"class":122},[37,71241,65],{"class":51},[37,71243,219],{"class":122},[37,71245,65],{"class":51},[37,71247,224],{"class":122},[37,71249,3760],{"class":51},[37,71251,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71253,71052],{"class":43},[37,71255,48],{"class":47},[37,71257,45374],{"class":756},[37,71259,95],{"class":51},[37,71261,56],{"class":55},[37,71263,501],{"class":59},[37,71265,56],{"class":55},[37,71267,85],{"class":51},[37,71269,71270],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71271,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,71273,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71275,92],{"class":91},[37,71277,95],{"class":51},[37,71279,246],{"class":102},[37,71281,292],{"class":51},[37,71283,26347],{"class":102},[37,71285,95],{"class":51},[37,71287,35955],{"class":102},[37,71289,106],{"class":51},[37,71291,71292,71294,71296,71298],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,71293,92],{"class":91},[37,71295,95],{"class":51},[37,71297,246],{"class":102},[37,71299,85],{"class":51},[20,71301,112],{},[28,71303,71305],{"className":30,"code":71304,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71306,71307,71312],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71308,71309],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71310,71311],{"class":122},"20\n",[37,71313,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71315,1067],{"class":51},[37,71317,214],{"class":122},[37,71319,65],{"class":51},[37,71321,224],{"class":122},[37,71323,3760],{"class":51},[130,71325,71327],{"id":71326},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71329,71330],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[307,71332,22,71334,10716],{"id":71333},"use-pop-when",[15,71335,12875],{},[135,71337,71338,71341,71344],{},[138,71339,71340],{},"you want to remove by index",[138,71342,71343],{},"you want the removed item returned",[138,71345,71346],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[307,71348,22,71350,10716],{"id":71349},"use-remove-when",[15,71351,55620],{},[135,71353,71354,71357],{},[138,71355,71356],{},"you want to remove by value",[138,71358,71359],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71361,71362],{},"Compare these examples:",[28,71364,71366],{"className":30,"code":71365,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71367,71368,71392,71396,71414,71424],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71369,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71371,207],{"class":43},[37,71373,48],{"class":47},[37,71375,519],{"class":51},[37,71377,214],{"class":122},[37,71379,65],{"class":51},[37,71381,219],{"class":122},[37,71383,65],{"class":51},[37,71385,224],{"class":122},[37,71387,65],{"class":51},[37,71389,219],{"class":122},[37,71391,3760],{"class":51},[37,71393,71394],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71395,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,71397,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71399,70022],{"class":43},[37,71401,48],{"class":47},[37,71403,4383],{"class":43},[37,71405,292],{"class":51},[37,71407,26347],{"class":102},[37,71409,95],{"class":51},[37,71411,501],{"class":122},[37,71413,85],{"class":51},[37,71415,71416,71418,71420,71422],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71417,92],{"class":91},[37,71419,95],{"class":51},[37,71421,70045],{"class":102},[37,71423,85],{"class":51},[37,71425,71426,71428,71430,71432],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,71427,92],{"class":91},[37,71429,95],{"class":51},[37,71431,246],{"class":102},[37,71433,85],{"class":51},[20,71435,112],{},[28,71437,71439],{"className":30,"code":71438,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71440,71441,71445],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71442,71443],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71444,71311],{"class":122},[37,71446,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71448,1067],{"class":51},[37,71450,214],{"class":122},[37,71452,65],{"class":51},[37,71454,224],{"class":122},[37,71456,65],{"class":51},[37,71458,219],{"class":122},[37,71460,3760],{"class":51},[28,71462,71464],{"className":30,"code":71463,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71465,71466,71490,71494,71508],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71467,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71469,207],{"class":43},[37,71471,48],{"class":47},[37,71473,519],{"class":51},[37,71475,214],{"class":122},[37,71477,65],{"class":51},[37,71479,219],{"class":122},[37,71481,65],{"class":51},[37,71483,224],{"class":122},[37,71485,65],{"class":51},[37,71487,219],{"class":122},[37,71489,3760],{"class":51},[37,71491,71492],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71493,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,71495,71496,71498,71500,71502,71504,71506],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71497,246],{"class":43},[37,71499,292],{"class":51},[37,71501,34902],{"class":102},[37,71503,95],{"class":51},[37,71505,15863],{"class":122},[37,71507,85],{"class":51},[37,71509,71510,71512,71514,71516],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71511,92],{"class":91},[37,71513,95],{"class":51},[37,71515,246],{"class":102},[37,71517,85],{"class":51},[20,71519,112],{},[28,71521,71523],{"className":30,"code":71522,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71524,71525],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71526,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71528,1067],{"class":51},[37,71530,214],{"class":122},[37,71532,65],{"class":51},[37,71534,224],{"class":122},[37,71536,65],{"class":51},[37,71538,219],{"class":122},[37,71540,3760],{"class":51},[20,71542,71543,71544,71547,71548,292],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71545,71546],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71549,501],{},[20,71551,56696,71552,71555,71556,292],{},[15,71553,71554],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71557,15863],{},[20,71559,71560,71561,292],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[285,71562,55159],{"href":55158},[130,71564,1854],{"id":1853},[20,71566,71567,71568,3013],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71569,12875],{},[135,71571,71572,71575,71578,71584,71588],{},[138,71573,71574],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[138,71576,71577],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[138,71579,37306,71580,8823,71582],{},[15,71581,12875],{},[15,71583,55620],{},[138,71585,1880,71586,62063],{},[15,71587,12875],{},[138,71589,71590],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71592,71593],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[28,71595,71597],{"className":30,"code":71596,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71598,71599,71609,71623,71637,71655],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71600,71601,71603,71605,71607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71602,92],{"class":91},[37,71604,95],{"class":51},[37,71606,8457],{"class":102},[37,71608,85],{"class":51},[37,71610,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71612,92],{"class":91},[37,71614,95],{"class":51},[37,71616,17],{"class":91},[37,71618,95],{"class":51},[37,71620,8457],{"class":102},[37,71622,106],{"class":51},[37,71624,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71626,92],{"class":91},[37,71628,95],{"class":51},[37,71630,8457],{"class":102},[37,71632,292],{"class":51},[37,71634,26347],{"class":102},[37,71636,7315],{"class":51},[37,71638,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71640,92],{"class":91},[37,71642,95],{"class":51},[37,71644,8457],{"class":102},[37,71646,292],{"class":51},[37,71648,26347],{"class":102},[37,71650,95],{"class":51},[37,71652,1070],{"class":122},[37,71654,106],{"class":51},[37,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,71658,92],{"class":91},[37,71660,95],{"class":51},[37,71662,757],{"class":756},[37,71664,95],{"class":51},[37,71666,35955],{"class":102},[37,71668,106],{"class":51},[20,71670,71671],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[135,71673,71674,71680],{},[138,71675,71676,71679],{},[15,71677,71678],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[138,71681,71682,71685],{},[15,71683,71684],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71687,71688,71689,71692],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71690,71691],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[130,71694,1969],{"id":1968},[307,71696,71698],{"id":71697},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71700,71701,71702,71704],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71703,12875],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[307,71706,71708],{"id":71707},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71710,71711,71713,71714,71716,71717,292],{},[15,71712,12875],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71715,55620],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71718,3904],{},[307,71720,71722],{"id":71721},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71724,71725,71726,71729],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71727,71728],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[307,71731,71733],{"id":71732},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71735,71736,71737,71739],{},"Python raises ",[15,71738,70818],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[130,71741,2025],{"id":2024},[135,71743,71744,71748,71753,71758,71763],{},[138,71745,71746],{},[285,71747,55606],{"href":55158},[138,71749,71750],{},[285,71751,71752],{"href":55163},"Python list remove() method",[138,71754,71755],{},[285,71756,71757],{"href":59057},"Python list index() method",[138,71759,71760],{},[285,71761,71762],{"href":51072},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[138,71764,71765],{},[285,71766,69349],{"href":69348},[2052,71768,71769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":71771},[71772,71773,71774,71775,71776,71777,71778,71783,71789,71790,71796],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":69948,"depth":88,"text":69949},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":70257,"depth":88,"text":70258},{"id":70386,"depth":88,"text":70387},{"id":70657,"depth":88,"text":70658},{"id":70804,"depth":88,"text":70805,"children":71779},[71780,71781,71782],{"id":70808,"depth":251,"text":70809},{"id":70946,"depth":251,"text":70947},{"id":71129,"depth":251,"text":71130},{"id":71326,"depth":88,"text":71327,"children":71784},[71785,71787],{"id":71333,"depth":251,"text":71786},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71349,"depth":251,"text":71788},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":71791},[71792,71793,71794,71795],{"id":71697,"depth":251,"text":71698},{"id":71707,"depth":251,"text":71708},{"id":71721,"depth":251,"text":71722},{"id":71732,"depth":251,"text":71733},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69815,"description":71797},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71804,"title":71805,"body":71806,"description":73592,"extension":2099,"meta":73593,"navigation":254,"path":73594,"seo":73595,"stem":73596,"__hash__":73597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71807,"toc":73574},[71808,71811,71816,71822,71824,71894,71900,71904,71909,71930,71933,72000,72002,72023,72031,72033,72052,72068,72070,72135,72137,72162,72164,72166,72231,72233,72258,72260,72274,72277,72330,72332,72353,72357,72365,72438,72440,72473,72479,72485,72576,72578,72603,72609,72698,72700,72724,72726,72730,72785,72787,72819,72822,72825,72919,72921,72954,72960,72966,72970,72977,73003,73007,73072,73074,73099,73103,73184,73186,73215,73220,73225,73231,73235,73242,73264,73268,73327,73329,73353,73362,73367,73369,73373,73402,73404,73479,73482,73496,73502,73504,73508,73511,73515,73520,73524,73533,73537,73545,73547,73571],[10,71809,71805],{"id":71810},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71812,1531,71813,71815],{},[15,71814,55166],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71817,71818,71819,71821],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[110,71820,1215],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[130,71823,2140],{"id":2139},[28,71825,71827],{"className":30,"code":71826,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71828,71829,71861,71879,71889],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71830,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71832,670],{"class":43},[37,71834,48],{"class":47},[37,71836,519],{"class":51},[37,71838,56],{"class":55},[37,71840,329],{"class":59},[37,71842,56],{"class":55},[37,71844,65],{"class":51},[37,71846,68],{"class":55},[37,71848,338],{"class":59},[37,71850,56],{"class":55},[37,71852,65],{"class":51},[37,71854,68],{"class":55},[37,71856,347],{"class":59},[37,71858,56],{"class":55},[37,71860,3760],{"class":51},[37,71862,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71864,687],{"class":43},[37,71866,292],{"class":51},[37,71868,34902],{"class":102},[37,71870,95],{"class":51},[37,71872,56],{"class":55},[37,71874,338],{"class":59},[37,71876,56],{"class":55},[37,71878,85],{"class":51},[37,71880,71881,71883,71885,71887],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71882,92],{"class":91},[37,71884,95],{"class":51},[37,71886,687],{"class":102},[37,71888,85],{"class":51},[37,71890,71891],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71892,71893],{"class":3788},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71895,22,71896,71899],{},[15,71897,71898],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[130,71901,71903],{"id":71902},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71905,71906,71908],{},[15,71907,55620],{}," is a list method that:",[135,71910,71911,71917,71922,71927],{},[138,71912,71913,71914,71916],{},"Deletes the ",[110,71915,30016],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[138,71918,71919,71920],{},"Changes the original list ",[110,71921,11449],{},[138,71923,1983,71924,71926],{},[110,71925,711],{}," return a new list",[138,71928,71929],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71931,71932],{},"This is important for beginners:",[28,71934,71936],{"className":30,"code":71935,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71937,71938,71958,71976,71980,71990],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,71939,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,71941,207],{"class":43},[37,71943,48],{"class":47},[37,71945,519],{"class":51},[37,71947,501],{"class":122},[37,71949,65],{"class":51},[37,71951,890],{"class":122},[37,71953,65],{"class":51},[37,71955,513],{"class":122},[37,71957,3760],{"class":51},[37,71959,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,71961,2362],{"class":43},[37,71963,48],{"class":47},[37,71965,4383],{"class":43},[37,71967,292],{"class":51},[37,71969,34902],{"class":102},[37,71971,95],{"class":51},[37,71973,508],{"class":122},[37,71975,85],{"class":51},[37,71977,71978],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,71979,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,71981,71982,71984,71986,71988],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,71983,92],{"class":91},[37,71985,95],{"class":51},[37,71987,246],{"class":102},[37,71989,85],{"class":51},[37,71991,71992,71994,71996,71998],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,71993,92],{"class":91},[37,71995,95],{"class":51},[37,71997,2397],{"class":102},[37,71999,85],{"class":51},[20,72001,112],{},[28,72003,72005],{"className":30,"code":72004,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72006,72007,72019],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72008,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72010,1067],{"class":51},[37,72012,501],{"class":122},[37,72014,65],{"class":51},[37,72016,513],{"class":122},[37,72018,3760],{"class":51},[37,72020,72021],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72022,11920],{"class":3977},[20,72024,72025,72026,72028,72029,292],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72027,55620],{}," itself returned ",[15,72030,3904],{},[130,72032,5552],{"id":5551},[28,72034,72036],{"className":30,"code":72035,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72037,72038],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72039,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72041,8213],{"class":756},[37,72043,292],{"class":51},[37,72045,34902],{"class":102},[37,72047,95],{"class":51},[37,72049,1215],{"class":102},[37,72051,85],{"class":51},[135,72053,72054,72059,72062],{},[138,72055,72056,72058],{},[15,72057,1215],{}," is the item you want to delete",[138,72060,72061],{},"Python searches from left to right",[138,72063,72064,72065,72067],{},"Only the ",[110,72066,30016],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72069,197],{},[28,72071,72073],{"className":30,"code":72072,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72074,72075,72107,72125],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72076,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72078,1729],{"class":43},[37,72080,48],{"class":47},[37,72082,519],{"class":51},[37,72084,56],{"class":55},[37,72086,285],{"class":59},[37,72088,56],{"class":55},[37,72090,65],{"class":51},[37,72092,68],{"class":55},[37,72094,777],{"class":59},[37,72096,56],{"class":55},[37,72098,65],{"class":51},[37,72100,68],{"class":55},[37,72102,1754],{"class":59},[37,72104,56],{"class":55},[37,72106,3760],{"class":51},[37,72108,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72110,1785],{"class":43},[37,72112,292],{"class":51},[37,72114,34902],{"class":102},[37,72116,95],{"class":51},[37,72118,56],{"class":55},[37,72120,777],{"class":59},[37,72122,56],{"class":55},[37,72124,85],{"class":51},[37,72126,72127,72129,72131,72133],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72128,92],{"class":91},[37,72130,95],{"class":51},[37,72132,1785],{"class":102},[37,72134,85],{"class":51},[20,72136,112],{},[28,72138,72140],{"className":30,"code":72139,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72141,72142],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72143,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72145,1067],{"class":51},[37,72147,821],{"class":55},[37,72149,285],{"class":59},[37,72151,821],{"class":55},[37,72153,65],{"class":51},[37,72155,815],{"class":55},[37,72157,1754],{"class":59},[37,72159,821],{"class":55},[37,72161,3760],{"class":51},[130,72163,5909],{"id":5908},[20,72165,65265],{},[28,72167,72169],{"className":30,"code":72168,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72170,72171,72203,72221],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72172,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72174,44],{"class":43},[37,72176,48],{"class":47},[37,72178,519],{"class":51},[37,72180,56],{"class":55},[37,72182,60],{"class":59},[37,72184,56],{"class":55},[37,72186,65],{"class":51},[37,72188,68],{"class":55},[37,72190,80],{"class":59},[37,72192,56],{"class":55},[37,72194,65],{"class":51},[37,72196,68],{"class":55},[37,72198,71],{"class":59},[37,72200,56],{"class":55},[37,72202,3760],{"class":51},[37,72204,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72206,103],{"class":43},[37,72208,292],{"class":51},[37,72210,34902],{"class":102},[37,72212,95],{"class":51},[37,72214,56],{"class":55},[37,72216,80],{"class":59},[37,72218,56],{"class":55},[37,72220,85],{"class":51},[37,72222,72223,72225,72227,72229],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72224,92],{"class":91},[37,72226,95],{"class":51},[37,72228,103],{"class":102},[37,72230,85],{"class":51},[20,72232,112],{},[28,72234,72236],{"className":30,"code":72235,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72237,72238],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72239,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72241,1067],{"class":51},[37,72243,821],{"class":55},[37,72245,60],{"class":59},[37,72247,821],{"class":55},[37,72249,65],{"class":51},[37,72251,815],{"class":55},[37,72253,71],{"class":59},[37,72255,821],{"class":55},[37,72257,3760],{"class":51},[20,72259,11797],{},[135,72261,72262,72265,72271],{},[138,72263,72264],{},"A list is created with three values",[138,72266,72267,72270],{},[15,72268,72269],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[138,72272,72273],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72275,72276],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[28,72278,72280],{"className":30,"code":72279,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72281,72282,72306,72320],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72283,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72285,5183],{"class":43},[37,72287,48],{"class":47},[37,72289,519],{"class":51},[37,72291,214],{"class":122},[37,72293,65],{"class":51},[37,72295,219],{"class":122},[37,72297,65],{"class":51},[37,72299,224],{"class":122},[37,72301,65],{"class":51},[37,72303,229],{"class":122},[37,72305,3760],{"class":51},[37,72307,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72309,16498],{"class":43},[37,72311,292],{"class":51},[37,72313,34902],{"class":102},[37,72315,95],{"class":51},[37,72317,36943],{"class":122},[37,72319,85],{"class":51},[37,72321,72322,72324,72326,72328],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72323,92],{"class":91},[37,72325,95],{"class":51},[37,72327,16498],{"class":102},[37,72329,85],{"class":51},[20,72331,112],{},[28,72333,72335],{"className":30,"code":72334,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72336,72337],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72338,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72340,1067],{"class":51},[37,72342,214],{"class":122},[37,72344,65],{"class":51},[37,72346,219],{"class":122},[37,72348,65],{"class":51},[37,72350,229],{"class":122},[37,72352,3760],{"class":51},[130,72354,72356],{"id":72355},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72358,65255,72359,72361,72362,72364],{},[15,72360,55620],{}," deletes only the ",[110,72363,30016],{}," one.",[28,72366,72368],{"className":30,"code":72367,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72369,72370,72410,72428],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72371,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72373,670],{"class":43},[37,72375,48],{"class":47},[37,72377,519],{"class":51},[37,72379,56],{"class":55},[37,72381,329],{"class":59},[37,72383,56],{"class":55},[37,72385,65],{"class":51},[37,72387,68],{"class":55},[37,72389,338],{"class":59},[37,72391,56],{"class":55},[37,72393,65],{"class":51},[37,72395,68],{"class":55},[37,72397,329],{"class":59},[37,72399,56],{"class":55},[37,72401,65],{"class":51},[37,72403,68],{"class":55},[37,72405,347],{"class":59},[37,72407,56],{"class":55},[37,72409,3760],{"class":51},[37,72411,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72413,687],{"class":43},[37,72415,292],{"class":51},[37,72417,34902],{"class":102},[37,72419,95],{"class":51},[37,72421,56],{"class":55},[37,72423,329],{"class":59},[37,72425,56],{"class":55},[37,72427,85],{"class":51},[37,72429,72430,72432,72434,72436],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72431,92],{"class":91},[37,72433,95],{"class":51},[37,72435,687],{"class":102},[37,72437,85],{"class":51},[20,72439,112],{},[28,72441,72443],{"className":30,"code":72442,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72444,72445],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72446,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72448,1067],{"class":51},[37,72450,821],{"class":55},[37,72452,338],{"class":59},[37,72454,821],{"class":55},[37,72456,65],{"class":51},[37,72458,815],{"class":55},[37,72460,329],{"class":59},[37,72462,821],{"class":55},[37,72464,65],{"class":51},[37,72466,815],{"class":55},[37,72468,347],{"class":59},[37,72470,821],{"class":55},[37,72472,3760],{"class":51},[20,72474,72475,72476,72478],{},"Only the first ",[15,72477,57925],{}," was removed.",[20,72480,72481,72482,72484],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72483,55620],{}," again:",[28,72486,72488],{"className":30,"code":72487,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72489,72490,72530,72548,72566],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72491,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72493,670],{"class":43},[37,72495,48],{"class":47},[37,72497,519],{"class":51},[37,72499,56],{"class":55},[37,72501,329],{"class":59},[37,72503,56],{"class":55},[37,72505,65],{"class":51},[37,72507,68],{"class":55},[37,72509,338],{"class":59},[37,72511,56],{"class":55},[37,72513,65],{"class":51},[37,72515,68],{"class":55},[37,72517,329],{"class":59},[37,72519,56],{"class":55},[37,72521,65],{"class":51},[37,72523,68],{"class":55},[37,72525,347],{"class":59},[37,72527,56],{"class":55},[37,72529,3760],{"class":51},[37,72531,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72533,687],{"class":43},[37,72535,292],{"class":51},[37,72537,34902],{"class":102},[37,72539,95],{"class":51},[37,72541,56],{"class":55},[37,72543,329],{"class":59},[37,72545,56],{"class":55},[37,72547,85],{"class":51},[37,72549,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72551,687],{"class":43},[37,72553,292],{"class":51},[37,72555,34902],{"class":102},[37,72557,95],{"class":51},[37,72559,56],{"class":55},[37,72561,329],{"class":59},[37,72563,56],{"class":55},[37,72565,85],{"class":51},[37,72567,72568,72570,72572,72574],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,72569,92],{"class":91},[37,72571,95],{"class":51},[37,72573,687],{"class":102},[37,72575,85],{"class":51},[20,72577,112],{},[28,72579,72581],{"className":30,"code":72580,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72582,72583],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72586,1067],{"class":51},[37,72588,821],{"class":55},[37,72590,338],{"class":59},[37,72592,821],{"class":55},[37,72594,65],{"class":51},[37,72596,815],{"class":55},[37,72598,347],{"class":59},[37,72600,821],{"class":55},[37,72602,3760],{"class":51},[20,72604,72605,72606,72608],{},"If you need to remove ",[110,72607,3841],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[28,72610,72612],{"className":30,"code":72611,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72613,72614,72654,72688],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72615,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72617,670],{"class":43},[37,72619,48],{"class":47},[37,72621,519],{"class":51},[37,72623,56],{"class":55},[37,72625,329],{"class":59},[37,72627,56],{"class":55},[37,72629,65],{"class":51},[37,72631,68],{"class":55},[37,72633,338],{"class":59},[37,72635,56],{"class":55},[37,72637,65],{"class":51},[37,72639,68],{"class":55},[37,72641,329],{"class":59},[37,72643,56],{"class":55},[37,72645,65],{"class":51},[37,72647,68],{"class":55},[37,72649,347],{"class":59},[37,72651,56],{"class":55},[37,72653,3760],{"class":51},[37,72655,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72673,72675,72677,72680,72682,72684,72686],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72657,670],{"class":43},[37,72659,48],{"class":47},[37,72661,519],{"class":51},[37,72663,28645],{"class":43},[37,72665,1767],{"class":1483},[37,72667,6082],{"class":43},[37,72669,1773],{"class":1483},[37,72671,72672],{"class":43}," items ",[37,72674,1484],{"class":1483},[37,72676,6082],{"class":43},[37,72678,72679],{"class":47},"!=",[37,72681,68],{"class":55},[37,72683,329],{"class":59},[37,72685,56],{"class":55},[37,72687,3760],{"class":51},[37,72689,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72691,92],{"class":91},[37,72693,95],{"class":51},[37,72695,687],{"class":102},[37,72697,85],{"class":51},[20,72699,112],{},[28,72701,72702],{"className":30,"code":72580,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,72703,72704],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72705,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72707,1067],{"class":51},[37,72709,821],{"class":55},[37,72711,338],{"class":59},[37,72713,821],{"class":55},[37,72715,65],{"class":51},[37,72717,815],{"class":55},[37,72719,347],{"class":59},[37,72721,821],{"class":55},[37,72723,3760],{"class":51},[130,72725,65721],{"id":65720},[20,72727,65724,72728,292],{},[15,72729,40805],{},[28,72731,72733],{"className":30,"code":72732,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72734,72735,72767],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72736,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72738,670],{"class":43},[37,72740,48],{"class":47},[37,72742,519],{"class":51},[37,72744,56],{"class":55},[37,72746,329],{"class":59},[37,72748,56],{"class":55},[37,72750,65],{"class":51},[37,72752,68],{"class":55},[37,72754,338],{"class":59},[37,72756,56],{"class":55},[37,72758,65],{"class":51},[37,72760,68],{"class":55},[37,72762,347],{"class":59},[37,72764,56],{"class":55},[37,72766,3760],{"class":51},[37,72768,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72770,687],{"class":43},[37,72772,292],{"class":51},[37,72774,34902],{"class":102},[37,72776,95],{"class":51},[37,72778,56],{"class":55},[37,72780,22639],{"class":59},[37,72782,56],{"class":55},[37,72784,85],{"class":51},[20,72786,112],{},[28,72788,72790],{"className":30,"code":72789,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72791,72792],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72793,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72795,40805],{"class":756},[37,72797,3013],{"class":51},[37,72799,22666],{"class":756},[37,72801,292],{"class":51},[37,72803,34902],{"class":102},[37,72805,95],{"class":51},[37,72807,900],{"class":102},[37,72809,16561],{"class":51},[37,72811,4005],{"class":43},[37,72813,711],{"class":47},[37,72815,21280],{"class":47},[37,72817,72818],{"class":756}," list\n",[20,72820,72821],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72823,72824],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[28,72826,72828],{"className":30,"code":72827,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72829,72830,72862,72874,72878,72890,72905,72909],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72831,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72833,670],{"class":43},[37,72835,48],{"class":47},[37,72837,519],{"class":51},[37,72839,56],{"class":55},[37,72841,329],{"class":59},[37,72843,56],{"class":55},[37,72845,65],{"class":51},[37,72847,68],{"class":55},[37,72849,338],{"class":59},[37,72851,56],{"class":55},[37,72853,65],{"class":51},[37,72855,68],{"class":55},[37,72857,347],{"class":59},[37,72859,56],{"class":55},[37,72861,3760],{"class":51},[37,72863,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,72865,1194],{"class":43},[37,72867,48],{"class":47},[37,72869,68],{"class":55},[37,72871,22639],{"class":59},[37,72873,3484],{"class":55},[37,72875,72876],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,72877,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,72879,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,72881,1484],{"class":1483},[37,72883,21691],{"class":43},[37,72885,1773],{"class":47},[37,72887,6087],{"class":43},[37,72889,1501],{"class":51},[37,72891,72892,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,72893,72894],{"class":43},"    items",[37,72896,292],{"class":51},[37,72898,34902],{"class":102},[37,72900,95],{"class":51},[37,72902,1215],{"class":102},[37,72904,85],{"class":51},[37,72906,72907],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,72908,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,72910,72911,72913,72915,72917],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,72912,92],{"class":91},[37,72914,95],{"class":51},[37,72916,687],{"class":102},[37,72918,85],{"class":51},[20,72920,112],{},[28,72922,72924],{"className":30,"code":72923,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72925,72926],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,72927,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,72929,1067],{"class":51},[37,72931,821],{"class":55},[37,72933,329],{"class":59},[37,72935,821],{"class":55},[37,72937,65],{"class":51},[37,72939,815],{"class":55},[37,72941,338],{"class":59},[37,72943,821],{"class":55},[37,72945,65],{"class":51},[37,72947,815],{"class":55},[37,72949,347],{"class":59},[37,72951,821],{"class":55},[37,72953,3760],{"class":51},[20,72955,72956,72957,72959],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72958,55620],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72961,72962,72963,292],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[285,72964,65930],{"href":72965},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[130,72967,72969],{"id":72968},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72971,72972,851,72974,72976],{},[15,72973,55620],{},[15,72975,12875],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[135,72978,72979,72986,72992,72998],{},[138,72980,72981,72983,72984],{},[15,72982,55620],{}," deletes by ",[110,72985,1215],{},[138,72987,72988,72983,72990],{},[15,72989,12875],{},[110,72991,35955],{},[138,72993,72994,2530,72996],{},[15,72995,55620],{},[15,72997,3904],{},[138,72999,73000,73002],{},[15,73001,12875],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73004,46138,73005,3013],{},[15,73006,55620],{},[28,73008,73010],{"className":30,"code":73009,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73011,73012,73044,73062],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73013,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73015,670],{"class":43},[37,73017,48],{"class":47},[37,73019,519],{"class":51},[37,73021,56],{"class":55},[37,73023,329],{"class":59},[37,73025,56],{"class":55},[37,73027,65],{"class":51},[37,73029,68],{"class":55},[37,73031,338],{"class":59},[37,73033,56],{"class":55},[37,73035,65],{"class":51},[37,73037,68],{"class":55},[37,73039,347],{"class":59},[37,73041,56],{"class":55},[37,73043,3760],{"class":51},[37,73045,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73047,687],{"class":43},[37,73049,292],{"class":51},[37,73051,34902],{"class":102},[37,73053,95],{"class":51},[37,73055,56],{"class":55},[37,73057,338],{"class":59},[37,73059,56],{"class":55},[37,73061,85],{"class":51},[37,73063,73064,73066,73068,73070],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73065,92],{"class":91},[37,73067,95],{"class":51},[37,73069,687],{"class":102},[37,73071,85],{"class":51},[20,73073,112],{},[28,73075,73077],{"className":30,"code":73076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73078,73079],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73080,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73082,1067],{"class":51},[37,73084,821],{"class":55},[37,73086,329],{"class":59},[37,73088,821],{"class":55},[37,73090,65],{"class":51},[37,73092,815],{"class":55},[37,73094,347],{"class":59},[37,73096,821],{"class":55},[37,73098,3760],{"class":51},[20,73100,46138,73101,3013],{},[15,73102,12875],{},[28,73104,73106],{"className":30,"code":73105,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73107,73108,73140,73159,73163,73173],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73109,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73111,670],{"class":43},[37,73113,48],{"class":47},[37,73115,519],{"class":51},[37,73117,56],{"class":55},[37,73119,329],{"class":59},[37,73121,56],{"class":55},[37,73123,65],{"class":51},[37,73125,68],{"class":55},[37,73127,338],{"class":59},[37,73129,56],{"class":55},[37,73131,65],{"class":51},[37,73133,68],{"class":55},[37,73135,347],{"class":59},[37,73137,56],{"class":55},[37,73139,3760],{"class":51},[37,73141,73142,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73143,73144],{"class":43},"removed_item ",[37,73146,48],{"class":47},[37,73148,6087],{"class":43},[37,73150,292],{"class":51},[37,73152,26347],{"class":102},[37,73154,95],{"class":51},[37,73156,501],{"class":122},[37,73158,85],{"class":51},[37,73160,73161],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73162,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,73164,73165,73167,73169,73171],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,73166,92],{"class":91},[37,73168,95],{"class":51},[37,73170,687],{"class":102},[37,73172,85],{"class":51},[37,73174,73175,73177,73179,73182],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,73176,92],{"class":91},[37,73178,95],{"class":51},[37,73180,73181],{"class":102},"removed_item",[37,73183,85],{"class":51},[20,73185,112],{},[28,73187,73189],{"className":30,"code":73188,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73190,73191,73211],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73192,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73194,1067],{"class":51},[37,73196,821],{"class":55},[37,73198,329],{"class":59},[37,73200,821],{"class":55},[37,73202,65],{"class":51},[37,73204,815],{"class":55},[37,73206,347],{"class":59},[37,73208,821],{"class":55},[37,73210,3760],{"class":51},[37,73212,73213],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73214,70493],{"class":43},[20,73216,22,73217,73219],{},[15,73218,55620],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73221,22,73222,73224],{},[15,73223,12875],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73226,73227,73228,292],{},"For more detail, see the ",[285,73229,73230],{"href":55170},"Python list pop() method",[130,73232,73234],{"id":73233},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73236,73237,851,73239,73241],{},[15,73238,55620],{},[15,73240,27131],{}," are also different.",[135,73243,73244,73249,73254,73259],{},[138,73245,73246,73248],{},[15,73247,55620],{}," deletes by matching value",[138,73250,73251,73253],{},[15,73252,27131],{}," deletes by index or slice",[138,73255,22,73256,73258],{},[15,73257,27131],{}," when you know the position",[138,73260,22,73261,73263],{},[15,73262,55620],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73265,46138,73266,3013],{},[15,73267,27131],{},[28,73269,73271],{"className":30,"code":73270,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73272,73273,73305,73317],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73274,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73276,670],{"class":43},[37,73278,48],{"class":47},[37,73280,519],{"class":51},[37,73282,56],{"class":55},[37,73284,329],{"class":59},[37,73286,56],{"class":55},[37,73288,65],{"class":51},[37,73290,68],{"class":55},[37,73292,338],{"class":59},[37,73294,56],{"class":55},[37,73296,65],{"class":51},[37,73298,68],{"class":55},[37,73300,347],{"class":59},[37,73302,56],{"class":55},[37,73304,3760],{"class":51},[37,73306,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73308,27131],{"class":1483},[37,73310,6087],{"class":43},[37,73312,1067],{"class":51},[37,73314,501],{"class":122},[37,73316,3760],{"class":51},[37,73318,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73320,92],{"class":91},[37,73322,95],{"class":51},[37,73324,687],{"class":102},[37,73326,85],{"class":51},[20,73328,112],{},[28,73330,73331],{"className":30,"code":73076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,73332,73333],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73334,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73336,1067],{"class":51},[37,73338,821],{"class":55},[37,73340,329],{"class":59},[37,73342,821],{"class":55},[37,73344,65],{"class":51},[37,73346,815],{"class":55},[37,73348,347],{"class":59},[37,73350,821],{"class":55},[37,73352,3760],{"class":51},[20,73354,73355,73356,73358,73359,73361],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73357,501],{},", not the value ",[15,73360,65365],{}," directly.",[20,73363,73364,73365,292],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[285,73366,55159],{"href":55158},[130,73368,1854],{"id":1853},[20,73370,21318,73371,3013],{},[15,73372,55620],{},[135,73374,73375,73378,73383,73390,73399],{},[138,73376,73377],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[138,73379,1880,73380,73382],{},[15,73381,55620],{}," to delete all matching values",[138,73384,12707,73385,73387,73388],{},[15,73386,55620],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73389,3904],{},[138,73391,1872,73392,44727,73394,3006,73396,73398],{},[15,73393,55620],{},[15,73395,12875],{},[15,73397,27131],{}," would be a better fit",[138,73400,73401],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73403,71593],{},[28,73405,73407],{"className":30,"code":73406,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73408,73409,73419,73433,73451,73465],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73410,73411,73413,73415,73417],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73412,92],{"class":91},[37,73414,95],{"class":51},[37,73416,8457],{"class":102},[37,73418,85],{"class":51},[37,73420,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73422,92],{"class":91},[37,73424,95],{"class":51},[37,73426,1194],{"class":102},[37,73428,1773],{"class":1483},[37,73430,8514],{"class":102},[37,73432,85],{"class":51},[37,73434,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73436,92],{"class":91},[37,73438,95],{"class":51},[37,73440,8457],{"class":102},[37,73442,292],{"class":51},[37,73444,265],{"class":102},[37,73446,95],{"class":51},[37,73448,1215],{"class":102},[37,73450,106],{"class":51},[37,73452,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,73454,92],{"class":91},[37,73456,95],{"class":51},[37,73458,757],{"class":756},[37,73460,95],{"class":51},[37,73462,8457],{"class":102},[37,73464,106],{"class":51},[37,73466,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,73468,1937],{"class":91},[37,73470,95],{"class":51},[37,73472,8213],{"class":756},[37,73474,292],{"class":51},[37,73476,34902],{"class":24857},[37,73478,85],{"class":51},[20,73480,73481],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[135,73483,73484,73487,73490,73493],{},[138,73485,73486],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[138,73488,73489],{},"How many times does it appear?",[138,73491,73492],{},"Am I working with a list?",[138,73494,73495],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73497,73498,73499,73501],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[285,73500,71757],{"href":59057}," may also help.",[130,73503,1969],{"id":1968},[307,73505,73507],{"id":73506},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73509,73510],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[307,73512,73514],{"id":73513},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73516,5268,73517,73519],{},[15,73518,3904],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[307,73521,73523],{"id":73522},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73525,73526,73527,73530,73531,292],{},"Check with ",[15,73528,73529],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73532,55620],{},[307,73534,73536],{"id":73535},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73538,22,73539,73541,73542,73544],{},[15,73540,55620],{}," for a value and ",[15,73543,12875],{}," for an index.",[130,73546,2025],{"id":2024},[135,73548,73549,73553,73557,73561,73565],{},[138,73550,73551],{},[285,73552,55606],{"href":55158},[138,73554,73555],{},[285,73556,73230],{"href":55170},[138,73558,73559],{},[285,73560,71757],{"href":59057},[138,73562,73563],{},[285,73564,65930],{"href":72965},[138,73566,73567],{},[285,73568,73570],{"href":73569},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2052,73572,73573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":73575},[73576,73577,73578,73579,73580,73581,73582,73583,73584,73585,73591],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":71902,"depth":88,"text":71903},{"id":5551,"depth":88,"text":5552},{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":72355,"depth":88,"text":72356},{"id":65720,"depth":88,"text":65721},{"id":72968,"depth":88,"text":72969},{"id":73233,"depth":88,"text":73234},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":73586},[73587,73588,73589,73590],{"id":73506,"depth":251,"text":73507},{"id":73513,"depth":251,"text":73514},{"id":73522,"depth":251,"text":73523},{"id":73535,"depth":251,"text":73536},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71805,"description":73592},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73599,"title":73600,"body":73601,"description":75492,"extension":2099,"meta":75493,"navigation":254,"path":75494,"seo":75495,"stem":75496,"__hash__":75497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73602,"toc":75462},[73603,73609,73615,73618,73629,73631,73680,73685,73690,73694,73709,73711,73776,73778,73819,73821,73823,73838,73840,73851,73853,73910,73912,73945,73947,73950,73999,74001,74026,74028,74044,74050,74057,74118,74120,74153,74158,74161,74241,74243,74304,74310,74314,74317,74381,74383,74408,74410,74430,74432,74481,74483,74504,74513,74516,74520,74525,74570,74572,74593,74599,74604,74612,74676,74678,74715,74721,74725,74732,74797,74799,74836,74840,74857,74867,74872,74877,74888,74895,74897,74903,74926,74929,74956,74961,74964,75065,75067,75122,75125,75232,75234,75305,75308,75334,75336,75341,75345,75353,75358,75363,75369,75374,75378,75381,75398,75401,75421,75429,75431,75459],[10,73604,54433,73606,11437],{"id":73605},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73607,73608],{},"reverse()",[20,73610,73611,73614],{},[15,73612,73613],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73616,73617],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73619,73620,73621,73623,73624,73628],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73622,73608],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[285,73625,73627],{"href":73626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[130,73630,3734],{"id":3733},[28,73632,73634],{"className":30,"code":73633,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73635,73636,73656,73667],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73637,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73639,207],{"class":43},[37,73641,48],{"class":47},[37,73643,519],{"class":51},[37,73645,501],{"class":122},[37,73647,65],{"class":51},[37,73649,890],{"class":122},[37,73651,65],{"class":51},[37,73653,513],{"class":122},[37,73655,3760],{"class":51},[37,73657,73658,73660,73662,73665],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73659,246],{"class":43},[37,73661,292],{"class":51},[37,73663,73664],{"class":102},"reverse",[37,73666,8761],{"class":51},[37,73668,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73670,92],{"class":91},[37,73672,95],{"class":51},[37,73674,246],{"class":102},[37,73676,18],{"class":51},[37,73678,73679],{"class":3788},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73681,73682,73684],{},[15,73683,73608],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[130,73686,296,73688,3805],{"id":73687},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73689,73613],{},[20,73691,73692,3013],{},[15,73693,73613],{},[135,73695,73696,73699,73702,73706],{},[138,73697,73698],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[138,73700,73701],{},"Changes the original list directly",[138,73703,11539,73704],{},[15,73705,3904],{},[138,73707,73708],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73710,197],{},[28,73712,73714],{"className":30,"code":73713,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73715,73716,73756,73766],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73717,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73719,1729],{"class":43},[37,73721,48],{"class":47},[37,73723,519],{"class":51},[37,73725,56],{"class":55},[37,73727,285],{"class":59},[37,73729,56],{"class":55},[37,73731,65],{"class":51},[37,73733,68],{"class":55},[37,73735,777],{"class":59},[37,73737,56],{"class":55},[37,73739,65],{"class":51},[37,73741,68],{"class":55},[37,73743,1754],{"class":59},[37,73745,56],{"class":55},[37,73747,65],{"class":51},[37,73749,68],{"class":55},[37,73751,18875],{"class":59},[37,73753,56],{"class":55},[37,73755,3760],{"class":51},[37,73757,73758,73760,73762,73764],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73759,1785],{"class":43},[37,73761,292],{"class":51},[37,73763,73664],{"class":102},[37,73765,8761],{"class":51},[37,73767,73768,73770,73772,73774],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73769,92],{"class":91},[37,73771,95],{"class":51},[37,73773,1785],{"class":102},[37,73775,85],{"class":51},[20,73777,112],{},[28,73779,73781],{"className":30,"code":73780,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73782,73783],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73784,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73786,1067],{"class":51},[37,73788,821],{"class":55},[37,73790,18875],{"class":59},[37,73792,821],{"class":55},[37,73794,65],{"class":51},[37,73796,815],{"class":55},[37,73798,1754],{"class":59},[37,73800,821],{"class":55},[37,73802,65],{"class":51},[37,73804,815],{"class":55},[37,73806,777],{"class":59},[37,73808,821],{"class":55},[37,73810,65],{"class":51},[37,73812,815],{"class":55},[37,73814,285],{"class":59},[37,73816,821],{"class":55},[37,73818,3760],{"class":51},[130,73820,159],{"id":158},[20,73822,2293],{},[28,73824,73826],{"className":30,"code":73825,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73827,73828],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73831,8457],{"class":43},[37,73833,292],{"class":51},[37,73835,73664],{"class":102},[37,73837,8761],{"class":51},[20,73839,13164],{},[135,73841,73842,73845,73848],{},[138,73843,73844],{},"No arguments are needed",[138,73846,73847],{},"You call it on an existing list",[138,73849,73850],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73852,197],{},[28,73854,73856],{"className":30,"code":73855,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73857,73858,73890,73900],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73859,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73861,44],{"class":43},[37,73863,48],{"class":47},[37,73865,519],{"class":51},[37,73867,56],{"class":55},[37,73869,60],{"class":59},[37,73871,56],{"class":55},[37,73873,65],{"class":51},[37,73875,68],{"class":55},[37,73877,71],{"class":59},[37,73879,56],{"class":55},[37,73881,65],{"class":51},[37,73883,68],{"class":55},[37,73885,80],{"class":59},[37,73887,56],{"class":55},[37,73889,3760],{"class":51},[37,73891,73892,73894,73896,73898],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73893,103],{"class":43},[37,73895,292],{"class":51},[37,73897,73664],{"class":102},[37,73899,8761],{"class":51},[37,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73903,92],{"class":91},[37,73905,95],{"class":51},[37,73907,103],{"class":102},[37,73909,85],{"class":51},[20,73911,112],{},[28,73913,73915],{"className":30,"code":73914,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73916,73917],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73918,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73920,1067],{"class":51},[37,73922,821],{"class":55},[37,73924,80],{"class":59},[37,73926,821],{"class":55},[37,73928,65],{"class":51},[37,73930,815],{"class":55},[37,73932,71],{"class":59},[37,73934,821],{"class":55},[37,73936,65],{"class":51},[37,73938,815],{"class":55},[37,73940,60],{"class":59},[37,73942,821],{"class":55},[37,73944,3760],{"class":51},[130,73946,11590],{"id":11589},[20,73948,73949],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[28,73951,73953],{"className":30,"code":73952,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73954,73955,73979,73989],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,73956,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,73958,207],{"class":43},[37,73960,48],{"class":47},[37,73962,519],{"class":51},[37,73964,214],{"class":122},[37,73966,65],{"class":51},[37,73968,219],{"class":122},[37,73970,65],{"class":51},[37,73972,224],{"class":122},[37,73974,65],{"class":51},[37,73976,229],{"class":122},[37,73978,3760],{"class":51},[37,73980,73981,73983,73985,73987],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,73982,246],{"class":43},[37,73984,292],{"class":51},[37,73986,73664],{"class":102},[37,73988,8761],{"class":51},[37,73990,73991,73993,73995,73997],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,73992,92],{"class":91},[37,73994,95],{"class":51},[37,73996,246],{"class":102},[37,73998,85],{"class":51},[20,74000,112],{},[28,74002,74004],{"className":30,"code":74003,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74005,74006],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74007,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74009,1067],{"class":51},[37,74011,56784],{"class":122},[37,74013,65],{"class":51},[37,74015,224],{"class":122},[37,74017,65],{"class":51},[37,74019,219],{"class":122},[37,74021,65],{"class":51},[37,74023,6125],{"class":122},[37,74025,3760],{"class":51},[20,74027,11797],{},[135,74029,74030,74036,74041],{},[138,74031,74032,74033],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74034,74035],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[138,74037,74038,74040],{},[15,74039,73608],{}," flips the order",[138,74042,74043],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[130,74045,74047,74049],{"id":74046},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74048,73608],{}," changes the original list",[20,74051,74052,74053,74056],{},"This method is ",[110,74054,74055],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[28,74058,74060],{"className":30,"code":74059,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74061,74062,74094,74104,74108],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74063,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74065,320],{"class":43},[37,74067,48],{"class":47},[37,74069,519],{"class":51},[37,74071,56],{"class":55},[37,74073,329],{"class":59},[37,74075,56],{"class":55},[37,74077,65],{"class":51},[37,74079,68],{"class":55},[37,74081,338],{"class":59},[37,74083,56],{"class":55},[37,74085,65],{"class":51},[37,74087,68],{"class":55},[37,74089,4218],{"class":59},[37,74091,56],{"class":55},[37,74093,3760],{"class":51},[37,74095,74096,74098,74100,74102],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74097,364],{"class":43},[37,74099,292],{"class":51},[37,74101,73664],{"class":102},[37,74103,8761],{"class":51},[37,74105,74106],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74107,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74109,74110,74112,74114,74116],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,74111,92],{"class":91},[37,74113,95],{"class":51},[37,74115,364],{"class":102},[37,74117,85],{"class":51},[20,74119,112],{},[28,74121,74123],{"className":30,"code":74122,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74124,74125],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74126,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74128,1067],{"class":51},[37,74130,821],{"class":55},[37,74132,4218],{"class":59},[37,74134,821],{"class":55},[37,74136,65],{"class":51},[37,74138,815],{"class":55},[37,74140,338],{"class":59},[37,74142,821],{"class":55},[37,74144,65],{"class":51},[37,74146,815],{"class":55},[37,74148,329],{"class":59},[37,74150,821],{"class":55},[37,74152,3760],{"class":51},[20,74154,22,74155,74157],{},[15,74156,73608],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74159,74160],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[28,74162,74164],{"className":30,"code":74163,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74165,74166,74198,74216,74220,74230],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74167,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74169,320],{"class":43},[37,74171,48],{"class":47},[37,74173,519],{"class":51},[37,74175,56],{"class":55},[37,74177,329],{"class":59},[37,74179,56],{"class":55},[37,74181,65],{"class":51},[37,74183,68],{"class":55},[37,74185,338],{"class":59},[37,74187,56],{"class":55},[37,74189,65],{"class":51},[37,74191,68],{"class":55},[37,74193,4218],{"class":59},[37,74195,56],{"class":55},[37,74197,3760],{"class":51},[37,74199,74200,74203,74205,74207,74210,74212,74214],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74201,74202],{"class":43},"reversed_fruits ",[37,74204,48],{"class":47},[37,74206,52943],{"class":43},[37,74208,74209],{"class":51},"[::",[37,74211,2159],{"class":47},[37,74213,501],{"class":122},[37,74215,3760],{"class":51},[37,74217,74218],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74219,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74221,74222,74224,74226,74228],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,74223,92],{"class":91},[37,74225,95],{"class":51},[37,74227,364],{"class":102},[37,74229,85],{"class":51},[37,74231,74232,74234,74236,74239],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,74233,92],{"class":91},[37,74235,95],{"class":51},[37,74237,74238],{"class":102},"reversed_fruits",[37,74240,85],{"class":51},[20,74242,112],{},[28,74244,74246],{"className":30,"code":74245,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74247,74248,74276],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74249,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74251,1067],{"class":51},[37,74253,821],{"class":55},[37,74255,329],{"class":59},[37,74257,821],{"class":55},[37,74259,65],{"class":51},[37,74261,815],{"class":55},[37,74263,338],{"class":59},[37,74265,821],{"class":55},[37,74267,65],{"class":51},[37,74269,815],{"class":55},[37,74271,4218],{"class":59},[37,74273,821],{"class":55},[37,74275,3760],{"class":51},[37,74277,74278,74280,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74279,1067],{"class":51},[37,74281,821],{"class":55},[37,74283,4218],{"class":59},[37,74285,821],{"class":55},[37,74287,65],{"class":51},[37,74289,815],{"class":55},[37,74291,338],{"class":59},[37,74293,821],{"class":55},[37,74295,65],{"class":51},[37,74297,815],{"class":55},[37,74299,329],{"class":59},[37,74301,821],{"class":55},[37,74303,3760],{"class":51},[20,74305,74306,74307,292],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[285,74308,74309],{"href":73626},"Python list slicing explained",[130,74311,74313],{"id":74312},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74315,74316],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[28,74318,74320],{"className":30,"code":74319,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74321,74322,74342,74356,74360,74371],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74323,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74325,207],{"class":43},[37,74327,48],{"class":47},[37,74329,519],{"class":51},[37,74331,501],{"class":122},[37,74333,65],{"class":51},[37,74335,890],{"class":122},[37,74337,65],{"class":51},[37,74339,513],{"class":122},[37,74341,3760],{"class":51},[37,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74345,55981],{"class":43},[37,74347,48],{"class":47},[37,74349,4383],{"class":43},[37,74351,292],{"class":51},[37,74353,73664],{"class":102},[37,74355,8761],{"class":51},[37,74357,74358],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74359,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74361,74362,74364,74366,74369],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,74363,92],{"class":91},[37,74365,95],{"class":51},[37,74367,74368],{"class":102},"new_list",[37,74370,85],{"class":51},[37,74372,74373,74375,74377,74379],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,74374,92],{"class":91},[37,74376,95],{"class":51},[37,74378,246],{"class":102},[37,74380,85],{"class":51},[20,74382,112],{},[28,74384,74386],{"className":30,"code":74385,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74387,74388,74392],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74389,74390],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74391,11920],{"class":3977},[37,74393,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74395,1067],{"class":51},[37,74397,1129],{"class":122},[37,74399,65],{"class":51},[37,74401,890],{"class":122},[37,74403,65],{"class":51},[37,74405,5619],{"class":122},[37,74407,3760],{"class":51},[20,74409,12012],{},[135,74411,74412,74420,74424],{},[138,74413,74414,74416,74417,74419],{},[15,74415,73608],{}," changes ",[15,74418,246],{}," directly",[138,74421,41007,74422,71926],{},[110,74423,711],{},[138,74425,53745,74426,42255,74428],{},[15,74427,74368],{},[15,74429,3904],{},[20,74431,61989],{},[28,74433,74435],{"className":30,"code":74434,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74436,74437,74457,74467,74471],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74438,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74440,207],{"class":43},[37,74442,48],{"class":47},[37,74444,519],{"class":51},[37,74446,501],{"class":122},[37,74448,65],{"class":51},[37,74450,890],{"class":122},[37,74452,65],{"class":51},[37,74454,513],{"class":122},[37,74456,3760],{"class":51},[37,74458,74459,74461,74463,74465],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74460,246],{"class":43},[37,74462,292],{"class":51},[37,74464,73664],{"class":102},[37,74466,8761],{"class":51},[37,74468,74469],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74470,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74472,74473,74475,74477,74479],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,74474,92],{"class":91},[37,74476,95],{"class":51},[37,74478,246],{"class":102},[37,74480,85],{"class":51},[20,74482,112],{},[28,74484,74486],{"className":30,"code":74485,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74487,74488],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74489,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74491,1067],{"class":51},[37,74493,1129],{"class":122},[37,74495,65],{"class":51},[37,74497,890],{"class":122},[37,74499,65],{"class":51},[37,74501,5619],{"class":122},[37,74503,3760],{"class":51},[130,74505,74507,10700,74509,74512],{"id":74506},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74508,73608],{},[15,74510,74511],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74514,74515],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[307,74517,74518],{"id":73664},[15,74519,73608],{},[20,74521,74522,74524],{},[15,74523,73608],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[28,74526,74528],{"className":30,"code":74527,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74529,74530,74550,74560],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74531,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74533,207],{"class":43},[37,74535,48],{"class":47},[37,74537,519],{"class":51},[37,74539,1129],{"class":122},[37,74541,65],{"class":51},[37,74543,5619],{"class":122},[37,74545,65],{"class":51},[37,74547,890],{"class":122},[37,74549,3760],{"class":51},[37,74551,74552,74554,74556,74558],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74553,246],{"class":43},[37,74555,292],{"class":51},[37,74557,73664],{"class":102},[37,74559,8761],{"class":51},[37,74561,74562,74564,74566,74568],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74563,92],{"class":91},[37,74565,95],{"class":51},[37,74567,246],{"class":102},[37,74569,85],{"class":51},[20,74571,112],{},[28,74573,74575],{"className":30,"code":74574,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74576,74577],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74578,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74580,1067],{"class":51},[37,74582,508],{"class":122},[37,74584,65],{"class":51},[37,74586,5619],{"class":122},[37,74588,65],{"class":51},[37,74590,513],{"class":122},[37,74592,3760],{"class":51},[20,74594,74595,74596,74598],{},"Notice that this is ",[110,74597,711],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[307,74600,74602],{"id":74601},"sorted",[15,74603,74511],{},[20,74605,74606,74611],{},[285,74607,74609],{"href":74608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74610,74511],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[28,74613,74615],{"className":30,"code":74614,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74616,74617,74637,74652,74656,74666],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74618,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74620,207],{"class":43},[37,74622,48],{"class":47},[37,74624,519],{"class":51},[37,74626,1129],{"class":122},[37,74628,65],{"class":51},[37,74630,5619],{"class":122},[37,74632,65],{"class":51},[37,74634,890],{"class":122},[37,74636,3760],{"class":51},[37,74638,74639,74641,74643,74646,74648,74650],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74640,2362],{"class":43},[37,74642,48],{"class":47},[37,74644,74645],{"class":91}," sorted",[37,74647,95],{"class":51},[37,74649,246],{"class":102},[37,74651,85],{"class":51},[37,74653,74654],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74655,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74657,74658,74660,74662,74664],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,74659,92],{"class":91},[37,74661,95],{"class":51},[37,74663,246],{"class":102},[37,74665,85],{"class":51},[37,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,74669,92],{"class":91},[37,74671,95],{"class":51},[37,74673,2397],{"class":102},[37,74675,85],{"class":51},[20,74677,112],{},[28,74679,74681],{"className":30,"code":74680,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74682,74683,74699],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74684,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74686,1067],{"class":51},[37,74688,1129],{"class":122},[37,74690,65],{"class":51},[37,74692,5619],{"class":122},[37,74694,65],{"class":51},[37,74696,890],{"class":122},[37,74698,3760],{"class":51},[37,74700,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74702,1067],{"class":51},[37,74704,501],{"class":122},[37,74706,65],{"class":51},[37,74708,890],{"class":122},[37,74710,65],{"class":51},[37,74712,513],{"class":122},[37,74714,3760],{"class":51},[20,74716,74717,74718,292],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74719,74720],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[307,74722,74724],{"id":74723},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74726,74727,74728,74731],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74729,74730],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[28,74733,74735],{"className":30,"code":74734,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74736,74737,74757,74773,74777,74787],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74738,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74740,207],{"class":43},[37,74742,48],{"class":47},[37,74744,519],{"class":51},[37,74746,1129],{"class":122},[37,74748,65],{"class":51},[37,74750,5619],{"class":122},[37,74752,65],{"class":51},[37,74754,890],{"class":122},[37,74756,3760],{"class":51},[37,74758,74759,74761,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74760,2362],{"class":43},[37,74762,48],{"class":47},[37,74764,4383],{"class":43},[37,74766,74209],{"class":51},[37,74768,2159],{"class":47},[37,74770,501],{"class":122},[37,74772,3760],{"class":51},[37,74774,74775],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74776,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74778,74779,74781,74783,74785],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,74780,92],{"class":91},[37,74782,95],{"class":51},[37,74784,246],{"class":102},[37,74786,85],{"class":51},[37,74788,74789,74791,74793,74795],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,74790,92],{"class":91},[37,74792,95],{"class":51},[37,74794,2397],{"class":102},[37,74796,85],{"class":51},[20,74798,112],{},[28,74800,74802],{"className":30,"code":74801,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74803,74804,74820],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74807,1067],{"class":51},[37,74809,1129],{"class":122},[37,74811,65],{"class":51},[37,74813,5619],{"class":122},[37,74815,65],{"class":51},[37,74817,890],{"class":122},[37,74819,3760],{"class":51},[37,74821,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74823,1067],{"class":51},[37,74825,508],{"class":122},[37,74827,65],{"class":51},[37,74829,5619],{"class":122},[37,74831,65],{"class":51},[37,74833,513],{"class":122},[37,74835,3760],{"class":51},[307,74837,74839],{"id":74838},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[135,74841,74842,74847,74852],{},[138,74843,22,74844,74846],{},[15,74845,73608],{}," when you want to change the original list",[138,74848,22,74849,74851],{},[15,74850,74730],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[138,74853,22,74854,74856],{},[15,74855,74511],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74858,74859,74860,74866],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[285,74861,74863,74864,10856],{"href":74862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74865,64402],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[130,74868,5080,74870],{"id":74869},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74871,73608],{},[20,74873,74874,74876],{},[15,74875,73608],{}," is a good choice:",[135,74878,74879,74882,74885],{},[138,74880,74881],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[138,74883,74884],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[138,74886,74887],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74889,74890,74891,292],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[285,74892,74894],{"href":74893},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[130,74896,1854],{"id":1853},[20,74898,74899,74900,74902],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74901,73608],{}," for these reasons:",[135,74904,74905,74909,74914,74919],{},[138,74906,12707,74907,12710],{},[15,74908,73608],{},[138,74910,1880,74911,74913],{},[15,74912,73608],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[138,74915,1872,74916,74918],{},[15,74917,73608],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[138,74920,37306,74921,8823,74923],{},[15,74922,73608],{},[15,74924,74925],{},"reversed()",[20,74927,74928],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[28,74930,74932],{"className":30,"code":74931,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74933,74934,74946],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74935,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74937,34795],{"class":43},[37,74939,48],{"class":47},[37,74941,68],{"class":55},[37,74943,3970],{"class":59},[37,74945,3484],{"class":55},[37,74947,74948,74950,74952,74954],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74949,34816],{"class":43},[37,74951,292],{"class":51},[37,74953,73664],{"class":102},[37,74955,8761],{"class":51},[20,74957,74958,74959,33707],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74960,73608],{},[20,74962,74963],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[28,74965,74967],{"className":30,"code":74966,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74968,74969,74989,74993,75003,75017,75021,75035,75045,75049],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,74970,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,74972,8426],{"class":43},[37,74974,48],{"class":47},[37,74976,519],{"class":51},[37,74978,501],{"class":122},[37,74980,65],{"class":51},[37,74982,890],{"class":122},[37,74984,65],{"class":51},[37,74986,513],{"class":122},[37,74988,3760],{"class":51},[37,74990,74991],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,74992,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,74994,74995,74997,74999,75001],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,74996,92],{"class":91},[37,74998,95],{"class":51},[37,75000,8457],{"class":102},[37,75002,85],{"class":51},[37,75004,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75006,92],{"class":91},[37,75008,95],{"class":51},[37,75010,757],{"class":756},[37,75012,95],{"class":51},[37,75014,8457],{"class":102},[37,75016,106],{"class":51},[37,75018,75019],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,75020,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75022,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,75024,2362],{"class":43},[37,75026,48],{"class":47},[37,75028,8514],{"class":43},[37,75030,292],{"class":51},[37,75032,73664],{"class":102},[37,75034,8761],{"class":51},[37,75036,75037,75039,75041,75043],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,75038,92],{"class":91},[37,75040,95],{"class":51},[37,75042,2397],{"class":102},[37,75044,85],{"class":51},[37,75046,75047],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,75048,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75050,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,75052,92],{"class":91},[37,75054,95],{"class":51},[37,75056,8457],{"class":102},[37,75058,74209],{"class":51},[37,75060,2159],{"class":47},[37,75062,501],{"class":122},[37,75064,530],{"class":51},[20,75066,112],{},[28,75068,75070],{"className":30,"code":75069,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75071,75072,75088,75102,75106],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75073,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75075,1067],{"class":51},[37,75077,501],{"class":122},[37,75079,65],{"class":51},[37,75081,890],{"class":122},[37,75083,65],{"class":51},[37,75085,513],{"class":122},[37,75087,3760],{"class":51},[37,75089,75090,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,75091,808],{"class":47},[37,75093,812],{"class":811},[37,75095,815],{"class":55},[37,75097,8213],{"class":59},[37,75099,821],{"class":55},[37,75101,824],{"class":47},[37,75103,75104],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,75105,11920],{"class":3977},[37,75107,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116,75118,75120],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75109,1067],{"class":51},[37,75111,501],{"class":122},[37,75113,65],{"class":51},[37,75115,890],{"class":122},[37,75117,65],{"class":51},[37,75119,5619],{"class":122},[37,75121,3760],{"class":51},[20,75123,75124],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[28,75126,75128],{"className":30,"code":75127,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75129,75130,75150,75154,75164,75178,75182,75196,75206,75216],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75131,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75133,8426],{"class":43},[37,75135,48],{"class":47},[37,75137,519],{"class":51},[37,75139,501],{"class":122},[37,75141,65],{"class":51},[37,75143,890],{"class":122},[37,75145,65],{"class":51},[37,75147,513],{"class":122},[37,75149,3760],{"class":51},[37,75151,75152],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,75153,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75155,75156,75158,75160,75162],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,75157,92],{"class":91},[37,75159,95],{"class":51},[37,75161,8457],{"class":102},[37,75163,85],{"class":51},[37,75165,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75167,92],{"class":91},[37,75169,95],{"class":51},[37,75171,757],{"class":756},[37,75173,95],{"class":51},[37,75175,8457],{"class":102},[37,75177,106],{"class":51},[37,75179,75180],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,75181,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75183,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,75185,2362],{"class":43},[37,75187,48],{"class":47},[37,75189,8514],{"class":43},[37,75191,292],{"class":51},[37,75193,73664],{"class":102},[37,75195,8761],{"class":51},[37,75197,75198,75200,75202,75204],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,75199,92],{"class":91},[37,75201,95],{"class":51},[37,75203,2397],{"class":102},[37,75205,85],{"class":51},[37,75207,75208,75210,75212,75214],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,75209,92],{"class":91},[37,75211,95],{"class":51},[37,75213,8457],{"class":102},[37,75215,85],{"class":51},[37,75217,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,75219,92],{"class":91},[37,75221,95],{"class":51},[37,75223,8457],{"class":102},[37,75225,74209],{"class":51},[37,75227,2159],{"class":47},[37,75229,501],{"class":122},[37,75231,530],{"class":51},[20,75233,112],{},[28,75235,75237],{"className":30,"code":75236,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75238,75239,75255,75269,75273,75289],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75240,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75242,1067],{"class":51},[37,75244,501],{"class":122},[37,75246,65],{"class":51},[37,75248,890],{"class":122},[37,75250,65],{"class":51},[37,75252,513],{"class":122},[37,75254,3760],{"class":51},[37,75256,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,75258,808],{"class":47},[37,75260,812],{"class":811},[37,75262,815],{"class":55},[37,75264,8213],{"class":59},[37,75266,821],{"class":55},[37,75268,824],{"class":47},[37,75270,75271],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,75272,11920],{"class":3977},[37,75274,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75276,1067],{"class":51},[37,75278,1129],{"class":122},[37,75280,65],{"class":51},[37,75282,890],{"class":122},[37,75284,65],{"class":51},[37,75286,5619],{"class":122},[37,75288,3760],{"class":51},[37,75290,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,75292,1067],{"class":51},[37,75294,501],{"class":122},[37,75296,65],{"class":51},[37,75298,890],{"class":122},[37,75300,65],{"class":51},[37,75302,513],{"class":122},[37,75304,3760],{"class":51},[20,75306,75307],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[135,75309,75310,75319,75328],{},[138,75311,27902,75312,75315,75316],{},[15,75313,75314],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75317,75318],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[138,75320,12028,75321,75324,75325,22666],{},[15,75322,75323],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[110,75326,75327],{},"current",[138,75329,75330,75331],{},"So it prints ",[15,75332,75333],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[130,75335,1969],{"id":1968},[307,75337,1983,75339,55560],{"id":75338},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75340,73613],{},[20,75342,62694,75343,292],{},[15,75344,3904],{},[307,75346,34312,75348,34315,75350,2623],{"id":75347},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75349,73608],{},[15,75351,75352],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75354,75355,75357],{},[15,75356,73608],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75359,75360,75362],{},[15,75361,75352],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[307,75364,28435,75366,75368],{"id":75365},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75367,73608],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75370,1989,75371,75373],{},[15,75372,73608],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[307,75375,75377],{"id":75376},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75379,75380],{},"Use slicing:",[28,75382,75384],{"className":30,"code":75383,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75385,75386],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75387,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75389,8457],{"class":43},[37,75391,74209],{"class":51},[37,75393,2159],{"class":47},[37,75395,501],{"class":122},[37,75397,3760],{"class":51},[20,75399,75400],{},"Or use:",[28,75402,75404],{"className":30,"code":75403,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75405,75406],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75407,75408,75410,75412,75415,75417,75419],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75409,8213],{"class":756},[37,75411,95],{"class":51},[37,75413,75414],{"class":91},"reversed",[37,75416,95],{"class":51},[37,75418,8457],{"class":102},[37,75420,106],{"class":51},[20,75422,75423,75424,75428],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[285,75425,55611,75426],{"href":55051},[15,75427,12889],{}," can also help.",[130,75430,2025],{"id":2024},[135,75432,75433,75439,75445,75449,75453],{},[138,75434,75435],{},[285,75436,55611,75437,10856],{"href":74862},[15,75438,64402],{},[138,75440,75441],{},[285,75442,288,75443,291],{"href":74608},[15,75444,74511],{},[138,75446,75447],{},[285,75448,74894],{"href":74893},[138,75450,75451],{},[285,75452,74309],{"href":73626},[138,75454,75455],{},[285,75456,55611,75457,10856],{"href":55051},[15,75458,12889],{},[2052,75460,75461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":75463},[75464,75465,75467,75468,75469,75471,75472,75479,75481,75482,75491],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":73687,"depth":88,"text":75466},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":74046,"depth":88,"text":75470},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74312,"depth":88,"text":74313},{"id":74506,"depth":88,"text":75473,"children":75474},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75475,75476,75477,75478],{"id":73664,"depth":251,"text":73608},{"id":74601,"depth":251,"text":74511},{"id":74723,"depth":251,"text":74724},{"id":74838,"depth":251,"text":74839},{"id":74869,"depth":88,"text":75480},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":75483},[75484,75486,75488,75490],{"id":75338,"depth":251,"text":75485},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75347,"depth":251,"text":75487},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75365,"depth":251,"text":75489},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75376,"depth":251,"text":75377},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73600,"description":75492},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75499,"title":75500,"body":75501,"description":77934,"extension":2099,"meta":77935,"navigation":254,"path":77936,"seo":77937,"stem":77938,"__hash__":77939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75502,"toc":77902},[75503,75506,75518,75521,75544,75552,75554,75666,75675,75679,75682,75685,75772,75774,75807,75809,75832,75838,75842,75845,75867,75869,75886,75889,75909,75911,76021,76023,76100,76104,76107,76150,76152,76285,76287,76389,76394,76398,76401,76403,76417,76420,76534,76536,76610,76612,76640,76644,76649,76679,76682,76808,76810,76892,76898,76902,76904,76943,76952,76956,76959,76963,77010,77012,77020,77024,77075,77077,77090,77092,77106,77109,77117,77119,77166,77168,77176,77179,77222,77227,77230,77233,77256,77260,77311,77314,77335,77345,77349,77351,77381,77384,77407,77411,77414,77481,77483,77520,77523,77531,77598,77600,77637,77643,77650,77654,77657,77687,77692,77696,77699,77723,77726,77820,77830,77832,77836,77839,77843,77846,77851,77854,77860,77863,77865,77893,77899],[10,75504,75500],{"id":75505},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75507,75508,75509,2321,75511,17181,75514,75517],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75510,36182],{},[15,75512,75513],{},"stop",[15,75515,75516],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75519,75520],{},"The basic slice form is:",[28,75522,75524],{"className":30,"code":75523,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75525,75526],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75527,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75529,8457],{"class":43},[37,75531,1067],{"class":51},[37,75533,36182],{"class":43},[37,75535,3013],{"class":51},[37,75537,75513],{"class":43},[37,75539,3013],{"class":51},[37,75541,75516],{"class":43},[37,75543,3760],{"class":51},[20,75545,75546,75547,75549,75550,292],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75548,75513],{}," position is ",[110,75551,65160],{},[130,75553,2140],{"id":2139},[28,75555,75557],{"className":30,"code":75556,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75558,75559,75587,75591,75612,75630,75647],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75560,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75562,207],{"class":43},[37,75564,48],{"class":47},[37,75566,519],{"class":51},[37,75568,214],{"class":122},[37,75570,65],{"class":51},[37,75572,219],{"class":122},[37,75574,65],{"class":51},[37,75576,224],{"class":122},[37,75578,65],{"class":51},[37,75580,229],{"class":122},[37,75582,65],{"class":51},[37,75584,5200],{"class":122},[37,75586,3760],{"class":51},[37,75588,75589],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,75590,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75592,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,75594,92],{"class":91},[37,75596,95],{"class":51},[37,75598,246],{"class":102},[37,75600,1067],{"class":51},[37,75602,501],{"class":122},[37,75604,3013],{"class":51},[37,75606,522],{"class":122},[37,75608,20553],{"class":51},[37,75610,75611],{"class":3788},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[37,75613,75614,75616,75618,75620,75623,75625,75627],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75615,92],{"class":91},[37,75617,95],{"class":51},[37,75619,246],{"class":102},[37,75621,75622],{"class":51},"[:",[37,75624,1129],{"class":122},[37,75626,20553],{"class":51},[37,75628,75629],{"class":3788},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[37,75631,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,75633,92],{"class":91},[37,75635,95],{"class":51},[37,75637,246],{"class":102},[37,75639,74209],{"class":51},[37,75641,508],{"class":122},[37,75643,20553],{"class":51},[37,75645,75646],{"class":3788},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[37,75648,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,75650,92],{"class":91},[37,75652,95],{"class":51},[37,75654,246],{"class":102},[37,75656,74209],{"class":51},[37,75658,2159],{"class":47},[37,75660,501],{"class":122},[37,75662,20553],{"class":51},[37,75664,75665],{"class":3788},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75667,22,75668,75671,75672,75674],{},[15,75669,75670],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75673,75513],{}," value is not included.",[130,75676,75678],{"id":75677},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75680,75681],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75683,75684],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[28,75686,75688],{"className":30,"code":75687,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75689,75690,75738,75742,75761],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75691,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75693,1729],{"class":43},[37,75695,48],{"class":47},[37,75697,519],{"class":51},[37,75699,56],{"class":55},[37,75701,285],{"class":59},[37,75703,56],{"class":55},[37,75705,65],{"class":51},[37,75707,68],{"class":55},[37,75709,777],{"class":59},[37,75711,56],{"class":55},[37,75713,65],{"class":51},[37,75715,68],{"class":55},[37,75717,1754],{"class":59},[37,75719,56],{"class":55},[37,75721,65],{"class":51},[37,75723,68],{"class":55},[37,75725,18875],{"class":59},[37,75727,56],{"class":55},[37,75729,65],{"class":51},[37,75731,68],{"class":55},[37,75733,60538],{"class":59},[37,75735,56],{"class":55},[37,75737,3760],{"class":51},[37,75739,75740],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,75741,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75743,75744,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,75745,75746],{"class":43},"part ",[37,75748,48],{"class":47},[37,75750,1802],{"class":43},[37,75752,1067],{"class":51},[37,75754,501],{"class":122},[37,75756,3013],{"class":51},[37,75758,522],{"class":122},[37,75760,3760],{"class":51},[37,75762,75763,75765,75767,75770],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75764,92],{"class":91},[37,75766,95],{"class":51},[37,75768,75769],{"class":102},"part",[37,75771,85],{"class":51},[20,75773,112],{},[28,75775,75777],{"className":30,"code":75776,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75778,75779],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75780,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75782,1067],{"class":51},[37,75784,821],{"class":55},[37,75786,777],{"class":59},[37,75788,821],{"class":55},[37,75790,65],{"class":51},[37,75792,815],{"class":55},[37,75794,1754],{"class":59},[37,75796,821],{"class":55},[37,75798,65],{"class":51},[37,75800,815],{"class":55},[37,75802,18875],{"class":59},[37,75804,821],{"class":55},[37,75806,3760],{"class":51},[20,75808,13164],{},[135,75810,75811,75814,75817,75823,75829],{},[138,75812,75813],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[138,75815,75816],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[138,75818,75819,75820],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75821,75822],{},"list[start:stop]",[138,75824,75825,75826,75828],{},"The item at ",[15,75827,75513],{}," is not included",[138,75830,75831],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75833,75834,75835,292],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[285,75836,75837],{"href":51072},"beginner guide to Python lists",[130,75839,75841],{"id":75840},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75843,75844],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[28,75846,75847],{"className":30,"code":75523,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,75848,75849],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75850,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75852,8457],{"class":43},[37,75854,1067],{"class":51},[37,75856,36182],{"class":43},[37,75858,3013],{"class":51},[37,75860,75513],{"class":43},[37,75862,3013],{"class":51},[37,75864,75516],{"class":43},[37,75866,3760],{"class":51},[20,75868,65136],{},[135,75870,75871,75876,75881],{},[138,75872,75873,75875],{},[15,75874,36182],{}," is where slicing begins",[138,75877,75878,75880],{},[15,75879,75513],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[138,75882,75883,75885],{},[15,75884,75516],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75887,75888],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[135,75890,75891,75897,75902],{},[138,75892,75893,75894,75896],{},"Missing ",[15,75895,36182],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[138,75898,75893,75899,75901],{},[15,75900,75513],{}," means go to the end of the list",[138,75903,75893,75904,75906,75907],{},[15,75905,75516],{}," means use ",[15,75908,501],{},[20,75910,197],{},[28,75912,75914],{"className":30,"code":75913,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75915,75916,75944,75948,75969,75986,76004],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,75917,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,75919,207],{"class":43},[37,75921,48],{"class":47},[37,75923,519],{"class":51},[37,75925,214],{"class":122},[37,75927,65],{"class":51},[37,75929,219],{"class":122},[37,75931,65],{"class":51},[37,75933,224],{"class":122},[37,75935,65],{"class":51},[37,75937,229],{"class":122},[37,75939,65],{"class":51},[37,75941,5200],{"class":122},[37,75943,3760],{"class":51},[37,75945,75946],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,75947,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,75949,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,75951,92],{"class":91},[37,75953,95],{"class":51},[37,75955,246],{"class":102},[37,75957,1067],{"class":51},[37,75959,501],{"class":122},[37,75961,3013],{"class":51},[37,75963,522],{"class":122},[37,75965,20553],{"class":51},[37,75967,75968],{"class":3788},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[37,75970,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,75972,92],{"class":91},[37,75974,95],{"class":51},[37,75976,246],{"class":102},[37,75978,75622],{"class":51},[37,75980,1129],{"class":122},[37,75982,20553],{"class":51},[37,75984,75985],{"class":3788},"    # start from the beginning\n",[37,75987,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76001],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,75989,92],{"class":91},[37,75991,95],{"class":51},[37,75993,246],{"class":102},[37,75995,1067],{"class":51},[37,75997,508],{"class":122},[37,75999,76000],{"class":51},":])",[37,76002,76003],{"class":3788},"    # go to the end\n",[37,76005,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,76007,92],{"class":91},[37,76009,95],{"class":51},[37,76011,246],{"class":102},[37,76013,74209],{"class":51},[37,76015,501],{"class":122},[37,76017,20553],{"class":51},[37,76019,76020],{"class":3788},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76022,112],{},[28,76024,76026],{"className":30,"code":76025,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76027,76028,76044,76060,76076],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76029,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76031,1067],{"class":51},[37,76033,15863],{"class":122},[37,76035,65],{"class":51},[37,76037,224],{"class":122},[37,76039,65],{"class":51},[37,76041,229],{"class":122},[37,76043,3760],{"class":51},[37,76045,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76047,1067],{"class":51},[37,76049,214],{"class":122},[37,76051,65],{"class":51},[37,76053,219],{"class":122},[37,76055,65],{"class":51},[37,76057,224],{"class":122},[37,76059,3760],{"class":51},[37,76061,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76063,1067],{"class":51},[37,76065,36943],{"class":122},[37,76067,65],{"class":51},[37,76069,229],{"class":122},[37,76071,65],{"class":51},[37,76073,5200],{"class":122},[37,76075,3760],{"class":51},[37,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,76079,1067],{"class":51},[37,76081,214],{"class":122},[37,76083,65],{"class":51},[37,76085,219],{"class":122},[37,76087,65],{"class":51},[37,76089,224],{"class":122},[37,76091,65],{"class":51},[37,76093,229],{"class":122},[37,76095,65],{"class":51},[37,76097,5200],{"class":122},[37,76099,3760],{"class":51},[130,76101,76103],{"id":76102},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76105,76106],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[135,76108,76109,76118,76127,76138,76144],{},[138,76110,76111,76114,76115,6087],{},[15,76112,76113],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76116,76117],{},"n",[138,76119,76120,76123,76124,76126],{},[15,76121,76122],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76125,76117],{}," to the end",[138,76128,76129,76132,76133,76135,76136],{},[15,76130,76131],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76134,285],{}," up to ",[15,76137,777],{},[138,76139,76140,76143],{},[15,76141,76142],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[138,76145,76146,76149],{},[15,76147,76148],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76151,197],{},[28,76153,76155],{"className":30,"code":76154,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76156,76157,76190,76194,76211,76228,76249,76266],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76158,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76188],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76160,207],{"class":43},[37,76162,48],{"class":47},[37,76164,519],{"class":51},[37,76166,214],{"class":122},[37,76168,65],{"class":51},[37,76170,219],{"class":122},[37,76172,65],{"class":51},[37,76174,224],{"class":122},[37,76176,65],{"class":51},[37,76178,229],{"class":122},[37,76180,65],{"class":51},[37,76182,5200],{"class":122},[37,76184,65],{"class":51},[37,76186,76187],{"class":122}," 60",[37,76189,3760],{"class":51},[37,76191,76192],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76193,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,76195,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76197,92],{"class":91},[37,76199,95],{"class":51},[37,76201,246],{"class":102},[37,76203,75622],{"class":51},[37,76205,1129],{"class":122},[37,76207,20553],{"class":51},[37,76209,76210],{"class":3788},"    # first 3 items\n",[37,76212,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,76214,92],{"class":91},[37,76216,95],{"class":51},[37,76218,246],{"class":102},[37,76220,1067],{"class":51},[37,76222,1129],{"class":122},[37,76224,76000],{"class":51},[37,76226,76227],{"class":3788},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[37,76229,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,76231,92],{"class":91},[37,76233,95],{"class":51},[37,76235,246],{"class":102},[37,76237,1067],{"class":51},[37,76239,501],{"class":122},[37,76241,3013],{"class":51},[37,76243,446],{"class":122},[37,76245,20553],{"class":51},[37,76247,76248],{"class":3788},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[37,76250,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,76252,92],{"class":91},[37,76254,95],{"class":51},[37,76256,246],{"class":102},[37,76258,74209],{"class":51},[37,76260,508],{"class":122},[37,76262,20553],{"class":51},[37,76264,76265],{"class":3788},"   # every second item\n",[37,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,76269,92],{"class":91},[37,76271,95],{"class":51},[37,76273,246],{"class":102},[37,76275,74209],{"class":51},[37,76277,2159],{"class":47},[37,76279,501],{"class":122},[37,76281,20553],{"class":51},[37,76283,76284],{"class":3788},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76286,112],{},[28,76288,76290],{"className":30,"code":76289,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76291,76292,76308,76324,76344,76360],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76293,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76295,1067],{"class":51},[37,76297,214],{"class":122},[37,76299,65],{"class":51},[37,76301,219],{"class":122},[37,76303,65],{"class":51},[37,76305,224],{"class":122},[37,76307,3760],{"class":51},[37,76309,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76311,1067],{"class":51},[37,76313,56784],{"class":122},[37,76315,65],{"class":51},[37,76317,5200],{"class":122},[37,76319,65],{"class":51},[37,76321,76187],{"class":122},[37,76323,3760],{"class":51},[37,76325,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76327,1067],{"class":51},[37,76329,15863],{"class":122},[37,76331,65],{"class":51},[37,76333,224],{"class":122},[37,76335,65],{"class":51},[37,76337,229],{"class":122},[37,76339,65],{"class":51},[37,76341,5200],{"class":122},[37,76343,3760],{"class":51},[37,76345,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,76347,1067],{"class":51},[37,76349,214],{"class":122},[37,76351,65],{"class":51},[37,76353,224],{"class":122},[37,76355,65],{"class":51},[37,76357,5200],{"class":122},[37,76359,3760],{"class":51},[37,76361,76362,76364,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,76363,1067],{"class":51},[37,76365,76366],{"class":122},"60",[37,76368,65],{"class":51},[37,76370,5200],{"class":122},[37,76372,65],{"class":51},[37,76374,229],{"class":122},[37,76376,65],{"class":51},[37,76378,224],{"class":122},[37,76380,65],{"class":51},[37,76382,219],{"class":122},[37,76384,65],{"class":51},[37,76386,6125],{"class":122},[37,76388,3760],{"class":51},[20,76390,76391,76392,292],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[285,76393,14998],{"href":57311},[130,76395,76397],{"id":76396},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76399,76400],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76402,5593],{},[135,76404,76405,76411],{},[138,76406,76407,76410],{},[15,76408,76409],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[138,76412,76413,76416],{},[15,76414,76415],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76418,76419],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[28,76421,76423],{"className":30,"code":76422,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76424,76425,76473,76477,76496,76515],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76426,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76428,1729],{"class":43},[37,76430,48],{"class":47},[37,76432,519],{"class":51},[37,76434,56],{"class":55},[37,76436,285],{"class":59},[37,76438,56],{"class":55},[37,76440,65],{"class":51},[37,76442,68],{"class":55},[37,76444,777],{"class":59},[37,76446,56],{"class":55},[37,76448,65],{"class":51},[37,76450,68],{"class":55},[37,76452,1754],{"class":59},[37,76454,56],{"class":55},[37,76456,65],{"class":51},[37,76458,68],{"class":55},[37,76460,18875],{"class":59},[37,76462,56],{"class":55},[37,76464,65],{"class":51},[37,76466,68],{"class":55},[37,76468,60538],{"class":59},[37,76470,56],{"class":55},[37,76472,3760],{"class":51},[37,76474,76475],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76476,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,76478,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76480,92],{"class":91},[37,76482,95],{"class":51},[37,76484,1785],{"class":102},[37,76486,1067],{"class":51},[37,76488,2159],{"class":47},[37,76490,501],{"class":122},[37,76492,20553],{"class":51},[37,76494,76495],{"class":3788},"    # last item\n",[37,76497,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,76499,92],{"class":91},[37,76501,95],{"class":51},[37,76503,1785],{"class":102},[37,76505,1067],{"class":51},[37,76507,2159],{"class":47},[37,76509,1129],{"class":122},[37,76511,76000],{"class":51},[37,76513,76514],{"class":3788},"   # last 3 items\n",[37,76516,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,76518,92],{"class":91},[37,76520,95],{"class":51},[37,76522,1785],{"class":102},[37,76524,75622],{"class":51},[37,76526,2159],{"class":47},[37,76528,501],{"class":122},[37,76530,20553],{"class":51},[37,76532,76533],{"class":3788},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76535,112],{},[28,76537,76539],{"className":30,"code":76538,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76540,76541,76546,76574],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76542,76543],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76544,76545],{"class":43},"e\n",[37,76547,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76549,1067],{"class":51},[37,76551,821],{"class":55},[37,76553,1754],{"class":59},[37,76555,821],{"class":55},[37,76557,65],{"class":51},[37,76559,815],{"class":55},[37,76561,18875],{"class":59},[37,76563,821],{"class":55},[37,76565,65],{"class":51},[37,76567,815],{"class":55},[37,76569,60538],{"class":59},[37,76571,821],{"class":55},[37,76573,3760],{"class":51},[37,76575,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76577,1067],{"class":51},[37,76579,821],{"class":55},[37,76581,285],{"class":59},[37,76583,821],{"class":55},[37,76585,65],{"class":51},[37,76587,815],{"class":55},[37,76589,777],{"class":59},[37,76591,821],{"class":55},[37,76593,65],{"class":51},[37,76595,815],{"class":55},[37,76597,1754],{"class":59},[37,76599,821],{"class":55},[37,76601,65],{"class":51},[37,76603,815],{"class":55},[37,76605,18875],{"class":59},[37,76607,821],{"class":55},[37,76609,3760],{"class":51},[20,76611,13164],{},[135,76613,76614,76617,76621,76627,76633],{},[138,76615,76616],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[138,76618,76619,76410],{},[15,76620,76409],{},[138,76622,76623,76626],{},[15,76624,76625],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[138,76628,76629,76632],{},[15,76630,76631],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[138,76634,76635,76636,851,76638],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76637,36182],{},[15,76639,75513],{},[130,76641,76643],{"id":76642},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76645,1531,76646,76648],{},[15,76647,75516],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[135,76650,76651,76654,76657,76662,76672],{},[138,76652,76653],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[138,76655,76656],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[138,76658,76659,76661],{},[15,76660,76148],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[138,76663,8994,76664,76666,76667,76669,76670],{},[15,76665,75516],{}," is negative, ",[15,76668,36182],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76671,75513],{},[138,76673,76674,76676,76677],{},[15,76675,75516],{}," cannot be ",[15,76678,1070],{},[20,76680,76681],{},"Example with different step values:",[28,76683,76685],{"className":30,"code":76684,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76686,76687,76719,76723,76740,76762,76781],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76688,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76690,207],{"class":43},[37,76692,48],{"class":47},[37,76694,519],{"class":51},[37,76696,214],{"class":122},[37,76698,65],{"class":51},[37,76700,219],{"class":122},[37,76702,65],{"class":51},[37,76704,224],{"class":122},[37,76706,65],{"class":51},[37,76708,229],{"class":122},[37,76710,65],{"class":51},[37,76712,5200],{"class":122},[37,76714,65],{"class":51},[37,76716,76187],{"class":122},[37,76718,3760],{"class":51},[37,76720,76721],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76722,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,76724,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76726,92],{"class":91},[37,76728,95],{"class":51},[37,76730,246],{"class":102},[37,76732,74209],{"class":51},[37,76734,508],{"class":122},[37,76736,20553],{"class":51},[37,76738,76739],{"class":3788},"     # every second item\n",[37,76741,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76755,76757,76759],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,76743,92],{"class":91},[37,76745,95],{"class":51},[37,76747,246],{"class":102},[37,76749,1067],{"class":51},[37,76751,501],{"class":122},[37,76753,76754],{"class":51},"::",[37,76756,508],{"class":122},[37,76758,20553],{"class":51},[37,76760,76761],{"class":3788},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[37,76763,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,76765,92],{"class":91},[37,76767,95],{"class":51},[37,76769,246],{"class":102},[37,76771,74209],{"class":51},[37,76773,2159],{"class":47},[37,76775,501],{"class":122},[37,76777,20553],{"class":51},[37,76779,76780],{"class":3788},"    # reverse the list\n",[37,76782,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,76784,92],{"class":91},[37,76786,95],{"class":51},[37,76788,246],{"class":102},[37,76790,1067],{"class":51},[37,76792,522],{"class":122},[37,76794,3013],{"class":51},[37,76796,501],{"class":122},[37,76798,3013],{"class":51},[37,76800,2159],{"class":47},[37,76802,501],{"class":122},[37,76804,20553],{"class":51},[37,76806,76807],{"class":3788},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76809,112],{},[28,76811,76813],{"className":30,"code":76812,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76814,76815,76831,76847,76875],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76816,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76818,1067],{"class":51},[37,76820,214],{"class":122},[37,76822,65],{"class":51},[37,76824,224],{"class":122},[37,76826,65],{"class":51},[37,76828,5200],{"class":122},[37,76830,3760],{"class":51},[37,76832,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76834,1067],{"class":51},[37,76836,15863],{"class":122},[37,76838,65],{"class":51},[37,76840,229],{"class":122},[37,76842,65],{"class":51},[37,76844,76187],{"class":122},[37,76846,3760],{"class":51},[37,76848,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76850,1067],{"class":51},[37,76852,76366],{"class":122},[37,76854,65],{"class":51},[37,76856,5200],{"class":122},[37,76858,65],{"class":51},[37,76860,229],{"class":122},[37,76862,65],{"class":51},[37,76864,224],{"class":122},[37,76866,65],{"class":51},[37,76868,219],{"class":122},[37,76870,65],{"class":51},[37,76872,6125],{"class":122},[37,76874,3760],{"class":51},[37,76876,76877,76879,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,76878,1067],{"class":51},[37,76880,76881],{"class":122},"50",[37,76883,65],{"class":51},[37,76885,229],{"class":122},[37,76887,65],{"class":51},[37,76889,224],{"class":122},[37,76891,3760],{"class":51},[20,76893,76894,76895,292],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[285,76896,76897],{"href":74893},"how to reverse a list in Python",[307,76899,76901],{"id":76900},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76903,2964],{},[28,76905,76907],{"className":30,"code":76906,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76908,76909,76929],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76910,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76912,207],{"class":43},[37,76914,48],{"class":47},[37,76916,519],{"class":51},[37,76918,501],{"class":122},[37,76920,65],{"class":51},[37,76922,890],{"class":122},[37,76924,65],{"class":51},[37,76926,513],{"class":122},[37,76928,3760],{"class":51},[37,76930,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76932,92],{"class":91},[37,76934,95],{"class":51},[37,76936,246],{"class":102},[37,76938,74209],{"class":51},[37,76940,1070],{"class":122},[37,76942,530],{"class":51},[20,76944,76945,76946,76948,76949,76951],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76947,40805],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76950,1070],{}," does not make sense.",[130,76953,76955],{"id":76954},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76957,76958],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[307,76960,76962],{"id":76961},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[28,76964,76966],{"className":30,"code":76965,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76967,76968,76992,76996],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,76969,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,76971,207],{"class":43},[37,76973,48],{"class":47},[37,76975,519],{"class":51},[37,76977,214],{"class":122},[37,76979,65],{"class":51},[37,76981,219],{"class":122},[37,76983,65],{"class":51},[37,76985,224],{"class":122},[37,76987,65],{"class":51},[37,76989,229],{"class":122},[37,76991,3760],{"class":51},[37,76993,76994],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,76995,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,76997,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,76999,92],{"class":91},[37,77001,95],{"class":51},[37,77003,246],{"class":102},[37,77005,1067],{"class":51},[37,77007,508],{"class":122},[37,77009,530],{"class":51},[20,77011,112],{},[28,77013,77014],{"className":30,"code":69928,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,77015,77016],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77017,77018],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77019,69928],{"class":122},[307,77021,77023],{"id":77022},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[28,77025,77027],{"className":30,"code":77026,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77028,77029,77053,77057],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77032,207],{"class":43},[37,77034,48],{"class":47},[37,77036,519],{"class":51},[37,77038,214],{"class":122},[37,77040,65],{"class":51},[37,77042,219],{"class":122},[37,77044,65],{"class":51},[37,77046,224],{"class":122},[37,77048,65],{"class":51},[37,77050,229],{"class":122},[37,77052,3760],{"class":51},[37,77054,77055],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77056,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,77058,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,77060,92],{"class":91},[37,77062,95],{"class":51},[37,77064,246],{"class":102},[37,77066,1067],{"class":51},[37,77068,508],{"class":122},[37,77070,3013],{"class":51},[37,77072,1129],{"class":122},[37,77074,530],{"class":51},[20,77076,112],{},[28,77078,77080],{"className":30,"code":77079,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[30]\n",[15,77081,77082],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77083,77084,77086,77088],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77085,1067],{"class":51},[37,77087,36943],{"class":122},[37,77089,3760],{"class":51},[20,77091,13872],{},[135,77093,77094,77100],{},[138,77095,77096,77099],{},[15,77097,77098],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[138,77101,77102,77105],{},[15,77103,77104],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77107,77108],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[135,77110,77111,77114],{},[138,77112,77113],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[138,77115,77116],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77118,197],{},[28,77120,77122],{"className":30,"code":77121,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77123,77124,77144,77148],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77125,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77127,207],{"class":43},[37,77129,48],{"class":47},[37,77131,519],{"class":51},[37,77133,214],{"class":122},[37,77135,65],{"class":51},[37,77137,219],{"class":122},[37,77139,65],{"class":51},[37,77141,224],{"class":122},[37,77143,3760],{"class":51},[37,77145,77146],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77147,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,77149,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,77151,92],{"class":91},[37,77153,95],{"class":51},[37,77155,246],{"class":102},[37,77157,1067],{"class":51},[37,77159,446],{"class":122},[37,77161,3013],{"class":51},[37,77163,214],{"class":122},[37,77165,530],{"class":51},[20,77167,112],{},[28,77169,77170],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,77171,77172],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77173,77174],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77175,38399],{"class":51},[20,77177,77178],{},"But this would raise an error:",[28,77180,77182],{"className":30,"code":77181,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77183,77184,77204,77208],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77185,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77187,207],{"class":43},[37,77189,48],{"class":47},[37,77191,519],{"class":51},[37,77193,214],{"class":122},[37,77195,65],{"class":51},[37,77197,219],{"class":122},[37,77199,65],{"class":51},[37,77201,224],{"class":122},[37,77203,3760],{"class":51},[37,77205,77206],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77207,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,77209,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,77211,92],{"class":91},[37,77213,95],{"class":51},[37,77215,246],{"class":102},[37,77217,1067],{"class":51},[37,77219,446],{"class":122},[37,77221,530],{"class":51},[20,77223,77224,77225,292],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[285,77226,69349],{"href":69348},[130,77228,15285],{"id":77229},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77231,77232],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[135,77234,77235,77239,77241,77244,77250],{},[138,77236,4823,77237,75828],{},[15,77238,75513],{},[138,77240,60783],{},[138,77242,77243],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[138,77245,37306,77246,8823,77248],{},[15,77247,76148],{},[15,77249,73613],{},[138,77251,77252,77253,77255],{},"Using step ",[15,77254,1070],{},", which causes an error",[307,77257,77259],{"id":77258},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[28,77261,77263],{"className":30,"code":77262,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77264,77265,77293],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77266,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77268,207],{"class":43},[37,77270,48],{"class":47},[37,77272,519],{"class":51},[37,77274,214],{"class":122},[37,77276,65],{"class":51},[37,77278,219],{"class":122},[37,77280,65],{"class":51},[37,77282,224],{"class":122},[37,77284,65],{"class":51},[37,77286,229],{"class":122},[37,77288,65],{"class":51},[37,77290,5200],{"class":122},[37,77292,3760],{"class":51},[37,77294,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305,77307,77309],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77296,92],{"class":91},[37,77298,95],{"class":51},[37,77300,246],{"class":102},[37,77302,1067],{"class":51},[37,77304,501],{"class":122},[37,77306,3013],{"class":51},[37,77308,522],{"class":122},[37,77310,530],{"class":51},[20,77312,77313],{},"This returns:",[28,77315,77317],{"className":30,"code":77316,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77318,77319],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77320,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77322,1067],{"class":51},[37,77324,15863],{"class":122},[37,77326,65],{"class":51},[37,77328,224],{"class":122},[37,77330,65],{"class":51},[37,77332,229],{"class":122},[37,77334,3760],{"class":51},[20,77336,41007,77337,77339,77340,77342,77343,292],{},[110,77338,711],{}," include ",[15,77341,76881],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77344,522],{},[307,77346,77348],{"id":77347},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77350,16753],{},[28,77352,77354],{"className":30,"code":77353,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77355,77356,77376],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77357,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77359,207],{"class":43},[37,77361,48],{"class":47},[37,77363,519],{"class":51},[37,77365,214],{"class":122},[37,77367,65],{"class":51},[37,77369,219],{"class":122},[37,77371,65],{"class":51},[37,77373,224],{"class":122},[37,77375,3760],{"class":51},[37,77377,77378],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77379,77380],{"class":3788},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77382,77383],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[28,77385,77387],{"className":30,"code":77386,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77388,77389],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77392,92],{"class":91},[37,77394,95],{"class":51},[37,77396,246],{"class":102},[37,77398,1067],{"class":51},[37,77400,501],{"class":122},[37,77402,3013],{"class":51},[37,77404,1129],{"class":122},[37,77406,530],{"class":51},[307,77408,77410],{"id":77409},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77412,77413],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[28,77415,77417],{"className":30,"code":77416,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77418,77419,77443,77457,77461,77471],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77420,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77422,207],{"class":43},[37,77424,48],{"class":47},[37,77426,519],{"class":51},[37,77428,214],{"class":122},[37,77430,65],{"class":51},[37,77432,219],{"class":122},[37,77434,65],{"class":51},[37,77436,224],{"class":122},[37,77438,65],{"class":51},[37,77440,229],{"class":122},[37,77442,3760],{"class":51},[37,77444,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77446,75746],{"class":43},[37,77448,48],{"class":47},[37,77450,4383],{"class":43},[37,77452,75622],{"class":51},[37,77454,508],{"class":122},[37,77456,3760],{"class":51},[37,77458,77459],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,77460,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,77462,77463,77465,77467,77469],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,77464,92],{"class":91},[37,77466,95],{"class":51},[37,77468,75769],{"class":102},[37,77470,85],{"class":51},[37,77472,77473,77475,77477,77479],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,77474,92],{"class":91},[37,77476,95],{"class":51},[37,77478,246],{"class":102},[37,77480,85],{"class":51},[20,77482,112],{},[28,77484,77486],{"className":30,"code":77485,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77487,77488,77500],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77489,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77491,1067],{"class":51},[37,77493,214],{"class":122},[37,77495,65],{"class":51},[37,77497,219],{"class":122},[37,77499,3760],{"class":51},[37,77501,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77503,1067],{"class":51},[37,77505,214],{"class":122},[37,77507,65],{"class":51},[37,77509,219],{"class":122},[37,77511,65],{"class":51},[37,77513,224],{"class":122},[37,77515,65],{"class":51},[37,77517,229],{"class":122},[37,77519,3760],{"class":51},[20,77521,77522],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[307,77524,77526,77527,8823,77529],{"id":77525},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77528,76148],{},[15,77530,73613],{},[28,77532,77534],{"className":30,"code":77533,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77535,77536,77556,77560,77577,77588],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77537,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77539,207],{"class":43},[37,77541,48],{"class":47},[37,77543,519],{"class":51},[37,77545,214],{"class":122},[37,77547,65],{"class":51},[37,77549,219],{"class":122},[37,77551,65],{"class":51},[37,77553,224],{"class":122},[37,77555,3760],{"class":51},[37,77557,77558],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77559,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,77561,77562,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,77563,77564],{"class":43},"reversed_copy ",[37,77566,48],{"class":47},[37,77568,4383],{"class":43},[37,77570,74209],{"class":51},[37,77572,2159],{"class":47},[37,77574,501],{"class":122},[37,77576,3760],{"class":51},[37,77578,77579,77581,77583,77586],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,77580,92],{"class":91},[37,77582,95],{"class":51},[37,77584,77585],{"class":102},"reversed_copy",[37,77587,85],{"class":51},[37,77589,77590,77592,77594,77596],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,77591,92],{"class":91},[37,77593,95],{"class":51},[37,77595,246],{"class":102},[37,77597,85],{"class":51},[20,77599,112],{},[28,77601,77603],{"className":30,"code":77602,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77604,77605,77621],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77608,1067],{"class":51},[37,77610,36943],{"class":122},[37,77612,65],{"class":51},[37,77614,219],{"class":122},[37,77616,65],{"class":51},[37,77618,6125],{"class":122},[37,77620,3760],{"class":51},[37,77622,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633,77635],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77624,1067],{"class":51},[37,77626,214],{"class":122},[37,77628,65],{"class":51},[37,77630,219],{"class":122},[37,77632,65],{"class":51},[37,77634,224],{"class":122},[37,77636,3760],{"class":51},[20,77638,77639,77642],{},[15,77640,77641],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77644,77645,77646,77649],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77647,77648],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[307,77651,77653],{"id":77652},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77655,77656],{},"This is not allowed:",[28,77658,77660],{"className":30,"code":77659,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77661,77662,77682],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77663,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77665,207],{"class":43},[37,77667,48],{"class":47},[37,77669,519],{"class":51},[37,77671,214],{"class":122},[37,77673,65],{"class":51},[37,77675,219],{"class":122},[37,77677,65],{"class":51},[37,77679,224],{"class":122},[37,77681,3760],{"class":51},[37,77683,77684],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77685,77686],{"class":3788},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77688,77689,77690,292],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77691,40805],{},[130,77693,77695],{"id":77694},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77697,77698],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[135,77700,77701,77708,77714,77717,77720],{},[138,77702,37306,77703,851,77705,77707],{},[15,77704,36182],{},[15,77706,75513],{}," positions",[138,77709,77710,77711,77713],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77712,75513],{}," index is included",[138,77715,77716],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[138,77718,77719],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[138,77721,77722],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77724,77725],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[28,77727,77729],{"className":30,"code":77728,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77730,77731,77741,77755,77773,77787,77804],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77732,77733,77735,77737,77739],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77734,92],{"class":91},[37,77736,95],{"class":51},[37,77738,8457],{"class":102},[37,77740,85],{"class":51},[37,77742,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77744,92],{"class":91},[37,77746,95],{"class":51},[37,77748,17],{"class":91},[37,77750,95],{"class":51},[37,77752,8457],{"class":102},[37,77754,106],{"class":51},[37,77756,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,77758,92],{"class":91},[37,77760,95],{"class":51},[37,77762,8457],{"class":102},[37,77764,1067],{"class":51},[37,77766,501],{"class":122},[37,77768,3013],{"class":51},[37,77770,522],{"class":122},[37,77772,530],{"class":51},[37,77774,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,77776,92],{"class":91},[37,77778,95],{"class":51},[37,77780,8457],{"class":102},[37,77782,75622],{"class":51},[37,77784,1129],{"class":122},[37,77786,530],{"class":51},[37,77788,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,77790,92],{"class":91},[37,77792,95],{"class":51},[37,77794,8457],{"class":102},[37,77796,1067],{"class":51},[37,77798,2159],{"class":47},[37,77800,1129],{"class":122},[37,77802,77803],{"class":51},":])\n",[37,77805,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,77807,92],{"class":91},[37,77809,95],{"class":51},[37,77811,8457],{"class":102},[37,77813,74209],{"class":51},[37,77815,2159],{"class":47},[37,77817,501],{"class":122},[37,77819,530],{"class":51},[20,77821,1872,77822,77824,77825,77829],{},[15,77823,25],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[285,77826,77828],{"href":77827},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[130,77831,1969],{"id":1968},[307,77833,77835],{"id":77834},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77837,77838],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[307,77840,77842],{"id":77841},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77844,77845],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[307,77847,5262,77849,40061],{"id":77848},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77850,76148],{},[20,77852,77853],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[307,77855,77857,77858,2623],{"id":77856},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77859,70818],{},[20,77861,77862],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[130,77864,2025],{"id":2024},[135,77866,77867,77872,77877,77881,77885,77889],{},[138,77868,77869],{},[285,77870,77871],{"href":51072},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[138,77873,77874],{},[285,77875,77876],{"href":57245},"How to create a list in Python",[138,77878,77879],{},[285,77880,15075],{"href":57311},[138,77882,77883],{},[285,77884,74894],{"href":74893},[138,77886,77887],{},[285,77888,77828],{"href":77827},[138,77890,77891],{},[285,77892,69349],{"href":69348},[20,77894,77895,77896,77898],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77897,25],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2052,77900,77901],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":77903},[77904,77905,77906,77907,77908,77909,77912,77916,77924,77925,77933],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":75677,"depth":88,"text":75678},{"id":75840,"depth":88,"text":75841},{"id":76102,"depth":88,"text":76103},{"id":76396,"depth":88,"text":76397},{"id":76642,"depth":88,"text":76643,"children":77910},[77911],{"id":76900,"depth":251,"text":76901},{"id":76954,"depth":88,"text":76955,"children":77913},[77914,77915],{"id":76961,"depth":251,"text":76962},{"id":77022,"depth":251,"text":77023},{"id":77229,"depth":88,"text":15285,"children":77917},[77918,77919,77920,77921,77923],{"id":77258,"depth":251,"text":77259},{"id":77347,"depth":251,"text":77348},{"id":77409,"depth":251,"text":77410},{"id":77525,"depth":251,"text":77922},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77652,"depth":251,"text":77653},{"id":77694,"depth":88,"text":77695},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":77926},[77927,77928,77929,77931],{"id":77834,"depth":251,"text":77835},{"id":77841,"depth":251,"text":77842},{"id":77848,"depth":251,"text":77930},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77856,"depth":251,"text":77932},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75500,"description":77934},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77941,"title":77942,"body":77943,"description":80012,"extension":2099,"meta":80013,"navigation":254,"path":80014,"seo":80015,"stem":80016,"__hash__":80017},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77944,"toc":79978},[77945,77950,77956,77962,77964,78011,78018,78023,78027,78042,78045,78098,78100,78125,78130,78132,78164,78167,78183,78185,78246,78248,78273,78277,78282,78335,78337,78362,78367,78428,78430,78455,78458,78465,78469,78472,78533,78535,78568,78571,78632,78634,78667,78673,78746,78748,78780,78787,78792,78797,78799,78811,78814,78892,78894,78935,78938,79012,79014,79047,79052,79059,79066,79070,79079,79083,79091,79093,79160,79162,79198,79203,79214,79216,79221,79226,79228,79291,79293,79318,79325,79330,79334,79337,79377,79382,79388,79393,79395,79422,79427,79430,79477,79479,79536,79543,79548,79554,79623,79627,79630,79693,79695,79728,79733,79735,79738,79819,79821,79845,79851,79853,79858,79862,79869,79877,79881,79883,79906,79910,79912,79939,79942,79949,79952,79954,79975],[10,77946,54433,77948,11437],{"id":77947},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77949,64402],{},[20,77951,77952,77955],{},[15,77953,77954],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77957,77958,77959,77961],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77960,64402],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[130,77963,2140],{"id":2139},[28,77965,77967],{"className":30,"code":77966,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77968,77969,77989,77999],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,77970,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,77972,207],{"class":43},[37,77974,48],{"class":47},[37,77976,519],{"class":51},[37,77978,1129],{"class":122},[37,77980,65],{"class":51},[37,77982,5619],{"class":122},[37,77984,65],{"class":51},[37,77986,890],{"class":122},[37,77988,3760],{"class":51},[37,77990,77991,77993,77995,77997],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,77992,246],{"class":43},[37,77994,292],{"class":51},[37,77996,34907],{"class":102},[37,77998,8761],{"class":51},[37,78000,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78002,92],{"class":91},[37,78004,95],{"class":51},[37,78006,246],{"class":102},[37,78008,18],{"class":51},[37,78010,55023],{"class":3788},[20,78012,22,78013,78015,78016,292],{},[15,78014,77954],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78017,3904],{},[130,78019,296,78021,3805],{"id":78020},"what-listsort-does",[15,78022,77954],{},[20,78024,78025,3013],{},[15,78026,77954],{},[135,78028,78029,78032,78035,78039],{},[138,78030,78031],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[138,78033,78034],{},"Changes the original list",[138,78036,11539,78037],{},[15,78038,3904],{},[138,78040,78041],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78043,78044],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[28,78046,78048],{"className":30,"code":78047,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78049,78050,78074,78084,78088],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78051,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78053,207],{"class":43},[37,78055,48],{"class":47},[37,78057,519],{"class":51},[37,78059,446],{"class":122},[37,78061,65],{"class":51},[37,78063,890],{"class":122},[37,78065,65],{"class":51},[37,78067,54227],{"class":122},[37,78069,65],{"class":51},[37,78071,5619],{"class":122},[37,78073,3760],{"class":51},[37,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78077,246],{"class":43},[37,78079,292],{"class":51},[37,78081,34907],{"class":102},[37,78083,8761],{"class":51},[37,78085,78086],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78087,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78089,78090,78092,78094,78096],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78091,92],{"class":91},[37,78093,95],{"class":51},[37,78095,246],{"class":102},[37,78097,85],{"class":51},[20,78099,112],{},[28,78101,78103],{"className":30,"code":78102,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78104,78105],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78106,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78108,1067],{"class":51},[37,78110,501],{"class":122},[37,78112,65],{"class":51},[37,78114,890],{"class":122},[37,78116,65],{"class":51},[37,78118,527],{"class":122},[37,78120,65],{"class":51},[37,78122,54227],{"class":122},[37,78124,3760],{"class":51},[20,78126,78127,78128,292],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[285,78129,67168],{"href":51072},[130,78131,159],{"id":158},[28,78133,78135],{"className":30,"code":78134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78136,78137],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78138,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78158,78160,78162],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78140,8457],{"class":43},[37,78142,292],{"class":51},[37,78144,34907],{"class":102},[37,78146,95],{"class":51},[37,78148,14951],{"class":9294},[37,78150,48],{"class":47},[37,78152,3904],{"class":3977},[37,78154,65],{"class":51},[37,78156,78157],{"class":9294}," reverse",[37,78159,48],{"class":47},[37,78161,3799],{"class":3977},[37,78163,85],{"class":51},[20,78165,78166],{},"Main arguments:",[135,78168,78169,78174,78180],{},[138,78170,78171,78173],{},[15,78172,14951],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[138,78175,78176,78179],{},[15,78177,78178],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[138,78181,78182],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78184,197],{},[28,78186,78188],{"className":30,"code":78187,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78189,78190,78214,78232,78236],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78191,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78193,207],{"class":43},[37,78195,48],{"class":47},[37,78197,519],{"class":51},[37,78199,522],{"class":122},[37,78201,65],{"class":51},[37,78203,5619],{"class":122},[37,78205,65],{"class":51},[37,78207,1564],{"class":122},[37,78209,65],{"class":51},[37,78211,890],{"class":122},[37,78213,3760],{"class":51},[37,78215,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78217,246],{"class":43},[37,78219,292],{"class":51},[37,78221,34907],{"class":102},[37,78223,95],{"class":51},[37,78225,73664],{"class":9294},[37,78227,48],{"class":47},[37,78229,3729],{"class":3977},[37,78231,85],{"class":51},[37,78233,78234],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78235,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78237,78238,78240,78242,78244],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78239,92],{"class":91},[37,78241,95],{"class":51},[37,78243,246],{"class":102},[37,78245,85],{"class":51},[20,78247,112],{},[28,78249,78251],{"className":30,"code":78250,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78252,78253],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78254,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78256,1067],{"class":51},[37,78258,2162],{"class":122},[37,78260,65],{"class":51},[37,78262,1134],{"class":122},[37,78264,65],{"class":51},[37,78266,890],{"class":122},[37,78268,65],{"class":51},[37,78270,5619],{"class":122},[37,78272,3760],{"class":51},[130,78274,78276],{"id":78275},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78278,22,78279,78281],{},[15,78280,64402],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[28,78283,78285],{"className":30,"code":78284,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78286,78287,78311,78321,78325],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78288,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78290,207],{"class":43},[37,78292,48],{"class":47},[37,78294,519],{"class":51},[37,78296,214],{"class":122},[37,78298,65],{"class":51},[37,78300,513],{"class":122},[37,78302,65],{"class":51},[37,78304,6481],{"class":122},[37,78306,65],{"class":51},[37,78308,5619],{"class":122},[37,78310,3760],{"class":51},[37,78312,78313,78315,78317,78319],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78314,246],{"class":43},[37,78316,292],{"class":51},[37,78318,34907],{"class":102},[37,78320,8761],{"class":51},[37,78322,78323],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78324,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78326,78327,78329,78331,78333],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78328,92],{"class":91},[37,78330,95],{"class":51},[37,78332,246],{"class":102},[37,78334,85],{"class":51},[20,78336,112],{},[28,78338,78340],{"className":30,"code":78339,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78341,78342],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78343,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78345,1067],{"class":51},[37,78347,501],{"class":122},[37,78349,65],{"class":51},[37,78351,513],{"class":122},[37,78353,65],{"class":51},[37,78355,6481],{"class":122},[37,78357,65],{"class":51},[37,78359,6125],{"class":122},[37,78361,3760],{"class":51},[20,78363,22,78364,78366],{},[15,78365,78178],{}," for descending order:",[28,78368,78370],{"className":30,"code":78369,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78371,78372,78396,78414,78418],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78373,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78375,207],{"class":43},[37,78377,48],{"class":47},[37,78379,519],{"class":51},[37,78381,214],{"class":122},[37,78383,65],{"class":51},[37,78385,513],{"class":122},[37,78387,65],{"class":51},[37,78389,6481],{"class":122},[37,78391,65],{"class":51},[37,78393,5619],{"class":122},[37,78395,3760],{"class":51},[37,78397,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78399,246],{"class":43},[37,78401,292],{"class":51},[37,78403,34907],{"class":102},[37,78405,95],{"class":51},[37,78407,73664],{"class":9294},[37,78409,48],{"class":47},[37,78411,3729],{"class":3977},[37,78413,85],{"class":51},[37,78415,78416],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78417,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78419,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78421,92],{"class":91},[37,78423,95],{"class":51},[37,78425,246],{"class":102},[37,78427,85],{"class":51},[20,78429,112],{},[28,78431,78433],{"className":30,"code":78432,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78434,78435],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78436,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78438,1067],{"class":51},[37,78440,214],{"class":122},[37,78442,65],{"class":51},[37,78444,6481],{"class":122},[37,78446,65],{"class":51},[37,78448,513],{"class":122},[37,78450,65],{"class":51},[37,78452,5619],{"class":122},[37,78454,3760],{"class":51},[20,78456,78457],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78459,78460,78461,292],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[285,78462,78464],{"href":78463},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[130,78466,78468],{"id":78467},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78470,78471],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[28,78473,78475],{"className":30,"code":78474,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78476,78477,78509,78519,78523],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78478,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78480,965],{"class":43},[37,78482,48],{"class":47},[37,78484,519],{"class":51},[37,78486,56],{"class":55},[37,78488,338],{"class":59},[37,78490,56],{"class":55},[37,78492,65],{"class":51},[37,78494,68],{"class":55},[37,78496,329],{"class":59},[37,78498,56],{"class":55},[37,78500,65],{"class":51},[37,78502,68],{"class":55},[37,78504,4218],{"class":59},[37,78506,56],{"class":55},[37,78508,3760],{"class":51},[37,78510,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78512,999],{"class":43},[37,78514,292],{"class":51},[37,78516,34907],{"class":102},[37,78518,8761],{"class":51},[37,78520,78521],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78522,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78524,78525,78527,78529,78531],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78526,92],{"class":91},[37,78528,95],{"class":51},[37,78530,999],{"class":102},[37,78532,85],{"class":51},[20,78534,112],{},[28,78536,78538],{"className":30,"code":78537,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78539,78540],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78543,1067],{"class":51},[37,78545,821],{"class":55},[37,78547,329],{"class":59},[37,78549,821],{"class":55},[37,78551,65],{"class":51},[37,78553,815],{"class":55},[37,78555,338],{"class":59},[37,78557,821],{"class":55},[37,78559,65],{"class":51},[37,78561,815],{"class":55},[37,78563,4218],{"class":59},[37,78565,821],{"class":55},[37,78567,3760],{"class":51},[20,78569,78570],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[28,78572,78574],{"className":30,"code":78573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78575,78576,78608,78618,78622],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78577,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78579,965],{"class":43},[37,78581,48],{"class":47},[37,78583,519],{"class":51},[37,78585,56],{"class":55},[37,78587,338],{"class":59},[37,78589,56],{"class":55},[37,78591,65],{"class":51},[37,78593,68],{"class":55},[37,78595,57860],{"class":59},[37,78597,56],{"class":55},[37,78599,65],{"class":51},[37,78601,68],{"class":55},[37,78603,4218],{"class":59},[37,78605,56],{"class":55},[37,78607,3760],{"class":51},[37,78609,78610,78612,78614,78616],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78611,999],{"class":43},[37,78613,292],{"class":51},[37,78615,34907],{"class":102},[37,78617,8761],{"class":51},[37,78619,78620],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78621,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78623,78624,78626,78628,78630],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78625,92],{"class":91},[37,78627,95],{"class":51},[37,78629,999],{"class":102},[37,78631,85],{"class":51},[20,78633,112],{},[28,78635,78637],{"className":30,"code":78636,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78638,78639],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78640,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78642,1067],{"class":51},[37,78644,821],{"class":55},[37,78646,57860],{"class":59},[37,78648,821],{"class":55},[37,78650,65],{"class":51},[37,78652,815],{"class":55},[37,78654,338],{"class":59},[37,78656,821],{"class":55},[37,78658,65],{"class":51},[37,78660,815],{"class":55},[37,78662,4218],{"class":59},[37,78664,821],{"class":55},[37,78666,3760],{"class":51},[20,78668,78669,78670,3013],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78671,78672],{},"key=str.lower",[28,78674,78676],{"className":30,"code":78675,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78677,78678,78710,78732,78736],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78681,965],{"class":43},[37,78683,48],{"class":47},[37,78685,519],{"class":51},[37,78687,56],{"class":55},[37,78689,338],{"class":59},[37,78691,56],{"class":55},[37,78693,65],{"class":51},[37,78695,68],{"class":55},[37,78697,57860],{"class":59},[37,78699,56],{"class":55},[37,78701,65],{"class":51},[37,78703,68],{"class":55},[37,78705,4218],{"class":59},[37,78707,56],{"class":55},[37,78709,3760],{"class":51},[37,78711,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78713,999],{"class":43},[37,78715,292],{"class":51},[37,78717,34907],{"class":102},[37,78719,95],{"class":51},[37,78721,14951],{"class":9294},[37,78723,48],{"class":47},[37,78725,3569],{"class":756},[37,78727,292],{"class":51},[37,78729,8758],{"class":24857},[37,78731,85],{"class":51},[37,78733,78734],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78735,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78737,78738,78740,78742,78744],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78739,92],{"class":91},[37,78741,95],{"class":51},[37,78743,999],{"class":102},[37,78745,85],{"class":51},[20,78747,112],{},[28,78749,78750],{"className":30,"code":78636,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,78751,78752],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78753,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78755,1067],{"class":51},[37,78757,821],{"class":55},[37,78759,57860],{"class":59},[37,78761,821],{"class":55},[37,78763,65],{"class":51},[37,78765,815],{"class":55},[37,78767,338],{"class":59},[37,78769,821],{"class":55},[37,78771,65],{"class":51},[37,78773,815],{"class":55},[37,78775,4218],{"class":59},[37,78777,821],{"class":55},[37,78779,3760],{"class":51},[20,78781,78782,78783,78786],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78784,78785],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[130,78788,36714,78790,36717],{"id":78789},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78791,14951],{},[20,78793,1531,78794,78796],{},[15,78795,14951],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78798,7464],{},[135,78800,78801,78806],{},[138,78802,78803,78805],{},[15,78804,17],{}," to sort by length",[138,78807,78808,78810],{},[15,78809,78785],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78812,78813],{},"Sort words by length:",[28,78815,78817],{"className":30,"code":78816,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78818,78819,78860,78878,78882],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78820,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78822,965],{"class":43},[37,78824,48],{"class":47},[37,78826,519],{"class":51},[37,78828,56],{"class":55},[37,78830,78831],{"class":59},"pear",[37,78833,56],{"class":55},[37,78835,65],{"class":51},[37,78837,68],{"class":55},[37,78839,338],{"class":59},[37,78841,56],{"class":55},[37,78843,65],{"class":51},[37,78845,68],{"class":55},[37,78847,38460],{"class":59},[37,78849,56],{"class":55},[37,78851,65],{"class":51},[37,78853,68],{"class":55},[37,78855,329],{"class":59},[37,78857,56],{"class":55},[37,78859,3760],{"class":51},[37,78861,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874,78876],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78863,999],{"class":43},[37,78865,292],{"class":51},[37,78867,34907],{"class":102},[37,78869,95],{"class":51},[37,78871,14951],{"class":9294},[37,78873,48],{"class":47},[37,78875,17],{"class":91},[37,78877,85],{"class":51},[37,78879,78880],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,78881,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,78883,78884,78886,78888,78890],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,78885,92],{"class":91},[37,78887,95],{"class":51},[37,78889,999],{"class":102},[37,78891,85],{"class":51},[20,78893,112],{},[28,78895,78897],{"className":30,"code":78896,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78898,78899],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78902,1067],{"class":51},[37,78904,821],{"class":55},[37,78906,38460],{"class":59},[37,78908,821],{"class":55},[37,78910,65],{"class":51},[37,78912,815],{"class":55},[37,78914,78831],{"class":59},[37,78916,821],{"class":55},[37,78918,65],{"class":51},[37,78920,815],{"class":55},[37,78922,329],{"class":59},[37,78924,821],{"class":55},[37,78926,65],{"class":51},[37,78928,815],{"class":55},[37,78930,338],{"class":59},[37,78932,821],{"class":55},[37,78934,3760],{"class":51},[20,78936,78937],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[28,78939,78941],{"className":30,"code":78940,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78942,78943,78976,78998,79002],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78972,78974],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,78946,965],{"class":43},[37,78948,48],{"class":47},[37,78950,519],{"class":51},[37,78952,56],{"class":55},[37,78954,5132],{"class":59},[37,78956,56],{"class":55},[37,78958,65],{"class":51},[37,78960,68],{"class":55},[37,78962,17911],{"class":59},[37,78964,56],{"class":55},[37,78966,65],{"class":51},[37,78968,68],{"class":55},[37,78970,78971],{"class":59},"Carol",[37,78973,56],{"class":55},[37,78975,3760],{"class":51},[37,78977,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,78979,999],{"class":43},[37,78981,292],{"class":51},[37,78983,34907],{"class":102},[37,78985,95],{"class":51},[37,78987,14951],{"class":9294},[37,78989,48],{"class":47},[37,78991,3569],{"class":756},[37,78993,292],{"class":51},[37,78995,8758],{"class":24857},[37,78997,85],{"class":51},[37,78999,79000],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79001,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79003,79004,79006,79008,79010],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79005,92],{"class":91},[37,79007,95],{"class":51},[37,79009,999],{"class":102},[37,79011,85],{"class":51},[20,79013,112],{},[28,79015,79017],{"className":30,"code":79016,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79018,79019],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79020,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79022,1067],{"class":51},[37,79024,821],{"class":55},[37,79026,17911],{"class":59},[37,79028,821],{"class":55},[37,79030,65],{"class":51},[37,79032,815],{"class":55},[37,79034,5132],{"class":59},[37,79036,821],{"class":55},[37,79038,65],{"class":51},[37,79040,815],{"class":55},[37,79042,78971],{"class":59},[37,79044,821],{"class":55},[37,79046,3760],{"class":51},[20,79048,1531,79049,79051],{},[15,79050,14951],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[130,79053,79055,10700,79057],{"id":79054},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79056,77954],{},[15,79058,74511],{},[20,79060,79061,851,79063,79065],{},[15,79062,77954],{},[15,79064,74511],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79067,79068,3013],{},[15,79069,77954],{},[135,79071,79072,79075],{},[138,79073,79074],{},"Changes the existing list",[138,79076,11539,79077],{},[15,79078,3904],{},[20,79080,79081,3013],{},[15,79082,74511],{},[135,79084,79085,79088],{},[138,79086,79087],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[138,79089,79090],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79092,197],{},[28,79094,79096],{"className":30,"code":79095,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79097,79098,79118,79122,79136,79140,79150],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79101,207],{"class":43},[37,79103,48],{"class":47},[37,79105,519],{"class":51},[37,79107,1129],{"class":122},[37,79109,65],{"class":51},[37,79111,5619],{"class":122},[37,79113,65],{"class":51},[37,79115,890],{"class":122},[37,79117,3760],{"class":51},[37,79119,79120],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79121,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79123,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79125,55981],{"class":43},[37,79127,48],{"class":47},[37,79129,74645],{"class":91},[37,79131,95],{"class":51},[37,79133,246],{"class":102},[37,79135,85],{"class":51},[37,79137,79138],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79139,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79141,79142,79144,79146,79148],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,79143,92],{"class":91},[37,79145,95],{"class":51},[37,79147,246],{"class":102},[37,79149,85],{"class":51},[37,79151,79152,79154,79156,79158],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,79153,92],{"class":91},[37,79155,95],{"class":51},[37,79157,74368],{"class":102},[37,79159,85],{"class":51},[20,79161,112],{},[28,79163,79164],{"className":30,"code":74680,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,79165,79166,79182],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79169,1067],{"class":51},[37,79171,1129],{"class":122},[37,79173,65],{"class":51},[37,79175,5619],{"class":122},[37,79177,65],{"class":51},[37,79179,890],{"class":122},[37,79181,3760],{"class":51},[37,79183,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79185,1067],{"class":51},[37,79187,501],{"class":122},[37,79189,65],{"class":51},[37,79191,890],{"class":122},[37,79193,65],{"class":51},[37,79195,513],{"class":122},[37,79197,3760],{"class":51},[20,79199,22,79200,79202],{},[15,79201,74511],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79204,79205,79206,851,79210,292],{},"You can learn more in ",[285,79207,288,79208,5905],{"href":74608},[15,79209,74511],{},[285,79211,79213],{"href":79212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[130,79215,1854],{"id":1853},[20,79217,79218,79219,292],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79220,77954],{},[307,79222,12707,79224],{"id":79223},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79225,64402],{},[20,79227,1184],{},[28,79229,79231],{"className":30,"code":79230,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79232,79233,79253,79267,79271,79281],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79234,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79236,207],{"class":43},[37,79238,48],{"class":47},[37,79240,519],{"class":51},[37,79242,1129],{"class":122},[37,79244,65],{"class":51},[37,79246,5619],{"class":122},[37,79248,65],{"class":51},[37,79250,890],{"class":122},[37,79252,3760],{"class":51},[37,79254,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79256,2362],{"class":43},[37,79258,48],{"class":47},[37,79260,4383],{"class":43},[37,79262,292],{"class":51},[37,79264,34907],{"class":102},[37,79266,8761],{"class":51},[37,79268,79269],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79270,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79272,79273,79275,79277,79279],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79274,92],{"class":91},[37,79276,95],{"class":51},[37,79278,2397],{"class":102},[37,79280,85],{"class":51},[37,79282,79283,79285,79287,79289],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,79284,92],{"class":91},[37,79286,95],{"class":51},[37,79288,246],{"class":102},[37,79290,85],{"class":51},[20,79292,112],{},[28,79294,79296],{"className":30,"code":79295,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79297,79298,79302],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79299,79300],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79301,11920],{"class":3977},[37,79303,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79305,1067],{"class":51},[37,79307,501],{"class":122},[37,79309,65],{"class":51},[37,79311,890],{"class":122},[37,79313,65],{"class":51},[37,79315,513],{"class":122},[37,79317,3760],{"class":51},[20,79319,79320,79322,79323,292],{},[15,79321,64402],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79324,3904],{},[20,79326,79327,79328,6752],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79329,74511],{},[307,79331,79333],{"id":79332},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79335,79336],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[28,79338,79340],{"className":30,"code":79339,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79341,79342,79367],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79343,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79359,79361,79363,79365],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79345,670],{"class":43},[37,79347,48],{"class":47},[37,79349,519],{"class":51},[37,79351,501],{"class":122},[37,79353,65],{"class":51},[37,79355,68],{"class":55},[37,79357,79358],{"class":59},"two",[37,79360,56],{"class":55},[37,79362,65],{"class":51},[37,79364,513],{"class":122},[37,79366,3760],{"class":51},[37,79368,79369,79371,79373,79375],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79370,687],{"class":43},[37,79372,292],{"class":51},[37,79374,34907],{"class":102},[37,79376,8761],{"class":51},[20,79378,3130,79379,79381],{},[15,79380,3133],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[307,79383,4823,79385,79387],{"id":79384},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79386,64402],{}," only works on lists",[20,79389,79390,79392],{},[15,79391,64402],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79394,16753],{},[28,79396,79398],{"className":30,"code":79397,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79399,79400,79412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79401,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79403,34795],{"class":43},[37,79405,48],{"class":47},[37,79407,68],{"class":55},[37,79409,32],{"class":59},[37,79411,3484],{"class":55},[37,79413,79414,79416,79418,79420],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79415,34816],{"class":43},[37,79417,292],{"class":51},[37,79419,34907],{"class":102},[37,79421,8761],{"class":51},[20,79423,79424,79425,33707],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79426,64402],{},[20,79428,79429],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[28,79431,79433],{"className":30,"code":79432,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79434,79435,79453,79463,79467],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79436,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79438,1729],{"class":43},[37,79440,48],{"class":47},[37,79442,22666],{"class":756},[37,79444,95],{"class":51},[37,79446,56],{"class":55},[37,79448,32],{"class":59},[37,79450,56],{"class":55},[37,79452,85],{"class":51},[37,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79456,1785],{"class":43},[37,79458,292],{"class":51},[37,79460,34907],{"class":102},[37,79462,8761],{"class":51},[37,79464,79465],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79466,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79468,79469,79471,79473,79475],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79470,92],{"class":91},[37,79472,95],{"class":51},[37,79474,1785],{"class":102},[37,79476,85],{"class":51},[20,79478,112],{},[28,79480,79482],{"className":30,"code":79481,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79483,79484],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79485,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79487,1067],{"class":51},[37,79489,821],{"class":55},[37,79491,60529],{"class":59},[37,79493,821],{"class":55},[37,79495,65],{"class":51},[37,79497,815],{"class":55},[37,79499,76117],{"class":59},[37,79501,821],{"class":55},[37,79503,65],{"class":51},[37,79505,815],{"class":55},[37,79507,60564],{"class":59},[37,79509,821],{"class":55},[37,79511,65],{"class":51},[37,79513,815],{"class":55},[37,79515,20],{"class":59},[37,79517,821],{"class":55},[37,79519,65],{"class":51},[37,79521,815],{"class":55},[37,79523,63378],{"class":59},[37,79525,821],{"class":55},[37,79527,65],{"class":51},[37,79529,815],{"class":55},[37,79531,909],{"class":59},[37,79533,821],{"class":55},[37,79535,3760],{"class":51},[307,79537,79539,79540,79542],{"id":79538},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79541,14951],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79544,79545,79546,292],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79547,14951],{},[20,79549,79550,79551,79553],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79552,64402],{}," will not do that:",[28,79555,79557],{"className":30,"code":79556,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79558,79559,79591,79609,79613],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79560,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79562,965],{"class":43},[37,79564,48],{"class":47},[37,79566,519],{"class":51},[37,79568,56],{"class":55},[37,79570,338],{"class":59},[37,79572,56],{"class":55},[37,79574,65],{"class":51},[37,79576,68],{"class":55},[37,79578,38460],{"class":59},[37,79580,56],{"class":55},[37,79582,65],{"class":51},[37,79584,68],{"class":55},[37,79586,329],{"class":59},[37,79588,56],{"class":55},[37,79590,3760],{"class":51},[37,79592,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79594,999],{"class":43},[37,79596,292],{"class":51},[37,79598,34907],{"class":102},[37,79600,95],{"class":51},[37,79602,14951],{"class":9294},[37,79604,48],{"class":47},[37,79606,17],{"class":91},[37,79608,85],{"class":51},[37,79610,79611],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79612,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79614,79615,79617,79619,79621],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79616,92],{"class":91},[37,79618,95],{"class":51},[37,79620,999],{"class":102},[37,79622,85],{"class":51},[307,79624,79626],{"id":79625},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79628,79629],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[28,79631,79633],{"className":30,"code":79632,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79634,79635,79669,79679,79683],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79636,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662,79665,79667],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79638,965],{"class":43},[37,79640,48],{"class":47},[37,79642,519],{"class":51},[37,79644,56],{"class":55},[37,79646,79647],{"class":59},"zebra",[37,79649,56],{"class":55},[37,79651,65],{"class":51},[37,79653,68],{"class":55},[37,79655,57860],{"class":59},[37,79657,56],{"class":55},[37,79659,65],{"class":51},[37,79661,68],{"class":55},[37,79663,79664],{"class":59},"monkey",[37,79666,56],{"class":55},[37,79668,3760],{"class":51},[37,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79672,999],{"class":43},[37,79674,292],{"class":51},[37,79676,34907],{"class":102},[37,79678,8761],{"class":51},[37,79680,79681],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79682,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,79684,79685,79687,79689,79691],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79686,92],{"class":91},[37,79688,95],{"class":51},[37,79690,999],{"class":102},[37,79692,85],{"class":51},[20,79694,112],{},[28,79696,79698],{"className":30,"code":79697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79699,79700],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79701,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79703,1067],{"class":51},[37,79705,821],{"class":55},[37,79707,57860],{"class":59},[37,79709,821],{"class":55},[37,79711,65],{"class":51},[37,79713,815],{"class":55},[37,79715,79664],{"class":59},[37,79717,821],{"class":55},[37,79719,65],{"class":51},[37,79721,815],{"class":55},[37,79723,79647],{"class":59},[37,79725,821],{"class":55},[37,79727,3760],{"class":51},[20,79729,22,79730,79732],{},[15,79731,78672],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[307,79734,60801],{"id":60800},[20,79736,79737],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[28,79739,79741],{"className":30,"code":79740,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79742,79743,79753,79767,79781,79795],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79744,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79746,92],{"class":91},[37,79748,95],{"class":51},[37,79750,8457],{"class":102},[37,79752,85],{"class":51},[37,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,79756,92],{"class":91},[37,79758,95],{"class":51},[37,79760,757],{"class":756},[37,79762,95],{"class":51},[37,79764,8457],{"class":102},[37,79766,106],{"class":51},[37,79768,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,79770,92],{"class":91},[37,79772,95],{"class":51},[37,79774,8457],{"class":102},[37,79776,292],{"class":51},[37,79778,34907],{"class":102},[37,79780,7315],{"class":51},[37,79782,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,79784,92],{"class":91},[37,79786,95],{"class":51},[37,79788,74601],{"class":91},[37,79790,95],{"class":51},[37,79792,8457],{"class":102},[37,79794,106],{"class":51},[37,79796,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,79798,92],{"class":91},[37,79800,3115],{"class":51},[37,79802,757],{"class":756},[37,79804,95],{"class":51},[37,79806,23417],{"class":102},[37,79808,18],{"class":51},[37,79810,4002],{"class":1483},[37,79812,6082],{"class":102},[37,79814,1773],{"class":1483},[37,79816,8514],{"class":102},[37,79818,530],{"class":51},[20,79820,11285],{},[135,79822,79823,79826,79829,79836,79842],{},[138,79824,79825],{},"What values are in the list",[138,79827,79828],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[138,79830,79831,79832,2530,79834],{},"That ",[15,79833,64402],{},[15,79835,3904],{},[138,79837,79838,79839,79841],{},"Whether ",[15,79840,74511],{}," works better for your case",[138,79843,79844],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79846,79847,79848,79850],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79849,3133],{}," problems.",[130,79852,1969],{"id":1968},[307,79854,1983,79856,55560],{"id":79855},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79857,77954],{},[20,79859,62694,79860,292],{},[15,79861,3904],{},[307,79863,5300,79865,851,79867,2623],{"id":79864},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79866,64402],{},[15,79868,74511],{},[20,79870,79871,79873,79874,79876],{},[15,79872,64402],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79875,74511],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[307,79878,79880],{"id":79879},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79882,18802],{},[28,79884,79886],{"className":30,"code":79885,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79887,79888],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79889,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79891,8457],{"class":43},[37,79893,292],{"class":51},[37,79895,34907],{"class":102},[37,79897,95],{"class":51},[37,79899,73664],{"class":9294},[37,79901,48],{"class":47},[37,79903,3729],{"class":3977},[37,79905,85],{"class":51},[307,79907,79909],{"id":79908},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79911,18802],{},[28,79913,79915],{"className":30,"code":79914,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79916,79917],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,79918,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,79920,8457],{"class":43},[37,79922,292],{"class":51},[37,79924,34907],{"class":102},[37,79926,95],{"class":51},[37,79928,14951],{"class":9294},[37,79930,48],{"class":47},[37,79932,3569],{"class":756},[37,79934,292],{"class":51},[37,79936,8758],{"class":24857},[37,79938,85],{"class":51},[20,79940,79941],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[307,79943,79945,79946,79948],{"id":79944},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79947,3133],{}," when sorting?",[20,79950,79951],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[130,79953,2025],{"id":2024},[135,79955,79956,79961,79967,79971],{},[138,79957,79958],{},[285,79959,79960],{"href":78463},"How to sort a list in Python",[138,79962,79963],{},[285,79964,288,79965,5905],{"href":74608},[15,79966,74511],{},[138,79968,79969],{},[285,79970,67168],{"href":51072},[138,79972,79973],{},[285,79974,79213],{"href":79212},[2052,79976,79977],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":79979},[79980,79981,79983,79984,79985,79986,79988,79990,80001,80011],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":78020,"depth":88,"text":79982},"What list.sort() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":78275,"depth":88,"text":78276},{"id":78467,"depth":88,"text":78468},{"id":78789,"depth":88,"text":79987},"Using the key argument",{"id":79054,"depth":88,"text":79989},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":79991},[79992,79994,79995,79997,79999,80000],{"id":79223,"depth":251,"text":79993},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79332,"depth":251,"text":79333},{"id":79384,"depth":251,"text":79996},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79538,"depth":251,"text":79998},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79625,"depth":251,"text":79626},{"id":60800,"depth":251,"text":60801},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":80002},[80003,80005,80007,80008,80009],{"id":79855,"depth":251,"text":80004},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79864,"depth":251,"text":80006},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79879,"depth":251,"text":79880},{"id":79908,"depth":251,"text":79909},{"id":79944,"depth":251,"text":80010},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77942,"description":80012},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80019,"title":80020,"body":80021,"description":82652,"extension":2099,"meta":82653,"navigation":254,"path":82654,"seo":82655,"stem":82656,"__hash__":82657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80022,"toc":82611},[80023,80028,80033,80036,80047,80050,80070,80072,80134,80136,80177,80186,80191,80196,80202,80213,80215,80234,80237,80242,80247,80249,80254,80268,80270,80288,80291,80308,80311,80317,80340,80345,80347,80350,80411,80413,80446,80448,80487,80495,80505,80511,80516,80609,80611,80635,80637,80655,80658,80689,80695,80700,80703,80705,80830,80832,80856,80858,80877,80883,80889,81008,81010,81027,81034,81040,81045,81052,81058,81060,81117,81120,81141,81144,81147,81208,81210,81243,81247,81317,81319,81336,81340,81343,81418,81420,81457,81460,81463,81534,81536,81597,81602,81607,81610,81624,81626,81699,81701,81721,81724,81727,81784,81846,81849,81881,81884,81899,81904,81906,81912,81915,81971,81974,81976,81995,81999,82001,82045,82054,82056,82116,82120,82123,82125,82218,82220,82335,82339,82341,82415,82418,82421,82423,82428,82493,82495,82519,82529,82531,82537,82546,82555,82564,82570,82573,82577,82580,82582,82608],[10,80024,288,80026,3704],{"id":80025},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80027,39817],{},[20,80029,3707,80030,80032],{},[15,80031,39817],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80034,80035],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[135,80037,80038,80041,80044],{},[138,80039,80040],{},"converting numbers to strings",[138,80042,80043],{},"changing strings to integers",[138,80045,80046],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80048,80049],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[135,80051,80052,80059,80065],{},[138,80053,80054,14163,80056,80058],{},[15,80055,39817],{},[110,80057,711],{}," return a list in Python 3",[138,80060,80061,80062],{},"it returns a ",[110,80063,80064],{},"map object",[138,80066,80067,80068],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80069,24888],{},[130,80071,2140],{"id":2139},[28,80073,80075],{"className":30,"code":80074,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80076,80077,80101,80120],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80080,207],{"class":43},[37,80082,48],{"class":47},[37,80084,519],{"class":51},[37,80086,501],{"class":122},[37,80088,65],{"class":51},[37,80090,890],{"class":122},[37,80092,65],{"class":51},[37,80094,513],{"class":122},[37,80096,65],{"class":51},[37,80098,1134],{"class":122},[37,80100,3760],{"class":51},[37,80102,80103,80105,80107,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,80104,2362],{"class":43},[37,80106,48],{"class":47},[37,80108,80109],{"class":91}," map",[37,80111,95],{"class":51},[37,80113,3569],{"class":756},[37,80115,65],{"class":51},[37,80117,4383],{"class":102},[37,80119,85],{"class":51},[37,80121,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,80123,92],{"class":91},[37,80125,95],{"class":51},[37,80127,8213],{"class":756},[37,80129,95],{"class":51},[37,80131,2397],{"class":102},[37,80133,106],{"class":51},[20,80135,112],{},[28,80137,80139],{"className":30,"code":80138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80140,80141],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80142,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80144,1067],{"class":51},[37,80146,821],{"class":55},[37,80148,501],{"class":59},[37,80150,821],{"class":55},[37,80152,65],{"class":51},[37,80154,815],{"class":55},[37,80156,508],{"class":59},[37,80158,821],{"class":55},[37,80160,65],{"class":51},[37,80162,815],{"class":55},[37,80164,1129],{"class":59},[37,80166,821],{"class":55},[37,80168,65],{"class":51},[37,80170,815],{"class":55},[37,80172,522],{"class":59},[37,80174,821],{"class":55},[37,80176,3760],{"class":51},[20,80178,22,80179,80182,80183,80185],{},[15,80180,80181],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80184,24888],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[130,80187,296,80189,3805],{"id":80188},"what-map-does",[15,80190,39817],{},[20,80192,80193,80195],{},[15,80194,39817],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80197,80198,80199,80201],{},"An ",[110,80200,3846],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[135,80203,80204,80206,80208,80210],{},[138,80205,38003],{},[138,80207,38006],{},[138,80209,38009],{},[138,80211,80212],{},"a range object",[20,80214,30833],{},[28,80216,80218],{"className":30,"code":80217,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80219,80220],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80221,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80223,39960],{"class":91},[37,80225,95],{"class":51},[37,80227,37962],{"class":102},[37,80229,65],{"class":51},[37,80231,37967],{"class":102},[37,80233,85],{"class":51},[20,80235,80236],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80238,80239,80240,33848],{},"Important: the result is a ",[110,80241,80064],{},[20,80243,80244,80245,292],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[285,80246,5256],{"href":5255},[130,80248,159],{"id":158},[20,80250,80251,80253],{},[15,80252,39817],{}," needs at least two parts:",[135,80255,80256,80262],{},[138,80257,80258,80261],{},[110,80259,80260],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[138,80263,80264,80267],{},[110,80265,80266],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80269,3831],{},[28,80271,80272],{"className":30,"code":80217,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,80273,80274],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80275,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80277,39960],{"class":91},[37,80279,95],{"class":51},[37,80281,37962],{"class":102},[37,80283,65],{"class":51},[37,80285,37967],{"class":102},[37,80287,85],{"class":51},[20,80289,80290],{},"You can pass:",[135,80292,80293,80302,80305],{},[138,80294,80295,80296,2321,80298,2325,80300],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80297,3569],{},[15,80299,818],{},[15,80301,2154],{},[138,80303,80304],{},"your own custom function",[138,80306,80307],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80309,80310],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80312,80313,80314,80316],{},"You will often see ",[15,80315,39817],{}," used like this:",[28,80318,80320],{"className":30,"code":80319,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80321,80322],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80323,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336,80338],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80325,8213],{"class":756},[37,80327,95],{"class":51},[37,80329,39960],{"class":91},[37,80331,95],{"class":51},[37,80333,37962],{"class":102},[37,80335,65],{"class":51},[37,80337,4010],{"class":102},[37,80339,106],{"class":51},[20,80341,6798,80342,80344],{},[15,80343,24888],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[130,80346,11590],{"id":11589},[20,80348,80349],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[28,80351,80353],{"className":30,"code":80352,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80354,80355,80375,80393,80397],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80356,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80358,207],{"class":43},[37,80360,48],{"class":47},[37,80362,519],{"class":51},[37,80364,214],{"class":122},[37,80366,65],{"class":51},[37,80368,219],{"class":122},[37,80370,65],{"class":51},[37,80372,224],{"class":122},[37,80374,3760],{"class":51},[37,80376,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,80378,2362],{"class":43},[37,80380,48],{"class":47},[37,80382,80109],{"class":91},[37,80384,95],{"class":51},[37,80386,3569],{"class":756},[37,80388,65],{"class":51},[37,80390,4383],{"class":102},[37,80392,85],{"class":51},[37,80394,80395],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,80396,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80398,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,80400,92],{"class":91},[37,80402,95],{"class":51},[37,80404,8213],{"class":756},[37,80406,95],{"class":51},[37,80408,2397],{"class":102},[37,80410,106],{"class":51},[20,80412,112],{},[28,80414,80416],{"className":30,"code":80415,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80417,80418],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80419,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80421,1067],{"class":51},[37,80423,821],{"class":55},[37,80425,214],{"class":59},[37,80427,821],{"class":55},[37,80429,65],{"class":51},[37,80431,815],{"class":55},[37,80433,15863],{"class":59},[37,80435,821],{"class":55},[37,80437,65],{"class":51},[37,80439,815],{"class":55},[37,80441,36943],{"class":59},[37,80443,821],{"class":55},[37,80445,3760],{"class":51},[20,80447,11797],{},[135,80449,80450,80455,80463,80471,80479],{},[138,80451,80452,80454],{},[15,80453,246],{}," contains integers",[138,80456,80457,80460,80461],{},[15,80458,80459],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80462,47778],{},[138,80464,80465,42255,80468],{},[15,80466,80467],{},"str(10)",[15,80469,80470],{},"'10'",[138,80472,80473,42255,80476],{},[15,80474,80475],{},"str(20)",[15,80477,80478],{},"'20'",[138,80480,80481,42255,80484],{},[15,80482,80483],{},"str(30)",[15,80485,80486],{},"'30'",[20,80488,53745,80489,80491,80492,80494],{},[15,80490,39817],{}," applies ",[15,80493,47778],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80496,80497,80498,80500,80501,292],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80499,24888],{}," better, see ",[285,80502,288,80503,291],{"href":64938},[15,80504,24888],{},[130,80506,1872,80508,80510],{"id":80507},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80509,39817],{}," with your own function",[20,80512,15823,80513,80515],{},[15,80514,39817],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[28,80517,80519],{"className":30,"code":80518,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80520,80521,80534,80544,80548,80572,80591,80595],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80522,80523,80525,80528,80530,80532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80524,34959],{"class":811},[37,80526,80527],{"class":34962}," double",[37,80529,95],{"class":51},[37,80531,900],{"class":37764},[37,80533,8460],{"class":51},[37,80535,80536,80538,80540,80542],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,80537,34970],{"class":1483},[37,80539,4005],{"class":43},[37,80541,39973],{"class":47},[37,80543,45687],{"class":122},[37,80545,80546],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,80547,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80549,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,80551,207],{"class":43},[37,80553,48],{"class":47},[37,80555,519],{"class":51},[37,80557,501],{"class":122},[37,80559,65],{"class":51},[37,80561,890],{"class":122},[37,80563,65],{"class":51},[37,80565,513],{"class":122},[37,80567,65],{"class":51},[37,80569,1134],{"class":122},[37,80571,3760],{"class":51},[37,80573,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80585,80587,80589],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,80575,2362],{"class":43},[37,80577,48],{"class":47},[37,80579,80109],{"class":91},[37,80581,95],{"class":51},[37,80583,80584],{"class":102},"double",[37,80586,65],{"class":51},[37,80588,4383],{"class":102},[37,80590,85],{"class":51},[37,80592,80593],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,80594,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80596,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,80598,92],{"class":91},[37,80600,95],{"class":51},[37,80602,8213],{"class":756},[37,80604,95],{"class":51},[37,80606,2397],{"class":102},[37,80608,106],{"class":51},[20,80610,112],{},[28,80612,80613],{"className":30,"code":39986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,80614,80615],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80616,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80618,1067],{"class":51},[37,80620,508],{"class":122},[37,80622,65],{"class":51},[37,80624,1134],{"class":122},[37,80626,65],{"class":51},[37,80628,1145],{"class":122},[37,80630,65],{"class":51},[37,80632,6481],{"class":122},[37,80634,3760],{"class":51},[20,80636,65675],{},[135,80638,80639,80646,80652],{},[138,80640,80641,80643,80644],{},[15,80642,39817],{}," takes the function ",[15,80645,80584],{},[138,80647,80648,80649,80651],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80650,246],{}," into that function",[138,80653,80654],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80656,80657],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[135,80659,80660,80667,80674,80682],{},[138,80661,80662,6193,80665],{},[15,80663,80664],{},"double(1)",[15,80666,508],{},[138,80668,80669,6193,80672],{},[15,80670,80671],{},"double(2)",[15,80673,522],{},[138,80675,80676,6193,80679],{},[15,80677,80678],{},"double(3)",[15,80680,80681],{},"6",[138,80683,80684,6193,80687],{},[15,80685,80686],{},"double(4)",[15,80688,2478],{},[130,80690,1872,80692,80694],{"id":80691},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80693,39817],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80696,80697,80699],{},[15,80698,39817],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80701,80702],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80704,197],{},[28,80706,80708],{"className":30,"code":80707,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80709,80710,80727,80737,80741,80762,80783,80787,80812,80816],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80711,80712,80714,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80713,34959],{"class":811},[37,80715,80716],{"class":34962}," add_numbers",[37,80718,95],{"class":51},[37,80720,285],{"class":37764},[37,80722,65],{"class":51},[37,80724,2689],{"class":37764},[37,80726,8460],{"class":51},[37,80728,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,80730,34970],{"class":1483},[37,80732,44642],{"class":43},[37,80734,2196],{"class":47},[37,80736,1831],{"class":43},[37,80738,80739],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,80740,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80742,80743,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,80744,80745],{"class":43},"list1 ",[37,80747,48],{"class":47},[37,80749,519],{"class":51},[37,80751,501],{"class":122},[37,80753,65],{"class":51},[37,80755,890],{"class":122},[37,80757,65],{"class":51},[37,80759,513],{"class":122},[37,80761,3760],{"class":51},[37,80763,80764,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,80765,80766],{"class":43},"list2 ",[37,80768,48],{"class":47},[37,80770,519],{"class":51},[37,80772,214],{"class":122},[37,80774,65],{"class":51},[37,80776,219],{"class":122},[37,80778,65],{"class":51},[37,80780,224],{"class":122},[37,80782,3760],{"class":51},[37,80784,80785],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,80786,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80788,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80800,80802,80805,80807,80810],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,80790,2362],{"class":43},[37,80792,48],{"class":47},[37,80794,80109],{"class":91},[37,80796,95],{"class":51},[37,80798,80799],{"class":102},"add_numbers",[37,80801,65],{"class":51},[37,80803,80804],{"class":102}," list1",[37,80806,65],{"class":51},[37,80808,80809],{"class":102}," list2",[37,80811,85],{"class":51},[37,80813,80814],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,80815,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80817,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,80819,92],{"class":91},[37,80821,95],{"class":51},[37,80823,8213],{"class":756},[37,80825,95],{"class":51},[37,80827,2397],{"class":102},[37,80829,106],{"class":51},[20,80831,112],{},[28,80833,80835],{"className":30,"code":80834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80836,80837],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80838,80839,80841,80844,80846,80849,80851,80854],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80840,1067],{"class":51},[37,80842,80843],{"class":122},"11",[37,80845,65],{"class":51},[37,80847,80848],{"class":122}," 22",[37,80850,65],{"class":51},[37,80852,80853],{"class":122}," 33",[37,80855,3760],{"class":51},[20,80857,2311],{},[135,80859,80860,80866,80872],{},[138,80861,80862,80863],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80864,80865],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[138,80867,80868,80869],{},"then ",[15,80870,80871],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[138,80873,80868,80874],{},[15,80875,80876],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[307,80878,80880,80882],{"id":80879},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80881,39817],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80884,80885,80886,80888],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80887,39817],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[28,80890,80892],{"className":30,"code":80891,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80893,80894,80910,80920,80924,80948,80964,80968,80990,80994],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,80895,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,80897,34959],{"class":811},[37,80899,80716],{"class":34962},[37,80901,95],{"class":51},[37,80903,285],{"class":37764},[37,80905,65],{"class":51},[37,80907,2689],{"class":37764},[37,80909,8460],{"class":51},[37,80911,80912,80914,80916,80918],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,80913,34970],{"class":1483},[37,80915,44642],{"class":43},[37,80917,2196],{"class":47},[37,80919,1831],{"class":43},[37,80921,80922],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,80923,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80925,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,80927,80745],{"class":43},[37,80929,48],{"class":47},[37,80931,519],{"class":51},[37,80933,501],{"class":122},[37,80935,65],{"class":51},[37,80937,890],{"class":122},[37,80939,65],{"class":51},[37,80941,513],{"class":122},[37,80943,65],{"class":51},[37,80945,1134],{"class":122},[37,80947,3760],{"class":51},[37,80949,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960,80962],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,80951,80766],{"class":43},[37,80953,48],{"class":47},[37,80955,519],{"class":51},[37,80957,214],{"class":122},[37,80959,65],{"class":51},[37,80961,219],{"class":122},[37,80963,3760],{"class":51},[37,80965,80966],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,80967,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80969,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,80971,2362],{"class":43},[37,80973,48],{"class":47},[37,80975,80109],{"class":91},[37,80977,95],{"class":51},[37,80979,80799],{"class":102},[37,80981,65],{"class":51},[37,80983,80804],{"class":102},[37,80985,65],{"class":51},[37,80987,80809],{"class":102},[37,80989,85],{"class":51},[37,80991,80992],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,80993,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,80995,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,80997,92],{"class":91},[37,80999,95],{"class":51},[37,81001,8213],{"class":756},[37,81003,95],{"class":51},[37,81005,2397],{"class":102},[37,81007,106],{"class":51},[20,81009,112],{},[28,81011,81013],{"className":30,"code":81012,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81014,81015],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81016,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81018,1067],{"class":51},[37,81020,80843],{"class":122},[37,81022,65],{"class":51},[37,81024,80848],{"class":122},[37,81026,3760],{"class":51},[20,81028,81029,81030,81033],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81031,81032],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[130,81035,81037,81039],{"id":81036},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81038,39817],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81041,38125,81042,81044],{},[15,81043,39817],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81046,81047,81048,81051],{},"This object is ",[110,81049,81050],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[307,81053,2619,81055,81057],{"id":81054},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81056,33134],{}," looks strange",[20,81059,33749],{},[28,81061,81063],{"className":30,"code":81062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81064,81065,81085,81103,81107],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81066,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81068,207],{"class":43},[37,81070,48],{"class":47},[37,81072,519],{"class":51},[37,81074,501],{"class":122},[37,81076,65],{"class":51},[37,81078,890],{"class":122},[37,81080,65],{"class":51},[37,81082,513],{"class":122},[37,81084,3760],{"class":51},[37,81086,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81088,2362],{"class":43},[37,81090,48],{"class":47},[37,81092,80109],{"class":91},[37,81094,95],{"class":51},[37,81096,3569],{"class":756},[37,81098,65],{"class":51},[37,81100,4383],{"class":102},[37,81102,85],{"class":51},[37,81104,81105],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81106,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81108,81109,81111,81113,81115],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81110,92],{"class":91},[37,81112,95],{"class":51},[37,81114,2397],{"class":102},[37,81116,85],{"class":51},[20,81118,81119],{},"Output will look something like this:",[28,81121,81123],{"className":30,"code":81122,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81124,81125],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81126,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81128,808],{"class":47},[37,81130,39960],{"class":91},[37,81132,24724],{"class":756},[37,81134,37466],{"class":43},[37,81136,37470],{"class":37469},[37,81138,37473],{"class":34560},[37,81140,824],{"class":47},[20,81142,81143],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81145,81146],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[28,81148,81150],{"className":30,"code":81149,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81151,81152,81172,81190,81194],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81153,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81155,207],{"class":43},[37,81157,48],{"class":47},[37,81159,519],{"class":51},[37,81161,501],{"class":122},[37,81163,65],{"class":51},[37,81165,890],{"class":122},[37,81167,65],{"class":51},[37,81169,513],{"class":122},[37,81171,3760],{"class":51},[37,81173,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81175,2362],{"class":43},[37,81177,48],{"class":47},[37,81179,80109],{"class":91},[37,81181,95],{"class":51},[37,81183,3569],{"class":756},[37,81185,65],{"class":51},[37,81187,4383],{"class":102},[37,81189,85],{"class":51},[37,81191,81192],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81193,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81195,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81197,92],{"class":91},[37,81199,95],{"class":51},[37,81201,8213],{"class":756},[37,81203,95],{"class":51},[37,81205,2397],{"class":102},[37,81207,106],{"class":51},[20,81209,112],{},[28,81211,81213],{"className":30,"code":81212,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81214,81215],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81216,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81218,1067],{"class":51},[37,81220,821],{"class":55},[37,81222,501],{"class":59},[37,81224,821],{"class":55},[37,81226,65],{"class":51},[37,81228,815],{"class":55},[37,81230,508],{"class":59},[37,81232,821],{"class":55},[37,81234,65],{"class":51},[37,81236,815],{"class":55},[37,81238,1129],{"class":59},[37,81240,821],{"class":55},[37,81242,3760],{"class":51},[307,81244,81246],{"id":81245},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[28,81248,81250],{"className":30,"code":81249,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81251,81252,81272,81290,81294,81307],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81253,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81255,207],{"class":43},[37,81257,48],{"class":47},[37,81259,519],{"class":51},[37,81261,501],{"class":122},[37,81263,65],{"class":51},[37,81265,890],{"class":122},[37,81267,65],{"class":51},[37,81269,513],{"class":122},[37,81271,3760],{"class":51},[37,81273,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81275,2362],{"class":43},[37,81277,48],{"class":47},[37,81279,80109],{"class":91},[37,81281,95],{"class":51},[37,81283,3569],{"class":756},[37,81285,65],{"class":51},[37,81287,4383],{"class":102},[37,81289,85],{"class":51},[37,81291,81292],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81293,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81295,81296,81298,81300,81302,81305],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81297,1767],{"class":1483},[37,81299,6082],{"class":43},[37,81301,1773],{"class":1483},[37,81303,81304],{"class":43}," result",[37,81306,1501],{"class":51},[37,81308,81309,81311,81313,81315],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,81310,1506],{"class":91},[37,81312,95],{"class":51},[37,81314,23417],{"class":102},[37,81316,85],{"class":51},[20,81318,112],{},[28,81320,81322],{"className":30,"code":81321,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81323,81324,81328,81332],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81325,81326],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81327,471],{"class":122},[37,81329,81330],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81331,1008],{"class":122},[37,81333,81334],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81335,115],{"class":122},[307,81337,81339],{"id":81338},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81341,81342],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[28,81344,81346],{"className":30,"code":81345,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81347,81348,81368,81386,81390,81404],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81349,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81351,207],{"class":43},[37,81353,48],{"class":47},[37,81355,519],{"class":51},[37,81357,501],{"class":122},[37,81359,65],{"class":51},[37,81361,890],{"class":122},[37,81363,65],{"class":51},[37,81365,513],{"class":122},[37,81367,3760],{"class":51},[37,81369,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81371,2362],{"class":43},[37,81373,48],{"class":47},[37,81375,80109],{"class":91},[37,81377,95],{"class":51},[37,81379,3569],{"class":756},[37,81381,65],{"class":51},[37,81383,4383],{"class":102},[37,81385,85],{"class":51},[37,81387,81388],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81389,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81391,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81393,92],{"class":91},[37,81395,95],{"class":51},[37,81397,8213],{"class":756},[37,81399,95],{"class":51},[37,81401,2397],{"class":102},[37,81403,106],{"class":51},[37,81405,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,81407,92],{"class":91},[37,81409,95],{"class":51},[37,81411,8213],{"class":756},[37,81413,95],{"class":51},[37,81415,2397],{"class":102},[37,81417,106],{"class":51},[20,81419,112],{},[28,81421,81423],{"className":30,"code":81422,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81424,81425,81453],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81426,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81428,1067],{"class":51},[37,81430,821],{"class":55},[37,81432,501],{"class":59},[37,81434,821],{"class":55},[37,81436,65],{"class":51},[37,81438,815],{"class":55},[37,81440,508],{"class":59},[37,81442,821],{"class":55},[37,81444,65],{"class":51},[37,81446,815],{"class":55},[37,81448,1129],{"class":59},[37,81450,821],{"class":55},[37,81452,3760],{"class":51},[37,81454,81455],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81456,38399],{"class":51},[20,81458,81459],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81461,81462],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[28,81464,81466],{"className":30,"code":81465,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81467,81468,81488,81510,81514,81524],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81471,207],{"class":43},[37,81473,48],{"class":47},[37,81475,519],{"class":51},[37,81477,501],{"class":122},[37,81479,65],{"class":51},[37,81481,890],{"class":122},[37,81483,65],{"class":51},[37,81485,513],{"class":122},[37,81487,3760],{"class":51},[37,81489,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81491,2362],{"class":43},[37,81493,48],{"class":47},[37,81495,22666],{"class":756},[37,81497,95],{"class":51},[37,81499,39960],{"class":91},[37,81501,95],{"class":51},[37,81503,3569],{"class":756},[37,81505,65],{"class":51},[37,81507,4383],{"class":102},[37,81509,106],{"class":51},[37,81511,81512],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81513,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81515,81516,81518,81520,81522],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81517,92],{"class":91},[37,81519,95],{"class":51},[37,81521,2397],{"class":102},[37,81523,85],{"class":51},[37,81525,81526,81528,81530,81532],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,81527,92],{"class":91},[37,81529,95],{"class":51},[37,81531,2397],{"class":102},[37,81533,85],{"class":51},[20,81535,112],{},[28,81537,81539],{"className":30,"code":81538,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81540,81541,81569],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81542,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81544,1067],{"class":51},[37,81546,821],{"class":55},[37,81548,501],{"class":59},[37,81550,821],{"class":55},[37,81552,65],{"class":51},[37,81554,815],{"class":55},[37,81556,508],{"class":59},[37,81558,821],{"class":55},[37,81560,65],{"class":51},[37,81562,815],{"class":55},[37,81564,1129],{"class":59},[37,81566,821],{"class":55},[37,81568,3760],{"class":51},[37,81570,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81572,1067],{"class":51},[37,81574,821],{"class":55},[37,81576,501],{"class":59},[37,81578,821],{"class":55},[37,81580,65],{"class":51},[37,81582,815],{"class":55},[37,81584,508],{"class":59},[37,81586,821],{"class":55},[37,81588,65],{"class":51},[37,81590,815],{"class":55},[37,81592,1129],{"class":59},[37,81594,821],{"class":55},[37,81596,3760],{"class":51},[130,81598,5080,81600],{"id":81599},"when-to-use-map",[15,81601,39817],{},[20,81603,81604,81606],{},[15,81605,39817],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81608,81609],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[135,81611,81612,81616,81620],{},[138,81613,81614],{},[15,81615,3569],{},[138,81617,81618],{},[15,81619,818],{},[138,81621,81622],{},[15,81623,2154],{},[20,81625,197],{},[28,81627,81629],{"className":30,"code":81628,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81630,81631,81663,81685,81689],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81632,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81634,1111],{"class":43},[37,81636,48],{"class":47},[37,81638,519],{"class":51},[37,81640,821],{"class":55},[37,81642,501],{"class":59},[37,81644,821],{"class":55},[37,81646,65],{"class":51},[37,81648,815],{"class":55},[37,81650,508],{"class":59},[37,81652,821],{"class":55},[37,81654,65],{"class":51},[37,81656,815],{"class":55},[37,81658,1129],{"class":59},[37,81660,821],{"class":55},[37,81662,3760],{"class":51},[37,81664,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81666,207],{"class":43},[37,81668,48],{"class":47},[37,81670,22666],{"class":756},[37,81672,95],{"class":51},[37,81674,39960],{"class":91},[37,81676,95],{"class":51},[37,81678,818],{"class":756},[37,81680,65],{"class":51},[37,81682,4010],{"class":102},[37,81684,106],{"class":51},[37,81686,81687],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81688,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81690,81691,81693,81695,81697],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81692,92],{"class":91},[37,81694,95],{"class":51},[37,81696,246],{"class":102},[37,81698,85],{"class":51},[20,81700,112],{},[28,81702,81703],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,81704,81705],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81706,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81708,1067],{"class":51},[37,81710,501],{"class":122},[37,81712,65],{"class":51},[37,81714,890],{"class":122},[37,81716,65],{"class":51},[37,81718,513],{"class":122},[37,81720,3760],{"class":51},[20,81722,81723],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81725,81726],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[28,81728,81730],{"className":30,"code":81729,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81731,81732,81752,81774],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81733,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81735,207],{"class":43},[37,81737,48],{"class":47},[37,81739,519],{"class":51},[37,81741,501],{"class":122},[37,81743,65],{"class":51},[37,81745,890],{"class":122},[37,81747,65],{"class":51},[37,81749,513],{"class":122},[37,81751,3760],{"class":51},[37,81753,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81755,2362],{"class":43},[37,81757,48],{"class":47},[37,81759,22666],{"class":756},[37,81761,95],{"class":51},[37,81763,39960],{"class":91},[37,81765,95],{"class":51},[37,81767,3569],{"class":756},[37,81769,65],{"class":51},[37,81771,4383],{"class":102},[37,81773,106],{"class":51},[37,81775,81776,81778,81780,81782],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81777,92],{"class":91},[37,81779,95],{"class":51},[37,81781,2397],{"class":102},[37,81783,85],{"class":51},[28,81785,81787],{"className":30,"code":81786,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81788,81789,81809,81836],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81792,207],{"class":43},[37,81794,48],{"class":47},[37,81796,519],{"class":51},[37,81798,501],{"class":122},[37,81800,65],{"class":51},[37,81802,890],{"class":122},[37,81804,65],{"class":51},[37,81806,513],{"class":122},[37,81808,3760],{"class":51},[37,81810,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827,81830,81832,81834],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81812,2362],{"class":43},[37,81814,48],{"class":47},[37,81816,519],{"class":51},[37,81818,3569],{"class":756},[37,81820,95],{"class":51},[37,81822,76117],{"class":102},[37,81824,18],{"class":51},[37,81826,4002],{"class":1483},[37,81828,81829],{"class":43}," n ",[37,81831,1773],{"class":1483},[37,81833,4383],{"class":43},[37,81835,3760],{"class":51},[37,81837,81838,81840,81842,81844],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81839,92],{"class":91},[37,81841,95],{"class":51},[37,81843,2397],{"class":102},[37,81845,85],{"class":51},[20,81847,81848],{},"Both produce:",[28,81850,81851],{"className":30,"code":81212,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,81852,81853],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81854,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81856,1067],{"class":51},[37,81858,821],{"class":55},[37,81860,501],{"class":59},[37,81862,821],{"class":55},[37,81864,65],{"class":51},[37,81866,815],{"class":55},[37,81868,508],{"class":59},[37,81870,821],{"class":55},[37,81872,65],{"class":51},[37,81874,815],{"class":55},[37,81876,1129],{"class":59},[37,81878,821],{"class":55},[37,81880,3760],{"class":51},[20,81882,81883],{},"A simple rule:",[135,81885,81886,81891,81896],{},[138,81887,40091,81888,81890],{},[15,81889,39817],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[138,81892,40097,81893,81895],{},[15,81894,1767],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[138,81897,81898],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81900,81901,81902,292],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[285,81903,4513],{"href":4512},[130,81905,155],{"id":4638},[307,81907,81909,81910],{"id":81908},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81911,24888],{},[20,81913,81914],{},"This is very common:",[28,81916,81917],{"className":30,"code":81062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,81918,81919,81939,81957,81961],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81920,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81922,207],{"class":43},[37,81924,48],{"class":47},[37,81926,519],{"class":51},[37,81928,501],{"class":122},[37,81930,65],{"class":51},[37,81932,890],{"class":122},[37,81934,65],{"class":51},[37,81936,513],{"class":122},[37,81938,3760],{"class":51},[37,81940,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,81942,2362],{"class":43},[37,81944,48],{"class":47},[37,81946,80109],{"class":91},[37,81948,95],{"class":51},[37,81950,3569],{"class":756},[37,81952,65],{"class":51},[37,81954,4383],{"class":102},[37,81956,85],{"class":51},[37,81958,81959],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,81960,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,81962,81963,81965,81967,81969],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,81964,92],{"class":91},[37,81966,95],{"class":51},[37,81968,2397],{"class":102},[37,81970,85],{"class":51},[20,81972,81973],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81975,39363],{},[28,81977,81979],{"className":30,"code":81978,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81980,81981],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,81982,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,81984,92],{"class":91},[37,81986,95],{"class":51},[37,81988,8213],{"class":756},[37,81990,95],{"class":51},[37,81992,2397],{"class":102},[37,81994,106],{"class":51},[307,81996,81998],{"id":81997},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82000,16753],{},[28,82002,82004],{"className":30,"code":82003,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82005,82006,82026],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82007,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82009,207],{"class":43},[37,82011,48],{"class":47},[37,82013,519],{"class":51},[37,82015,501],{"class":122},[37,82017,65],{"class":51},[37,82019,890],{"class":122},[37,82021,65],{"class":51},[37,82023,513],{"class":122},[37,82025,3760],{"class":51},[37,82027,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82041,82043],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82029,2362],{"class":43},[37,82031,48],{"class":47},[37,82033,80109],{"class":91},[37,82035,95],{"class":51},[37,82037,3569],{"class":756},[37,82039,82040],{"class":51},"(),",[37,82042,4383],{"class":102},[37,82044,85],{"class":51},[20,82046,82047,82048,82050,82051,82053],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82049,47778],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82052,39817],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82055,16765],{},[28,82057,82058],{"className":30,"code":81149,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,82059,82060,82080,82098,82102],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82061,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82063,207],{"class":43},[37,82065,48],{"class":47},[37,82067,519],{"class":51},[37,82069,501],{"class":122},[37,82071,65],{"class":51},[37,82073,890],{"class":122},[37,82075,65],{"class":51},[37,82077,513],{"class":122},[37,82079,3760],{"class":51},[37,82081,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82083,2362],{"class":43},[37,82085,48],{"class":47},[37,82087,80109],{"class":91},[37,82089,95],{"class":51},[37,82091,3569],{"class":756},[37,82093,65],{"class":51},[37,82095,4383],{"class":102},[37,82097,85],{"class":51},[37,82099,82100],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82101,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82103,82104,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82105,92],{"class":91},[37,82107,95],{"class":51},[37,82109,8213],{"class":756},[37,82111,95],{"class":51},[37,82113,2397],{"class":102},[37,82115,106],{"class":51},[307,82117,82119],{"id":82118},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82121,82122],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82124,16753],{},[28,82126,82128],{"className":30,"code":82127,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82129,82130,82147,82157,82161,82181,82200,82204],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82131,82132,82134,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82133,34959],{"class":811},[37,82135,82136],{"class":34962}," add",[37,82138,95],{"class":51},[37,82140,285],{"class":37764},[37,82142,65],{"class":51},[37,82144,2689],{"class":37764},[37,82146,8460],{"class":51},[37,82148,82149,82151,82153,82155],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82150,34970],{"class":1483},[37,82152,44642],{"class":43},[37,82154,2196],{"class":47},[37,82156,1831],{"class":43},[37,82158,82159],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82160,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82164,207],{"class":43},[37,82166,48],{"class":47},[37,82168,519],{"class":51},[37,82170,501],{"class":122},[37,82172,65],{"class":51},[37,82174,890],{"class":122},[37,82176,65],{"class":51},[37,82178,513],{"class":122},[37,82180,3760],{"class":51},[37,82182,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82194,82196,82198],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,82184,2362],{"class":43},[37,82186,48],{"class":47},[37,82188,80109],{"class":91},[37,82190,95],{"class":51},[37,82192,82193],{"class":102},"add",[37,82195,65],{"class":51},[37,82197,4383],{"class":102},[37,82199,85],{"class":51},[37,82201,82202],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,82203,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82205,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,82207,92],{"class":91},[37,82209,95],{"class":51},[37,82211,8213],{"class":756},[37,82213,95],{"class":51},[37,82215,2397],{"class":102},[37,82217,106],{"class":51},[20,82219,16765],{},[28,82221,82223],{"className":30,"code":82222,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82224,82225,82241,82251,82255,82275,82295,82317,82321],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82228,34959],{"class":811},[37,82230,82136],{"class":34962},[37,82232,95],{"class":51},[37,82234,285],{"class":37764},[37,82236,65],{"class":51},[37,82238,2689],{"class":37764},[37,82240,8460],{"class":51},[37,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82244,34970],{"class":1483},[37,82246,44642],{"class":43},[37,82248,2196],{"class":47},[37,82250,1831],{"class":43},[37,82252,82253],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82254,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82256,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82258,80745],{"class":43},[37,82260,48],{"class":47},[37,82262,519],{"class":51},[37,82264,501],{"class":122},[37,82266,65],{"class":51},[37,82268,890],{"class":122},[37,82270,65],{"class":51},[37,82272,513],{"class":122},[37,82274,3760],{"class":51},[37,82276,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,82278,80766],{"class":43},[37,82280,48],{"class":47},[37,82282,519],{"class":51},[37,82284,214],{"class":122},[37,82286,65],{"class":51},[37,82288,219],{"class":122},[37,82290,65],{"class":51},[37,82292,224],{"class":122},[37,82294,3760],{"class":51},[37,82296,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,82298,2362],{"class":43},[37,82300,48],{"class":47},[37,82302,80109],{"class":91},[37,82304,95],{"class":51},[37,82306,82193],{"class":102},[37,82308,65],{"class":51},[37,82310,80804],{"class":102},[37,82312,65],{"class":51},[37,82314,80809],{"class":102},[37,82316,85],{"class":51},[37,82318,82319],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,82320,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82322,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,82324,92],{"class":91},[37,82326,95],{"class":51},[37,82328,8213],{"class":756},[37,82330,95],{"class":51},[37,82332,2397],{"class":102},[37,82334,106],{"class":51},[307,82336,82338],{"id":82337},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82340,16753],{},[28,82342,82343],{"className":30,"code":81345,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,82344,82345,82365,82383,82387,82401],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82346,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82348,207],{"class":43},[37,82350,48],{"class":47},[37,82352,519],{"class":51},[37,82354,501],{"class":122},[37,82356,65],{"class":51},[37,82358,890],{"class":122},[37,82360,65],{"class":51},[37,82362,513],{"class":122},[37,82364,3760],{"class":51},[37,82366,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82368,2362],{"class":43},[37,82370,48],{"class":47},[37,82372,80109],{"class":91},[37,82374,95],{"class":51},[37,82376,3569],{"class":756},[37,82378,65],{"class":51},[37,82380,4383],{"class":102},[37,82382,85],{"class":51},[37,82384,82385],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82386,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82388,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82390,92],{"class":91},[37,82392,95],{"class":51},[37,82394,8213],{"class":756},[37,82396,95],{"class":51},[37,82398,2397],{"class":102},[37,82400,106],{"class":51},[37,82402,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,82404,92],{"class":91},[37,82406,95],{"class":51},[37,82408,8213],{"class":756},[37,82410,95],{"class":51},[37,82412,2397],{"class":102},[37,82414,106],{"class":51},[20,82416,82417],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82419,82420],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[130,82422,67986],{"id":67985},[20,82424,8994,82425,82427],{},[15,82426,39817],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[28,82429,82431],{"className":30,"code":82430,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82432,82433,82443,82457,82471,82483],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82434,82435,82437,82439,82441],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82436,92],{"class":91},[37,82438,95],{"class":51},[37,82440,2397],{"class":102},[37,82442,85],{"class":51},[37,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82446,92],{"class":91},[37,82448,95],{"class":51},[37,82450,8213],{"class":756},[37,82452,95],{"class":51},[37,82454,2397],{"class":102},[37,82456,106],{"class":51},[37,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82460,92],{"class":91},[37,82462,95],{"class":51},[37,82464,757],{"class":756},[37,82466,95],{"class":51},[37,82468,2397],{"class":102},[37,82470,106],{"class":51},[37,82472,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82474,1767],{"class":1483},[37,82476,6082],{"class":43},[37,82478,1773],{"class":1483},[37,82480,81304],{"class":43},[37,82482,1501],{"class":51},[37,82484,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,82486,1506],{"class":91},[37,82488,95],{"class":51},[37,82490,23417],{"class":102},[37,82492,85],{"class":51},[20,82494,12785],{},[135,82496,82497,82502,82507,82513],{},[138,82498,82499,82501],{},[15,82500,33134],{}," shows that you have a map object",[138,82503,82504,82506],{},[15,82505,33142],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[138,82508,82509,82512],{},[15,82510,82511],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[138,82514,82515,82516,82518],{},"looping over ",[15,82517,2397],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82520,82521,82522,82525,82526,82528],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82523,82524],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82527,1767],{}," loop consume the map object.",[130,82530,1969],{"id":1968},[307,82532,1983,82534,82536],{"id":82533},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82535,39817],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82538,82539,82540,82542,82543,24045],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82541,39817],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82544,82545],{},"list(map(...))",[307,82547,15013,82549,82551,82552,82554],{"id":82548},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82550,39817],{}," better than a ",[15,82553,1767],{}," loop?",[20,82556,82557,82558,82560,82561,82563],{},"Not always. ",[15,82559,39817],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82562,1767],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[307,82565,5290,82567,82569],{"id":82566},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82568,39817],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82571,82572],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[307,82574,82576],{"id":82575},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82578,82579],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[130,82581,2025],{"id":2024},[135,82583,82584,82590,82596,82600,82604],{},[138,82585,82586],{},[285,82587,288,82588,291],{"href":40186},[15,82589,37678],{},[138,82591,82592],{},[285,82593,288,82594,291],{"href":64938},[15,82595,24888],{},[138,82597,82598],{},[285,82599,5342],{"href":5251},[138,82601,82602],{},[285,82603,5347],{"href":4512},[138,82605,82606],{},[285,82607,5337],{"href":5255},[2052,82609,82610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":82612},[82613,82614,82616,82617,82618,82620,82625,82632,82634,82641,82642,82651],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":80188,"depth":88,"text":82615},"What map() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":80507,"depth":88,"text":82619},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80691,"depth":88,"text":82621,"children":82622},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82623],{"id":80879,"depth":251,"text":82624},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81036,"depth":88,"text":82626,"children":82627},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82628,82630,82631],{"id":81054,"depth":251,"text":82629},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81245,"depth":251,"text":81246},{"id":81338,"depth":251,"text":81339},{"id":81599,"depth":88,"text":82633},"When to use map()",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":82635},[82636,82638,82639,82640],{"id":81908,"depth":251,"text":82637},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81997,"depth":251,"text":81998},{"id":82118,"depth":251,"text":82119},{"id":82337,"depth":251,"text":82338},{"id":67985,"depth":88,"text":67986},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":82643},[82644,82646,82648,82650],{"id":82533,"depth":251,"text":82645},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82548,"depth":251,"text":82647},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82566,"depth":251,"text":82649},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82575,"depth":251,"text":82576},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80020,"description":82652},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82659,"title":82660,"body":82661,"description":84681,"extension":2099,"meta":84682,"navigation":254,"path":84683,"seo":84684,"stem":84685,"__hash__":84686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82662,"toc":84639},[82663,82669,82674,82677,82685,82688,82690,82814,82816,82834,82836,82856,82861,82865,82879,82882,82885,82887,82892,83004,83007,83025,83031,83034,83096,83098,83107,83110,83124,83126,83174,83176,83185,83195,83201,83204,83231,83233,83241,83244,83247,83317,83319,83327,83330,83335,83340,83391,83393,83401,83404,83406,83423,83425,83477,83480,83486,83490,83495,83498,83502,83561,83563,83572,83578,83587,83591,83654,83656,83664,83669,83673,83678,83758,83760,83769,83776,83781,83786,83789,83824,83826,83834,83837,83843,83845,83895,83897,83906,83909,83927,83929,83934,83940,83947,83974,83976,83999,84004,84039,84044,84050,84055,84098,84101,84104,84143,84150,84156,84161,84176,84180,84187,84190,84194,84199,84203,84208,84210,84271,84273,84302,84307,84314,84323,84325,84328,84353,84355,84458,84461,84479,84488,84490,84495,84498,84504,84507,84509,84519,84525,84529,84587,84594,84602,84604,84636],[10,82664,288,82666,3704],{"id":82665},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82667,82668],{},"max()",[20,82670,9242,82671,82673],{},[15,82672,82668],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82675,82676],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[135,82678,82679,82682],{},[138,82680,82681],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[138,82683,82684],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82686,82687],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[130,82689,2140],{"id":2139},[28,82691,82693],{"className":30,"code":82692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82694,82695,82719,82734,82738,82764,82768,82800],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82696,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715,82717],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82698,207],{"class":43},[37,82700,48],{"class":47},[37,82702,519],{"class":51},[37,82704,1129],{"class":122},[37,82706,65],{"class":51},[37,82708,6481],{"class":122},[37,82710,65],{"class":51},[37,82712,890],{"class":122},[37,82714,65],{"class":51},[37,82716,527],{"class":122},[37,82718,3760],{"class":51},[37,82720,82721,82723,82725,82728,82730,82732],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82722,92],{"class":91},[37,82724,95],{"class":51},[37,82726,82727],{"class":91},"max",[37,82729,95],{"class":51},[37,82731,246],{"class":102},[37,82733,106],{"class":51},[37,82735,82736],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82737,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82739,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82741,92],{"class":91},[37,82743,95],{"class":51},[37,82745,82727],{"class":91},[37,82747,95],{"class":51},[37,82749,1129],{"class":122},[37,82751,65],{"class":51},[37,82753,6481],{"class":122},[37,82755,65],{"class":51},[37,82757,890],{"class":122},[37,82759,65],{"class":51},[37,82761,527],{"class":122},[37,82763,106],{"class":51},[37,82765,82766],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,82767,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,82769,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,82771,965],{"class":43},[37,82773,48],{"class":47},[37,82775,519],{"class":51},[37,82777,56],{"class":55},[37,82779,329],{"class":59},[37,82781,56],{"class":55},[37,82783,65],{"class":51},[37,82785,68],{"class":55},[37,82787,338],{"class":59},[37,82789,56],{"class":55},[37,82791,65],{"class":51},[37,82793,68],{"class":55},[37,82795,78831],{"class":59},[37,82797,56],{"class":55},[37,82799,3760],{"class":51},[37,82801,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,82803,92],{"class":91},[37,82805,95],{"class":51},[37,82807,82727],{"class":91},[37,82809,95],{"class":51},[37,82811,999],{"class":102},[37,82813,106],{"class":51},[20,82815,112],{},[28,82817,82819],{"className":30,"code":82818,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82820,82821,82825,82829],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82822,82823],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82824,2514],{"class":122},[37,82826,82827],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82828,2514],{"class":122},[37,82830,82831],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82832,82833],{"class":43},"pear\n",[20,82835,560],{},[135,82837,82838,82844,82850],{},[138,82839,82840,82843],{},[15,82841,82842],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[138,82845,82846,82849],{},[15,82847,82848],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[138,82851,82852,82855],{},[15,82853,82854],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[130,82857,296,82859,3805],{"id":82858},"what-max-does",[15,82860,82668],{},[20,82862,82863,3013],{},[15,82864,82668],{},[135,82866,82867,82870,82873,82876],{},[138,82868,82869],{},"Returns the largest item",[138,82871,82872],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[138,82874,82875],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[138,82877,82878],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82880,82881],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82883,82884],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[130,82886,159],{"id":158},[20,82888,82889,82890,3013],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82891,82668],{},[28,82893,82895],{"className":30,"code":82894,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82896,82897,82907,82931,82953,82976],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,82898,82899,82901,82903,82905],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,82900,82727],{"class":91},[37,82902,95],{"class":51},[37,82904,3846],{"class":102},[37,82906,85],{"class":51},[37,82908,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917,82920,82922,82924,82926,82929],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,82910,82727],{"class":91},[37,82912,95],{"class":51},[37,82914,3846],{"class":102},[37,82916,65],{"class":51},[37,82918,82919],{"class":47}," *",[37,82921,65],{"class":51},[37,82923,21686],{"class":9294},[37,82925,48],{"class":47},[37,82927,82928],{"class":102},"func",[37,82930,85],{"class":51},[37,82932,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,82934,82727],{"class":91},[37,82936,95],{"class":51},[37,82938,3846],{"class":102},[37,82940,65],{"class":51},[37,82942,82919],{"class":47},[37,82944,65],{"class":51},[37,82946,26629],{"class":9294},[37,82948,48],{"class":47},[37,82950,1215],{"class":102},[37,82952,85],{"class":51},[37,82954,82955,82957,82959,82962,82964,82967,82969,82971,82974],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,82956,82727],{"class":91},[37,82958,95],{"class":51},[37,82960,82961],{"class":102},"arg1",[37,82963,65],{"class":51},[37,82965,82966],{"class":102}," arg2",[37,82968,65],{"class":51},[37,82970,82919],{"class":47},[37,82972,82973],{"class":102},"args",[37,82975,85],{"class":51},[37,82977,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,82979,82727],{"class":91},[37,82981,95],{"class":51},[37,82983,82961],{"class":102},[37,82985,65],{"class":51},[37,82987,82966],{"class":102},[37,82989,65],{"class":51},[37,82991,82919],{"class":47},[37,82993,82973],{"class":102},[37,82995,65],{"class":51},[37,82997,21686],{"class":9294},[37,82999,48],{"class":47},[37,83001,82928],{"class":102},[37,83003,85],{"class":51},[20,83005,83006],{},"The most important parts are:",[135,83008,83009,83014,83019],{},[138,83010,83011,83013],{},[15,83012,3846],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[138,83015,83016,83018],{},[15,83017,14951],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[138,83020,83021,83024],{},[15,83022,83023],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[130,83026,1872,83028,83030],{"id":83027},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83029,82668],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83032,83033],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[28,83035,83037],{"className":30,"code":83036,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83038,83039,83065,83081,83085],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83040,83041,83043,83045,83047,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83063],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83042,5183],{"class":43},[37,83044,48],{"class":47},[37,83046,519],{"class":51},[37,83048,83049],{"class":122},"72",[37,83051,65],{"class":51},[37,83053,51601],{"class":122},[37,83055,65],{"class":51},[37,83057,13616],{"class":122},[37,83059,65],{"class":51},[37,83061,83062],{"class":122}," 66",[37,83064,3760],{"class":51},[37,83066,83067,83070,83072,83075,83077,83079],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83068,83069],{"class":43},"highest_score ",[37,83071,48],{"class":47},[37,83073,83074],{"class":91}," max",[37,83076,95],{"class":51},[37,83078,16498],{"class":102},[37,83080,85],{"class":51},[37,83082,83083],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,83084,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,83086,83087,83089,83091,83094],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,83088,92],{"class":91},[37,83090,95],{"class":51},[37,83092,83093],{"class":102},"highest_score",[37,83095,85],{"class":51},[20,83097,112],{},[28,83099,83101],{"className":30,"code":83100,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"91\n",[15,83102,83103],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83104,83105],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83106,83100],{"class":122},[20,83108,83109],{},"This works well for:",[135,83111,83112,83115,83118,83121],{},[138,83113,83114],{},"Scores",[138,83116,83117],{},"Prices",[138,83119,83120],{},"Ages",[138,83122,83123],{},"Counts",[20,83125,52171],{},[28,83127,83129],{"className":30,"code":83128,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83130,83131,83159],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83132,83133,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83147,83149,83152,83154,83157],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83134,83135],{"class":43},"prices ",[37,83137,48],{"class":47},[37,83139,519],{"class":51},[37,83141,40499],{"class":122},[37,83143,65],{"class":51},[37,83145,83146],{"class":122}," 5.50",[37,83148,65],{"class":51},[37,83150,83151],{"class":122}," 12.75",[37,83153,65],{"class":51},[37,83155,83156],{"class":122}," 29.00",[37,83158,3760],{"class":51},[37,83160,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83172],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83162,92],{"class":91},[37,83164,95],{"class":51},[37,83166,82727],{"class":91},[37,83168,95],{"class":51},[37,83170,83171],{"class":102},"prices",[37,83173,106],{"class":51},[20,83175,112],{},[28,83177,83179],{"className":30,"code":83178,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"29.0\n",[15,83180,83181],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83182,83183],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83184,83178],{"class":122},[20,83186,83187,83188,83190,83191,292],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83189,82668],{}," is simpler than ",[285,83192,83193],{"href":74608},[15,83194,74511],{},[130,83196,1872,83198,83200],{"id":83197},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83199,82668],{}," with separate values",[20,83202,83203],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[28,83205,83207],{"className":30,"code":83206,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83208,83209],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83210,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83212,92],{"class":91},[37,83214,95],{"class":51},[37,83216,82727],{"class":91},[37,83218,95],{"class":51},[37,83220,522],{"class":122},[37,83222,65],{"class":51},[37,83224,31051],{"class":122},[37,83226,65],{"class":51},[37,83228,1564],{"class":122},[37,83230,106],{"class":51},[20,83232,112],{},[28,83234,83235],{"className":30,"code":2357,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,83236,83237],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83238,83239],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83240,2357],{"class":122},[20,83242,83243],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83245,83246],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[28,83248,83250],{"className":30,"code":83249,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83251,83252,83261,83269,83279,83283,83306],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83253,83254,83256,83258],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83255,722],{"class":43},[37,83257,48],{"class":47},[37,83259,83260],{"class":122}," 15\n",[37,83262,83263,83265,83267],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83264,735],{"class":43},[37,83266,48],{"class":47},[37,83268,2897],{"class":122},[37,83270,83271,83274,83276],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,83272,83273],{"class":43},"c ",[37,83275,48],{"class":47},[37,83277,83278],{"class":122}," 27\n",[37,83280,83281],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,83282,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,83284,83285,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,83286,83287],{"class":43},"largest ",[37,83289,48],{"class":47},[37,83291,83074],{"class":91},[37,83293,95],{"class":51},[37,83295,285],{"class":102},[37,83297,65],{"class":51},[37,83299,2689],{"class":102},[37,83301,65],{"class":51},[37,83303,9797],{"class":102},[37,83305,85],{"class":51},[37,83307,83308,83310,83312,83315],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,83309,92],{"class":91},[37,83311,95],{"class":51},[37,83313,83314],{"class":102},"largest",[37,83316,85],{"class":51},[20,83318,112],{},[28,83320,83321],{"className":30,"code":46709,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,83322,83323],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83324,83325],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83326,46709],{"class":122},[20,83328,83329],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[130,83331,1872,83333,47154],{"id":83332},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83334,82668],{},[20,83336,83337,83339],{},[15,83338,82668],{}," can compare strings too.",[28,83341,83343],{"className":30,"code":83342,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83344,83345,83377],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83346,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83348,965],{"class":43},[37,83350,48],{"class":47},[37,83352,519],{"class":51},[37,83354,56],{"class":55},[37,83356,329],{"class":59},[37,83358,56],{"class":55},[37,83360,65],{"class":51},[37,83362,68],{"class":55},[37,83364,338],{"class":59},[37,83366,56],{"class":55},[37,83368,65],{"class":51},[37,83370,68],{"class":55},[37,83372,78831],{"class":59},[37,83374,56],{"class":55},[37,83376,3760],{"class":51},[37,83378,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83380,92],{"class":91},[37,83382,95],{"class":51},[37,83384,82727],{"class":91},[37,83386,95],{"class":51},[37,83388,999],{"class":102},[37,83390,106],{"class":51},[20,83392,112],{},[28,83394,83395],{"className":30,"code":82833,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,83396,83397],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83398,83399],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83400,82833],{"class":43},[20,83402,83403],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83405,68373],{},[135,83407,83408,83417,83420],{},[138,83409,83410,83413,83414,83416],{},[15,83411,83412],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83415,65365],{}," alphabetically",[138,83418,83419],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[138,83421,83422],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83424,197],{},[28,83426,83428],{"className":30,"code":83427,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83429,83430,83463],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83431,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83433,965],{"class":43},[37,83435,48],{"class":47},[37,83437,519],{"class":51},[37,83439,56],{"class":55},[37,83441,329],{"class":59},[37,83443,56],{"class":55},[37,83445,65],{"class":51},[37,83447,68],{"class":55},[37,83449,83450],{"class":59},"Banana",[37,83452,56],{"class":55},[37,83454,65],{"class":51},[37,83456,68],{"class":55},[37,83458,78831],{"class":59},[37,83460,56],{"class":55},[37,83462,3760],{"class":51},[37,83464,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83466,92],{"class":91},[37,83468,95],{"class":51},[37,83470,82727],{"class":91},[37,83472,95],{"class":51},[37,83474,999],{"class":102},[37,83476,106],{"class":51},[20,83478,83479],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83481,83482,83483,83485],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83484,14951],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[130,83487,36714,83488,36717],{"id":78789},[15,83489,14951],{},[20,83491,1531,83492,83494],{},[15,83493,14951],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83496,83497],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[307,83499,83501],{"id":83500},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[28,83503,83505],{"className":30,"code":83504,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83506,83507,83539],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83508,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83510,965],{"class":43},[37,83512,48],{"class":47},[37,83514,519],{"class":51},[37,83516,56],{"class":55},[37,83518,37149],{"class":59},[37,83520,56],{"class":55},[37,83522,65],{"class":51},[37,83524,68],{"class":55},[37,83526,68416],{"class":59},[37,83528,56],{"class":55},[37,83530,65],{"class":51},[37,83532,68],{"class":55},[37,83534,58219],{"class":59},[37,83536,56],{"class":55},[37,83538,3760],{"class":51},[37,83540,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83542,92],{"class":91},[37,83544,95],{"class":51},[37,83546,82727],{"class":91},[37,83548,95],{"class":51},[37,83550,999],{"class":102},[37,83552,65],{"class":51},[37,83554,21686],{"class":9294},[37,83556,48],{"class":47},[37,83558,17],{"class":91},[37,83560,106],{"class":51},[20,83562,112],{},[28,83564,83566],{"className":30,"code":83565,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"elephant\n",[15,83567,83568],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83569,83570],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83571,83565],{"class":43},[20,83573,1088,83574,83577],{},[15,83575,83576],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83579,83580,83581,33735,83583,292],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83582,25],{},[285,83584,83585,5905],{"href":287},[15,83586,25],{},[307,83588,83590],{"id":83589},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[28,83592,83594],{"className":30,"code":83593,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83595,83596,83628],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83597,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83599,965],{"class":43},[37,83601,48],{"class":47},[37,83603,519],{"class":51},[37,83605,56],{"class":55},[37,83607,329],{"class":59},[37,83609,56],{"class":55},[37,83611,65],{"class":51},[37,83613,68],{"class":55},[37,83615,83450],{"class":59},[37,83617,56],{"class":55},[37,83619,65],{"class":51},[37,83621,68],{"class":55},[37,83623,78831],{"class":59},[37,83625,56],{"class":55},[37,83627,3760],{"class":51},[37,83629,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83631,92],{"class":91},[37,83633,95],{"class":51},[37,83635,82727],{"class":91},[37,83637,95],{"class":51},[37,83639,999],{"class":102},[37,83641,65],{"class":51},[37,83643,21686],{"class":9294},[37,83645,48],{"class":47},[37,83647,3569],{"class":756},[37,83649,292],{"class":51},[37,83651,8758],{"class":24857},[37,83653,106],{"class":51},[20,83655,112],{},[28,83657,83658],{"className":30,"code":82833,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,83659,83660],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83661,83662],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83663,82833],{"class":43},[20,83665,1088,83666,83668],{},[15,83667,78785],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[307,83670,83672],{"id":83671},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83674,83675,83676,3013],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83677,37761],{},[28,83679,83681],{"className":30,"code":83680,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83682,83683,83726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83684,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83704,83706,83708,83710,83713,83715,83717,83719,83722,83724],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83686,670],{"class":43},[37,83688,48],{"class":47},[37,83690,519],{"class":51},[37,83692,56],{"class":55},[37,83694,285],{"class":59},[37,83696,56],{"class":55},[37,83698,65],{"class":51},[37,83700,68],{"class":55},[37,83702,83703],{"class":59},"bb",[37,83705,56],{"class":55},[37,83707,65],{"class":51},[37,83709,68],{"class":55},[37,83711,83712],{"class":59},"cccc",[37,83714,56],{"class":55},[37,83716,65],{"class":51},[37,83718,68],{"class":55},[37,83720,83721],{"class":59},"ddd",[37,83723,56],{"class":55},[37,83725,3760],{"class":51},[37,83727,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83729,92],{"class":91},[37,83731,95],{"class":51},[37,83733,82727],{"class":91},[37,83735,95],{"class":51},[37,83737,687],{"class":102},[37,83739,65],{"class":51},[37,83741,21686],{"class":9294},[37,83743,48],{"class":47},[37,83745,37761],{"class":811},[37,83747,42940],{"class":37764},[37,83749,3013],{"class":51},[37,83751,241],{"class":91},[37,83753,95],{"class":51},[37,83755,34816],{"class":102},[37,83757,3041],{"class":51},[20,83759,112],{},[28,83761,83763],{"className":30,"code":83762,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"cccc\n",[15,83764,83765],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83766,83767],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83768,83762],{"class":43},[20,83770,49643,83771,851,83773,83775],{},[15,83772,83576],{},[15,83774,78672],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[130,83777,36714,83779,36717],{"id":83778},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83780,83023],{},[20,83782,1531,83783,83785],{},[15,83784,83023],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83787,83788],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[28,83790,83792],{"className":30,"code":83791,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83793,83794,83802],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83795,83796,83798,83800],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83797,207],{"class":43},[37,83799,48],{"class":47},[37,83801,7958],{"class":51},[37,83803,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83805,92],{"class":91},[37,83807,95],{"class":51},[37,83809,82727],{"class":91},[37,83811,95],{"class":51},[37,83813,246],{"class":102},[37,83815,65],{"class":51},[37,83817,26629],{"class":9294},[37,83819,48],{"class":47},[37,83821,1070],{"class":122},[37,83823,106],{"class":51},[20,83825,112],{},[28,83827,83828],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,83829,83830],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83831,83832],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83833,419],{"class":122},[20,83835,83836],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83838,83839,83840,83842],{},"Without ",[15,83841,83023],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83844,52171],{},[28,83846,83848],{"className":30,"code":83847,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83849,83850,83858,83885],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83851,83852,83854,83856],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83853,965],{"class":43},[37,83855,48],{"class":47},[37,83857,7958],{"class":51},[37,83859,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83881,83883],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83861,2362],{"class":43},[37,83863,48],{"class":47},[37,83865,83074],{"class":91},[37,83867,95],{"class":51},[37,83869,999],{"class":102},[37,83871,65],{"class":51},[37,83873,26629],{"class":9294},[37,83875,48],{"class":47},[37,83877,56],{"class":55},[37,83879,83880],{"class":59},"no words found",[37,83882,56],{"class":55},[37,83884,85],{"class":51},[37,83886,83887,83889,83891,83893],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,83888,92],{"class":91},[37,83890,95],{"class":51},[37,83892,2397],{"class":102},[37,83894,85],{"class":51},[20,83896,112],{},[28,83898,83900],{"className":30,"code":83899,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"no words found\n",[15,83901,83902],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83903,83904],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83905,83899],{"class":43},[20,83907,83908],{},"Important:",[135,83910,83911,83919],{},[138,83912,83913,83915,83916],{},[15,83914,83023],{}," works with ",[15,83917,83918],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[138,83920,41007,83921,83923,83924],{},[110,83922,711],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83925,83926],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[130,83928,48081],{"id":48080},[20,83930,83931,83932,292],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83933,82668],{},[307,83935,83937,83939],{"id":83936},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83938,40805],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83941,83942,83943,46006,83945,292],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83944,83023],{},[15,83946,40805],{},[28,83948,83950],{"className":30,"code":83949,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83951,83952,83960],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83953,83954,83956,83958],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83955,207],{"class":43},[37,83957,48],{"class":47},[37,83959,7958],{"class":51},[37,83961,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,83963,92],{"class":91},[37,83965,95],{"class":51},[37,83967,82727],{"class":91},[37,83969,95],{"class":51},[37,83971,246],{"class":102},[37,83973,106],{"class":51},[20,83975,29788],{},[28,83977,83979],{"className":30,"code":83978,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83980,83981],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,83982,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991,83994,83996],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,83984,40805],{"class":756},[37,83986,3013],{"class":51},[37,83988,83074],{"class":91},[37,83990,7487],{"class":51},[37,83992,83993],{"class":43}," arg ",[37,83995,12306],{"class":47},[37,83997,83998],{"class":43}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84000,84001,84002,3013],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84003,83023],{},[28,84005,84007],{"className":30,"code":84006,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84008,84009,84017],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84010,84011,84013,84015],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84012,207],{"class":43},[37,84014,48],{"class":47},[37,84016,7958],{"class":51},[37,84018,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84020,92],{"class":91},[37,84022,95],{"class":51},[37,84024,82727],{"class":91},[37,84026,95],{"class":51},[37,84028,246],{"class":102},[37,84030,65],{"class":51},[37,84032,26629],{"class":9294},[37,84034,48],{"class":47},[37,84036,3904],{"class":3977},[37,84038,106],{"class":51},[20,84040,84041,84042,292],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[285,84043,65930],{"href":72965},[307,84045,84047,84049],{"id":84046},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84048,3133],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84051,84052,84053,292],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84054,3133],{},[28,84056,84058],{"className":30,"code":84057,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84059,84060,84084],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84061,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84063,670],{"class":43},[37,84065,48],{"class":47},[37,84067,519],{"class":51},[37,84069,214],{"class":122},[37,84071,65],{"class":51},[37,84073,68],{"class":55},[37,84075,15863],{"class":59},[37,84077,56],{"class":55},[37,84079,65],{"class":51},[37,84081,224],{"class":122},[37,84083,3760],{"class":51},[37,84085,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094,84096],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84087,92],{"class":91},[37,84089,95],{"class":51},[37,84091,82727],{"class":91},[37,84093,95],{"class":51},[37,84095,687],{"class":102},[37,84097,106],{"class":51},[20,84099,84100],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84102,84103],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[28,84105,84107],{"className":30,"code":84106,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84108,84109,84129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84110,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84112,670],{"class":43},[37,84114,48],{"class":47},[37,84116,519],{"class":51},[37,84118,214],{"class":122},[37,84120,65],{"class":51},[37,84122,219],{"class":122},[37,84124,65],{"class":51},[37,84126,224],{"class":122},[37,84128,3760],{"class":51},[37,84130,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84132,92],{"class":91},[37,84134,95],{"class":51},[37,84136,82727],{"class":91},[37,84138,95],{"class":51},[37,84140,687],{"class":102},[37,84142,106],{"class":51},[20,84144,84145,84146,292],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[285,84147,84149],{"href":84148},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[307,84151,84153,84155],{"id":84152},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84154,3133],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84157,84158,84160],{},[15,84159,82668],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[28,84162,84164],{"className":30,"code":84163,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(max())\n",[15,84165,84166],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84167,84168,84170,84172,84174],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84169,92],{"class":91},[37,84171,95],{"class":51},[37,84173,82727],{"class":91},[37,84175,7315],{"class":51},[20,84177,3130,84178,292],{},[15,84179,3133],{},[130,84181,84183,10700,84185],{"id":84182},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84184,82668],{},[15,84186,74511],{},[20,84188,84189],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84191,84192,3013],{},[15,84193,82668],{},[135,84195,84196],{},[138,84197,84198],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84200,84201,3013],{},[15,84202,74511],{},[135,84204,84205],{},[138,84206,84207],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84209,197],{},[28,84211,84213],{"className":30,"code":84212,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84214,84215,84239,84243,84257],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84216,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84218,207],{"class":43},[37,84220,48],{"class":47},[37,84222,519],{"class":51},[37,84224,1129],{"class":122},[37,84226,65],{"class":51},[37,84228,6481],{"class":122},[37,84230,65],{"class":51},[37,84232,890],{"class":122},[37,84234,65],{"class":51},[37,84236,527],{"class":122},[37,84238,3760],{"class":51},[37,84240,84241],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84242,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,84244,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,84246,92],{"class":91},[37,84248,95],{"class":51},[37,84250,82727],{"class":91},[37,84252,95],{"class":51},[37,84254,246],{"class":102},[37,84256,106],{"class":51},[37,84258,84259,84261,84263,84265,84267,84269],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,84260,92],{"class":91},[37,84262,95],{"class":51},[37,84264,74601],{"class":91},[37,84266,95],{"class":51},[37,84268,246],{"class":102},[37,84270,106],{"class":51},[20,84272,112],{},[28,84274,84276],{"className":30,"code":84275,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84277,84278,84282],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84279,84280],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84281,2514],{"class":122},[37,84283,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84285,1067],{"class":51},[37,84287,508],{"class":122},[37,84289,65],{"class":51},[37,84291,513],{"class":122},[37,84293,65],{"class":51},[37,84295,527],{"class":122},[37,84297,65],{"class":51},[37,84299,6481],{"class":122},[37,84301,3760],{"class":51},[20,84303,22,84304,84306],{},[15,84305,82668],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84308,22,84309,84313],{},[285,84310,84311],{"href":74608},[15,84312,74511],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84315,84316,84317,292],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[285,84318,84320],{"href":84319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84321,84322],{},"min()",[130,84324,1854],{"id":1853},[20,84326,84327],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[135,84329,84330,84337,84340,84345,84348],{},[138,84331,29757,84332,84334,84335],{},[15,84333,82668],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84336,83023],{},[138,84338,84339],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[138,84341,1880,84342,84344],{},[15,84343,82668],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[138,84346,84347],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[138,84349,1872,84350,84352],{},[15,84351,83023],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84354,11228],{},[28,84356,84358],{"className":30,"code":84357,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84359,84360,84370,84384,84398,84412,84434],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84361,84362,84364,84366,84368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84363,92],{"class":91},[37,84365,95],{"class":51},[37,84367,687],{"class":102},[37,84369,85],{"class":51},[37,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84373,92],{"class":91},[37,84375,95],{"class":51},[37,84377,757],{"class":756},[37,84379,95],{"class":51},[37,84381,687],{"class":102},[37,84383,106],{"class":51},[37,84385,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,84387,92],{"class":91},[37,84389,95],{"class":51},[37,84391,17],{"class":91},[37,84393,95],{"class":51},[37,84395,687],{"class":102},[37,84397,106],{"class":51},[37,84399,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,84401,92],{"class":91},[37,84403,95],{"class":51},[37,84405,82727],{"class":91},[37,84407,95],{"class":51},[37,84409,687],{"class":102},[37,84411,106],{"class":51},[37,84413,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,84415,92],{"class":91},[37,84417,95],{"class":51},[37,84419,82727],{"class":91},[37,84421,95],{"class":51},[37,84423,687],{"class":102},[37,84425,65],{"class":51},[37,84427,26629],{"class":9294},[37,84429,48],{"class":47},[37,84431,3904],{"class":3977},[37,84433,106],{"class":51},[37,84435,84436,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,84437,92],{"class":91},[37,84439,3115],{"class":51},[37,84441,757],{"class":756},[37,84443,95],{"class":51},[37,84445,900],{"class":102},[37,84447,18],{"class":51},[37,84449,4002],{"class":1483},[37,84451,4005],{"class":102},[37,84453,1773],{"class":1483},[37,84455,6087],{"class":102},[37,84457,530],{"class":51},[20,84459,84460],{},"These are useful for checking:",[135,84462,84463,84468,84473,84476],{},[138,84464,84465,84466],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84467,687],{},[138,84469,79838,84470,84472],{},[15,84471,687],{}," is a list or some other type",[138,84474,84475],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[138,84477,84478],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84480,69437,84481,84484,84485,84487],{},[15,84482,84483],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84486,687],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[130,84489,1969],{"id":1968},[307,84491,5262,84493,5265],{"id":84492},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84494,82668],{},[20,84496,84497],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[307,84499,5290,84501,84503],{"id":84500},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84502,82668],{}," work with strings?",[20,84505,84506],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[307,84508,71733],{"id":71732},[20,84510,84511,52586,84513,84515,84516,84518],{},[15,84512,82668],{},[15,84514,40805],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84517,83023],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[307,84520,84522,84523,2623],{"id":84521},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84524,82668],{},[20,84526,22,84527,3013],{},[15,84528,83576],{},[28,84530,84531],{"className":30,"code":83504,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,84532,84533,84565],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84534,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84536,965],{"class":43},[37,84538,48],{"class":47},[37,84540,519],{"class":51},[37,84542,56],{"class":55},[37,84544,37149],{"class":59},[37,84546,56],{"class":55},[37,84548,65],{"class":51},[37,84550,68],{"class":55},[37,84552,68416],{"class":59},[37,84554,56],{"class":55},[37,84556,65],{"class":51},[37,84558,68],{"class":55},[37,84560,58219],{"class":59},[37,84562,56],{"class":55},[37,84564,3760],{"class":51},[37,84566,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84568,92],{"class":91},[37,84570,95],{"class":51},[37,84572,82727],{"class":91},[37,84574,95],{"class":51},[37,84576,999],{"class":102},[37,84578,65],{"class":51},[37,84580,21686],{"class":9294},[37,84582,48],{"class":47},[37,84584,17],{"class":91},[37,84586,106],{"class":51},[307,84588,5300,84590,851,84592,2623],{"id":84589},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84591,82668],{},[15,84593,74511],{},[20,84595,84596,84598,84599,84601],{},[15,84597,82668],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84600,74511],{}," returns all items in order.",[130,84603,2025],{"id":2024},[135,84605,84606,84612,84618,84624,84628,84632],{},[138,84607,84608],{},[285,84609,84610,291],{"href":84319},[15,84611,84322],{},[138,84613,84614],{},[285,84615,84616,291],{"href":74608},[15,84617,74511],{},[138,84619,84620],{},[285,84621,84622,291],{"href":287},[15,84623,25],{},[138,84625,84626],{},[285,84627,59048],{"href":59047},[138,84629,84630],{},[285,84631,65930],{"href":72965},[138,84633,84634],{},[285,84635,84149],{"href":84148},[2052,84637,84638],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":84640},[84641,84642,84644,84645,84647,84649,84651,84656,84658,84666,84668,84669,84680],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":82858,"depth":88,"text":84643},"What max() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":83027,"depth":88,"text":84646},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83197,"depth":88,"text":84648},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83332,"depth":88,"text":84650},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78789,"depth":88,"text":79987,"children":84652},[84653,84654,84655],{"id":83500,"depth":251,"text":83501},{"id":83589,"depth":251,"text":83590},{"id":83671,"depth":251,"text":83672},{"id":83778,"depth":88,"text":84657},"Using the default argument",{"id":48080,"depth":88,"text":48081,"children":84659},[84660,84662,84664],{"id":83936,"depth":251,"text":84661},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84046,"depth":251,"text":84663},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84152,"depth":251,"text":84665},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84182,"depth":88,"text":84667},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":84670},[84671,84673,84675,84676,84678],{"id":84492,"depth":251,"text":84672},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84500,"depth":251,"text":84674},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71732,"depth":251,"text":71733},{"id":84521,"depth":251,"text":84677},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84589,"depth":251,"text":84679},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82660,"description":84681},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84688,"title":84689,"body":84690,"description":86644,"extension":2099,"meta":86645,"navigation":254,"path":86646,"seo":86647,"stem":86648,"__hash__":86649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84691,"toc":86601},[84692,84697,84702,84708,84710,84784,84786,84799,84804,84809,84825,84829,84834,84910,84916,84919,84962,84964,84972,84978,84981,85012,85014,85022,85028,85033,85092,85094,85103,85106,85116,85122,85127,85162,85164,85172,85178,85184,85189,85233,85235,85244,85247,85287,85289,85298,85301,85313,85318,85323,85374,85376,85385,85388,85439,85441,85450,85453,85460,85466,85471,85473,85488,85492,85552,85554,85563,85567,85739,85741,85778,85785,85791,85794,85821,85823,85844,85849,85884,85886,85894,85897,85900,85916,85921,85923,85927,85933,85937,85964,85967,85977,86017,86021,86024,86067,86069,86078,86081,86086,86155,86157,86165,86170,86174,86177,86228,86230,86238,86241,86304,86306,86314,86317,86322,86326,86339,86346,86354,86356,86358,86388,86394,86495,86505,86507,86512,86515,86520,86523,86525,86533,86541,86549,86556,86564,86566,86598],[10,84693,288,84695,3704],{"id":84694},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84696,84322],{},[20,84698,84699,84701],{},[15,84700,84322],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84703,84704,84705,84707],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84706,84322],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[130,84709,2140],{"id":2139},[28,84711,84713],{"className":30,"code":84712,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84714,84715,84739,84754,84758],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84716,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84718,207],{"class":43},[37,84720,48],{"class":47},[37,84722,519],{"class":51},[37,84724,446],{"class":122},[37,84726,65],{"class":51},[37,84728,890],{"class":122},[37,84730,65],{"class":51},[37,84732,54227],{"class":122},[37,84734,65],{"class":51},[37,84736,5619],{"class":122},[37,84738,3760],{"class":51},[37,84740,84741,84743,84745,84748,84750,84752],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84742,92],{"class":91},[37,84744,95],{"class":51},[37,84746,84747],{"class":91},"min",[37,84749,95],{"class":51},[37,84751,246],{"class":102},[37,84753,106],{"class":51},[37,84755,84756],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,84757,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,84759,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,84761,92],{"class":91},[37,84763,95],{"class":51},[37,84765,84747],{"class":91},[37,84767,95],{"class":51},[37,84769,446],{"class":122},[37,84771,65],{"class":51},[37,84773,890],{"class":122},[37,84775,65],{"class":51},[37,84777,54227],{"class":122},[37,84779,65],{"class":51},[37,84781,5619],{"class":122},[37,84783,106],{"class":51},[20,84785,112],{},[28,84787,84789],{"className":30,"code":84788,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1\n1\n",[15,84790,84791,84795],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84792,84793],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84794,471],{"class":122},[37,84796,84797],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84798,471],{"class":122},[20,84800,22,84801,84803],{},[15,84802,84322],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[130,84805,296,84807,3805],{"id":84806},"what-min-does",[15,84808,84322],{},[135,84810,84811,84816,84819,84822],{},[138,84812,84813,84815],{},[15,84814,84322],{}," returns the smallest item",[138,84817,84818],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[138,84820,84821],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[138,84823,84824],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[130,84826,84828],{"id":84827},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84830,84831,84832,3013],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84833,84322],{},[28,84835,84837],{"className":30,"code":84836,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84838,84839,84849,84874,84892],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84840,84841,84843,84845,84847],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84842,84747],{"class":91},[37,84844,95],{"class":51},[37,84846,3846],{"class":102},[37,84848,85],{"class":51},[37,84850,84851,84853,84855,84858,84860,84863,84865,84868,84870,84872],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84852,84747],{"class":91},[37,84854,95],{"class":51},[37,84856,84857],{"class":102},"value1",[37,84859,65],{"class":51},[37,84861,84862],{"class":102}," value2",[37,84864,65],{"class":51},[37,84866,84867],{"class":102}," value3",[37,84869,65],{"class":51},[37,84871,34561],{"class":91},[37,84873,85],{"class":51},[37,84875,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,84877,84747],{"class":91},[37,84879,95],{"class":51},[37,84881,3846],{"class":102},[37,84883,65],{"class":51},[37,84885,21686],{"class":9294},[37,84887,48],{"class":47},[37,84889,37473],{"class":91},[37,84891,85],{"class":51},[37,84893,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,84895,84747],{"class":91},[37,84897,95],{"class":51},[37,84899,3846],{"class":102},[37,84901,65],{"class":51},[37,84903,26629],{"class":9294},[37,84905,48],{"class":47},[37,84907,37473],{"class":91},[37,84909,85],{"class":51},[307,84911,84913],{"id":84912},"miniterable",[15,84914,84915],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84917,84918],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[28,84920,84922],{"className":30,"code":84921,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84923,84924,84948],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84925,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84927,207],{"class":43},[37,84929,48],{"class":47},[37,84931,519],{"class":51},[37,84933,2478],{"class":122},[37,84935,65],{"class":51},[37,84937,513],{"class":122},[37,84939,65],{"class":51},[37,84941,31051],{"class":122},[37,84943,65],{"class":51},[37,84945,5619],{"class":122},[37,84947,3760],{"class":51},[37,84949,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,84951,92],{"class":91},[37,84953,95],{"class":51},[37,84955,84747],{"class":91},[37,84957,95],{"class":51},[37,84959,246],{"class":102},[37,84961,106],{"class":51},[20,84963,112],{},[28,84965,84966],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,84967,84968],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84969,84970],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84971,471],{"class":122},[307,84973,84975],{"id":84974},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84976,84977],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84979,84980],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[28,84982,84984],{"className":30,"code":84983,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84985,84986],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,84987,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,84989,92],{"class":91},[37,84991,95],{"class":51},[37,84993,84747],{"class":91},[37,84995,95],{"class":51},[37,84997,2478],{"class":122},[37,84999,65],{"class":51},[37,85001,513],{"class":122},[37,85003,65],{"class":51},[37,85005,31051],{"class":122},[37,85007,65],{"class":51},[37,85009,5619],{"class":122},[37,85011,106],{"class":51},[20,85013,112],{},[28,85015,85016],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,85017,85018],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85019,85020],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85021,471],{"class":122},[307,85023,85025],{"id":85024},"miniterable-key",[15,85026,85027],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85029,22,85030,85032],{},[15,85031,14951],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[28,85034,85036],{"className":30,"code":85035,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85037,85038,85070],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85039,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85041,965],{"class":43},[37,85043,48],{"class":47},[37,85045,519],{"class":51},[37,85047,56],{"class":55},[37,85049,78831],{"class":59},[37,85051,56],{"class":55},[37,85053,65],{"class":51},[37,85055,68],{"class":55},[37,85057,38443],{"class":59},[37,85059,56],{"class":55},[37,85061,65],{"class":51},[37,85063,68],{"class":55},[37,85065,338],{"class":59},[37,85067,56],{"class":55},[37,85069,3760],{"class":51},[37,85071,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85073,92],{"class":91},[37,85075,95],{"class":51},[37,85077,84747],{"class":91},[37,85079,95],{"class":51},[37,85081,999],{"class":102},[37,85083,65],{"class":51},[37,85085,21686],{"class":9294},[37,85087,48],{"class":47},[37,85089,17],{"class":91},[37,85091,106],{"class":51},[20,85093,112],{},[28,85095,85097],{"className":30,"code":85096,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"kiwi\n",[15,85098,85099],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85100,85101],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85102,85096],{"class":43},[20,85104,85105],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85107,85108,85109,85111,85112,292],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85110,25],{},", see the ",[285,85113,85114,291],{"href":287},[15,85115,25],{},[307,85117,85119],{"id":85118},"miniterable-default",[15,85120,85121],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85123,22,85124,85126],{},[15,85125,83023],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[28,85128,85130],{"className":30,"code":85129,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85131,85132,85140],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85133,85134,85136,85138],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85135,207],{"class":43},[37,85137,48],{"class":47},[37,85139,7958],{"class":51},[37,85141,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85143,92],{"class":91},[37,85145,95],{"class":51},[37,85147,84747],{"class":91},[37,85149,95],{"class":51},[37,85151,246],{"class":102},[37,85153,65],{"class":51},[37,85155,26629],{"class":9294},[37,85157,48],{"class":47},[37,85159,1070],{"class":122},[37,85161,106],{"class":51},[20,85163,112],{},[28,85165,85166],{"className":30,"code":419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,85167,85168],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85169,85170],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85171,419],{"class":122},[20,85173,85174,85175,85177],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85176,40805],{}," when there is no item to return.",[130,85179,1872,85181,85183],{"id":85180},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85182,84322],{}," with numbers",[20,85185,85186,85188],{},[15,85187,84322],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[28,85190,85192],{"className":30,"code":85191,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85193,85194,85219],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85195,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85197,5183],{"class":43},[37,85199,48],{"class":47},[37,85201,519],{"class":51},[37,85203,51596],{"class":122},[37,85205,65],{"class":51},[37,85207,85208],{"class":122}," 72",[37,85210,65],{"class":51},[37,85212,29013],{"class":122},[37,85214,65],{"class":51},[37,85216,76187],{"class":122},[37,85218,3760],{"class":51},[37,85220,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229,85231],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85222,92],{"class":91},[37,85224,95],{"class":51},[37,85226,84747],{"class":91},[37,85228,95],{"class":51},[37,85230,16498],{"class":102},[37,85232,106],{"class":51},[20,85234,112],{},[28,85236,85238],{"className":30,"code":85237,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"60\n",[15,85239,85240],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85241,85242],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85243,85237],{"class":122},[20,85245,85246],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[28,85248,85250],{"className":30,"code":85249,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85251,85252,85273],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85253,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85267,85269,85271],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85255,83135],{"class":43},[37,85257,48],{"class":47},[37,85259,519],{"class":51},[37,85261,40499],{"class":122},[37,85263,65],{"class":51},[37,85265,85266],{"class":122}," 5.49",[37,85268,65],{"class":51},[37,85270,83151],{"class":122},[37,85272,3760],{"class":51},[37,85274,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85276,92],{"class":91},[37,85278,95],{"class":51},[37,85280,84747],{"class":91},[37,85282,95],{"class":51},[37,85284,83171],{"class":102},[37,85286,106],{"class":51},[20,85288,112],{},[28,85290,85292],{"className":30,"code":85291,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5.49\n",[15,85293,85294],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85295,85296],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85297,85291],{"class":122},[20,85299,85300],{},"This is useful for things like:",[135,85302,85303,85305,85307,85310],{},[138,85304,16498],{},[138,85306,83171],{},[138,85308,85309],{},"measurements",[138,85311,85312],{},"ages",[130,85314,1872,85316,47154],{"id":85315},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85317,84322],{},[20,85319,85320,85322],{},[15,85321,84322],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[28,85324,85326],{"className":30,"code":85325,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85327,85328,85360],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85329,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85331,965],{"class":43},[37,85333,48],{"class":47},[37,85335,519],{"class":51},[37,85337,56],{"class":55},[37,85339,338],{"class":59},[37,85341,56],{"class":55},[37,85343,65],{"class":51},[37,85345,68],{"class":55},[37,85347,329],{"class":59},[37,85349,56],{"class":55},[37,85351,65],{"class":51},[37,85353,68],{"class":55},[37,85355,4218],{"class":59},[37,85357,56],{"class":55},[37,85359,3760],{"class":51},[37,85361,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85363,92],{"class":91},[37,85365,95],{"class":51},[37,85367,84747],{"class":91},[37,85369,95],{"class":51},[37,85371,999],{"class":102},[37,85373,106],{"class":51},[20,85375,112],{},[28,85377,85379],{"className":30,"code":85378,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"apple\n",[15,85380,85381],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85382,85383],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85384,85378],{"class":43},[20,85386,85387],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[28,85389,85391],{"className":30,"code":85390,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85392,85393,85425],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85394,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85396,965],{"class":43},[37,85398,48],{"class":47},[37,85400,519],{"class":51},[37,85402,56],{"class":55},[37,85404,338],{"class":59},[37,85406,56],{"class":55},[37,85408,65],{"class":51},[37,85410,68],{"class":55},[37,85412,57860],{"class":59},[37,85414,56],{"class":55},[37,85416,65],{"class":51},[37,85418,68],{"class":55},[37,85420,4218],{"class":59},[37,85422,56],{"class":55},[37,85424,3760],{"class":51},[37,85426,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85428,92],{"class":91},[37,85430,95],{"class":51},[37,85432,84747],{"class":91},[37,85434,95],{"class":51},[37,85436,999],{"class":102},[37,85438,106],{"class":51},[20,85440,112],{},[28,85442,85444],{"className":30,"code":85443,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Apple\n",[15,85445,85446],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85447,85448],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85449,85443],{"class":43},[20,85451,85452],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85454,85455,85456,292],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[285,85457,85458,5905],{"href":74608},[15,85459,74511],{},[130,85461,1872,85463,85465],{"id":85462},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85464,84322],{}," with a key function",[20,85467,1531,85468,85470],{},[15,85469,14951],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85472,181],{},[135,85474,85475,85480,85485],{},[138,85476,85477,85479],{},[15,85478,14951],{}," changes the comparison rule",[138,85481,85482,85484],{},[15,85483,84322],{}," still returns the original item",[138,85486,85487],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[307,85489,85491],{"id":85490},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[28,85493,85495],{"className":30,"code":85494,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85496,85497,85530],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85498,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85526,85528],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85500,965],{"class":43},[37,85502,48],{"class":47},[37,85504,519],{"class":51},[37,85506,56],{"class":55},[37,85508,68416],{"class":59},[37,85510,56],{"class":55},[37,85512,65],{"class":51},[37,85514,68],{"class":55},[37,85516,37149],{"class":59},[37,85518,56],{"class":55},[37,85520,65],{"class":51},[37,85522,68],{"class":55},[37,85524,85525],{"class":59},"giraffe",[37,85527,56],{"class":55},[37,85529,3760],{"class":51},[37,85531,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85533,92],{"class":91},[37,85535,95],{"class":51},[37,85537,84747],{"class":91},[37,85539,95],{"class":51},[37,85541,999],{"class":102},[37,85543,65],{"class":51},[37,85545,21686],{"class":9294},[37,85547,48],{"class":47},[37,85549,17],{"class":91},[37,85551,106],{"class":51},[20,85553,112],{},[28,85555,85557],{"className":30,"code":85556,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"cat\n",[15,85558,85559],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85560,85561],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85562,85556],{"class":43},[307,85564,85566],{"id":85565},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[28,85568,85570],{"className":30,"code":85569,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85571,85572,85582,85617,85649,85681,85685,85689,85728],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85573,85574,85577,85579],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85575,85576],{"class":43},"students ",[37,85578,48],{"class":47},[37,85580,85581],{"class":51}," [\n",[37,85583,85584,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85608,85610,85612,85614],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85585,85586],{"class":51},"    {",[37,85588,56],{"class":55},[37,85590,7790],{"class":59},[37,85592,56],{"class":55},[37,85594,3013],{"class":51},[37,85596,68],{"class":55},[37,85598,1646],{"class":59},[37,85600,56],{"class":55},[37,85602,65],{"class":51},[37,85604,68],{"class":55},[37,85606,85607],{"class":59},"score",[37,85609,56],{"class":55},[37,85611,3013],{"class":51},[37,85613,13616],{"class":122},[37,85615,85616],{"class":51},"},\n",[37,85618,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,85620,85586],{"class":51},[37,85622,56],{"class":55},[37,85624,7790],{"class":59},[37,85626,56],{"class":55},[37,85628,3013],{"class":51},[37,85630,68],{"class":55},[37,85632,36050],{"class":59},[37,85634,56],{"class":55},[37,85636,65],{"class":51},[37,85638,68],{"class":55},[37,85640,85607],{"class":59},[37,85642,56],{"class":55},[37,85644,3013],{"class":51},[37,85646,85208],{"class":122},[37,85648,85616],{"class":51},[37,85650,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,85652,85586],{"class":51},[37,85654,56],{"class":55},[37,85656,7790],{"class":59},[37,85658,56],{"class":55},[37,85660,3013],{"class":51},[37,85662,68],{"class":55},[37,85664,36059],{"class":59},[37,85666,56],{"class":55},[37,85668,65],{"class":51},[37,85670,68],{"class":55},[37,85672,85607],{"class":59},[37,85674,56],{"class":55},[37,85676,3013],{"class":51},[37,85678,20006],{"class":122},[37,85680,9424],{"class":51},[37,85682,85683],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,85684,3760],{"class":51},[37,85686,85687],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,85688,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,85690,85691,85694,85696,85699,85701,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,85692,85693],{"class":43},"lowest ",[37,85695,48],{"class":47},[37,85697,85698],{"class":91}," min",[37,85700,95],{"class":51},[37,85702,85703],{"class":102},"students",[37,85705,65],{"class":51},[37,85707,21686],{"class":9294},[37,85709,48],{"class":47},[37,85711,37761],{"class":811},[37,85713,13018],{"class":37764},[37,85715,3013],{"class":51},[37,85717,13018],{"class":102},[37,85719,1067],{"class":51},[37,85721,56],{"class":55},[37,85723,85607],{"class":59},[37,85725,56],{"class":55},[37,85727,530],{"class":51},[37,85729,85730,85732,85734,85737],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,85731,92],{"class":91},[37,85733,95],{"class":51},[37,85735,85736],{"class":102},"lowest",[37,85738,85],{"class":51},[20,85740,112],{},[28,85742,85744],{"className":30,"code":85743,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85745,85746],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85747,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85749,9394],{"class":51},[37,85751,821],{"class":55},[37,85753,7790],{"class":59},[37,85755,821],{"class":55},[37,85757,3013],{"class":51},[37,85759,815],{"class":55},[37,85761,36050],{"class":59},[37,85763,821],{"class":55},[37,85765,65],{"class":51},[37,85767,815],{"class":55},[37,85769,85607],{"class":59},[37,85771,821],{"class":55},[37,85773,3013],{"class":51},[37,85775,85208],{"class":122},[37,85777,9424],{"class":51},[20,85779,85780,85781,85784],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85782,85783],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[130,85786,1872,85788,85790],{"id":85787},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85789,83023],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85792,85793],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[28,85795,85797],{"className":30,"code":85796,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85798,85799,85807],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85800,85801,85803,85805],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85802,207],{"class":43},[37,85804,48],{"class":47},[37,85806,7958],{"class":51},[37,85808,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85810,92],{"class":91},[37,85812,95],{"class":51},[37,85814,84747],{"class":91},[37,85816,95],{"class":51},[37,85818,246],{"class":102},[37,85820,106],{"class":51},[20,85822,112],{},[28,85824,85826],{"className":30,"code":85825,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85827,85828],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85829,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85831,40805],{"class":756},[37,85833,3013],{"class":51},[37,85835,85698],{"class":91},[37,85837,7487],{"class":51},[37,85839,83993],{"class":43},[37,85841,12306],{"class":47},[37,85843,83998],{"class":43},[20,85845,85846,85847,3013],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85848,83023],{},[28,85850,85852],{"className":30,"code":85851,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85853,85854,85862],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85855,85856,85858,85860],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85857,207],{"class":43},[37,85859,48],{"class":47},[37,85861,7958],{"class":51},[37,85863,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85865,92],{"class":91},[37,85867,95],{"class":51},[37,85869,84747],{"class":91},[37,85871,95],{"class":51},[37,85873,246],{"class":102},[37,85875,65],{"class":51},[37,85877,26629],{"class":9294},[37,85879,48],{"class":47},[37,85881,3904],{"class":3977},[37,85883,106],{"class":51},[20,85885,112],{},[28,85887,85888],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,85889,85890],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85891,85892],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85893,11920],{"class":3977},[20,85895,85896],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85898,85899],{},"Remember:",[135,85901,85902,85910],{},[138,85903,85904,85906,85907,85909],{},[15,85905,83023],{}," works only when ",[15,85908,84322],{}," gets one iterable argument",[138,85911,85912,85913],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85914,85915],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85917,85918,85919,292],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[285,85920,65930],{"href":72965},[130,85922,10860],{"id":10859},[20,85924,56867,85925,292],{},[15,85926,84322],{},[307,85928,85930,85931],{"id":85929},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85932,83023],{},[20,85934,3130,85935,3013],{},[15,85936,40805],{},[28,85938,85940],{"className":30,"code":85939,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85941,85942,85950],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85943,85944,85946,85948],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85945,670],{"class":43},[37,85947,48],{"class":47},[37,85949,7958],{"class":51},[37,85951,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960,85962],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85953,92],{"class":91},[37,85955,95],{"class":51},[37,85957,84747],{"class":91},[37,85959,95],{"class":51},[37,85961,687],{"class":102},[37,85963,106],{"class":51},[20,85965,85966],{},"Fix it by:",[135,85968,85969,85972],{},[138,85970,85971],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[138,85973,85974,85975],{},"or using ",[15,85976,83023],{},[28,85978,85980],{"className":30,"code":85979,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85981,85982,85990],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,85983,85984,85986,85988],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,85985,670],{"class":43},[37,85987,48],{"class":47},[37,85989,7958],{"class":51},[37,85991,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010,86013,86015],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,85993,92],{"class":91},[37,85995,95],{"class":51},[37,85997,84747],{"class":91},[37,85999,95],{"class":51},[37,86001,687],{"class":102},[37,86003,65],{"class":51},[37,86005,26629],{"class":9294},[37,86007,48],{"class":47},[37,86009,56],{"class":55},[37,86011,86012],{"class":59},"no items",[37,86014,56],{"class":55},[37,86016,106],{"class":51},[307,86018,86020],{"id":86019},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86022,86023],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[28,86025,86027],{"className":30,"code":86026,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86028,86029,86053],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86030,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86032,494],{"class":43},[37,86034,48],{"class":47},[37,86036,519],{"class":51},[37,86038,214],{"class":122},[37,86040,65],{"class":51},[37,86042,68],{"class":55},[37,86044,15863],{"class":59},[37,86046,56],{"class":55},[37,86048,65],{"class":51},[37,86050,527],{"class":122},[37,86052,3760],{"class":51},[37,86054,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86056,92],{"class":91},[37,86058,95],{"class":51},[37,86060,84747],{"class":91},[37,86062,95],{"class":51},[37,86064,543],{"class":102},[37,86066,106],{"class":51},[20,86068,112],{},[28,86070,86072],{"className":30,"code":86071,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"TypeError\n",[15,86073,86074],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86075,86076],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86077,86071],{"class":756},[20,86079,86080],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86082,86083,86084,292],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86085,84322],{},[28,86087,86089],{"className":30,"code":86088,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86090,86091,86115,86141],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86092,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86094,494],{"class":43},[37,86096,48],{"class":47},[37,86098,519],{"class":51},[37,86100,214],{"class":122},[37,86102,65],{"class":51},[37,86104,68],{"class":55},[37,86106,15863],{"class":59},[37,86108,56],{"class":55},[37,86110,65],{"class":51},[37,86112,527],{"class":122},[37,86114,3760],{"class":51},[37,86116,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86118,207],{"class":43},[37,86120,48],{"class":47},[37,86122,519],{"class":51},[37,86124,818],{"class":756},[37,86126,95],{"class":51},[37,86128,900],{"class":102},[37,86130,18],{"class":51},[37,86132,4002],{"class":1483},[37,86134,4005],{"class":43},[37,86136,1773],{"class":1483},[37,86138,14676],{"class":43},[37,86140,3760],{"class":51},[37,86142,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,86144,92],{"class":91},[37,86146,95],{"class":51},[37,86148,84747],{"class":91},[37,86150,95],{"class":51},[37,86152,246],{"class":102},[37,86154,106],{"class":51},[20,86156,112],{},[28,86158,86159],{"className":30,"code":3076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,86160,86161],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86162,86163],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86164,3076],{"class":122},[20,86166,86167,86168,292],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86169,3133],{},[307,86171,86173],{"id":86172},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86175,86176],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[28,86178,86180],{"className":30,"code":86179,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86181,86182,86214],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86183,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86185,965],{"class":43},[37,86187,48],{"class":47},[37,86189,519],{"class":51},[37,86191,56],{"class":55},[37,86193,79647],{"class":59},[37,86195,56],{"class":55},[37,86197,65],{"class":51},[37,86199,68],{"class":55},[37,86201,57860],{"class":59},[37,86203,56],{"class":55},[37,86205,65],{"class":51},[37,86207,68],{"class":55},[37,86209,79664],{"class":59},[37,86211,56],{"class":55},[37,86213,3760],{"class":51},[37,86215,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86217,92],{"class":91},[37,86219,95],{"class":51},[37,86221,84747],{"class":91},[37,86223,95],{"class":51},[37,86225,999],{"class":102},[37,86227,106],{"class":51},[20,86229,112],{},[28,86231,86232],{"className":30,"code":85443,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,86233,86234],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86235,86236],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86237,85443],{"class":43},[20,86239,86240],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[28,86242,86244],{"className":30,"code":86243,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86245,86246,86278],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86247,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86249,965],{"class":43},[37,86251,48],{"class":47},[37,86253,519],{"class":51},[37,86255,56],{"class":55},[37,86257,79647],{"class":59},[37,86259,56],{"class":55},[37,86261,65],{"class":51},[37,86263,68],{"class":55},[37,86265,57860],{"class":59},[37,86267,56],{"class":55},[37,86269,65],{"class":51},[37,86271,68],{"class":55},[37,86273,79664],{"class":59},[37,86275,56],{"class":55},[37,86277,3760],{"class":51},[37,86279,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86281,92],{"class":91},[37,86283,95],{"class":51},[37,86285,84747],{"class":91},[37,86287,95],{"class":51},[37,86289,999],{"class":102},[37,86291,65],{"class":51},[37,86293,21686],{"class":9294},[37,86295,48],{"class":47},[37,86297,3569],{"class":756},[37,86299,292],{"class":51},[37,86301,8758],{"class":24857},[37,86303,106],{"class":51},[20,86305,112],{},[28,86307,86308],{"className":30,"code":85443,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,86309,86310],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86311,86312],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86313,85443],{"class":43},[20,86315,86316],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[130,86318,5080,86320],{"id":86319},"when-to-use-min",[15,86321,84322],{},[20,86323,22,86324,10716],{},[15,86325,84322],{},[135,86327,86328,86331,86336],{},[138,86329,86330],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[138,86332,86333,86334],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86335,14951],{},[138,86337,86338],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86340,22,86341,86345],{},[285,86342,86343],{"href":74608},[15,86344,74511],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86347,22,86348,86353],{},[285,86349,86351],{"href":86350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86352,82668],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[130,86355,1854],{"id":1853},[20,86357,84327],{},[135,86359,86360,86368,86371,86376,86383],{},[138,86361,86362,86363,86365,86366],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86364,84322],{}," without using ",[15,86367,83023],{},[138,86369,86370],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[138,86372,1880,86373,86375],{},[15,86374,84322],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[138,86377,4823,86378,86380,86381,85484],{},[15,86379,14951],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86382,84322],{},[138,86384,1872,86385,86387],{},[15,86386,83023],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86389,86390,86391,86393],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86392,84322],{},", these quick checks can help:",[28,86395,86397],{"className":30,"code":86396,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86398,86399,86413,86423,86437,86451,86473],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86400,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86402,92],{"class":91},[37,86404,95],{"class":51},[37,86406,757],{"class":756},[37,86408,95],{"class":51},[37,86410,543],{"class":102},[37,86412,106],{"class":51},[37,86414,86415,86417,86419,86421],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86416,92],{"class":91},[37,86418,95],{"class":51},[37,86420,543],{"class":102},[37,86422,85],{"class":51},[37,86424,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,86426,92],{"class":91},[37,86428,95],{"class":51},[37,86430,17],{"class":91},[37,86432,95],{"class":51},[37,86434,543],{"class":102},[37,86436,106],{"class":51},[37,86438,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,86440,92],{"class":91},[37,86442,95],{"class":51},[37,86444,84747],{"class":91},[37,86446,95],{"class":51},[37,86448,543],{"class":102},[37,86450,106],{"class":51},[37,86452,86453,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,86454,92],{"class":91},[37,86456,95],{"class":51},[37,86458,84747],{"class":91},[37,86460,95],{"class":51},[37,86462,543],{"class":102},[37,86464,65],{"class":51},[37,86466,26629],{"class":9294},[37,86468,48],{"class":47},[37,86470,3904],{"class":3977},[37,86472,106],{"class":51},[37,86474,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,86476,92],{"class":91},[37,86478,95],{"class":51},[37,86480,84747],{"class":91},[37,86482,95],{"class":51},[37,86484,999],{"class":102},[37,86486,65],{"class":51},[37,86488,21686],{"class":9294},[37,86490,48],{"class":47},[37,86492,17],{"class":91},[37,86494,106],{"class":51},[20,86496,86497,86498,86501,86502,86504],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86499,86500],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86503,543],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[130,86506,1969],{"id":1968},[307,86508,5262,86510,5265],{"id":86509},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86511,84322],{},[20,86513,86514],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[307,86516,5290,86518,84503],{"id":86517},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86519,84322],{},[20,86521,86522],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[307,86524,71733],{"id":71732},[20,86526,86527,52586,86529,84515,86531,36723],{},[15,86528,84322],{},[15,86530,40805],{},[15,86532,83023],{},[307,86534,5262,86536,86538,86539,2623],{"id":86535},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86537,14951],{}," do in ",[15,86540,84322],{},[20,86542,86543,86545,86546,86548],{},[15,86544,14951],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86547,83576],{}," compares strings by length.",[307,86550,5300,86552,851,86554,2623],{"id":86551},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86553,84322],{},[15,86555,74511],{},[20,86557,86558,86560,86561,86563],{},[15,86559,84322],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86562,74511],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[130,86565,2025],{"id":2024},[135,86567,86568,86574,86580,86586,86590,86594],{},[138,86569,86570],{},[285,86571,86572,291],{"href":86350},[15,86573,82668],{},[138,86575,86576],{},[285,86577,86578,291],{"href":74608},[15,86579,74511],{},[138,86581,86582],{},[285,86583,86584,291],{"href":287},[15,86585,25],{},[138,86587,86588],{},[285,86589,79960],{"href":78463},[138,86591,86592],{},[285,86593,59048],{"href":59047},[138,86595,86596],{},[285,86597,65930],{"href":72965},[2052,86599,86600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":86602},[86603,86604,86606,86612,86614,86616,86621,86623,86629,86631,86632,86643],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":84806,"depth":88,"text":86605},"What min() does",{"id":84827,"depth":88,"text":84828,"children":86607},[86608,86609,86610,86611],{"id":84912,"depth":251,"text":84915},{"id":84974,"depth":251,"text":84977},{"id":85024,"depth":251,"text":85027},{"id":85118,"depth":251,"text":85121},{"id":85180,"depth":88,"text":86613},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85315,"depth":88,"text":86615},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85462,"depth":88,"text":86617,"children":86618},"Using min() with a key function",[86619,86620],{"id":85490,"depth":251,"text":85491},{"id":85565,"depth":251,"text":85566},{"id":85787,"depth":88,"text":86622},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10859,"depth":88,"text":10860,"children":86624},[86625,86627,86628],{"id":85929,"depth":251,"text":86626},"Empty list without default",{"id":86019,"depth":251,"text":86020},{"id":86172,"depth":251,"text":86173},{"id":86319,"depth":88,"text":86630},"When to use min()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":86633},[86634,86636,86638,86639,86641],{"id":86509,"depth":251,"text":86635},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86517,"depth":251,"text":86637},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71732,"depth":251,"text":71733},{"id":86535,"depth":251,"text":86640},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86551,"depth":251,"text":86642},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84689,"description":86644},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86651,"title":86652,"body":86653,"description":88832,"extension":2099,"meta":88833,"navigation":254,"path":88834,"seo":88835,"stem":88836,"__hash__":88837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86654,"toc":88796},[86655,86658,86664,86670,86672,86753,86762,86766,86771,86773,86818,86820,86900,86906,86908,86911,86943,86945,86963,86965,87038,87040,87059,87063,87066,87102,87104,87171,87245,87318,87323,87327,87333,87336,87353,87356,87358,87419,87421,87441,87447,87451,87454,87524,87527,87546,87551,87627,87630,87634,87640,87644,87649,87719,87723,87728,87802,87806,87809,87884,87895,87899,87904,87994,87999,88067,88070,88089,88100,88104,88107,88112,88115,88177,88180,88191,88196,88199,88202,88207,88210,88213,88217,88220,88226,88229,88240,88242,88304,88319,88325,88328,88331,88342,88353,88359,88362,88364,88426,88436,88442,88447,88453,88457,88463,88466,88487,88489,88494,88521,88524,88551,88554,88593,88596,88634,88637,88698,88701,88703,88707,88710,88714,88720,88728,88736,88740,88743,88747,88753,88755,88793],[10,86656,86652],{"id":86657},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86659,86660,86663],{},[15,86661,86662],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86665,86666,86667,86669],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86668,86662],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[130,86671,2140],{"id":2139},[28,86673,86675],{"className":30,"code":86674,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86676,86677,86726,86742],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86678,86679,86682,86685,86687,86689,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86707,86709,86711,86714,86716,86718,86720,86724],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86680,86681],{"class":1483},"with",[37,86683,86684],{"class":91}," open",[37,86686,95],{"class":51},[37,86688,56],{"class":55},[37,86690,86691],{"class":59},"example.txt",[37,86693,56],{"class":55},[37,86695,65],{"class":51},[37,86697,68],{"class":55},[37,86699,60596],{"class":59},[37,86701,56],{"class":55},[37,86703,65],{"class":51},[37,86705,86706],{"class":9294}," encoding",[37,86708,48],{"class":47},[37,86710,56],{"class":55},[37,86712,86713],{"class":59},"utf-8",[37,86715,56],{"class":55},[37,86717,18],{"class":51},[37,86719,47452],{"class":1483},[37,86721,86723],{"class":86722},"sMMDD"," file",[37,86725,1501],{"class":51},[37,86727,86728,86731,86733,86735,86737,86740],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86729,86730],{"class":43},"    content ",[37,86732,48],{"class":47},[37,86734,86723],{"class":86722},[37,86736,292],{"class":51},[37,86738,86739],{"class":102},"read",[37,86741,8761],{"class":51},[37,86743,86744,86746,86748,86751],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,86745,1506],{"class":91},[37,86747,95],{"class":51},[37,86749,86750],{"class":102},"content",[37,86752,85],{"class":51},[20,86754,22,86755,86757,86758,86761],{},[15,86756,86681],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86759,86760],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[130,86763,86765],{"id":86764},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86767,86768,86770],{},[15,86769,86662],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86772,181],{},[135,86774,86775,86778,86783,86788],{},[138,86776,86777],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[138,86779,41007,86780,86782],{},[110,86781,711],{}," read or write anything by itself",[138,86784,17531,86785],{},[110,86786,86787],{},"file object",[138,86789,86790,86791],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[135,86792,86793,86798,86803,86808,86813],{},[138,86794,86795],{},[15,86796,86797],{},"read()",[138,86799,86800],{},[15,86801,86802],{},"readline()",[138,86804,86805],{},[15,86806,86807],{},"readlines()",[138,86809,86810],{},[15,86811,86812],{},"write()",[138,86814,86815],{},[15,86816,86817],{},"close()",[20,86819,197],{},[28,86821,86823],{"className":30,"code":86822,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86824,86825,86864,86879,86889],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86826,86827,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86828,86829],{"class":86722},"file",[37,86831,1342],{"class":47},[37,86833,86684],{"class":91},[37,86835,95],{"class":51},[37,86837,56],{"class":55},[37,86839,86691],{"class":59},[37,86841,56],{"class":55},[37,86843,65],{"class":51},[37,86845,68],{"class":55},[37,86847,60596],{"class":59},[37,86849,56],{"class":55},[37,86851,65],{"class":51},[37,86853,86706],{"class":9294},[37,86855,48],{"class":47},[37,86857,56],{"class":55},[37,86859,86713],{"class":59},[37,86861,56],{"class":55},[37,86863,85],{"class":51},[37,86865,86866,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,86867,86868],{"class":43},"content ",[37,86870,48],{"class":47},[37,86872,86723],{"class":86722},[37,86874,292],{"class":51},[37,86876,86739],{"class":102},[37,86878,8761],{"class":51},[37,86880,86881,86883,86885,86887],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,86882,92],{"class":91},[37,86884,95],{"class":51},[37,86886,86750],{"class":102},[37,86888,85],{"class":51},[37,86890,86891,86893,86895,86898],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,86892,86829],{"class":86722},[37,86894,292],{"class":51},[37,86896,86897],{"class":102},"close",[37,86899,8761],{"class":51},[20,86901,86902,86903,86905],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86904,86681],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[130,86907,159],{"id":158},[20,86909,86910],{},"A common form is:",[28,86912,86914],{"className":30,"code":86913,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86915,86916],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86917,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86919,42525],{"class":91},[37,86921,95],{"class":51},[37,86923,86829],{"class":86722},[37,86925,65],{"class":51},[37,86927,86928],{"class":102}," mode",[37,86930,65],{"class":51},[37,86932,86706],{"class":9294},[37,86934,48],{"class":47},[37,86936,56],{"class":55},[37,86938,86713],{"class":59},[37,86940,56],{"class":55},[37,86942,85],{"class":51},[20,86944,65136],{},[135,86946,86947,86952,86957],{},[138,86948,86949,86951],{},[15,86950,86829],{}," is the file name or file path",[138,86953,86954,86956],{},[15,86955,21025],{}," controls how the file is opened",[138,86958,86959,86962],{},[15,86960,86961],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86964,197],{},[28,86966,86968],{"className":30,"code":86967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86969,86970,87013,87028],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,86973,86681],{"class":1483},[37,86975,86684],{"class":91},[37,86977,95],{"class":51},[37,86979,56],{"class":55},[37,86981,86982],{"class":59},"notes.txt",[37,86984,56],{"class":55},[37,86986,65],{"class":51},[37,86988,68],{"class":55},[37,86990,60596],{"class":59},[37,86992,56],{"class":55},[37,86994,65],{"class":51},[37,86996,86706],{"class":9294},[37,86998,48],{"class":47},[37,87000,56],{"class":55},[37,87002,86713],{"class":59},[37,87004,56],{"class":55},[37,87006,18],{"class":51},[37,87008,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87010,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87012,1501],{"class":51},[37,87014,87015,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87016,87017],{"class":43},"    text ",[37,87019,48],{"class":47},[37,87021,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87023,292],{"class":51},[37,87025,86739],{"class":102},[37,87027,8761],{"class":51},[37,87029,87030,87032,87034,87036],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87031,1506],{"class":91},[37,87033,95],{"class":51},[37,87035,34816],{"class":102},[37,87037,85],{"class":51},[20,87039,560],{},[135,87041,87042,87048,87053],{},[138,87043,87044,87047],{},[15,87045,87046],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[138,87049,87050,87052],{},[15,87051,86760],{}," means open for reading",[138,87054,87055,87058],{},[15,87056,87057],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[130,87060,87062],{"id":87061},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87064,87065],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[135,87067,87068,87073,87079,87084,87090,87096],{},[138,87069,87070,87072],{},[15,87071,86760],{}," = read a text file",[138,87074,87075,87078],{},[15,87076,87077],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[138,87080,87081,87083],{},[15,87082,18203],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[138,87085,87086,87089],{},[15,87087,87088],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[138,87091,87092,87095],{},[15,87093,87094],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[138,87097,87098,87101],{},[15,87099,87100],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87103,2260],{},[28,87105,87107],{"className":30,"code":87106,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87108,87109,87114,87157],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87110,87111],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87112,87113],{"class":3788},"# Read a text file\n",[37,87115,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87117,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87119,86684],{"class":91},[37,87121,95],{"class":51},[37,87123,56],{"class":55},[37,87125,87126],{"class":59},"data.txt",[37,87128,56],{"class":55},[37,87130,65],{"class":51},[37,87132,68],{"class":55},[37,87134,60596],{"class":59},[37,87136,56],{"class":55},[37,87138,65],{"class":51},[37,87140,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87142,48],{"class":47},[37,87144,56],{"class":55},[37,87146,86713],{"class":59},[37,87148,56],{"class":55},[37,87150,18],{"class":51},[37,87152,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87154,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87156,1501],{"class":51},[37,87158,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87160,1506],{"class":91},[37,87162,95],{"class":51},[37,87164,86829],{"class":86722},[37,87166,292],{"class":51},[37,87168,86739],{"class":102},[37,87170,7315],{"class":51},[28,87172,87174],{"className":30,"code":87173,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87175,87176,87181,87223],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87177,87178],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87179,87180],{"class":3788},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[37,87182,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87184,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87186,86684],{"class":91},[37,87188,95],{"class":51},[37,87190,56],{"class":55},[37,87192,87126],{"class":59},[37,87194,56],{"class":55},[37,87196,65],{"class":51},[37,87198,68],{"class":55},[37,87200,60579],{"class":59},[37,87202,56],{"class":55},[37,87204,65],{"class":51},[37,87206,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87208,48],{"class":47},[37,87210,56],{"class":55},[37,87212,86713],{"class":59},[37,87214,56],{"class":55},[37,87216,18],{"class":51},[37,87218,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87220,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87222,1501],{"class":51},[37,87224,87225,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87241,87243],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87226,87227],{"class":86722},"    file",[37,87229,292],{"class":51},[37,87231,70282],{"class":102},[37,87233,95],{"class":51},[37,87235,56],{"class":55},[37,87237,34975],{"class":59},[37,87239,87240],{"class":34560},"\\n",[37,87242,56],{"class":55},[37,87244,85],{"class":51},[28,87246,87248],{"className":30,"code":87247,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87249,87250,87255,87297],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87251,87252],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87253,87254],{"class":3788},"# Append to a text file\n",[37,87256,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87258,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87260,86684],{"class":91},[37,87262,95],{"class":51},[37,87264,56],{"class":55},[37,87266,87126],{"class":59},[37,87268,56],{"class":55},[37,87270,65],{"class":51},[37,87272,68],{"class":55},[37,87274,285],{"class":59},[37,87276,56],{"class":55},[37,87278,65],{"class":51},[37,87280,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87282,48],{"class":47},[37,87284,56],{"class":55},[37,87286,86713],{"class":59},[37,87288,56],{"class":55},[37,87290,18],{"class":51},[37,87292,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87294,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87296,1501],{"class":51},[37,87298,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87312,87314,87316],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87300,87227],{"class":86722},[37,87302,292],{"class":51},[37,87304,70282],{"class":102},[37,87306,95],{"class":51},[37,87308,56],{"class":55},[37,87310,87311],{"class":59},"Another line",[37,87313,87240],{"class":34560},[37,87315,56],{"class":55},[37,87317,85],{"class":51},[20,87319,69437,87320,87322],{},[15,87321,87077],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[130,87324,87326],{"id":87325},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87328,87329,22082,87331,292],{},[15,87330,86662],{},[110,87332,86787],{},[20,87334,87335],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[135,87337,87338,87343,87348],{},[138,87339,87340],{},[15,87341,87342],{},"file.read()",[138,87344,87345],{},[15,87346,87347],{},"file.write()",[138,87349,87350],{},[15,87351,87352],{},"file.close()",[20,87354,87355],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87357,197],{},[28,87359,87361],{"className":30,"code":87360,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87362,87363,87405],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87364,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87366,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87368,86684],{"class":91},[37,87370,95],{"class":51},[37,87372,56],{"class":55},[37,87374,86691],{"class":59},[37,87376,56],{"class":55},[37,87378,65],{"class":51},[37,87380,68],{"class":55},[37,87382,60596],{"class":59},[37,87384,56],{"class":55},[37,87386,65],{"class":51},[37,87388,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87390,48],{"class":47},[37,87392,56],{"class":55},[37,87394,86713],{"class":59},[37,87396,56],{"class":55},[37,87398,18],{"class":51},[37,87400,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87402,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87404,1501],{"class":51},[37,87406,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87408,1506],{"class":91},[37,87410,95],{"class":51},[37,87412,757],{"class":756},[37,87414,95],{"class":51},[37,87416,86829],{"class":86722},[37,87418,106],{"class":51},[20,87420,30137],{},[28,87422,87424],{"className":30,"code":87423,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87425,87426],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87427,87428,87430,87432,87434,87437,87439],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87429,808],{"class":47},[37,87431,812],{"class":811},[37,87433,815],{"class":55},[37,87435,87436],{"class":59},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[37,87438,821],{"class":55},[37,87440,824],{"class":47},[20,87442,87443,87444,87446],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87445,86662],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[130,87448,87450],{"id":87449},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87452,87453],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[28,87455,87456],{"className":30,"code":86674,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,87457,87458,87500,87514],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87459,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87461,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87463,86684],{"class":91},[37,87465,95],{"class":51},[37,87467,56],{"class":55},[37,87469,86691],{"class":59},[37,87471,56],{"class":55},[37,87473,65],{"class":51},[37,87475,68],{"class":55},[37,87477,60596],{"class":59},[37,87479,56],{"class":55},[37,87481,65],{"class":51},[37,87483,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87485,48],{"class":47},[37,87487,56],{"class":55},[37,87489,86713],{"class":59},[37,87491,56],{"class":55},[37,87493,18],{"class":51},[37,87495,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87497,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87499,1501],{"class":51},[37,87501,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87503,86730],{"class":43},[37,87505,48],{"class":47},[37,87507,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87509,292],{"class":51},[37,87511,86739],{"class":102},[37,87513,8761],{"class":51},[37,87515,87516,87518,87520,87522],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87517,1506],{"class":91},[37,87519,95],{"class":51},[37,87521,86750],{"class":102},[37,87523,85],{"class":51},[20,87525,87526],{},"Why this is recommended:",[135,87528,87529,87534,87540,87543],{},[138,87530,87531,87533],{},[15,87532,86681],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[138,87535,87536,87537,87539],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87538,86817],{}," yourself",[138,87541,87542],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[138,87544,87545],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87547,83839,87548,87550],{},[15,87549,86681],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[28,87552,87553],{"className":30,"code":86822,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,87554,87555,87593,87607,87617],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87556,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87558,86829],{"class":86722},[37,87560,1342],{"class":47},[37,87562,86684],{"class":91},[37,87564,95],{"class":51},[37,87566,56],{"class":55},[37,87568,86691],{"class":59},[37,87570,56],{"class":55},[37,87572,65],{"class":51},[37,87574,68],{"class":55},[37,87576,60596],{"class":59},[37,87578,56],{"class":55},[37,87580,65],{"class":51},[37,87582,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87584,48],{"class":47},[37,87586,56],{"class":55},[37,87588,86713],{"class":59},[37,87590,56],{"class":55},[37,87592,85],{"class":51},[37,87594,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87596,86868],{"class":43},[37,87598,48],{"class":47},[37,87600,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87602,292],{"class":51},[37,87604,86739],{"class":102},[37,87606,8761],{"class":51},[37,87608,87609,87611,87613,87615],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87610,92],{"class":91},[37,87612,95],{"class":51},[37,87614,86750],{"class":102},[37,87616,85],{"class":51},[37,87618,87619,87621,87623,87625],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,87620,86829],{"class":86722},[37,87622,292],{"class":51},[37,87624,86897],{"class":102},[37,87626,8761],{"class":51},[20,87628,87629],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[130,87631,87633],{"id":87632},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87635,87636,87637,87639],{},"Use mode ",[15,87638,86760],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[307,87641,87643],{"id":87642},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87645,87646,87648],{},[15,87647,86797],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[28,87650,87651],{"className":30,"code":86674,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,87652,87653,87695,87709],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87654,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87656,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87658,86684],{"class":91},[37,87660,95],{"class":51},[37,87662,56],{"class":55},[37,87664,86691],{"class":59},[37,87666,56],{"class":55},[37,87668,65],{"class":51},[37,87670,68],{"class":55},[37,87672,60596],{"class":59},[37,87674,56],{"class":55},[37,87676,65],{"class":51},[37,87678,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87680,48],{"class":47},[37,87682,56],{"class":55},[37,87684,86713],{"class":59},[37,87686,56],{"class":55},[37,87688,18],{"class":51},[37,87690,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87692,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87694,1501],{"class":51},[37,87696,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87698,86730],{"class":43},[37,87700,48],{"class":47},[37,87702,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87704,292],{"class":51},[37,87706,86739],{"class":102},[37,87708,8761],{"class":51},[37,87710,87711,87713,87715,87717],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87712,1506],{"class":91},[37,87714,95],{"class":51},[37,87716,86750],{"class":102},[37,87718,85],{"class":51},[307,87720,87722],{"id":87721},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87724,87725,87727],{},[15,87726,86802],{}," reads one line at a time.",[28,87729,87731],{"className":30,"code":87730,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87732,87733,87775,87791],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87734,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87736,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87738,86684],{"class":91},[37,87740,95],{"class":51},[37,87742,56],{"class":55},[37,87744,86691],{"class":59},[37,87746,56],{"class":55},[37,87748,65],{"class":51},[37,87750,68],{"class":55},[37,87752,60596],{"class":59},[37,87754,56],{"class":55},[37,87756,65],{"class":51},[37,87758,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87760,48],{"class":47},[37,87762,56],{"class":55},[37,87764,86713],{"class":59},[37,87766,56],{"class":55},[37,87768,18],{"class":51},[37,87770,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87772,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87774,1501],{"class":51},[37,87776,87777,87780,87782,87784,87786,87789],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87778,87779],{"class":43},"    first_line ",[37,87781,48],{"class":47},[37,87783,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87785,292],{"class":51},[37,87787,87788],{"class":102},"readline",[37,87790,8761],{"class":51},[37,87792,87793,87795,87797,87800],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87794,1506],{"class":91},[37,87796,95],{"class":51},[37,87798,87799],{"class":102},"first_line",[37,87801,85],{"class":51},[307,87803,87805],{"id":87804},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87807,87808],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[28,87810,87812],{"className":30,"code":87811,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87813,87814,87856,87870],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87815,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87817,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87819,86684],{"class":91},[37,87821,95],{"class":51},[37,87823,56],{"class":55},[37,87825,86691],{"class":59},[37,87827,56],{"class":55},[37,87829,65],{"class":51},[37,87831,68],{"class":55},[37,87833,60596],{"class":59},[37,87835,56],{"class":55},[37,87837,65],{"class":51},[37,87839,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87841,48],{"class":47},[37,87843,56],{"class":55},[37,87845,86713],{"class":59},[37,87847,56],{"class":55},[37,87849,18],{"class":51},[37,87851,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87853,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87855,1501],{"class":51},[37,87857,87858,87861,87864,87866,87868],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87859,87860],{"class":1483},"    for",[37,87862,87863],{"class":43}," line ",[37,87865,1773],{"class":1483},[37,87867,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87869,1501],{"class":51},[37,87871,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87873,47432],{"class":91},[37,87875,95],{"class":51},[37,87877,39],{"class":102},[37,87879,292],{"class":51},[37,87881,8752],{"class":102},[37,87883,7315],{"class":51},[20,87885,87886,87887,3006,87891,292],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[285,87888,87890],{"href":87889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[285,87892,87894],{"href":87893},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[130,87896,87898],{"id":87897},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87900,22,87901,87903],{},[15,87902,87077],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[28,87905,87907],{"className":30,"code":87906,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87908,87909,87952,87973],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,87910,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,87912,86681],{"class":1483},[37,87914,86684],{"class":91},[37,87916,95],{"class":51},[37,87918,56],{"class":55},[37,87920,87921],{"class":59},"output.txt",[37,87923,56],{"class":55},[37,87925,65],{"class":51},[37,87927,68],{"class":55},[37,87929,60579],{"class":59},[37,87931,56],{"class":55},[37,87933,65],{"class":51},[37,87935,86706],{"class":9294},[37,87937,48],{"class":47},[37,87939,56],{"class":55},[37,87941,86713],{"class":59},[37,87943,56],{"class":55},[37,87945,18],{"class":51},[37,87947,47452],{"class":1483},[37,87949,86723],{"class":86722},[37,87951,1501],{"class":51},[37,87953,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87967,87969,87971],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,87955,87227],{"class":86722},[37,87957,292],{"class":51},[37,87959,70282],{"class":102},[37,87961,95],{"class":51},[37,87963,56],{"class":55},[37,87965,87966],{"class":59},"First line",[37,87968,87240],{"class":34560},[37,87970,56],{"class":55},[37,87972,85],{"class":51},[37,87974,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87988,87990,87992],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,87976,87227],{"class":86722},[37,87978,292],{"class":51},[37,87980,70282],{"class":102},[37,87982,95],{"class":51},[37,87984,56],{"class":55},[37,87986,87987],{"class":59},"Second line",[37,87989,87240],{"class":34560},[37,87991,56],{"class":55},[37,87993,85],{"class":51},[20,87995,22,87996,87998],{},[15,87997,18203],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[28,88000,88002],{"className":30,"code":88001,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88003,88004,88046],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88005,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88007,86681],{"class":1483},[37,88009,86684],{"class":91},[37,88011,95],{"class":51},[37,88013,56],{"class":55},[37,88015,87921],{"class":59},[37,88017,56],{"class":55},[37,88019,65],{"class":51},[37,88021,68],{"class":55},[37,88023,285],{"class":59},[37,88025,56],{"class":55},[37,88027,65],{"class":51},[37,88029,86706],{"class":9294},[37,88031,48],{"class":47},[37,88033,56],{"class":55},[37,88035,86713],{"class":59},[37,88037,56],{"class":55},[37,88039,18],{"class":51},[37,88041,47452],{"class":1483},[37,88043,86723],{"class":86722},[37,88045,1501],{"class":51},[37,88047,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88061,88063,88065],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88049,87227],{"class":86722},[37,88051,292],{"class":51},[37,88053,70282],{"class":102},[37,88055,95],{"class":51},[37,88057,56],{"class":55},[37,88059,88060],{"class":59},"Third line",[37,88062,87240],{"class":34560},[37,88064,56],{"class":55},[37,88066,85],{"class":51},[20,88068,88069],{},"Important detail:",[135,88071,88072,88077,88084],{},[138,88073,88074,88076],{},[15,88075,86812],{}," writes a string",[138,88078,88079,14163,88081,88083],{},[15,88080,86812],{},[110,88082,711],{}," add a newline for you",[138,88085,88086,88087,87539],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88088,87240],{},[20,88090,88091,88092,3006,88096,292],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[285,88093,88095],{"href":88094},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[285,88097,88099],{"href":88098},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[130,88101,88103],{"id":88102},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88105,88106],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[307,88108,88110],{"id":88109},"encodingutf-8",[15,88111,87057],{},[20,88113,88114],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[28,88116,88118],{"className":30,"code":88117,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88119,88120,88163],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88121,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88123,86681],{"class":1483},[37,88125,86684],{"class":91},[37,88127,95],{"class":51},[37,88129,56],{"class":55},[37,88131,88132],{"class":59},"message.txt",[37,88134,56],{"class":55},[37,88136,65],{"class":51},[37,88138,68],{"class":55},[37,88140,60596],{"class":59},[37,88142,56],{"class":55},[37,88144,65],{"class":51},[37,88146,86706],{"class":9294},[37,88148,48],{"class":47},[37,88150,56],{"class":55},[37,88152,86713],{"class":59},[37,88154,56],{"class":55},[37,88156,18],{"class":51},[37,88158,47452],{"class":1483},[37,88160,86723],{"class":86722},[37,88162,1501],{"class":51},[37,88164,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88166,1506],{"class":91},[37,88168,95],{"class":51},[37,88170,86829],{"class":86722},[37,88172,292],{"class":51},[37,88174,86739],{"class":102},[37,88176,7315],{"class":51},[20,88178,88179],{},"Why it matters:",[135,88181,88182,88185,88188],{},[138,88183,88184],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[138,88186,88187],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[138,88189,88190],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[307,88192,88194],{"id":88193},"newline",[15,88195,88193],{},[20,88197,88198],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88200,88201],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[307,88203,88205],{"id":88204},"buffering",[15,88206,88204],{},[20,88208,88209],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88211,88212],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[130,88214,88216],{"id":88215},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88218,88219],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[307,88221,88223],{"id":88222},"filenotfounderror",[15,88224,88225],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88227,88228],{},"This happens when:",[135,88230,88231,88234,88237],{},[138,88232,88233],{},"the file does not exist",[138,88235,88236],{},"the path is wrong",[138,88238,88239],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88241,197],{},[28,88243,88245],{"className":30,"code":88244,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88246,88247,88290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88248,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88250,86681],{"class":1483},[37,88252,86684],{"class":91},[37,88254,95],{"class":51},[37,88256,56],{"class":55},[37,88258,88259],{"class":59},"missing.txt",[37,88261,56],{"class":55},[37,88263,65],{"class":51},[37,88265,68],{"class":55},[37,88267,60596],{"class":59},[37,88269,56],{"class":55},[37,88271,65],{"class":51},[37,88273,86706],{"class":9294},[37,88275,48],{"class":47},[37,88277,56],{"class":55},[37,88279,86713],{"class":59},[37,88281,56],{"class":55},[37,88283,18],{"class":51},[37,88285,47452],{"class":1483},[37,88287,86723],{"class":86722},[37,88289,1501],{"class":51},[37,88291,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88293,1506],{"class":91},[37,88295,95],{"class":51},[37,88297,86829],{"class":86722},[37,88299,292],{"class":51},[37,88301,86739],{"class":102},[37,88303,7315],{"class":51},[20,88305,88306,88307,851,88315,292],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[285,88308,88310,88311,88314],{"href":88309},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[37,88312,88313],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[285,88316,88318],{"href":88317},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[307,88320,88322],{"id":88321},"permissionerror",[15,88323,88324],{},"PermissionError",[20,88326,88327],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88329,88330],{},"Example causes:",[135,88332,88333,88336,88339],{},[138,88334,88335],{},"the file is protected",[138,88337,88338],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[138,88340,88341],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88343,88344,88345],{},"Related page: ",[285,88346,88348,88349,88352],{"href":88347},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[37,88350,88351],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[307,88354,88356],{"id":88355},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88357,88358],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88360,88361],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88363,197],{},[28,88365,88367],{"className":30,"code":88366,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88368,88369,88412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88370,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88372,86681],{"class":1483},[37,88374,86684],{"class":91},[37,88376,95],{"class":51},[37,88378,56],{"class":55},[37,88380,88381],{"class":59},"my_folder",[37,88383,56],{"class":55},[37,88385,65],{"class":51},[37,88387,68],{"class":55},[37,88389,60596],{"class":59},[37,88391,56],{"class":55},[37,88393,65],{"class":51},[37,88395,86706],{"class":9294},[37,88397,48],{"class":47},[37,88399,56],{"class":55},[37,88401,86713],{"class":59},[37,88403,56],{"class":55},[37,88405,18],{"class":51},[37,88407,47452],{"class":1483},[37,88409,86723],{"class":86722},[37,88411,1501],{"class":51},[37,88413,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88415,1506],{"class":91},[37,88417,95],{"class":51},[37,88419,86829],{"class":86722},[37,88421,292],{"class":51},[37,88423,86739],{"class":102},[37,88425,7315],{"class":51},[20,88427,88344,88428],{},[285,88429,88431,88432,88435],{"href":88430},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[37,88433,88434],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[307,88437,88439],{"id":88438},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88440,88441],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88443,88444,88445,292],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88446,86662],{},[20,88448,88344,88449],{},[285,88450,88452],{"href":88451},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[130,88454,88456],{"id":88455},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88458,88459,88460,88462],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88461,86662],{}," function.",[20,88464,88465],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[135,88467,88468,88471,88474,88480],{},[138,88469,88470],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[138,88472,88473],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[138,88475,88476,88477,88479],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88478,86662],{}," itself",[138,88481,88482,88483],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[285,88484,88486],{"href":88485},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[130,88488,1854],{"id":1853},[20,88490,88491,88492,3013],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88493,86662],{},[135,88495,88496,88501,88507,88512,88515,88518],{},[138,88497,1872,88498,88500],{},[15,88499,86760],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[138,88502,88503,88504,88506],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88505,86961],{}," for text files",[138,88508,1872,88509,88511],{},[15,88510,87077],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[138,88513,88514],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[138,88516,88517],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[138,88519,88520],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88522,88523],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[28,88525,88527],{"className":30,"code":88526,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88528,88529,88536],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88530,88531,88533],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88532,35199],{"class":1483},[37,88534,88535],{"class":43}," os\n",[37,88537,88538,88540,88542,88544,88546,88549],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88539,92],{"class":91},[37,88541,95],{"class":51},[37,88543,42724],{"class":102},[37,88545,292],{"class":51},[37,88547,88548],{"class":102},"getcwd",[37,88550,7315],{"class":51},[20,88552,88553],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[28,88555,88557],{"className":30,"code":88556,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88558,88559,88565],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88560,88561,88563],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88562,35199],{"class":1483},[37,88564,88535],{"class":43},[37,88566,88567,88569,88571,88573,88575,88578,88580,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88568,92],{"class":91},[37,88570,95],{"class":51},[37,88572,42724],{"class":102},[37,88574,292],{"class":51},[37,88576,88577],{"class":24857},"path",[37,88579,292],{"class":51},[37,88581,88582],{"class":102},"exists",[37,88584,95],{"class":51},[37,88586,56],{"class":55},[37,88588,86691],{"class":59},[37,88590,56],{"class":55},[37,88592,106],{"class":51},[20,88594,88595],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[28,88597,88599],{"className":30,"code":88598,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88600,88601,88607],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88602,88603,88605],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88604,35199],{"class":1483},[37,88606,88535],{"class":43},[37,88608,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617,88619,88621,88624,88626,88628,88630,88632],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88610,92],{"class":91},[37,88612,95],{"class":51},[37,88614,42724],{"class":102},[37,88616,292],{"class":51},[37,88618,88577],{"class":24857},[37,88620,292],{"class":51},[37,88622,88623],{"class":102},"isfile",[37,88625,95],{"class":51},[37,88627,56],{"class":55},[37,88629,86691],{"class":59},[37,88631,56],{"class":55},[37,88633,106],{"class":51},[20,88635,88636],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[28,88638,88640],{"className":30,"code":88639,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88641,88642,88684],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88643,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88645,86681],{"class":1483},[37,88647,86684],{"class":91},[37,88649,95],{"class":51},[37,88651,56],{"class":55},[37,88653,86691],{"class":59},[37,88655,56],{"class":55},[37,88657,65],{"class":51},[37,88659,68],{"class":55},[37,88661,60596],{"class":59},[37,88663,56],{"class":55},[37,88665,65],{"class":51},[37,88667,86706],{"class":9294},[37,88669,48],{"class":47},[37,88671,56],{"class":55},[37,88673,86713],{"class":59},[37,88675,56],{"class":55},[37,88677,18],{"class":51},[37,88679,47452],{"class":1483},[37,88681,86723],{"class":86722},[37,88683,1501],{"class":51},[37,88685,88686,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88687,1506],{"class":91},[37,88689,95],{"class":51},[37,88691,86829],{"class":86722},[37,88693,292],{"class":51},[37,88695,86739],{"class":102},[37,88697,7315],{"class":51},[20,88699,88700],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[130,88702,1969],{"id":1968},[307,88704,88706],{"id":88705},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88708,88709],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[307,88711,88713],{"id":88712},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88715,88716,88717,88719],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88718,86681],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[307,88721,5300,88723,851,88725,88727],{"id":88722},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88724,87077],{},[15,88726,18203],{}," mode?",[20,88729,88730,88732,88733,88735],{},[15,88731,87077],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88734,18203],{}," adds new content to the end.",[307,88737,88739],{"id":88738},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88741,88742],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[307,88744,88746],{"id":88745},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88748,88749,88750,88752],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88751,87057],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[130,88754,2025],{"id":2024},[135,88756,88757,88761,88765,88769,88773,88777,88781,88787],{},[138,88758,88759],{},[285,88760,87890],{"href":87889},[138,88762,88763],{},[285,88764,88095],{"href":88094},[138,88766,88767],{},[285,88768,88099],{"href":88098},[138,88770,88771],{},[285,88772,87894],{"href":87893},[138,88774,88775],{},[285,88776,88486],{"href":88485},[138,88778,88779],{},[285,88780,88318],{"href":88317},[138,88782,88783],{},[285,88784,88310,88785,88314],{"href":88309},[37,88786,88313],{},[138,88788,88789],{},[285,88790,88348,88791,88352],{"href":88347},[37,88792,88351],{},[2052,88794,88795],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":88797},[88798,88799,88800,88801,88802,88803,88804,88809,88810,88815,88821,88822,88823,88831],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":86764,"depth":88,"text":86765},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":87061,"depth":88,"text":87062},{"id":87325,"depth":88,"text":87326},{"id":87449,"depth":88,"text":87450},{"id":87632,"depth":88,"text":87633,"children":88805},[88806,88807,88808],{"id":87642,"depth":251,"text":87643},{"id":87721,"depth":251,"text":87722},{"id":87804,"depth":251,"text":87805},{"id":87897,"depth":88,"text":87898},{"id":88102,"depth":88,"text":88103,"children":88811},[88812,88813,88814],{"id":88109,"depth":251,"text":87057},{"id":88193,"depth":251,"text":88193},{"id":88204,"depth":251,"text":88204},{"id":88215,"depth":88,"text":88216,"children":88816},[88817,88818,88819,88820],{"id":88222,"depth":251,"text":88225},{"id":88321,"depth":251,"text":88324},{"id":88355,"depth":251,"text":88358},{"id":88438,"depth":251,"text":88441},{"id":88455,"depth":88,"text":88456},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":88824},[88825,88826,88827,88829,88830],{"id":88705,"depth":251,"text":88706},{"id":88712,"depth":251,"text":88713},{"id":88722,"depth":251,"text":88828},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88738,"depth":251,"text":88739},{"id":88745,"depth":251,"text":88746},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86652,"description":88832},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88839,"title":88840,"body":88841,"description":90836,"extension":2099,"meta":90837,"navigation":254,"path":90838,"seo":90839,"stem":90840,"__hash__":90841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88842,"toc":90783},[88843,88848,88853,88859,88861,88929,88931,88950,88955,88960,88965,88968,88980,88982,89025,89027,89045,89056,89058,89060,89085,89087,89098,89100,89160,89162,89188,89191,89195,89200,89204,89207,89241,89245,89248,89273,89277,89300,89304,89337,89342,89346,89351,89354,89422,89424,89448,89453,89456,89487,89489,89521,89538,89542,89547,89571,89578,89583,89588,89591,89595,89630,89632,89641,89645,89736,89738,89769,89774,89781,89786,89795,89798,89832,89834,89848,89852,89893,89895,89904,89908,89956,89958,89972,89977,89988,89995,90001,90003,90038,90040,90054,90057,90079,90085,90114,90125,90131,90137,90151,90153,90232,90234,90284,90291,90293,90298,90302,90305,90320,90325,90327,90346,90352,90355,90370,90372,90390,90396,90401,90431,90434,90457,90460,90487,90494,90500,90508,90531,90536,90544,90546,90566,90570,90576,90626,90629,90651,90653,90659,90667,90673,90679,90687,90692,90696,90699,90722,90727,90734,90746,90748,90780],[10,88844,288,88846,3704],{"id":88845},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88847,46549],{},[20,88849,32424,88850,88852],{},[15,88851,46549],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88854,88855,88856,88858],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88857,46549],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[130,88860,2140],{"id":2139},[28,88862,88864],{"className":30,"code":88863,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88865,88866,88878,88887,88891,88901,88911],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88867,88868,88870,88872,88874,88876],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88869,7996],{"class":43},[37,88871,48],{"class":47},[37,88873,68],{"class":55},[37,88875,8041],{"class":59},[37,88877,3484],{"class":55},[37,88879,88880,88882,88884],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88881,21735],{"class":43},[37,88883,48],{"class":47},[37,88885,88886],{"class":122}," 12\n",[37,88888,88889],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,88890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,88892,88893,88895,88897,88899],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,88894,92],{"class":91},[37,88896,95],{"class":51},[37,88898,7790],{"class":102},[37,88900,85],{"class":51},[37,88902,88903,88905,88907,88909],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,88904,92],{"class":91},[37,88906,95],{"class":51},[37,88908,9415],{"class":102},[37,88910,85],{"class":51},[37,88912,88913,88915,88917,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,88914,92],{"class":91},[37,88916,95],{"class":51},[37,88918,56],{"class":55},[37,88920,34975],{"class":59},[37,88922,56],{"class":55},[37,88924,65],{"class":51},[37,88926,36101],{"class":102},[37,88928,85],{"class":51},[20,88930,112],{},[28,88932,88934],{"className":30,"code":88933,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88935,88936,88941,88945],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88937,88938],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88939,88940],{"class":43},"Mia\n",[37,88942,88943],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,88944,2357],{"class":122},[37,88946,88947],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,88948,88949],{"class":43},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88951,22,88952,88954],{},[15,88953,46549],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[130,88956,296,88958,3805],{"id":88957},"what-print-does",[15,88959,46549],{},[20,88961,88962,88964],{},[15,88963,46549],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88966,88967],{},"You can use it to display:",[135,88969,88970,88972,88974,88977],{},[138,88971,34816],{},[138,88973,246],{},[138,88975,88976],{},"variables",[138,88978,88979],{},"expressions",[20,88981,197],{},[28,88983,88985],{"className":30,"code":88984,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88986,88987,89001,89011],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,88988,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,88990,92],{"class":91},[37,88992,95],{"class":51},[37,88994,56],{"class":55},[37,88996,34975],{"class":59},[37,88998,56],{"class":55},[37,89000,85],{"class":51},[37,89002,89003,89005,89007,89009],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89004,92],{"class":91},[37,89006,95],{"class":51},[37,89008,446],{"class":122},[37,89010,85],{"class":51},[37,89012,89013,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,89014,92],{"class":91},[37,89016,95],{"class":51},[37,89018,508],{"class":122},[37,89020,2586],{"class":47},[37,89022,513],{"class":122},[37,89024,85],{"class":51},[20,89026,112],{},[28,89028,89030],{"className":30,"code":89029,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89031,89032,89037,89041],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89033,89034],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89035,89036],{"class":43},"Hello\n",[37,89038,89039],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89040,3076],{"class":122},[37,89042,89043],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,89044,3076],{"class":122},[20,89046,89047,89048,89050,89051,89055],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89049,46549],{}," ",[110,89052,3817,89053],{},[15,89054,3904],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[130,89057,159],{"id":158},[20,89059,30833],{},[28,89061,89063],{"className":30,"code":89062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89064,89065],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89066,89067,89069,89071,89074,89076,89079,89081,89083],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89068,92],{"class":91},[37,89070,95],{"class":51},[37,89072,89073],{"class":102},"object1",[37,89075,65],{"class":51},[37,89077,89078],{"class":102}," object2",[37,89080,65],{"class":51},[37,89082,34561],{"class":91},[37,89084,85],{"class":51},[20,89086,80290],{},[135,89088,89089,89092,89095],{},[138,89090,89091],{},"one value",[138,89093,89094],{},"many values",[138,89096,89097],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89099,197],{},[28,89101,89103],{"className":30,"code":89102,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89104,89105,89119,89138],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89106,89107,89109,89111,89113,89115,89117],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89108,92],{"class":91},[37,89110,95],{"class":51},[37,89112,56],{"class":55},[37,89114,57860],{"class":59},[37,89116,56],{"class":55},[37,89118,85],{"class":51},[37,89120,89121,89123,89125,89127,89130,89132,89134,89136],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89122,92],{"class":91},[37,89124,95],{"class":51},[37,89126,56],{"class":55},[37,89128,89129],{"class":59},"Score:",[37,89131,56],{"class":55},[37,89133,65],{"class":51},[37,89135,6125],{"class":122},[37,89137,85],{"class":51},[37,89139,89140,89142,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,89141,92],{"class":91},[37,89143,95],{"class":51},[37,89145,56],{"class":55},[37,89147,45661],{"class":59},[37,89149,56],{"class":55},[37,89151,65],{"class":51},[37,89153,1134],{"class":122},[37,89155,2586],{"class":47},[37,89157,1145],{"class":122},[37,89159,85],{"class":51},[20,89161,112],{},[28,89163,89165],{"className":30,"code":89164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89166,89167,89171,89180],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89168,89169],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89170,85443],{"class":43},[37,89172,89173,89176,89178],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89174,89175],{"class":43},"Score",[37,89177,3013],{"class":51},[37,89179,1345],{"class":122},[37,89181,89182,89184,89186],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,89183,45701],{"class":43},[37,89185,3013],{"class":51},[37,89187,1345],{"class":122},[20,89189,89190],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[130,89192,89194],{"id":89193},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89196,89197,89198,292],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89199,46549],{},[307,89201,89203],{"id":89202},"print-text","Print text",[20,89205,89206],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[28,89208,89210],{"className":30,"code":89209,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89211,89212,89226],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89213,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89215,92],{"class":91},[37,89217,95],{"class":51},[37,89219,56],{"class":55},[37,89221,34975],{"class":59},[37,89223,56],{"class":55},[37,89225,85],{"class":51},[37,89227,89228,89230,89232,89234,89237,89239],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89229,92],{"class":91},[37,89231,95],{"class":51},[37,89233,56],{"class":55},[37,89235,89236],{"class":59},"Python is fun",[37,89238,56],{"class":55},[37,89240,85],{"class":51},[307,89242,89244],{"id":89243},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89246,89247],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[28,89249,89251],{"className":30,"code":89250,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89252,89253,89263],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89254,89255,89257,89259,89261],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89256,92],{"class":91},[37,89258,95],{"class":51},[37,89260,446],{"class":122},[37,89262,85],{"class":51},[37,89264,89265,89267,89269,89271],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89266,92],{"class":91},[37,89268,95],{"class":51},[37,89270,40244],{"class":122},[37,89272,85],{"class":51},[307,89274,89276],{"id":89275},"print-variables","Print variables",[28,89278,89280],{"className":30,"code":89279,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89281,89282,89290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89283,89284,89286,89288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89285,5215],{"class":43},[37,89287,48],{"class":47},[37,89289,14240],{"class":122},[37,89291,89292,89294,89296,89298],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89293,92],{"class":91},[37,89295,95],{"class":51},[37,89297,85607],{"class":102},[37,89299,85],{"class":51},[307,89301,89303],{"id":89302},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[28,89305,89307],{"className":30,"code":89306,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89308,89309,89323],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89310,89311,89313,89315,89317,89319,89321],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89312,92],{"class":91},[37,89314,95],{"class":51},[37,89316,508],{"class":122},[37,89318,2586],{"class":47},[37,89320,513],{"class":122},[37,89322,85],{"class":51},[37,89324,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89326,92],{"class":91},[37,89328,95],{"class":51},[37,89330,214],{"class":122},[37,89332,82919],{"class":47},[37,89334,1134],{"class":122},[37,89336,85],{"class":51},[20,89338,89339,89340,292],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[285,89341,51069],{"href":51068},[130,89343,89345],{"id":89344},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89347,89348,89350],{},[15,89349,46549],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89352,89353],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[28,89355,89357],{"className":30,"code":89356,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89358,89359,89372,89380,89384,89403],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89360,89361,89363,89365,89367,89370],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89362,7996],{"class":43},[37,89364,48],{"class":47},[37,89366,68],{"class":55},[37,89368,89369],{"class":59},"Ava",[37,89371,3484],{"class":55},[37,89373,89374,89376,89378],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89375,21735],{"class":43},[37,89377,48],{"class":47},[37,89379,1345],{"class":122},[37,89381,89382],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,89383,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,89385,89386,89388,89390,89392,89395,89397,89399,89401],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,89387,92],{"class":91},[37,89389,95],{"class":51},[37,89391,56],{"class":55},[37,89393,89394],{"class":59},"Name:",[37,89396,56],{"class":55},[37,89398,65],{"class":51},[37,89400,36101],{"class":102},[37,89402,85],{"class":51},[37,89404,89405,89407,89409,89411,89414,89416,89418,89420],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,89406,92],{"class":91},[37,89408,95],{"class":51},[37,89410,56],{"class":55},[37,89412,89413],{"class":59},"Age:",[37,89415,56],{"class":55},[37,89417,65],{"class":51},[37,89419,9307],{"class":102},[37,89421,85],{"class":51},[20,89423,112],{},[28,89425,89427],{"className":30,"code":89426,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89428,89429,89439],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89430,89431,89434,89436],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89432,89433],{"class":43},"Name",[37,89435,3013],{"class":51},[37,89437,89438],{"class":43}," Ava\n",[37,89440,89441,89444,89446],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89442,89443],{"class":43},"Age",[37,89445,3013],{"class":51},[37,89447,1345],{"class":122},[20,89449,89450,89451,292],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89452,2196],{},[20,89454,89455],{},"For example, this works:",[28,89457,89459],{"className":30,"code":89458,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89460,89461,89469],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89462,89463,89465,89467],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89464,21735],{"class":43},[37,89466,48],{"class":47},[37,89468,1345],{"class":122},[37,89470,89471,89473,89475,89477,89479,89481,89483,89485],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89472,92],{"class":91},[37,89474,95],{"class":51},[37,89476,56],{"class":55},[37,89478,89413],{"class":59},[37,89480,56],{"class":55},[37,89482,65],{"class":51},[37,89484,9307],{"class":102},[37,89486,85],{"class":51},[20,89488,37028],{},[28,89490,89492],{"className":30,"code":89491,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89493,89494,89502],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89495,89496,89498,89500],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89497,21735],{"class":43},[37,89499,48],{"class":47},[37,89501,1345],{"class":122},[37,89503,89504,89506,89508,89510,89513,89515,89517,89519],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89505,92],{"class":91},[37,89507,95],{"class":51},[37,89509,56],{"class":55},[37,89511,89512],{"class":59},"Age: ",[37,89514,56],{"class":55},[37,89516,2586],{"class":47},[37,89518,9307],{"class":102},[37,89520,85],{"class":51},[20,89522,89523,89524,89527,89528,89530,89531,89533,89534,292],{},"That fails because ",[15,89525,89526],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89529,9415],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89532,2196],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[285,89535,89536],{"href":42275},[15,89537,47778],{},[130,89539,89541],{"id":89540},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89543,89544,89546],{},[15,89545,46549],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[135,89548,89549,89555,89560,89565],{},[138,89550,89551,89554],{},[15,89552,89553],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[138,89556,89557,89559],{},[15,89558,52752],{}," controls what is added after the output",[138,89561,89562,89564],{},[15,89563,86829],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[138,89566,89567,89570],{},[15,89568,89569],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89572,89573,89574,851,89576,292],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89575,89553],{},[15,89577,52752],{},[130,89579,89581,36717],{"id":89580},"sep-argument",[15,89582,89553],{},[20,89584,1531,89585,89587],{},[15,89586,89553],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89589,89590],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[307,89592,89594],{"id":89593},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[28,89596,89598],{"className":30,"code":89597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89599,89600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89601,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89603,92],{"class":91},[37,89605,95],{"class":51},[37,89607,56],{"class":55},[37,89609,60],{"class":59},[37,89611,56],{"class":55},[37,89613,65],{"class":51},[37,89615,68],{"class":55},[37,89617,71],{"class":59},[37,89619,56],{"class":55},[37,89621,65],{"class":51},[37,89623,68],{"class":55},[37,89625,80],{"class":59},[37,89627,56],{"class":55},[37,89629,85],{"class":51},[20,89631,112],{},[28,89633,89635],{"className":30,"code":89634,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"red green blue\n",[15,89636,89637],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89638,89639],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89640,89634],{"class":43},[307,89642,89644],{"id":89643},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[28,89646,89648],{"className":30,"code":89647,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89649,89650,89693],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89651,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89653,92],{"class":91},[37,89655,95],{"class":51},[37,89657,56],{"class":55},[37,89659,60],{"class":59},[37,89661,56],{"class":55},[37,89663,65],{"class":51},[37,89665,68],{"class":55},[37,89667,71],{"class":59},[37,89669,56],{"class":55},[37,89671,65],{"class":51},[37,89673,68],{"class":55},[37,89675,80],{"class":59},[37,89677,56],{"class":55},[37,89679,65],{"class":51},[37,89681,89682],{"class":9294}," sep",[37,89684,48],{"class":47},[37,89686,56],{"class":55},[37,89688,65],{"class":59},[37,89690,56],{"class":55},[37,89692,85],{"class":51},[37,89694,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89732,89734],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89696,92],{"class":91},[37,89698,95],{"class":51},[37,89700,56],{"class":55},[37,89702,60],{"class":59},[37,89704,56],{"class":55},[37,89706,65],{"class":51},[37,89708,68],{"class":55},[37,89710,71],{"class":59},[37,89712,56],{"class":55},[37,89714,65],{"class":51},[37,89716,68],{"class":55},[37,89718,80],{"class":59},[37,89720,56],{"class":55},[37,89722,65],{"class":51},[37,89724,89682],{"class":9294},[37,89726,48],{"class":47},[37,89728,56],{"class":55},[37,89730,89731],{"class":59}," - ",[37,89733,56],{"class":55},[37,89735,85],{"class":51},[20,89737,112],{},[28,89739,89741],{"className":30,"code":89740,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89742,89743,89755],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89744,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89746,60],{"class":43},[37,89748,65],{"class":51},[37,89750,71],{"class":43},[37,89752,65],{"class":51},[37,89754,70069],{"class":43},[37,89756,89757,89760,89762,89765,89767],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89758,89759],{"class":43},"red ",[37,89761,2159],{"class":47},[37,89763,89764],{"class":43}," green ",[37,89766,2159],{"class":47},[37,89768,35990],{"class":43},[20,89770,89771,89773],{},[15,89772,89553],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89775,89776,89777,292],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[285,89778,89780],{"href":89779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[130,89782,89784,36717],{"id":89783},"end-argument",[15,89785,52752],{},[20,89787,89788,89789,89791,89792,89794],{},"By default, ",[15,89790,46549],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89793,46549],{}," starts on a new line.",[307,89796,89594],{"id":89797},"default-behavior-1",[28,89799,89801],{"className":30,"code":89800,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89802,89803,89817],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89804,89805,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89806,92],{"class":91},[37,89808,95],{"class":51},[37,89810,56],{"class":55},[37,89812,34975],{"class":59},[37,89814,56],{"class":55},[37,89816,85],{"class":51},[37,89818,89819,89821,89823,89825,89828,89830],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89820,92],{"class":91},[37,89822,95],{"class":51},[37,89824,56],{"class":55},[37,89826,89827],{"class":59},"World",[37,89829,56],{"class":55},[37,89831,85],{"class":51},[20,89833,112],{},[28,89835,89837],{"className":30,"code":89836,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89838,89839,89843],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89840,89841],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89842,89036],{"class":43},[37,89844,89845],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89846,89847],{"class":43},"World\n",[307,89849,89851],{"id":89850},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[28,89853,89855],{"className":30,"code":89854,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89856,89857,89879],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89858,89859,89861,89863,89865,89867,89869,89871,89873,89875,89877],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89860,92],{"class":91},[37,89862,95],{"class":51},[37,89864,56],{"class":55},[37,89866,34975],{"class":59},[37,89868,56],{"class":55},[37,89870,65],{"class":51},[37,89872,65131],{"class":9294},[37,89874,48],{"class":47},[37,89876,6393],{"class":55},[37,89878,85],{"class":51},[37,89880,89881,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89882,92],{"class":91},[37,89884,95],{"class":51},[37,89886,56],{"class":55},[37,89888,89827],{"class":59},[37,89890,56],{"class":55},[37,89892,85],{"class":51},[20,89894,112],{},[28,89896,89898],{"className":30,"code":89897,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89899,89900],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89901,89902],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89903,89897],{"class":43},[307,89905,89907],{"id":89906},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[28,89909,89911],{"className":30,"code":89910,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89912,89913,89942],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89914,89915,89917,89919,89921,89923,89925,89927,89929,89931,89933,89936,89938,89940],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89916,92],{"class":91},[37,89918,95],{"class":51},[37,89920,56],{"class":55},[37,89922,34975],{"class":59},[37,89924,56],{"class":55},[37,89926,65],{"class":51},[37,89928,65131],{"class":9294},[37,89930,48],{"class":47},[37,89932,56],{"class":55},[37,89934,89935],{"class":59},"!",[37,89937,87240],{"class":34560},[37,89939,56],{"class":55},[37,89941,85],{"class":51},[37,89943,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89945,92],{"class":91},[37,89947,95],{"class":51},[37,89949,56],{"class":55},[37,89951,89827],{"class":59},[37,89953,56],{"class":55},[37,89955,85],{"class":51},[20,89957,112],{},[28,89959,89961],{"className":30,"code":89960,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89962,89963,89968],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,89964,89965],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,89966,89967],{"class":43},"Hello!\n",[37,89969,89970],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,89971,89847],{"class":43},[20,89973,1531,89974,89976],{},[15,89975,52752],{}," argument is useful for:",[135,89978,89979,89982,89985],{},[138,89980,89981],{},"progress messages",[138,89983,89984],{},"inline output",[138,89986,89987],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[130,89989,89991,2530,89993],{"id":89990},"print-returns-none",[15,89992,46549],{},[15,89994,3904],{},[20,89996,89997,89998,90000],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89999,46549],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90002,197],{},[28,90004,90006],{"className":30,"code":90005,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90007,90008,90028],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90009,90010,90012,90014,90017,90019,90021,90024,90026],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90011,2362],{"class":43},[37,90013,48],{"class":47},[37,90015,90016],{"class":91}," print",[37,90018,95],{"class":51},[37,90020,56],{"class":55},[37,90022,90023],{"class":59},"Hi",[37,90025,56],{"class":55},[37,90027,85],{"class":51},[37,90029,90030,90032,90034,90036],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90031,92],{"class":91},[37,90033,95],{"class":51},[37,90035,2397],{"class":102},[37,90037,85],{"class":51},[20,90039,112],{},[28,90041,90043],{"className":30,"code":90042,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90044,90045,90050],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90046,90047],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90048,90049],{"class":43},"Hi\n",[37,90051,90052],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90053,11920],{"class":3977},[20,90055,90056],{},"Why does this happen?",[135,90058,90059,90067,90072],{},[138,90060,90061,90064,90065],{},[15,90062,90063],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90066,90023],{},[138,90068,90069,90070],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90071,3904],{},[138,90073,90074,90075,12032,90077],{},"so ",[15,90076,2397],{},[15,90078,3904],{},[20,90080,90081,90082,90084],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90083,46549],{}," call.",[28,90086,90088],{"className":30,"code":90087,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90089,90090,90103],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90091,90092,90095,90097,90099,90101],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90093,90094],{"class":43},"message ",[37,90096,48],{"class":47},[37,90098,68],{"class":55},[37,90100,90023],{"class":59},[37,90102,3484],{"class":55},[37,90104,90105,90107,90109,90112],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90106,92],{"class":91},[37,90108,95],{"class":51},[37,90110,90111],{"class":102},"message",[37,90113,85],{"class":51},[20,90115,90116,90117,90119,90120,90124],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90118,46549],{}," with functions like ",[285,90121,90122],{"href":8337},[15,90123,3087],{},", which do return a value.",[130,90126,90128,90129],{"id":90127},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90130,46549],{},[20,90132,90133,90134,90136],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90135,46549],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[135,90138,90139,90142,90145,90148],{},[138,90140,90141],{},"to display results to the user",[138,90143,90144],{},"to show messages in a script",[138,90146,90147],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[138,90149,90150],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90152,197],{},[28,90154,90156],{"className":30,"code":90155,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90157,90158,90166,90170,90190,90201],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90159,90160,90162,90164],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90161,41284],{"class":43},[37,90163,48],{"class":47},[37,90165,38614],{"class":122},[37,90167,90168],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90169,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,90171,90172,90174,90176,90178,90180,90182,90184,90186,90188],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,90173,1767],{"class":1483},[37,90175,6508],{"class":43},[37,90177,1773],{"class":1483},[37,90179,1776],{"class":91},[37,90181,95],{"class":51},[37,90183,501],{"class":122},[37,90185,65],{"class":51},[37,90187,1134],{"class":122},[37,90189,8460],{"class":51},[37,90191,90192,90195,90198],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,90193,90194],{"class":43},"    total ",[37,90196,90197],{"class":47},"+=",[37,90199,90200],{"class":43}," number\n",[37,90202,90203,90205,90207,90209,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,90204,1506],{"class":91},[37,90206,95],{"class":51},[37,90208,56],{"class":55},[37,90210,90211],{"class":59},"Current number:",[37,90213,56],{"class":55},[37,90215,65],{"class":51},[37,90217,2329],{"class":102},[37,90219,65],{"class":51},[37,90221,68],{"class":55},[37,90223,45661],{"class":59},[37,90225,56],{"class":55},[37,90227,65],{"class":51},[37,90229,45668],{"class":102},[37,90231,85],{"class":51},[20,90233,112],{},[28,90235,90237],{"className":30,"code":90236,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90238,90239,90255,90269],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90240,90241,90244,90246,90248,90251,90253],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90242,90243],{"class":43},"Current number",[37,90245,3013],{"class":51},[37,90247,5619],{"class":122},[37,90249,90250],{"class":43}," Total",[37,90252,3013],{"class":51},[37,90254,29722],{"class":122},[37,90256,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90258,90243],{"class":43},[37,90260,3013],{"class":51},[37,90262,890],{"class":122},[37,90264,90250],{"class":43},[37,90266,3013],{"class":51},[37,90268,2707],{"class":122},[37,90270,90271,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,90272,90243],{"class":43},[37,90274,3013],{"class":51},[37,90276,513],{"class":122},[37,90278,90250],{"class":43},[37,90280,3013],{"class":51},[37,90282,90283],{"class":122}," 6\n",[20,90285,90286,90287,292],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[285,90288,90290],{"href":90289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[130,90292,1854],{"id":1853},[20,90294,90295,90296,292],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90297,46549],{},[307,90299,90301],{"id":90300},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90303,90304],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[28,90306,90308],{"className":30,"code":90307,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90309,90310],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90311,90312,90314,90316,90318],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90313,92],{"class":91},[37,90315,95],{"class":51},[37,90317,34975],{"class":102},[37,90319,85],{"class":51},[20,90321,8994,90322,90324],{},[15,90323,34975],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90326,10923],{},[28,90328,90330],{"className":30,"code":90329,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90331,90332],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90333,90334,90336,90338,90340,90342,90344],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90335,92],{"class":91},[37,90337,95],{"class":51},[37,90339,56],{"class":55},[37,90341,34975],{"class":59},[37,90343,56],{"class":55},[37,90345,85],{"class":51},[307,90347,1872,90349,90351],{"id":90348},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90350,92],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90353,90354],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[28,90356,90358],{"className":30,"code":90357,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90359,90360],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90361,90362,90364,90366,90368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90363,92],{"class":91},[37,90365,68],{"class":55},[37,90367,34975],{"class":59},[37,90369,3484],{"class":55},[20,90371,10923],{},[28,90373,90374],{"className":30,"code":90329,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,90375,90376],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90377,90378,90380,90382,90384,90386,90388],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90379,92],{"class":91},[37,90381,95],{"class":51},[37,90383,56],{"class":55},[37,90385,34975],{"class":59},[37,90387,56],{"class":55},[37,90389,85],{"class":51},[307,90391,90393,90394],{"id":90392},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90395,2196],{},[20,90397,90398,90399,292],{},"This causes a ",[15,90400,3133],{},[28,90402,90403],{"className":30,"code":89491,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,90404,90405,90413],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90406,90407,90409,90411],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90408,21735],{"class":43},[37,90410,48],{"class":47},[37,90412,1345],{"class":122},[37,90414,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425,90427,90429],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90416,92],{"class":91},[37,90418,95],{"class":51},[37,90420,56],{"class":55},[37,90422,89512],{"class":59},[37,90424,56],{"class":55},[37,90426,2586],{"class":47},[37,90428,9307],{"class":102},[37,90430,85],{"class":51},[20,90432,90433],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[28,90435,90437],{"className":30,"code":90436,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90438,90439],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90440,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90442,92],{"class":91},[37,90444,95],{"class":51},[37,90446,56],{"class":55},[37,90448,89413],{"class":59},[37,90450,56],{"class":55},[37,90452,65],{"class":51},[37,90454,9307],{"class":102},[37,90456,85],{"class":51},[20,90458,90459],{},"Or convert the number first:",[28,90461,90463],{"className":30,"code":90462,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90464,90465],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90466,90467,90469,90471,90473,90475,90477,90479,90481,90483,90485],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90468,92],{"class":91},[37,90470,95],{"class":51},[37,90472,56],{"class":55},[37,90474,89512],{"class":59},[37,90476,56],{"class":55},[37,90478,2586],{"class":47},[37,90480,48998],{"class":756},[37,90482,95],{"class":51},[37,90484,9415],{"class":102},[37,90486,106],{"class":51},[20,90488,90489,90490,292],{},"If you see this error, read ",[285,90491,90493],{"href":90492},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[307,90495,1880,90497,90499],{"id":90496},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90498,46549],{}," to return a value",[20,90501,90502,90503,35438,90506,3013],{},"This does not store ",[15,90504,90505],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90507,2397],{},[28,90509,90511],{"className":30,"code":90510,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90512,90513],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90514,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90516,2362],{"class":43},[37,90518,48],{"class":47},[37,90520,90016],{"class":91},[37,90522,95],{"class":51},[37,90524,56],{"class":55},[37,90526,34975],{"class":59},[37,90528,56],{"class":55},[37,90530,85],{"class":51},[20,90532,90533,90534,292],{},"It stores ",[15,90535,3904],{},[307,90537,90539,90540,851,90542],{"id":90538},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90541,89553],{},[15,90543,52752],{},[20,90545,85899],{},[135,90547,90548,90557],{},[138,90549,90550,90552,90553,90556],{},[15,90551,89553],{}," changes what goes ",[110,90554,90555],{},"between"," multiple values",[138,90558,90559,90561,90562,90565],{},[15,90560,52752],{}," changes what appears ",[110,90563,90564],{},"after"," the output",[130,90567,90569],{"id":90568},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90571,90572,90573,90575],{},"These simple ",[15,90574,46549],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[28,90577,90579],{"className":30,"code":90578,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90580,90581,90601,90616],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90582,90583,90585,90587,90589,90592,90594,90596,90599],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90584,92],{"class":91},[37,90586,95],{"class":51},[37,90588,56],{"class":55},[37,90590,90591],{"class":59},"Debug:",[37,90593,56],{"class":55},[37,90595,65],{"class":51},[37,90597,90598],{"class":102}," variable_name",[37,90600,85],{"class":51},[37,90602,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90614],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90604,92],{"class":91},[37,90606,95],{"class":51},[37,90608,757],{"class":756},[37,90610,95],{"class":51},[37,90612,90613],{"class":102},"variable_name",[37,90615,106],{"class":51},[37,90617,90618,90620,90622,90624],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,90619,1937],{"class":91},[37,90621,95],{"class":51},[37,90623,92],{"class":91},[37,90625,85],{"class":51},[20,90627,90628],{},"What they do:",[135,90630,90631,90637,90643],{},[138,90632,90633,90636],{},[15,90634,90635],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[138,90638,90639,90642],{},[15,90640,90641],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[138,90644,90645,90648,90649],{},[15,90646,90647],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90650,46549],{},[130,90652,1969],{"id":1968},[307,90654,1983,90656,90658],{"id":90655},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90657,46549],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90660,90661,90662,90664,90665,36723],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90663,46549],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90666,52752],{},[307,90668,5290,90670,90672],{"id":90669},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90671,46549],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90674,90675,90676,90678],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90677,46549],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[307,90680,5278,90682,5281,90685,2623],{"id":90681},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90683,90684],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90686,3904],{},[20,90688,29168,90689,90691],{},[15,90690,46549],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[307,90693,90695],{"id":90694},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90697,90698],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[28,90700,90702],{"className":30,"code":90701,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90703,90704],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90705,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90707,92],{"class":91},[37,90709,95],{"class":51},[37,90711,56],{"class":55},[37,90713,89413],{"class":59},[37,90715,56],{"class":55},[37,90717,65],{"class":51},[37,90719,6125],{"class":122},[37,90721,85],{"class":51},[20,90723,90724,90725,40030],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90726,47778],{},[307,90728,5300,90730,851,90732,2623],{"id":90729},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90731,89553],{},[15,90733,52752],{},[135,90735,90736,90741],{},[138,90737,90738,90740],{},[15,90739,89553],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[138,90742,90743,90745],{},[15,90744,52752],{}," changes what appears after the output",[130,90747,2025],{"id":2024},[135,90749,90750,90754,90760,90766,90771,90776],{},[138,90751,90752],{},[285,90753,51069],{"href":51068},[138,90755,90756],{},[285,90757,288,90758,291],{"href":8337},[15,90759,3087],{},[138,90761,90762],{},[285,90763,288,90764,291],{"href":42275},[15,90765,47778],{},[138,90767,90768],{},[285,90769,90770],{"href":89779},"How to format strings in Python",[138,90772,90773],{},[285,90774,90775],{"href":90289},"How to debug Python code",[138,90777,90778],{},[285,90779,90493],{"href":90492},[2052,90781,90782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":90784},[90785,90786,90788,90789,90795,90796,90797,90802,90808,90810,90812,90823,90824,90835],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":88957,"depth":88,"text":90787},"What print() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":89193,"depth":88,"text":89194,"children":90790},[90791,90792,90793,90794],{"id":89202,"depth":251,"text":89203},{"id":89243,"depth":251,"text":89244},{"id":89275,"depth":251,"text":89276},{"id":89302,"depth":251,"text":89303},{"id":89344,"depth":88,"text":89345},{"id":89540,"depth":88,"text":89541},{"id":89580,"depth":88,"text":90798,"children":90799},"sep argument",[90800,90801],{"id":89593,"depth":251,"text":89594},{"id":89643,"depth":251,"text":89644},{"id":89783,"depth":88,"text":90803,"children":90804},"end argument",[90805,90806,90807],{"id":89797,"depth":251,"text":89594},{"id":89850,"depth":251,"text":89851},{"id":89906,"depth":251,"text":89907},{"id":89990,"depth":88,"text":90809},"print() returns None",{"id":90127,"depth":88,"text":90811},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":90813},[90814,90815,90817,90819,90821],{"id":90300,"depth":251,"text":90301},{"id":90348,"depth":251,"text":90816},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90392,"depth":251,"text":90818},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90496,"depth":251,"text":90820},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90538,"depth":251,"text":90822},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90568,"depth":88,"text":90569},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":90825},[90826,90828,90830,90832,90833],{"id":90655,"depth":251,"text":90827},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90669,"depth":251,"text":90829},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90681,"depth":251,"text":90831},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90694,"depth":251,"text":90695},{"id":90729,"depth":251,"text":90834},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88840,"description":90836},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90843,"title":90844,"body":90845,"description":93149,"extension":2099,"meta":93150,"navigation":254,"path":93151,"seo":93152,"stem":93153,"__hash__":93154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90846,"toc":93095},[90847,90852,90857,90870,90872,90937,90948,90953,90958,90960,90983,90986,91017,91019,91036,91041,91047,91052,91101,91104,91121,91127,91132,91155,91157,91185,91191,91199,91226,91228,91253,91259,91262,91293,91295,91324,91328,91331,91336,91358,91360,91388,91394,91400,91426,91428,91452,91458,91464,91494,91496,91524,91534,91538,91544,91577,91579,91608,91611,91614,91647,91649,91657,91663,91665,91688,91693,91702,91707,91721,91723,91763,91765,91795,91799,91834,91840,91844,91888,91890,91920,91926,91929,92008,92010,92032,92040,92043,92106,92114,92189,92195,92202,92207,92212,92235,92237,92258,92260,92273,92275,92322,92324,92363,92372,92374,92378,92382,92385,92412,92415,92444,92447,92471,92474,92482,92488,92510,92512,92540,92544,92549,92604,92609,92611,92668,92675,92684,92687,92719,92721,92729,92732,92738,92740,92763,92766,92772,92775,92794,92796,92815,92818,92840,92842,92870,92874,92878,92983,92985,92998,93000,93006,93009,93017,93022,93028,93034,93039,93047,93053,93060,93062,93092],[10,90848,288,90850,3704],{"id":90849},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90851,36301],{},[20,90853,32424,90854,90856],{},[15,90855,36301],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90858,90859,90860,90862,90863,90865,90866,90869],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90861,1767],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90864,36301],{}," stops ",[110,90867,90868],{},"before"," the end value.",[130,90871,2140],{"id":2139},[28,90873,90875],{"className":30,"code":90874,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90876,90877,90893,90903,90907,90912,90917,90922,90927,90932],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90878,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889,90891],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90880,1767],{"class":1483},[37,90882,1770],{"class":43},[37,90884,1773],{"class":1483},[37,90886,1776],{"class":91},[37,90888,95],{"class":51},[37,90890,446],{"class":122},[37,90892,8460],{"class":51},[37,90894,90895,90897,90899,90901],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,90896,1506],{"class":91},[37,90898,95],{"class":51},[37,90900,1797],{"class":102},[37,90902,85],{"class":51},[37,90904,90905],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,90906,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,90908,90909],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,90910,90911],{"class":3788},"# Output:\n",[37,90913,90914],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,90915,90916],{"class":3788},"# 0\n",[37,90918,90919],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,90920,90921],{"class":3788},"# 1\n",[37,90923,90924],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,90925,90926],{"class":3788},"# 2\n",[37,90928,90929],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,90930,90931],{"class":3788},"# 3\n",[37,90933,90934],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,90935,90936],{"class":3788},"# 4\n",[20,90938,90939,90942,90943,90945,90946,292],{},[15,90940,90941],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90944,1070],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90947,446],{},[130,90949,296,90951,3805],{"id":90950},"what-range-does",[15,90952,36301],{},[20,90954,90955,90957],{},[15,90956,36301],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90959,13164],{},[135,90961,90962,90967,90973,90978],{},[138,90963,90964,90966],{},[15,90965,36301],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[138,90968,90969,90970,90972],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90971,1767],{}," loops",[138,90974,90975,90976],{},"The stop value is ",[110,90977,65160],{},[138,90979,17531,90980,90982],{},[15,90981,60089],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90984,90985],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[28,90987,90989],{"className":30,"code":90988,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90990,90991,91007],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,90992,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91005],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,90994,1767],{"class":1483},[37,90996,6508],{"class":43},[37,90998,1773],{"class":1483},[37,91000,1776],{"class":91},[37,91002,95],{"class":51},[37,91004,1129],{"class":122},[37,91006,8460],{"class":51},[37,91008,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91010,1506],{"class":91},[37,91012,95],{"class":51},[37,91014,2372],{"class":102},[37,91016,85],{"class":51},[20,91018,112],{},[28,91020,91022],{"className":30,"code":91021,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91023,91024,91028,91032],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91025,91026],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91027,419],{"class":122},[37,91029,91030],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91031,471],{"class":122},[37,91033,91034],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,91035,1008],{"class":122},[20,91037,91038,91039,292],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[285,91040,36138],{"href":36137},[130,91042,91044,91046],{"id":91043},"range-syntax",[15,91045,36301],{}," syntax",[20,91048,91049,91051],{},[15,91050,36301],{}," has three common forms:",[28,91053,91055],{"className":30,"code":91054,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91056,91057,91067,91082],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91058,91059,91061,91063,91065],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91060,60089],{"class":91},[37,91062,95],{"class":51},[37,91064,75513],{"class":102},[37,91066,85],{"class":51},[37,91068,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91080],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91070,60089],{"class":91},[37,91072,95],{"class":51},[37,91074,36182],{"class":102},[37,91076,65],{"class":51},[37,91078,91079],{"class":102}," stop",[37,91081,85],{"class":51},[37,91083,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094,91096,91099],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,91085,60089],{"class":91},[37,91087,95],{"class":51},[37,91089,36182],{"class":102},[37,91091,65],{"class":51},[37,91093,91079],{"class":102},[37,91095,65],{"class":51},[37,91097,91098],{"class":102}," step",[37,91100,85],{"class":51},[20,91102,91103],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[135,91105,91106,91111,91116],{},[138,91107,91108,91110],{},[15,91109,36182],{}," = first number",[138,91112,91113,91115],{},[15,91114,75513],{}," = end limit, not included",[138,91117,91118,91120],{},[15,91119,75516],{}," = amount to move each time",[307,91122,91124],{"id":91123},"rangestop",[15,91125,91126],{},"range(stop)",[20,91128,91129,91130,292],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91131,1070],{},[28,91133,91135],{"className":30,"code":91134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91136,91137],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91138,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91140,92],{"class":91},[37,91142,95],{"class":51},[37,91144,8213],{"class":756},[37,91146,95],{"class":51},[37,91148,60089],{"class":91},[37,91150,95],{"class":51},[37,91152,446],{"class":122},[37,91154,3041],{"class":51},[20,91156,112],{},[28,91158,91159],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91160,91161],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91162,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91164,1067],{"class":51},[37,91166,1070],{"class":122},[37,91168,65],{"class":51},[37,91170,5619],{"class":122},[37,91172,65],{"class":51},[37,91174,890],{"class":122},[37,91176,65],{"class":51},[37,91178,513],{"class":122},[37,91180,65],{"class":51},[37,91182,1134],{"class":122},[37,91184,3760],{"class":51},[307,91186,91188],{"id":91187},"rangestart-stop",[15,91189,91190],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91192,91193,91194,91196,91197,292],{},"This starts at ",[15,91195,36182],{}," and stops before ",[15,91198,75513],{},[28,91200,91202],{"className":30,"code":91201,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91203,91204],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91205,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91207,92],{"class":91},[37,91209,95],{"class":51},[37,91211,8213],{"class":756},[37,91213,95],{"class":51},[37,91215,60089],{"class":91},[37,91217,95],{"class":51},[37,91219,508],{"class":122},[37,91221,65],{"class":51},[37,91223,1145],{"class":122},[37,91225,3041],{"class":51},[20,91227,112],{},[28,91229,91231],{"className":30,"code":91230,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91232,91233],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91234,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91236,1067],{"class":51},[37,91238,508],{"class":122},[37,91240,65],{"class":51},[37,91242,513],{"class":122},[37,91244,65],{"class":51},[37,91246,1134],{"class":122},[37,91248,65],{"class":51},[37,91250,527],{"class":122},[37,91252,3760],{"class":51},[307,91254,91256],{"id":91255},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91257,91258],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91260,91261],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[28,91263,91265],{"className":30,"code":91264,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91266,91267],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91268,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91270,92],{"class":91},[37,91272,95],{"class":51},[37,91274,8213],{"class":756},[37,91276,95],{"class":51},[37,91278,60089],{"class":91},[37,91280,95],{"class":51},[37,91282,501],{"class":122},[37,91284,65],{"class":51},[37,91286,6125],{"class":122},[37,91288,65],{"class":51},[37,91290,890],{"class":122},[37,91292,3041],{"class":51},[20,91294,112],{},[28,91296,91298],{"className":30,"code":91297,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91299,91300],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91301,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91303,1067],{"class":51},[37,91305,501],{"class":122},[37,91307,65],{"class":51},[37,91309,513],{"class":122},[37,91311,65],{"class":51},[37,91313,527],{"class":122},[37,91315,65],{"class":51},[37,91317,1564],{"class":122},[37,91319,65],{"class":51},[37,91321,54227],{"class":122},[37,91323,3760],{"class":51},[130,91325,91327],{"id":91326},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91329,91330],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[307,91332,91334],{"id":91333},"range5",[15,91335,90941],{},[28,91337,91338],{"className":30,"code":91134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91339,91340],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91341,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91343,92],{"class":91},[37,91345,95],{"class":51},[37,91347,8213],{"class":756},[37,91349,95],{"class":51},[37,91351,60089],{"class":91},[37,91353,95],{"class":51},[37,91355,446],{"class":122},[37,91357,3041],{"class":51},[20,91359,112],{},[28,91361,91362],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91363,91364],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91365,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91367,1067],{"class":51},[37,91369,1070],{"class":122},[37,91371,65],{"class":51},[37,91373,5619],{"class":122},[37,91375,65],{"class":51},[37,91377,890],{"class":122},[37,91379,65],{"class":51},[37,91381,513],{"class":122},[37,91383,65],{"class":51},[37,91385,1134],{"class":122},[37,91387,3760],{"class":51},[20,91389,91193,91390,91196,91392,292],{},[15,91391,1070],{},[15,91393,446],{},[307,91395,91397],{"id":91396},"range2-6",[15,91398,91399],{},"range(2, 6)",[28,91401,91402],{"className":30,"code":91201,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91403,91404],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91405,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91407,92],{"class":91},[37,91409,95],{"class":51},[37,91411,8213],{"class":756},[37,91413,95],{"class":51},[37,91415,60089],{"class":91},[37,91417,95],{"class":51},[37,91419,508],{"class":122},[37,91421,65],{"class":51},[37,91423,1145],{"class":122},[37,91425,3041],{"class":51},[20,91427,112],{},[28,91429,91430],{"className":30,"code":91230,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91431,91432],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91433,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91435,1067],{"class":51},[37,91437,508],{"class":122},[37,91439,65],{"class":51},[37,91441,513],{"class":122},[37,91443,65],{"class":51},[37,91445,1134],{"class":122},[37,91447,65],{"class":51},[37,91449,527],{"class":122},[37,91451,3760],{"class":51},[20,91453,91193,91454,91196,91456,292],{},[15,91455,508],{},[15,91457,80681],{},[307,91459,91461],{"id":91460},"range1-10-2",[15,91462,91463],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[28,91465,91466],{"className":30,"code":91264,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91467,91468],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91469,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91471,92],{"class":91},[37,91473,95],{"class":51},[37,91475,8213],{"class":756},[37,91477,95],{"class":51},[37,91479,60089],{"class":91},[37,91481,95],{"class":51},[37,91483,501],{"class":122},[37,91485,65],{"class":51},[37,91487,6125],{"class":122},[37,91489,65],{"class":51},[37,91491,890],{"class":122},[37,91493,3041],{"class":51},[20,91495,112],{},[28,91497,91498],{"className":30,"code":91297,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91499,91500],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91501,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91503,1067],{"class":51},[37,91505,501],{"class":122},[37,91507,65],{"class":51},[37,91509,513],{"class":122},[37,91511,65],{"class":51},[37,91513,527],{"class":122},[37,91515,65],{"class":51},[37,91517,1564],{"class":122},[37,91519,65],{"class":51},[37,91521,54227],{"class":122},[37,91523,3760],{"class":51},[20,91525,91526,91527,91529,91530,61392,91532,292],{},"This moves by ",[15,91528,508],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91531,501],{},[15,91533,2278],{},[307,91535,91537],{"id":91536},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91539,91540,91541,91543],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91542,36301],{}," count backward.",[28,91545,91547],{"className":30,"code":91546,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91548,91549],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91550,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91552,92],{"class":91},[37,91554,95],{"class":51},[37,91556,8213],{"class":756},[37,91558,95],{"class":51},[37,91560,60089],{"class":91},[37,91562,95],{"class":51},[37,91564,446],{"class":122},[37,91566,65],{"class":51},[37,91568,1498],{"class":122},[37,91570,65],{"class":51},[37,91572,2354],{"class":47},[37,91574,501],{"class":122},[37,91576,3041],{"class":51},[20,91578,112],{},[28,91580,91582],{"className":30,"code":91581,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91583,91584],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91585,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91587,1067],{"class":51},[37,91589,446],{"class":122},[37,91591,65],{"class":51},[37,91593,1134],{"class":122},[37,91595,65],{"class":51},[37,91597,513],{"class":122},[37,91599,65],{"class":51},[37,91601,890],{"class":122},[37,91603,65],{"class":51},[37,91605,5619],{"class":122},[37,91607,3760],{"class":51},[20,91609,91610],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91612,91613],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[28,91615,91617],{"className":30,"code":91616,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91618,91619],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91620,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91622,92],{"class":91},[37,91624,95],{"class":51},[37,91626,8213],{"class":756},[37,91628,95],{"class":51},[37,91630,60089],{"class":91},[37,91632,95],{"class":51},[37,91634,501],{"class":122},[37,91636,65],{"class":51},[37,91638,527],{"class":122},[37,91640,65],{"class":51},[37,91642,2354],{"class":47},[37,91644,501],{"class":122},[37,91646,3041],{"class":51},[20,91648,112],{},[28,91650,91651],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,91652,91653],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91654,91655],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91656,38399],{"class":51},[307,91658,91659,76676,91661],{"id":76900},[15,91660,75516],{},[15,91662,1070],{},[20,91664,2964],{},[28,91666,91668],{"className":30,"code":91667,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91669,91670],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91671,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91673,60089],{"class":91},[37,91675,95],{"class":51},[37,91677,501],{"class":122},[37,91679,65],{"class":51},[37,91681,527],{"class":122},[37,91683,65],{"class":51},[37,91685,1498],{"class":122},[37,91687,85],{"class":51},[20,91689,76945,91690,91692],{},[15,91691,40805],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[130,91694,1872,91696,91698,91699,91701],{"id":91695},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91697,36301],{}," in a ",[15,91700,1767],{}," loop",[20,91703,91704,91706],{},[15,91705,36301],{}," is most useful when:",[135,91708,91709,91712,91715],{},[138,91710,91711],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[138,91713,91714],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[138,91716,91717,91718],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91719,91720],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91722,197],{},[28,91724,91726],{"className":30,"code":91725,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91727,91728,91744],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91729,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740,91742],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91731,1767],{"class":1483},[37,91733,1770],{"class":43},[37,91735,1773],{"class":1483},[37,91737,1776],{"class":91},[37,91739,95],{"class":51},[37,91741,1129],{"class":122},[37,91743,8460],{"class":51},[37,91745,91746,91748,91750,91752,91755,91757,91759,91761],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91747,1506],{"class":91},[37,91749,95],{"class":51},[37,91751,56],{"class":55},[37,91753,91754],{"class":59},"Loop number:",[37,91756,56],{"class":55},[37,91758,65],{"class":51},[37,91760,36238],{"class":102},[37,91762,85],{"class":51},[20,91764,112],{},[28,91766,91768],{"className":30,"code":91767,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91769,91770,91779,91787],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91771,91772,91775,91777],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91773,91774],{"class":43},"Loop number",[37,91776,3013],{"class":51},[37,91778,38614],{"class":122},[37,91780,91781,91783,91785],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91782,91774],{"class":43},[37,91784,3013],{"class":51},[37,91786,29722],{"class":122},[37,91788,91789,91791,91793],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,91790,91774],{"class":43},[37,91792,3013],{"class":51},[37,91794,45687],{"class":122},[307,91796,91798],{"id":91797},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[28,91800,91802],{"className":30,"code":91801,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91803,91804,91820],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91805,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91807,1767],{"class":1483},[37,91809,1770],{"class":43},[37,91811,1773],{"class":1483},[37,91813,1776],{"class":91},[37,91815,95],{"class":51},[37,91817,446],{"class":122},[37,91819,8460],{"class":51},[37,91821,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91823,1506],{"class":91},[37,91825,95],{"class":51},[37,91827,56],{"class":55},[37,91829,34975],{"class":59},[37,91831,56],{"class":55},[37,91833,85],{"class":51},[20,91835,91836,91837,91839],{},"This prints ",[15,91838,90505],{}," five times.",[307,91841,91843],{"id":91842},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[28,91845,91847],{"className":30,"code":91846,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91848,91849,91869],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91850,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91852,1767],{"class":1483},[37,91854,1770],{"class":43},[37,91856,1773],{"class":1483},[37,91858,1776],{"class":91},[37,91860,95],{"class":51},[37,91862,501],{"class":122},[37,91864,65],{"class":51},[37,91866,1134],{"class":122},[37,91868,8460],{"class":51},[37,91870,91871,91873,91875,91877,91880,91882,91884,91886],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91872,1506],{"class":91},[37,91874,95],{"class":51},[37,91876,56],{"class":55},[37,91878,91879],{"class":59},"Current number is",[37,91881,56],{"class":55},[37,91883,65],{"class":51},[37,91885,36238],{"class":102},[37,91887,85],{"class":51},[20,91889,112],{},[28,91891,91893],{"className":30,"code":91892,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91894,91895,91904,91912],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91896,91897,91900,91902],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91898,91899],{"class":43},"Current number ",[37,91901,12306],{"class":47},[37,91903,29722],{"class":122},[37,91905,91906,91908,91910],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91907,91899],{"class":43},[37,91909,12306],{"class":47},[37,91911,45687],{"class":122},[37,91913,91914,91916,91918],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,91915,91899],{"class":43},[37,91917,12306],{"class":47},[37,91919,2707],{"class":122},[307,91921,91923,91925],{"id":91922},"range-and-indexing",[15,91924,36301],{}," and indexing",[20,91927,91928],{},"You may see code like this:",[28,91930,91932],{"className":30,"code":91931,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91933,91934,91966,91970,91990],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,91935,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,91937,670],{"class":43},[37,91939,48],{"class":47},[37,91941,519],{"class":51},[37,91943,56],{"class":55},[37,91945,285],{"class":59},[37,91947,56],{"class":55},[37,91949,65],{"class":51},[37,91951,68],{"class":55},[37,91953,777],{"class":59},[37,91955,56],{"class":55},[37,91957,65],{"class":51},[37,91959,68],{"class":55},[37,91961,1754],{"class":59},[37,91963,56],{"class":55},[37,91965,3760],{"class":51},[37,91967,91968],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,91969,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,91971,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,91973,1767],{"class":1483},[37,91975,1770],{"class":43},[37,91977,1773],{"class":1483},[37,91979,1776],{"class":91},[37,91981,95],{"class":51},[37,91983,17],{"class":91},[37,91985,95],{"class":51},[37,91987,687],{"class":102},[37,91989,1788],{"class":51},[37,91991,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,91993,1506],{"class":91},[37,91995,95],{"class":51},[37,91997,1797],{"class":102},[37,91999,65],{"class":51},[37,92001,6087],{"class":102},[37,92003,1067],{"class":51},[37,92005,1797],{"class":102},[37,92007,530],{"class":51},[20,92009,112],{},[28,92011,92012],{"className":30,"code":1815,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92013,92014,92020,92026],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92015,92016,92018],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92017,1070],{"class":122},[37,92019,1824],{"class":43},[37,92021,92022,92024],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92023,501],{"class":122},[37,92025,1831],{"class":43},[37,92027,92028,92030],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92029,508],{"class":122},[37,92031,1838],{"class":43},[20,92033,92034,92035,92039],{},"This works, and it uses ",[285,92036,92037],{"href":287},[15,92038,25],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92041,92042],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[28,92044,92046],{"className":30,"code":92045,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92047,92048,92080,92084,92096],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92049,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92051,670],{"class":43},[37,92053,48],{"class":47},[37,92055,519],{"class":51},[37,92057,56],{"class":55},[37,92059,285],{"class":59},[37,92061,56],{"class":55},[37,92063,65],{"class":51},[37,92065,68],{"class":55},[37,92067,777],{"class":59},[37,92069,56],{"class":55},[37,92071,65],{"class":51},[37,92073,68],{"class":55},[37,92075,1754],{"class":59},[37,92077,56],{"class":55},[37,92079,3760],{"class":51},[37,92081,92082],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92083,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,92085,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92087,1767],{"class":1483},[37,92089,6082],{"class":43},[37,92091,1773],{"class":1483},[37,92093,6087],{"class":43},[37,92095,1501],{"class":51},[37,92097,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,92099,1506],{"class":91},[37,92101,95],{"class":51},[37,92103,23417],{"class":102},[37,92105,85],{"class":51},[20,92107,36694,92108,92113],{},[285,92109,92111],{"href":92110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92112,35858],{}," is usually a better choice:",[28,92115,92117],{"className":30,"code":92116,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92118,92119,92151,92155,92175],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92120,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92122,670],{"class":43},[37,92124,48],{"class":47},[37,92126,519],{"class":51},[37,92128,56],{"class":55},[37,92130,285],{"class":59},[37,92132,56],{"class":55},[37,92134,65],{"class":51},[37,92136,68],{"class":55},[37,92138,777],{"class":59},[37,92140,56],{"class":55},[37,92142,65],{"class":51},[37,92144,68],{"class":55},[37,92146,1754],{"class":59},[37,92148,56],{"class":55},[37,92150,3760],{"class":51},[37,92152,92153],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92154,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,92156,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92158,1767],{"class":1483},[37,92160,35930],{"class":43},[37,92162,65],{"class":51},[37,92164,6082],{"class":43},[37,92166,1773],{"class":1483},[37,92168,35940],{"class":91},[37,92170,95],{"class":51},[37,92172,687],{"class":102},[37,92174,8460],{"class":51},[37,92176,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,92178,1506],{"class":91},[37,92180,95],{"class":51},[37,92182,35955],{"class":102},[37,92184,65],{"class":51},[37,92186,29614],{"class":102},[37,92188,85],{"class":51},[20,92190,79205,92191,292],{},[285,92192,36707,92193,36710],{"href":36706},[15,92194,35858],{},[130,92196,92198,92199,92201],{"id":92197},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92200,36301],{}," to a list",[20,92203,92204,92206],{},[15,92205,36301],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92208,92209,92210,3013],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92211,24888],{},[28,92213,92215],{"className":30,"code":92214,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92216,92217],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92218,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92220,92],{"class":91},[37,92222,95],{"class":51},[37,92224,8213],{"class":756},[37,92226,95],{"class":51},[37,92228,60089],{"class":91},[37,92230,95],{"class":51},[37,92232,1129],{"class":122},[37,92234,3041],{"class":51},[20,92236,112],{},[28,92238,92240],{"className":30,"code":92239,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92241,92242],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92243,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92245,1067],{"class":51},[37,92247,1070],{"class":122},[37,92249,65],{"class":51},[37,92251,5619],{"class":122},[37,92253,65],{"class":51},[37,92255,890],{"class":122},[37,92257,3760],{"class":51},[20,92259,33418],{},[135,92261,92262,92267,92270],{},[138,92263,92264,92265,42185],{},"learning how ",[15,92266,36301],{},[138,92268,92269],{},"checking your values",[138,92271,92272],{},"debugging code",[20,92274,5593],{},[28,92276,92278],{"className":30,"code":92277,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92279,92280,92294,92298,92308],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92281,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92283,207],{"class":43},[37,92285,48],{"class":47},[37,92287,1776],{"class":91},[37,92289,95],{"class":51},[37,92291,522],{"class":122},[37,92293,85],{"class":51},[37,92295,92296],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92297,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,92299,92300,92302,92304,92306],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92301,92],{"class":91},[37,92303,95],{"class":51},[37,92305,246],{"class":102},[37,92307,85],{"class":51},[37,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,92311,92],{"class":91},[37,92313,95],{"class":51},[37,92315,8213],{"class":756},[37,92317,95],{"class":51},[37,92319,246],{"class":102},[37,92321,106],{"class":51},[20,92323,112],{},[28,92325,92327],{"className":30,"code":92326,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92328,92329,92343],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92330,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92332,60089],{"class":91},[37,92334,95],{"class":51},[37,92336,1070],{"class":122},[37,92338,65],{"class":51},[37,92340,1134],{"class":122},[37,92342,85],{"class":51},[37,92344,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92346,1067],{"class":51},[37,92348,1070],{"class":122},[37,92350,65],{"class":51},[37,92352,5619],{"class":122},[37,92354,65],{"class":51},[37,92356,890],{"class":122},[37,92358,65],{"class":51},[37,92360,513],{"class":122},[37,92362,3760],{"class":51},[20,92364,92365,92366,10700,92368,92371],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92367,60089],{},[15,92369,92370],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[130,92373,155],{"id":4638},[20,92375,33647,92376,292],{},[15,92377,36301],{},[307,92379,92381],{"id":92380},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92383,92384],{},"Many beginners think this:",[28,92386,92388],{"className":30,"code":92387,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92389,92390],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92391,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92393,92],{"class":91},[37,92395,95],{"class":51},[37,92397,8213],{"class":756},[37,92399,95],{"class":51},[37,92401,60089],{"class":91},[37,92403,95],{"class":51},[37,92405,501],{"class":122},[37,92407,65],{"class":51},[37,92409,527],{"class":122},[37,92411,3041],{"class":51},[20,92413,92414],{},"will produce:",[28,92416,92418],{"className":30,"code":92417,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92419,92420],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92421,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92423,1067],{"class":51},[37,92425,501],{"class":122},[37,92427,65],{"class":51},[37,92429,890],{"class":122},[37,92431,65],{"class":51},[37,92433,513],{"class":122},[37,92435,65],{"class":51},[37,92437,1134],{"class":122},[37,92439,65],{"class":51},[37,92441,527],{"class":122},[37,92443,3760],{"class":51},[20,92445,92446],{},"But the real output is:",[28,92448,92449],{"className":30,"code":53597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92450,92451],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92452,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92454,1067],{"class":51},[37,92456,501],{"class":122},[37,92458,65],{"class":51},[37,92460,890],{"class":122},[37,92462,65],{"class":51},[37,92464,513],{"class":122},[37,92466,65],{"class":51},[37,92468,1134],{"class":122},[37,92470,3760],{"class":51},[20,92472,92473],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[307,92475,4699,92477,92479,92480],{"id":92476},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92478,90941],{}," starts at ",[15,92481,501],{},[20,92483,37570,92484,19071,92486,292],{},[15,92485,1070],{},[15,92487,501],{},[28,92489,92490],{"className":30,"code":91134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92491,92492],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92493,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92495,92],{"class":91},[37,92497,95],{"class":51},[37,92499,8213],{"class":756},[37,92501,95],{"class":51},[37,92503,60089],{"class":91},[37,92505,95],{"class":51},[37,92507,446],{"class":122},[37,92509,3041],{"class":51},[20,92511,112],{},[28,92513,92514],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92515,92516],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92517,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92519,1067],{"class":51},[37,92521,1070],{"class":122},[37,92523,65],{"class":51},[37,92525,5619],{"class":122},[37,92527,65],{"class":51},[37,92529,890],{"class":122},[37,92531,65],{"class":51},[37,92533,513],{"class":122},[37,92535,65],{"class":51},[37,92537,1134],{"class":122},[37,92539,3760],{"class":51},[307,92541,92543],{"id":92542},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92545,92546,92547,3013],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92548,3087],{},[28,92550,92552],{"className":30,"code":92551,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92553,92554,92573,92577,92594],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92555,92556,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92557,92558],{"class":43},"user_number ",[37,92560,48],{"class":47},[37,92562,8360],{"class":91},[37,92564,95],{"class":51},[37,92566,56],{"class":55},[37,92568,41971],{"class":59},[37,92570,56],{"class":55},[37,92572,85],{"class":51},[37,92574,92575],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92576,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,92578,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92592],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92580,1767],{"class":1483},[37,92582,1770],{"class":43},[37,92584,1773],{"class":1483},[37,92586,1776],{"class":91},[37,92588,95],{"class":51},[37,92590,92591],{"class":102},"user_number",[37,92593,8460],{"class":51},[37,92595,92596,92598,92600,92602],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,92597,1506],{"class":91},[37,92599,95],{"class":51},[37,92601,1797],{"class":102},[37,92603,85],{"class":51},[20,92605,48605,92606,92608],{},[15,92607,3087],{}," returns a string.",[20,92610,10923],{},[28,92612,92614],{"className":30,"code":92613,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92615,92616,92638,92642,92658],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92617,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92619,92558],{"class":43},[37,92621,48],{"class":47},[37,92623,45374],{"class":756},[37,92625,95],{"class":51},[37,92627,42561],{"class":91},[37,92629,95],{"class":51},[37,92631,56],{"class":55},[37,92633,41971],{"class":59},[37,92635,56],{"class":55},[37,92637,106],{"class":51},[37,92639,92640],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92641,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,92643,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92645,1767],{"class":1483},[37,92647,1770],{"class":43},[37,92649,1773],{"class":1483},[37,92651,1776],{"class":91},[37,92653,95],{"class":51},[37,92655,92591],{"class":102},[37,92657,8460],{"class":51},[37,92659,92660,92662,92664,92666],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,92661,1506],{"class":91},[37,92663,95],{"class":51},[37,92665,1797],{"class":102},[37,92667,85],{"class":51},[20,92669,92670,92671,292],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[285,92672,50617,92673],{"href":50616},[15,92674,50620],{},[307,92676,92678,92679,92681,92682],{"id":92677},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92680,36182],{}," smaller than ",[15,92683,75513],{},[20,92685,92686],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[28,92688,92689],{"className":30,"code":91616,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92690,92691],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92692,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92694,92],{"class":91},[37,92696,95],{"class":51},[37,92698,8213],{"class":756},[37,92700,95],{"class":51},[37,92702,60089],{"class":91},[37,92704,95],{"class":51},[37,92706,501],{"class":122},[37,92708,65],{"class":51},[37,92710,527],{"class":122},[37,92712,65],{"class":51},[37,92714,2354],{"class":47},[37,92716,501],{"class":122},[37,92718,3041],{"class":51},[20,92720,112],{},[28,92722,92723],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92724,92725],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92726,92727],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92728,38399],{"class":51},[20,92730,92731],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[307,92733,25724,92735],{"id":92734},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92736,92737],{},"step = 0",[20,92739,77656],{},[28,92741,92743],{"className":30,"code":92742,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92744,92745],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92746,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92748,60089],{"class":91},[37,92750,95],{"class":51},[37,92752,501],{"class":122},[37,92754,65],{"class":51},[37,92756,6125],{"class":122},[37,92758,65],{"class":51},[37,92760,1498],{"class":122},[37,92762,85],{"class":51},[20,92764,92765],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[307,92767,4823,92769,92771],{"id":92768},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92770,36301],{}," is not a list",[20,92773,92774],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[28,92776,92778],{"className":30,"code":92777,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92779,92780],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92781,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92783,92],{"class":91},[37,92785,95],{"class":51},[37,92787,60089],{"class":91},[37,92789,95],{"class":51},[37,92791,446],{"class":122},[37,92793,106],{"class":51},[20,92795,112],{},[28,92797,92799],{"className":30,"code":92798,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92800,92801],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92802,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92804,60089],{"class":91},[37,92806,95],{"class":51},[37,92808,1070],{"class":122},[37,92810,65],{"class":51},[37,92812,527],{"class":122},[37,92814,85],{"class":51},[20,92816,92817],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[28,92819,92820],{"className":30,"code":91134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92821,92822],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92823,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92825,92],{"class":91},[37,92827,95],{"class":51},[37,92829,8213],{"class":756},[37,92831,95],{"class":51},[37,92833,60089],{"class":91},[37,92835,95],{"class":51},[37,92837,446],{"class":122},[37,92839,3041],{"class":51},[20,92841,112],{},[28,92843,92844],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,92845,92846],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92847,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92849,1067],{"class":51},[37,92851,1070],{"class":122},[37,92853,65],{"class":51},[37,92855,5619],{"class":122},[37,92857,65],{"class":51},[37,92859,890],{"class":122},[37,92861,65],{"class":51},[37,92863,513],{"class":122},[37,92865,65],{"class":51},[37,92867,1134],{"class":122},[37,92869,3760],{"class":51},[130,92871,92873],{"id":92872},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92875,8994,92876,82427],{},[15,92877,36301],{},[28,92879,92881],{"className":30,"code":92880,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92882,92883,92897,92915,92937,92965],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,92884,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,92886,92],{"class":91},[37,92888,95],{"class":51},[37,92890,60089],{"class":91},[37,92892,95],{"class":51},[37,92894,446],{"class":122},[37,92896,106],{"class":51},[37,92898,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,92900,92],{"class":91},[37,92902,95],{"class":51},[37,92904,8213],{"class":756},[37,92906,95],{"class":51},[37,92908,60089],{"class":91},[37,92910,95],{"class":51},[37,92912,446],{"class":122},[37,92914,3041],{"class":51},[37,92916,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,92918,92],{"class":91},[37,92920,95],{"class":51},[37,92922,8213],{"class":756},[37,92924,95],{"class":51},[37,92926,60089],{"class":91},[37,92928,95],{"class":51},[37,92930,508],{"class":122},[37,92932,65],{"class":51},[37,92934,6481],{"class":122},[37,92936,3041],{"class":51},[37,92938,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,92940,92],{"class":91},[37,92942,95],{"class":51},[37,92944,8213],{"class":756},[37,92946,95],{"class":51},[37,92948,60089],{"class":91},[37,92950,95],{"class":51},[37,92952,214],{"class":122},[37,92954,65],{"class":51},[37,92956,1498],{"class":122},[37,92958,65],{"class":51},[37,92960,2354],{"class":47},[37,92962,508],{"class":122},[37,92964,3041],{"class":51},[37,92966,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,92968,92],{"class":91},[37,92970,95],{"class":51},[37,92972,757],{"class":756},[37,92974,95],{"class":51},[37,92976,60089],{"class":91},[37,92978,95],{"class":51},[37,92980,446],{"class":122},[37,92982,3041],{"class":51},[20,92984,26115],{},[135,92986,92987,92990,92993],{},[138,92988,92989],{},"what values are being created",[138,92991,92992],{},"whether the direction is correct",[138,92994,92995,92996,24724],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92997,60089],{},[130,92999,1969],{"id":1968},[307,93001,1983,93003,93005],{"id":93002},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93004,36301],{}," include the last number?",[20,93007,93008],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[307,93010,5278,93012,93014,93015,2623],{"id":93011},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93013,90941],{}," start at ",[15,93016,1070],{},[20,93018,93019,93020,292],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93021,1070],{},[307,93023,5290,93025,93027],{"id":93024},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93026,36301],{}," count backward?",[20,93029,93030,93031,292],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93032,93033],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[307,93035,15013,93037,26149],{"id":93036},"is-range-a-list",[15,93038,36301],{},[20,93040,26152,93041,93043,93044,24045],{},[15,93042,60089],{}," object. Use ",[15,93045,93046],{},"list(range(...))",[307,93048,5278,93050,48778],{"id":93049},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93051,93052],{},"range(input())",[20,93054,93055,3610,93057,292],{},[15,93056,3087],{},[15,93058,93059],{},"int(input())",[130,93061,2025],{"id":2024},[135,93063,93064,93068,93074,93080,93086],{},[138,93065,93066],{},[285,93067,36138],{"href":36137},[138,93069,93070],{},[285,93071,288,93072,291],{"href":287},[15,93073,25],{},[138,93075,93076],{},[285,93077,288,93078,291],{"href":92110},[15,93079,35858],{},[138,93081,93082],{},[285,93083,37621,93084,36710],{"href":36706},[15,93085,35858],{},[138,93087,93088],{},[285,93089,50617,93090],{"href":50616},[15,93091,50620],{},[2052,93093,93094],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":93096},[93097,93098,93100,93106,93114,93121,93123,93135,93136,93148],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":90950,"depth":88,"text":93099},"What range() does",{"id":91043,"depth":88,"text":93101,"children":93102},"range() syntax",[93103,93104,93105],{"id":91123,"depth":251,"text":91126},{"id":91187,"depth":251,"text":91190},{"id":91255,"depth":251,"text":91258},{"id":91326,"depth":88,"text":91327,"children":93107},[93108,93109,93110,93111,93112],{"id":91333,"depth":251,"text":90941},{"id":91396,"depth":251,"text":91399},{"id":91460,"depth":251,"text":91463},{"id":91536,"depth":251,"text":91537},{"id":76900,"depth":251,"text":93113},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91695,"depth":88,"text":93115,"children":93116},"Using range() in a for loop",[93117,93118,93119],{"id":91797,"depth":251,"text":91798},{"id":91842,"depth":251,"text":91843},{"id":91922,"depth":251,"text":93120},"range() and indexing",{"id":92197,"depth":88,"text":93122},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":93124},[93125,93126,93128,93129,93131,93133],{"id":92380,"depth":251,"text":92381},{"id":92476,"depth":251,"text":93127},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92542,"depth":251,"text":92543},{"id":92677,"depth":251,"text":93130},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92734,"depth":251,"text":93132},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92768,"depth":251,"text":93134},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92872,"depth":88,"text":92873},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":93137},[93138,93140,93142,93144,93146],{"id":93002,"depth":251,"text":93139},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93011,"depth":251,"text":93141},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93024,"depth":251,"text":93143},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93036,"depth":251,"text":93145},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93049,"depth":251,"text":93147},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90844,"description":93149},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93156,"title":93157,"body":93158,"description":94831,"extension":2099,"meta":94832,"navigation":254,"path":94833,"seo":94834,"stem":94835,"__hash__":94836},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93159,"toc":94804},[93160,93169,93176,93193,93209,93211,93260,93268,93272,93275,93295,93297,93361,93363,93406,93409,93455,93457,93490,93500,93506,93514,93531,93533,93564,93566,93591,93596,93607,93610,93680,93682,93713,93718,93723,93740,93742,93793,93795,93828,93831,93838,93843,93847,93863,93865,93909,93911,93957,93960,93973,93978,93982,93996,93998,94049,94051,94084,94089,94091,94098,94100,94123,94125,94190,94192,94209,94212,94245,94247,94275,94285,94292,94296,94299,94317,94320,94348,94351,94369,94374,94380,94383,94405,94407,94435,94437,94440,94465,94468,94581,94583,94662,94664,94670,94675,94683,94691,94695,94698,94700,94733,94735,94743,94749,94756,94763,94766,94768,94801],[10,93161,288,93163,10700,93165,93168],{"id":93162},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93164,36301],{},[15,93166,93167],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93170,93171,851,93173,93175],{},[15,93172,36301],{},[15,93174,93167],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[135,93177,93178,93186],{},[138,93179,93180,93182,93183],{},[15,93181,36301],{}," creates a ",[110,93184,93185],{},"range object",[138,93187,93188,93182,93190],{},[15,93189,93167],{},[110,93191,93192],{},"real list",[20,93194,93195,93196,93198,93199,93202,93203,93205,93206,93208],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93197,90941],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93200,93201],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93204,36301],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93207,93167],{}," when you actually need a list.",[130,93210,3734],{"id":3733},[28,93212,93214],{"className":30,"code":93213,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93215,93216,93230,93243],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93217,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93219,207],{"class":43},[37,93221,48],{"class":47},[37,93223,1776],{"class":91},[37,93225,95],{"class":51},[37,93227,446],{"class":122},[37,93229,85],{"class":51},[37,93231,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93233,92],{"class":91},[37,93235,95],{"class":51},[37,93237,246],{"class":102},[37,93239,18],{"class":51},[37,93241,93242],{"class":3788},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[37,93244,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93246,92],{"class":91},[37,93248,95],{"class":51},[37,93250,8213],{"class":756},[37,93252,95],{"class":51},[37,93254,246],{"class":102},[37,93256,5482],{"class":51},[37,93258,93259],{"class":3788},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93261,22,93262,93264,93265,93267],{},[15,93263,36301],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93266,93167],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[130,93269,93271],{"id":93270},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93273,93274],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[135,93276,93277,93284,93289,93292],{},[138,93278,93279,22082,93281,93283],{},[15,93280,36301],{},[110,93282,93185],{},", not a list",[138,93285,93286,93288],{},[15,93287,93167],{}," converts that range object into a list",[138,93290,93291],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[138,93293,93294],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93296,197],{},[28,93298,93300],{"className":30,"code":93299,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93301,93302,93317,93336,93340,93350],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93303,93304,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93305,93306],{"class":43},"r ",[37,93308,48],{"class":47},[37,93310,1776],{"class":91},[37,93312,95],{"class":51},[37,93314,446],{"class":122},[37,93316,85],{"class":51},[37,93318,93319,93322,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93320,93321],{"class":43},"lst ",[37,93323,48],{"class":47},[37,93325,22666],{"class":756},[37,93327,95],{"class":51},[37,93329,60089],{"class":91},[37,93331,95],{"class":51},[37,93333,446],{"class":122},[37,93335,106],{"class":51},[37,93337,93338],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93339,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,93341,93342,93344,93346,93348],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,93343,92],{"class":91},[37,93345,95],{"class":51},[37,93347,60596],{"class":102},[37,93349,85],{"class":51},[37,93351,93352,93354,93356,93359],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,93353,92],{"class":91},[37,93355,95],{"class":51},[37,93357,93358],{"class":102},"lst",[37,93360,85],{"class":51},[20,93362,112],{},[28,93364,93366],{"className":30,"code":93365,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93367,93368,93382],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93369,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93371,60089],{"class":91},[37,93373,95],{"class":51},[37,93375,1070],{"class":122},[37,93377,65],{"class":51},[37,93379,527],{"class":122},[37,93381,85],{"class":51},[37,93383,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93385,1067],{"class":51},[37,93387,1070],{"class":122},[37,93389,65],{"class":51},[37,93391,5619],{"class":122},[37,93393,65],{"class":51},[37,93395,890],{"class":122},[37,93397,65],{"class":51},[37,93399,513],{"class":122},[37,93401,65],{"class":51},[37,93403,1134],{"class":122},[37,93405,3760],{"class":51},[20,93407,93408],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[28,93410,93412],{"className":30,"code":93411,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93413,93414,93432],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93415,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93417,92],{"class":91},[37,93419,95],{"class":51},[37,93421,757],{"class":756},[37,93423,95],{"class":51},[37,93425,60089],{"class":91},[37,93427,95],{"class":51},[37,93429,446],{"class":122},[37,93431,3041],{"class":51},[37,93433,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93435,92],{"class":91},[37,93437,95],{"class":51},[37,93439,757],{"class":756},[37,93441,95],{"class":51},[37,93443,8213],{"class":756},[37,93445,95],{"class":51},[37,93447,60089],{"class":91},[37,93449,95],{"class":51},[37,93451,446],{"class":122},[37,93453,93454],{"class":51},"))))\n",[20,93456,112],{},[28,93458,93460],{"className":30,"code":93459,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93461,93462,93476],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93463,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93465,808],{"class":47},[37,93467,812],{"class":811},[37,93469,815],{"class":55},[37,93471,60089],{"class":59},[37,93473,821],{"class":55},[37,93475,824],{"class":47},[37,93477,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93479,808],{"class":47},[37,93481,812],{"class":811},[37,93483,815],{"class":55},[37,93485,8213],{"class":59},[37,93487,821],{"class":55},[37,93489,824],{"class":47},[20,93491,93492,93493,93495,93496,292],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93494,36301],{}," works, see ",[285,93497,288,93498,291],{"href":93151},[15,93499,36301],{},[130,93501,296,93503,93505],{"id":93502},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93504,36301],{}," gives you",[20,93507,93508,93510,93511,93513],{},[15,93509,36301],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93512,1767],{}," loops.",[135,93515,93516,93519,93522,93525],{},[138,93517,93518],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[138,93520,93521],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[138,93523,93524],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[138,93526,93527,93528],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93529,93530],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93532,197],{},[28,93534,93536],{"className":30,"code":93535,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93537,93538,93554],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93539,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550,93552],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93541,1767],{"class":1483},[37,93543,1770],{"class":43},[37,93545,1773],{"class":1483},[37,93547,1776],{"class":91},[37,93549,95],{"class":51},[37,93551,446],{"class":122},[37,93553,8460],{"class":51},[37,93555,93556,93558,93560,93562],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93557,1506],{"class":91},[37,93559,95],{"class":51},[37,93561,1797],{"class":102},[37,93563,85],{"class":51},[20,93565,112],{},[28,93567,93569],{"className":30,"code":93568,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93570,93571,93575,93579,93583,93587],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93572,93573],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93574,419],{"class":122},[37,93576,93577],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93578,471],{"class":122},[37,93580,93581],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93582,1008],{"class":122},[37,93584,93585],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,93586,115],{"class":122},[37,93588,93589],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,93590,274],{"class":122},[20,93592,1088,93593,93595],{},[15,93594,90941],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93597,93598,93599,93601,93602,292],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93600,36301],{}," is so common with ",[285,93603,288,93605,90972],{"href":93604},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93606,1767],{},[20,93608,93609],{},"You can also inspect it:",[28,93611,93613],{"className":30,"code":93612,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93614,93615,93637,93641,93651,93665],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93616,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93618,93306],{"class":43},[37,93620,48],{"class":47},[37,93622,1776],{"class":91},[37,93624,95],{"class":51},[37,93626,508],{"class":122},[37,93628,65],{"class":51},[37,93630,6125],{"class":122},[37,93632,65],{"class":51},[37,93634,890],{"class":122},[37,93636,85],{"class":51},[37,93638,93639],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93640,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,93642,93643,93645,93647,93649],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93644,92],{"class":91},[37,93646,95],{"class":51},[37,93648,60596],{"class":102},[37,93650,85],{"class":51},[37,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,93654,92],{"class":91},[37,93656,95],{"class":51},[37,93658,17],{"class":91},[37,93660,95],{"class":51},[37,93662,60596],{"class":102},[37,93664,106],{"class":51},[37,93666,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93678],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,93668,92],{"class":91},[37,93670,95],{"class":51},[37,93672,80681],{"class":122},[37,93674,21280],{"class":1483},[37,93676,93677],{"class":102}," r",[37,93679,85],{"class":51},[20,93681,112],{},[28,93683,93685],{"className":30,"code":93684,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93686,93687,93705,93709],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93688,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93690,60089],{"class":91},[37,93692,95],{"class":51},[37,93694,508],{"class":122},[37,93696,65],{"class":51},[37,93698,6125],{"class":122},[37,93700,65],{"class":51},[37,93702,890],{"class":122},[37,93704,85],{"class":51},[37,93706,93707],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93708,274],{"class":122},[37,93710,93711],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93712,4103],{"class":3977},[130,93714,296,93716,93505],{"id":93715},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93717,93167],{},[20,93719,93720,93722],{},[15,93721,93167],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[135,93724,93725,93728,93731,93734],{},[138,93726,93727],{},"It creates all values at once",[138,93729,93730],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[138,93732,93733],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[138,93735,93736,93737,93739],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93738,36301],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93741,197],{},[28,93743,93745],{"className":30,"code":93744,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93746,93747,93765,93769,93779],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93748,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93750,207],{"class":43},[37,93752,48],{"class":47},[37,93754,22666],{"class":756},[37,93756,95],{"class":51},[37,93758,60089],{"class":91},[37,93760,95],{"class":51},[37,93762,446],{"class":122},[37,93764,106],{"class":51},[37,93766,93767],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93768,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,93770,93771,93773,93775,93777],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93772,92],{"class":91},[37,93774,95],{"class":51},[37,93776,246],{"class":102},[37,93778,85],{"class":51},[37,93780,93781,93783,93785,93787,93789,93791],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,93782,92],{"class":91},[37,93784,95],{"class":51},[37,93786,246],{"class":102},[37,93788,1067],{"class":51},[37,93790,508],{"class":122},[37,93792,530],{"class":51},[20,93794,112],{},[28,93796,93798],{"className":30,"code":93797,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93799,93800,93824],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93801,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820,93822],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93803,1067],{"class":51},[37,93805,1070],{"class":122},[37,93807,65],{"class":51},[37,93809,5619],{"class":122},[37,93811,65],{"class":51},[37,93813,890],{"class":122},[37,93815,65],{"class":51},[37,93817,513],{"class":122},[37,93819,65],{"class":51},[37,93821,1134],{"class":122},[37,93823,3760],{"class":51},[37,93825,93826],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93827,1008],{"class":122},[20,93829,93830],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93832,93833,93834,292],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[285,93835,288,93836,291],{"href":64938},[15,93837,24888],{},[130,93839,5080,93841],{"id":93840},"when-to-use-range",[15,93842,36301],{},[20,93844,22,93845,10716],{},[15,93846,36301],{},[135,93848,93849,93854,93857,93860],{},[138,93850,93851,93852,91701],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93853,1767],{},[138,93855,93856],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[138,93858,93859],{},"You are working with large sequences",[138,93861,93862],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93864,197],{},[28,93866,93868],{"className":30,"code":93867,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93869,93870,93890],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93871,93872,93874,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93873,1767],{"class":1483},[37,93875,1770],{"class":43},[37,93877,1773],{"class":1483},[37,93879,1776],{"class":91},[37,93881,95],{"class":51},[37,93883,501],{"class":122},[37,93885,65],{"class":51},[37,93887,1145],{"class":122},[37,93889,8460],{"class":51},[37,93891,93892,93894,93896,93898,93901,93903,93905,93907],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93893,1506],{"class":91},[37,93895,95],{"class":51},[37,93897,56],{"class":55},[37,93899,93900],{"class":59},"Count:",[37,93902,56],{"class":55},[37,93904,65],{"class":51},[37,93906,36238],{"class":102},[37,93908,85],{"class":51},[20,93910,112],{},[28,93912,93914],{"className":30,"code":93913,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93915,93916,93925,93933,93941,93949],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,93917,93918,93921,93923],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,93919,93920],{"class":43},"Count",[37,93922,3013],{"class":51},[37,93924,29722],{"class":122},[37,93926,93927,93929,93931],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,93928,93920],{"class":43},[37,93930,3013],{"class":51},[37,93932,45687],{"class":122},[37,93934,93935,93937,93939],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,93936,93920],{"class":43},[37,93938,3013],{"class":51},[37,93940,2707],{"class":122},[37,93942,93943,93945,93947],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,93944,93920],{"class":43},[37,93946,3013],{"class":51},[37,93948,23770],{"class":122},[37,93950,93951,93953,93955],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,93952,93920],{"class":43},[37,93954,3013],{"class":51},[37,93956,34950],{"class":122},[20,93958,93959],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93961,93962,93963,93965,93966,62379,93968,292],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93964,35858],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93967,36700],{},[285,93969,36707,93971,36710],{"href":93970},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93972,35858],{},[130,93974,5080,93976],{"id":93975},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93977,93167],{},[20,93979,22,93980,10716],{},[15,93981,93167],{},[135,93983,93984,93987,93990,93993],{},[138,93985,93986],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[138,93988,93989],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[138,93991,93992],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[138,93994,93995],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93997,197],{},[28,93999,94001],{"className":30,"code":94000,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94002,94003,94021,94035,94039],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94004,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94006,207],{"class":43},[37,94008,48],{"class":47},[37,94010,22666],{"class":756},[37,94012,95],{"class":51},[37,94014,60089],{"class":91},[37,94016,95],{"class":51},[37,94018,446],{"class":122},[37,94020,106],{"class":51},[37,94022,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94024,246],{"class":43},[37,94026,292],{"class":51},[37,94028,13662],{"class":102},[37,94030,95],{"class":51},[37,94032,446],{"class":122},[37,94034,85],{"class":51},[37,94036,94037],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,94038,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,94040,94041,94043,94045,94047],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,94042,92],{"class":91},[37,94044,95],{"class":51},[37,94046,246],{"class":102},[37,94048,85],{"class":51},[20,94050,112],{},[28,94052,94054],{"className":30,"code":94053,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94055,94056],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94057,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94059,1067],{"class":51},[37,94061,1070],{"class":122},[37,94063,65],{"class":51},[37,94065,5619],{"class":122},[37,94067,65],{"class":51},[37,94069,890],{"class":122},[37,94071,65],{"class":51},[37,94073,513],{"class":122},[37,94075,65],{"class":51},[37,94077,1134],{"class":122},[37,94079,65],{"class":51},[37,94081,527],{"class":122},[37,94083,3760],{"class":51},[20,94085,6181,94086,94088],{},[15,94087,246],{}," is a list.",[130,94090,15705],{"id":15704},[20,94092,94093,94095,94096,292],{},[15,94094,36301],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[110,94097,37700],{},[20,94099,2242],{},[135,94101,94102,94104,94109,94114,94117],{},[138,94103,22092],{},[138,94105,94106,94107],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94108,25],{},[138,94110,94111,94112],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94113,1773],{},[138,94115,94116],{},"You can index it",[138,94118,94119,94120,94122],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94121,52744],{}," do not work on it",[20,94124,197],{},[28,94126,94128],{"className":30,"code":94127,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94129,94130,94144,94148,94162,94176],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94131,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94133,93306],{"class":43},[37,94135,48],{"class":47},[37,94137,1776],{"class":91},[37,94139,95],{"class":51},[37,94141,446],{"class":122},[37,94143,85],{"class":51},[37,94145,94146],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94147,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,94149,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,94151,92],{"class":91},[37,94153,95],{"class":51},[37,94155,60596],{"class":102},[37,94157,1067],{"class":51},[37,94159,508],{"class":122},[37,94161,530],{"class":51},[37,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,94165,92],{"class":91},[37,94167,95],{"class":51},[37,94169,17],{"class":91},[37,94171,95],{"class":51},[37,94173,60596],{"class":102},[37,94175,106],{"class":51},[37,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,94179,92],{"class":91},[37,94181,95],{"class":51},[37,94183,1129],{"class":122},[37,94185,21280],{"class":1483},[37,94187,93677],{"class":102},[37,94189,85],{"class":51},[20,94191,112],{},[28,94193,94195],{"className":30,"code":94194,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94196,94197,94201,94205],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94198,94199],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94200,1008],{"class":122},[37,94202,94203],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94204,3076],{"class":122},[37,94206,94207],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,94208,4103],{"class":3977},[20,94210,94211],{},"Now compare that with this:",[28,94213,94215],{"className":30,"code":94214,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94216,94217,94231],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94218,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94220,93306],{"class":43},[37,94222,48],{"class":47},[37,94224,1776],{"class":91},[37,94226,95],{"class":51},[37,94228,446],{"class":122},[37,94230,85],{"class":51},[37,94232,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241,94243],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94234,60596],{"class":43},[37,94236,292],{"class":51},[37,94238,13662],{"class":102},[37,94240,95],{"class":51},[37,94242,446],{"class":122},[37,94244,85],{"class":51},[20,94246,112],{},[28,94248,94250],{"className":30,"code":94249,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94251,94252],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94253,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266,94269,94271,94273],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94255,25779],{"class":756},[37,94257,3013],{"class":51},[37,94259,815],{"class":55},[37,94261,60089],{"class":59},[37,94263,821],{"class":55},[37,94265,24724],{"class":756},[37,94267,94268],{"class":43}," has no attribute ",[37,94270,821],{"class":55},[37,94272,13662],{"class":59},[37,94274,29807],{"class":55},[20,94276,94277,94278,2321,94280,2325,94282,94284],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94279,52744],{},[15,94281,55620],{},[15,94283,64402],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94286,94287,94288,292],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[285,94289,25787,94290],{"href":35528},[15,94291,34362],{},[130,94293,94295],{"id":94294},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94297,94298],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[28,94300,94301],{"className":30,"code":92777,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,94302,94303],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94306,92],{"class":91},[37,94308,95],{"class":51},[37,94310,60089],{"class":91},[37,94312,95],{"class":51},[37,94314,446],{"class":122},[37,94316,106],{"class":51},[20,94318,94319],{},"to show:",[28,94321,94322],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,94323,94324],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94325,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94327,1067],{"class":51},[37,94329,1070],{"class":122},[37,94331,65],{"class":51},[37,94333,5619],{"class":122},[37,94335,65],{"class":51},[37,94337,890],{"class":122},[37,94339,65],{"class":51},[37,94341,513],{"class":122},[37,94343,65],{"class":51},[37,94345,1134],{"class":122},[37,94347,3760],{"class":51},[20,94349,94350],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[28,94352,94353],{"className":30,"code":92798,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,94354,94355],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94356,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94358,60089],{"class":91},[37,94360,95],{"class":51},[37,94362,1070],{"class":122},[37,94364,65],{"class":51},[37,94366,527],{"class":122},[37,94368,85],{"class":51},[20,94370,4747,94371,94373],{},[110,94372,711],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94375,94376,94377,94379],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[110,94378,93185],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94381,94382],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[28,94384,94385],{"className":30,"code":91134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,94386,94387],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94388,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94390,92],{"class":91},[37,94392,95],{"class":51},[37,94394,8213],{"class":756},[37,94396,95],{"class":51},[37,94398,60089],{"class":91},[37,94400,95],{"class":51},[37,94402,446],{"class":122},[37,94404,3041],{"class":51},[20,94406,112],{},[28,94408,94409],{"className":30,"code":60112,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,94410,94411],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94412,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94414,1067],{"class":51},[37,94416,1070],{"class":122},[37,94418,65],{"class":51},[37,94420,5619],{"class":122},[37,94422,65],{"class":51},[37,94424,890],{"class":122},[37,94426,65],{"class":51},[37,94428,513],{"class":122},[37,94430,65],{"class":51},[37,94432,1134],{"class":122},[37,94434,3760],{"class":51},[130,94436,1854],{"id":1853},[20,94438,94439],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[135,94441,94442,94448,94451,94457],{},[138,94443,1872,94444,94447],{},[15,94445,94446],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[138,94449,94450],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[138,94452,94453,94454,94456],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94455,36301],{}," is iterable but not a list",[138,94458,1872,94459,94461,94462,94464],{},[15,94460,93167],{}," when plain ",[15,94463,36301],{}," would be simpler",[20,94466,94467],{},"These quick checks can help:",[28,94469,94471],{"className":30,"code":94470,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94472,94473,94487,94505,94523,94545,94563],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94474,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94476,92],{"class":91},[37,94478,95],{"class":51},[37,94480,60089],{"class":91},[37,94482,95],{"class":51},[37,94484,446],{"class":122},[37,94486,106],{"class":51},[37,94488,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94490,92],{"class":91},[37,94492,95],{"class":51},[37,94494,8213],{"class":756},[37,94496,95],{"class":51},[37,94498,60089],{"class":91},[37,94500,95],{"class":51},[37,94502,446],{"class":122},[37,94504,3041],{"class":51},[37,94506,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515,94517,94519,94521],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,94508,92],{"class":91},[37,94510,95],{"class":51},[37,94512,757],{"class":756},[37,94514,95],{"class":51},[37,94516,60089],{"class":91},[37,94518,95],{"class":51},[37,94520,446],{"class":122},[37,94522,3041],{"class":51},[37,94524,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,94526,92],{"class":91},[37,94528,95],{"class":51},[37,94530,757],{"class":756},[37,94532,95],{"class":51},[37,94534,8213],{"class":756},[37,94536,95],{"class":51},[37,94538,60089],{"class":91},[37,94540,95],{"class":51},[37,94542,446],{"class":122},[37,94544,93454],{"class":51},[37,94546,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,94548,92],{"class":91},[37,94550,95],{"class":51},[37,94552,1129],{"class":122},[37,94554,21280],{"class":1483},[37,94556,1776],{"class":91},[37,94558,95],{"class":51},[37,94560,446],{"class":122},[37,94562,106],{"class":51},[37,94564,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,94566,92],{"class":91},[37,94568,95],{"class":51},[37,94570,17],{"class":91},[37,94572,95],{"class":51},[37,94574,60089],{"class":91},[37,94576,95],{"class":51},[37,94578,446],{"class":122},[37,94580,3041],{"class":51},[20,94582,112],{},[28,94584,94586],{"className":30,"code":94585,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94587,94588,94602,94626,94640,94654,94658],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94589,94590,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94591,60089],{"class":91},[37,94593,95],{"class":51},[37,94595,1070],{"class":122},[37,94597,65],{"class":51},[37,94599,527],{"class":122},[37,94601,85],{"class":51},[37,94603,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94605,1067],{"class":51},[37,94607,1070],{"class":122},[37,94609,65],{"class":51},[37,94611,5619],{"class":122},[37,94613,65],{"class":51},[37,94615,890],{"class":122},[37,94617,65],{"class":51},[37,94619,513],{"class":122},[37,94621,65],{"class":51},[37,94623,1134],{"class":122},[37,94625,3760],{"class":51},[37,94627,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,94629,808],{"class":47},[37,94631,812],{"class":811},[37,94633,815],{"class":55},[37,94635,60089],{"class":59},[37,94637,821],{"class":55},[37,94639,824],{"class":47},[37,94641,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,94643,808],{"class":47},[37,94645,812],{"class":811},[37,94647,815],{"class":55},[37,94649,8213],{"class":59},[37,94651,821],{"class":55},[37,94653,824],{"class":47},[37,94655,94656],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,94657,4103],{"class":3977},[37,94659,94660],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,94661,3076],{"class":122},[130,94663,1969],{"id":1968},[307,94665,15013,94667,94669],{"id":94666},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94668,36301],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94671,1989,94672,94674],{},[15,94673,36301],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[307,94676,94678,94679,1866,94681,2623],{"id":94677},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94680,36301],{},[15,94682,93167],{},[20,94684,94685,94687,94688,94690],{},[15,94686,36301],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94689,93167],{}," creates a full list.",[307,94692,94694],{"id":94693},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94696,94697],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94699,197],{},[28,94701,94703],{"className":30,"code":94702,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94704,94705,94719],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94706,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94708,93306],{"class":43},[37,94710,48],{"class":47},[37,94712,1776],{"class":91},[37,94714,95],{"class":51},[37,94716,446],{"class":122},[37,94718,85],{"class":51},[37,94720,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94722,92],{"class":91},[37,94724,95],{"class":51},[37,94726,60596],{"class":102},[37,94728,1067],{"class":51},[37,94730,501],{"class":122},[37,94732,530],{"class":51},[20,94734,112],{},[28,94736,94737],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,94738,94739],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94740,94741],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94742,471],{"class":122},[307,94744,5278,94746,94748],{"id":94745},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94747,94446],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94750,94751,94752,94755],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94753,94754],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[307,94757,94759,94760,94762],{"id":94758},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94761,36301],{}," to a list?",[20,94764,94765],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[130,94767,2025],{"id":2024},[135,94769,94770,94776,94782,94789,94795],{},[138,94771,94772],{},[285,94773,288,94774,291],{"href":93151},[15,94775,36301],{},[138,94777,94778],{},[285,94779,288,94780,291],{"href":64938},[15,94781,24888],{},[138,94783,94784],{},[285,94785,288,94786,94788],{"href":93604},[15,94787,1767],{}," loops explained",[138,94790,94791],{},[285,94792,37621,94793,36710],{"href":93970},[15,94794,35858],{},[138,94796,94797],{},[285,94798,26228,94799],{"href":35528},[15,94800,34362],{},[2052,94802,94803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":94805},[94806,94807,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816,94817,94818,94819,94830],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":93270,"depth":88,"text":93271},{"id":93502,"depth":88,"text":94809},"What range() gives you",{"id":93715,"depth":88,"text":94811},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93840,"depth":88,"text":94813},"When to use range()",{"id":93975,"depth":88,"text":94815},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15704,"depth":88,"text":15705},{"id":94294,"depth":88,"text":94295},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":94820},[94821,94823,94825,94826,94828],{"id":94666,"depth":251,"text":94822},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94677,"depth":251,"text":94824},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94693,"depth":251,"text":94694},{"id":94745,"depth":251,"text":94827},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94758,"depth":251,"text":94829},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93157,"description":94831},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94838,"title":94839,"body":94840,"description":96276,"extension":2099,"meta":96277,"navigation":254,"path":96278,"seo":96279,"stem":96280,"__hash__":96281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94841,"toc":96242},[94842,94848,94853,94856,94870,94873,94875,94914,94916,94929,94937,94942,94958,94961,94963,94965,94986,95003,95006,95065,95067,95086,95091,95097,95100,95134,95136,95149,95152,95197,95199,95222,95229,95235,95238,95279,95281,95295,95298,95356,95358,95373,95386,95392,95398,95463,95465,95484,95486,95504,95507,95511,95517,95519,95552,95554,95567,95577,95580,95641,95643,95664,95667,95669,95685,95690,95694,95699,95704,95760,95762,95780,95783,95828,95830,95838,95843,95847,95861,95863,95895,95897,95906,95908,95912,95921,95924,95956,95958,95970,95973,95977,95982,96023,96025,96033,96036,96059,96063,96065,96074,96077,96130,96132,96141,96145,96150,96161,96163,96172,96175,96181,96184,96190,96200,96208,96215,96217,96239],[10,94843,288,94845,3704],{"id":94844},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94846,94847],{},"round()",[20,94849,9242,94850,94852],{},[15,94851,94847],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94854,94855],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[135,94857,94858,94864],{},[138,94859,94860,94863],{},[15,94861,94862],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[138,94865,94866,94869],{},[15,94867,94868],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94871,94872],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[130,94874,2140],{"id":2139},[28,94876,94878],{"className":30,"code":94877,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94879,94880,94896],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94881,94882,94884,94886,94889,94891,94894],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94883,92],{"class":91},[37,94885,95],{"class":51},[37,94887,94888],{"class":91},"round",[37,94890,95],{"class":51},[37,94892,94893],{"class":122},"3.14159",[37,94895,106],{"class":51},[37,94897,94898,94900,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94899,92],{"class":91},[37,94901,95],{"class":51},[37,94903,94888],{"class":91},[37,94905,95],{"class":51},[37,94907,94893],{"class":122},[37,94909,65],{"class":51},[37,94911,890],{"class":122},[37,94913,106],{"class":51},[20,94915,112],{},[28,94917,94919],{"className":30,"code":94918,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94920,94921,94925],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94922,94923],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94924,115],{"class":122},[37,94926,94927],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,94928,40278],{"class":122},[20,94930,22,94931,94933,94934,94936],{},[15,94932,94862],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94935,94868],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[130,94938,296,94940,3805],{"id":94939},"what-round-does",[15,94941,94847],{},[135,94943,94944,94949,94952,94955],{},[138,94945,94946,94948],{},[15,94947,94847],{}," is a built-in Python function",[138,94950,94951],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[138,94953,94954],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[138,94956,94957],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94959,94960],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[130,94962,159],{"id":158},[20,94964,2293],{},[28,94966,94968],{"className":30,"code":94967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94969,94970],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,94971,94972,94974,94976,94978,94981,94984],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,94973,94888],{"class":91},[37,94975,95],{"class":51},[37,94977,2372],{"class":102},[37,94979,94980],{"class":51},"[,",[37,94982,94983],{"class":102}," ndigits",[37,94985,530],{"class":51},[135,94987,94988,94993,94998],{},[138,94989,94990,94992],{},[15,94991,2372],{}," is the value to round",[138,94994,94995,20146],{},[15,94996,94997],{},"ndigits",[138,94999,95000,95002],{},[15,95001,94997],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95004,95005],{},"Basic examples:",[28,95007,95009],{"className":30,"code":95008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95010,95011,95026,95044],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95012,95013,95015,95017,95019,95021,95024],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95014,92],{"class":91},[37,95016,95],{"class":51},[37,95018,94888],{"class":91},[37,95020,95],{"class":51},[37,95022,95023],{"class":122},"7.8",[37,95025,106],{"class":51},[37,95027,95028,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95029,92],{"class":91},[37,95031,95],{"class":51},[37,95033,94888],{"class":91},[37,95035,95],{"class":51},[37,95037,95023],{"class":122},[37,95039,65],{"class":51},[37,95041,5619],{"class":122},[37,95043,106],{"class":51},[37,95045,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054,95057,95059,95061,95063],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95047,92],{"class":91},[37,95049,95],{"class":51},[37,95051,94888],{"class":91},[37,95053,95],{"class":51},[37,95055,95056],{"class":122},"1234",[37,95058,65],{"class":51},[37,95060,2354],{"class":47},[37,95062,508],{"class":122},[37,95064,106],{"class":51},[20,95066,112],{},[28,95068,95070],{"className":30,"code":95069,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95071,95072,95076,95081],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95073,95074],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95075,2514],{"class":122},[37,95077,95078],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95079,95080],{"class":122},"7.8\n",[37,95082,95083],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95084,95085],{"class":122},"1200\n",[20,95087,95088,95089,292],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[285,95090,2553],{"href":2552},[130,95092,1872,95094,95096],{"id":95093},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95095,94847],{}," with one argument",[20,95098,95099],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[28,95101,95103],{"className":30,"code":95102,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95104,95105,95119],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95106,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95108,92],{"class":91},[37,95110,95],{"class":51},[37,95112,94888],{"class":91},[37,95114,95],{"class":51},[37,95116,2495],{"class":122},[37,95118,106],{"class":51},[37,95120,95121,95123,95125,95127,95129,95132],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95122,92],{"class":91},[37,95124,95],{"class":51},[37,95126,94888],{"class":91},[37,95128,95],{"class":51},[37,95130,95131],{"class":122},"4.8",[37,95133,106],{"class":51},[20,95135,112],{},[28,95137,95139],{"className":30,"code":95138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"4\n5\n",[15,95140,95141,95145],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95142,95143],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95144,274],{"class":122},[37,95146,95147],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95148,3076],{"class":122},[20,95150,95151],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[28,95153,95155],{"className":30,"code":95154,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95156,95157,95173,95183],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95158,95159,95161,95163,95166,95168,95171],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95160,2362],{"class":43},[37,95162,48],{"class":47},[37,95164,95165],{"class":91}," round",[37,95167,95],{"class":51},[37,95169,95170],{"class":122},"10.2",[37,95172,85],{"class":51},[37,95174,95175,95177,95179,95181],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95176,92],{"class":91},[37,95178,95],{"class":51},[37,95180,2397],{"class":102},[37,95182,85],{"class":51},[37,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95186,92],{"class":91},[37,95188,95],{"class":51},[37,95190,757],{"class":756},[37,95192,95],{"class":51},[37,95194,2397],{"class":102},[37,95196,106],{"class":51},[20,95198,112],{},[28,95200,95202],{"className":30,"code":95201,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95203,95204,95208],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95205,95206],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95207,2509],{"class":122},[37,95209,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95211,808],{"class":47},[37,95213,812],{"class":811},[37,95215,815],{"class":55},[37,95217,818],{"class":59},[37,95219,821],{"class":55},[37,95221,824],{"class":47},[20,95223,95224,95225,292],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[285,95226,288,95227,291],{"href":3002},[15,95228,3005],{},[130,95230,1872,95232,95234],{"id":95231},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95233,94847],{}," with decimal places",[20,95236,95237],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[28,95239,95241],{"className":30,"code":95240,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95242,95243,95261],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95244,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255,95257,95259],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95246,92],{"class":91},[37,95248,95],{"class":51},[37,95250,94888],{"class":91},[37,95252,95],{"class":51},[37,95254,94893],{"class":122},[37,95256,65],{"class":51},[37,95258,890],{"class":122},[37,95260,106],{"class":51},[37,95262,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273,95275,95277],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95264,92],{"class":91},[37,95266,95],{"class":51},[37,95268,94888],{"class":91},[37,95270,95],{"class":51},[37,95272,94893],{"class":122},[37,95274,65],{"class":51},[37,95276,513],{"class":122},[37,95278,106],{"class":51},[20,95280,112],{},[28,95282,95284],{"className":30,"code":95283,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95285,95286,95290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95287,95288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95289,40278],{"class":122},[37,95291,95292],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95293,95294],{"class":122},"3.142\n",[20,95296,95297],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[28,95299,95301],{"className":30,"code":95300,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95302,95303,95312,95331,95335,95345],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95304,95305,95307,95309],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95306,40488],{"class":43},[37,95308,48],{"class":47},[37,95310,95311],{"class":122}," 19.9876\n",[37,95313,95314,95317,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95315,95316],{"class":43},"rounded_price ",[37,95318,48],{"class":47},[37,95320,95165],{"class":91},[37,95322,95],{"class":51},[37,95324,25257],{"class":102},[37,95326,65],{"class":51},[37,95328,890],{"class":122},[37,95330,85],{"class":51},[37,95332,95333],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95334,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,95336,95337,95339,95341,95343],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,95338,92],{"class":91},[37,95340,95],{"class":51},[37,95342,25257],{"class":102},[37,95344,85],{"class":51},[37,95346,95347,95349,95351,95354],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,95348,92],{"class":91},[37,95350,95],{"class":51},[37,95352,95353],{"class":102},"rounded_price",[37,95355,85],{"class":51},[20,95357,112],{},[28,95359,95361],{"className":30,"code":95360,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95362,95363,95368],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95364,95365],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95366,95367],{"class":122},"19.9876\n",[37,95369,95370],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95371,95372],{"class":122},"19.99\n",[20,95374,95375,95376,95379,95380,3006,95382,292],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95377,95378],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[285,95381,40993],{"href":40992},[285,95383,288,95384,291],{"href":3009},[15,95385,3012],{},[130,95387,95389,95390],{"id":95388},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95391,94997],{},[20,95393,95394,95395,95397],{},"A negative ",[15,95396,94997],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[28,95399,95401],{"className":30,"code":95400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95402,95403,95423,95443],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95404,95405,95407,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95406,92],{"class":91},[37,95408,95],{"class":51},[37,95410,94888],{"class":91},[37,95412,95],{"class":51},[37,95414,95056],{"class":122},[37,95416,65],{"class":51},[37,95418,2354],{"class":47},[37,95420,501],{"class":122},[37,95422,106],{"class":51},[37,95424,95425,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95426,92],{"class":91},[37,95428,95],{"class":51},[37,95430,94888],{"class":91},[37,95432,95],{"class":51},[37,95434,95056],{"class":122},[37,95436,65],{"class":51},[37,95438,2354],{"class":47},[37,95440,508],{"class":122},[37,95442,106],{"class":51},[37,95444,95445,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457,95459,95461],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95446,92],{"class":91},[37,95448,95],{"class":51},[37,95450,94888],{"class":91},[37,95452,95],{"class":51},[37,95454,95056],{"class":122},[37,95456,65],{"class":51},[37,95458,2354],{"class":47},[37,95460,1129],{"class":122},[37,95462,106],{"class":51},[20,95464,112],{},[28,95466,95468],{"className":30,"code":95467,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95469,95470,95475,95479],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95471,95472],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95473,95474],{"class":122},"1230\n",[37,95476,95477],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95478,95085],{"class":122},[37,95480,95481],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95482,95483],{"class":122},"1000\n",[20,95485,65675],{},[135,95487,95488,95493,95499],{},[138,95489,95490,95492],{},[15,95491,65945],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[138,95494,95495,95498],{},[15,95496,95497],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[138,95500,95501,95503],{},[15,95502,47765],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95505,95506],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[130,95508,95510],{"id":95509},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95512,95513,95514,292],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95515,95516],{},".5",[20,95518,5593],{},[28,95520,95522],{"className":30,"code":95521,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95523,95524,95538],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95525,95526,95528,95530,95532,95534,95536],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95527,92],{"class":91},[37,95529,95],{"class":51},[37,95531,94888],{"class":91},[37,95533,95],{"class":51},[37,95535,41260],{"class":122},[37,95537,106],{"class":51},[37,95539,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95541,92],{"class":91},[37,95543,95],{"class":51},[37,95545,94888],{"class":91},[37,95547,95],{"class":51},[37,95549,2177],{"class":122},[37,95551,106],{"class":51},[20,95553,112],{},[28,95555,95557],{"className":30,"code":95556,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"2\n4\n",[15,95558,95559,95563],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95560,95561],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95562,1008],{"class":122},[37,95564,95565],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95566,274],{"class":122},[20,95568,95569,95570,95573,95574,95576],{},"Python uses ",[110,95571,95572],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95575,95516],{}," situations.",[20,95578,95579],{},"More examples:",[28,95581,95583],{"className":30,"code":95582,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95584,95585,95599,95613,95627],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95586,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595,95597],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95588,92],{"class":91},[37,95590,95],{"class":51},[37,95592,94888],{"class":91},[37,95594,95],{"class":51},[37,95596,41273],{"class":122},[37,95598,106],{"class":51},[37,95600,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95602,92],{"class":91},[37,95604,95],{"class":51},[37,95606,94888],{"class":91},[37,95608,95],{"class":51},[37,95610,41260],{"class":122},[37,95612,106],{"class":51},[37,95614,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95616,92],{"class":91},[37,95618,95],{"class":51},[37,95620,94888],{"class":91},[37,95622,95],{"class":51},[37,95624,2177],{"class":122},[37,95626,106],{"class":51},[37,95628,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,95630,92],{"class":91},[37,95632,95],{"class":51},[37,95634,94888],{"class":91},[37,95636,95],{"class":51},[37,95638,41225],{"class":122},[37,95640,106],{"class":51},[20,95642,112],{},[28,95644,95646],{"className":30,"code":95645,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95647,95648,95652,95656,95660],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95649,95650],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95651,1008],{"class":122},[37,95653,95654],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95655,1008],{"class":122},[37,95657,95658],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95659,274],{"class":122},[37,95661,95662],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,95663,274],{"class":122},[20,95665,95666],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95668,10828],{},[135,95670,95671,95678],{},[138,95672,95673,2268,95676],{},[15,95674,95675],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95677,508],{},[138,95679,95680,2268,95683],{},[15,95681,95682],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95684,522],{},[20,95686,3298,95687,95689],{},[15,95688,95516],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[130,95691,95693],{"id":95692},"return-values","Return values",[20,95695,95696,95698],{},[15,95697,94847],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95700,41007,95701,95703],{},[110,95702,711],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[28,95705,95707],{"className":30,"code":95706,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95708,95709,95718,95722,95732,95750],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95710,95711,95713,95715],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95712,1194],{"class":43},[37,95714,48],{"class":47},[37,95716,95717],{"class":122}," 3.14159\n",[37,95719,95720],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95721,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95725,92],{"class":91},[37,95727,95],{"class":51},[37,95729,1215],{"class":102},[37,95731,85],{"class":51},[37,95733,95734,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746,95748],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,95735,92],{"class":91},[37,95737,95],{"class":51},[37,95739,94888],{"class":91},[37,95741,95],{"class":51},[37,95743,1215],{"class":102},[37,95745,65],{"class":51},[37,95747,890],{"class":122},[37,95749,106],{"class":51},[37,95751,95752,95754,95756,95758],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,95753,92],{"class":91},[37,95755,95],{"class":51},[37,95757,1215],{"class":102},[37,95759,85],{"class":51},[20,95761,112],{},[28,95763,95765],{"className":30,"code":95764,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95766,95767,95772,95776],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95768,95769],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95770,95771],{"class":122},"3.14159\n",[37,95773,95774],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95775,40278],{"class":122},[37,95777,95778],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95779,95771],{"class":122},[20,95781,95782],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[28,95784,95786],{"className":30,"code":95785,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95787,95788,95796,95814,95818],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95789,95790,95792,95794],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95791,1194],{"class":43},[37,95793,48],{"class":47},[37,95795,95717],{"class":122},[37,95797,95798,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808,95810,95812],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95799,1194],{"class":43},[37,95801,48],{"class":47},[37,95803,95165],{"class":91},[37,95805,95],{"class":51},[37,95807,1215],{"class":102},[37,95809,65],{"class":51},[37,95811,890],{"class":122},[37,95813,85],{"class":51},[37,95815,95816],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,95817,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,95819,95820,95822,95824,95826],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,95821,92],{"class":91},[37,95823,95],{"class":51},[37,95825,1215],{"class":102},[37,95827,85],{"class":51},[20,95829,112],{},[28,95831,95832],{"className":30,"code":40278,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,95833,95834],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95835,95836],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95837,40278],{"class":122},[130,95839,5080,95841],{"id":95840},"when-to-use-round",[15,95842,94847],{},[20,95844,22,95845,6439],{},[15,95846,94847],{},[135,95848,95849,95852,95855,95858],{},[138,95850,95851],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[138,95853,95854],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[138,95856,95857],{},"Round values before reporting results",[138,95859,95860],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95862,5593],{},[28,95864,95866],{"className":30,"code":95865,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95867,95868,95877],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95869,95870,95872,95874],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95871,2724],{"class":43},[37,95873,48],{"class":47},[37,95875,95876],{"class":122}," 12.67891\n",[37,95878,95879,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95880,92],{"class":91},[37,95882,95],{"class":51},[37,95884,94888],{"class":91},[37,95886,95],{"class":51},[37,95888,2747],{"class":102},[37,95890,65],{"class":51},[37,95892,890],{"class":122},[37,95894,106],{"class":51},[20,95896,112],{},[28,95898,95900],{"className":30,"code":95899,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"12.68\n",[15,95901,95902],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95903,95904],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95905,95899],{"class":122},[130,95907,1854],{"id":1853},[20,95909,23201,95910,292],{},[15,95911,94847],{},[307,95913,1880,95915,95917,95918,95920],{"id":95914},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95916,94847],{}," to always round ",[15,95919,95516],{}," upward",[20,95922,95923],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[28,95925,95926],{"className":30,"code":95521,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,95927,95928,95942],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95929,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95931,92],{"class":91},[37,95933,95],{"class":51},[37,95935,94888],{"class":91},[37,95937,95],{"class":51},[37,95939,41260],{"class":122},[37,95941,106],{"class":51},[37,95943,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95945,92],{"class":91},[37,95947,95],{"class":51},[37,95949,94888],{"class":91},[37,95951,95],{"class":51},[37,95953,2177],{"class":122},[37,95955,106],{"class":51},[20,95957,112],{},[28,95959,95960],{"className":30,"code":95556,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,95961,95962,95966],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95963,95964],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95965,1008],{"class":122},[37,95967,95968],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95969,274],{"class":122},[20,95971,95972],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[307,95974,95976],{"id":95975},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95978,95979,95981],{},[15,95980,94847],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[28,95983,95985],{"className":30,"code":95984,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95986,95987,95995,96009,96013],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,95988,95989,95991,95993],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,95990,1194],{"class":43},[37,95992,48],{"class":47},[37,95994,95717],{"class":122},[37,95996,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,95998,94888],{"class":91},[37,96000,95],{"class":51},[37,96002,1215],{"class":102},[37,96004,65],{"class":51},[37,96006,890],{"class":122},[37,96008,85],{"class":51},[37,96010,96011],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96012,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96014,96015,96017,96019,96021],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96016,92],{"class":91},[37,96018,95],{"class":51},[37,96020,1215],{"class":102},[37,96022,85],{"class":51},[20,96024,112],{},[28,96026,96027],{"className":30,"code":95771,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,96028,96029],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96030,96031],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96032,95771],{"class":122},[20,96034,96035],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[28,96037,96039],{"className":30,"code":96038,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96040,96041],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96042,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96044,1194],{"class":43},[37,96046,48],{"class":47},[37,96048,95165],{"class":91},[37,96050,95],{"class":51},[37,96052,1215],{"class":102},[37,96054,65],{"class":51},[37,96056,890],{"class":122},[37,96058,85],{"class":51},[307,96060,96062],{"id":96061},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96064,16510],{},[28,96066,96068],{"className":30,"code":96067,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96069,96070],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96071,96072],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96073,96067],{"class":3788},[20,96075,96076],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[28,96078,96080],{"className":30,"code":96079,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96081,96082,96094,96108,96112],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96083,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96085,34795],{"class":43},[37,96087,48],{"class":47},[37,96089,68],{"class":55},[37,96091,40244],{"class":59},[37,96093,3484],{"class":55},[37,96095,96096,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96097,2349],{"class":43},[37,96099,48],{"class":47},[37,96101,40356],{"class":756},[37,96103,95],{"class":51},[37,96105,34816],{"class":102},[37,96107,85],{"class":51},[37,96109,96110],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96111,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96113,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96115,92],{"class":91},[37,96117,95],{"class":51},[37,96119,94888],{"class":91},[37,96121,95],{"class":51},[37,96123,2372],{"class":102},[37,96125,65],{"class":51},[37,96127,5619],{"class":122},[37,96129,106],{"class":51},[20,96131,112],{},[28,96133,96135],{"className":30,"code":96134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3.1\n",[15,96136,96137],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96138,96139],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96140,96134],{"class":122},[307,96142,96144],{"id":96143},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96146,96147,96149],{},[15,96148,94847],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96151,96152,96153,3006,96157,292],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[285,96154,96155],{"href":3009},[15,96156,3012],{},[285,96158,96159],{"href":3002},[15,96160,3005],{},[130,96162,1969],{"id":1968},[307,96164,1983,96166,96168,96169,96171],{"id":96165},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96167,94847],{}," always round ",[15,96170,40315],{}," up?",[20,96173,96174],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[307,96176,1983,96178,96180],{"id":96177},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96179,94847],{}," change the original number?",[20,96182,96183],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[307,96185,5290,96187,96189],{"id":96186},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96188,94847],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96191,96192,96193,96195,96196,3006,96198,292],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96194,94997],{}," value like ",[15,96197,65945],{},[15,96199,95497],{},[307,96201,28435,96203,96205,96206,2623],{"id":96202},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96204,94847],{}," on a string like ",[15,96207,48189],{},[20,96209,96210,96211,3006,96213,292],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96212,3012],{},[15,96214,3005],{},[130,96216,2025],{"id":2024},[135,96218,96219,96225,96231,96235],{},[138,96220,96221],{},[285,96222,288,96223,291],{"href":3009},[15,96224,3012],{},[138,96226,96227],{},[285,96228,288,96229,291],{"href":3002},[15,96230,3005],{},[138,96232,96233],{},[285,96234,2553],{"href":2552},[138,96236,96237],{},[285,96238,42281],{"href":40992},[2052,96240,96241],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":96243},[96244,96245,96247,96248,96250,96252,96254,96255,96256,96258,96265,96275],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":94939,"depth":88,"text":96246},"What round() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":95093,"depth":88,"text":96249},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95231,"depth":88,"text":96251},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95388,"depth":88,"text":96253},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95509,"depth":88,"text":95510},{"id":95692,"depth":88,"text":95693},{"id":95840,"depth":88,"text":96257},"When to use round()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":96259},[96260,96262,96263,96264],{"id":95914,"depth":251,"text":96261},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95975,"depth":251,"text":95976},{"id":96061,"depth":251,"text":96062},{"id":96143,"depth":251,"text":96144},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":96266},[96267,96269,96271,96273],{"id":96165,"depth":251,"text":96268},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96177,"depth":251,"text":96270},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96186,"depth":251,"text":96272},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96202,"depth":251,"text":96274},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94839,"description":96276},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96283,"title":96284,"body":96285,"description":97470,"extension":2099,"meta":97471,"navigation":254,"path":97472,"seo":97473,"stem":97474,"__hash__":97475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96286,"toc":97444},[96287,96294,96300,96303,96305,96354,96358,96383,96388,96393,96398,96412,96423,96425,96444,96446,96462,96465,96476,96478,96480,96541,96545,96578,96585,96592,96595,96628,96631,96635,96638,96691,96695,96716,96722,96729,96736,96797,96805,96882,96886,96898,96907,96909,96915,96921,96925,96978,96981,97039,97043,97051,97054,97058,97061,97071,97073,97170,97173,97184,97187,97230,97234,97258,97261,97267,97269,97273,97298,97300,97367,97376,97378,97384,97389,97393,97396,97400,97407,97411,97416,97418,97435,97441],[10,96288,96290,96291,11437],{"id":96289},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96292,96293],{},"add()",[20,96295,96296,96299],{},[15,96297,96298],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96301,96302],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[130,96304,2140],{"id":2139},[28,96306,96308],{"className":30,"code":96307,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96309,96310,96330,96344],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96311,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96313,207],{"class":43},[37,96315,48],{"class":47},[37,96317,10605],{"class":51},[37,96319,501],{"class":122},[37,96321,65],{"class":51},[37,96323,890],{"class":122},[37,96325,65],{"class":51},[37,96327,513],{"class":122},[37,96329,9424],{"class":51},[37,96331,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96333,246],{"class":43},[37,96335,292],{"class":51},[37,96337,82193],{"class":102},[37,96339,95],{"class":51},[37,96341,522],{"class":122},[37,96343,85],{"class":51},[37,96345,96346,96348,96350,96352],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96347,92],{"class":91},[37,96349,95],{"class":51},[37,96351,246],{"class":102},[37,96353,85],{"class":51},[20,96355,96356],{},[110,96357,112],{},[28,96359,96361],{"className":30,"code":96360,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96362,96363],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96364,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96366,9394],{"class":51},[37,96368,501],{"class":122},[37,96370,65],{"class":51},[37,96372,890],{"class":122},[37,96374,65],{"class":51},[37,96376,513],{"class":122},[37,96378,65],{"class":51},[37,96380,1134],{"class":122},[37,96382,9424],{"class":51},[20,96384,22,96385,96387],{},[15,96386,96293],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[130,96389,296,96391,3805],{"id":96390},"what-setadd-does",[15,96392,96298],{},[20,96394,96395,96397],{},[15,96396,96298],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[135,96399,96400,96403,96406,96409],{},[138,96401,96402],{},"Adds one item to a set",[138,96404,96405],{},"Changes the original set in place",[138,96407,96408],{},"Does not return a new set",[138,96410,96411],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96413,96414,96415,3006,96419,292],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[285,96416,96418],{"href":96417},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[285,96420,96422],{"href":96421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[130,96424,159],{"id":158},[28,96426,96428],{"className":30,"code":96427,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96429,96430],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96431,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96433,15775],{"class":43},[37,96435,292],{"class":51},[37,96437,82193],{"class":102},[37,96439,95],{"class":51},[37,96441,23417],{"class":102},[37,96443,85],{"class":51},[20,96445,181],{},[135,96447,96448,96453,96456],{},[138,96449,56000,96450,96452],{},[15,96451,96293],{}," on an existing set",[138,96454,96455],{},"Pass exactly one item",[138,96457,96458,96459],{},"The item must be ",[110,96460,96461],{},"hashable",[20,96463,96464],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[135,96466,96467,96469,96471,96474],{},[138,96468,56553],{},[138,96470,56556],{},[138,96472,96473],{},"Tuples",[138,96475,40696],{},[130,96477,11590],{"id":11589},[20,96479,11593],{},[28,96481,96483],{"className":30,"code":96482,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96484,96485,96509,96527,96531],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96486,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96488,44],{"class":43},[37,96490,48],{"class":47},[37,96492,10605],{"class":51},[37,96494,56],{"class":55},[37,96496,60],{"class":59},[37,96498,56],{"class":55},[37,96500,65],{"class":51},[37,96502,68],{"class":55},[37,96504,80],{"class":59},[37,96506,56],{"class":55},[37,96508,9424],{"class":51},[37,96510,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96512,103],{"class":43},[37,96514,292],{"class":51},[37,96516,82193],{"class":102},[37,96518,95],{"class":51},[37,96520,56],{"class":55},[37,96522,71],{"class":59},[37,96524,56],{"class":55},[37,96526,85],{"class":51},[37,96528,96529],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96530,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96532,96533,96535,96537,96539],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96534,92],{"class":91},[37,96536,95],{"class":51},[37,96538,103],{"class":102},[37,96540,85],{"class":51},[20,96542,96543],{},[110,96544,30137],{},[28,96546,96548],{"className":30,"code":96547,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96549,96550],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96551,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96553,9394],{"class":51},[37,96555,821],{"class":55},[37,96557,60],{"class":59},[37,96559,821],{"class":55},[37,96561,65],{"class":51},[37,96563,815],{"class":55},[37,96565,71],{"class":59},[37,96567,821],{"class":55},[37,96569,65],{"class":51},[37,96571,815],{"class":55},[37,96573,80],{"class":59},[37,96575,821],{"class":55},[37,96577,9424],{"class":51},[20,96579,96580,96581,96584],{},"The new value ",[15,96582,96583],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96586,96587,96588,96591],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[110,96589,96590],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96593,96594],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[28,96596,96598],{"className":30,"code":96597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96599,96600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96601,96602,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96603,9394],{"class":51},[37,96605,821],{"class":55},[37,96607,80],{"class":59},[37,96609,821],{"class":55},[37,96611,65],{"class":51},[37,96613,815],{"class":55},[37,96615,60],{"class":59},[37,96617,821],{"class":55},[37,96619,65],{"class":51},[37,96621,815],{"class":55},[37,96623,71],{"class":59},[37,96625,821],{"class":55},[37,96627,9424],{"class":51},[20,96629,96630],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[130,96632,96634],{"id":96633},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96636,96637],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[28,96639,96641],{"className":30,"code":96640,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96642,96643,96663,96677,96681],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96644,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96646,207],{"class":43},[37,96648,48],{"class":47},[37,96650,10605],{"class":51},[37,96652,501],{"class":122},[37,96654,65],{"class":51},[37,96656,890],{"class":122},[37,96658,65],{"class":51},[37,96660,513],{"class":122},[37,96662,9424],{"class":51},[37,96664,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96666,246],{"class":43},[37,96668,292],{"class":51},[37,96670,82193],{"class":102},[37,96672,95],{"class":51},[37,96674,508],{"class":122},[37,96676,85],{"class":51},[37,96678,96679],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96680,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96682,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96684,92],{"class":91},[37,96686,95],{"class":51},[37,96688,246],{"class":102},[37,96690,85],{"class":51},[20,96692,96693],{},[110,96694,112],{},[28,96696,96698],{"className":30,"code":96697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96699,96700],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96701,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96703,9394],{"class":51},[37,96705,501],{"class":122},[37,96707,65],{"class":51},[37,96709,890],{"class":122},[37,96711,65],{"class":51},[37,96713,513],{"class":122},[37,96715,9424],{"class":51},[20,96717,96718,96719,96721],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96720,508],{}," was already present.",[130,96723,96725,10700,96727],{"id":96724},"add-vs-update",[15,96726,96293],{},[15,96728,15064],{},[20,96730,22,96731,96733,96734,292],{},[15,96732,96293],{}," when you want to add ",[110,96735,52748],{},[28,96737,96739],{"className":30,"code":96738,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96740,96741,96765,96783,96787],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96742,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96744,1729],{"class":43},[37,96746,48],{"class":47},[37,96748,10605],{"class":51},[37,96750,56],{"class":55},[37,96752,285],{"class":59},[37,96754,56],{"class":55},[37,96756,65],{"class":51},[37,96758,68],{"class":55},[37,96760,777],{"class":59},[37,96762,56],{"class":55},[37,96764,9424],{"class":51},[37,96766,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96768,1785],{"class":43},[37,96770,292],{"class":51},[37,96772,82193],{"class":102},[37,96774,95],{"class":51},[37,96776,56],{"class":55},[37,96778,1754],{"class":59},[37,96780,56],{"class":55},[37,96782,85],{"class":51},[37,96784,96785],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96786,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96788,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96790,92],{"class":91},[37,96792,95],{"class":51},[37,96794,1785],{"class":102},[37,96796,85],{"class":51},[20,96798,22,96799,96733,96801,96804],{},[15,96800,15064],{},[110,96802,96803],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[28,96806,96808],{"className":30,"code":96807,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96809,96810,96834,96868,96872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96811,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96813,1729],{"class":43},[37,96815,48],{"class":47},[37,96817,10605],{"class":51},[37,96819,56],{"class":55},[37,96821,285],{"class":59},[37,96823,56],{"class":55},[37,96825,65],{"class":51},[37,96827,68],{"class":55},[37,96829,777],{"class":59},[37,96831,56],{"class":55},[37,96833,9424],{"class":51},[37,96835,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96837,1785],{"class":43},[37,96839,292],{"class":51},[37,96841,30572],{"class":102},[37,96843,3115],{"class":51},[37,96845,56],{"class":55},[37,96847,1754],{"class":59},[37,96849,56],{"class":55},[37,96851,65],{"class":51},[37,96853,68],{"class":55},[37,96855,18875],{"class":59},[37,96857,56],{"class":55},[37,96859,65],{"class":51},[37,96861,68],{"class":55},[37,96863,60538],{"class":59},[37,96865,56],{"class":55},[37,96867,530],{"class":51},[37,96869,96870],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96871,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96873,96874,96876,96878,96880],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96875,92],{"class":91},[37,96877,95],{"class":51},[37,96879,1785],{"class":102},[37,96881,85],{"class":51},[307,96883,96885],{"id":96884},"key-difference","Key difference",[135,96887,96888,96893],{},[138,96889,96890,96892],{},[15,96891,96293],{}," adds one item",[138,96894,96895,96897],{},[15,96896,15064],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96899,96900,96901,292],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[285,96902,96904,96905,10856],{"href":96903},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96906,15064],{},[130,96908,17528],{"id":17527},[20,96910,96911,2530,96913,292],{},[15,96912,96298],{},[15,96914,3904],{},[20,96916,96917,96918,96920],{},"That means you should ",[110,96919,711],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[307,96922,96924],{"id":96923},"correct","Correct",[28,96926,96928],{"className":30,"code":96927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96929,96930,96950,96964,96968],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96931,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96933,15737],{"class":43},[37,96935,48],{"class":47},[37,96937,10605],{"class":51},[37,96939,501],{"class":122},[37,96941,65],{"class":51},[37,96943,890],{"class":122},[37,96945,65],{"class":51},[37,96947,513],{"class":122},[37,96949,9424],{"class":51},[37,96951,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,96953,15775],{"class":43},[37,96955,292],{"class":51},[37,96957,82193],{"class":102},[37,96959,95],{"class":51},[37,96961,522],{"class":122},[37,96963,85],{"class":51},[37,96965,96966],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,96967,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,96969,96970,96972,96974,96976],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,96971,92],{"class":91},[37,96973,95],{"class":51},[37,96975,15775],{"class":102},[37,96977,85],{"class":51},[307,96979,96980],{"id":61860},"Wrong",[28,96982,96984],{"className":30,"code":96983,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96985,96986,97006,97025,97029],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,96987,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000,97002,97004],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,96989,15737],{"class":43},[37,96991,48],{"class":47},[37,96993,10605],{"class":51},[37,96995,501],{"class":122},[37,96997,65],{"class":51},[37,96999,890],{"class":122},[37,97001,65],{"class":51},[37,97003,513],{"class":122},[37,97005,9424],{"class":51},[37,97007,97008,97010,97012,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97009,15737],{"class":43},[37,97011,48],{"class":47},[37,97013,97014],{"class":43}," my_set",[37,97016,292],{"class":51},[37,97018,82193],{"class":102},[37,97020,95],{"class":51},[37,97022,522],{"class":122},[37,97024,85],{"class":51},[37,97026,97027],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97028,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97030,97031,97033,97035,97037],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,97032,92],{"class":91},[37,97034,95],{"class":51},[37,97036,15775],{"class":102},[37,97038,85],{"class":51},[20,97040,97041],{},[110,97042,112],{},[28,97044,97045],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,97046,97047],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97048,97049],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97050,11920],{"class":3977},[20,97052,97053],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[130,97055,97057],{"id":97056},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97059,97060],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[135,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069],{},[138,97064,56553],{},[138,97066,56556],{},[138,97068,96473],{},[138,97070,40696],{},[20,97072,197],{},[28,97074,97076],{"className":30,"code":97075,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97077,97078,97088,97092,97106,97124,97142,97156,97160],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97079,97080,97082,97084,97086],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97081,670],{"class":43},[37,97083,48],{"class":47},[37,97085,15742],{"class":756},[37,97087,8761],{"class":51},[37,97089,97090],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97091,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97095,687],{"class":43},[37,97097,292],{"class":51},[37,97099,82193],{"class":102},[37,97101,95],{"class":51},[37,97103,214],{"class":122},[37,97105,85],{"class":51},[37,97107,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,97109,687],{"class":43},[37,97111,292],{"class":51},[37,97113,82193],{"class":102},[37,97115,95],{"class":51},[37,97117,56],{"class":55},[37,97119,3970],{"class":59},[37,97121,56],{"class":55},[37,97123,85],{"class":51},[37,97125,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,97127,687],{"class":43},[37,97129,292],{"class":51},[37,97131,82193],{"class":102},[37,97133,5632],{"class":51},[37,97135,501],{"class":122},[37,97137,65],{"class":51},[37,97139,890],{"class":122},[37,97141,106],{"class":51},[37,97143,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,97145,687],{"class":43},[37,97147,292],{"class":51},[37,97149,82193],{"class":102},[37,97151,95],{"class":51},[37,97153,3729],{"class":3977},[37,97155,85],{"class":51},[37,97157,97158],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,97159,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97161,97162,97164,97166,97168],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,97163,92],{"class":91},[37,97165,95],{"class":51},[37,97167,687],{"class":102},[37,97169,85],{"class":51},[20,97171,97172],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[135,97174,97175,97178,97181],{},[138,97176,97177],{},"Lists",[138,97179,97180],{},"Dictionaries",[138,97182,97183],{},"Sets",[20,97185,97186],{},"Example that causes an error:",[28,97188,97190],{"className":30,"code":97189,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97191,97192,97212],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97193,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97195,670],{"class":43},[37,97197,48],{"class":47},[37,97199,10605],{"class":51},[37,97201,501],{"class":122},[37,97203,65],{"class":51},[37,97205,890],{"class":122},[37,97207,65],{"class":51},[37,97209,513],{"class":122},[37,97211,9424],{"class":51},[37,97213,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224,97226,97228],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97215,687],{"class":43},[37,97217,292],{"class":51},[37,97219,82193],{"class":102},[37,97221,3115],{"class":51},[37,97223,522],{"class":122},[37,97225,65],{"class":51},[37,97227,527],{"class":122},[37,97229,530],{"class":51},[20,97231,97232],{},[110,97233,29788],{},[28,97235,97237],{"className":30,"code":97236,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97238,97239],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97240,97241,97243,97245,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97242,3133],{"class":756},[37,97244,3013],{"class":51},[37,97246,97247],{"class":43}," unhashable ",[37,97249,757],{"class":756},[37,97251,3013],{"class":51},[37,97253,815],{"class":55},[37,97255,8213],{"class":59},[37,97257,29807],{"class":55},[20,97259,97260],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97262,97263,97264,292],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97265,97266],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[130,97268,1854],{"id":1853},[20,97270,14843,97271,3013],{},[15,97272,96298],{},[135,97274,97275,97280,97285,97288,97295],{},[138,97276,1872,97277,97279],{},[15,97278,96293],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[138,97281,1880,97282,97284],{},[15,97283,96293],{}," to return the updated set",[138,97286,97287],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[138,97289,37306,97290,97292,97293],{},[15,97291,96298],{}," with list ",[15,97294,52744],{},[138,97296,97297],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97299,71593],{},[28,97301,97303],{"className":30,"code":97302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97304,97305,97315,97329,97339,97353],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97306,97307,97309,97311,97313],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97308,92],{"class":91},[37,97310,95],{"class":51},[37,97312,15775],{"class":102},[37,97314,85],{"class":51},[37,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97318,92],{"class":91},[37,97320,95],{"class":51},[37,97322,757],{"class":756},[37,97324,95],{"class":51},[37,97326,15775],{"class":102},[37,97328,106],{"class":51},[37,97330,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97332,92],{"class":91},[37,97334,95],{"class":51},[37,97336,1215],{"class":102},[37,97338,85],{"class":51},[37,97340,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,97342,92],{"class":91},[37,97344,95],{"class":51},[37,97346,757],{"class":756},[37,97348,95],{"class":51},[37,97350,1215],{"class":102},[37,97352,106],{"class":51},[37,97354,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,97356,1937],{"class":91},[37,97358,95],{"class":51},[37,97360,6408],{"class":756},[37,97362,292],{"class":51},[37,97364,82193],{"class":24857},[37,97366,85],{"class":51},[20,97368,97369,97370,97372,97373,292],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97371,96298],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[285,97374,53141],{"href":97375},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[130,97377,1969],{"id":1968},[307,97379,1983,97381,97383],{"id":97380},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97382,96298],{}," return a new set?",[20,97385,97386,97387,292],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97388,3904],{},[307,97390,97392],{"id":97391},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97394,97395],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[307,97397,97399],{"id":97398},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97401,22,97402,1866,97405,292],{},[15,97403,97404],{},"set.update()",[15,97406,96293],{},[307,97408,97410],{"id":97409},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97412,97413,97414,292],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97415,3133],{},[130,97417,2025],{"id":2024},[135,97419,97420,97424,97429],{},[138,97421,97422],{},[285,97423,96418],{"href":96417},[138,97425,97426],{},[285,97427,97428],{"href":96421},"How to create a set in Python",[138,97430,97431],{},[285,97432,96904,97433,10856],{"href":96903},[15,97434,15064],{},[20,97436,97437,97438,97440],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97439,96293],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2052,97442,97443],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":97445},[97446,97447,97449,97450,97451,97452,97456,97460,97461,97462,97469],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":96390,"depth":88,"text":97448},"What set.add() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":96633,"depth":88,"text":96634},{"id":96724,"depth":88,"text":97453,"children":97454},"add() vs update()",[97455],{"id":96884,"depth":251,"text":96885},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528,"children":97457},[97458,97459],{"id":96923,"depth":251,"text":96924},{"id":61860,"depth":251,"text":96980},{"id":97056,"depth":88,"text":97057},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":97463},[97464,97466,97467,97468],{"id":97380,"depth":251,"text":97465},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97391,"depth":251,"text":97392},{"id":97398,"depth":251,"text":97399},{"id":97409,"depth":251,"text":97410},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96284,"description":97470},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97477,"title":97478,"body":97479,"description":98648,"extension":2099,"meta":98649,"navigation":254,"path":98650,"seo":98651,"stem":98652,"__hash__":98653},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97480,"toc":98615},[97481,97486,97492,97499,97544,97546,97557,97562,97567,97571,97585,97590,97592,97594,97609,97611,97625,97627,97629,97694,97696,97706,97708,97726,97732,97739,97744,97818,97820,97837,97843,97848,97919,97921,97948,97965,97968,97974,97976,97983,97987,98054,98056,98071,98074,98127,98129,98137,98149,98151,98155,98160,98162,98211,98213,98221,98223,98268,98270,98280,98286,98294,98307,98313,98315,98344,98346,98364,98368,98371,98402,98404,98422,98426,98501,98503,98519,98526,98528,98533,98538,98544,98547,98551,98559,98566,98574,98576,98612],[10,97482,96290,97484,11437],{"id":97483},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97485,11436],{},[20,97487,97488,97491],{},[15,97489,97490],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97493,97494,97495,97498],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[110,97496,97497],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[28,97500,97502],{"className":30,"code":97501,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97503,97504,97524,97534],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97505,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97507,207],{"class":43},[37,97509,48],{"class":47},[37,97511,10605],{"class":51},[37,97513,501],{"class":122},[37,97515,65],{"class":51},[37,97517,890],{"class":122},[37,97519,65],{"class":51},[37,97521,513],{"class":122},[37,97523,9424],{"class":51},[37,97525,97526,97528,97530,97532],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97527,246],{"class":43},[37,97529,292],{"class":51},[37,97531,11498],{"class":102},[37,97533,8761],{"class":51},[37,97535,97536,97538,97540,97542],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97537,92],{"class":91},[37,97539,95],{"class":51},[37,97541,246],{"class":102},[37,97543,85],{"class":51},[20,97545,112],{},[28,97547,97549],{"className":30,"code":97548,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set()\n",[15,97550,97551],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97552,97553,97555],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97554,6408],{"class":756},[37,97556,8761],{"class":51},[20,97558,97559,97561],{},[15,97560,11436],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[130,97563,296,97565,3805],{"id":97564},"what-setclear-does",[15,97566,97490],{},[20,97568,1531,97569,11528],{},[15,97570,11436],{},[135,97572,97573,97576,97578,97582],{},[138,97574,97575],{},"Removes every item from a set",[138,97577,96405],{},[138,97579,11539,97580],{},[15,97581,3904],{},[138,97583,97584],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97586,96414,97587,71692],{},[285,97588,96418],{"href":97589},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[130,97591,159],{"id":158},[20,97593,54538],{},[28,97595,97597],{"className":30,"code":97596,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97598,97599],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97600,97601,97603,97605,97607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97602,15775],{"class":43},[37,97604,292],{"class":51},[37,97606,11498],{"class":102},[37,97608,8761],{"class":51},[20,97610,13164],{},[135,97612,97613,97616,97619,97622],{},[138,97614,97615],{},"It takes no arguments",[138,97617,97618],{},"It empties the set",[138,97620,97621],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[138,97623,97624],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[130,97626,11590],{"id":11589},[20,97628,11593],{},[28,97630,97632],{"className":30,"code":97631,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97633,97634,97666,97670,97680,97684],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97635,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97637,44],{"class":43},[37,97639,48],{"class":47},[37,97641,10605],{"class":51},[37,97643,56],{"class":55},[37,97645,60],{"class":59},[37,97647,56],{"class":55},[37,97649,65],{"class":51},[37,97651,68],{"class":55},[37,97653,71],{"class":59},[37,97655,56],{"class":55},[37,97657,65],{"class":51},[37,97659,68],{"class":55},[37,97661,80],{"class":59},[37,97663,56],{"class":55},[37,97665,9424],{"class":51},[37,97667,97668],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97669,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97673,103],{"class":43},[37,97675,292],{"class":51},[37,97677,11498],{"class":102},[37,97679,8761],{"class":51},[37,97681,97682],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,97683,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97685,97686,97688,97690,97692],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,97687,92],{"class":91},[37,97689,95],{"class":51},[37,97691,103],{"class":102},[37,97693,85],{"class":51},[20,97695,112],{},[28,97697,97698],{"className":30,"code":97548,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,97699,97700],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97701,97702,97704],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97703,6408],{"class":756},[37,97705,8761],{"class":51},[20,97707,11797],{},[135,97709,97710,97715,97720],{},[138,97711,97712,97714],{},[15,97713,103],{}," starts with three values",[138,97716,97717,11810],{},[15,97718,97719],{},"colors.clear()",[138,97721,97722,97723,97725],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97724,3923],{},", which means an empty set",[130,97727,97729,97731],{"id":97728},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97730,11436],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97733,97734,851,97736,97738],{},[15,97735,11436],{},[15,97737,3923],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[307,97740,1872,97742],{"id":97741},"using-clear",[15,97743,11436],{},[28,97745,97747],{"className":30,"code":97746,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97748,97749,97769,97779,97783,97793,97797,97807],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97750,97751,97753,97755,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765,97767],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97752,670],{"class":43},[37,97754,48],{"class":47},[37,97756,10605],{"class":51},[37,97758,501],{"class":122},[37,97760,65],{"class":51},[37,97762,890],{"class":122},[37,97764,65],{"class":51},[37,97766,513],{"class":122},[37,97768,9424],{"class":51},[37,97770,97771,97774,97776],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97772,97773],{"class":43},"other_name ",[37,97775,48],{"class":47},[37,97777,97778],{"class":43}," items\n",[37,97780,97781],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97782,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97784,97785,97787,97789,97791],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,97786,687],{"class":43},[37,97788,292],{"class":51},[37,97790,11498],{"class":102},[37,97792,8761],{"class":51},[37,97794,97795],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,97796,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97798,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,97800,92],{"class":91},[37,97802,95],{"class":51},[37,97804,687],{"class":102},[37,97806,85],{"class":51},[37,97808,97809,97811,97813,97816],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,97810,92],{"class":91},[37,97812,95],{"class":51},[37,97814,97815],{"class":102},"other_name",[37,97817,85],{"class":51},[20,97819,112],{},[28,97821,97823],{"className":30,"code":97822,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97824,97825,97831],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97826,97827,97829],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97828,6408],{"class":756},[37,97830,8761],{"class":51},[37,97832,97833,97835],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97834,6408],{"class":756},[37,97836,8761],{"class":51},[20,97838,97839,97840,292],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[110,97841,97842],{},"same set object",[307,97844,1872,97846],{"id":97845},"using-set",[15,97847,3923],{},[28,97849,97851],{"className":30,"code":97850,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97852,97853,97873,97881,97885,97895,97899,97909],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97854,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869,97871],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97856,670],{"class":43},[37,97858,48],{"class":47},[37,97860,10605],{"class":51},[37,97862,501],{"class":122},[37,97864,65],{"class":51},[37,97866,890],{"class":122},[37,97868,65],{"class":51},[37,97870,513],{"class":122},[37,97872,9424],{"class":51},[37,97874,97875,97877,97879],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97876,97773],{"class":43},[37,97878,48],{"class":47},[37,97880,97778],{"class":43},[37,97882,97883],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,97884,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97886,97887,97889,97891,97893],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,97888,670],{"class":43},[37,97890,48],{"class":47},[37,97892,15742],{"class":756},[37,97894,8761],{"class":51},[37,97896,97897],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,97898,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,97902,92],{"class":91},[37,97904,95],{"class":51},[37,97906,687],{"class":102},[37,97908,85],{"class":51},[37,97910,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,97912,92],{"class":91},[37,97914,95],{"class":51},[37,97916,97815],{"class":102},[37,97918,85],{"class":51},[20,97920,112],{},[28,97922,97924],{"className":30,"code":97923,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97925,97926,97932],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97927,97928,97930],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97929,6408],{"class":756},[37,97931,8761],{"class":51},[37,97933,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,97935,9394],{"class":51},[37,97937,501],{"class":122},[37,97939,65],{"class":51},[37,97941,890],{"class":122},[37,97943,65],{"class":51},[37,97945,513],{"class":122},[37,97947,9424],{"class":51},[20,97949,1088,97950,93182,97953,97956,97957,292,97959,97961,97962,97964],{},[15,97951,97952],{},"items = set()",[110,97954,97955],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97958,687],{},[9961,97960],{},"\nBut ",[15,97963,97815],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97966,97967],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97969,97970,97971,292],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[285,97972,96422],{"href":97973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[130,97975,17528],{"id":17527},[20,97977,97978,14163,97980,97982],{},[15,97979,11436],{},[110,97981,711],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97984,5268,97985,292],{},[15,97986,3904],{},[28,97988,97990],{"className":30,"code":97989,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97991,97992,98012,98016,98030,98034,98044],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,97993,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006,98008,98010],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,97995,207],{"class":43},[37,97997,48],{"class":47},[37,97999,10605],{"class":51},[37,98001,501],{"class":122},[37,98003,65],{"class":51},[37,98005,890],{"class":122},[37,98007,65],{"class":51},[37,98009,513],{"class":122},[37,98011,9424],{"class":51},[37,98013,98014],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98015,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,98017,98018,98020,98022,98024,98026,98028],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98019,2362],{"class":43},[37,98021,48],{"class":47},[37,98023,4383],{"class":43},[37,98025,292],{"class":51},[37,98027,11498],{"class":102},[37,98029,8761],{"class":51},[37,98031,98032],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,98033,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,98035,98036,98038,98040,98042],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,98037,92],{"class":91},[37,98039,95],{"class":51},[37,98041,2397],{"class":102},[37,98043,85],{"class":51},[37,98045,98046,98048,98050,98052],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,98047,92],{"class":91},[37,98049,95],{"class":51},[37,98051,246],{"class":102},[37,98053,85],{"class":51},[20,98055,112],{},[28,98057,98059],{"className":30,"code":98058,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"None\nset()\n",[15,98060,98061,98065],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98062,98063],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98064,11920],{"class":3977},[37,98066,98067,98069],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98068,6408],{"class":756},[37,98070,8761],{"class":51},[20,98072,98073],{},"Do not do this:",[28,98075,98077],{"className":30,"code":98076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98078,98079,98099,98113,98117],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98080,98081,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98082,207],{"class":43},[37,98084,48],{"class":47},[37,98086,10605],{"class":51},[37,98088,501],{"class":122},[37,98090,65],{"class":51},[37,98092,890],{"class":122},[37,98094,65],{"class":51},[37,98096,513],{"class":122},[37,98098,9424],{"class":51},[37,98100,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98102,207],{"class":43},[37,98104,48],{"class":47},[37,98106,4383],{"class":43},[37,98108,292],{"class":51},[37,98110,11498],{"class":102},[37,98112,8761],{"class":51},[37,98114,98115],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98116,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,98118,98119,98121,98123,98125],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,98120,92],{"class":91},[37,98122,95],{"class":51},[37,98124,246],{"class":102},[37,98126,85],{"class":51},[20,98128,112],{},[28,98130,98131],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98132,98133],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98134,98135],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98136,11920],{"class":3977},[20,98138,22296,98139,2530,98141,98143,98144,98146,98147,292],{},[15,98140,54651],{},[15,98142,3904],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98145,3904],{}," back to ",[15,98148,246],{},[130,98150,155],{"id":4638},[20,98152,10863,98153,292],{},[15,98154,97490],{},[307,98156,12707,98158],{"id":98157},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98159,11436],{},[20,98161,16753],{},[28,98163,98165],{"className":30,"code":98164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98166,98167,98187,98201],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98168,98169,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183,98185],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98170,15737],{"class":43},[37,98172,48],{"class":47},[37,98174,10605],{"class":51},[37,98176,501],{"class":122},[37,98178,65],{"class":51},[37,98180,890],{"class":122},[37,98182,65],{"class":51},[37,98184,513],{"class":122},[37,98186,9424],{"class":51},[37,98188,98189,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98190,15737],{"class":43},[37,98192,48],{"class":47},[37,98194,97014],{"class":43},[37,98196,292],{"class":51},[37,98198,11498],{"class":102},[37,98200,8761],{"class":51},[37,98202,98203,98205,98207,98209],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98204,92],{"class":91},[37,98206,95],{"class":51},[37,98208,15775],{"class":102},[37,98210,85],{"class":51},[20,98212,112],{},[28,98214,98215],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98216,98217],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98218,98219],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98220,11920],{"class":3977},[20,98222,16765],{},[28,98224,98226],{"className":30,"code":98225,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98227,98228,98248,98258],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98229,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98231,15737],{"class":43},[37,98233,48],{"class":47},[37,98235,10605],{"class":51},[37,98237,501],{"class":122},[37,98239,65],{"class":51},[37,98241,890],{"class":122},[37,98243,65],{"class":51},[37,98245,513],{"class":122},[37,98247,9424],{"class":51},[37,98249,98250,98252,98254,98256],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98251,15775],{"class":43},[37,98253,292],{"class":51},[37,98255,11498],{"class":102},[37,98257,8761],{"class":51},[37,98259,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98261,92],{"class":91},[37,98263,95],{"class":51},[37,98265,15775],{"class":102},[37,98267,85],{"class":51},[20,98269,112],{},[28,98271,98272],{"className":30,"code":97548,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98273,98274],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98275,98276,98278],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98277,6408],{"class":756},[37,98279,8761],{"class":51},[307,98281,1880,98283,98285],{"id":98282},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98284,11436],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98287,98288,98290,98291,98293],{},[15,98289,11436],{}," removes ",[110,98292,3841],{}," items from the set.",[20,98295,98296,98297,3006,98302,292],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[285,98298,98300],{"href":98299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98301,55620],{},[285,98303,98305],{"href":98304},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98306,12875],{},[307,98308,1872,98310,98312],{"id":98309},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98311,3918],{}," for an empty set",[20,98314,1184],{},[28,98316,98318],{"className":30,"code":98317,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98319,98320,98329],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98321,98322,98325,98327],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98323,98324],{"class":43},"empty_value ",[37,98326,48],{"class":47},[37,98328,9953],{"class":51},[37,98330,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339,98342],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98332,92],{"class":91},[37,98334,95],{"class":51},[37,98336,757],{"class":756},[37,98338,95],{"class":51},[37,98340,98341],{"class":102},"empty_value",[37,98343,106],{"class":51},[20,98345,112],{},[28,98347,98348],{"className":30,"code":8927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98349,98350],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98351,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98353,808],{"class":47},[37,98355,812],{"class":811},[37,98357,815],{"class":55},[37,98359,8940],{"class":59},[37,98361,821],{"class":55},[37,98363,824],{"class":47},[20,98365,98366,8907],{},[15,98367,3918],{},[20,98369,98370],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[28,98372,98374],{"className":30,"code":98373,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98375,98376,98387],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98377,98378,98381,98383,98385],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98379,98380],{"class":43},"empty_set ",[37,98382,48],{"class":47},[37,98384,15742],{"class":756},[37,98386,8761],{"class":51},[37,98388,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98400],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98390,92],{"class":91},[37,98392,95],{"class":51},[37,98394,757],{"class":756},[37,98396,95],{"class":51},[37,98398,98399],{"class":102},"empty_set",[37,98401,106],{"class":51},[20,98403,112],{},[28,98405,98406],{"className":30,"code":8971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98407,98408],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98409,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98411,808],{"class":47},[37,98413,812],{"class":811},[37,98415,815],{"class":55},[37,98417,6408],{"class":59},[37,98419,821],{"class":55},[37,98421,824],{"class":47},[307,98423,98425],{"id":98424},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[28,98427,98429],{"className":30,"code":98428,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98430,98431,98455,98463,98467,98477,98481,98491],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98432,98433,98435,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98434,722],{"class":43},[37,98436,48],{"class":47},[37,98438,10605],{"class":51},[37,98440,56],{"class":55},[37,98442,900],{"class":59},[37,98444,56],{"class":55},[37,98446,65],{"class":51},[37,98448,68],{"class":55},[37,98450,909],{"class":59},[37,98452,56],{"class":55},[37,98454,9424],{"class":51},[37,98456,98457,98459,98461],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98458,735],{"class":43},[37,98460,48],{"class":47},[37,98462,1824],{"class":43},[37,98464,98465],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98466,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,98468,98469,98471,98473,98475],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,98470,285],{"class":43},[37,98472,292],{"class":51},[37,98474,11498],{"class":102},[37,98476,8761],{"class":51},[37,98478,98479],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,98480,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,98482,98483,98485,98487,98489],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,98484,92],{"class":91},[37,98486,95],{"class":51},[37,98488,285],{"class":102},[37,98490,85],{"class":51},[37,98492,98493,98495,98497,98499],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,98494,92],{"class":91},[37,98496,95],{"class":51},[37,98498,777],{"class":102},[37,98500,85],{"class":51},[20,98502,112],{},[28,98504,98505],{"className":30,"code":97822,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98506,98507,98513],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98508,98509,98511],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98510,6408],{"class":756},[37,98512,8761],{"class":51},[37,98514,98515,98517],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98516,6408],{"class":756},[37,98518,8761],{"class":51},[20,98520,29168,98521,851,98523,98525],{},[15,98522,285],{},[15,98524,777],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[130,98527,1969],{"id":1968},[307,98529,5262,98531,5265],{"id":98530},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98532,97490],{},[20,98534,5268,98535,98537],{},[15,98536,3904],{},". It empties the set in place.",[307,98539,1983,98541,98543],{"id":98540},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98542,11436],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98545,98546],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[307,98548,98550],{"id":98549},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98552,98553,98554,98556,98557,292],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98555,11436],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98558,3923],{},[307,98560,5300,98562,851,98564,2623],{"id":98561},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98563,11436],{},[15,98565,3923],{},[20,98567,98568,98570,98571,98573],{},[15,98569,11436],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98572,3923],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[130,98575,2025],{"id":2024},[135,98577,98578,98582,98586,98593,98599,98605],{},[138,98579,98580],{},[285,98581,96418],{"href":97589},[138,98583,98584],{},[285,98585,97428],{"href":97973},[138,98587,98588],{},[285,98589,96904,98591,10856],{"href":98590},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98592,96293],{},[138,98594,98595],{},[285,98596,96904,98597,10856],{"href":98299},[15,98598,55620],{},[138,98600,98601],{},[285,98602,96904,98603,10856],{"href":98304},[15,98604,12875],{},[138,98606,98607],{},[285,98608,96904,98610,10856],{"href":98609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98611,15064],{},[2052,98613,98614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":98616},[98617,98619,98620,98621,98628,98629,98638,98647],{"id":97564,"depth":88,"text":98618},"What set.clear() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":97728,"depth":88,"text":98622,"children":98623},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98624,98626],{"id":97741,"depth":251,"text":98625},"Using clear()",{"id":97845,"depth":251,"text":98627},"Using set()",{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":98630},[98631,98633,98635,98637],{"id":98157,"depth":251,"text":98632},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98282,"depth":251,"text":98634},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98309,"depth":251,"text":98636},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98424,"depth":251,"text":98425},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":98639},[98640,98642,98644,98645],{"id":98530,"depth":251,"text":98641},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98540,"depth":251,"text":98643},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98549,"depth":251,"text":98550},{"id":98561,"depth":251,"text":98646},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97478,"description":98648},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98655,"title":98656,"body":98657,"description":100489,"extension":2099,"meta":100490,"navigation":254,"path":96421,"seo":100491,"stem":100492,"__hash__":100493},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98658,"toc":100446},[98659,98662,98665,98668,98670,98773,98777,98824,98830,98832,98851,98855,98858,98860,98874,98883,98887,98890,98925,98929,98949,98952,98956,98959,99020,99024,99049,99056,99062,99067,99069,99081,99085,99134,99138,99162,99169,99173,99214,99218,99239,99243,99276,99280,99321,99324,99328,99333,99372,99376,99401,99406,99412,99449,99453,99476,99480,99482,99485,99488,99565,99569,99606,99609,99613,99619,99622,99632,99681,99687,99693,99720,99723,99745,99747,99778,99781,99785,99789,99828,99832,99895,99898,99931,99935,99960,99962,99965,99971,99974,100001,100004,100022,100026,100030,100033,100076,100079,100083,100086,100089,100119,100122,100126,100129,100144,100149,100153,100156,100245,100247,100250,100340,100343,100361,100363,100367,100377,100381,100389,100393,100396,100400,100403,100407,100410,100412,100440,100443],[10,98660,98656],{"id":98661},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98663,98664],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98666,98667],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[130,98669,3734],{"id":3733},[28,98671,98673],{"className":30,"code":98672,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98674,98675,98695,98729,98739,98743,98753,98763],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98676,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98678,207],{"class":43},[37,98680,48],{"class":47},[37,98682,10605],{"class":51},[37,98684,501],{"class":122},[37,98686,65],{"class":51},[37,98688,890],{"class":122},[37,98690,65],{"class":51},[37,98692,513],{"class":122},[37,98694,9424],{"class":51},[37,98696,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98698,965],{"class":43},[37,98700,48],{"class":47},[37,98702,15742],{"class":756},[37,98704,3115],{"class":51},[37,98706,56],{"class":55},[37,98708,329],{"class":59},[37,98710,56],{"class":55},[37,98712,65],{"class":51},[37,98714,68],{"class":55},[37,98716,338],{"class":59},[37,98718,56],{"class":55},[37,98720,65],{"class":51},[37,98722,68],{"class":55},[37,98724,329],{"class":59},[37,98726,56],{"class":55},[37,98728,530],{"class":51},[37,98730,98731,98733,98735,98737],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98732,98380],{"class":43},[37,98734,48],{"class":47},[37,98736,15742],{"class":756},[37,98738,8761],{"class":51},[37,98740,98741],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,98742,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,98744,98745,98747,98749,98751],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,98746,92],{"class":91},[37,98748,95],{"class":51},[37,98750,246],{"class":102},[37,98752,85],{"class":51},[37,98754,98755,98757,98759,98761],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,98756,92],{"class":91},[37,98758,95],{"class":51},[37,98760,999],{"class":102},[37,98762,85],{"class":51},[37,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,98766,92],{"class":91},[37,98768,95],{"class":51},[37,98770,98399],{"class":102},[37,98772,85],{"class":51},[20,98774,98775],{},[110,98776,112],{},[28,98778,98780],{"className":30,"code":98779,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98781,98782,98798,98818],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98783,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794,98796],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98785,9394],{"class":51},[37,98787,501],{"class":122},[37,98789,65],{"class":51},[37,98791,890],{"class":122},[37,98793,65],{"class":51},[37,98795,513],{"class":122},[37,98797,9424],{"class":51},[37,98799,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98801,9394],{"class":51},[37,98803,821],{"class":55},[37,98805,338],{"class":59},[37,98807,821],{"class":55},[37,98809,65],{"class":51},[37,98811,815],{"class":55},[37,98813,329],{"class":59},[37,98815,821],{"class":55},[37,98817,9424],{"class":51},[37,98819,98820,98822],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,98821,6408],{"class":756},[37,98823,8761],{"class":51},[20,98825,98826,98827,98829],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98828,3923],{}," for an empty set.",[130,98831,133],{"id":132},[135,98833,98834,98837,98842,98845,98848],{},[138,98835,98836],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[138,98838,98839,98840],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98841,3923],{},[138,98843,98844],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[138,98846,98847],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[138,98849,98850],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[130,98852,98854],{"id":98853},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98856,98857],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98859,30648],{},[135,98861,98862,98865,98868,98871],{},[138,98863,98864],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[138,98866,98867],{},"Sets are unordered",[138,98869,98870],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[138,98872,98873],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98875,98876,98877,3006,98879,292],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[285,98878,96418],{"href":97589},[285,98880,98882],{"href":98881},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[130,98884,98886],{"id":98885},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98888,98889],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[28,98891,98893],{"className":30,"code":98892,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98894,98895,98915],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98896,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98898,207],{"class":43},[37,98900,48],{"class":47},[37,98902,10605],{"class":51},[37,98904,501],{"class":122},[37,98906,65],{"class":51},[37,98908,890],{"class":122},[37,98910,65],{"class":51},[37,98912,513],{"class":122},[37,98914,9424],{"class":51},[37,98916,98917,98919,98921,98923],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98918,92],{"class":91},[37,98920,95],{"class":51},[37,98922,246],{"class":102},[37,98924,85],{"class":51},[20,98926,98927],{},[110,98928,30137],{},[28,98930,98931],{"className":30,"code":96697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,98932,98933],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98934,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98936,9394],{"class":51},[37,98938,501],{"class":122},[37,98940,65],{"class":51},[37,98942,890],{"class":122},[37,98944,65],{"class":51},[37,98946,513],{"class":122},[37,98948,9424],{"class":51},[20,98950,98951],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[307,98953,98955],{"id":98954},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98957,98958],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[28,98960,98962],{"className":30,"code":98961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98963,98964,98996,99006],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,98967,207],{"class":43},[37,98969,48],{"class":47},[37,98971,10605],{"class":51},[37,98973,501],{"class":122},[37,98975,65],{"class":51},[37,98977,890],{"class":122},[37,98979,65],{"class":51},[37,98981,890],{"class":122},[37,98983,65],{"class":51},[37,98985,513],{"class":122},[37,98987,65],{"class":51},[37,98989,513],{"class":122},[37,98991,65],{"class":51},[37,98993,513],{"class":122},[37,98995,9424],{"class":51},[37,98997,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,98999,92],{"class":91},[37,99001,95],{"class":51},[37,99003,246],{"class":102},[37,99005,85],{"class":51},[37,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,99009,92],{"class":91},[37,99011,95],{"class":51},[37,99013,17],{"class":91},[37,99015,95],{"class":51},[37,99017,246],{"class":102},[37,99019,106],{"class":51},[20,99021,99022],{},[110,99023,30137],{},[28,99025,99027],{"className":30,"code":99026,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99028,99029,99045],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99030,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99032,9394],{"class":51},[37,99034,501],{"class":122},[37,99036,65],{"class":51},[37,99038,890],{"class":122},[37,99040,65],{"class":51},[37,99042,513],{"class":122},[37,99044,9424],{"class":51},[37,99046,99047],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99048,115],{"class":122},[20,99050,21084,99051,851,99053,99055],{},[15,99052,508],{},[15,99054,1129],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[130,99057,99059,99060],{"id":99058},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99061,3923],{},[20,99063,22,99064,99066],{},[15,99065,3923],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99068,5578],{},[135,99070,99071,99073,99075,99077],{},[138,99072,97177],{},[138,99074,96473],{},[138,99076,56556],{},[138,99078,99079],{},[15,99080,36301],{},[307,99082,99084],{"id":99083},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[28,99086,99088],{"className":30,"code":99087,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99089,99090,99124],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99091,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99093,207],{"class":43},[37,99095,48],{"class":47},[37,99097,15742],{"class":756},[37,99099,3115],{"class":51},[37,99101,501],{"class":122},[37,99103,65],{"class":51},[37,99105,890],{"class":122},[37,99107,65],{"class":51},[37,99109,890],{"class":122},[37,99111,65],{"class":51},[37,99113,513],{"class":122},[37,99115,65],{"class":51},[37,99117,513],{"class":122},[37,99119,65],{"class":51},[37,99121,1134],{"class":122},[37,99123,530],{"class":51},[37,99125,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99127,92],{"class":91},[37,99129,95],{"class":51},[37,99131,246],{"class":102},[37,99133,85],{"class":51},[20,99135,99136],{},[110,99137,30137],{},[28,99139,99140],{"className":30,"code":96360,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,99141,99142],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99143,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99145,9394],{"class":51},[37,99147,501],{"class":122},[37,99149,65],{"class":51},[37,99151,890],{"class":122},[37,99153,65],{"class":51},[37,99155,513],{"class":122},[37,99157,65],{"class":51},[37,99159,1134],{"class":122},[37,99161,9424],{"class":51},[20,99163,99164,99165,292],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[285,99166,99168],{"href":99167},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[307,99170,99172],{"id":99171},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[28,99174,99176],{"className":30,"code":99175,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99177,99178,99204],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99179,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99181,1111],{"class":43},[37,99183,48],{"class":47},[37,99185,15742],{"class":756},[37,99187,5632],{"class":51},[37,99189,214],{"class":122},[37,99191,65],{"class":51},[37,99193,219],{"class":122},[37,99195,65],{"class":51},[37,99197,219],{"class":122},[37,99199,65],{"class":51},[37,99201,224],{"class":122},[37,99203,106],{"class":51},[37,99205,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99207,92],{"class":91},[37,99209,95],{"class":51},[37,99211,1160],{"class":102},[37,99213,85],{"class":51},[20,99215,99216],{},[110,99217,30137],{},[28,99219,99221],{"className":30,"code":99220,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99222,99223],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99224,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99226,9394],{"class":51},[37,99228,214],{"class":122},[37,99230,65],{"class":51},[37,99232,219],{"class":122},[37,99234,65],{"class":51},[37,99236,224],{"class":122},[37,99238,9424],{"class":51},[307,99240,99242],{"id":99241},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[28,99244,99246],{"className":30,"code":99245,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99247,99248,99266],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99249,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99251,1729],{"class":43},[37,99253,48],{"class":47},[37,99255,15742],{"class":756},[37,99257,95],{"class":51},[37,99259,56],{"class":55},[37,99261,3970],{"class":59},[37,99263,56],{"class":55},[37,99265,85],{"class":51},[37,99267,99268,99270,99272,99274],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99269,92],{"class":91},[37,99271,95],{"class":51},[37,99273,1785],{"class":102},[37,99275,85],{"class":51},[20,99277,99278],{},[110,99279,30137],{},[28,99281,99283],{"className":30,"code":99282,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99284,99285],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99286,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99288,9394],{"class":51},[37,99290,821],{"class":55},[37,99292,60529],{"class":59},[37,99294,821],{"class":55},[37,99296,65],{"class":51},[37,99298,815],{"class":55},[37,99300,60538],{"class":59},[37,99302,821],{"class":55},[37,99304,65],{"class":51},[37,99306,815],{"class":55},[37,99308,60547],{"class":59},[37,99310,821],{"class":55},[37,99312,65],{"class":51},[37,99314,815],{"class":55},[37,99316,60564],{"class":59},[37,99318,821],{"class":55},[37,99320,9424],{"class":51},[20,99322,99323],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[130,99325,99327],{"id":99326},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99329,99330,99331,292],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99332,3923],{},[28,99334,99336],{"className":30,"code":99335,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99337,99338,99348,99358],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99339,99340,99342,99344,99346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99341,98380],{"class":43},[37,99343,48],{"class":47},[37,99345,15742],{"class":756},[37,99347,8761],{"class":51},[37,99349,99350,99352,99354,99356],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99351,92],{"class":91},[37,99353,95],{"class":51},[37,99355,98399],{"class":102},[37,99357,85],{"class":51},[37,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,99361,92],{"class":91},[37,99363,95],{"class":51},[37,99365,757],{"class":756},[37,99367,95],{"class":51},[37,99369,98399],{"class":102},[37,99371,106],{"class":51},[20,99373,99374],{},[110,99375,112],{},[28,99377,99379],{"className":30,"code":99378,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99380,99381,99387],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99382,99383,99385],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99384,6408],{"class":756},[37,99386,8761],{"class":51},[37,99388,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99390,808],{"class":47},[37,99392,812],{"class":811},[37,99394,815],{"class":55},[37,99396,6408],{"class":59},[37,99398,821],{"class":55},[37,99400,824],{"class":47},[307,99402,1324,99404],{"id":99403},"do-not-use",[15,99405,3918],{},[20,99407,99408,99409,99411],{},"Empty braces do ",[110,99410,711],{}," create a set.",[28,99413,99415],{"className":30,"code":99414,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99416,99417,99425,99435],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99418,99419,99421,99423],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99420,98324],{"class":43},[37,99422,48],{"class":47},[37,99424,9953],{"class":51},[37,99426,99427,99429,99431,99433],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99428,92],{"class":91},[37,99430,95],{"class":51},[37,99432,98341],{"class":102},[37,99434,85],{"class":51},[37,99436,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,99438,92],{"class":91},[37,99440,95],{"class":51},[37,99442,757],{"class":756},[37,99444,95],{"class":51},[37,99446,98341],{"class":102},[37,99448,106],{"class":51},[20,99450,99451],{},[110,99452,112],{},[28,99454,99456],{"className":30,"code":99455,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99457,99458,99462],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99459,99460],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99461,9550],{"class":51},[37,99463,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99465,808],{"class":47},[37,99467,812],{"class":811},[37,99469,815],{"class":55},[37,99471,8940],{"class":59},[37,99473,821],{"class":55},[37,99475,824],{"class":47},[20,99477,99478,8907],{},[15,99479,3918],{},[130,99481,72356],{"id":72355},[20,99483,99484],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99486,99487],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[28,99489,99491],{"className":30,"code":99490,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99492,99493,99541,99551],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99496,965],{"class":43},[37,99498,48],{"class":47},[37,99500,10605],{"class":51},[37,99502,56],{"class":55},[37,99504,329],{"class":59},[37,99506,56],{"class":55},[37,99508,65],{"class":51},[37,99510,68],{"class":55},[37,99512,338],{"class":59},[37,99514,56],{"class":55},[37,99516,65],{"class":51},[37,99518,68],{"class":55},[37,99520,329],{"class":59},[37,99522,56],{"class":55},[37,99524,65],{"class":51},[37,99526,68],{"class":55},[37,99528,329],{"class":59},[37,99530,56],{"class":55},[37,99532,65],{"class":51},[37,99534,68],{"class":55},[37,99536,347],{"class":59},[37,99538,56],{"class":55},[37,99540,9424],{"class":51},[37,99542,99543,99545,99547,99549],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99544,92],{"class":91},[37,99546,95],{"class":51},[37,99548,999],{"class":102},[37,99550,85],{"class":51},[37,99552,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,99554,92],{"class":91},[37,99556,95],{"class":51},[37,99558,17],{"class":91},[37,99560,95],{"class":51},[37,99562,999],{"class":102},[37,99564,106],{"class":51},[20,99566,99567],{},[110,99568,30137],{},[28,99570,99572],{"className":30,"code":99571,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99573,99574,99602],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99575,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99577,9394],{"class":51},[37,99579,821],{"class":55},[37,99581,338],{"class":59},[37,99583,821],{"class":55},[37,99585,65],{"class":51},[37,99587,815],{"class":55},[37,99589,347],{"class":59},[37,99591,821],{"class":55},[37,99593,65],{"class":51},[37,99595,815],{"class":55},[37,99597,329],{"class":59},[37,99599,821],{"class":55},[37,99601,9424],{"class":51},[37,99603,99604],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99605,115],{"class":122},[20,99607,99608],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[130,99610,99612],{"id":99611},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99614,99615,99616,99618],{},"Set items must be ",[110,99617,96461],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99620,99621],{},"These usually work:",[135,99623,99624,99626,99628,99630],{},[138,99625,56553],{},[138,99627,56556],{},[138,99629,96473],{},[138,99631,40696],{},[28,99633,99635],{"className":30,"code":99634,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99636,99637,99671],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99638,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99640,1111],{"class":43},[37,99642,48],{"class":47},[37,99644,10605],{"class":51},[37,99646,501],{"class":122},[37,99648,65],{"class":51},[37,99650,68],{"class":55},[37,99652,329],{"class":59},[37,99654,56],{"class":55},[37,99656,65],{"class":51},[37,99658,52],{"class":51},[37,99660,214],{"class":122},[37,99662,65],{"class":51},[37,99664,219],{"class":122},[37,99666,516],{"class":51},[37,99668,4039],{"class":3977},[37,99670,9424],{"class":51},[37,99672,99673,99675,99677,99679],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99674,92],{"class":91},[37,99676,95],{"class":51},[37,99678,1160],{"class":102},[37,99680,85],{"class":51},[20,99682,99683,99684,99686],{},"These do ",[110,99685,711],{}," work directly:",[135,99688,99689,99691],{},[138,99690,97177],{},[138,99692,97180],{},[28,99694,99696],{"className":30,"code":99695,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99697,99698],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99699,99700,99703,99705,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99701,99702],{"class":43},"bad_set ",[37,99704,48],{"class":47},[37,99706,99707],{"class":51}," {[",[37,99709,501],{"class":122},[37,99711,65],{"class":51},[37,99713,890],{"class":122},[37,99715,65],{"class":51},[37,99717,513],{"class":122},[37,99719,13815],{"class":51},[20,99721,99722],{},"This raises an error:",[28,99724,99725],{"className":30,"code":97236,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,99726,99727],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99728,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99730,3133],{"class":756},[37,99732,3013],{"class":51},[37,99734,97247],{"class":43},[37,99736,757],{"class":756},[37,99738,3013],{"class":51},[37,99740,815],{"class":55},[37,99742,8213],{"class":59},[37,99744,29807],{"class":55},[20,99746,52171],{},[28,99748,99750],{"className":30,"code":99749,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99751,99752],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99753,99754,99756,99758,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99755,99702],{"class":43},[37,99757,48],{"class":47},[37,99759,99760],{"class":51}," {{",[37,99762,56],{"class":55},[37,99764,7790],{"class":59},[37,99766,56],{"class":55},[37,99768,3013],{"class":51},[37,99770,68],{"class":55},[37,99772,7799],{"class":59},[37,99774,56],{"class":55},[37,99776,99777],{"class":51},"}}\n",[20,99779,99780],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[130,99782,99784],{"id":99783},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[307,99786,99788],{"id":99787},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[28,99790,99792],{"className":30,"code":99791,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99793,99794,99818],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99795,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99797,207],{"class":43},[37,99799,48],{"class":47},[37,99801,10605],{"class":51},[37,99803,501],{"class":122},[37,99805,65],{"class":51},[37,99807,890],{"class":122},[37,99809,65],{"class":51},[37,99811,513],{"class":122},[37,99813,65],{"class":51},[37,99815,1134],{"class":122},[37,99817,9424],{"class":51},[37,99819,99820,99822,99824,99826],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99821,92],{"class":91},[37,99823,95],{"class":51},[37,99825,246],{"class":102},[37,99827,85],{"class":51},[307,99829,99831],{"id":99830},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[28,99833,99835],{"className":30,"code":99834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99836,99837,99865,99880,99884],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99838,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99840,670],{"class":43},[37,99842,48],{"class":47},[37,99844,519],{"class":51},[37,99846,501],{"class":122},[37,99848,65],{"class":51},[37,99850,5619],{"class":122},[37,99852,65],{"class":51},[37,99854,890],{"class":122},[37,99856,65],{"class":51},[37,99858,513],{"class":122},[37,99860,65],{"class":51},[37,99862,513],{"class":122},[37,99864,3760],{"class":51},[37,99866,99867,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99868,99869],{"class":43},"unique_items ",[37,99871,48],{"class":47},[37,99873,15742],{"class":756},[37,99875,95],{"class":51},[37,99877,687],{"class":102},[37,99879,85],{"class":51},[37,99881,99882],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,99883,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,99885,99886,99888,99890,99893],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,99887,92],{"class":91},[37,99889,95],{"class":51},[37,99891,99892],{"class":102},"unique_items",[37,99894,85],{"class":51},[307,99896,99242],{"id":99897},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[28,99899,99901],{"className":30,"code":99900,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99902,99903,99921],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99904,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99906,1729],{"class":43},[37,99908,48],{"class":47},[37,99910,15742],{"class":756},[37,99912,95],{"class":51},[37,99914,56],{"class":55},[37,99916,338],{"class":59},[37,99918,56],{"class":55},[37,99920,85],{"class":51},[37,99922,99923,99925,99927,99929],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99924,92],{"class":91},[37,99926,95],{"class":51},[37,99928,1785],{"class":102},[37,99930,85],{"class":51},[307,99932,99934],{"id":99933},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[28,99936,99938],{"className":30,"code":99937,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99939,99940,99950],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99941,99942,99944,99946,99948],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99943,98380],{"class":43},[37,99945,48],{"class":47},[37,99947,15742],{"class":756},[37,99949,8761],{"class":51},[37,99951,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99953,92],{"class":91},[37,99955,95],{"class":51},[37,99957,98399],{"class":102},[37,99959,85],{"class":51},[130,99961,1854],{"id":1853},[20,99963,99964],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[307,99966,1872,99968,99970],{"id":99967},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99969,3918],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99972,99973],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[28,99975,99977],{"className":30,"code":99976,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99978,99979,99987],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,99980,99981,99983,99985],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,99982,1194],{"class":43},[37,99984,48],{"class":47},[37,99986,9953],{"class":51},[37,99988,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,99990,92],{"class":91},[37,99992,95],{"class":51},[37,99994,757],{"class":756},[37,99996,95],{"class":51},[37,99998,1215],{"class":102},[37,100000,106],{"class":51},[20,100002,100003],{},"This prints:",[28,100005,100006],{"className":30,"code":8927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,100007,100008],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100009,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100011,808],{"class":47},[37,100013,812],{"class":811},[37,100015,815],{"class":55},[37,100017,8940],{"class":59},[37,100019,821],{"class":55},[37,100021,824],{"class":47},[20,100023,22,100024,6752],{},[15,100025,3923],{},[307,100027,100029],{"id":100028},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100031,100032],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[28,100034,100036],{"className":30,"code":100035,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100037,100038,100066],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100041,207],{"class":43},[37,100043,48],{"class":47},[37,100045,10605],{"class":51},[37,100047,501],{"class":122},[37,100049,65],{"class":51},[37,100051,5619],{"class":122},[37,100053,65],{"class":51},[37,100055,890],{"class":122},[37,100057,65],{"class":51},[37,100059,890],{"class":122},[37,100061,65],{"class":51},[37,100063,513],{"class":122},[37,100065,9424],{"class":51},[37,100067,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100069,92],{"class":91},[37,100071,95],{"class":51},[37,100073,246],{"class":102},[37,100075,85],{"class":51},[20,100077,100078],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[307,100080,100082],{"id":100081},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100084,100085],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100087,100088],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[28,100090,100092],{"className":30,"code":100091,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100093,100094,100114],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100095,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100097,207],{"class":43},[37,100099,48],{"class":47},[37,100101,10605],{"class":51},[37,100103,214],{"class":122},[37,100105,65],{"class":51},[37,100107,219],{"class":122},[37,100109,65],{"class":51},[37,100111,224],{"class":122},[37,100113,9424],{"class":51},[37,100115,100116],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100117,100118],{"class":3788},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100120,100121],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[307,100123,100125],{"id":100124},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100127,100128],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[28,100130,100132],{"className":30,"code":100131,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100133,100134,100139],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100135,100136],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100137,100138],{"class":3788},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[37,100140,100141],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100142,100143],{"class":3788},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100145,100146,100147,292],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100148,3133],{},[307,100150,100152],{"id":100151},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100154,100155],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[28,100157,100159],{"className":30,"code":100158,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100160,100161,100181,100213,100217,100231],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100162,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100164,15737],{"class":43},[37,100166,48],{"class":47},[37,100168,10605],{"class":51},[37,100170,501],{"class":122},[37,100172,65],{"class":51},[37,100174,890],{"class":122},[37,100176,65],{"class":51},[37,100178,513],{"class":122},[37,100180,9424],{"class":51},[37,100182,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100184,11837],{"class":43},[37,100186,48],{"class":47},[37,100188,10605],{"class":51},[37,100190,56],{"class":55},[37,100192,285],{"class":59},[37,100194,56],{"class":55},[37,100196,3013],{"class":51},[37,100198,5619],{"class":122},[37,100200,65],{"class":51},[37,100202,68],{"class":55},[37,100204,777],{"class":59},[37,100206,56],{"class":55},[37,100208,3013],{"class":51},[37,100210,890],{"class":122},[37,100212,9424],{"class":51},[37,100214,100215],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,100216,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,100218,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,100220,92],{"class":91},[37,100222,95],{"class":51},[37,100224,757],{"class":756},[37,100226,95],{"class":51},[37,100228,15775],{"class":102},[37,100230,106],{"class":51},[37,100232,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,100234,92],{"class":91},[37,100236,95],{"class":51},[37,100238,757],{"class":756},[37,100240,95],{"class":51},[37,100242,11565],{"class":102},[37,100244,106],{"class":51},[130,100246,92873],{"id":92872},[20,100248,100249],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[28,100251,100253],{"className":30,"code":100252,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100254,100255,100281,100285,100299,100309,100323,100330],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100256,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100258,15737],{"class":43},[37,100260,48],{"class":47},[37,100262,15742],{"class":756},[37,100264,3115],{"class":51},[37,100266,501],{"class":122},[37,100268,65],{"class":51},[37,100270,890],{"class":122},[37,100272,65],{"class":51},[37,100274,890],{"class":122},[37,100276,65],{"class":51},[37,100278,513],{"class":122},[37,100280,530],{"class":51},[37,100282,100283],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100284,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,100286,100287,100289,100291,100293,100295,100297],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,100288,92],{"class":91},[37,100290,95],{"class":51},[37,100292,757],{"class":756},[37,100294,95],{"class":51},[37,100296,15775],{"class":102},[37,100298,106],{"class":51},[37,100300,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,100302,92],{"class":91},[37,100304,95],{"class":51},[37,100306,15775],{"class":102},[37,100308,85],{"class":51},[37,100310,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,100312,92],{"class":91},[37,100314,95],{"class":51},[37,100316,17],{"class":91},[37,100318,95],{"class":51},[37,100320,15775],{"class":102},[37,100322,106],{"class":51},[37,100324,100325,100327],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,100326,92],{"class":91},[37,100328,100329],{"class":51},"({})\n",[37,100331,100332,100334,100336,100338],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,100333,92],{"class":91},[37,100335,95],{"class":51},[37,100337,6408],{"class":756},[37,100339,7315],{"class":51},[20,100341,100342],{},"Use these to confirm:",[135,100344,100345,100348,100351,100354],{},[138,100346,100347],{},"The object type",[138,100349,100350],{},"The actual values stored",[138,100352,100353],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[138,100355,100356,100357,851,100359],{},"The difference between ",[15,100358,3918],{},[15,100360,3923],{},[130,100362,1969],{"id":1968},[307,100364,100366],{"id":100365},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100368,100369,100370,100373,100374,100376],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100371,100372],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100375,3923],{}," with another iterable.",[307,100378,100380],{"id":100379},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100382,22,100383,100385,100386,100388],{},[15,100384,3923],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100387,3918],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[307,100390,100392],{"id":100391},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100394,100395],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[307,100397,100399],{"id":100398},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100401,100402],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[307,100404,100406],{"id":100405},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100408,100409],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[130,100411,2025],{"id":2024},[135,100413,100414,100418,100424,100430,100435],{},[138,100415,100416],{},[285,100417,96418],{"href":97589},[138,100419,100420],{},[285,100421,288,100422,10856],{"href":98590},[15,100423,96298],{},[138,100425,100426],{},[285,100427,288,100428,10856],{"href":98609},[15,100429,97404],{},[138,100431,100432],{},[285,100433,100434],{"href":99167},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[138,100436,100437],{},[285,100438,100439],{"href":98881},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100441,100442],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2052,100444,100445],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":100447},[100448,100449,100450,100451,100454,100460,100464,100465,100466,100472,100480,100481,100488],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":98853,"depth":88,"text":98854},{"id":98885,"depth":88,"text":98886,"children":100452},[100453],{"id":98954,"depth":251,"text":98955},{"id":99058,"depth":88,"text":100455,"children":100456},"Create a set with set()",[100457,100458,100459],{"id":99083,"depth":251,"text":99084},{"id":99171,"depth":251,"text":99172},{"id":99241,"depth":251,"text":99242},{"id":99326,"depth":88,"text":99327,"children":100461},[100462],{"id":99403,"depth":251,"text":100463},"Do not use {}",{"id":72355,"depth":88,"text":72356},{"id":99611,"depth":88,"text":99612},{"id":99783,"depth":88,"text":99784,"children":100467},[100468,100469,100470,100471],{"id":99787,"depth":251,"text":99788},{"id":99830,"depth":251,"text":99831},{"id":99897,"depth":251,"text":99242},{"id":99933,"depth":251,"text":99934},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":100473},[100474,100476,100477,100478,100479],{"id":99967,"depth":251,"text":100475},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100028,"depth":251,"text":100029},{"id":100081,"depth":251,"text":100082},{"id":100124,"depth":251,"text":100125},{"id":100151,"depth":251,"text":100152},{"id":92872,"depth":88,"text":92873},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":100482},[100483,100484,100485,100486,100487],{"id":100365,"depth":251,"text":100366},{"id":100379,"depth":251,"text":100380},{"id":100391,"depth":251,"text":100392},{"id":100398,"depth":251,"text":100399},{"id":100405,"depth":251,"text":100406},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98656,"description":100489},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100495,"title":100496,"body":100497,"description":102928,"extension":2099,"meta":102929,"navigation":254,"path":102930,"seo":102931,"stem":102932,"__hash__":102933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100498,"toc":102893},[100499,100505,100511,100514,100516,100593,100595,100612,100622,100624,100629,100637,100639,100655,100659,100661,100663,100666,100687,100690,100714,100720,100722,100819,100821,100838,100848,100850,100852,100860,100862,100873,100875,100966,100968,100992,101003,101005,101007,101010,101140,101142,101215,101217,101238,101241,101243,101249,101254,101257,101384,101386,101403,101406,101408,101416,101419,101423,101431,101522,101524,101561,101566,101573,101650,101652,101668,101673,101678,101680,101689,101697,101778,101780,101809,101812,101816,101827,101830,101913,101915,101936,101942,101944,101946,101950,101954,101961,102026,102028,102048,102051,102120,102122,102138,102142,102148,102160,102168,102170,102255,102257,102286,102289,102293,102298,102300,102350,102353,102434,102436,102452,102456,102459,102534,102537,102541,102544,102621,102623,102656,102662,102666,102669,102804,102806,102820,102822,102824,102830,102833,102840,102848,102854,102857,102861,102864,102866,102868,102890],[10,100500,96290,100502,11437],{"id":100501},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100503,100504],{},"difference()",[20,100506,100507,100510],{},[15,100508,100509],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100512,100513],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[130,100515,3734],{"id":3733},[28,100517,100519],{"className":30,"code":100518,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100520,100521,100545,100565,100583],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100522,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100524,722],{"class":43},[37,100526,48],{"class":47},[37,100528,10605],{"class":51},[37,100530,501],{"class":122},[37,100532,65],{"class":51},[37,100534,890],{"class":122},[37,100536,65],{"class":51},[37,100538,513],{"class":122},[37,100540,65],{"class":51},[37,100542,1134],{"class":122},[37,100544,9424],{"class":51},[37,100546,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100548,735],{"class":43},[37,100550,48],{"class":47},[37,100552,10605],{"class":51},[37,100554,1129],{"class":122},[37,100556,65],{"class":51},[37,100558,1134],{"class":122},[37,100560,65],{"class":51},[37,100562,527],{"class":122},[37,100564,9424],{"class":51},[37,100566,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,100568,2362],{"class":43},[37,100570,48],{"class":47},[37,100572,56979],{"class":43},[37,100574,292],{"class":51},[37,100576,2940],{"class":102},[37,100578,95],{"class":51},[37,100580,777],{"class":102},[37,100582,85],{"class":51},[37,100584,100585,100587,100589,100591],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,100586,92],{"class":91},[37,100588,95],{"class":51},[37,100590,2397],{"class":102},[37,100592,85],{"class":51},[20,100594,112],{},[28,100596,100598],{"className":30,"code":100597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100599,100600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100601,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100603,9394],{"class":51},[37,100605,501],{"class":122},[37,100607,65],{"class":51},[37,100609,890],{"class":122},[37,100611,9424],{"class":51},[20,100613,100614,100616,100617,100619,100620,292],{},[15,100615,100504],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100618,285],{}," that are not in ",[15,100621,777],{},[45014,100623],{},[130,100625,296,100627,3805],{"id":100626},"what-difference-does",[15,100628,100504],{},[20,100630,1531,100631,100633,100634,100636],{},[15,100632,100504],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[110,100635,711],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100638,13164],{},[135,100640,100641,100646,100649,100652],{},[138,100642,100643,100645],{},[15,100644,100504],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[138,100647,100648],{},"It creates a new set",[138,100650,100651],{},"It does not change the original set",[138,100653,100654],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100656,96414,100657,292],{},[285,100658,96418],{"href":97589},[45014,100660],{},[130,100662,159],{"id":158},[20,100664,100665],{},"Use this form:",[28,100667,100669],{"className":30,"code":100668,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100670,100671],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100672,100673,100676,100678,100680,100682,100685],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100674,100675],{"class":43},"set1",[37,100677,292],{"class":51},[37,100679,2940],{"class":102},[37,100681,95],{"class":51},[37,100683,100684],{"class":102},"set2",[37,100686,85],{"class":51},[20,100688,100689],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[28,100691,100693],{"className":30,"code":100692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100694,100695],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100696,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100712],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100698,100675],{"class":43},[37,100700,292],{"class":51},[37,100702,2940],{"class":102},[37,100704,95],{"class":51},[37,100706,100684],{"class":102},[37,100708,65],{"class":51},[37,100710,100711],{"class":102}," set3",[37,100713,85],{"class":51},[20,100715,100716,100717,100719],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[110,100718,5475],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100721,197],{},[28,100723,100725],{"className":30,"code":100724,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100726,100727,100755,100771,100783,100787,100809],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100728,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100730,722],{"class":43},[37,100732,48],{"class":47},[37,100734,10605],{"class":51},[37,100736,501],{"class":122},[37,100738,65],{"class":51},[37,100740,890],{"class":122},[37,100742,65],{"class":51},[37,100744,513],{"class":122},[37,100746,65],{"class":51},[37,100748,1134],{"class":122},[37,100750,65],{"class":51},[37,100752,527],{"class":122},[37,100754,9424],{"class":51},[37,100756,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100758,735],{"class":43},[37,100760,48],{"class":47},[37,100762,10605],{"class":51},[37,100764,508],{"class":122},[37,100766,65],{"class":51},[37,100768,513],{"class":122},[37,100770,9424],{"class":51},[37,100772,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,100774,83273],{"class":43},[37,100776,48],{"class":47},[37,100778,10605],{"class":51},[37,100780,446],{"class":122},[37,100782,9424],{"class":51},[37,100784,100785],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,100786,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,100788,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,100790,2362],{"class":43},[37,100792,48],{"class":47},[37,100794,56979],{"class":43},[37,100796,292],{"class":51},[37,100798,2940],{"class":102},[37,100800,95],{"class":51},[37,100802,777],{"class":102},[37,100804,65],{"class":51},[37,100806,9797],{"class":102},[37,100808,85],{"class":51},[37,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,100812,92],{"class":91},[37,100814,95],{"class":51},[37,100816,2397],{"class":102},[37,100818,85],{"class":51},[20,100820,112],{},[28,100822,100824],{"className":30,"code":100823,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100825,100826],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100827,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100829,9394],{"class":51},[37,100831,501],{"class":122},[37,100833,65],{"class":51},[37,100835,1134],{"class":122},[37,100837,9424],{"class":51},[20,100839,100840,100841,100843,100844,3006,100846,292],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100842,285],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100845,777],{},[15,100847,1754],{},[45014,100849],{},[130,100851,17528],{"id":17527},[20,100853,100854,100856,100857,292],{},[15,100855,100504],{}," always returns a ",[110,100858,100859],{},"new set",[20,100861,43749],{},[135,100863,100864,100867,100870],{},[138,100865,100866],{},"The return value is a new set",[138,100868,100869],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[138,100871,100872],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100874,197],{},[28,100876,100878],{"className":30,"code":100877,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100879,100880,100896,100916,100920,100938,100942,100952],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100881,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100883,722],{"class":43},[37,100885,48],{"class":47},[37,100887,10605],{"class":51},[37,100889,501],{"class":122},[37,100891,65],{"class":51},[37,100893,890],{"class":122},[37,100895,9424],{"class":51},[37,100897,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100899,735],{"class":43},[37,100901,48],{"class":47},[37,100903,10605],{"class":51},[37,100905,501],{"class":122},[37,100907,65],{"class":51},[37,100909,890],{"class":122},[37,100911,65],{"class":51},[37,100913,513],{"class":122},[37,100915,9424],{"class":51},[37,100917,100918],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,100919,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,100921,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,100923,2362],{"class":43},[37,100925,48],{"class":47},[37,100927,56979],{"class":43},[37,100929,292],{"class":51},[37,100931,2940],{"class":102},[37,100933,95],{"class":51},[37,100935,777],{"class":102},[37,100937,85],{"class":51},[37,100939,100940],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,100941,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,100943,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,100945,92],{"class":91},[37,100947,95],{"class":51},[37,100949,2397],{"class":102},[37,100951,85],{"class":51},[37,100953,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,100955,92],{"class":91},[37,100957,95],{"class":51},[37,100959,757],{"class":756},[37,100961,95],{"class":51},[37,100963,2397],{"class":102},[37,100965,106],{"class":51},[20,100967,112],{},[28,100969,100970],{"className":30,"code":99378,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,100971,100972,100978],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,100973,100974,100976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,100975,6408],{"class":756},[37,100977,8761],{"class":51},[37,100979,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,100981,808],{"class":47},[37,100983,812],{"class":811},[37,100985,815],{"class":55},[37,100987,6408],{"class":59},[37,100989,821],{"class":55},[37,100991,824],{"class":47},[20,100993,100994,100995,19071,100997,100999,101000,101002],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100996,3923],{},[15,100998,3918],{},". In Python, ",[15,101001,3918],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45014,101004],{},[130,101006,11590],{"id":11589},[20,101008,101009],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[28,101011,101013],{"className":30,"code":101012,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101014,101015,101048,101081,101085,101105,101109,101119,101130],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101016,101017,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101018,101019],{"class":43},"fruits_a ",[37,101021,48],{"class":47},[37,101023,10605],{"class":51},[37,101025,56],{"class":55},[37,101027,329],{"class":59},[37,101029,56],{"class":55},[37,101031,65],{"class":51},[37,101033,68],{"class":55},[37,101035,338],{"class":59},[37,101037,56],{"class":55},[37,101039,65],{"class":51},[37,101041,68],{"class":55},[37,101043,347],{"class":59},[37,101045,56],{"class":55},[37,101047,9424],{"class":51},[37,101049,101050,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101051,101052],{"class":43},"fruits_b ",[37,101054,48],{"class":47},[37,101056,10605],{"class":51},[37,101058,56],{"class":55},[37,101060,338],{"class":59},[37,101062,56],{"class":55},[37,101064,65],{"class":51},[37,101066,68],{"class":55},[37,101068,347],{"class":59},[37,101070,56],{"class":55},[37,101072,65],{"class":51},[37,101074,68],{"class":55},[37,101076,22639],{"class":59},[37,101078,56],{"class":55},[37,101080,9424],{"class":51},[37,101082,101083],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101084,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101086,101087,101089,101091,101094,101096,101098,101100,101103],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,101088,2362],{"class":43},[37,101090,48],{"class":47},[37,101092,101093],{"class":43}," fruits_a",[37,101095,292],{"class":51},[37,101097,2940],{"class":102},[37,101099,95],{"class":51},[37,101101,101102],{"class":102},"fruits_b",[37,101104,85],{"class":51},[37,101106,101107],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,101108,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,101112,92],{"class":91},[37,101114,95],{"class":51},[37,101116,2397],{"class":102},[37,101118,85],{"class":51},[37,101120,101121,101123,101125,101128],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,101122,92],{"class":91},[37,101124,95],{"class":51},[37,101126,101127],{"class":102},"fruits_a",[37,101129,85],{"class":51},[37,101131,101132,101134,101136,101138],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,101133,92],{"class":91},[37,101135,95],{"class":51},[37,101137,101102],{"class":102},[37,101139,85],{"class":51},[20,101141,30137],{},[28,101143,101145],{"className":30,"code":101144,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101146,101147,101159,101187],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101148,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101150,9394],{"class":51},[37,101152,821],{"class":55},[37,101154,329],{"class":59},[37,101156,821],{"class":55},[37,101158,9424],{"class":51},[37,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101162,9394],{"class":51},[37,101164,821],{"class":55},[37,101166,338],{"class":59},[37,101168,821],{"class":55},[37,101170,65],{"class":51},[37,101172,815],{"class":55},[37,101174,347],{"class":59},[37,101176,821],{"class":55},[37,101178,65],{"class":51},[37,101180,815],{"class":55},[37,101182,329],{"class":59},[37,101184,821],{"class":55},[37,101186,9424],{"class":51},[37,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101190,9394],{"class":51},[37,101192,821],{"class":55},[37,101194,338],{"class":59},[37,101196,821],{"class":55},[37,101198,65],{"class":51},[37,101200,815],{"class":55},[37,101202,347],{"class":59},[37,101204,821],{"class":55},[37,101206,65],{"class":51},[37,101208,815],{"class":55},[37,101210,22639],{"class":59},[37,101212,821],{"class":55},[37,101214,9424],{"class":51},[20,101216,11797],{},[135,101218,101219,101224,101229,101235],{},[138,101220,101221,101222],{},"Start with ",[15,101223,101127],{},[138,101225,101226,101227],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101228,101102],{},[138,101230,101231,101232,101234],{},"Only ",[15,101233,57925],{}," remains",[138,101236,101237],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101239,101240],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45014,101242],{},[130,101244,1872,101246,101248],{"id":101245},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101247,100504],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101250,101251,101252,292],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101253,100504],{},[20,101255,101256],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[28,101258,101260],{"className":30,"code":101259,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101261,101262,101294,101311,101324,101341,101345,101374],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101263,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101265,207],{"class":43},[37,101267,48],{"class":47},[37,101269,10605],{"class":51},[37,101271,501],{"class":122},[37,101273,65],{"class":51},[37,101275,890],{"class":122},[37,101277,65],{"class":51},[37,101279,513],{"class":122},[37,101281,65],{"class":51},[37,101283,1134],{"class":122},[37,101285,65],{"class":51},[37,101287,527],{"class":122},[37,101289,65],{"class":51},[37,101291,1145],{"class":122},[37,101293,9424],{"class":51},[37,101295,101296,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101297,101298],{"class":43},"group_a ",[37,101300,48],{"class":47},[37,101302,10605],{"class":51},[37,101304,508],{"class":122},[37,101306,65],{"class":51},[37,101308,1134],{"class":122},[37,101310,9424],{"class":51},[37,101312,101313,101316,101318,101320,101322],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101314,101315],{"class":43},"group_b ",[37,101317,48],{"class":47},[37,101319,10605],{"class":51},[37,101321,446],{"class":122},[37,101323,9424],{"class":51},[37,101325,101326,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,101327,101328],{"class":43},"group_c ",[37,101330,48],{"class":47},[37,101332,10605],{"class":51},[37,101334,80681],{"class":122},[37,101336,65],{"class":51},[37,101338,1564],{"class":122},[37,101340,9424],{"class":51},[37,101342,101343],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,101344,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101346,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359,101362,101364,101367,101369,101372],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,101348,2362],{"class":43},[37,101350,48],{"class":47},[37,101352,4383],{"class":43},[37,101354,292],{"class":51},[37,101356,2940],{"class":102},[37,101358,95],{"class":51},[37,101360,101361],{"class":102},"group_a",[37,101363,65],{"class":51},[37,101365,101366],{"class":102}," group_b",[37,101368,65],{"class":51},[37,101370,101371],{"class":102}," group_c",[37,101373,85],{"class":51},[37,101375,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,101377,92],{"class":91},[37,101379,95],{"class":51},[37,101381,2397],{"class":102},[37,101383,85],{"class":51},[20,101385,112],{},[28,101387,101389],{"className":30,"code":101388,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101390,101391],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101392,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101394,9394],{"class":51},[37,101396,501],{"class":122},[37,101398,65],{"class":51},[37,101400,513],{"class":122},[37,101402,9424],{"class":51},[20,101404,101405],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45014,101407],{},[130,101409,101411,10700,101413],{"id":101410},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101412,100504],{},[15,101414,101415],{},"difference_update()",[20,101417,101418],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[307,101420,101421],{"id":2940},[15,101422,100504],{},[135,101424,101425,101428],{},[138,101426,101427],{},"Returns a new set",[138,101429,101430],{},"Does not change the original set",[28,101432,101434],{"className":30,"code":101433,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101435,101436,101460,101476,101480,101498,101502,101512],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101437,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101439,722],{"class":43},[37,101441,48],{"class":47},[37,101443,10605],{"class":51},[37,101445,501],{"class":122},[37,101447,65],{"class":51},[37,101449,890],{"class":122},[37,101451,65],{"class":51},[37,101453,513],{"class":122},[37,101455,65],{"class":51},[37,101457,1134],{"class":122},[37,101459,9424],{"class":51},[37,101461,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101463,735],{"class":43},[37,101465,48],{"class":47},[37,101467,10605],{"class":51},[37,101469,1129],{"class":122},[37,101471,65],{"class":51},[37,101473,1134],{"class":122},[37,101475,9424],{"class":51},[37,101477,101478],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101479,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101481,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494,101496],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,101483,2362],{"class":43},[37,101485,48],{"class":47},[37,101487,56979],{"class":43},[37,101489,292],{"class":51},[37,101491,2940],{"class":102},[37,101493,95],{"class":51},[37,101495,777],{"class":102},[37,101497,85],{"class":51},[37,101499,101500],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,101501,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101503,101504,101506,101508,101510],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,101505,92],{"class":91},[37,101507,95],{"class":51},[37,101509,2397],{"class":102},[37,101511,85],{"class":51},[37,101513,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,101515,92],{"class":91},[37,101517,95],{"class":51},[37,101519,285],{"class":102},[37,101521,85],{"class":51},[20,101523,112],{},[28,101525,101527],{"className":30,"code":101526,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101528,101529,101541],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101532,9394],{"class":51},[37,101534,501],{"class":122},[37,101536,65],{"class":51},[37,101538,890],{"class":122},[37,101540,9424],{"class":51},[37,101542,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555,101557,101559],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101544,9394],{"class":51},[37,101546,501],{"class":122},[37,101548,65],{"class":51},[37,101550,890],{"class":122},[37,101552,65],{"class":51},[37,101554,513],{"class":122},[37,101556,65],{"class":51},[37,101558,1134],{"class":122},[37,101560,9424],{"class":51},[307,101562,101564],{"id":101563},"difference_update",[15,101565,101415],{},[135,101567,101568,101571],{},[138,101569,101570],{},"Changes the original set",[138,101572,96408],{},[28,101574,101576],{"className":30,"code":101575,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101577,101578,101602,101618,101622,101636,101640],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101579,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101581,722],{"class":43},[37,101583,48],{"class":47},[37,101585,10605],{"class":51},[37,101587,501],{"class":122},[37,101589,65],{"class":51},[37,101591,890],{"class":122},[37,101593,65],{"class":51},[37,101595,513],{"class":122},[37,101597,65],{"class":51},[37,101599,1134],{"class":122},[37,101601,9424],{"class":51},[37,101603,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101605,735],{"class":43},[37,101607,48],{"class":47},[37,101609,10605],{"class":51},[37,101611,1129],{"class":122},[37,101613,65],{"class":51},[37,101615,1134],{"class":122},[37,101617,9424],{"class":51},[37,101619,101620],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101621,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101623,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,101625,285],{"class":43},[37,101627,292],{"class":51},[37,101629,101563],{"class":102},[37,101631,95],{"class":51},[37,101633,777],{"class":102},[37,101635,85],{"class":51},[37,101637,101638],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,101639,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101641,101642,101644,101646,101648],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,101643,92],{"class":91},[37,101645,95],{"class":51},[37,101647,285],{"class":102},[37,101649,85],{"class":51},[20,101651,112],{},[28,101653,101654],{"className":30,"code":100597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,101655,101656],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101659,9394],{"class":51},[37,101661,501],{"class":122},[37,101663,65],{"class":51},[37,101665,890],{"class":122},[37,101667,9424],{"class":51},[20,101669,22,101670,101672],{},[15,101671,100504],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101674,101675,101676,33707],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101677,101415],{},[45014,101679],{},[130,101681,101683,101685,101686,101688],{"id":101682},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101684,100504],{}," vs the ",[15,101687,2159],{}," operator",[20,101690,1531,101691,101693,101694,101696],{},[15,101692,2159],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101695,100504],{}," for two sets.",[28,101698,101700],{"className":30,"code":101699,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101701,101702,101726,101742,101746,101764],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101703,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101705,722],{"class":43},[37,101707,48],{"class":47},[37,101709,10605],{"class":51},[37,101711,501],{"class":122},[37,101713,65],{"class":51},[37,101715,890],{"class":122},[37,101717,65],{"class":51},[37,101719,513],{"class":122},[37,101721,65],{"class":51},[37,101723,1134],{"class":122},[37,101725,9424],{"class":51},[37,101727,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101729,735],{"class":43},[37,101731,48],{"class":47},[37,101733,10605],{"class":51},[37,101735,1129],{"class":122},[37,101737,65],{"class":51},[37,101739,1134],{"class":122},[37,101741,9424],{"class":51},[37,101743,101744],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101745,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101747,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,101749,92],{"class":91},[37,101751,95],{"class":51},[37,101753,285],{"class":102},[37,101755,292],{"class":51},[37,101757,2940],{"class":102},[37,101759,95],{"class":51},[37,101761,777],{"class":102},[37,101763,106],{"class":51},[37,101765,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,101767,92],{"class":91},[37,101769,95],{"class":51},[37,101771,722],{"class":102},[37,101773,2159],{"class":47},[37,101775,2689],{"class":102},[37,101777,85],{"class":51},[20,101779,112],{},[28,101781,101783],{"className":30,"code":101782,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101784,101785,101797],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101786,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101788,9394],{"class":51},[37,101790,501],{"class":122},[37,101792,65],{"class":51},[37,101794,890],{"class":122},[37,101796,9424],{"class":51},[37,101798,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101800,9394],{"class":51},[37,101802,501],{"class":122},[37,101804,65],{"class":51},[37,101806,890],{"class":122},[37,101808,9424],{"class":51},[20,101810,101811],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101813,94678,101814,2623],{},[15,101815,100504],{},[135,101817,101818,101821,101824],{},[138,101819,101820],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[138,101822,101823],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[138,101825,101826],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101828,101829],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[28,101831,101833],{"className":30,"code":101832,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101834,101835,101863,101875,101887,101891],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101838,722],{"class":43},[37,101840,48],{"class":47},[37,101842,10605],{"class":51},[37,101844,501],{"class":122},[37,101846,65],{"class":51},[37,101848,890],{"class":122},[37,101850,65],{"class":51},[37,101852,513],{"class":122},[37,101854,65],{"class":51},[37,101856,1134],{"class":122},[37,101858,65],{"class":51},[37,101860,527],{"class":122},[37,101862,9424],{"class":51},[37,101864,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101866,735],{"class":43},[37,101868,48],{"class":47},[37,101870,10605],{"class":51},[37,101872,508],{"class":122},[37,101874,9424],{"class":51},[37,101876,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,101878,83273],{"class":43},[37,101880,48],{"class":47},[37,101882,10605],{"class":51},[37,101884,522],{"class":122},[37,101886,9424],{"class":51},[37,101888,101889],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,101890,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,101892,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,101894,92],{"class":91},[37,101896,95],{"class":51},[37,101898,285],{"class":102},[37,101900,292],{"class":51},[37,101902,2940],{"class":102},[37,101904,95],{"class":51},[37,101906,777],{"class":102},[37,101908,65],{"class":51},[37,101910,9797],{"class":102},[37,101912,106],{"class":51},[20,101914,112],{},[28,101916,101918],{"className":30,"code":101917,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101919,101920],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101921,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101923,9394],{"class":51},[37,101925,501],{"class":122},[37,101927,65],{"class":51},[37,101929,513],{"class":122},[37,101931,65],{"class":51},[37,101933,527],{"class":122},[37,101935,9424],{"class":51},[20,101937,101938,101939,101941],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101940,2159],{}," operator expression.",[45014,101943],{},[130,101945,155],{"id":4638},[20,101947,21318,101948,292],{},[15,101949,100504],{},[307,101951,101953],{"id":101952},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101955,4747,101956,101958,101959,3013],{},[110,101957,711],{}," change ",[15,101960,285],{},[28,101962,101964],{"className":30,"code":101963,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101965,101966,101986,101998,102002,102016],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,101967,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,101969,722],{"class":43},[37,101971,48],{"class":47},[37,101973,10605],{"class":51},[37,101975,501],{"class":122},[37,101977,65],{"class":51},[37,101979,890],{"class":122},[37,101981,65],{"class":51},[37,101983,513],{"class":122},[37,101985,9424],{"class":51},[37,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,101989,735],{"class":43},[37,101991,48],{"class":47},[37,101993,10605],{"class":51},[37,101995,1129],{"class":122},[37,101997,9424],{"class":51},[37,101999,102000],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102001,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102003,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102005,285],{"class":43},[37,102007,292],{"class":51},[37,102009,2940],{"class":102},[37,102011,95],{"class":51},[37,102013,777],{"class":102},[37,102015,85],{"class":51},[37,102017,102018,102020,102022,102024],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,102019,92],{"class":91},[37,102021,95],{"class":51},[37,102023,285],{"class":102},[37,102025,85],{"class":51},[20,102027,112],{},[28,102029,102030],{"className":30,"code":96697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,102031,102032],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102033,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102035,9394],{"class":51},[37,102037,501],{"class":122},[37,102039,65],{"class":51},[37,102041,890],{"class":122},[37,102043,65],{"class":51},[37,102045,513],{"class":122},[37,102047,9424],{"class":51},[20,102049,102050],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[28,102052,102054],{"className":30,"code":102053,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102055,102056,102076,102088,102092,102110],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102057,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102059,722],{"class":43},[37,102061,48],{"class":47},[37,102063,10605],{"class":51},[37,102065,501],{"class":122},[37,102067,65],{"class":51},[37,102069,890],{"class":122},[37,102071,65],{"class":51},[37,102073,513],{"class":122},[37,102075,9424],{"class":51},[37,102077,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102079,735],{"class":43},[37,102081,48],{"class":47},[37,102083,10605],{"class":51},[37,102085,1129],{"class":122},[37,102087,9424],{"class":51},[37,102089,102090],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102091,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102095,722],{"class":43},[37,102097,48],{"class":47},[37,102099,56979],{"class":43},[37,102101,292],{"class":51},[37,102103,2940],{"class":102},[37,102105,95],{"class":51},[37,102107,777],{"class":102},[37,102109,85],{"class":51},[37,102111,102112,102114,102116,102118],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,102113,92],{"class":91},[37,102115,95],{"class":51},[37,102117,285],{"class":102},[37,102119,85],{"class":51},[20,102121,112],{},[28,102123,102124],{"className":30,"code":100597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,102125,102126],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102127,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102129,9394],{"class":51},[37,102131,501],{"class":122},[37,102133,65],{"class":51},[37,102135,890],{"class":122},[37,102137,9424],{"class":51},[307,102139,102141],{"id":102140},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102143,102144,102147],{},[15,102145,102146],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[135,102149,102150,102155],{},[138,102151,102152,102153],{},"keep items from ",[15,102154,285],{},[138,102156,102157,102158],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102159,777],{},[20,102161,41007,102162,102164,102165,102167],{},[110,102163,711],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102166,777],{},"”.",[20,102169,197],{},[28,102171,102173],{"className":30,"code":102172,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102174,102175,102195,102215,102219,102237],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102176,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102178,722],{"class":43},[37,102180,48],{"class":47},[37,102182,10605],{"class":51},[37,102184,501],{"class":122},[37,102186,65],{"class":51},[37,102188,890],{"class":122},[37,102190,65],{"class":51},[37,102192,513],{"class":122},[37,102194,9424],{"class":51},[37,102196,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102198,735],{"class":43},[37,102200,48],{"class":47},[37,102202,10605],{"class":51},[37,102204,1129],{"class":122},[37,102206,65],{"class":51},[37,102208,1134],{"class":122},[37,102210,65],{"class":51},[37,102212,527],{"class":122},[37,102214,9424],{"class":51},[37,102216,102217],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102218,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102220,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102222,92],{"class":91},[37,102224,95],{"class":51},[37,102226,285],{"class":102},[37,102228,292],{"class":51},[37,102230,2940],{"class":102},[37,102232,95],{"class":51},[37,102234,777],{"class":102},[37,102236,106],{"class":51},[37,102238,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,102240,92],{"class":91},[37,102242,95],{"class":51},[37,102244,777],{"class":102},[37,102246,292],{"class":51},[37,102248,2940],{"class":102},[37,102250,95],{"class":51},[37,102252,285],{"class":102},[37,102254,106],{"class":51},[20,102256,112],{},[28,102258,102260],{"className":30,"code":102259,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102261,102262,102274],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102263,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102265,9394],{"class":51},[37,102267,501],{"class":122},[37,102269,65],{"class":51},[37,102271,890],{"class":122},[37,102273,9424],{"class":51},[37,102275,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102277,9394],{"class":51},[37,102279,522],{"class":122},[37,102281,65],{"class":51},[37,102283,527],{"class":122},[37,102285,9424],{"class":51},[20,102287,102288],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[307,102290,102292],{"id":102291},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102294,102295,102297],{},[15,102296,100504],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102299,55410],{},[28,102301,102303],{"className":30,"code":102302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102304,102305,102325,102341,102345],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102306,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102308,722],{"class":43},[37,102310,48],{"class":47},[37,102312,519],{"class":51},[37,102314,501],{"class":122},[37,102316,65],{"class":51},[37,102318,890],{"class":122},[37,102320,65],{"class":51},[37,102322,513],{"class":122},[37,102324,3760],{"class":51},[37,102326,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102328,735],{"class":43},[37,102330,48],{"class":47},[37,102332,519],{"class":51},[37,102334,1129],{"class":122},[37,102336,65],{"class":51},[37,102338,1134],{"class":122},[37,102340,3760],{"class":51},[37,102342,102343],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102344,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102346,102347],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102348,102349],{"class":3788},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102351,102352],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[28,102354,102356],{"className":30,"code":102355,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102357,102358,102378,102394,102398,102424],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102359,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102361,722],{"class":43},[37,102363,48],{"class":47},[37,102365,519],{"class":51},[37,102367,501],{"class":122},[37,102369,65],{"class":51},[37,102371,890],{"class":122},[37,102373,65],{"class":51},[37,102375,513],{"class":122},[37,102377,3760],{"class":51},[37,102379,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102381,735],{"class":43},[37,102383,48],{"class":47},[37,102385,519],{"class":51},[37,102387,1129],{"class":122},[37,102389,65],{"class":51},[37,102391,1134],{"class":122},[37,102393,3760],{"class":51},[37,102395,102396],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102397,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102399,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102401,2362],{"class":43},[37,102403,48],{"class":47},[37,102405,15742],{"class":756},[37,102407,95],{"class":51},[37,102409,285],{"class":102},[37,102411,8749],{"class":51},[37,102413,2940],{"class":102},[37,102415,95],{"class":51},[37,102417,6408],{"class":756},[37,102419,95],{"class":51},[37,102421,777],{"class":102},[37,102423,106],{"class":51},[37,102425,102426,102428,102430,102432],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,102427,92],{"class":91},[37,102429,95],{"class":51},[37,102431,2397],{"class":102},[37,102433,85],{"class":51},[20,102435,112],{},[28,102437,102438],{"className":30,"code":100597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,102439,102440],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102441,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102443,9394],{"class":51},[37,102445,501],{"class":122},[37,102447,65],{"class":51},[37,102449,890],{"class":122},[37,102451,9424],{"class":51},[307,102453,102455],{"id":102454},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102457,102458],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[28,102460,102462],{"className":30,"code":102461,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102463,102464,102496,102512,102516],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102465,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102467,722],{"class":43},[37,102469,48],{"class":47},[37,102471,10605],{"class":51},[37,102473,56],{"class":55},[37,102475,37149],{"class":59},[37,102477,56],{"class":55},[37,102479,65],{"class":51},[37,102481,68],{"class":55},[37,102483,58219],{"class":59},[37,102485,56],{"class":55},[37,102487,65],{"class":51},[37,102489,68],{"class":55},[37,102491,58236],{"class":59},[37,102493,56],{"class":55},[37,102495,9424],{"class":51},[37,102497,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102499,735],{"class":43},[37,102501,48],{"class":47},[37,102503,10605],{"class":51},[37,102505,56],{"class":55},[37,102507,58219],{"class":59},[37,102509,56],{"class":55},[37,102511,9424],{"class":51},[37,102513,102514],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102515,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102517,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102519,92],{"class":91},[37,102521,95],{"class":51},[37,102523,285],{"class":102},[37,102525,292],{"class":51},[37,102527,2940],{"class":102},[37,102529,95],{"class":51},[37,102531,777],{"class":102},[37,102533,106],{"class":51},[20,102535,102536],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[307,102538,102540],{"id":102539},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102542,102543],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[28,102545,102547],{"className":30,"code":102546,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102548,102549,102577,102589,102593,102603],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102550,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102552,722],{"class":43},[37,102554,48],{"class":47},[37,102556,10605],{"class":51},[37,102558,501],{"class":122},[37,102560,65],{"class":51},[37,102562,5619],{"class":122},[37,102564,65],{"class":51},[37,102566,890],{"class":122},[37,102568,65],{"class":51},[37,102570,890],{"class":122},[37,102572,65],{"class":51},[37,102574,513],{"class":122},[37,102576,9424],{"class":51},[37,102578,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102580,735],{"class":43},[37,102582,48],{"class":47},[37,102584,10605],{"class":51},[37,102586,1129],{"class":122},[37,102588,9424],{"class":51},[37,102590,102591],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102592,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102594,102595,102597,102599,102601],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102596,92],{"class":91},[37,102598,95],{"class":51},[37,102600,285],{"class":102},[37,102602,85],{"class":51},[37,102604,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,102606,92],{"class":91},[37,102608,95],{"class":51},[37,102610,285],{"class":102},[37,102612,292],{"class":51},[37,102614,2940],{"class":102},[37,102616,95],{"class":51},[37,102618,777],{"class":102},[37,102620,106],{"class":51},[20,102622,112],{},[28,102624,102626],{"className":30,"code":102625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102627,102628,102644],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102629,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102631,9394],{"class":51},[37,102633,501],{"class":122},[37,102635,65],{"class":51},[37,102637,890],{"class":122},[37,102639,65],{"class":51},[37,102641,513],{"class":122},[37,102643,9424],{"class":51},[37,102645,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102647,9394],{"class":51},[37,102649,501],{"class":122},[37,102651,65],{"class":51},[37,102653,890],{"class":122},[37,102655,9424],{"class":51},[20,102657,102658,102659,102661],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102660,100504],{}," runs.",[307,102663,102665],{"id":102664},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102667,102668],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[28,102670,102672],{"className":30,"code":102671,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102673,102674,102698,102718,102722,102732,102742,102760,102782],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102675,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102677,722],{"class":43},[37,102679,48],{"class":47},[37,102681,10605],{"class":51},[37,102683,501],{"class":122},[37,102685,65],{"class":51},[37,102687,890],{"class":122},[37,102689,65],{"class":51},[37,102691,513],{"class":122},[37,102693,65],{"class":51},[37,102695,1134],{"class":122},[37,102697,9424],{"class":51},[37,102699,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,102701,735],{"class":43},[37,102703,48],{"class":47},[37,102705,10605],{"class":51},[37,102707,1129],{"class":122},[37,102709,65],{"class":51},[37,102711,1134],{"class":122},[37,102713,65],{"class":51},[37,102715,527],{"class":122},[37,102717,9424],{"class":51},[37,102719,102720],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,102721,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,102723,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,102725,92],{"class":91},[37,102727,95],{"class":51},[37,102729,285],{"class":102},[37,102731,85],{"class":51},[37,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,102735,92],{"class":91},[37,102737,95],{"class":51},[37,102739,777],{"class":102},[37,102741,85],{"class":51},[37,102743,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,102745,92],{"class":91},[37,102747,95],{"class":51},[37,102749,285],{"class":102},[37,102751,292],{"class":51},[37,102753,2940],{"class":102},[37,102755,95],{"class":51},[37,102757,777],{"class":102},[37,102759,106],{"class":51},[37,102761,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,102763,92],{"class":91},[37,102765,95],{"class":51},[37,102767,757],{"class":756},[37,102769,95],{"class":51},[37,102771,285],{"class":102},[37,102773,292],{"class":51},[37,102775,2940],{"class":102},[37,102777,95],{"class":51},[37,102779,777],{"class":102},[37,102781,3041],{"class":51},[37,102783,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,102785,92],{"class":91},[37,102787,95],{"class":51},[37,102789,17],{"class":91},[37,102791,95],{"class":51},[37,102793,285],{"class":102},[37,102795,292],{"class":51},[37,102797,2940],{"class":102},[37,102799,95],{"class":51},[37,102801,777],{"class":102},[37,102803,3041],{"class":51},[20,102805,11285],{},[135,102807,102808,102811,102814,102817],{},[138,102809,102810],{},"what is in each set",[138,102812,102813],{},"what result Python creates",[138,102815,102816],{},"that the result is a set",[138,102818,102819],{},"how many items remain",[45014,102821],{},[130,102823,1969],{"id":1968},[307,102825,1983,102827,102829],{"id":102826},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102828,100504],{}," change the original set?",[20,102831,102832],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[307,102834,5300,102836,851,102838,2623],{"id":102835},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102837,100504],{},[15,102839,101415],{},[20,102841,102842,102844,102845,102847],{},[15,102843,100504],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102846,101415],{}," modifies the original set.",[307,102849,28435,102851,102853],{"id":102850},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102852,100504],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102855,102856],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[307,102858,102860],{"id":102859},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102862,102863],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45014,102865],{},[130,102867,2025],{"id":2024},[135,102869,102870,102874,102882],{},[138,102871,102872],{},[285,102873,96418],{"href":97589},[138,102875,102876],{},[285,102877,96904,102879,10856],{"href":102878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102880,102881],{},"intersection()",[138,102883,102884],{},[285,102885,96904,102887,10856],{"href":102886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102888,102889],{},"union()",[2052,102891,102892],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":102894},[102895,102896,102898,102899,102900,102901,102903,102908,102910,102918,102927],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":100626,"depth":88,"text":102897},"What difference() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":101245,"depth":88,"text":102902},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101410,"depth":88,"text":102904,"children":102905},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102906,102907],{"id":2940,"depth":251,"text":100504},{"id":101563,"depth":251,"text":101415},{"id":101682,"depth":88,"text":102909},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":102911},[102912,102913,102914,102915,102916,102917],{"id":101952,"depth":251,"text":101953},{"id":102140,"depth":251,"text":102141},{"id":102291,"depth":251,"text":102292},{"id":102454,"depth":251,"text":102455},{"id":102539,"depth":251,"text":102540},{"id":102664,"depth":251,"text":102665},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":102919},[102920,102922,102924,102926],{"id":102826,"depth":251,"text":102921},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102835,"depth":251,"text":102923},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102850,"depth":251,"text":102925},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102859,"depth":251,"text":102860},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100496,"description":102928},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102935,"title":102936,"body":102937,"description":104632,"extension":2099,"meta":104633,"navigation":254,"path":104634,"seo":104635,"stem":104636,"__hash__":104637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102938,"toc":104594},[102939,102945,102951,102964,102966,103067,103069,103114,103119,103124,103128,103142,103145,103153,103155,103174,103192,103196,103249,103251,103272,103279,103284,103311,103318,103417,103419,103456,103464,103468,103474,103477,103550,103552,103560,103565,103634,103636,103661,103663,103666,103769,103771,103832,103835,103839,103845,103918,103920,103953,103956,103959,103999,104005,104028,104033,104037,104048,104051,104053,104057,104063,104065,104122,104132,104134,104187,104194,104199,104267,104275,104281,104285,104287,104326,104331,104380,104384,104387,104389,104428,104431,104433,104438,104495,104497,104511,104513,104517,104523,104528,104533,104540,104551,104557,104562,104564,104591],[10,102940,96290,102942,11437],{"id":102941},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102943,102944],{},"discard()",[20,102946,102947,102950],{},[15,102948,102949],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102952,102953,102954,2321,102959,14163,102961,102963],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[285,102955,102956],{"href":98299},[15,102957,102958],{},"set.remove()",[15,102960,102944],{},[110,102962,711],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[130,102965,2140],{"id":2139},[28,102967,102969],{"className":30,"code":102968,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102970,102971,103003,103022,103032,103036,103057],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,102972,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,102974,44],{"class":43},[37,102976,48],{"class":47},[37,102978,10605],{"class":51},[37,102980,56],{"class":55},[37,102982,60],{"class":59},[37,102984,56],{"class":55},[37,102986,65],{"class":51},[37,102988,68],{"class":55},[37,102990,80],{"class":59},[37,102992,56],{"class":55},[37,102994,65],{"class":51},[37,102996,68],{"class":55},[37,102998,71],{"class":59},[37,103000,56],{"class":55},[37,103002,9424],{"class":51},[37,103004,103005,103007,103009,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103006,103],{"class":43},[37,103008,292],{"class":51},[37,103010,103011],{"class":102},"discard",[37,103013,95],{"class":51},[37,103015,56],{"class":55},[37,103017,80],{"class":59},[37,103019,56],{"class":55},[37,103021,85],{"class":51},[37,103023,103024,103026,103028,103030],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103025,92],{"class":91},[37,103027,95],{"class":51},[37,103029,103],{"class":102},[37,103031,85],{"class":51},[37,103033,103034],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,103035,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103037,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,103039,103],{"class":43},[37,103041,292],{"class":51},[37,103043,103011],{"class":102},[37,103045,95],{"class":51},[37,103047,56],{"class":55},[37,103049,627],{"class":59},[37,103051,56],{"class":55},[37,103053,18],{"class":51},[37,103055,103056],{"class":3788},"  # no error if missing\n",[37,103058,103059,103061,103063,103065],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,103060,92],{"class":91},[37,103062,95],{"class":51},[37,103064,103],{"class":102},[37,103066,85],{"class":51},[20,103068,30137],{},[28,103070,103072],{"className":30,"code":103071,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103073,103074,103094],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103075,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103077,9394],{"class":51},[37,103079,821],{"class":55},[37,103081,60],{"class":59},[37,103083,821],{"class":55},[37,103085,65],{"class":51},[37,103087,815],{"class":55},[37,103089,71],{"class":59},[37,103091,821],{"class":55},[37,103093,9424],{"class":51},[37,103095,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103097,9394],{"class":51},[37,103099,821],{"class":55},[37,103101,60],{"class":59},[37,103103,821],{"class":55},[37,103105,65],{"class":51},[37,103107,815],{"class":55},[37,103109,71],{"class":59},[37,103111,821],{"class":55},[37,103113,9424],{"class":51},[20,103115,22,103116,103118],{},[15,103117,102944],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[130,103120,296,103122,3805],{"id":103121},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103123,102949],{},[20,103125,103126,3013],{},[15,103127,102944],{},[135,103129,103130,103133,103136,103138],{},[138,103131,103132],{},"Removes one item from a set",[138,103134,103135],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[138,103137,96405],{},[138,103139,11539,103140],{},[15,103141,3904],{},[20,103143,103144],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103146,96414,103147,3006,103150,292],{},[285,103148,103149],{"href":98881},"what a set is in Python",[285,103151,103152],{"href":97973},"how to create a set",[130,103154,159],{"id":158},[28,103156,103158],{"className":30,"code":103157,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103159,103160],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103161,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103163,15775],{"class":43},[37,103165,292],{"class":51},[37,103167,103011],{"class":102},[37,103169,95],{"class":51},[37,103171,1215],{"class":102},[37,103173,85],{"class":51},[135,103175,103176,103181,103186,103189],{},[138,103177,103178,103180],{},[15,103179,15775],{}," is the set you want to change",[138,103182,103183,103185],{},[15,103184,1215],{}," is the item you want to remove",[138,103187,103188],{},"The set must already exist",[138,103190,103191],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[307,103193,103195],{"id":103194},"example","Example",[28,103197,103199],{"className":30,"code":103198,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103200,103201,103225,103239],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103202,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103204,207],{"class":43},[37,103206,48],{"class":47},[37,103208,10605],{"class":51},[37,103210,501],{"class":122},[37,103212,65],{"class":51},[37,103214,890],{"class":122},[37,103216,65],{"class":51},[37,103218,513],{"class":122},[37,103220,65],{"class":51},[37,103222,1134],{"class":122},[37,103224,9424],{"class":51},[37,103226,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103228,246],{"class":43},[37,103230,292],{"class":51},[37,103232,103011],{"class":102},[37,103234,95],{"class":51},[37,103236,1129],{"class":122},[37,103238,85],{"class":51},[37,103240,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103242,92],{"class":91},[37,103244,95],{"class":51},[37,103246,246],{"class":102},[37,103248,85],{"class":51},[20,103250,112],{},[28,103252,103254],{"className":30,"code":103253,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103255,103256],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103257,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103259,9394],{"class":51},[37,103261,501],{"class":122},[37,103263,65],{"class":51},[37,103265,890],{"class":122},[37,103267,65],{"class":51},[37,103269,1134],{"class":122},[37,103271,9424],{"class":51},[130,103273,103275,103276,103278],{"id":103274},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103277,102944],{}," different",[20,103280,103281,103283],{},[15,103282,102944],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[135,103285,103286,103299,103308],{},[138,103287,103288,103289,2321,103293,103295,103296,103298],{},"Unlike ",[285,103290,103291],{"href":98299},[15,103292,55620],{},[15,103294,102944],{}," does not raise ",[15,103297,19795],{}," when the item is missing",[138,103300,103288,103301,2321,103305,103307],{},[285,103302,103303],{"href":98304},[15,103304,12875],{},[15,103306,102944],{}," removes a specific item",[138,103309,103310],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[307,103312,103314,10700,103316],{"id":103313},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103315,102944],{},[15,103317,55620],{},[28,103319,103321],{"className":30,"code":103320,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103322,103323,103347,103351,103372,103382,103386,103407],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103326,670],{"class":43},[37,103328,48],{"class":47},[37,103330,10605],{"class":51},[37,103332,56],{"class":55},[37,103334,329],{"class":59},[37,103336,56],{"class":55},[37,103338,65],{"class":51},[37,103340,68],{"class":55},[37,103342,338],{"class":59},[37,103344,56],{"class":55},[37,103346,9424],{"class":51},[37,103348,103349],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103350,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103352,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103354,687],{"class":43},[37,103356,292],{"class":51},[37,103358,103011],{"class":102},[37,103360,95],{"class":51},[37,103362,56],{"class":55},[37,103364,347],{"class":59},[37,103366,56],{"class":55},[37,103368,18],{"class":51},[37,103370,103371],{"class":3788},"   # no error\n",[37,103373,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,103375,92],{"class":91},[37,103377,95],{"class":51},[37,103379,687],{"class":102},[37,103381,85],{"class":51},[37,103383,103384],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,103385,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103387,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,103389,687],{"class":43},[37,103391,292],{"class":51},[37,103393,34902],{"class":102},[37,103395,95],{"class":51},[37,103397,56],{"class":55},[37,103399,338],{"class":59},[37,103401,56],{"class":55},[37,103403,18],{"class":51},[37,103405,103406],{"class":3788},"    # removes existing item\n",[37,103408,103409,103411,103413,103415],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,103410,92],{"class":91},[37,103412,95],{"class":51},[37,103414,687],{"class":102},[37,103416,85],{"class":51},[20,103418,112],{},[28,103420,103422],{"className":30,"code":103421,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103423,103424,103444],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103425,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103427,9394],{"class":51},[37,103429,821],{"class":55},[37,103431,329],{"class":59},[37,103433,821],{"class":55},[37,103435,65],{"class":51},[37,103437,815],{"class":55},[37,103439,338],{"class":59},[37,103441,821],{"class":55},[37,103443,9424],{"class":51},[37,103445,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103447,9394],{"class":51},[37,103449,821],{"class":55},[37,103451,329],{"class":59},[37,103453,821],{"class":55},[37,103455,9424],{"class":51},[20,103457,40444,103458,103460,103461,103463],{},[15,103459,55620],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[285,103462,11191],{"href":11190}," for more help with that case.",[130,103465,103467],{"id":103466},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103469,103470,2530,103472,292],{},[15,103471,102944],{},[15,103473,3904],{},[20,103475,103476],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[28,103478,103480],{"className":30,"code":103479,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103481,103482,103514,103536,103540],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103483,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103485,44],{"class":43},[37,103487,48],{"class":47},[37,103489,10605],{"class":51},[37,103491,56],{"class":55},[37,103493,60],{"class":59},[37,103495,56],{"class":55},[37,103497,65],{"class":51},[37,103499,68],{"class":55},[37,103501,80],{"class":59},[37,103503,56],{"class":55},[37,103505,65],{"class":51},[37,103507,68],{"class":55},[37,103509,71],{"class":59},[37,103511,56],{"class":55},[37,103513,9424],{"class":51},[37,103515,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103517,2362],{"class":43},[37,103519,48],{"class":47},[37,103521,13233],{"class":43},[37,103523,292],{"class":51},[37,103525,103011],{"class":102},[37,103527,95],{"class":51},[37,103529,56],{"class":55},[37,103531,80],{"class":59},[37,103533,56],{"class":55},[37,103535,85],{"class":51},[37,103537,103538],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103539,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103541,103542,103544,103546,103548],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,103543,92],{"class":91},[37,103545,95],{"class":51},[37,103547,2397],{"class":102},[37,103549,85],{"class":51},[20,103551,112],{},[28,103553,103554],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,103555,103556],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103557,103558],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103559,11920],{"class":3977},[20,103561,103562,103563,3013],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103564,103],{},[28,103566,103568],{"className":30,"code":103567,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103569,103570,103602,103620,103624],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103571,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103573,44],{"class":43},[37,103575,48],{"class":47},[37,103577,10605],{"class":51},[37,103579,56],{"class":55},[37,103581,60],{"class":59},[37,103583,56],{"class":55},[37,103585,65],{"class":51},[37,103587,68],{"class":55},[37,103589,80],{"class":59},[37,103591,56],{"class":55},[37,103593,65],{"class":51},[37,103595,68],{"class":55},[37,103597,71],{"class":59},[37,103599,56],{"class":55},[37,103601,9424],{"class":51},[37,103603,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103605,103],{"class":43},[37,103607,292],{"class":51},[37,103609,103011],{"class":102},[37,103611,95],{"class":51},[37,103613,56],{"class":55},[37,103615,80],{"class":59},[37,103617,56],{"class":55},[37,103619,85],{"class":51},[37,103621,103622],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103623,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,103627,92],{"class":91},[37,103629,95],{"class":51},[37,103631,103],{"class":102},[37,103633,85],{"class":51},[20,103635,112],{},[28,103637,103639],{"className":30,"code":103638,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103640,103641],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103642,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103644,9394],{"class":51},[37,103646,821],{"class":55},[37,103648,60],{"class":59},[37,103650,821],{"class":55},[37,103652,65],{"class":51},[37,103654,815],{"class":55},[37,103656,71],{"class":59},[37,103658,821],{"class":55},[37,103660,9424],{"class":51},[130,103662,11590],{"id":11589},[20,103664,103665],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[28,103667,103669],{"className":30,"code":103668,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103670,103671,103703,103707,103725,103729,103747,103751],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103672,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103674,320],{"class":43},[37,103676,48],{"class":47},[37,103678,10605],{"class":51},[37,103680,56],{"class":55},[37,103682,329],{"class":59},[37,103684,56],{"class":55},[37,103686,65],{"class":51},[37,103688,68],{"class":55},[37,103690,338],{"class":59},[37,103692,56],{"class":55},[37,103694,65],{"class":51},[37,103696,68],{"class":55},[37,103698,347],{"class":59},[37,103700,56],{"class":55},[37,103702,9424],{"class":51},[37,103704,103705],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103706,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103708,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103710,92],{"class":91},[37,103712,95],{"class":51},[37,103714,56],{"class":55},[37,103716,11678],{"class":59},[37,103718,56],{"class":55},[37,103720,65],{"class":51},[37,103722,52943],{"class":102},[37,103724,85],{"class":51},[37,103726,103727],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,103728,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103730,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,103732,364],{"class":43},[37,103734,292],{"class":51},[37,103736,103011],{"class":102},[37,103738,95],{"class":51},[37,103740,56],{"class":55},[37,103742,338],{"class":59},[37,103744,56],{"class":55},[37,103746,85],{"class":51},[37,103748,103749],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,103750,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103752,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,103754,92],{"class":91},[37,103756,95],{"class":51},[37,103758,56],{"class":55},[37,103760,11717],{"class":59},[37,103762,56],{"class":55},[37,103764,65],{"class":51},[37,103766,52943],{"class":102},[37,103768,85],{"class":51},[20,103770,112],{},[28,103772,103774],{"className":30,"code":103773,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103775,103776,103808],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103777,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103779,11737],{"class":43},[37,103781,3013],{"class":51},[37,103783,10605],{"class":51},[37,103785,821],{"class":55},[37,103787,338],{"class":59},[37,103789,821],{"class":55},[37,103791,65],{"class":51},[37,103793,815],{"class":55},[37,103795,329],{"class":59},[37,103797,821],{"class":55},[37,103799,65],{"class":51},[37,103801,815],{"class":55},[37,103803,347],{"class":59},[37,103805,821],{"class":55},[37,103807,9424],{"class":51},[37,103809,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103811,11790],{"class":43},[37,103813,3013],{"class":51},[37,103815,10605],{"class":51},[37,103817,821],{"class":55},[37,103819,329],{"class":59},[37,103821,821],{"class":55},[37,103823,65],{"class":51},[37,103825,815],{"class":55},[37,103827,347],{"class":59},[37,103829,821],{"class":55},[37,103831,9424],{"class":51},[20,103833,103834],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[130,103836,103838],{"id":103837},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103840,103841,103842,103844],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103843,102944],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[28,103846,103848],{"className":30,"code":103847,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103849,103850,103882,103886,103904,103908],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103851,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103853,320],{"class":43},[37,103855,48],{"class":47},[37,103857,10605],{"class":51},[37,103859,56],{"class":55},[37,103861,329],{"class":59},[37,103863,56],{"class":55},[37,103865,65],{"class":51},[37,103867,68],{"class":55},[37,103869,338],{"class":59},[37,103871,56],{"class":55},[37,103873,65],{"class":51},[37,103875,68],{"class":55},[37,103877,347],{"class":59},[37,103879,56],{"class":55},[37,103881,9424],{"class":51},[37,103883,103884],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103885,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103887,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,103889,364],{"class":43},[37,103891,292],{"class":51},[37,103893,103011],{"class":102},[37,103895,95],{"class":51},[37,103897,56],{"class":55},[37,103899,22639],{"class":59},[37,103901,56],{"class":55},[37,103903,85],{"class":51},[37,103905,103906],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,103907,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,103909,103910,103912,103914,103916],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,103911,92],{"class":91},[37,103913,95],{"class":51},[37,103915,364],{"class":102},[37,103917,85],{"class":51},[20,103919,112],{},[28,103921,103923],{"className":30,"code":103922,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103924,103925],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103926,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103928,9394],{"class":51},[37,103930,821],{"class":55},[37,103932,338],{"class":59},[37,103934,821],{"class":55},[37,103936,65],{"class":51},[37,103938,815],{"class":55},[37,103940,329],{"class":59},[37,103942,821],{"class":55},[37,103944,65],{"class":51},[37,103946,815],{"class":55},[37,103948,347],{"class":59},[37,103950,821],{"class":55},[37,103952,9424],{"class":51},[20,103954,103955],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103957,103958],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[28,103960,103962],{"className":30,"code":103961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103963,103964,103980],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,103965,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,103967,1484],{"class":1483},[37,103969,68],{"class":55},[37,103971,22639],{"class":59},[37,103973,56],{"class":55},[37,103975,21280],{"class":47},[37,103977,52943],{"class":43},[37,103979,1501],{"class":51},[37,103981,103982,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,103983,103984],{"class":43},"    fruits",[37,103986,292],{"class":51},[37,103988,34902],{"class":102},[37,103990,95],{"class":51},[37,103992,56],{"class":55},[37,103994,22639],{"class":59},[37,103996,56],{"class":55},[37,103998,85],{"class":51},[20,104000,104001,104002,104004],{},"With ",[15,104003,102944],{},", you can simply write:",[28,104006,104008],{"className":30,"code":104007,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104009,104010],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104013,364],{"class":43},[37,104015,292],{"class":51},[37,104017,103011],{"class":102},[37,104019,95],{"class":51},[37,104021,56],{"class":55},[37,104023,22639],{"class":59},[37,104025,56],{"class":55},[37,104027,85],{"class":51},[130,104029,5080,104031],{"id":104030},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104032,102944],{},[20,104034,22,104035,10716],{},[15,104036,102944],{},[135,104038,104039,104042,104045],{},[138,104040,104041],{},"Missing values are normal",[138,104043,104044],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[138,104046,104047],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104049,104050],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[130,104052,1854],{"id":1853},[20,104054,8565,104055,292],{},[15,104056,102944],{},[307,104058,1880,104060,104062],{"id":104059},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104061,102944],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104064,4645],{},[28,104066,104068],{"className":30,"code":104067,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104069,104070,104090,104108,104112],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104071,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104073,207],{"class":43},[37,104075,48],{"class":47},[37,104077,10605],{"class":51},[37,104079,501],{"class":122},[37,104081,65],{"class":51},[37,104083,890],{"class":122},[37,104085,65],{"class":51},[37,104087,513],{"class":122},[37,104089,9424],{"class":51},[37,104091,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104093,207],{"class":43},[37,104095,48],{"class":47},[37,104097,4383],{"class":43},[37,104099,292],{"class":51},[37,104101,103011],{"class":102},[37,104103,95],{"class":51},[37,104105,508],{"class":122},[37,104107,85],{"class":51},[37,104109,104110],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104111,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,104113,104114,104116,104118,104120],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,104115,92],{"class":91},[37,104117,95],{"class":51},[37,104119,246],{"class":102},[37,104121,85],{"class":51},[20,104123,104124,42255,104126,8719,104128,2530,104130,292],{},[15,104125,246],{},[15,104127,3904],{},[15,104129,102944],{},[15,104131,3904],{},[20,104133,18948],{},[28,104135,104137],{"className":30,"code":104136,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104138,104139,104159,104173,104177],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104140,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104142,207],{"class":43},[37,104144,48],{"class":47},[37,104146,10605],{"class":51},[37,104148,501],{"class":122},[37,104150,65],{"class":51},[37,104152,890],{"class":122},[37,104154,65],{"class":51},[37,104156,513],{"class":122},[37,104158,9424],{"class":51},[37,104160,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104162,246],{"class":43},[37,104164,292],{"class":51},[37,104166,103011],{"class":102},[37,104168,95],{"class":51},[37,104170,508],{"class":122},[37,104172,85],{"class":51},[37,104174,104175],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104176,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,104178,104179,104181,104183,104185],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,104180,92],{"class":91},[37,104182,95],{"class":51},[37,104184,246],{"class":102},[37,104186,85],{"class":51},[307,104188,37306,104190,8823,104192],{"id":104189},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104191,102944],{},[15,104193,55620],{},[20,104195,104196,104197,292],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104198,102944],{},[28,104200,104202],{"className":30,"code":104201,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104203,104204,104236,104257],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104207,1729],{"class":43},[37,104209,48],{"class":47},[37,104211,10605],{"class":51},[37,104213,56],{"class":55},[37,104215,285],{"class":59},[37,104217,56],{"class":55},[37,104219,65],{"class":51},[37,104221,68],{"class":55},[37,104223,777],{"class":59},[37,104225,56],{"class":55},[37,104227,65],{"class":51},[37,104229,68],{"class":55},[37,104231,1754],{"class":59},[37,104233,56],{"class":55},[37,104235,9424],{"class":51},[37,104237,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104239,1785],{"class":43},[37,104241,292],{"class":51},[37,104243,103011],{"class":102},[37,104245,95],{"class":51},[37,104247,56],{"class":55},[37,104249,22184],{"class":59},[37,104251,56],{"class":55},[37,104253,18],{"class":51},[37,104255,104256],{"class":3788},"   # safe\n",[37,104258,104259,104261,104263,104265],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104260,92],{"class":91},[37,104262,95],{"class":51},[37,104264,1785],{"class":102},[37,104266,85],{"class":51},[20,104268,104269,104270,46006,104273,292],{},"If you use ",[15,104271,104272],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104274,19795],{},[307,104276,25724,104278,104280],{"id":104277},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104279,102944],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104282,104283,102297],{},[15,104284,102944],{},[20,104286,16753],{},[28,104288,104290],{"className":30,"code":104289,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104291,104292,104312],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104293,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104295,670],{"class":43},[37,104297,48],{"class":47},[37,104299,519],{"class":51},[37,104301,501],{"class":122},[37,104303,65],{"class":51},[37,104305,890],{"class":122},[37,104307,65],{"class":51},[37,104309,513],{"class":122},[37,104311,3760],{"class":51},[37,104313,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104315,687],{"class":43},[37,104317,292],{"class":51},[37,104319,103011],{"class":102},[37,104321,95],{"class":51},[37,104323,508],{"class":122},[37,104325,85],{"class":51},[20,104327,104328,104329,3013],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104330,102944],{},[28,104332,104334],{"className":30,"code":104333,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104335,104336,104356,104370],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104337,104338,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104339,670],{"class":43},[37,104341,48],{"class":47},[37,104343,10605],{"class":51},[37,104345,501],{"class":122},[37,104347,65],{"class":51},[37,104349,890],{"class":122},[37,104351,65],{"class":51},[37,104353,513],{"class":122},[37,104355,9424],{"class":51},[37,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104359,687],{"class":43},[37,104361,292],{"class":51},[37,104363,103011],{"class":102},[37,104365,95],{"class":51},[37,104367,508],{"class":122},[37,104369,85],{"class":51},[37,104371,104372,104374,104376,104378],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104373,92],{"class":91},[37,104375,95],{"class":51},[37,104377,687],{"class":102},[37,104379,85],{"class":51},[307,104381,104383],{"id":104382},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104385,104386],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104388,2964],{},[28,104390,104392],{"className":30,"code":104391,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104393,104394,104414],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104395,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104397,494],{"class":43},[37,104399,48],{"class":47},[37,104401,10605],{"class":51},[37,104403,501],{"class":122},[37,104405,65],{"class":51},[37,104407,890],{"class":122},[37,104409,65],{"class":51},[37,104411,513],{"class":122},[37,104413,9424],{"class":51},[37,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104417,543],{"class":43},[37,104419,292],{"class":51},[37,104421,103011],{"class":102},[37,104423,3115],{"class":51},[37,104425,508],{"class":122},[37,104427,530],{"class":51},[20,104429,104430],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[130,104432,8991],{"id":8990},[20,104434,8994,104435,104437],{},[15,104436,102944],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[28,104439,104441],{"className":30,"code":104440,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104442,104443,104453,104467,104481],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104444,104445,104447,104449,104451],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104446,92],{"class":91},[37,104448,95],{"class":51},[37,104450,15775],{"class":102},[37,104452,85],{"class":51},[37,104454,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104456,92],{"class":91},[37,104458,95],{"class":51},[37,104460,757],{"class":756},[37,104462,95],{"class":51},[37,104464,15775],{"class":102},[37,104466,106],{"class":51},[37,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104470,92],{"class":91},[37,104472,95],{"class":51},[37,104474,1194],{"class":102},[37,104476,1773],{"class":1483},[37,104478,97014],{"class":102},[37,104480,85],{"class":51},[37,104482,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,104484,1937],{"class":91},[37,104486,95],{"class":51},[37,104488,6408],{"class":756},[37,104490,292],{"class":51},[37,104492,103011],{"class":24857},[37,104494,85],{"class":51},[20,104496,11285],{},[135,104498,104499,104502,104505,104508],{},[138,104500,104501],{},"What is currently in the set",[138,104503,104504],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[138,104506,104507],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[138,104509,104510],{},"How Python documents the method",[130,104512,1969],{"id":1968},[307,104514,104516],{"id":104515},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104518,104519,104520,104522],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104521,102944],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[307,104524,5262,104526,12828],{"id":104525},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104527,102949],{},[20,104529,5268,104530,104532],{},[15,104531,3904],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[307,104534,5300,104536,851,104538,2623],{"id":104535},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104537,102944],{},[15,104539,55620],{},[20,104541,104542,104543,26644,104545,104547,104548,104550],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104544,55620],{},[15,104546,19795],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104549,102944],{}," does not.",[307,104552,28435,104554,104556],{"id":104553},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104555,102944],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104558,1989,104559,104561],{},[15,104560,102944],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[130,104563,2025],{"id":2024},[135,104565,104566,104572,104578,104583,104587],{},[138,104567,104568],{},[285,104569,96904,104570,10856],{"href":98299},[15,104571,55620],{},[138,104573,104574],{},[285,104575,96904,104576,10856],{"href":98304},[15,104577,12875],{},[138,104579,104580],{},[285,104581,104582],{"href":97973},"Python set: creating a set",[138,104584,104585],{},[285,104586,100439],{"href":98881},[138,104588,104589],{},[285,104590,11377],{"href":11190},[2052,104592,104593],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":104595},[104596,104597,104599,104602,104607,104608,104609,104610,104612,104621,104622,104631],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":103121,"depth":88,"text":104598},"What set.discard() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":104600},[104601],{"id":103194,"depth":251,"text":103195},{"id":103274,"depth":88,"text":104603,"children":104604},"What makes discard() different",[104605],{"id":103313,"depth":251,"text":104606},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103466,"depth":88,"text":103467},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":103837,"depth":88,"text":103838},{"id":104030,"depth":88,"text":104611},"When to use discard()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":104613},[104614,104616,104618,104620],{"id":104059,"depth":251,"text":104615},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104189,"depth":251,"text":104617},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104277,"depth":251,"text":104619},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104382,"depth":251,"text":104383},{"id":8990,"depth":88,"text":8991},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":104623},[104624,104625,104627,104629],{"id":104515,"depth":251,"text":104516},{"id":104525,"depth":251,"text":104626},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104535,"depth":251,"text":104628},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104553,"depth":251,"text":104630},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102936,"description":104632},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104639,"title":104640,"body":104641,"description":106647,"extension":2099,"meta":106648,"navigation":254,"path":106649,"seo":106650,"stem":106651,"__hash__":106652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104642,"toc":106605},[104643,104646,104654,104659,104670,104672,104727,104731,104751,104756,104760,104765,104767,104781,104783,104858,104860,104893,104898,104903,104905,104907,104922,104925,104933,104938,104953,104955,105044,105046,105135,105141,105145,105147,105185,105187,105211,105214,105229,105231,105286,105288,105321,105323,105328,105332,105336,105341,105406,105408,105428,105434,105438,105495,105497,105518,105522,105527,105572,105574,105607,105610,105614,105647,105649,105678,105682,105686,105689,105691,105710,105712,105758,105763,105777,105779,105810,105815,105818,105862,105864,105892,105896,105900,105916,105919,105984,105986,105998,106001,106005,106008,106013,106041,106043,106061,106067,106106,106108,106126,106132,106161,106163,106181,106184,106201,106203,106208,106212,106215,106241,106248,106253,106268,106277,106281,106284,106315,106321,106324,106333,106336,106338,106340,106398,106401,106426,106428,106432,106435,106439,106447,106451,106454,106458,106461,106463,106486,106488,106529,106536,106544,106547,106578,106580,106602],[10,104644,104640],{"id":104645},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104647,9242,104648,104650,104651,292],{},[15,104649,3923],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[110,104652,104653],{},"unique values only",[20,104655,35514,104656,104658],{},[15,104657,3923],{}," to:",[135,104660,104661,104664,104667],{},[138,104662,104663],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[138,104665,104666],{},"check whether a value exists",[138,104668,104669],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[130,104671,2140],{"id":2139},[28,104673,104675],{"className":30,"code":104674,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104676,104677,104701,104716],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104678,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104680,207],{"class":43},[37,104682,48],{"class":47},[37,104684,519],{"class":51},[37,104686,501],{"class":122},[37,104688,65],{"class":51},[37,104690,890],{"class":122},[37,104692,65],{"class":51},[37,104694,890],{"class":122},[37,104696,65],{"class":51},[37,104698,513],{"class":122},[37,104700,3760],{"class":51},[37,104702,104703,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104704,104705],{"class":43},"unique_numbers ",[37,104707,48],{"class":47},[37,104709,15742],{"class":756},[37,104711,95],{"class":51},[37,104713,246],{"class":102},[37,104715,85],{"class":51},[37,104717,104718,104720,104722,104725],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104719,92],{"class":91},[37,104721,95],{"class":51},[37,104723,104724],{"class":102},"unique_numbers",[37,104726,85],{"class":51},[20,104728,104729],{},[110,104730,112],{},[28,104732,104733],{"className":30,"code":96697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,104734,104735],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104736,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104738,9394],{"class":51},[37,104740,501],{"class":122},[37,104742,65],{"class":51},[37,104744,890],{"class":122},[37,104746,65],{"class":51},[37,104748,513],{"class":122},[37,104750,9424],{"class":51},[20,104752,22,104753,104755],{},[15,104754,3923],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[130,104757,104759],{"id":104758},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104761,104762,104764],{},[15,104763,3923],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104766,30648],{},[135,104768,104769,104772,104775,104778],{},[138,104770,104771],{},"A set stores unique items only",[138,104773,104774],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[138,104776,104777],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[138,104779,104780],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104782,197],{},[28,104784,104786],{"className":30,"code":104785,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104787,104788,104828,104843,104847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104789,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104791,44],{"class":43},[37,104793,48],{"class":47},[37,104795,519],{"class":51},[37,104797,56],{"class":55},[37,104799,60],{"class":59},[37,104801,56],{"class":55},[37,104803,65],{"class":51},[37,104805,68],{"class":55},[37,104807,80],{"class":59},[37,104809,56],{"class":55},[37,104811,65],{"class":51},[37,104813,68],{"class":55},[37,104815,60],{"class":59},[37,104817,56],{"class":55},[37,104819,65],{"class":51},[37,104821,68],{"class":55},[37,104823,71],{"class":59},[37,104825,56],{"class":55},[37,104827,3760],{"class":51},[37,104829,104830,104833,104835,104837,104839,104841],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104831,104832],{"class":43},"unique_colors ",[37,104834,48],{"class":47},[37,104836,15742],{"class":756},[37,104838,95],{"class":51},[37,104840,103],{"class":102},[37,104842,85],{"class":51},[37,104844,104845],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,104846,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,104848,104849,104851,104853,104856],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,104850,92],{"class":91},[37,104852,95],{"class":51},[37,104854,104855],{"class":102},"unique_colors",[37,104857,85],{"class":51},[20,104859,30137],{},[28,104861,104863],{"className":30,"code":104862,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104864,104865],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104866,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104868,9394],{"class":51},[37,104870,821],{"class":55},[37,104872,80],{"class":59},[37,104874,821],{"class":55},[37,104876,65],{"class":51},[37,104878,815],{"class":55},[37,104880,71],{"class":59},[37,104882,821],{"class":55},[37,104884,65],{"class":51},[37,104886,815],{"class":55},[37,104888,60],{"class":59},[37,104890,821],{"class":55},[37,104892,9424],{"class":51},[20,104894,2419,104895,104897],{},[15,104896,65483],{}," appears only once.",[20,104899,104900,104901,292],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[285,104902,96418],{"href":96417},[130,104904,159],{"id":158},[20,104906,2293],{},[28,104908,104910],{"className":30,"code":104909,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104911,104912],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104915,6408],{"class":756},[37,104917,95],{"class":51},[37,104919,3846],{"class":102},[37,104921,85],{"class":51},[20,104923,104924],{},"The argument is optional.",[135,104926,104927,104930],{},[138,104928,104929],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[138,104931,104932],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104934,104935,104936,3013],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104937,3923],{},[135,104939,104940,104942,104944,104946,104950],{},[138,104941,8213],{},[138,104943,835],{},[138,104945,61265],{},[138,104947,104948],{},[15,104949,36301],{},[138,104951,104952],{},"another set",[20,104954,2260],{},[28,104956,104958],{"className":30,"code":104957,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104959,104960,104986,105008,105026],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,104961,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,104963,92],{"class":91},[37,104965,95],{"class":51},[37,104967,6408],{"class":756},[37,104969,3115],{"class":51},[37,104971,501],{"class":122},[37,104973,65],{"class":51},[37,104975,890],{"class":122},[37,104977,65],{"class":51},[37,104979,890],{"class":122},[37,104981,65],{"class":51},[37,104983,513],{"class":122},[37,104985,1073],{"class":51},[37,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,104989,92],{"class":91},[37,104991,95],{"class":51},[37,104993,6408],{"class":756},[37,104995,5632],{"class":51},[37,104997,214],{"class":122},[37,104999,65],{"class":51},[37,105001,219],{"class":122},[37,105003,65],{"class":51},[37,105005,6125],{"class":122},[37,105007,3041],{"class":51},[37,105009,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022,105024],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105011,92],{"class":91},[37,105013,95],{"class":51},[37,105015,6408],{"class":756},[37,105017,95],{"class":51},[37,105019,56],{"class":55},[37,105021,3970],{"class":59},[37,105023,56],{"class":55},[37,105025,106],{"class":51},[37,105027,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105029,92],{"class":91},[37,105031,95],{"class":51},[37,105033,6408],{"class":756},[37,105035,95],{"class":51},[37,105037,60089],{"class":91},[37,105039,95],{"class":51},[37,105041,522],{"class":122},[37,105043,3041],{"class":51},[20,105045,30137],{},[28,105047,105049],{"className":30,"code":105048,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105050,105051,105067,105079,105115],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105052,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063,105065],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105054,9394],{"class":51},[37,105056,501],{"class":122},[37,105058,65],{"class":51},[37,105060,890],{"class":122},[37,105062,65],{"class":51},[37,105064,513],{"class":122},[37,105066,9424],{"class":51},[37,105068,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105070,9394],{"class":51},[37,105072,214],{"class":122},[37,105074,65],{"class":51},[37,105076,219],{"class":122},[37,105078,9424],{"class":51},[37,105080,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105082,9394],{"class":51},[37,105084,821],{"class":55},[37,105086,60529],{"class":59},[37,105088,821],{"class":55},[37,105090,65],{"class":51},[37,105092,815],{"class":55},[37,105094,60538],{"class":59},[37,105096,821],{"class":55},[37,105098,65],{"class":51},[37,105100,815],{"class":55},[37,105102,60547],{"class":59},[37,105104,821],{"class":55},[37,105106,65],{"class":51},[37,105108,815],{"class":55},[37,105110,60564],{"class":59},[37,105112,821],{"class":55},[37,105114,9424],{"class":51},[37,105116,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105118,9394],{"class":51},[37,105120,1070],{"class":122},[37,105122,65],{"class":51},[37,105124,5619],{"class":122},[37,105126,65],{"class":51},[37,105128,890],{"class":122},[37,105130,65],{"class":51},[37,105132,513],{"class":122},[37,105134,9424],{"class":51},[20,105136,105137,105138,292],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[285,105139,105140],{"href":64938},"Python list() function explained",[130,105142,105144],{"id":105143},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105146,98370],{},[28,105148,105149],{"className":30,"code":99335,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,105150,105151,105161,105171],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105154,98380],{"class":43},[37,105156,48],{"class":47},[37,105158,15742],{"class":756},[37,105160,8761],{"class":51},[37,105162,105163,105165,105167,105169],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105164,92],{"class":91},[37,105166,95],{"class":51},[37,105168,98399],{"class":102},[37,105170,85],{"class":51},[37,105172,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105174,92],{"class":91},[37,105176,95],{"class":51},[37,105178,757],{"class":756},[37,105180,95],{"class":51},[37,105182,98399],{"class":102},[37,105184,106],{"class":51},[20,105186,112],{},[28,105188,105189],{"className":30,"code":99378,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,105190,105191,105197],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105192,105193,105195],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105194,6408],{"class":756},[37,105196,8761],{"class":51},[37,105198,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105200,808],{"class":47},[37,105202,812],{"class":811},[37,105204,815],{"class":55},[37,105206,6408],{"class":59},[37,105208,821],{"class":55},[37,105210,824],{"class":47},[20,105212,105213],{},"This is important because:",[135,105215,105216,105221],{},[138,105217,105218,105220],{},[15,105219,3923],{}," creates an empty set",[138,105222,105223,105225,105226,105228],{},[15,105224,3918],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[110,105227,711],{}," a set",[20,105230,197],{},[28,105232,105234],{"className":30,"code":105233,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105235,105236,105246,105254,105258,105272],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105237,105238,105240,105242,105244],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105239,722],{"class":43},[37,105241,48],{"class":47},[37,105243,15742],{"class":756},[37,105245,8761],{"class":51},[37,105247,105248,105250,105252],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105249,735],{"class":43},[37,105251,48],{"class":47},[37,105253,9953],{"class":51},[37,105255,105256],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105257,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,105259,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105261,92],{"class":91},[37,105263,95],{"class":51},[37,105265,757],{"class":756},[37,105267,95],{"class":51},[37,105269,285],{"class":102},[37,105271,106],{"class":51},[37,105273,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,105275,92],{"class":91},[37,105277,95],{"class":51},[37,105279,757],{"class":756},[37,105281,95],{"class":51},[37,105283,777],{"class":102},[37,105285,106],{"class":51},[20,105287,112],{},[28,105289,105291],{"className":30,"code":105290,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105292,105293,105307],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105294,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105296,808],{"class":47},[37,105298,812],{"class":811},[37,105300,815],{"class":55},[37,105302,6408],{"class":59},[37,105304,821],{"class":55},[37,105306,824],{"class":47},[37,105308,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105310,808],{"class":47},[37,105312,812],{"class":811},[37,105314,815],{"class":55},[37,105316,8940],{"class":59},[37,105318,821],{"class":55},[37,105320,824],{"class":47},[20,105322,14158],{},[20,105324,105325,105326,292],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[285,105327,104582],{"href":96421},[130,105329,105331],{"id":105330},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[307,105333,105335],{"id":105334},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105337,105338,105339,292],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105340,3923],{},[28,105342,105344],{"className":30,"code":105343,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105345,105346,105378,105392,105396],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105347,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105349,207],{"class":43},[37,105351,48],{"class":47},[37,105353,519],{"class":51},[37,105355,501],{"class":122},[37,105357,65],{"class":51},[37,105359,890],{"class":122},[37,105361,65],{"class":51},[37,105363,890],{"class":122},[37,105365,65],{"class":51},[37,105367,513],{"class":122},[37,105369,65],{"class":51},[37,105371,513],{"class":122},[37,105373,65],{"class":51},[37,105375,513],{"class":122},[37,105377,3760],{"class":51},[37,105379,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105381,2362],{"class":43},[37,105383,48],{"class":47},[37,105385,15742],{"class":756},[37,105387,95],{"class":51},[37,105389,246],{"class":102},[37,105391,85],{"class":51},[37,105393,105394],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105395,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,105397,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105399,92],{"class":91},[37,105401,95],{"class":51},[37,105403,2397],{"class":102},[37,105405,85],{"class":51},[20,105407,112],{},[28,105409,105410],{"className":30,"code":96697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,105411,105412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105413,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105415,9394],{"class":51},[37,105417,501],{"class":122},[37,105419,65],{"class":51},[37,105421,890],{"class":122},[37,105423,65],{"class":51},[37,105425,513],{"class":122},[37,105427,9424],{"class":51},[20,105429,105430,105431,292],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[285,105432,99168],{"href":105433},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[307,105435,105437],{"id":105436},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[28,105439,105441],{"className":30,"code":105440,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105442,105443,105467,105481,105485],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105444,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105446,1111],{"class":43},[37,105448,48],{"class":47},[37,105450,52],{"class":51},[37,105452,446],{"class":122},[37,105454,65],{"class":51},[37,105456,527],{"class":122},[37,105458,65],{"class":51},[37,105460,6125],{"class":122},[37,105462,65],{"class":51},[37,105464,38038],{"class":122},[37,105466,85],{"class":51},[37,105468,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105470,2362],{"class":43},[37,105472,48],{"class":47},[37,105474,15742],{"class":756},[37,105476,95],{"class":51},[37,105478,1160],{"class":102},[37,105480,85],{"class":51},[37,105482,105483],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105484,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,105486,105487,105489,105491,105493],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105488,92],{"class":91},[37,105490,95],{"class":51},[37,105492,2397],{"class":102},[37,105494,85],{"class":51},[20,105496,112],{},[28,105498,105500],{"className":30,"code":105499,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105501,105502],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105503,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105505,9394],{"class":51},[37,105507,446],{"class":122},[37,105509,65],{"class":51},[37,105511,6125],{"class":122},[37,105513,65],{"class":51},[37,105515,38038],{"class":122},[37,105517,9424],{"class":51},[307,105519,105521],{"id":105520},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105523,51220,105524,105526],{},[15,105525,3923],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[28,105528,105530],{"className":30,"code":105529,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105531,105532,105544,105558,105562],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105533,105534,105536,105538,105540,105542],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105535,34795],{"class":43},[37,105537,48],{"class":47},[37,105539,68],{"class":55},[37,105541,338],{"class":59},[37,105543,3484],{"class":55},[37,105545,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105547,2362],{"class":43},[37,105549,48],{"class":47},[37,105551,15742],{"class":756},[37,105553,95],{"class":51},[37,105555,34816],{"class":102},[37,105557,85],{"class":51},[37,105559,105560],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105561,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,105563,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105565,92],{"class":91},[37,105567,95],{"class":51},[37,105569,2397],{"class":102},[37,105571,85],{"class":51},[20,105573,30137],{},[28,105575,105577],{"className":30,"code":105576,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105578,105579],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105580,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105582,9394],{"class":51},[37,105584,821],{"class":55},[37,105586,777],{"class":59},[37,105588,821],{"class":55},[37,105590,65],{"class":51},[37,105592,815],{"class":55},[37,105594,285],{"class":59},[37,105596,821],{"class":55},[37,105598,65],{"class":51},[37,105600,815],{"class":55},[37,105602,76117],{"class":59},[37,105604,821],{"class":55},[37,105606,9424],{"class":51},[20,105608,105609],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[307,105611,105613],{"id":105612},"from-range","From range()",[28,105615,105617],{"className":30,"code":105616,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105618,105619,105637],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105620,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105622,2362],{"class":43},[37,105624,48],{"class":47},[37,105626,15742],{"class":756},[37,105628,95],{"class":51},[37,105630,60089],{"class":91},[37,105632,95],{"class":51},[37,105634,446],{"class":122},[37,105636,106],{"class":51},[37,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105640,92],{"class":91},[37,105642,95],{"class":51},[37,105644,2397],{"class":102},[37,105646,85],{"class":51},[20,105648,112],{},[28,105650,105652],{"className":30,"code":105651,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105653,105654],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105655,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105657,9394],{"class":51},[37,105659,1070],{"class":122},[37,105661,65],{"class":51},[37,105663,5619],{"class":122},[37,105665,65],{"class":51},[37,105667,890],{"class":122},[37,105669,65],{"class":51},[37,105671,513],{"class":122},[37,105673,65],{"class":51},[37,105675,1134],{"class":122},[37,105677,9424],{"class":51},[130,105679,105681],{"id":105680},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105683,99615,105684,292],{},[110,105685,96461],{},[20,105687,105688],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105690,99621],{},[135,105692,105693,105697,105701,105705],{},[138,105694,105695],{},[15,105696,818],{},[138,105698,105699],{},[15,105700,3569],{},[138,105702,105703],{},[15,105704,2324],{},[138,105706,105707,105709],{},[15,105708,835],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105711,197],{},[28,105713,105715],{"className":30,"code":105714,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105716,105717,105748],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105718,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743,105745],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105720,670],{"class":43},[37,105722,48],{"class":47},[37,105724,10605],{"class":51},[37,105726,501],{"class":122},[37,105728,65],{"class":51},[37,105730,68],{"class":55},[37,105732,3970],{"class":59},[37,105734,56],{"class":55},[37,105736,65],{"class":51},[37,105738,52],{"class":51},[37,105740,214],{"class":122},[37,105742,65],{"class":51},[37,105744,219],{"class":122},[37,105746,105747],{"class":51},")}\n",[37,105749,105750,105752,105754,105756],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105751,92],{"class":91},[37,105753,95],{"class":51},[37,105755,687],{"class":102},[37,105757,85],{"class":51},[20,105759,99683,105760,105762],{},[110,105761,711],{}," work inside a set:",[135,105764,105765,105769,105773],{},[138,105766,105767],{},[15,105768,8213],{},[138,105770,105771],{},[15,105772,8940],{},[138,105774,105775],{},[15,105776,6408],{},[20,105778,97186],{},[28,105780,105782],{"className":30,"code":105781,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105783,105784],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105785,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105787,99702],{"class":43},[37,105789,48],{"class":47},[37,105791,99707],{"class":51},[37,105793,501],{"class":122},[37,105795,65],{"class":51},[37,105797,890],{"class":122},[37,105799,893],{"class":51},[37,105801,519],{"class":51},[37,105803,1129],{"class":122},[37,105805,65],{"class":51},[37,105807,1134],{"class":122},[37,105809,13815],{"class":51},[20,105811,76945,105812,105814],{},[15,105813,3133],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105816,105817],{},"A safer example:",[28,105819,105821],{"className":30,"code":105820,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105822,105823,105851],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105824,105825,105828,105830,105833,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105826,105827],{"class":43},"good_set ",[37,105829,48],{"class":47},[37,105831,105832],{"class":51}," {(",[37,105834,501],{"class":122},[37,105836,65],{"class":51},[37,105838,890],{"class":122},[37,105840,516],{"class":51},[37,105842,52],{"class":51},[37,105844,1129],{"class":122},[37,105846,65],{"class":51},[37,105848,1134],{"class":122},[37,105850,105747],{"class":51},[37,105852,105853,105855,105857,105860],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105854,92],{"class":91},[37,105856,95],{"class":51},[37,105858,105859],{"class":102},"good_set",[37,105861,85],{"class":51},[20,105863,112],{},[28,105865,105867],{"className":30,"code":105866,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105868,105869],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105870,105871,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105872,105873],{"class":51},"{(",[37,105875,501],{"class":122},[37,105877,65],{"class":51},[37,105879,890],{"class":122},[37,105881,516],{"class":51},[37,105883,52],{"class":51},[37,105885,1129],{"class":122},[37,105887,65],{"class":51},[37,105889,1134],{"class":122},[37,105891,105747],{"class":51},[130,105893,105895],{"id":105894},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105897,22,105898,10716],{},[15,105899,3923],{},[135,105901,105902,105905,105910,105913],{},[138,105903,105904],{},"you need unique values only",[138,105906,105907,105908],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105909,1773],{},[138,105911,105912],{},"order does not matter",[138,105914,105915],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105917,105918],{},"Example of membership checking:",[28,105920,105922],{"className":30,"code":105921,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105923,105924,105949,105953,105969],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105925,105926,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105942,105944,105947],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105927,105928],{"class":43},"allowed_ids ",[37,105930,48],{"class":47},[37,105932,15742],{"class":756},[37,105934,3115],{"class":51},[37,105936,46689],{"class":122},[37,105938,65],{"class":51},[37,105940,105941],{"class":122}," 102",[37,105943,65],{"class":51},[37,105945,105946],{"class":122}," 103",[37,105948,530],{"class":51},[37,105950,105951],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105952,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,105954,105955,105957,105959,105962,105964,105967],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,105956,92],{"class":91},[37,105958,95],{"class":51},[37,105960,105961],{"class":122},"102",[37,105963,21280],{"class":1483},[37,105965,105966],{"class":102}," allowed_ids",[37,105968,85],{"class":51},[37,105970,105971,105973,105975,105978,105980,105982],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,105972,92],{"class":91},[37,105974,95],{"class":51},[37,105976,105977],{"class":122},"999",[37,105979,21280],{"class":1483},[37,105981,105966],{"class":102},[37,105983,85],{"class":51},[20,105985,112],{},[28,105987,105988],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,105989,105990,105994],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,105991,105992],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,105993,4103],{"class":3977},[37,105995,105996],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,105997,4164],{"class":3977},[20,105999,106000],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[130,106002,106004],{"id":106003},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106006,106007],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[307,106009,22,106011,98312],{"id":106010},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106012,3923],{},[28,106014,106015],{"className":30,"code":98373,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,106016,106017,106027],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106020,98380],{"class":43},[37,106022,48],{"class":47},[37,106024,15742],{"class":756},[37,106026,8761],{"class":51},[37,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106030,92],{"class":91},[37,106032,95],{"class":51},[37,106034,757],{"class":756},[37,106036,95],{"class":51},[37,106038,98399],{"class":102},[37,106040,106],{"class":51},[20,106042,112],{},[28,106044,106045],{"className":30,"code":8971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,106046,106047],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106048,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106050,808],{"class":47},[37,106052,812],{"class":811},[37,106054,815],{"class":55},[37,106056,6408],{"class":59},[37,106058,821],{"class":55},[37,106060,824],{"class":47},[307,106062,22,106064,106066],{"id":106063},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106065,100372],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[28,106068,106070],{"className":30,"code":106069,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106071,106072,106092],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106073,106074,106076,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106075,207],{"class":43},[37,106077,48],{"class":47},[37,106079,10605],{"class":51},[37,106081,501],{"class":122},[37,106083,65],{"class":51},[37,106085,890],{"class":122},[37,106087,65],{"class":51},[37,106089,513],{"class":122},[37,106091,9424],{"class":51},[37,106093,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106095,92],{"class":91},[37,106097,95],{"class":51},[37,106099,757],{"class":756},[37,106101,95],{"class":51},[37,106103,246],{"class":102},[37,106105,106],{"class":51},[20,106107,112],{},[28,106109,106110],{"className":30,"code":8971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,106111,106112],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106113,106114,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106115,808],{"class":47},[37,106117,812],{"class":811},[37,106119,815],{"class":55},[37,106121,6408],{"class":59},[37,106123,821],{"class":55},[37,106125,824],{"class":47},[307,106127,22,106129,106131],{"id":106128},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106130,3918],{}," for an empty dictionary",[28,106133,106135],{"className":30,"code":106134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106136,106137,106146],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106138,106139,106142,106144],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106140,106141],{"class":43},"empty_dict ",[37,106143,48],{"class":47},[37,106145,9953],{"class":51},[37,106147,106148,106150,106152,106154,106156,106159],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106149,92],{"class":91},[37,106151,95],{"class":51},[37,106153,757],{"class":756},[37,106155,95],{"class":51},[37,106157,106158],{"class":102},"empty_dict",[37,106160,106],{"class":51},[20,106162,112],{},[28,106164,106165],{"className":30,"code":8927,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,106166,106167],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106168,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177,106179],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106170,808],{"class":47},[37,106172,812],{"class":811},[37,106174,815],{"class":55},[37,106176,8940],{"class":59},[37,106178,821],{"class":55},[37,106180,824],{"class":47},[20,106182,106183],{},"So the rule is simple:",[135,106185,106186,106191,106196],{},[138,106187,106188,106190],{},[15,106189,3923],{}," → empty set",[138,106192,106193,106195],{},[15,106194,100372],{}," → non-empty set",[138,106197,106198,106200],{},[15,106199,3918],{}," → empty dictionary",[130,106202,1854],{"id":1853},[20,106204,106205,106206,292],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106207,3923],{},[307,106209,1872,106210,99970],{"id":99967},[15,106211,3918],{},[20,106213,106214],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[28,106216,106217],{"className":30,"code":99976,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,106218,106219,106227],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106220,106221,106223,106225],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106222,1194],{"class":43},[37,106224,48],{"class":47},[37,106226,9953],{"class":51},[37,106228,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106230,92],{"class":91},[37,106232,95],{"class":51},[37,106234,757],{"class":756},[37,106236,95],{"class":51},[37,106238,1215],{"class":102},[37,106240,106],{"class":51},[307,106242,106244,106245],{"id":106243},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106246,106247],{},"set(5)",[20,106249,106250,106252],{},[15,106251,3923],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[28,106254,106256],{"className":30,"code":106255,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set(5)\n",[15,106257,106258],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106259,106260,106262,106264,106266],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106261,6408],{"class":756},[37,106263,95],{"class":51},[37,106265,446],{"class":122},[37,106267,85],{"class":51},[20,106269,3130,106270,106272,106273,292],{},[15,106271,3133],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[285,106274,106276],{"href":106275},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[307,106278,106280],{"id":106279},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106282,106283],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[28,106285,106287],{"className":30,"code":106286,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106288,106289],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106290,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106292,1194],{"class":43},[37,106294,48],{"class":47},[37,106296,99707],{"class":51},[37,106298,501],{"class":122},[37,106300,65],{"class":51},[37,106302,890],{"class":122},[37,106304,893],{"class":51},[37,106306,519],{"class":51},[37,106308,1129],{"class":122},[37,106310,65],{"class":51},[37,106312,1134],{"class":122},[37,106314,13815],{"class":51},[307,106316,1880,106318,106320],{"id":106317},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106319,3923],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106322,106323],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[307,106325,37306,106327,8823,106329,3006,106331],{"id":106326},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106328,3923],{},[15,106330,24888],{},[15,106332,9239],{},[20,106334,106335],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[130,106337,60801],{"id":60800},[20,106339,11228],{},[28,106341,106343],{"className":30,"code":106342,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106344,106345,106360,106370,106384],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106346,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355,106358],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106348,92],{"class":91},[37,106350,95],{"class":51},[37,106352,757],{"class":756},[37,106354,95],{"class":51},[37,106356,106357],{"class":102},"my_value",[37,106359,106],{"class":51},[37,106361,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106363,92],{"class":91},[37,106365,95],{"class":51},[37,106367,106357],{"class":102},[37,106369,85],{"class":51},[37,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,106373,92],{"class":91},[37,106375,95],{"class":51},[37,106377,8213],{"class":756},[37,106379,95],{"class":51},[37,106381,15775],{"class":102},[37,106383,106],{"class":51},[37,106385,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,106387,92],{"class":91},[37,106389,95],{"class":51},[37,106391,17],{"class":91},[37,106393,95],{"class":51},[37,106395,15775],{"class":102},[37,106397,106],{"class":51},[20,106399,106400],{},"What they help you see:",[135,106402,106403,106409,106414,106420],{},[138,106404,106405,106408],{},[15,106406,106407],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[138,106410,106411,90636],{},[15,106412,106413],{},"print(my_value)",[138,106415,106416,106419],{},[15,106417,106418],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[138,106421,106422,106425],{},[15,106423,106424],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[130,106427,1969],{"id":1968},[307,106429,106431],{"id":106430},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106433,106434],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[307,106436,106438],{"id":106437},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106440,22,106441,106443,106444,106446],{},[15,106442,3923],{},". Do not use ",[15,106445,3918],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[307,106448,106450],{"id":106449},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106452,106453],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[307,106455,106457],{"id":106456},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106459,106460],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106462,197],{},[28,106464,106466],{"className":30,"code":106465,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106467,106468],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106469,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106471,92],{"class":91},[37,106473,95],{"class":51},[37,106475,6408],{"class":756},[37,106477,95],{"class":51},[37,106479,56],{"class":55},[37,106481,329],{"class":59},[37,106483,56],{"class":55},[37,106485,106],{"class":51},[20,106487,30137],{},[28,106489,106491],{"className":30,"code":106490,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106492,106493],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106494,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106496,9394],{"class":51},[37,106498,821],{"class":55},[37,106500,285],{"class":59},[37,106502,821],{"class":55},[37,106504,65],{"class":51},[37,106506,815],{"class":55},[37,106508,20],{"class":59},[37,106510,821],{"class":55},[37,106512,65],{"class":51},[37,106514,815],{"class":55},[37,106516,60547],{"class":59},[37,106518,821],{"class":55},[37,106520,65],{"class":51},[37,106522,815],{"class":55},[37,106524,60538],{"class":59},[37,106526,821],{"class":55},[37,106528,9424],{"class":51},[307,106530,5278,106532,106535],{"id":106531},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106533,106534],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106537,106538,28792,106540,106543],{},[15,106539,3923],{},[110,106541,106542],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106545,106546],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[28,106548,106550],{"className":30,"code":106549,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106551,106552],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106553,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106555,92],{"class":91},[37,106557,95],{"class":51},[37,106559,6408],{"class":756},[37,106561,3115],{"class":51},[37,106563,501],{"class":122},[37,106565,65],{"class":51},[37,106567,890],{"class":122},[37,106569,65],{"class":51},[37,106571,513],{"class":122},[37,106573,65],{"class":51},[37,106575,1134],{"class":122},[37,106577,1073],{"class":51},[130,106579,2025],{"id":2024},[135,106581,106582,106586,106590,106594,106598],{},[138,106583,106584],{},[285,106585,96418],{"href":96417},[138,106587,106588],{},[285,106589,104582],{"href":96421},[138,106591,106592],{},[285,106593,100434],{"href":105433},[138,106595,106596],{},[285,106597,105140],{"href":64938},[138,106599,106600],{},[285,106601,106276],{"href":106275},[2052,106603,106604],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":106606},[106607,106608,106609,106610,106611,106617,106618,106619,106627,106637,106638,106646],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":104758,"depth":88,"text":104759},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":105143,"depth":88,"text":105144},{"id":105330,"depth":88,"text":105331,"children":106612},[106613,106614,106615,106616],{"id":105334,"depth":251,"text":105335},{"id":105436,"depth":251,"text":105437},{"id":105520,"depth":251,"text":105521},{"id":105612,"depth":251,"text":105613},{"id":105680,"depth":88,"text":105681},{"id":105894,"depth":88,"text":105895},{"id":106003,"depth":88,"text":106004,"children":106620},[106621,106623,106625],{"id":106010,"depth":251,"text":106622},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106063,"depth":251,"text":106624},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106128,"depth":251,"text":106626},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":106628},[106629,106630,106632,106633,106635],{"id":99967,"depth":251,"text":100475},{"id":106243,"depth":251,"text":106631},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106279,"depth":251,"text":106280},{"id":106317,"depth":251,"text":106634},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106326,"depth":251,"text":106636},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60800,"depth":88,"text":60801},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":106639},[106640,106641,106642,106643,106644],{"id":106430,"depth":251,"text":106431},{"id":106437,"depth":251,"text":106438},{"id":106449,"depth":251,"text":106450},{"id":106456,"depth":251,"text":106457},{"id":106531,"depth":251,"text":106645},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104640,"description":106647},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106654,"title":106655,"body":106656,"description":108171,"extension":2099,"meta":108172,"navigation":254,"path":108173,"seo":108174,"stem":108175,"__hash__":108176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106657,"toc":108147},[106658,106664,106669,106672,106755,106760,106765,106770,106772,106785,106789,106791,106810,106813,106836,106839,106850,106852,106933,106935,106952,106954,106960,106963,107058,107060,107091,107093,107101,107103,107106,107217,107219,107244,107246,107268,107273,107278,107284,107393,107395,107411,107414,107417,107500,107502,107519,107527,107529,107533,107539,107630,107632,107665,107670,107677,107754,107756,107773,107779,107781,107785,107801,107804,107830,107832,107893,107895,108018,108020,108071,108077,108079,108084,108086,108092,108095,108099,108102,108106,108109,108119,108121,108144],[10,106659,288,106661,11437],{"id":106660},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106662,106663],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106665,1531,106666,106668],{},[15,106667,106663],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106670,106671],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[28,106673,106675],{"className":30,"code":106674,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106676,106677,106697,106717,106721,106740,106750],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106678,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106680,722],{"class":43},[37,106682,48],{"class":47},[37,106684,10605],{"class":51},[37,106686,501],{"class":122},[37,106688,65],{"class":51},[37,106690,890],{"class":122},[37,106692,65],{"class":51},[37,106694,513],{"class":122},[37,106696,9424],{"class":51},[37,106698,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106700,735],{"class":43},[37,106702,48],{"class":47},[37,106704,10605],{"class":51},[37,106706,508],{"class":122},[37,106708,65],{"class":51},[37,106710,513],{"class":122},[37,106712,65],{"class":51},[37,106714,1134],{"class":122},[37,106716,9424],{"class":51},[37,106718,106719],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,106720,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,106722,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106734,106736,106738],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,106724,2362],{"class":43},[37,106726,48],{"class":47},[37,106728,56979],{"class":43},[37,106730,292],{"class":51},[37,106732,106733],{"class":102},"intersection",[37,106735,95],{"class":51},[37,106737,777],{"class":102},[37,106739,85],{"class":51},[37,106741,106742,106744,106746,106748],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,106743,92],{"class":91},[37,106745,95],{"class":51},[37,106747,2397],{"class":102},[37,106749,85],{"class":51},[37,106751,106752],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,106753,106754],{"class":3788},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106756,22,106757,106759],{},[15,106758,102881],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[130,106761,13108,106763,13111],{"id":106762},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106764,102881],{},[20,106766,106767,106769],{},[15,106768,102881],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106771,13164],{},[135,106773,106774,106777,106779,106782],{},[138,106775,106776],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[138,106778,100651],{},[138,106780,106781],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[138,106783,106784],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106786,96414,106787,292],{},[285,106788,96418],{"href":96417},[130,106790,159],{"id":158},[28,106792,106794],{"className":30,"code":106793,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106795,106796],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106797,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106799,100675],{"class":43},[37,106801,292],{"class":51},[37,106803,106733],{"class":102},[37,106805,95],{"class":51},[37,106807,100684],{"class":102},[37,106809,85],{"class":51},[20,106811,106812],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[28,106814,106816],{"className":30,"code":106815,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106817,106818],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106819,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106821,100675],{"class":43},[37,106823,292],{"class":51},[37,106825,106733],{"class":102},[37,106827,95],{"class":51},[37,106829,100684],{"class":102},[37,106831,65],{"class":51},[37,106833,100711],{"class":102},[37,106835,85],{"class":51},[20,106837,106838],{},"Important notes:",[135,106840,106841,106844,106847],{},[138,106842,106843],{},"The result is always a new set",[138,106845,106846],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[138,106848,106849],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106851,197],{},[28,106853,106855],{"className":30,"code":106854,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106856,106857,106881,106901,106905,106923],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106858,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106860,722],{"class":43},[37,106862,48],{"class":47},[37,106864,10605],{"class":51},[37,106866,501],{"class":122},[37,106868,65],{"class":51},[37,106870,890],{"class":122},[37,106872,65],{"class":51},[37,106874,513],{"class":122},[37,106876,65],{"class":51},[37,106878,1134],{"class":122},[37,106880,9424],{"class":51},[37,106882,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106884,735],{"class":43},[37,106886,48],{"class":47},[37,106888,10605],{"class":51},[37,106890,1129],{"class":122},[37,106892,65],{"class":51},[37,106894,1134],{"class":122},[37,106896,65],{"class":51},[37,106898,527],{"class":122},[37,106900,9424],{"class":51},[37,106902,106903],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,106904,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,106906,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,106908,2362],{"class":43},[37,106910,48],{"class":47},[37,106912,56979],{"class":43},[37,106914,292],{"class":51},[37,106916,106733],{"class":102},[37,106918,95],{"class":51},[37,106920,777],{"class":102},[37,106922,85],{"class":51},[37,106924,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,106926,92],{"class":91},[37,106928,95],{"class":51},[37,106930,2397],{"class":102},[37,106932,85],{"class":51},[20,106934,112],{},[28,106936,106938],{"className":30,"code":106937,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106939,106940],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106941,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106943,9394],{"class":51},[37,106945,1129],{"class":122},[37,106947,65],{"class":51},[37,106949,1134],{"class":122},[37,106951,9424],{"class":51},[130,106953,17528],{"id":17527},[20,106955,106956,22082,106958,292],{},[15,106957,102881],{},[110,106959,6408],{},[20,106961,106962],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[28,106964,106966],{"className":30,"code":106965,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106967,106968,106988,107008,107012,107030,107034,107044],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,106971,722],{"class":43},[37,106973,48],{"class":47},[37,106975,10605],{"class":51},[37,106977,501],{"class":122},[37,106979,65],{"class":51},[37,106981,890],{"class":122},[37,106983,65],{"class":51},[37,106985,513],{"class":122},[37,106987,9424],{"class":51},[37,106989,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,106991,735],{"class":43},[37,106993,48],{"class":47},[37,106995,10605],{"class":51},[37,106997,508],{"class":122},[37,106999,65],{"class":51},[37,107001,513],{"class":122},[37,107003,65],{"class":51},[37,107005,1134],{"class":122},[37,107007,9424],{"class":51},[37,107009,107010],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107011,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107013,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107015,2362],{"class":43},[37,107017,48],{"class":47},[37,107019,56979],{"class":43},[37,107021,292],{"class":51},[37,107023,106733],{"class":102},[37,107025,95],{"class":51},[37,107027,777],{"class":102},[37,107029,85],{"class":51},[37,107031,107032],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,107033,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,107037,92],{"class":91},[37,107039,95],{"class":51},[37,107041,2397],{"class":102},[37,107043,85],{"class":51},[37,107045,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,107047,92],{"class":91},[37,107049,95],{"class":51},[37,107051,757],{"class":756},[37,107053,95],{"class":51},[37,107055,2397],{"class":102},[37,107057,106],{"class":51},[20,107059,112],{},[28,107061,107063],{"className":30,"code":107062,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107064,107065,107077],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107066,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107068,9394],{"class":51},[37,107070,508],{"class":122},[37,107072,65],{"class":51},[37,107074,513],{"class":122},[37,107076,9424],{"class":51},[37,107078,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107080,808],{"class":47},[37,107082,812],{"class":811},[37,107084,815],{"class":55},[37,107086,6408],{"class":59},[37,107088,821],{"class":55},[37,107090,824],{"class":47},[20,107092,85899],{},[135,107094,107095,107098],{},[138,107096,107097],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[138,107099,107100],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[130,107102,11590],{"id":11589},[20,107104,107105],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[28,107107,107109],{"className":30,"code":107108,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107110,107111,107144,107177,107181,107202,107206],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107112,107113,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107114,107115],{"class":43},"colors1 ",[37,107117,48],{"class":47},[37,107119,10605],{"class":51},[37,107121,56],{"class":55},[37,107123,60],{"class":59},[37,107125,56],{"class":55},[37,107127,65],{"class":51},[37,107129,68],{"class":55},[37,107131,80],{"class":59},[37,107133,56],{"class":55},[37,107135,65],{"class":51},[37,107137,68],{"class":55},[37,107139,71],{"class":59},[37,107141,56],{"class":55},[37,107143,9424],{"class":51},[37,107145,107146,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107147,107148],{"class":43},"colors2 ",[37,107150,48],{"class":47},[37,107152,10605],{"class":51},[37,107154,56],{"class":55},[37,107156,71],{"class":59},[37,107158,56],{"class":55},[37,107160,65],{"class":51},[37,107162,68],{"class":55},[37,107164,627],{"class":59},[37,107166,56],{"class":55},[37,107168,65],{"class":51},[37,107170,68],{"class":55},[37,107172,80],{"class":59},[37,107174,56],{"class":55},[37,107176,9424],{"class":51},[37,107178,107179],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107180,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107182,107183,107186,107188,107191,107193,107195,107197,107200],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107184,107185],{"class":43},"common_colors ",[37,107187,48],{"class":47},[37,107189,107190],{"class":43}," colors1",[37,107192,292],{"class":51},[37,107194,106733],{"class":102},[37,107196,95],{"class":51},[37,107198,107199],{"class":102},"colors2",[37,107201,85],{"class":51},[37,107203,107204],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,107205,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107207,107208,107210,107212,107215],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,107209,92],{"class":91},[37,107211,95],{"class":51},[37,107213,107214],{"class":102},"common_colors",[37,107216,85],{"class":51},[20,107218,112],{},[28,107220,107222],{"className":30,"code":107221,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107223,107224],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107225,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107227,9394],{"class":51},[37,107229,821],{"class":55},[37,107231,80],{"class":59},[37,107233,821],{"class":55},[37,107235,65],{"class":51},[37,107237,815],{"class":55},[37,107239,71],{"class":59},[37,107241,821],{"class":55},[37,107243,9424],{"class":51},[20,107245,11797],{},[135,107247,107248,107254,107258,107263],{},[138,107249,107250,107253],{},[15,107251,107252],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[138,107255,107256,107253],{},[15,107257,107199],{},[138,107259,107260,107262],{},[15,107261,102881],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[138,107264,107265,107266],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107267,107214],{},[130,107269,1872,107271,101248],{"id":107270},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107272,102881],{},[20,107274,107275,107276,292],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107277,102881],{},[20,107279,107280,107281,107283],{},"Only the values found in ",[110,107282,3841],{}," inputs will be kept.",[28,107285,107287],{"className":30,"code":107286,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107288,107289,107313,107337,107357,107361,107383],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107290,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107292,722],{"class":43},[37,107294,48],{"class":47},[37,107296,10605],{"class":51},[37,107298,501],{"class":122},[37,107300,65],{"class":51},[37,107302,890],{"class":122},[37,107304,65],{"class":51},[37,107306,513],{"class":122},[37,107308,65],{"class":51},[37,107310,1134],{"class":122},[37,107312,9424],{"class":51},[37,107314,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107316,735],{"class":43},[37,107318,48],{"class":47},[37,107320,10605],{"class":51},[37,107322,508],{"class":122},[37,107324,65],{"class":51},[37,107326,513],{"class":122},[37,107328,65],{"class":51},[37,107330,1134],{"class":122},[37,107332,65],{"class":51},[37,107334,527],{"class":122},[37,107336,9424],{"class":51},[37,107338,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107340,83273],{"class":43},[37,107342,48],{"class":47},[37,107344,10605],{"class":51},[37,107346,1129],{"class":122},[37,107348,65],{"class":51},[37,107350,1134],{"class":122},[37,107352,65],{"class":51},[37,107354,1145],{"class":122},[37,107356,9424],{"class":51},[37,107358,107359],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107360,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,107364,2362],{"class":43},[37,107366,48],{"class":47},[37,107368,56979],{"class":43},[37,107370,292],{"class":51},[37,107372,106733],{"class":102},[37,107374,95],{"class":51},[37,107376,777],{"class":102},[37,107378,65],{"class":51},[37,107380,9797],{"class":102},[37,107382,85],{"class":51},[37,107384,107385,107387,107389,107391],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,107386,92],{"class":91},[37,107388,95],{"class":51},[37,107390,2397],{"class":102},[37,107392,85],{"class":51},[20,107394,112],{},[28,107396,107397],{"className":30,"code":106937,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,107398,107399],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107400,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107402,9394],{"class":51},[37,107404,1129],{"class":122},[37,107406,65],{"class":51},[37,107408,1134],{"class":122},[37,107410,9424],{"class":51},[20,107412,107413],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107415,107416],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[28,107418,107420],{"className":30,"code":107419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107421,107422,107446,107450,107490],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107423,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107425,722],{"class":43},[37,107427,48],{"class":47},[37,107429,10605],{"class":51},[37,107431,501],{"class":122},[37,107433,65],{"class":51},[37,107435,890],{"class":122},[37,107437,65],{"class":51},[37,107439,513],{"class":122},[37,107441,65],{"class":51},[37,107443,1134],{"class":122},[37,107445,9424],{"class":51},[37,107447,107448],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107449,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107451,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107453,2362],{"class":43},[37,107455,48],{"class":47},[37,107457,56979],{"class":43},[37,107459,292],{"class":51},[37,107461,106733],{"class":102},[37,107463,3115],{"class":51},[37,107465,508],{"class":122},[37,107467,65],{"class":51},[37,107469,1134],{"class":122},[37,107471,65],{"class":51},[37,107473,1145],{"class":122},[37,107475,893],{"class":51},[37,107477,52],{"class":51},[37,107479,501],{"class":122},[37,107481,65],{"class":51},[37,107483,890],{"class":122},[37,107485,65],{"class":51},[37,107487,1134],{"class":122},[37,107489,106],{"class":51},[37,107491,107492,107494,107496,107498],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107493,92],{"class":91},[37,107495,95],{"class":51},[37,107497,2397],{"class":102},[37,107499,85],{"class":51},[20,107501,112],{},[28,107503,107505],{"className":30,"code":107504,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107506,107507],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107508,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107510,9394],{"class":51},[37,107512,508],{"class":122},[37,107514,65],{"class":51},[37,107516,1134],{"class":122},[37,107518,9424],{"class":51},[130,107520,107522,10700,107524],{"id":107521},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107523,102881],{},[15,107525,107526],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107528,101418],{},[307,107530,107531],{"id":106733},[15,107532,102881],{},[135,107534,107535,107537],{},[138,107536,101427],{},[138,107538,101430],{},[28,107540,107542],{"className":30,"code":107541,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107543,107544,107564,107584,107588,107606,107610,107620],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107545,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107547,722],{"class":43},[37,107549,48],{"class":47},[37,107551,10605],{"class":51},[37,107553,501],{"class":122},[37,107555,65],{"class":51},[37,107557,890],{"class":122},[37,107559,65],{"class":51},[37,107561,513],{"class":122},[37,107563,9424],{"class":51},[37,107565,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580,107582],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107567,735],{"class":43},[37,107569,48],{"class":47},[37,107571,10605],{"class":51},[37,107573,508],{"class":122},[37,107575,65],{"class":51},[37,107577,513],{"class":122},[37,107579,65],{"class":51},[37,107581,1134],{"class":122},[37,107583,9424],{"class":51},[37,107585,107586],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107587,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107589,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107591,2362],{"class":43},[37,107593,48],{"class":47},[37,107595,56979],{"class":43},[37,107597,292],{"class":51},[37,107599,106733],{"class":102},[37,107601,95],{"class":51},[37,107603,777],{"class":102},[37,107605,85],{"class":51},[37,107607,107608],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,107609,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107611,107612,107614,107616,107618],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,107613,92],{"class":91},[37,107615,95],{"class":51},[37,107617,285],{"class":102},[37,107619,85],{"class":51},[37,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,107623,92],{"class":91},[37,107625,95],{"class":51},[37,107627,2397],{"class":102},[37,107629,85],{"class":51},[20,107631,112],{},[28,107633,107635],{"className":30,"code":107634,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107636,107637,107653],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107638,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107640,9394],{"class":51},[37,107642,501],{"class":122},[37,107644,65],{"class":51},[37,107646,890],{"class":122},[37,107648,65],{"class":51},[37,107650,513],{"class":122},[37,107652,9424],{"class":51},[37,107654,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107656,9394],{"class":51},[37,107658,508],{"class":122},[37,107660,65],{"class":51},[37,107662,513],{"class":122},[37,107664,9424],{"class":51},[307,107666,107668],{"id":107667},"intersection_update",[15,107669,107526],{},[135,107671,107672,107674],{},[138,107673,101570],{},[138,107675,107676],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[28,107678,107680],{"className":30,"code":107679,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107681,107682,107702,107722,107726,107740,107744],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107683,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107685,722],{"class":43},[37,107687,48],{"class":47},[37,107689,10605],{"class":51},[37,107691,501],{"class":122},[37,107693,65],{"class":51},[37,107695,890],{"class":122},[37,107697,65],{"class":51},[37,107699,513],{"class":122},[37,107701,9424],{"class":51},[37,107703,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107705,735],{"class":43},[37,107707,48],{"class":47},[37,107709,10605],{"class":51},[37,107711,508],{"class":122},[37,107713,65],{"class":51},[37,107715,513],{"class":122},[37,107717,65],{"class":51},[37,107719,1134],{"class":122},[37,107721,9424],{"class":51},[37,107723,107724],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107725,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107727,107728,107730,107732,107734,107736,107738],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107729,285],{"class":43},[37,107731,292],{"class":51},[37,107733,107667],{"class":102},[37,107735,95],{"class":51},[37,107737,777],{"class":102},[37,107739,85],{"class":51},[37,107741,107742],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,107743,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107745,107746,107748,107750,107752],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,107747,92],{"class":91},[37,107749,95],{"class":51},[37,107751,285],{"class":102},[37,107753,85],{"class":51},[20,107755,112],{},[28,107757,107759],{"className":30,"code":107758,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107760,107761],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107762,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107764,9394],{"class":51},[37,107766,508],{"class":122},[37,107768,65],{"class":51},[37,107770,513],{"class":122},[37,107772,9424],{"class":51},[20,107774,107775,107776,107778],{},"Choose ",[15,107777,102881],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[130,107780,155],{"id":4638},[20,107782,14843,107783,3013],{},[15,107784,102881],{},[135,107786,107787,107790,107793,107796],{},[138,107788,107789],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[138,107791,107792],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[138,107794,107795],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[138,107797,107798,107799],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107800,102881],{},[20,107802,107803],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[135,107805,107806,107811,107814,107827],{},[138,107807,1872,107808,107810],{},[15,107809,102881],{}," when order matters",[138,107812,107813],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[138,107815,37306,107816,8823,107818,3006,107823],{},[15,107817,102881],{},[285,107819,107821],{"href":107820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107822,102889],{},[285,107824,107825],{"href":102930},[15,107826,100504],{},[138,107828,107829],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107831,30243],{},[28,107833,107835],{"className":30,"code":107834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107836,107837,107847,107861,107879],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107840,92],{"class":91},[37,107842,95],{"class":51},[37,107844,15775],{"class":102},[37,107846,85],{"class":51},[37,107848,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107850,92],{"class":91},[37,107852,95],{"class":51},[37,107854,757],{"class":756},[37,107856,95],{"class":51},[37,107858,2397],{"class":102},[37,107860,106],{"class":51},[37,107862,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107864,92],{"class":91},[37,107866,95],{"class":51},[37,107868,100675],{"class":102},[37,107870,292],{"class":51},[37,107872,106733],{"class":102},[37,107874,95],{"class":51},[37,107876,100684],{"class":102},[37,107878,106],{"class":51},[37,107880,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107882,92],{"class":91},[37,107884,95],{"class":51},[37,107886,17],{"class":91},[37,107888,95],{"class":51},[37,107890,2397],{"class":102},[37,107892,106],{"class":51},[20,107894,197],{},[28,107896,107898],{"className":30,"code":107897,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107899,107900,107924,107944,107948,107966,107970,107980,107990,108004],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,107901,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,107903,207],{"class":43},[37,107905,48],{"class":47},[37,107907,10605],{"class":51},[37,107909,501],{"class":122},[37,107911,65],{"class":51},[37,107913,890],{"class":122},[37,107915,65],{"class":51},[37,107917,890],{"class":122},[37,107919,65],{"class":51},[37,107921,513],{"class":122},[37,107923,9424],{"class":51},[37,107925,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,107927,43648],{"class":43},[37,107929,48],{"class":47},[37,107931,10605],{"class":51},[37,107933,508],{"class":122},[37,107935,65],{"class":51},[37,107937,513],{"class":122},[37,107939,65],{"class":51},[37,107941,1134],{"class":122},[37,107943,9424],{"class":51},[37,107945,107946],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,107947,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107949,107950,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962,107964],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,107951,2362],{"class":43},[37,107953,48],{"class":47},[37,107955,4383],{"class":43},[37,107957,292],{"class":51},[37,107959,106733],{"class":102},[37,107961,95],{"class":51},[37,107963,30851],{"class":102},[37,107965,85],{"class":51},[37,107967,107968],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,107969,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,107971,107972,107974,107976,107978],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,107973,92],{"class":91},[37,107975,95],{"class":51},[37,107977,246],{"class":102},[37,107979,85],{"class":51},[37,107981,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,107983,92],{"class":91},[37,107985,95],{"class":51},[37,107987,2397],{"class":102},[37,107989,85],{"class":51},[37,107991,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000,108002],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,107993,92],{"class":91},[37,107995,95],{"class":51},[37,107997,757],{"class":756},[37,107999,95],{"class":51},[37,108001,2397],{"class":102},[37,108003,106],{"class":51},[37,108005,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,108007,92],{"class":91},[37,108009,95],{"class":51},[37,108011,17],{"class":91},[37,108013,95],{"class":51},[37,108015,2397],{"class":102},[37,108017,106],{"class":51},[20,108019,112],{},[28,108021,108023],{"className":30,"code":108022,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108024,108025,108041,108053,108067],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108026,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108028,9394],{"class":51},[37,108030,501],{"class":122},[37,108032,65],{"class":51},[37,108034,890],{"class":122},[37,108036,65],{"class":51},[37,108038,513],{"class":122},[37,108040,9424],{"class":51},[37,108042,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108044,9394],{"class":51},[37,108046,508],{"class":122},[37,108048,65],{"class":51},[37,108050,513],{"class":122},[37,108052,9424],{"class":51},[37,108054,108055,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,108056,808],{"class":47},[37,108058,812],{"class":811},[37,108060,815],{"class":55},[37,108062,6408],{"class":59},[37,108064,821],{"class":55},[37,108066,824],{"class":47},[37,108068,108069],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,108070,1008],{"class":122},[20,108072,108073,108074,108076],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108075,508],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[130,108078,1969],{"id":1968},[307,108080,1983,108082,102829],{"id":108081},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108083,102881],{},[20,108085,102832],{},[307,108087,5290,108089,108091],{"id":108088},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108090,102881],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108093,108094],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[307,108096,108098],{"id":108097},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108100,108101],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[307,108103,108105],{"id":108104},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108107,108108],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[28,108110,108111],{"className":30,"code":97548,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,108112,108113],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108114,108115,108117],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108116,6408],{"class":756},[37,108118,8761],{"class":51},[130,108120,2025],{"id":2024},[135,108122,108123,108127,108134,108140],{},[138,108124,108125],{},[285,108126,96418],{"href":96417},[138,108128,108129],{},[285,108130,288,108131,10856],{"href":107820},[15,108132,108133],{},"set.union()",[138,108135,108136],{},[285,108137,288,108138,10856],{"href":102930},[15,108139,100509],{},[138,108141,108142],{},[285,108143,100434],{"href":105433},[2052,108145,108146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":108148},[108149,108151,108152,108153,108154,108156,108161,108162,108170],{"id":106762,"depth":88,"text":108150},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":107270,"depth":88,"text":108155},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107521,"depth":88,"text":108157,"children":108158},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108159,108160],{"id":106733,"depth":251,"text":102881},{"id":107667,"depth":251,"text":107526},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":108163},[108164,108166,108168,108169],{"id":108081,"depth":251,"text":108165},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108088,"depth":251,"text":108167},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108097,"depth":251,"text":108098},{"id":108104,"depth":251,"text":108105},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106655,"description":108171},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108178,"title":108179,"body":108180,"description":109416,"extension":2099,"meta":109417,"navigation":254,"path":109418,"seo":109419,"stem":109420,"__hash__":109421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108181,"toc":109383},[108182,108187,108193,108202,108204,108279,108284,108299,108309,108314,108318,108331,108335,108337,108352,108354,108370,108372,108447,108451,108454,108456,108473,108478,108533,108538,108550,108554,108557,108658,108660,108701,108704,108708,108715,108717,108742,108745,108763,108770,108776,108779,108861,108868,108871,108951,108960,108963,108968,108972,108986,109035,109040,109044,109055,109104,109115,109120,109124,109136,109185,109196,109198,109202,109225,109227,109284,109286,109300,109302,109308,109314,109320,109329,109333,109340,109344,109352,109354,109380],[10,108183,96290,108185,11437],{"id":108184},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108186,12875],{},[20,108188,108189,108192],{},[15,108190,108191],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108194,108195,108196,108198,108199,108201],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[110,108197,711],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108200,12875],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[130,108203,2140],{"id":2139},[28,108205,108207],{"className":30,"code":108206,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108208,108209,108241,108255,108259,108269],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108210,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108212,670],{"class":43},[37,108214,48],{"class":47},[37,108216,10605],{"class":51},[37,108218,56],{"class":55},[37,108220,329],{"class":59},[37,108222,56],{"class":55},[37,108224,65],{"class":51},[37,108226,68],{"class":55},[37,108228,338],{"class":59},[37,108230,56],{"class":55},[37,108232,65],{"class":51},[37,108234,68],{"class":55},[37,108236,4218],{"class":59},[37,108238,56],{"class":55},[37,108240,9424],{"class":51},[37,108242,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108244,70022],{"class":43},[37,108246,48],{"class":47},[37,108248,6087],{"class":43},[37,108250,292],{"class":51},[37,108252,26347],{"class":102},[37,108254,8761],{"class":51},[37,108256,108257],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,108258,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,108260,108261,108263,108265,108267],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,108262,92],{"class":91},[37,108264,95],{"class":51},[37,108266,70045],{"class":102},[37,108268,85],{"class":51},[37,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,108272,92],{"class":91},[37,108274,95],{"class":51},[37,108276,687],{"class":102},[37,108278,85],{"class":51},[20,108280,108281],{},[110,108282,108283],{},"What this does:",[135,108285,108286,108291,108296],{},[138,108287,108288,108289],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108290,687],{},[138,108292,108293,108294],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108295,70045],{},[138,108297,108298],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108300,108301,89050,108303,108305,108306,108308],{},[110,108302,83908],{},[15,108304,108191],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[110,108307,711],{}," chosen by index.",[130,108310,296,108312,3805],{"id":108311},"what-setpop-does",[15,108313,108191],{},[20,108315,108316,3013],{},[15,108317,108191],{},[135,108319,108320,108322,108325,108328],{},[138,108321,103132],{},[138,108323,108324],{},"Returns the removed item",[138,108326,108327],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[138,108329,108330],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108332,96414,108333,292],{},[285,108334,96418],{"href":97589},[130,108336,159],{"id":158},[28,108338,108340],{"className":30,"code":108339,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108341,108342],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108343,108344,108346,108348,108350],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108345,15775],{"class":43},[37,108347,292],{"class":51},[37,108349,26347],{"class":102},[37,108351,8761],{"class":51},[20,108353,13164],{},[135,108355,108356,108362,108367],{},[138,108357,108358,108359],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108360,108361],{},"my_set.pop()",[138,108363,108364,108365],{},"It takes ",[110,108366,28795],{},[138,108368,108369],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108371,197],{},[28,108373,108375],{"className":30,"code":108374,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108376,108377,108409,108423,108427,108437],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108378,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108380,44],{"class":43},[37,108382,48],{"class":47},[37,108384,10605],{"class":51},[37,108386,56],{"class":55},[37,108388,60],{"class":59},[37,108390,56],{"class":55},[37,108392,65],{"class":51},[37,108394,68],{"class":55},[37,108396,80],{"class":59},[37,108398,56],{"class":55},[37,108400,65],{"class":51},[37,108402,68],{"class":55},[37,108404,71],{"class":59},[37,108406,56],{"class":55},[37,108408,9424],{"class":51},[37,108410,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108412,28645],{"class":43},[37,108414,48],{"class":47},[37,108416,13233],{"class":43},[37,108418,292],{"class":51},[37,108420,26347],{"class":102},[37,108422,8761],{"class":51},[37,108424,108425],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,108426,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,108428,108429,108431,108433,108435],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,108430,92],{"class":91},[37,108432,95],{"class":51},[37,108434,23417],{"class":102},[37,108436,85],{"class":51},[37,108438,108439,108441,108443,108445],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,108440,92],{"class":91},[37,108442,95],{"class":51},[37,108444,103],{"class":102},[37,108446,85],{"class":51},[130,108448,108450],{"id":108449},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108452,108453],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108455,2242],{},[135,108457,108458,108464,108467],{},[138,108459,108460,108461,108463],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108462,12875],{}," removes",[138,108465,108466],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[138,108468,108469,108470,108472],{},"You should not use ",[15,108471,12875],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108474,10575,108475,108477],{},[110,108476,711],{}," valid:",[28,108479,108481],{"className":30,"code":108480,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108482,108483,108515],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108484,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108486,320],{"class":43},[37,108488,48],{"class":47},[37,108490,10605],{"class":51},[37,108492,56],{"class":55},[37,108494,329],{"class":59},[37,108496,56],{"class":55},[37,108498,65],{"class":51},[37,108500,68],{"class":55},[37,108502,338],{"class":59},[37,108504,56],{"class":55},[37,108506,65],{"class":51},[37,108508,68],{"class":55},[37,108510,4218],{"class":59},[37,108512,56],{"class":55},[37,108514,9424],{"class":51},[37,108516,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108518,364],{"class":43},[37,108520,292],{"class":51},[37,108522,26347],{"class":102},[37,108524,95],{"class":51},[37,108526,56],{"class":55},[37,108528,329],{"class":59},[37,108530,56],{"class":55},[37,108532,85],{"class":51},[20,108534,1382,108535,108537],{},[15,108536,108191],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108539,108540,108541,3006,108545,292],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[285,108542,108543],{"href":98299},[15,108544,102958],{},[285,108546,108548],{"href":108547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108549,102949],{},[130,108551,108553],{"id":108552},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108555,108556],{},"Here is a simple example:",[28,108558,108560],{"className":30,"code":108559,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108561,108562,108596,108600,108616,108620,108639],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108563,108564,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108592,108594],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108565,108566],{"class":43},"animals ",[37,108568,48],{"class":47},[37,108570,10605],{"class":51},[37,108572,56],{"class":55},[37,108574,37149],{"class":59},[37,108576,56],{"class":55},[37,108578,65],{"class":51},[37,108580,68],{"class":55},[37,108582,58219],{"class":59},[37,108584,56],{"class":55},[37,108586,65],{"class":51},[37,108588,68],{"class":55},[37,108590,108591],{"class":59},"rabbit",[37,108593,56],{"class":55},[37,108595,9424],{"class":51},[37,108597,108598],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108599,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,108601,108602,108605,108607,108610,108612,108614],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,108603,108604],{"class":43},"removed_animal ",[37,108606,48],{"class":47},[37,108608,108609],{"class":43}," animals",[37,108611,292],{"class":51},[37,108613,26347],{"class":102},[37,108615,8761],{"class":51},[37,108617,108618],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,108619,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,108621,108622,108624,108626,108628,108630,108632,108634,108637],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,108623,92],{"class":91},[37,108625,95],{"class":51},[37,108627,56],{"class":55},[37,108629,29063],{"class":59},[37,108631,56],{"class":55},[37,108633,65],{"class":51},[37,108635,108636],{"class":102}," removed_animal",[37,108638,85],{"class":51},[37,108640,108641,108643,108645,108647,108650,108652,108654,108656],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,108642,92],{"class":91},[37,108644,95],{"class":51},[37,108646,56],{"class":55},[37,108648,108649],{"class":59},"Updated set:",[37,108651,56],{"class":55},[37,108653,65],{"class":51},[37,108655,108609],{"class":102},[37,108657,85],{"class":51},[20,108659,30137],{},[28,108661,108663],{"className":30,"code":108662,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108664,108665,108674],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108666,108667,108669,108671],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108668,29105],{"class":43},[37,108670,3013],{"class":51},[37,108672,108673],{"class":43}," dog\n",[37,108675,108676,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108677,108678],{"class":43},"Updated ",[37,108680,6408],{"class":756},[37,108682,3013],{"class":51},[37,108684,10605],{"class":51},[37,108686,821],{"class":55},[37,108688,37149],{"class":59},[37,108690,821],{"class":55},[37,108692,65],{"class":51},[37,108694,815],{"class":55},[37,108696,108591],{"class":59},[37,108698,821],{"class":55},[37,108700,9424],{"class":51},[20,108702,108703],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[130,108705,108707],{"id":108706},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108709,29757,108710,108712,108713,292],{},[15,108711,12875],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108714,19795],{},[20,108716,197],{},[28,108718,108720],{"className":30,"code":108719,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108721,108722,108732],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108723,108724,108726,108728,108730],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108725,670],{"class":43},[37,108727,48],{"class":47},[37,108729,15742],{"class":756},[37,108731,8761],{"class":51},[37,108733,108734,108736,108738,108740],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108735,687],{"class":43},[37,108737,292],{"class":51},[37,108739,26347],{"class":102},[37,108741,8761],{"class":51},[20,108743,108744],{},"This raises:",[28,108746,108748],{"className":30,"code":108747,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108749,108750],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108751,108752,108754,108756,108758,108761],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108753,19795],{"class":756},[37,108755,3013],{"class":51},[37,108757,815],{"class":55},[37,108759,108760],{"class":59},"pop from an empty set",[37,108762,29807],{"class":55},[20,108764,108765,108766,108769],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[285,108767,108768],{"href":11190},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[307,108771,108773,108774],{"id":108772},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108775,12875],{},[20,108777,108778],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[28,108780,108782],{"className":30,"code":108781,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108783,108784,108794,108798,108806,108821,108840,108846],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108785,108786,108788,108790,108792],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108787,670],{"class":43},[37,108789,48],{"class":47},[37,108791,15742],{"class":756},[37,108793,8761],{"class":51},[37,108795,108796],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108797,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,108799,108800,108802,108804],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,108801,1484],{"class":1483},[37,108803,6087],{"class":43},[37,108805,1501],{"class":51},[37,108807,108808,108811,108813,108815,108817,108819],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,108809,108810],{"class":43},"    removed ",[37,108812,48],{"class":47},[37,108814,6087],{"class":43},[37,108816,292],{"class":51},[37,108818,26347],{"class":102},[37,108820,8761],{"class":51},[37,108822,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108838],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,108824,1506],{"class":91},[37,108826,95],{"class":51},[37,108828,56],{"class":55},[37,108830,29063],{"class":59},[37,108832,56],{"class":55},[37,108834,65],{"class":51},[37,108836,108837],{"class":102}," removed",[37,108839,85],{"class":51},[37,108841,108842,108844],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,108843,27540],{"class":1483},[37,108845,1501],{"class":51},[37,108847,108848,108850,108852,108854,108857,108859],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,108849,1506],{"class":91},[37,108851,95],{"class":51},[37,108853,56],{"class":55},[37,108855,108856],{"class":59},"The set is empty.",[37,108858,56],{"class":55},[37,108860,85],{"class":51},[307,108862,22,108864,851,108866],{"id":108863},"use-try-and-except",[15,108865,29911],{},[15,108867,29942],{},[20,108869,108870],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[28,108872,108874],{"className":30,"code":108873,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108875,108876,108886,108890,108896,108910,108928,108936],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108877,108878,108880,108882,108884],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108879,670],{"class":43},[37,108881,48],{"class":47},[37,108883,15742],{"class":756},[37,108885,8761],{"class":51},[37,108887,108888],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,108889,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,108891,108892,108894],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,108893,29911],{"class":1483},[37,108895,1501],{"class":51},[37,108897,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,108899,108810],{"class":43},[37,108901,48],{"class":47},[37,108903,6087],{"class":43},[37,108905,292],{"class":51},[37,108907,26347],{"class":102},[37,108909,8761],{"class":51},[37,108911,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922,108924,108926],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,108913,1506],{"class":91},[37,108915,95],{"class":51},[37,108917,56],{"class":55},[37,108919,29063],{"class":59},[37,108921,56],{"class":55},[37,108923,65],{"class":51},[37,108925,108837],{"class":102},[37,108927,85],{"class":51},[37,108929,108930,108932,108934],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,108931,29942],{"class":1483},[37,108933,29945],{"class":756},[37,108935,1501],{"class":51},[37,108937,108938,108940,108942,108944,108947,108949],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,108939,1506],{"class":91},[37,108941,95],{"class":51},[37,108943,56],{"class":55},[37,108945,108946],{"class":59},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[37,108948,56],{"class":55},[37,108950,85],{"class":51},[130,108952,5080,108954,10700,108956,10700,108958],{"id":108953},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108955,12875],{},[15,108957,55620],{},[15,108959,102944],{},[20,108961,108962],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[307,108964,22,108966],{"id":108965},"use-pop",[15,108967,12875],{},[20,108969,22,108970,10716],{},[15,108971,12875],{},[135,108973,108974,108980,108983],{},[138,108975,108976,108977],{},"You want to remove ",[110,108978,108979],{},"any one item",[138,108981,108982],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[138,108984,108985],{},"You want the removed item returned",[28,108987,108989],{"className":30,"code":108988,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108990,108991,109011,109025],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,108992,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,108994,207],{"class":43},[37,108996,48],{"class":47},[37,108998,10605],{"class":51},[37,109000,501],{"class":122},[37,109002,65],{"class":51},[37,109004,890],{"class":122},[37,109006,65],{"class":51},[37,109008,513],{"class":122},[37,109010,9424],{"class":51},[37,109012,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109014,1194],{"class":43},[37,109016,48],{"class":47},[37,109018,4383],{"class":43},[37,109020,292],{"class":51},[37,109022,26347],{"class":102},[37,109024,8761],{"class":51},[37,109026,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109028,92],{"class":91},[37,109030,95],{"class":51},[37,109032,1215],{"class":102},[37,109034,85],{"class":51},[307,109036,22,109038],{"id":109037},"use-remove",[15,109039,55620],{},[20,109041,22,109042,10716],{},[15,109043,55620],{},[135,109045,109046,109052],{},[138,109047,109048,109049],{},"You want to delete a ",[110,109050,109051],{},"specific item",[138,109053,109054],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[28,109056,109058],{"className":30,"code":109057,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109059,109060,109080,109094],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109061,109062,109064,109066,109068,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109063,207],{"class":43},[37,109065,48],{"class":47},[37,109067,10605],{"class":51},[37,109069,501],{"class":122},[37,109071,65],{"class":51},[37,109073,890],{"class":122},[37,109075,65],{"class":51},[37,109077,513],{"class":122},[37,109079,9424],{"class":51},[37,109081,109082,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109083,246],{"class":43},[37,109085,292],{"class":51},[37,109087,34902],{"class":102},[37,109089,95],{"class":51},[37,109091,508],{"class":122},[37,109093,85],{"class":51},[37,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109097,92],{"class":91},[37,109099,95],{"class":51},[37,109101,246],{"class":102},[37,109103,85],{"class":51},[20,109105,109106,109107,109109,109110,109114],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109108,55620],{}," raises an error. See the ",[285,109111,109112,10856],{"href":98299},[15,109113,102958],{}," for details.",[307,109116,22,109118],{"id":109117},"use-discard",[15,109119,102944],{},[20,109121,22,109122,10716],{},[15,109123,102944],{},[135,109125,109126,109130],{},[138,109127,109048,109128],{},[110,109129,109051],{},[138,109131,109132,109133,109135],{},"You do ",[110,109134,711],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[28,109137,109139],{"className":30,"code":109138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109140,109141,109161,109175],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109142,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109144,207],{"class":43},[37,109146,48],{"class":47},[37,109148,10605],{"class":51},[37,109150,501],{"class":122},[37,109152,65],{"class":51},[37,109154,890],{"class":122},[37,109156,65],{"class":51},[37,109158,513],{"class":122},[37,109160,9424],{"class":51},[37,109162,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109173],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109164,246],{"class":43},[37,109166,292],{"class":51},[37,109168,103011],{"class":102},[37,109170,95],{"class":51},[37,109172,446],{"class":122},[37,109174,85],{"class":51},[37,109176,109177,109179,109181,109183],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109178,92],{"class":91},[37,109180,95],{"class":51},[37,109182,246],{"class":102},[37,109184,85],{"class":51},[20,109186,109187,109188,109190,109191,109195],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109189,446],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[285,109192,109193,10856],{"href":108547},[15,109194,102949],{}," for more examples.",[130,109197,1854],{"id":1853},[20,109199,71567,109200,3013],{},[15,109201,108191],{},[135,109203,109204,109210,109215,109220],{},[138,109205,109206,109207],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109208,109209],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[138,109211,1880,109212,109214],{},[15,109213,12875],{}," to remove the first or last item",[138,109216,29757,109217,109219],{},[15,109218,12875],{}," on an empty set",[138,109221,1872,109222,109224],{},[15,109223,12875],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109226,62386],{},[28,109228,109230],{"className":30,"code":109229,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109231,109232,109242,109256,109270],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109233,109234,109236,109238,109240],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109235,92],{"class":91},[37,109237,95],{"class":51},[37,109239,15775],{"class":102},[37,109241,85],{"class":51},[37,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109245,92],{"class":91},[37,109247,95],{"class":51},[37,109249,17],{"class":91},[37,109251,95],{"class":51},[37,109253,15775],{"class":102},[37,109255,106],{"class":51},[37,109257,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109259,92],{"class":91},[37,109261,95],{"class":51},[37,109263,757],{"class":756},[37,109265,95],{"class":51},[37,109267,15775],{"class":102},[37,109269,106],{"class":51},[37,109271,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,109273,28645],{"class":43},[37,109275,48],{"class":47},[37,109277,97014],{"class":43},[37,109279,292],{"class":51},[37,109281,26347],{"class":102},[37,109283,8761],{"class":51},[20,109285,26115],{},[135,109287,109288,109291,109294,109297],{},[138,109289,109290],{},"What values are in the set",[138,109292,109293],{},"Whether the set is empty",[138,109295,109296],{},"That the object is really a set",[138,109298,109299],{},"What value was actually removed",[130,109301,1969],{"id":1968},[307,109303,1983,109305,109307],{"id":109304},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109306,108191],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109309,109310,109311,109313],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109312,12875],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[307,109315,109317,109318,2623],{"id":109316},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109319,108191],{},[20,109321,109322,109323,109325,109326,109328],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109324,12875],{},", set ",[15,109327,12875],{}," does not accept an index.",[307,109330,109332],{"id":109331},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109334,71736,109335,44727,109337,109339],{},[15,109336,19795],{},[15,109338,12875],{}," is called on an empty set.",[307,109341,109343],{"id":109342},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109345,22,109346,3006,109348,1866,109350,292],{},[15,109347,55620],{},[15,109349,102944],{},[15,109351,12875],{},[130,109353,2025],{"id":2024},[135,109355,109356,109360,109366,109372,109376],{},[138,109357,109358],{},[285,109359,96418],{"href":97589},[138,109361,109362],{},[285,109363,96904,109364,10856],{"href":98299},[15,109365,55620],{},[138,109367,109368],{},[285,109369,96904,109370,10856],{"href":108547},[15,109371,102944],{},[138,109373,109374],{},[285,109375,11377],{"href":11190},[138,109377,109378],{},[285,109379,55606],{"href":55158},[2052,109381,109382],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":109384},[109385,109386,109388,109389,109390,109391,109397,109406,109407,109415],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":108311,"depth":88,"text":109387},"What set.pop() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":108449,"depth":88,"text":108450},{"id":108552,"depth":88,"text":108553},{"id":108706,"depth":88,"text":108707,"children":109392},[109393,109395],{"id":108772,"depth":251,"text":109394},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108863,"depth":251,"text":109396},"Use try and except",{"id":108953,"depth":88,"text":109398,"children":109399},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109400,109402,109404],{"id":108965,"depth":251,"text":109401},"Use pop()",{"id":109037,"depth":251,"text":109403},"Use remove()",{"id":109117,"depth":251,"text":109405},"Use discard()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":109408},[109409,109411,109413,109414],{"id":109304,"depth":251,"text":109410},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109316,"depth":251,"text":109412},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109331,"depth":251,"text":109332},{"id":109342,"depth":251,"text":109343},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108179,"description":109416},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109423,"title":109424,"body":109425,"description":110579,"extension":2099,"meta":110580,"navigation":254,"path":110581,"seo":110582,"stem":110583,"__hash__":110584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109426,"toc":110547},[109427,109432,109437,109446,109448,109513,109517,109541,109548,109553,109557,109572,109575,109577,109596,109610,109613,109661,109665,109681,109683,109756,109760,109785,109791,109799,109803,109810,109865,109870,109887,109893,109899,109904,109912,109919,109923,109931,109986,109988,110005,110009,110016,110081,110085,110118,110120,110132,110139,110141,110146,110153,110155,110224,110228,110236,110238,110302,110306,110311,110358,110363,110431,110439,110446,110449,110455,110460,110464,110466,110469,110471,110476,110481,110487,110492,110499,110507,110513,110516,110518,110544],[10,109428,96290,109430,11437],{"id":109429},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109431,55620],{},[20,109433,109434,109436],{},[15,109435,102958],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109438,109439,109440,109443,109444,292],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[110,109441,109442],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109445,19795],{},[130,109447,2140],{"id":2139},[28,109449,109451],{"className":30,"code":109450,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109452,109453,109485,109503],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109454,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109456,44],{"class":43},[37,109458,48],{"class":47},[37,109460,10605],{"class":51},[37,109462,56],{"class":55},[37,109464,60],{"class":59},[37,109466,56],{"class":55},[37,109468,65],{"class":51},[37,109470,68],{"class":55},[37,109472,80],{"class":59},[37,109474,56],{"class":55},[37,109476,65],{"class":51},[37,109478,68],{"class":55},[37,109480,71],{"class":59},[37,109482,56],{"class":55},[37,109484,9424],{"class":51},[37,109486,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109488,103],{"class":43},[37,109490,292],{"class":51},[37,109492,34902],{"class":102},[37,109494,95],{"class":51},[37,109496,56],{"class":55},[37,109498,80],{"class":59},[37,109500,56],{"class":55},[37,109502,85],{"class":51},[37,109504,109505,109507,109509,109511],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109506,92],{"class":91},[37,109508,95],{"class":51},[37,109510,103],{"class":102},[37,109512,85],{"class":51},[20,109514,109515],{},[110,109516,30137],{},[28,109518,109519],{"className":30,"code":103638,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,109520,109521],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109522,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109524,9394],{"class":51},[37,109526,821],{"class":55},[37,109528,60],{"class":59},[37,109530,821],{"class":55},[37,109532,65],{"class":51},[37,109534,815],{"class":55},[37,109536,71],{"class":59},[37,109538,821],{"class":55},[37,109540,9424],{"class":51},[20,109542,22,109543,109545,109546,292],{},[15,109544,55620],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109547,19795],{},[130,109549,296,109551,3805],{"id":109550},"what-setremove-does",[15,109552,102958],{},[20,109554,109555,3013],{},[15,109556,102958],{},[135,109558,109559,109562,109564,109566],{},[138,109560,109561],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[138,109563,96405],{},[138,109565,96408],{},[138,109567,109568,109569,109571],{},"Raises ",[15,109570,19795],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109573,109574],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[130,109576,159],{"id":158},[28,109578,109580],{"className":30,"code":109579,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109581,109582],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109583,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109585,15775],{"class":43},[37,109587,292],{"class":51},[37,109589,34902],{"class":102},[37,109591,95],{"class":51},[37,109593,1215],{"class":102},[37,109595,85],{"class":51},[135,109597,109598,109602,109607],{},[138,109599,109600,103180],{},[15,109601,15775],{},[138,109603,109604,109606],{},[15,109605,1215],{}," is the item to remove",[138,109608,109609],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109611,109612],{},"Here is a small example:",[28,109614,109615],{"className":30,"code":109057,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,109616,109617,109637,109651],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109618,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109620,207],{"class":43},[37,109622,48],{"class":47},[37,109624,10605],{"class":51},[37,109626,501],{"class":122},[37,109628,65],{"class":51},[37,109630,890],{"class":122},[37,109632,65],{"class":51},[37,109634,513],{"class":122},[37,109636,9424],{"class":51},[37,109638,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109640,246],{"class":43},[37,109642,292],{"class":51},[37,109644,34902],{"class":102},[37,109646,95],{"class":51},[37,109648,508],{"class":122},[37,109650,85],{"class":51},[37,109652,109653,109655,109657,109659],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109654,92],{"class":91},[37,109656,95],{"class":51},[37,109658,246],{"class":102},[37,109660,85],{"class":51},[20,109662,109663],{},[110,109664,30137],{},[28,109666,109667],{"className":30,"code":101388,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,109668,109669],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109670,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109672,9394],{"class":51},[37,109674,501],{"class":122},[37,109676,65],{"class":51},[37,109678,513],{"class":122},[37,109680,9424],{"class":51},[130,109682,11590],{"id":11589},[28,109684,109686],{"className":30,"code":109685,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109687,109688,109720,109724,109742,109746],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109689,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109691,320],{"class":43},[37,109693,48],{"class":47},[37,109695,10605],{"class":51},[37,109697,56],{"class":55},[37,109699,329],{"class":59},[37,109701,56],{"class":55},[37,109703,65],{"class":51},[37,109705,68],{"class":55},[37,109707,338],{"class":59},[37,109709,56],{"class":55},[37,109711,65],{"class":51},[37,109713,68],{"class":55},[37,109715,347],{"class":59},[37,109717,56],{"class":55},[37,109719,9424],{"class":51},[37,109721,109722],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109723,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,109725,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,109727,364],{"class":43},[37,109729,292],{"class":51},[37,109731,34902],{"class":102},[37,109733,95],{"class":51},[37,109735,56],{"class":55},[37,109737,338],{"class":59},[37,109739,56],{"class":55},[37,109741,85],{"class":51},[37,109743,109744],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,109745,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,109747,109748,109750,109752,109754],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,109749,92],{"class":91},[37,109751,95],{"class":51},[37,109753,364],{"class":102},[37,109755,85],{"class":51},[20,109757,109758],{},[110,109759,30137],{},[28,109761,109763],{"className":30,"code":109762,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109764,109765],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109766,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109768,9394],{"class":51},[37,109770,821],{"class":55},[37,109772,329],{"class":59},[37,109774,821],{"class":55},[37,109776,65],{"class":51},[37,109778,815],{"class":55},[37,109780,347],{"class":59},[37,109782,821],{"class":55},[37,109784,9424],{"class":51},[20,109786,109787,109788,109790],{},"This removes ",[15,109789,65365],{}," from the set.",[20,109792,109793,109794,109796,109797,292],{},"A set does ",[110,109795,711],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[285,109798,96422],{"href":97973},[130,109800,109802],{"id":109801},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109804,109805,109806,52586,109808,292],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109807,55620],{},[15,109809,19795],{},[28,109811,109813],{"className":30,"code":109812,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109814,109815,109847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109816,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109818,44],{"class":43},[37,109820,48],{"class":47},[37,109822,10605],{"class":51},[37,109824,56],{"class":55},[37,109826,60],{"class":59},[37,109828,56],{"class":55},[37,109830,65],{"class":51},[37,109832,68],{"class":55},[37,109834,80],{"class":59},[37,109836,56],{"class":55},[37,109838,65],{"class":51},[37,109840,68],{"class":55},[37,109842,71],{"class":59},[37,109844,56],{"class":55},[37,109846,9424],{"class":51},[37,109848,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109850,103],{"class":43},[37,109852,292],{"class":51},[37,109854,34902],{"class":102},[37,109856,95],{"class":51},[37,109858,56],{"class":55},[37,109860,627],{"class":59},[37,109862,56],{"class":55},[37,109864,85],{"class":51},[20,109866,109867],{},[110,109868,109869],{},"Result:",[28,109871,109873],{"className":30,"code":109872,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109874,109875],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109876,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109878,19795],{"class":756},[37,109880,3013],{"class":51},[37,109882,815],{"class":55},[37,109884,627],{"class":59},[37,109886,29807],{"class":55},[20,109888,22296,109889,109892],{},[15,109890,109891],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109894,109895,109896,109898],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109897,55620],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109900,109901,109902,292],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[285,109903,11377],{"href":11190},[130,109905,140,109907,109909,109910],{"id":109906},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109908,55620],{}," is different from ",[15,109911,102944],{},[20,109913,109914,851,109916,109918],{},[15,109915,55620],{},[15,109917,102944],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[307,109920,109921],{"id":34902},[15,109922,55620],{},[135,109924,109925,109928],{},[138,109926,109927],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[138,109929,109930],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[28,109932,109934],{"className":30,"code":109933,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109935,109936,109968],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109937,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109939,1729],{"class":43},[37,109941,48],{"class":47},[37,109943,10605],{"class":51},[37,109945,56],{"class":55},[37,109947,285],{"class":59},[37,109949,56],{"class":55},[37,109951,65],{"class":51},[37,109953,68],{"class":55},[37,109955,777],{"class":59},[37,109957,56],{"class":55},[37,109959,65],{"class":51},[37,109961,68],{"class":55},[37,109963,1754],{"class":59},[37,109965,56],{"class":55},[37,109967,9424],{"class":51},[37,109969,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,109971,1785],{"class":43},[37,109973,292],{"class":51},[37,109975,34902],{"class":102},[37,109977,95],{"class":51},[37,109979,56],{"class":55},[37,109981,18875],{"class":59},[37,109983,56],{"class":55},[37,109985,85],{"class":51},[20,109987,108744],{},[28,109989,109991],{"className":30,"code":109990,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109992,109993],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,109994,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,109996,19795],{"class":756},[37,109998,3013],{"class":51},[37,110000,815],{"class":55},[37,110002,18875],{"class":59},[37,110004,29807],{"class":55},[307,110006,110007],{"id":103011},[15,110008,102944],{},[135,110010,110011,110013],{},[138,110012,109927],{},[138,110014,110015],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[28,110017,110019],{"className":30,"code":110018,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110020,110021,110053,110071],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110022,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110024,1729],{"class":43},[37,110026,48],{"class":47},[37,110028,10605],{"class":51},[37,110030,56],{"class":55},[37,110032,285],{"class":59},[37,110034,56],{"class":55},[37,110036,65],{"class":51},[37,110038,68],{"class":55},[37,110040,777],{"class":59},[37,110042,56],{"class":55},[37,110044,65],{"class":51},[37,110046,68],{"class":55},[37,110048,1754],{"class":59},[37,110050,56],{"class":55},[37,110052,9424],{"class":51},[37,110054,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110056,1785],{"class":43},[37,110058,292],{"class":51},[37,110060,103011],{"class":102},[37,110062,95],{"class":51},[37,110064,56],{"class":55},[37,110066,18875],{"class":59},[37,110068,56],{"class":55},[37,110070,85],{"class":51},[37,110072,110073,110075,110077,110079],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,110074,92],{"class":91},[37,110076,95],{"class":51},[37,110078,1785],{"class":102},[37,110080,85],{"class":51},[20,110082,110083],{},[110,110084,112],{},[28,110086,110088],{"className":30,"code":110087,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110089,110090],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110091,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110093,9394],{"class":51},[37,110095,821],{"class":55},[37,110097,285],{"class":59},[37,110099,821],{"class":55},[37,110101,65],{"class":51},[37,110103,815],{"class":55},[37,110105,777],{"class":59},[37,110107,821],{"class":55},[37,110109,65],{"class":51},[37,110111,815],{"class":55},[37,110113,1754],{"class":59},[37,110115,821],{"class":55},[37,110117,9424],{"class":51},[20,110119,18802],{},[135,110121,110122,110127],{},[138,110123,110124,110126],{},[15,110125,55620],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[138,110128,110129,110131],{},[15,110130,102944],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110133,110134,110135,292],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[285,110136,96904,110137,10856],{"href":108547},[15,110138,102944],{},[130,110140,155],{"id":4638},[307,110142,1880,110144,97284],{"id":110143},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110145,55620],{},[20,110147,110148,110150,110151,292],{},[15,110149,55620],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110152,3904],{},[20,110154,16753],{},[28,110156,110158],{"className":30,"code":110157,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110159,110160,110192,110214],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110161,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110163,44],{"class":43},[37,110165,48],{"class":47},[37,110167,10605],{"class":51},[37,110169,56],{"class":55},[37,110171,60],{"class":59},[37,110173,56],{"class":55},[37,110175,65],{"class":51},[37,110177,68],{"class":55},[37,110179,80],{"class":59},[37,110181,56],{"class":55},[37,110183,65],{"class":51},[37,110185,68],{"class":55},[37,110187,71],{"class":59},[37,110189,56],{"class":55},[37,110191,9424],{"class":51},[37,110193,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110195,13228],{"class":43},[37,110197,48],{"class":47},[37,110199,13233],{"class":43},[37,110201,292],{"class":51},[37,110203,34902],{"class":102},[37,110205,95],{"class":51},[37,110207,56],{"class":55},[37,110209,80],{"class":59},[37,110211,56],{"class":55},[37,110213,85],{"class":51},[37,110215,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,110217,92],{"class":91},[37,110219,95],{"class":51},[37,110221,13252],{"class":102},[37,110223,85],{"class":51},[20,110225,110226],{},[110,110227,112],{},[28,110229,110230],{"className":30,"code":11920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,110231,110232],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110233,110234],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110235,11920],{"class":3977},[20,110237,16765],{},[28,110239,110240],{"className":30,"code":109450,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,110241,110242,110274,110292],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110243,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110245,44],{"class":43},[37,110247,48],{"class":47},[37,110249,10605],{"class":51},[37,110251,56],{"class":55},[37,110253,60],{"class":59},[37,110255,56],{"class":55},[37,110257,65],{"class":51},[37,110259,68],{"class":55},[37,110261,80],{"class":59},[37,110263,56],{"class":55},[37,110265,65],{"class":51},[37,110267,68],{"class":55},[37,110269,71],{"class":59},[37,110271,56],{"class":55},[37,110273,9424],{"class":51},[37,110275,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110277,103],{"class":43},[37,110279,292],{"class":51},[37,110281,34902],{"class":102},[37,110283,95],{"class":51},[37,110285,56],{"class":55},[37,110287,80],{"class":59},[37,110289,56],{"class":55},[37,110291,85],{"class":51},[37,110293,110294,110296,110298,110300],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,110295,92],{"class":91},[37,110297,95],{"class":51},[37,110299,103],{"class":102},[37,110301,85],{"class":51},[307,110303,110305],{"id":110304},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110307,110308,110309,292],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110310,19795],{},[28,110312,110314],{"className":30,"code":110313,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110315,110316,110340],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110317,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110319,44],{"class":43},[37,110321,48],{"class":47},[37,110323,10605],{"class":51},[37,110325,56],{"class":55},[37,110327,60],{"class":59},[37,110329,56],{"class":55},[37,110331,65],{"class":51},[37,110333,68],{"class":55},[37,110335,80],{"class":59},[37,110337,56],{"class":55},[37,110339,9424],{"class":51},[37,110341,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110343,103],{"class":43},[37,110345,292],{"class":51},[37,110347,34902],{"class":102},[37,110349,95],{"class":51},[37,110351,56],{"class":55},[37,110353,71],{"class":59},[37,110355,56],{"class":55},[37,110357,85],{"class":51},[20,110359,110360,110361,3013],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110362,1773],{},[28,110364,110366],{"className":30,"code":110365,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110367,110368,110392,110396,110412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110369,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110371,44],{"class":43},[37,110373,48],{"class":47},[37,110375,10605],{"class":51},[37,110377,56],{"class":55},[37,110379,60],{"class":59},[37,110381,56],{"class":55},[37,110383,65],{"class":51},[37,110385,68],{"class":55},[37,110387,80],{"class":59},[37,110389,56],{"class":55},[37,110391,9424],{"class":51},[37,110393,110394],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110395,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,110397,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,110399,1484],{"class":1483},[37,110401,68],{"class":55},[37,110403,71],{"class":59},[37,110405,56],{"class":55},[37,110407,21280],{"class":47},[37,110409,13233],{"class":43},[37,110411,1501],{"class":51},[37,110413,110414,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,110415,110416],{"class":43},"    colors",[37,110418,292],{"class":51},[37,110420,34902],{"class":102},[37,110422,95],{"class":51},[37,110424,56],{"class":55},[37,110426,71],{"class":59},[37,110428,56],{"class":55},[37,110430,85],{"class":51},[20,110432,110433,110434,110438],{},"Or use ",[285,110435,110436],{"href":108547},[15,110437,102944],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[307,110440,37306,110442,8823,110444],{"id":110441},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110443,102958],{},[15,110445,55166],{},[20,110447,110448],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110450,110451,110452,110454],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110453,102958],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110456,110457,110458,292],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[285,110459,99168],{"href":99167},[307,110461,110463],{"id":110462},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110465,108453],{},[20,110467,110468],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[130,110470,1969],{"id":1968},[307,110472,1983,110474,97383],{"id":110473},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110475,102958],{},[20,110477,110478,110479,292],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110480,3904],{},[307,110482,30395,110484,110486],{"id":110483},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110485,102958],{}," raise?",[20,110488,30401,110489,110491],{},[15,110490,19795],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[307,110493,21527,110495,3006,110497,2623],{"id":110494},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110496,55620],{},[15,110498,102944],{},[20,110500,22,110501,110503,110504,110506],{},[15,110502,55620],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110505,102944],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[307,110508,5290,110510,110512],{"id":110509},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110511,102958],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110514,110515],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[130,110517,2025],{"id":2024},[135,110519,110520,110526,110532,110536,110540],{},[138,110521,110522],{},[285,110523,96904,110524,10856],{"href":108547},[15,110525,102944],{},[138,110527,110528],{},[285,110529,96904,110530,10856],{"href":98304},[15,110531,12875],{},[138,110533,110534],{},[285,110535,97428],{"href":97973},[138,110537,110538],{},[285,110539,100434],{"href":99167},[138,110541,110542],{},[285,110543,11377],{"href":11190},[2052,110545,110546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":110548},[110549,110550,110552,110553,110554,110555,110560,110568,110578],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":109550,"depth":88,"text":110551},"What set.remove() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":109801,"depth":88,"text":109802},{"id":109906,"depth":88,"text":110556,"children":110557},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110558,110559],{"id":34902,"depth":251,"text":55620},{"id":103011,"depth":251,"text":102944},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":110561},[110562,110564,110565,110567],{"id":110143,"depth":251,"text":110563},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110304,"depth":251,"text":110305},{"id":110441,"depth":251,"text":110566},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110462,"depth":251,"text":110463},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":110569},[110570,110572,110574,110576],{"id":110473,"depth":251,"text":110571},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110483,"depth":251,"text":110573},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110494,"depth":251,"text":110575},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110509,"depth":251,"text":110577},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109424,"description":110579},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110586,"title":110587,"body":110588,"description":111961,"extension":2099,"meta":111962,"navigation":254,"path":111963,"seo":111964,"stem":111965,"__hash__":111966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110589,"toc":111936},[110590,110596,110602,110605,110608,110622,110624,110705,110708,110713,110717,110731,110738,110740,110759,110762,110780,110782,110862,110864,110889,110893,110896,110904,110909,110914,110916,110929,110934,110937,110961,110964,110972,110974,110977,111074,111076,111109,111111,111137,111144,111147,111151,111159,111163,111171,111173,111263,111265,111279,111286,111291,111296,111298,111389,111391,111403,111405,111419,111425,111433,111435,111517,111519,111564,111567,111575,111578,111580,111584,111627,111629,111649,111654,111656,111741,111743,111748,111750,111757,111765,111771,111774,111776,111862,111864,111888,111892,111895,111897,111924,111934],[10,110591,96290,110593,11437],{"id":110592},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110594,110595],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110597,110598,110601],{},[15,110599,110600],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110603,110604],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110606,110607],{},"Use it when:",[135,110609,110610,110613,110619],{},[138,110611,110612],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[138,110614,110615,110616,110618],{},"you do ",[110,110617,711],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[138,110620,110621],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[130,110623,3734],{"id":3733},[28,110625,110627],{"className":30,"code":110626,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110628,110629,110649,110669,110673,110692],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110630,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110632,722],{"class":43},[37,110634,48],{"class":47},[37,110636,10605],{"class":51},[37,110638,501],{"class":122},[37,110640,65],{"class":51},[37,110642,890],{"class":122},[37,110644,65],{"class":51},[37,110646,513],{"class":122},[37,110648,9424],{"class":51},[37,110650,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110652,735],{"class":43},[37,110654,48],{"class":47},[37,110656,10605],{"class":51},[37,110658,1129],{"class":122},[37,110660,65],{"class":51},[37,110662,1134],{"class":122},[37,110664,65],{"class":51},[37,110666,527],{"class":122},[37,110668,9424],{"class":51},[37,110670,110671],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,110672,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,110674,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110686,110688,110690],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,110676,2362],{"class":43},[37,110678,48],{"class":47},[37,110680,56979],{"class":43},[37,110682,292],{"class":51},[37,110684,110685],{"class":102},"symmetric_difference",[37,110687,95],{"class":51},[37,110689,777],{"class":102},[37,110691,85],{"class":51},[37,110693,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,110695,92],{"class":91},[37,110697,95],{"class":51},[37,110699,2397],{"class":102},[37,110701,18],{"class":51},[37,110703,110704],{"class":3788},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110706,110707],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[130,110709,296,110711,3805],{"id":110710},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110712,110595],{},[20,110714,110715,3013],{},[15,110716,110600],{},[135,110718,110719,110722,110725,110728],{},[138,110720,110721],{},"returns a new set",[138,110723,110724],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[138,110726,110727],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[138,110729,110730],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110732,96414,110733,3006,110735,292],{},[285,110734,96418],{"href":96417},[285,110736,110737],{"href":96421},"creating a set in Python",[130,110739,159],{"id":158},[28,110741,110743],{"className":30,"code":110742,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110744,110745],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110746,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110748,100675],{"class":43},[37,110750,292],{"class":51},[37,110752,110685],{"class":102},[37,110754,95],{"class":51},[37,110756,100684],{"class":102},[37,110758,85],{"class":51},[20,110760,110761],{},"Notes:",[135,110763,110764,110769,110774,110777],{},[138,110765,110766,110768],{},[15,110767,100675],{}," must be a set",[138,110770,110771,110773],{},[15,110772,100684],{}," can be any iterable",[138,110775,110776],{},"the result is always a set",[138,110778,110779],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110781,197],{},[28,110783,110785],{"className":30,"code":110784,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110786,110787,110808,110829,110833,110852],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110788,110789,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110790,110791],{"class":43},"set1 ",[37,110793,48],{"class":47},[37,110795,10605],{"class":51},[37,110797,501],{"class":122},[37,110799,65],{"class":51},[37,110801,890],{"class":122},[37,110803,65],{"class":51},[37,110805,513],{"class":122},[37,110807,9424],{"class":51},[37,110809,110810,110813,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,110811,110812],{"class":43},"set2 ",[37,110814,48],{"class":47},[37,110816,10605],{"class":51},[37,110818,1129],{"class":122},[37,110820,65],{"class":51},[37,110822,1134],{"class":122},[37,110824,65],{"class":51},[37,110826,527],{"class":122},[37,110828,9424],{"class":51},[37,110830,110831],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,110832,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,110834,110835,110837,110839,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,110836,2362],{"class":43},[37,110838,48],{"class":47},[37,110840,110841],{"class":43}," set1",[37,110843,292],{"class":51},[37,110845,110685],{"class":102},[37,110847,95],{"class":51},[37,110849,100684],{"class":102},[37,110851,85],{"class":51},[37,110853,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,110855,92],{"class":91},[37,110857,95],{"class":51},[37,110859,2397],{"class":102},[37,110861,85],{"class":51},[20,110863,112],{},[28,110865,110867],{"className":30,"code":110866,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110868,110869],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110870,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110872,9394],{"class":51},[37,110874,501],{"class":122},[37,110876,65],{"class":51},[37,110878,890],{"class":122},[37,110880,65],{"class":51},[37,110882,1134],{"class":122},[37,110884,65],{"class":51},[37,110886,527],{"class":122},[37,110888,9424],{"class":51},[130,110890,110892],{"id":110891},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110894,110895],{},"The result includes:",[135,110897,110898,110901],{},[138,110899,110900],{},"items only in the first set",[138,110902,110903],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110905,110906,110907,11199],{},"The result does ",[110,110908,711],{},[135,110910,110911],{},[138,110912,110913],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110915,5593],{},[135,110917,110918,110923],{},[138,110919,110920,110921],{},"first set: ",[15,110922,100372],{},[138,110924,110925,110926],{},"second set: ",[15,110927,110928],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110930,4173,110931,110933],{},[15,110932,1129],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110935,110936],{},"The output is:",[28,110938,110939],{"className":30,"code":110866,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,110940,110941],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110942,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110944,9394],{"class":51},[37,110946,501],{"class":122},[37,110948,65],{"class":51},[37,110950,890],{"class":122},[37,110952,65],{"class":51},[37,110954,1134],{"class":122},[37,110956,65],{"class":51},[37,110958,527],{"class":122},[37,110960,9424],{"class":51},[20,110962,110963],{},"Also remember:",[135,110965,110966,110969],{},[138,110967,110968],{},"sets are unordered",[138,110970,110971],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[130,110973,11590],{"id":11589},[20,110975,110976],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[28,110978,110980],{"className":30,"code":110979,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110981,110982,111014,111038,111042,111060,111064],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,110983,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,110985,107115],{"class":43},[37,110987,48],{"class":47},[37,110989,10605],{"class":51},[37,110991,56],{"class":55},[37,110993,60],{"class":59},[37,110995,56],{"class":55},[37,110997,65],{"class":51},[37,110999,68],{"class":55},[37,111001,80],{"class":59},[37,111003,56],{"class":55},[37,111005,65],{"class":51},[37,111007,68],{"class":55},[37,111009,71],{"class":59},[37,111011,56],{"class":55},[37,111013,9424],{"class":51},[37,111015,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111017,107148],{"class":43},[37,111019,48],{"class":47},[37,111021,10605],{"class":51},[37,111023,56],{"class":55},[37,111025,71],{"class":59},[37,111027,56],{"class":55},[37,111029,65],{"class":51},[37,111031,68],{"class":55},[37,111033,627],{"class":59},[37,111035,56],{"class":55},[37,111037,9424],{"class":51},[37,111039,111040],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,111041,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,111043,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,111045,2362],{"class":43},[37,111047,48],{"class":47},[37,111049,107190],{"class":43},[37,111051,292],{"class":51},[37,111053,110685],{"class":102},[37,111055,95],{"class":51},[37,111057,107199],{"class":102},[37,111059,85],{"class":51},[37,111061,111062],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,111063,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,111065,111066,111068,111070,111072],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,111067,92],{"class":91},[37,111069,95],{"class":51},[37,111071,2397],{"class":102},[37,111073,85],{"class":51},[20,111075,112],{},[28,111077,111079],{"className":30,"code":111078,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111080,111081],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111082,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111084,9394],{"class":51},[37,111086,821],{"class":55},[37,111088,60],{"class":59},[37,111090,821],{"class":55},[37,111092,65],{"class":51},[37,111094,815],{"class":55},[37,111096,80],{"class":59},[37,111098,821],{"class":55},[37,111100,65],{"class":51},[37,111102,815],{"class":55},[37,111104,627],{"class":59},[37,111106,821],{"class":55},[37,111108,9424],{"class":51},[20,111110,13518],{},[135,111112,111113,111118,111129],{},[138,111114,111115,111117],{},[15,111116,96583],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[138,111119,111120,851,111122,111125,111126,111128],{},[15,111121,65483],{},[15,111123,111124],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111127,107252],{},", so they stay",[138,111130,111131,111133,111134,111136],{},[15,111132,109891],{}," is only in ",[15,111135,107199],{},", so it stays",[130,111138,111140,10700,111142],{"id":111139},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111141,110595],{},[15,111143,100504],{},[20,111145,111146],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111148,111149,3013],{},[15,111150,100504],{},[135,111152,111153,111156],{},[138,111154,111155],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[138,111157,111158],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111160,111161,3013],{},[15,111162,110595],{},[135,111164,111165,111168],{},[138,111166,111167],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[138,111169,111170],{},"removes shared items",[20,111172,197],{},[28,111174,111176],{"className":30,"code":111175,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111177,111178,111198,111218,111222,111243],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111179,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111181,722],{"class":43},[37,111183,48],{"class":47},[37,111185,10605],{"class":51},[37,111187,501],{"class":122},[37,111189,65],{"class":51},[37,111191,890],{"class":122},[37,111193,65],{"class":51},[37,111195,513],{"class":122},[37,111197,9424],{"class":51},[37,111199,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111201,735],{"class":43},[37,111203,48],{"class":47},[37,111205,10605],{"class":51},[37,111207,1129],{"class":122},[37,111209,65],{"class":51},[37,111211,1134],{"class":122},[37,111213,65],{"class":51},[37,111215,527],{"class":122},[37,111217,9424],{"class":51},[37,111219,111220],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,111221,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,111223,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,111225,92],{"class":91},[37,111227,95],{"class":51},[37,111229,285],{"class":102},[37,111231,292],{"class":51},[37,111233,2940],{"class":102},[37,111235,95],{"class":51},[37,111237,777],{"class":102},[37,111239,5482],{"class":51},[37,111241,111242],{"class":3788},"            # {1, 2}\n",[37,111244,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,111246,92],{"class":91},[37,111248,95],{"class":51},[37,111250,285],{"class":102},[37,111252,292],{"class":51},[37,111254,110685],{"class":102},[37,111256,95],{"class":51},[37,111258,777],{"class":102},[37,111260,5482],{"class":51},[37,111262,110704],{"class":3788},[20,111264,18802],{},[135,111266,111267,111274],{},[138,111268,111269,111273],{},[285,111270,111271],{"href":102930},[15,111272,100504],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[138,111275,111276,111278],{},[15,111277,110595],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[130,111280,111282,10700,111284],{"id":111281},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111283,110595],{},[15,111285,102889],{},[20,111287,111288,111290],{},[15,111289,102889],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111292,111293,111295],{},[15,111294,110595],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111297,197],{},[28,111299,111301],{"className":30,"code":111300,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111302,111303,111323,111343,111347,111369],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111304,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111306,722],{"class":43},[37,111308,48],{"class":47},[37,111310,10605],{"class":51},[37,111312,501],{"class":122},[37,111314,65],{"class":51},[37,111316,890],{"class":122},[37,111318,65],{"class":51},[37,111320,513],{"class":122},[37,111322,9424],{"class":51},[37,111324,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339,111341],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111326,735],{"class":43},[37,111328,48],{"class":47},[37,111330,10605],{"class":51},[37,111332,1129],{"class":122},[37,111334,65],{"class":51},[37,111336,1134],{"class":122},[37,111338,65],{"class":51},[37,111340,527],{"class":122},[37,111342,9424],{"class":51},[37,111344,111345],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,111346,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,111348,111349,111351,111353,111355,111357,111360,111362,111364,111366],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,111350,92],{"class":91},[37,111352,95],{"class":51},[37,111354,285],{"class":102},[37,111356,292],{"class":51},[37,111358,111359],{"class":102},"union",[37,111361,95],{"class":51},[37,111363,777],{"class":102},[37,111365,5482],{"class":51},[37,111367,111368],{"class":3788},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[37,111370,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,111372,92],{"class":91},[37,111374,95],{"class":51},[37,111376,285],{"class":102},[37,111378,292],{"class":51},[37,111380,110685],{"class":102},[37,111382,95],{"class":51},[37,111384,777],{"class":102},[37,111386,5482],{"class":51},[37,111388,110704],{"class":3788},[20,111390,27327],{},[135,111392,111393,111398],{},[138,111394,111395,111397],{},[15,111396,102889],{}," includes everything",[138,111399,111400,111402],{},[15,111401,110595],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111404,18802],{},[135,111406,111407,111414],{},[138,111408,111409,111413],{},[285,111410,111411],{"href":107820},[15,111412,102889],{}," when overlap does not matter",[138,111415,111416,111418],{},[15,111417,110595],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[130,111420,36714,111422,101688],{"id":111421},"using-the-operator",[15,111423,111424],{},"^",[20,111426,111427,111428,111430,111431,292],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111429,111424],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111432,110595],{},[20,111434,197],{},[28,111436,111438],{"className":30,"code":111437,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111439,111440,111460,111480,111484,111502],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111441,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111443,110791],{"class":43},[37,111445,48],{"class":47},[37,111447,10605],{"class":51},[37,111449,501],{"class":122},[37,111451,65],{"class":51},[37,111453,890],{"class":122},[37,111455,65],{"class":51},[37,111457,513],{"class":122},[37,111459,9424],{"class":51},[37,111461,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111463,110812],{"class":43},[37,111465,48],{"class":47},[37,111467,10605],{"class":51},[37,111469,1129],{"class":122},[37,111471,65],{"class":51},[37,111473,1134],{"class":122},[37,111475,65],{"class":51},[37,111477,527],{"class":122},[37,111479,9424],{"class":51},[37,111481,111482],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,111483,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,111485,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,111487,92],{"class":91},[37,111489,95],{"class":51},[37,111491,100675],{"class":102},[37,111493,292],{"class":51},[37,111495,110685],{"class":102},[37,111497,95],{"class":51},[37,111499,100684],{"class":102},[37,111501,106],{"class":51},[37,111503,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111515],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,111505,92],{"class":91},[37,111507,95],{"class":51},[37,111509,110791],{"class":102},[37,111511,111424],{"class":47},[37,111513,111514],{"class":102}," set2",[37,111516,85],{"class":51},[20,111518,30137],{},[28,111520,111522],{"className":30,"code":111521,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111523,111524,111544],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111525,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111527,9394],{"class":51},[37,111529,501],{"class":122},[37,111531,65],{"class":51},[37,111533,890],{"class":122},[37,111535,65],{"class":51},[37,111537,1134],{"class":122},[37,111539,65],{"class":51},[37,111541,527],{"class":122},[37,111543,9424],{"class":51},[37,111545,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111547,9394],{"class":51},[37,111549,501],{"class":122},[37,111551,65],{"class":51},[37,111553,890],{"class":122},[37,111555,65],{"class":51},[37,111557,1134],{"class":122},[37,111559,65],{"class":51},[37,111561,527],{"class":122},[37,111563,9424],{"class":51},[20,111565,111566],{},"Both forms:",[135,111568,111569,111572],{},[138,111570,111571],{},"return a new set",[138,111573,111574],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111576,111577],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[130,111579,155],{"id":4638},[20,111581,21318,111582,3013],{},[15,111583,110595],{},[135,111585,111586,111594,111604,111619],{},[138,111587,111588,111591,111593],{},[110,111589,111590],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9961,111592],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[138,111595,111596,111599,111601,111603],{},[110,111597,111598],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9961,111600],{},[15,111602,110595],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[138,111605,111606,111611,111613,111615,111616,111618],{},[110,111607,111608,111609],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111610,100504],{},[9961,111612],{},[15,111614,100504],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111617,110595],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[138,111620,111621,111624,111626],{},[110,111622,111623],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9961,111625],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111628,58954],{},[135,111630,111631,111640,111643,111646],{},[138,111632,50585,111633,44727,111635,111639],{},[15,111634,110595],{},[285,111636,111637],{"href":107820},[15,111638,102889],{}," is actually needed",[138,111641,111642],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[138,111644,111645],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[138,111647,111648],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111650,111651,111652,292],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[285,111653,99168],{"href":105433},[20,111655,62386],{},[28,111657,111659],{"className":30,"code":111658,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111660,111661,111671,111681,111699,111713,111727],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111662,111663,111665,111667,111669],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111664,92],{"class":91},[37,111666,95],{"class":51},[37,111668,100675],{"class":102},[37,111670,85],{"class":51},[37,111672,111673,111675,111677,111679],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111674,92],{"class":91},[37,111676,95],{"class":51},[37,111678,100684],{"class":102},[37,111680,85],{"class":51},[37,111682,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,111684,92],{"class":91},[37,111686,95],{"class":51},[37,111688,100675],{"class":102},[37,111690,292],{"class":51},[37,111692,110685],{"class":102},[37,111694,95],{"class":51},[37,111696,100684],{"class":102},[37,111698,106],{"class":51},[37,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,111702,92],{"class":91},[37,111704,95],{"class":51},[37,111706,110791],{"class":102},[37,111708,111424],{"class":47},[37,111710,111514],{"class":102},[37,111712,85],{"class":51},[37,111714,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,111716,92],{"class":91},[37,111718,95],{"class":51},[37,111720,757],{"class":756},[37,111722,95],{"class":51},[37,111724,100675],{"class":102},[37,111726,106],{"class":51},[37,111728,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,111730,92],{"class":91},[37,111732,95],{"class":51},[37,111734,757],{"class":756},[37,111736,95],{"class":51},[37,111738,100684],{"class":102},[37,111740,106],{"class":51},[130,111742,1969],{"id":1968},[307,111744,1983,111746,102829],{"id":111745},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111747,110595],{},[20,111749,102832],{},[307,111751,5300,111753,851,111755,2623],{"id":111752},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111754,110595],{},[15,111756,100504],{},[20,111758,111759,111761,111762,111764],{},[15,111760,100504],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111763,110595],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[307,111766,28435,111768,111770],{"id":111767},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111769,110595],{}," with lists?",[20,111772,111773],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111775,197],{},[28,111777,111779],{"className":30,"code":111778,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111780,111781,111801,111821,111825,111852],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111782,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111784,80745],{"class":43},[37,111786,48],{"class":47},[37,111788,519],{"class":51},[37,111790,501],{"class":122},[37,111792,65],{"class":51},[37,111794,890],{"class":122},[37,111796,65],{"class":51},[37,111798,513],{"class":122},[37,111800,3760],{"class":51},[37,111802,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,111804,80766],{"class":43},[37,111806,48],{"class":47},[37,111808,519],{"class":51},[37,111810,1129],{"class":122},[37,111812,65],{"class":51},[37,111814,1134],{"class":122},[37,111816,65],{"class":51},[37,111818,527],{"class":122},[37,111820,3760],{"class":51},[37,111822,111823],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,111824,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,111826,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,111828,2362],{"class":43},[37,111830,48],{"class":47},[37,111832,15742],{"class":756},[37,111834,95],{"class":51},[37,111836,111837],{"class":102},"list1",[37,111839,8749],{"class":51},[37,111841,110685],{"class":102},[37,111843,95],{"class":51},[37,111845,6408],{"class":756},[37,111847,95],{"class":51},[37,111849,81032],{"class":102},[37,111851,106],{"class":51},[37,111853,111854,111856,111858,111860],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,111855,92],{"class":91},[37,111857,95],{"class":51},[37,111859,2397],{"class":102},[37,111861,85],{"class":51},[20,111863,112],{},[28,111865,111866],{"className":30,"code":110866,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,111867,111868],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,111869,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,111871,9394],{"class":51},[37,111873,501],{"class":122},[37,111875,65],{"class":51},[37,111877,890],{"class":122},[37,111879,65],{"class":51},[37,111881,1134],{"class":122},[37,111883,65],{"class":51},[37,111885,527],{"class":122},[37,111887,9424],{"class":51},[307,111889,111891],{"id":111890},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111893,111894],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[130,111896,2025],{"id":2024},[135,111898,111899,111903,111908,111914,111920],{},[138,111900,111901],{},[285,111902,96418],{"href":96417},[138,111904,111905],{},[285,111906,111907],{"href":96421},"Creating a set in Python",[138,111909,111910],{},[285,111911,96904,111912,10856],{"href":102930},[15,111913,100504],{},[138,111915,111916],{},[285,111917,96904,111918,10856],{"href":107820},[15,111919,102889],{},[138,111921,111922],{},[285,111923,100434],{"href":105433},[20,111925,111926,111927,2321,111929,17181,111931,111933],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111928,100504],{},[15,111930,102889],{},[15,111932,110595],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2052,111935,57333],{},{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":111937},[111938,111939,111941,111942,111943,111944,111946,111948,111950,111951,111960],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":110710,"depth":88,"text":111940},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":110891,"depth":88,"text":110892},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":111139,"depth":88,"text":111945},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111281,"depth":88,"text":111947},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111421,"depth":88,"text":111949},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":111952},[111953,111955,111957,111959],{"id":111745,"depth":251,"text":111954},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111752,"depth":251,"text":111956},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111767,"depth":251,"text":111958},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111890,"depth":251,"text":111891},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110587,"description":111961},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111968,"title":111969,"body":111970,"description":114033,"extension":2099,"meta":114034,"navigation":254,"path":107820,"seo":114035,"stem":114036,"__hash__":114037},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111971,"toc":113992},[111972,111977,111982,111985,111998,112000,112082,112087,112092,112096,112108,112111,112115,112117,112144,112146,112157,112160,112229,112231,112237,112240,112250,112252,112341,112346,112348,112355,112358,112360,112363,112483,112485,112554,112557,112574,112579,112582,112698,112700,112729,112732,112738,112743,112747,112828,112830,112858,112863,112867,112962,112964,113005,113009,113012,113079,113081,113122,113128,113143,113150,113157,113161,113167,113253,113257,113265,113336,113341,113348,113350,113356,113358,113423,113425,113441,113446,113449,113518,113522,113525,113584,113587,113591,113644,113657,113660,113713,113717,113719,113750,113753,113758,113811,113815,113818,113839,113851,113853,113906,113908,113913,113915,113921,113924,113930,113935,113939,113942,113950,113959,113961,113989],[10,111973,288,111975,11437],{"id":111974},"python-setunion-method",[15,111976,108133],{},[20,111978,111979,111981],{},[15,111980,108133],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111983,111984],{},"It is useful when you want:",[135,111986,111987,111990,111995],{},[138,111988,111989],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[138,111991,722,111992,111994],{},[110,111993,100859],{}," as the result",[138,111996,111997],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[130,111999,2140],{"id":2139},[28,112001,112003],{"className":30,"code":112002,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112004,112005,112025,112045,112049,112067,112077],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112006,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112008,110791],{"class":43},[37,112010,48],{"class":47},[37,112012,10605],{"class":51},[37,112014,501],{"class":122},[37,112016,65],{"class":51},[37,112018,890],{"class":122},[37,112020,65],{"class":51},[37,112022,513],{"class":122},[37,112024,9424],{"class":51},[37,112026,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112028,110812],{"class":43},[37,112030,48],{"class":47},[37,112032,10605],{"class":51},[37,112034,1129],{"class":122},[37,112036,65],{"class":51},[37,112038,1134],{"class":122},[37,112040,65],{"class":51},[37,112042,527],{"class":122},[37,112044,9424],{"class":51},[37,112046,112047],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112048,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112050,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112052,2362],{"class":43},[37,112054,48],{"class":47},[37,112056,110841],{"class":43},[37,112058,292],{"class":51},[37,112060,111359],{"class":102},[37,112062,95],{"class":51},[37,112064,100684],{"class":102},[37,112066,85],{"class":51},[37,112068,112069,112071,112073,112075],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112070,92],{"class":91},[37,112072,95],{"class":51},[37,112074,2397],{"class":102},[37,112076,85],{"class":51},[37,112078,112079],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,112080,112081],{"class":3788},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112083,112084,112086],{},[15,112085,102889],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[130,112088,296,112090,3805],{"id":112089},"what-setunion-does",[15,112091,108133],{},[20,112093,112094,3013],{},[15,112095,108133],{},[135,112097,112098,112101,112104,112106],{},[138,112099,112100],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[138,112102,112103],{},"keeps only unique values",[138,112105,110721],{},[138,112107,110730],{},[20,112109,112110],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112112,96414,112113,292],{},[285,112114,96418],{"href":97589},[130,112116,159],{"id":158},[28,112118,112120],{"className":30,"code":112119,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112121,112122],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112123,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112125,100675],{"class":43},[37,112127,292],{"class":51},[37,112129,111359],{"class":102},[37,112131,95],{"class":51},[37,112133,100684],{"class":102},[37,112135,65],{"class":51},[37,112137,100711],{"class":102},[37,112139,65],{"class":51},[37,112141,34561],{"class":91},[37,112143,85],{"class":51},[20,112145,13164],{},[135,112147,112148,112151,112154],{},[138,112149,112150],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[138,112152,112153],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[138,112155,112156],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112158,112159],{},"Example with two sets:",[28,112161,112163],{"className":30,"code":112162,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112164,112165,112181,112197,112201,112219],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112166,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112168,722],{"class":43},[37,112170,48],{"class":47},[37,112172,10605],{"class":51},[37,112174,501],{"class":122},[37,112176,65],{"class":51},[37,112178,890],{"class":122},[37,112180,9424],{"class":51},[37,112182,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112184,735],{"class":43},[37,112186,48],{"class":47},[37,112188,10605],{"class":51},[37,112190,508],{"class":122},[37,112192,65],{"class":51},[37,112194,513],{"class":122},[37,112196,9424],{"class":51},[37,112198,112199],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112200,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112202,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112204,2362],{"class":43},[37,112206,48],{"class":47},[37,112208,56979],{"class":43},[37,112210,292],{"class":51},[37,112212,111359],{"class":102},[37,112214,95],{"class":51},[37,112216,777],{"class":102},[37,112218,85],{"class":51},[37,112220,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112222,92],{"class":91},[37,112224,95],{"class":51},[37,112226,2397],{"class":102},[37,112228,85],{"class":51},[130,112230,22077],{"id":22076},[20,112232,112233,100856,112235,292],{},[15,112234,108133],{},[110,112236,100859],{},[20,112238,112239],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[135,112241,112242,112245],{},[138,112243,112244],{},"the original set",[138,112246,112247,112248],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112249,102889],{},[20,112251,197],{},[28,112253,112255],{"className":30,"code":112254,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112256,112257,112273,112289,112293,112311,112315,112328],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112258,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112260,722],{"class":43},[37,112262,48],{"class":47},[37,112264,10605],{"class":51},[37,112266,501],{"class":122},[37,112268,65],{"class":51},[37,112270,890],{"class":122},[37,112272,9424],{"class":51},[37,112274,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112276,735],{"class":43},[37,112278,48],{"class":47},[37,112280,10605],{"class":51},[37,112282,508],{"class":122},[37,112284,65],{"class":51},[37,112286,513],{"class":122},[37,112288,9424],{"class":51},[37,112290,112291],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112292,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112294,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112296,2362],{"class":43},[37,112298,48],{"class":47},[37,112300,56979],{"class":43},[37,112302,292],{"class":51},[37,112304,111359],{"class":102},[37,112306,95],{"class":51},[37,112308,777],{"class":102},[37,112310,85],{"class":51},[37,112312,112313],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112314,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112316,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,112318,92],{"class":91},[37,112320,95],{"class":51},[37,112322,2397],{"class":102},[37,112324,18],{"class":51},[37,112326,112327],{"class":3788},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[37,112329,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,112331,92],{"class":91},[37,112333,95],{"class":51},[37,112335,285],{"class":102},[37,112337,18],{"class":51},[37,112339,112340],{"class":3788},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112342,2419,112343,112345],{},[15,112344,285],{}," did not change.",[20,112347,110963],{},[135,112349,112350,112352],{},[138,112351,110968],{},[138,112353,112354],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112356,112357],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[130,112359,11590],{"id":11589},[20,112361,112362],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[28,112364,112366],{"className":30,"code":112365,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112367,112368,112401,112434,112438,112458,112462,112472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112369,112370,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112371,112372],{"class":43},"fruits1 ",[37,112374,48],{"class":47},[37,112376,10605],{"class":51},[37,112378,56],{"class":55},[37,112380,329],{"class":59},[37,112382,56],{"class":55},[37,112384,65],{"class":51},[37,112386,68],{"class":55},[37,112388,338],{"class":59},[37,112390,56],{"class":55},[37,112392,65],{"class":51},[37,112394,68],{"class":55},[37,112396,347],{"class":59},[37,112398,56],{"class":55},[37,112400,9424],{"class":51},[37,112402,112403,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112404,112405],{"class":43},"fruits2 ",[37,112407,48],{"class":47},[37,112409,10605],{"class":51},[37,112411,56],{"class":55},[37,112413,338],{"class":59},[37,112415,56],{"class":55},[37,112417,65],{"class":51},[37,112419,68],{"class":55},[37,112421,22639],{"class":59},[37,112423,56],{"class":55},[37,112425,65],{"class":51},[37,112427,68],{"class":55},[37,112429,347],{"class":59},[37,112431,56],{"class":55},[37,112433,9424],{"class":51},[37,112435,112436],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112437,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112439,112440,112442,112444,112447,112449,112451,112453,112456],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112441,2362],{"class":43},[37,112443,48],{"class":47},[37,112445,112446],{"class":43}," fruits1",[37,112448,292],{"class":51},[37,112450,111359],{"class":102},[37,112452,95],{"class":51},[37,112454,112455],{"class":102},"fruits2",[37,112457,85],{"class":51},[37,112459,112460],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112461,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112463,112464,112466,112468,112470],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,112465,92],{"class":91},[37,112467,95],{"class":51},[37,112469,2397],{"class":102},[37,112471,85],{"class":51},[37,112473,112474,112476,112478,112481],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,112475,92],{"class":91},[37,112477,95],{"class":51},[37,112479,112480],{"class":102},"fruits1",[37,112482,85],{"class":51},[20,112484,30137],{},[28,112486,112488],{"className":30,"code":112487,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112489,112490,112526],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112491,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112493,9394],{"class":51},[37,112495,821],{"class":55},[37,112497,338],{"class":59},[37,112499,821],{"class":55},[37,112501,65],{"class":51},[37,112503,815],{"class":55},[37,112505,347],{"class":59},[37,112507,821],{"class":55},[37,112509,65],{"class":51},[37,112511,815],{"class":55},[37,112513,329],{"class":59},[37,112515,821],{"class":55},[37,112517,65],{"class":51},[37,112519,815],{"class":55},[37,112521,22639],{"class":59},[37,112523,821],{"class":55},[37,112525,9424],{"class":51},[37,112527,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112529,9394],{"class":51},[37,112531,821],{"class":55},[37,112533,338],{"class":59},[37,112535,821],{"class":55},[37,112537,65],{"class":51},[37,112539,815],{"class":55},[37,112541,347],{"class":59},[37,112543,821],{"class":55},[37,112545,65],{"class":51},[37,112547,815],{"class":55},[37,112549,329],{"class":59},[37,112551,821],{"class":55},[37,112553,9424],{"class":51},[20,112555,112556],{},"What this shows:",[135,112558,112559,112566,112569],{},[138,112560,112561,851,112563,112565],{},[15,112562,65365],{},[15,112564,65792],{}," appear in both sets",[138,112567,112568],{},"they appear only once in the result",[138,112570,112571,112573],{},[15,112572,112480],{}," stays unchanged",[130,112575,1872,112577,101248],{"id":112576},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112578,102889],{},[20,112580,112581],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[28,112583,112585],{"className":30,"code":112584,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112586,112587,112603,112619,112636,112653,112657,112684,112688],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112588,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112590,110791],{"class":43},[37,112592,48],{"class":47},[37,112594,10605],{"class":51},[37,112596,501],{"class":122},[37,112598,65],{"class":51},[37,112600,890],{"class":122},[37,112602,9424],{"class":51},[37,112604,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112606,110812],{"class":43},[37,112608,48],{"class":47},[37,112610,10605],{"class":51},[37,112612,508],{"class":122},[37,112614,65],{"class":51},[37,112616,513],{"class":122},[37,112618,9424],{"class":51},[37,112620,112621,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112622,112623],{"class":43},"set3 ",[37,112625,48],{"class":47},[37,112627,10605],{"class":51},[37,112629,1129],{"class":122},[37,112631,65],{"class":51},[37,112633,1134],{"class":122},[37,112635,9424],{"class":51},[37,112637,112638,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112639,112640],{"class":43},"set4 ",[37,112642,48],{"class":47},[37,112644,10605],{"class":51},[37,112646,522],{"class":122},[37,112648,65],{"class":51},[37,112650,527],{"class":122},[37,112652,9424],{"class":51},[37,112654,112655],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112656,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112658,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112682],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,112660,2362],{"class":43},[37,112662,48],{"class":47},[37,112664,110841],{"class":43},[37,112666,292],{"class":51},[37,112668,111359],{"class":102},[37,112670,95],{"class":51},[37,112672,100684],{"class":102},[37,112674,65],{"class":51},[37,112676,100711],{"class":102},[37,112678,65],{"class":51},[37,112680,112681],{"class":102}," set4",[37,112683,85],{"class":51},[37,112685,112686],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,112687,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112689,112690,112692,112694,112696],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,112691,92],{"class":91},[37,112693,95],{"class":51},[37,112695,2397],{"class":102},[37,112697,85],{"class":51},[20,112699,30137],{},[28,112701,112703],{"className":30,"code":112702,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112704,112705],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112706,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112708,9394],{"class":51},[37,112710,501],{"class":122},[37,112712,65],{"class":51},[37,112714,890],{"class":122},[37,112716,65],{"class":51},[37,112718,513],{"class":122},[37,112720,65],{"class":51},[37,112722,1134],{"class":122},[37,112724,65],{"class":51},[37,112726,527],{"class":122},[37,112728,9424],{"class":51},[20,112730,112731],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[130,112733,1872,112735,112737],{"id":112734},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112736,102889],{}," with other iterables",[20,112739,112740,112742],{},[15,112741,102889],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[307,112744,112746],{"id":112745},"with-a-list","With a list",[28,112748,112750],{"className":30,"code":112749,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112751,112752,112772,112796,112800,112818],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112753,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112755,207],{"class":43},[37,112757,48],{"class":47},[37,112759,10605],{"class":51},[37,112761,501],{"class":122},[37,112763,65],{"class":51},[37,112765,890],{"class":122},[37,112767,65],{"class":51},[37,112769,513],{"class":122},[37,112771,9424],{"class":51},[37,112773,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112775,61138],{"class":43},[37,112777,48],{"class":47},[37,112779,519],{"class":51},[37,112781,1129],{"class":122},[37,112783,65],{"class":51},[37,112785,1134],{"class":122},[37,112787,65],{"class":51},[37,112789,527],{"class":122},[37,112791,65],{"class":51},[37,112793,527],{"class":122},[37,112795,3760],{"class":51},[37,112797,112798],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112799,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112801,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112803,2362],{"class":43},[37,112805,48],{"class":47},[37,112807,4383],{"class":43},[37,112809,292],{"class":51},[37,112811,111359],{"class":102},[37,112813,95],{"class":51},[37,112815,61167],{"class":102},[37,112817,85],{"class":51},[37,112819,112820,112822,112824,112826],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112821,92],{"class":91},[37,112823,95],{"class":51},[37,112825,2397],{"class":102},[37,112827,85],{"class":51},[20,112829,30137],{},[28,112831,112832],{"className":30,"code":112702,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,112833,112834],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112835,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112837,9394],{"class":51},[37,112839,501],{"class":122},[37,112841,65],{"class":51},[37,112843,890],{"class":122},[37,112845,65],{"class":51},[37,112847,513],{"class":122},[37,112849,65],{"class":51},[37,112851,1134],{"class":122},[37,112853,65],{"class":51},[37,112855,527],{"class":122},[37,112857,9424],{"class":51},[20,112859,21084,112860,112862],{},[15,112861,446],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[307,112864,112866],{"id":112865},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[28,112868,112870],{"className":30,"code":112869,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112871,112872,112896,112929,112933,112952],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112873,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112875,1729],{"class":43},[37,112877,48],{"class":47},[37,112879,10605],{"class":51},[37,112881,56],{"class":55},[37,112883,285],{"class":59},[37,112885,56],{"class":55},[37,112887,65],{"class":51},[37,112889,68],{"class":55},[37,112891,777],{"class":59},[37,112893,56],{"class":55},[37,112895,9424],{"class":51},[37,112897,112898,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,112899,112900],{"class":43},"more_letters ",[37,112902,48],{"class":47},[37,112904,52],{"class":51},[37,112906,56],{"class":55},[37,112908,777],{"class":59},[37,112910,56],{"class":55},[37,112912,65],{"class":51},[37,112914,68],{"class":55},[37,112916,1754],{"class":59},[37,112918,56],{"class":55},[37,112920,65],{"class":51},[37,112922,68],{"class":55},[37,112924,18875],{"class":59},[37,112926,56],{"class":55},[37,112928,85],{"class":51},[37,112930,112931],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,112932,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,112934,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112950],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,112936,2362],{"class":43},[37,112938,48],{"class":47},[37,112940,1802],{"class":43},[37,112942,292],{"class":51},[37,112944,111359],{"class":102},[37,112946,95],{"class":51},[37,112948,112949],{"class":102},"more_letters",[37,112951,85],{"class":51},[37,112953,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,112955,92],{"class":91},[37,112957,95],{"class":51},[37,112959,2397],{"class":102},[37,112961,85],{"class":51},[20,112963,30137],{},[28,112965,112967],{"className":30,"code":112966,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112968,112969],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,112970,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,112972,9394],{"class":51},[37,112974,821],{"class":55},[37,112976,285],{"class":59},[37,112978,821],{"class":55},[37,112980,65],{"class":51},[37,112982,815],{"class":55},[37,112984,777],{"class":59},[37,112986,821],{"class":55},[37,112988,65],{"class":51},[37,112990,815],{"class":55},[37,112992,1754],{"class":59},[37,112994,821],{"class":55},[37,112996,65],{"class":51},[37,112998,815],{"class":55},[37,113000,18875],{"class":59},[37,113002,821],{"class":55},[37,113004,9424],{"class":51},[307,113006,113008],{"id":113007},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113010,113011],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[28,113013,113015],{"className":30,"code":113014,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113016,113017,113042,113065,113069],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113018,113019,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113020,113021],{"class":43},"chars ",[37,113023,48],{"class":47},[37,113025,10605],{"class":51},[37,113027,56],{"class":55},[37,113029,285],{"class":59},[37,113031,56],{"class":55},[37,113033,65],{"class":51},[37,113035,68],{"class":55},[37,113037,777],{"class":59},[37,113039,56],{"class":55},[37,113041,9424],{"class":51},[37,113043,113044,113046,113048,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113045,2362],{"class":43},[37,113047,48],{"class":47},[37,113049,113050],{"class":43}," chars",[37,113052,292],{"class":51},[37,113054,111359],{"class":102},[37,113056,95],{"class":51},[37,113058,56],{"class":55},[37,113060,37149],{"class":59},[37,113062,56],{"class":55},[37,113064,85],{"class":51},[37,113066,113067],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113068,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113070,113071,113073,113075,113077],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113072,92],{"class":91},[37,113074,95],{"class":51},[37,113076,2397],{"class":102},[37,113078,85],{"class":51},[20,113080,30137],{},[28,113082,113084],{"className":30,"code":113083,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113085,113086],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113087,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113089,9394],{"class":51},[37,113091,821],{"class":55},[37,113093,285],{"class":59},[37,113095,821],{"class":55},[37,113097,65],{"class":51},[37,113099,815],{"class":55},[37,113101,777],{"class":59},[37,113103,821],{"class":55},[37,113105,65],{"class":51},[37,113107,815],{"class":55},[37,113109,1754],{"class":59},[37,113111,821],{"class":55},[37,113113,65],{"class":51},[37,113115,815],{"class":55},[37,113117,63378],{"class":59},[37,113119,821],{"class":55},[37,113121,9424],{"class":51},[20,113123,22296,113124,113127],{},[15,113125,113126],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[135,113129,113130,113134,113138],{},[138,113131,113132],{},[15,113133,66572],{},[138,113135,113136],{},[15,113137,18203],{},[138,113139,113140],{},[15,113141,113142],{},"\"t\"",[130,113144,113146,10700,113148],{"id":113145},"union-vs-update",[15,113147,102889],{},[15,113149,15064],{},[20,113151,113152,851,113154,113156],{},[15,113153,102889],{},[15,113155,15064],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[307,113158,113159],{"id":111359},[15,113160,102889],{},[135,113162,113163,113165],{},[138,113164,110721],{},[138,113166,110730],{},[28,113168,113169],{"className":30,"code":112254,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,113170,113171,113187,113203,113207,113225,113229,113241],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113172,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113174,722],{"class":43},[37,113176,48],{"class":47},[37,113178,10605],{"class":51},[37,113180,501],{"class":122},[37,113182,65],{"class":51},[37,113184,890],{"class":122},[37,113186,9424],{"class":51},[37,113188,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113190,735],{"class":43},[37,113192,48],{"class":47},[37,113194,10605],{"class":51},[37,113196,508],{"class":122},[37,113198,65],{"class":51},[37,113200,513],{"class":122},[37,113202,9424],{"class":51},[37,113204,113205],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113206,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113208,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113210,2362],{"class":43},[37,113212,48],{"class":47},[37,113214,56979],{"class":43},[37,113216,292],{"class":51},[37,113218,111359],{"class":102},[37,113220,95],{"class":51},[37,113222,777],{"class":102},[37,113224,85],{"class":51},[37,113226,113227],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,113228,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113230,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,113232,92],{"class":91},[37,113234,95],{"class":51},[37,113236,2397],{"class":102},[37,113238,18],{"class":51},[37,113240,112327],{"class":3788},[37,113242,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,113244,92],{"class":91},[37,113246,95],{"class":51},[37,113248,285],{"class":102},[37,113250,18],{"class":51},[37,113252,112340],{"class":3788},[307,113254,113255],{"id":30572},[15,113256,15064],{},[135,113258,113259,113262],{},[138,113260,113261],{},"changes the existing set in place",[138,113263,113264],{},"does not create a separate result set",[28,113266,113268],{"className":30,"code":113267,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113269,113270,113286,113302,113306,113320,113324],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113271,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282,113284],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113273,722],{"class":43},[37,113275,48],{"class":47},[37,113277,10605],{"class":51},[37,113279,501],{"class":122},[37,113281,65],{"class":51},[37,113283,890],{"class":122},[37,113285,9424],{"class":51},[37,113287,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113289,735],{"class":43},[37,113291,48],{"class":47},[37,113293,10605],{"class":51},[37,113295,508],{"class":122},[37,113297,65],{"class":51},[37,113299,513],{"class":122},[37,113301,9424],{"class":51},[37,113303,113304],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113305,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113307,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113309,285],{"class":43},[37,113311,292],{"class":51},[37,113313,30572],{"class":102},[37,113315,95],{"class":51},[37,113317,777],{"class":102},[37,113319,85],{"class":51},[37,113321,113322],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,113323,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113325,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,113327,92],{"class":91},[37,113329,95],{"class":51},[37,113331,285],{"class":102},[37,113333,18],{"class":51},[37,113335,112327],{"class":3788},[20,113337,22,113338,113340],{},[15,113339,102889],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113342,113343,113344,292],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[285,113345,288,113346,10856],{"href":98609},[15,113347,97404],{},[130,113349,155],{"id":4638},[307,113351,1880,113353,113355],{"id":113352},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113354,102889],{}," to change the original set",[20,113357,81914],{},[28,113359,113361],{"className":30,"code":113360,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113362,113363,113379,113395,113399,113413],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113364,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113366,722],{"class":43},[37,113368,48],{"class":47},[37,113370,10605],{"class":51},[37,113372,501],{"class":122},[37,113374,65],{"class":51},[37,113376,890],{"class":122},[37,113378,9424],{"class":51},[37,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113382,735],{"class":43},[37,113384,48],{"class":47},[37,113386,10605],{"class":51},[37,113388,508],{"class":122},[37,113390,65],{"class":51},[37,113392,513],{"class":122},[37,113394,9424],{"class":51},[37,113396,113397],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113398,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113400,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113402,285],{"class":43},[37,113404,292],{"class":51},[37,113406,111359],{"class":102},[37,113408,95],{"class":51},[37,113410,777],{"class":102},[37,113412,85],{"class":51},[37,113414,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,113416,92],{"class":91},[37,113418,95],{"class":51},[37,113420,285],{"class":102},[37,113422,85],{"class":51},[20,113424,112],{},[28,113426,113427],{"className":30,"code":100597,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,113428,113429],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113430,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113432,9394],{"class":51},[37,113434,501],{"class":122},[37,113436,65],{"class":51},[37,113438,890],{"class":122},[37,113440,9424],{"class":51},[20,113442,8613,113443,113445],{},[15,113444,102889],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113447,113448],{},"Fix it like this:",[28,113450,113452],{"className":30,"code":113451,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113453,113454,113470,113486,113490,113508],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113455,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113457,722],{"class":43},[37,113459,48],{"class":47},[37,113461,10605],{"class":51},[37,113463,501],{"class":122},[37,113465,65],{"class":51},[37,113467,890],{"class":122},[37,113469,9424],{"class":51},[37,113471,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113473,735],{"class":43},[37,113475,48],{"class":47},[37,113477,10605],{"class":51},[37,113479,508],{"class":122},[37,113481,65],{"class":51},[37,113483,513],{"class":122},[37,113485,9424],{"class":51},[37,113487,113488],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113489,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113491,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113493,722],{"class":43},[37,113495,48],{"class":47},[37,113497,56979],{"class":43},[37,113499,292],{"class":51},[37,113501,111359],{"class":102},[37,113503,95],{"class":51},[37,113505,777],{"class":102},[37,113507,85],{"class":51},[37,113509,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,113511,92],{"class":91},[37,113513,95],{"class":51},[37,113515,285],{"class":102},[37,113517,85],{"class":51},[307,113519,113521],{"id":113520},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113523,113524],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[28,113526,113528],{"className":30,"code":113527,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113529,113530,113546,113562,113566],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113531,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113533,722],{"class":43},[37,113535,48],{"class":47},[37,113537,10605],{"class":51},[37,113539,1129],{"class":122},[37,113541,65],{"class":51},[37,113543,5619],{"class":122},[37,113545,9424],{"class":51},[37,113547,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113549,735],{"class":43},[37,113551,48],{"class":47},[37,113553,10605],{"class":51},[37,113555,508],{"class":122},[37,113557,65],{"class":51},[37,113559,1134],{"class":122},[37,113561,9424],{"class":51},[37,113563,113564],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113565,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,113567,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113569,92],{"class":91},[37,113571,95],{"class":51},[37,113573,285],{"class":102},[37,113575,292],{"class":51},[37,113577,111359],{"class":102},[37,113579,95],{"class":51},[37,113581,777],{"class":102},[37,113583,106],{"class":51},[20,113585,113586],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[307,113588,113590],{"id":113589},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[28,113592,113594],{"className":30,"code":113593,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113595,113596,113612,113634],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113597,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113599,965],{"class":43},[37,113601,48],{"class":47},[37,113603,10605],{"class":51},[37,113605,56],{"class":55},[37,113607,58219],{"class":59},[37,113609,56],{"class":55},[37,113611,9424],{"class":51},[37,113613,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113615,2362],{"class":43},[37,113617,48],{"class":47},[37,113619,6289],{"class":43},[37,113621,292],{"class":51},[37,113623,111359],{"class":102},[37,113625,95],{"class":51},[37,113627,56],{"class":55},[37,113629,37149],{"class":59},[37,113631,56],{"class":55},[37,113633,85],{"class":51},[37,113635,113636,113638,113640,113642],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113637,92],{"class":91},[37,113639,95],{"class":51},[37,113641,2397],{"class":102},[37,113643,85],{"class":51},[20,113645,113646,113647,2321,113649,17181,113651,113653,113654,113656],{},"This adds ",[15,113648,66572],{},[15,113650,18203],{},[15,113652,113142],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113655,113126],{}," as one item.",[20,113658,113659],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[28,113661,113663],{"className":30,"code":113662,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113664,113665,113681,113703],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113666,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113668,965],{"class":43},[37,113670,48],{"class":47},[37,113672,10605],{"class":51},[37,113674,56],{"class":55},[37,113676,58219],{"class":59},[37,113678,56],{"class":55},[37,113680,9424],{"class":51},[37,113682,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113684,2362],{"class":43},[37,113686,48],{"class":47},[37,113688,6289],{"class":43},[37,113690,292],{"class":51},[37,113692,111359],{"class":102},[37,113694,3115],{"class":51},[37,113696,56],{"class":55},[37,113698,37149],{"class":59},[37,113700,56],{"class":55},[37,113702,530],{"class":51},[37,113704,113705,113707,113709,113711],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113706,92],{"class":91},[37,113708,95],{"class":51},[37,113710,2397],{"class":102},[37,113712,85],{"class":51},[307,113714,113716],{"id":113715},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113718,2964],{},[28,113720,113722],{"className":30,"code":113721,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113723,113724],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113725,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113727,15737],{"class":43},[37,113729,48],{"class":47},[37,113731,10605],{"class":51},[37,113733,501],{"class":122},[37,113735,65],{"class":51},[37,113737,890],{"class":122},[37,113739,65],{"class":51},[37,113741,519],{"class":51},[37,113743,1129],{"class":122},[37,113745,65],{"class":51},[37,113747,1134],{"class":122},[37,113749,13815],{"class":51},[20,113751,113752],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113754,113755,113756,3013],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113757,102889],{},[28,113759,113761],{"className":30,"code":113760,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113762,113763,113779,113801],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113764,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113766,15737],{"class":43},[37,113768,48],{"class":47},[37,113770,10605],{"class":51},[37,113772,501],{"class":122},[37,113774,65],{"class":51},[37,113776,890],{"class":122},[37,113778,9424],{"class":51},[37,113780,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113782,2362],{"class":43},[37,113784,48],{"class":47},[37,113786,97014],{"class":43},[37,113788,292],{"class":51},[37,113790,111359],{"class":102},[37,113792,3115],{"class":51},[37,113794,1129],{"class":122},[37,113796,65],{"class":51},[37,113798,1134],{"class":122},[37,113800,530],{"class":51},[37,113802,113803,113805,113807,113809],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113804,92],{"class":91},[37,113806,95],{"class":51},[37,113808,2397],{"class":102},[37,113810,85],{"class":51},[130,113812,113814],{"id":113813},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113816,113817],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[135,113819,113820,113826,113833,113836],{},[138,113821,113822,113823,113825],{},"call ",[15,113824,102889],{}," without saving the returned set",[138,113827,113828,113829,8823,113831],{},"confuse ",[15,113830,102889],{},[15,113832,15064],{},[138,113834,113835],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[138,113837,113838],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113840,113841,113842,851,113846,292],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[285,113843,288,113844,10856],{"href":102878},[15,113845,106663],{},[285,113847,288,113849,10856],{"href":113848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113850,100509],{},[20,113852,62386],{},[28,113854,113856],{"className":30,"code":113855,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113857,113858,113868,113882,113892],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,113859,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,113861,92],{"class":91},[37,113863,95],{"class":51},[37,113865,15775],{"class":102},[37,113867,85],{"class":51},[37,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,113871,92],{"class":91},[37,113873,95],{"class":51},[37,113875,757],{"class":756},[37,113877,95],{"class":51},[37,113879,15775],{"class":102},[37,113881,106],{"class":51},[37,113883,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,113885,92],{"class":91},[37,113887,95],{"class":51},[37,113889,2397],{"class":102},[37,113891,85],{"class":51},[37,113893,113894,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,113895,1937],{"class":91},[37,113897,95],{"class":51},[37,113899,6408],{"class":756},[37,113901,292],{"class":51},[37,113903,111359],{"class":24857},[37,113905,85],{"class":51},[130,113907,1969],{"id":1968},[307,113909,1983,113911,102829],{"id":113910},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113912,108133],{},[20,113914,102832],{},[307,113916,5290,113918,113920],{"id":113917},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113919,102889],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113922,113923],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[307,113925,28435,113927,113929],{"id":113926},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113928,102889],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113931,42252,113932,113934],{},[15,113933,102889],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[307,113936,113938],{"id":113937},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113940,113941],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[307,113943,5300,113945,851,113947,2623],{"id":113944},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113946,102889],{},[15,113948,113949],{},"|",[20,113951,113952,113953,113955,113956,113958],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113954,113949],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113957,102889],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[130,113960,2025],{"id":2024},[135,113962,113963,113967,113973,113979,113985],{},[138,113964,113965],{},[285,113966,96418],{"href":97589},[138,113968,113969],{},[285,113970,288,113971,10856],{"href":98609},[15,113972,97404],{},[138,113974,113975],{},[285,113976,288,113977,10856],{"href":102878},[15,113978,106663],{},[138,113980,113981],{},[285,113982,288,113983,10856],{"href":113848},[15,113984,100509],{},[138,113986,113987],{},[285,113988,100434],{"href":99167},[2052,113990,113991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":113993},[113994,113995,113997,113998,113999,114000,114002,114008,114013,114020,114021,114032],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":112089,"depth":88,"text":113996},"What set.union() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":22076,"depth":88,"text":22077},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":112576,"depth":88,"text":114001},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112734,"depth":88,"text":114003,"children":114004},"Using union() with other iterables",[114005,114006,114007],{"id":112745,"depth":251,"text":112746},{"id":112865,"depth":251,"text":112866},{"id":113007,"depth":251,"text":113008},{"id":113145,"depth":88,"text":114009,"children":114010},"union() vs update()",[114011,114012],{"id":111359,"depth":251,"text":102889},{"id":30572,"depth":251,"text":15064},{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":114014},[114015,114017,114018,114019],{"id":113352,"depth":251,"text":114016},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113520,"depth":251,"text":113521},{"id":113589,"depth":251,"text":113590},{"id":113715,"depth":251,"text":113716},{"id":113813,"depth":88,"text":113814},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":114022},[114023,114025,114027,114029,114030],{"id":113910,"depth":251,"text":114024},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113917,"depth":251,"text":114026},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113926,"depth":251,"text":114028},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113937,"depth":251,"text":113938},{"id":113944,"depth":251,"text":114031},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111969,"description":114033},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114039,"title":114040,"body":114041,"description":115930,"extension":2099,"meta":115931,"navigation":254,"path":96903,"seo":115932,"stem":115933,"__hash__":115934},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114042,"toc":115896},[114043,114048,114053,114061,114063,114121,114126,114131,114135,114147,114150,114224,114229,114231,114233,114252,114254,114271,114274,114301,114303,114373,114377,114379,114385,114387,114448,114453,114455,114512,114516,114521,114586,114588,114608,114615,114619,114624,114709,114712,114719,114822,114826,114831,114889,114892,114903,114917,114924,114982,114989,114992,115002,115006,115064,115068,115134,115137,115195,115202,115209,115212,115216,115225,115294,115298,115304,115392,115402,115406,115410,115414,115417,115478,115483,115540,115544,115546,115581,115588,115590,115644,115651,115655,115658,115723,115732,115738,115795,115797,115802,115806,115810,115813,115820,115828,115832,115837,115841,115847,115849,115884,115893],[10,114044,96290,114046,11437],{"id":114045},"python-set-update-method",[15,114047,15064],{},[20,114049,114050,114052],{},[15,114051,97404],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114054,114055,114056,114060],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[285,114057,114058],{"href":98590},[15,114059,96298],{},", which adds only one item.",[130,114062,3734],{"id":3733},[28,114064,114066],{"className":30,"code":114065,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114067,114068,114084,114106,114116],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114069,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114071,207],{"class":43},[37,114073,48],{"class":47},[37,114075,10605],{"class":51},[37,114077,501],{"class":122},[37,114079,65],{"class":51},[37,114081,890],{"class":122},[37,114083,9424],{"class":51},[37,114085,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114087,246],{"class":43},[37,114089,292],{"class":51},[37,114091,30572],{"class":102},[37,114093,3115],{"class":51},[37,114095,508],{"class":122},[37,114097,65],{"class":51},[37,114099,513],{"class":122},[37,114101,65],{"class":51},[37,114103,1134],{"class":122},[37,114105,530],{"class":51},[37,114107,114108,114110,114112,114114],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114109,92],{"class":91},[37,114111,95],{"class":51},[37,114113,246],{"class":102},[37,114115,85],{"class":51},[37,114117,114118],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114119,114120],{"class":3788},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114122,22,114123,114125],{},[15,114124,15064],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[130,114127,296,114129,3805],{"id":114128},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114130,97404],{},[20,114132,114133,3013],{},[15,114134,97404],{},[135,114136,114137,114140,114142,114145],{},[138,114138,114139],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[138,114141,96405],{},[138,114143,114144],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[138,114146,96408],{},[20,114148,114149],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[28,114151,114153],{"className":30,"code":114152,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114154,114155,114179,114205,114209,114219],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114156,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114158,44],{"class":43},[37,114160,48],{"class":47},[37,114162,10605],{"class":51},[37,114164,56],{"class":55},[37,114166,60],{"class":59},[37,114168,56],{"class":55},[37,114170,65],{"class":51},[37,114172,68],{"class":55},[37,114174,80],{"class":59},[37,114176,56],{"class":55},[37,114178,9424],{"class":51},[37,114180,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114182,103],{"class":43},[37,114184,292],{"class":51},[37,114186,30572],{"class":102},[37,114188,3115],{"class":51},[37,114190,56],{"class":55},[37,114192,80],{"class":59},[37,114194,56],{"class":55},[37,114196,65],{"class":51},[37,114198,68],{"class":55},[37,114200,71],{"class":59},[37,114202,56],{"class":55},[37,114204,530],{"class":51},[37,114206,114207],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114208,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114210,114211,114213,114215,114217],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114212,92],{"class":91},[37,114214,95],{"class":51},[37,114216,103],{"class":102},[37,114218,85],{"class":51},[37,114220,114221],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114222,114223],{"class":3788},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114225,21084,114226,114228],{},[15,114227,111124],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[130,114230,159],{"id":158},[20,114232,7339],{},[28,114234,114236],{"className":30,"code":114235,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114237,114238],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114239,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114241,15775],{"class":43},[37,114243,292],{"class":51},[37,114245,30572],{"class":102},[37,114247,95],{"class":51},[37,114249,3846],{"class":102},[37,114251,85],{"class":51},[20,114253,80290],{},[135,114255,114256,114259,114262,114265,114268],{},[138,114257,114258],{},"A list",[138,114260,114261],{},"A tuple",[138,114263,114264],{},"Another set",[138,114266,114267],{},"A string",[138,114269,114270],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114272,114273],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[28,114275,114277],{"className":30,"code":114276,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114278,114279],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114280,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114282,15775],{"class":43},[37,114284,292],{"class":51},[37,114286,30572],{"class":102},[37,114288,95],{"class":51},[37,114290,285],{"class":102},[37,114292,65],{"class":51},[37,114294,2689],{"class":102},[37,114296,65],{"class":51},[37,114298,9797],{"class":102},[37,114300,85],{"class":51},[20,114302,197],{},[28,114304,114306],{"className":30,"code":114305,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114307,114308,114320,114354,114358,114368],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114309,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114311,1111],{"class":43},[37,114313,48],{"class":47},[37,114315,10605],{"class":51},[37,114317,501],{"class":122},[37,114319,9424],{"class":51},[37,114321,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114323,1160],{"class":43},[37,114325,292],{"class":51},[37,114327,30572],{"class":102},[37,114329,3115],{"class":51},[37,114331,508],{"class":122},[37,114333,65],{"class":51},[37,114335,513],{"class":122},[37,114337,893],{"class":51},[37,114339,52],{"class":51},[37,114341,522],{"class":122},[37,114343,65],{"class":51},[37,114345,527],{"class":122},[37,114347,516],{"class":51},[37,114349,10605],{"class":51},[37,114351,80681],{"class":122},[37,114353,30604],{"class":51},[37,114355,114356],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114357,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114359,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114361,92],{"class":91},[37,114363,95],{"class":51},[37,114365,1160],{"class":102},[37,114367,85],{"class":51},[37,114369,114370],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114371,114372],{"class":3788},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114374,96414,114375,292],{},[285,114376,96422],{"href":97973},[130,114378,22077],{"id":22076},[20,114380,114381,2530,114383,292],{},[15,114382,97404],{},[15,114384,3904],{},[20,114386,11827],{},[28,114388,114390],{"className":30,"code":114389,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114391,114392,114408,114430,114434,114444],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114393,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114395,207],{"class":43},[37,114397,48],{"class":47},[37,114399,10605],{"class":51},[37,114401,501],{"class":122},[37,114403,65],{"class":51},[37,114405,890],{"class":122},[37,114407,9424],{"class":51},[37,114409,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114411,2362],{"class":43},[37,114413,48],{"class":47},[37,114415,4383],{"class":43},[37,114417,292],{"class":51},[37,114419,30572],{"class":102},[37,114421,3115],{"class":51},[37,114423,1129],{"class":122},[37,114425,65],{"class":51},[37,114427,1134],{"class":122},[37,114429,530],{"class":51},[37,114431,114432],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114433,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114435,114436,114438,114440,114442],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114437,92],{"class":91},[37,114439,95],{"class":51},[37,114441,2397],{"class":102},[37,114443,85],{"class":51},[37,114445,114446],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114447,61922],{"class":3788},[20,114449,114450,114451,292],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114452,2397],{},[20,114454,19076],{},[28,114456,114458],{"className":30,"code":114457,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114459,114460,114476,114494,114498,114508],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114461,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114463,207],{"class":43},[37,114465,48],{"class":47},[37,114467,10605],{"class":51},[37,114469,501],{"class":122},[37,114471,65],{"class":51},[37,114473,890],{"class":122},[37,114475,9424],{"class":51},[37,114477,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114479,246],{"class":43},[37,114481,292],{"class":51},[37,114483,30572],{"class":102},[37,114485,3115],{"class":51},[37,114487,1129],{"class":122},[37,114489,65],{"class":51},[37,114491,1134],{"class":122},[37,114493,530],{"class":51},[37,114495,114496],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114497,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114499,114500,114502,114504,114506],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114501,92],{"class":91},[37,114503,95],{"class":51},[37,114505,246],{"class":102},[37,114507,85],{"class":51},[37,114509,114510],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114511,114120],{"class":3788},[130,114513,114515],{"id":114514},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114517,114518,114519,292],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114520,15064],{},[28,114522,114524],{"className":30,"code":114523,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114525,114526,114542,114568,114572,114582],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114527,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114529,207],{"class":43},[37,114531,48],{"class":47},[37,114533,10605],{"class":51},[37,114535,501],{"class":122},[37,114537,65],{"class":51},[37,114539,890],{"class":122},[37,114541,9424],{"class":51},[37,114543,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114545,246],{"class":43},[37,114547,292],{"class":51},[37,114549,30572],{"class":102},[37,114551,3115],{"class":51},[37,114553,508],{"class":122},[37,114555,65],{"class":51},[37,114557,513],{"class":122},[37,114559,65],{"class":51},[37,114561,1134],{"class":122},[37,114563,65],{"class":51},[37,114565,1134],{"class":122},[37,114567,530],{"class":51},[37,114569,114570],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114571,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114573,114574,114576,114578,114580],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114575,92],{"class":91},[37,114577,95],{"class":51},[37,114579,246],{"class":102},[37,114581,85],{"class":51},[37,114583,114584],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114585,114120],{"class":3788},[20,114587,11797],{},[135,114589,114590,114595,114602],{},[138,114591,114592,114594],{},[15,114593,508],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[138,114596,114597,851,114599,114601],{},[15,114598,1129],{},[15,114600,522],{}," are added",[138,114603,114604,114605,114607],{},"The second ",[15,114606,522],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114609,114610,114611,114614],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[285,114612,114613],{"href":99167},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[130,114616,114618],{"id":114617},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114620,7885,114621,114623],{},[15,114622,15064],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[28,114625,114627],{"className":30,"code":114626,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114628,114629,114650,114671,114675,114691,114695,114705],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114630,114631,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114632,114633],{"class":43},"set_a ",[37,114635,48],{"class":47},[37,114637,10605],{"class":51},[37,114639,501],{"class":122},[37,114641,65],{"class":51},[37,114643,890],{"class":122},[37,114645,65],{"class":51},[37,114647,513],{"class":122},[37,114649,9424],{"class":51},[37,114651,114652,114655,114657,114659,114661,114663,114665,114667,114669],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114653,114654],{"class":43},"set_b ",[37,114656,48],{"class":47},[37,114658,10605],{"class":51},[37,114660,1129],{"class":122},[37,114662,65],{"class":51},[37,114664,1134],{"class":122},[37,114666,65],{"class":51},[37,114668,527],{"class":122},[37,114670,9424],{"class":51},[37,114672,114673],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114674,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114676,114677,114680,114682,114684,114686,114689],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114678,114679],{"class":43},"set_a",[37,114681,292],{"class":51},[37,114683,30572],{"class":102},[37,114685,95],{"class":51},[37,114687,114688],{"class":102},"set_b",[37,114690,85],{"class":51},[37,114692,114693],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114694,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114696,114697,114699,114701,114703],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,114698,92],{"class":91},[37,114700,95],{"class":51},[37,114702,114679],{"class":102},[37,114704,85],{"class":51},[37,114706,114707],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,114708,112081],{"class":3788},[20,114710,114711],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114713,114714,114715,292],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[285,114716,114717],{"href":102886},[15,114718,108133],{},[28,114720,114722],{"className":30,"code":114721,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114723,114724,114744,114764,114768,114788,114792,114803,114807,114817],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114725,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114727,114633],{"class":43},[37,114729,48],{"class":47},[37,114731,10605],{"class":51},[37,114733,501],{"class":122},[37,114735,65],{"class":51},[37,114737,890],{"class":122},[37,114739,65],{"class":51},[37,114741,513],{"class":122},[37,114743,9424],{"class":51},[37,114745,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114747,114654],{"class":43},[37,114749,48],{"class":47},[37,114751,10605],{"class":51},[37,114753,1129],{"class":122},[37,114755,65],{"class":51},[37,114757,1134],{"class":122},[37,114759,65],{"class":51},[37,114761,527],{"class":122},[37,114763,9424],{"class":51},[37,114765,114766],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114767,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114769,114770,114773,114775,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114771,114772],{"class":43},"combined ",[37,114774,48],{"class":47},[37,114776,114777],{"class":43}," set_a",[37,114779,292],{"class":51},[37,114781,111359],{"class":102},[37,114783,95],{"class":51},[37,114785,114688],{"class":102},[37,114787,85],{"class":51},[37,114789,114790],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114791,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114793,114794,114796,114798,114801],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,114795,92],{"class":91},[37,114797,95],{"class":51},[37,114799,114800],{"class":102},"combined",[37,114802,85],{"class":51},[37,114804,114805],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,114806,112081],{"class":3788},[37,114808,114809,114811,114813,114815],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,114810,92],{"class":91},[37,114812,95],{"class":51},[37,114814,114679],{"class":102},[37,114816,85],{"class":51},[37,114818,114819],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,114820,114821],{"class":3788},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[130,114823,114825],{"id":114824},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114827,64830,114828,114830],{},[15,114829,15064],{}," adds each character separately.",[28,114832,114834],{"className":30,"code":114833,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114835,114836,114852,114870,114874,114884],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114837,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114839,1729],{"class":43},[37,114841,48],{"class":47},[37,114843,10605],{"class":51},[37,114845,56],{"class":55},[37,114847,900],{"class":59},[37,114849,56],{"class":55},[37,114851,9424],{"class":51},[37,114853,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114855,1785],{"class":43},[37,114857,292],{"class":51},[37,114859,30572],{"class":102},[37,114861,95],{"class":51},[37,114863,56],{"class":55},[37,114865,37149],{"class":59},[37,114867,56],{"class":55},[37,114869,85],{"class":51},[37,114871,114872],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114873,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114875,114876,114878,114880,114882],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114877,92],{"class":91},[37,114879,95],{"class":51},[37,114881,1785],{"class":102},[37,114883,85],{"class":51},[37,114885,114886],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114887,114888],{"class":3788},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114890,114891],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114893,114894,14163,114897,114899,114900,114902],{},[15,114895,114896],{},"update(\"cat\")",[110,114898,711],{}," add ",[15,114901,113126],{}," as one item. It adds:",[135,114904,114905,114909,114913],{},[138,114906,114907],{},[15,114908,66572],{},[138,114910,114911],{},[15,114912,18203],{},[138,114914,114915],{},[15,114916,113142],{},[20,114918,114919,114920,3013],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[285,114921,114922],{"href":98590},[15,114923,96298],{},[28,114925,114927],{"className":30,"code":114926,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114928,114929,114945,114963,114967,114977],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,114930,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,114932,965],{"class":43},[37,114934,48],{"class":47},[37,114936,10605],{"class":51},[37,114938,56],{"class":55},[37,114940,58219],{"class":59},[37,114942,56],{"class":55},[37,114944,9424],{"class":51},[37,114946,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,114948,999],{"class":43},[37,114950,292],{"class":51},[37,114952,82193],{"class":102},[37,114954,95],{"class":51},[37,114956,56],{"class":55},[37,114958,37149],{"class":59},[37,114960,56],{"class":55},[37,114962,85],{"class":51},[37,114964,114965],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,114966,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,114968,114969,114971,114973,114975],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,114970,92],{"class":91},[37,114972,95],{"class":51},[37,114974,999],{"class":102},[37,114976,85],{"class":51},[37,114978,114979],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,114980,114981],{"class":3788},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[130,114983,114985,10700,114987],{"id":114984},"update-vs-add",[15,114986,15064],{},[15,114988,96293],{},[20,114990,114991],{},"The difference is simple:",[135,114993,114994,114998],{},[138,114995,114996,96892],{},[15,114997,96293],{},[138,114999,115000,96897],{},[15,115001,15064],{},[20,115003,46138,115004,3013],{},[15,115005,96293],{},[28,115007,115009],{"className":30,"code":115008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115010,115011,115027,115045,115049,115059],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115012,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115014,320],{"class":43},[37,115016,48],{"class":47},[37,115018,10605],{"class":51},[37,115020,56],{"class":55},[37,115022,329],{"class":59},[37,115024,56],{"class":55},[37,115026,9424],{"class":51},[37,115028,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041,115043],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115030,364],{"class":43},[37,115032,292],{"class":51},[37,115034,82193],{"class":102},[37,115036,95],{"class":51},[37,115038,56],{"class":55},[37,115040,338],{"class":59},[37,115042,56],{"class":55},[37,115044,85],{"class":51},[37,115046,115047],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115048,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115050,115051,115053,115055,115057],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115052,92],{"class":91},[37,115054,95],{"class":51},[37,115056,364],{"class":102},[37,115058,85],{"class":51},[37,115060,115061],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115062,115063],{"class":3788},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115065,46138,115066,3013],{},[15,115067,15064],{},[28,115069,115071],{"className":30,"code":115070,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115072,115073,115089,115115,115119,115129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115074,115075,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115076,320],{"class":43},[37,115078,48],{"class":47},[37,115080,10605],{"class":51},[37,115082,56],{"class":55},[37,115084,329],{"class":59},[37,115086,56],{"class":55},[37,115088,9424],{"class":51},[37,115090,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115092,364],{"class":43},[37,115094,292],{"class":51},[37,115096,30572],{"class":102},[37,115098,3115],{"class":51},[37,115100,56],{"class":55},[37,115102,338],{"class":59},[37,115104,56],{"class":55},[37,115106,65],{"class":51},[37,115108,68],{"class":55},[37,115110,347],{"class":59},[37,115112,56],{"class":55},[37,115114,530],{"class":51},[37,115116,115117],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115118,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115120,115121,115123,115125,115127],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115122,92],{"class":91},[37,115124,95],{"class":51},[37,115126,364],{"class":102},[37,115128,85],{"class":51},[37,115130,115131],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115132,115133],{"class":3788},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115135,115136],{},"Important warning with strings:",[28,115138,115140],{"className":30,"code":115139,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115141,115142,115158,115176,115180,115190],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115143,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154,115156],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115145,320],{"class":43},[37,115147,48],{"class":47},[37,115149,10605],{"class":51},[37,115151,56],{"class":55},[37,115153,329],{"class":59},[37,115155,56],{"class":55},[37,115157,9424],{"class":51},[37,115159,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170,115172,115174],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115161,364],{"class":43},[37,115163,292],{"class":51},[37,115165,30572],{"class":102},[37,115167,95],{"class":51},[37,115169,56],{"class":55},[37,115171,38443],{"class":59},[37,115173,56],{"class":55},[37,115175,85],{"class":51},[37,115177,115178],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115179,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115181,115182,115184,115186,115188],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115183,92],{"class":91},[37,115185,95],{"class":51},[37,115187,364],{"class":102},[37,115189,85],{"class":51},[37,115191,115192],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115193,115194],{"class":3788},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115196,62197,115197,62270,115200,6752],{},[15,115198,115199],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115201,96293],{},[130,115203,115205,10700,115207],{"id":115204},"update-vs-union",[15,115206,15064],{},[15,115208,102889],{},[20,115210,115211],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[307,115213,115214],{"id":30572},[15,115215,15064],{},[135,115217,115218,115221],{},[138,115219,115220],{},"Changes the existing set",[138,115222,11539,115223],{},[15,115224,3904],{},[28,115226,115228],{"className":30,"code":115227,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115229,115230,115246,115262,115266,115280,115290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115231,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115233,722],{"class":43},[37,115235,48],{"class":47},[37,115237,10605],{"class":51},[37,115239,501],{"class":122},[37,115241,65],{"class":51},[37,115243,890],{"class":122},[37,115245,9424],{"class":51},[37,115247,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115249,735],{"class":43},[37,115251,48],{"class":47},[37,115253,10605],{"class":51},[37,115255,508],{"class":122},[37,115257,65],{"class":51},[37,115259,513],{"class":122},[37,115261,9424],{"class":51},[37,115263,115264],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115265,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115267,115268,115270,115272,115274,115276,115278],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115269,285],{"class":43},[37,115271,292],{"class":51},[37,115273,30572],{"class":102},[37,115275,95],{"class":51},[37,115277,777],{"class":102},[37,115279,85],{"class":51},[37,115281,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115283,92],{"class":91},[37,115285,95],{"class":51},[37,115287,285],{"class":102},[37,115289,85],{"class":51},[37,115291,115292],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,115293,114821],{"class":3788},[307,115295,115296],{"id":111359},[15,115297,102889],{},[135,115299,115300,115302],{},[138,115301,101427],{},[138,115303,101430],{},[28,115305,115307],{"className":30,"code":115306,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115308,115309,115325,115341,115345,115363,115373,115377,115387],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115310,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115312,722],{"class":43},[37,115314,48],{"class":47},[37,115316,10605],{"class":51},[37,115318,501],{"class":122},[37,115320,65],{"class":51},[37,115322,890],{"class":122},[37,115324,9424],{"class":51},[37,115326,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115328,735],{"class":43},[37,115330,48],{"class":47},[37,115332,10605],{"class":51},[37,115334,508],{"class":122},[37,115336,65],{"class":51},[37,115338,513],{"class":122},[37,115340,9424],{"class":51},[37,115342,115343],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115344,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115346,115347,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115348,83273],{"class":43},[37,115350,48],{"class":47},[37,115352,56979],{"class":43},[37,115354,292],{"class":51},[37,115356,111359],{"class":102},[37,115358,95],{"class":51},[37,115360,777],{"class":102},[37,115362,85],{"class":51},[37,115364,115365,115367,115369,115371],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115366,92],{"class":91},[37,115368,95],{"class":51},[37,115370,1754],{"class":102},[37,115372,85],{"class":51},[37,115374,115375],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,115376,114821],{"class":3788},[37,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,115380,92],{"class":91},[37,115382,95],{"class":51},[37,115384,285],{"class":102},[37,115386,85],{"class":51},[37,115388,115389],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,115390,115391],{"class":3788},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115393,107775,115394,115396,115397,115401],{},[15,115395,15064],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[285,115398,115399],{"href":102886},[15,115400,102889],{}," when you want a new set.",[130,115403,115405],{"id":115404},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115407,10863,115408,292],{},[15,115409,97404],{},[307,115411,115413],{"id":115412},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115415,115416],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[28,115418,115420],{"className":30,"code":115419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115421,115422,115438,115460,115464,115474],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115423,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115425,15737],{"class":43},[37,115427,48],{"class":47},[37,115429,10605],{"class":51},[37,115431,501],{"class":122},[37,115433,65],{"class":51},[37,115435,890],{"class":122},[37,115437,9424],{"class":51},[37,115439,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115441,2362],{"class":43},[37,115443,48],{"class":47},[37,115445,97014],{"class":43},[37,115447,292],{"class":51},[37,115449,30572],{"class":102},[37,115451,3115],{"class":51},[37,115453,1129],{"class":122},[37,115455,65],{"class":51},[37,115457,1134],{"class":122},[37,115459,530],{"class":51},[37,115461,115462],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115463,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115467,92],{"class":91},[37,115469,95],{"class":51},[37,115471,2397],{"class":102},[37,115473,85],{"class":51},[37,115475,115476],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115477,61922],{"class":3788},[20,115479,115480,115481,3013],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115482,15064],{},[28,115484,115486],{"className":30,"code":115485,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115487,115488,115504,115522,115526,115536],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115489,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115491,15737],{"class":43},[37,115493,48],{"class":47},[37,115495,10605],{"class":51},[37,115497,501],{"class":122},[37,115499,65],{"class":51},[37,115501,890],{"class":122},[37,115503,9424],{"class":51},[37,115505,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115507,15775],{"class":43},[37,115509,292],{"class":51},[37,115511,30572],{"class":102},[37,115513,3115],{"class":51},[37,115515,1129],{"class":122},[37,115517,65],{"class":51},[37,115519,1134],{"class":122},[37,115521,530],{"class":51},[37,115523,115524],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115525,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115527,115528,115530,115532,115534],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115529,92],{"class":91},[37,115531,95],{"class":51},[37,115533,15775],{"class":102},[37,115535,85],{"class":51},[37,115537,115538],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115539,114120],{"class":3788},[307,115541,115543],{"id":115542},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115545,2964],{},[28,115547,115549],{"className":30,"code":115548,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115550,115551,115567],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115552,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563,115565],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115554,15737],{"class":43},[37,115556,48],{"class":47},[37,115558,10605],{"class":51},[37,115560,501],{"class":122},[37,115562,65],{"class":51},[37,115564,890],{"class":122},[37,115566,9424],{"class":51},[37,115568,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115570,15775],{"class":43},[37,115572,292],{"class":51},[37,115574,30572],{"class":102},[37,115576,95],{"class":51},[37,115578,446],{"class":122},[37,115580,85],{"class":51},[20,115582,62376,115583,8719,115585,115587],{},[15,115584,3133],{},[15,115586,446],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115589,6675],{},[28,115591,115593],{"className":30,"code":115592,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115594,115595,115611,115625,115629,115639],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115596,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115598,15737],{"class":43},[37,115600,48],{"class":47},[37,115602,10605],{"class":51},[37,115604,501],{"class":122},[37,115606,65],{"class":51},[37,115608,890],{"class":122},[37,115610,9424],{"class":51},[37,115612,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115614,15775],{"class":43},[37,115616,292],{"class":51},[37,115618,30572],{"class":102},[37,115620,3115],{"class":51},[37,115622,446],{"class":122},[37,115624,530],{"class":51},[37,115626,115627],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115628,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115632,92],{"class":91},[37,115634,95],{"class":51},[37,115636,15775],{"class":102},[37,115638,85],{"class":51},[37,115640,115641],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115642,115643],{"class":3788},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115645,46011,115646,292],{},[285,115647,25787,115648],{"href":52691},[15,115649,115650],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[307,115652,115654],{"id":115653},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115656,115657],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[28,115659,115661],{"className":30,"code":115660,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115662,115663,115679,115705,115709,115719],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115664,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115666,15737],{"class":43},[37,115668,48],{"class":47},[37,115670,10605],{"class":51},[37,115672,501],{"class":122},[37,115674,65],{"class":51},[37,115676,890],{"class":122},[37,115678,9424],{"class":51},[37,115680,115681,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115682,15775],{"class":43},[37,115684,292],{"class":51},[37,115686,30572],{"class":102},[37,115688,3115],{"class":51},[37,115690,508],{"class":122},[37,115692,65],{"class":51},[37,115694,890],{"class":122},[37,115696,65],{"class":51},[37,115698,890],{"class":122},[37,115700,65],{"class":51},[37,115702,513],{"class":122},[37,115704,530],{"class":51},[37,115706,115707],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115708,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115710,115711,115713,115715,115717],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115712,92],{"class":91},[37,115714,95],{"class":51},[37,115716,15775],{"class":102},[37,115718,85],{"class":51},[37,115720,115721],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115722,114821],{"class":3788},[307,115724,115726,115727,44727,115729,115731],{"id":115725},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115728,15064],{},[15,115730,96293],{}," is better",[20,115733,115734,115735,115737],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115736,96293],{}," is usually the better choice.",[28,115739,115741],{"className":30,"code":115740,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115742,115743,115759,115777,115781,115791],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115744,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115746,15737],{"class":43},[37,115748,48],{"class":47},[37,115750,10605],{"class":51},[37,115752,56],{"class":55},[37,115754,58219],{"class":59},[37,115756,56],{"class":55},[37,115758,9424],{"class":51},[37,115760,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115762,15775],{"class":43},[37,115764,292],{"class":51},[37,115766,82193],{"class":102},[37,115768,95],{"class":51},[37,115770,56],{"class":55},[37,115772,37149],{"class":59},[37,115774,56],{"class":55},[37,115776,85],{"class":51},[37,115778,115779],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115780,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115782,115783,115785,115787,115789],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,115784,92],{"class":91},[37,115786,95],{"class":51},[37,115788,15775],{"class":102},[37,115790,85],{"class":51},[37,115792,115793],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,115794,114981],{"class":3788},[130,115796,1969],{"id":1968},[307,115798,1983,115800,97383],{"id":115799},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115801,97404],{},[20,115803,97386,115804,292],{},[15,115805,3904],{},[307,115807,28435,115808,32333],{"id":32330},[15,115809,15064],{},[20,115811,115812],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[307,115814,5300,115816,851,115818,2623],{"id":115815},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115817,96293],{},[15,115819,15064],{},[20,115821,115822,115824,115825,115827],{},[15,115823,96293],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115826,15064],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[307,115829,115831],{"id":115830},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115833,115834,115835,114830],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115836,15064],{},[307,115838,115840],{"id":115839},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115842,22,115843,1866,115845,292],{},[15,115844,102889],{},[15,115846,15064],{},[130,115848,2025],{"id":2024},[135,115850,115851,115858,115865,115871,115877],{},[138,115852,115853],{},[285,115854,115855],{"href":98590},[15,115856,115857],{},"Python set add() method",[138,115859,115860],{},[285,115861,115862],{"href":102886},[15,115863,115864],{},"Python set union() method",[138,115866,115867],{},[285,115868,115869],{"href":97973},[15,115870,97428],{},[138,115872,115873],{},[285,115874,115875],{"href":99167},[15,115876,100434],{},[138,115878,115879],{},[285,115880,115881,115883],{"href":52691},[15,115882,115650],{}," fix",[20,115885,115886,115887,115889,115890,115892],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115888,96298],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115891,108133],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2052,115894,115895],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":115897},[115898,115899,115901,115902,115903,115904,115905,115906,115908,115913,115920,115929],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":114128,"depth":88,"text":115900},"What set.update() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":22076,"depth":88,"text":22077},{"id":114514,"depth":88,"text":114515},{"id":114617,"depth":88,"text":114618},{"id":114824,"depth":88,"text":114825},{"id":114984,"depth":88,"text":115907},"update() vs add()",{"id":115204,"depth":88,"text":115909,"children":115910},"update() vs union()",[115911,115912],{"id":30572,"depth":251,"text":15064},{"id":111359,"depth":251,"text":102889},{"id":115404,"depth":88,"text":115405,"children":115914},[115915,115916,115917,115918],{"id":115412,"depth":251,"text":115413},{"id":115542,"depth":251,"text":115543},{"id":115653,"depth":251,"text":115654},{"id":115725,"depth":251,"text":115919},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":115921},[115922,115924,115925,115927,115928],{"id":115799,"depth":251,"text":115923},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32330,"depth":251,"text":32403},{"id":115815,"depth":251,"text":115926},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115830,"depth":251,"text":115831},{"id":115839,"depth":251,"text":115840},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114040,"description":115930},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115936,"title":115937,"body":115938,"description":117704,"extension":2099,"meta":117705,"navigation":254,"path":13899,"seo":117706,"stem":117707,"__hash__":117708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115939,"toc":117679},[115940,115943,115946,115949,115960,115968,115971,115973,116122,116134,116138,116155,116159,116167,116169,116180,116182,116279,116285,116288,116384,116393,116398,116402,116407,116409,116419,116421,116530,116538,116542,116545,116548,116565,116571,116651,116654,116658,116661,116665,116668,116727,116730,116734,116737,116829,116833,116836,116943,116947,116953,116981,116983,117065,117075,117079,117082,117093,117096,117181,117184,117189,117193,117196,117207,117210,117352,117355,117359,117362,117376,117379,117440,117446,117448,117451,117473,117476,117576,117579,117611,117613,117617,117620,117622,117625,117629,117632,117636,117639,117643,117646,117648,117676],[10,115941,115937],{"id":115942},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115944,115945],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115947,115948],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[135,115950,115951,115954,115957],{},[138,115952,115953],{},"a list inside another list",[138,115955,115956],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[138,115958,115959],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115961,100356,115962,851,115964,115967],{},[110,115963,12963],{},[110,115965,115966],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115969,115970],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[130,115972,2140],{"id":2139},[28,115974,115976],{"className":30,"code":115975,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115977,115978,115985,115989,116015,116035,116055,116059,116077,116081,116094,116108],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,115979,115980,115982],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,115981,35199],{"class":1483},[37,115983,115984],{"class":43}," copy\n",[37,115986,115987],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,115988,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,115990,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,115992,12198],{"class":43},[37,115994,48],{"class":47},[37,115996,56385],{"class":51},[37,115998,501],{"class":122},[37,116000,65],{"class":51},[37,116002,890],{"class":122},[37,116004,893],{"class":51},[37,116006,519],{"class":51},[37,116008,1129],{"class":122},[37,116010,65],{"class":51},[37,116012,1134],{"class":122},[37,116014,53334],{"class":51},[37,116016,116017,116020,116022,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116018,116019],{"class":43},"shallow ",[37,116021,48],{"class":47},[37,116023,116024],{"class":43}," copy",[37,116026,292],{"class":51},[37,116028,13023],{"class":102},[37,116030,95],{"class":51},[37,116032,12245],{"class":102},[37,116034,85],{"class":51},[37,116036,116037,116040,116042,116044,116046,116049,116051,116053],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116038,116039],{"class":43},"deep ",[37,116041,48],{"class":47},[37,116043,116024],{"class":43},[37,116045,292],{"class":51},[37,116047,116048],{"class":102},"deepcopy",[37,116050,95],{"class":51},[37,116052,12245],{"class":102},[37,116054,85],{"class":51},[37,116056,116057],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,116058,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116060,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,116062,12245],{"class":43},[37,116064,1067],{"class":51},[37,116066,1070],{"class":122},[37,116068,13659],{"class":51},[37,116070,13662],{"class":102},[37,116072,95],{"class":51},[37,116074,56438],{"class":122},[37,116076,85],{"class":51},[37,116078,116079],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,116080,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,116084,92],{"class":91},[37,116086,95],{"class":51},[37,116088,12245],{"class":102},[37,116090,18],{"class":51},[37,116092,116093],{"class":3788},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[37,116095,116096,116098,116100,116103,116105],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,116097,92],{"class":91},[37,116099,95],{"class":51},[37,116101,116102],{"class":102},"shallow",[37,116104,18],{"class":51},[37,116106,116107],{"class":3788},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[37,116109,116110,116112,116114,116117,116119],{"class":39,"line":11708},[37,116111,92],{"class":91},[37,116113,95],{"class":51},[37,116115,116116],{"class":102},"deep",[37,116118,18],{"class":51},[37,116120,116121],{"class":3788},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116123,22,116124,116127,116128,851,116130,116133],{},[15,116125,116126],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[110,116129,12963],{},[15,116131,116132],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[130,116135,116137],{"id":116136},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[135,116139,116140,116143,116146,116149,116152],{},[138,116141,116142],{},"What a copy means in Python",[138,116144,116145],{},"How shallow copy works",[138,116147,116148],{},"How deep copy works",[138,116150,116151],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[138,116153,116154],{},"When to use each approach",[130,116156,116158],{"id":116157},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116160,15297,116161,116163,116164,116166],{},[110,116162,12963],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[110,116165,711],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116168,2242],{},[135,116170,116171,116174,116177],{},[138,116172,116173],{},"the outer container is new",[138,116175,116176],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[138,116178,116179],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116181,197],{},[28,116183,116185],{"className":30,"code":116184,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116186,116187,116213,116227,116231,116249,116253,116266],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116188,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116190,12198],{"class":43},[37,116192,48],{"class":47},[37,116194,56385],{"class":51},[37,116196,501],{"class":122},[37,116198,65],{"class":51},[37,116200,890],{"class":122},[37,116202,893],{"class":51},[37,116204,519],{"class":51},[37,116206,1129],{"class":122},[37,116208,65],{"class":51},[37,116210,1134],{"class":122},[37,116212,53334],{"class":51},[37,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116216,14421],{"class":43},[37,116218,48],{"class":47},[37,116220,12273],{"class":43},[37,116222,292],{"class":51},[37,116224,13023],{"class":102},[37,116226,8761],{"class":51},[37,116228,116229],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116230,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116232,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243,116245,116247],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116234,14440],{"class":43},[37,116236,292],{"class":51},[37,116238,13662],{"class":102},[37,116240,3115],{"class":51},[37,116242,446],{"class":122},[37,116244,65],{"class":51},[37,116246,1145],{"class":122},[37,116248,530],{"class":51},[37,116250,116251],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116252,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116254,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,116256,92],{"class":91},[37,116258,95],{"class":51},[37,116260,12245],{"class":102},[37,116262,18],{"class":51},[37,116264,116265],{"class":3788},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[37,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,116269,92],{"class":91},[37,116271,95],{"class":51},[37,116273,14440],{"class":102},[37,116275,18],{"class":51},[37,116277,116278],{"class":3788},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116280,116281,116282,116284],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116283,14440],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116286,116287],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[28,116289,116291],{"className":30,"code":116290,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116292,116293,116319,116333,116337,116355,116359,116371],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116294,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116296,12198],{"class":43},[37,116298,48],{"class":47},[37,116300,56385],{"class":51},[37,116302,501],{"class":122},[37,116304,65],{"class":51},[37,116306,890],{"class":122},[37,116308,893],{"class":51},[37,116310,519],{"class":51},[37,116312,1129],{"class":122},[37,116314,65],{"class":51},[37,116316,1134],{"class":122},[37,116318,53334],{"class":51},[37,116320,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116322,14421],{"class":43},[37,116324,48],{"class":47},[37,116326,12273],{"class":43},[37,116328,292],{"class":51},[37,116330,13023],{"class":102},[37,116332,8761],{"class":51},[37,116334,116335],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116336,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116338,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351,116353],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116340,14440],{"class":43},[37,116342,1067],{"class":51},[37,116344,1070],{"class":122},[37,116346,13659],{"class":51},[37,116348,13662],{"class":102},[37,116350,95],{"class":51},[37,116352,56438],{"class":122},[37,116354,85],{"class":51},[37,116356,116357],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116358,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116360,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,116362,92],{"class":91},[37,116364,95],{"class":51},[37,116366,12245],{"class":102},[37,116368,18],{"class":51},[37,116370,116093],{"class":3788},[37,116372,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,116374,92],{"class":91},[37,116376,95],{"class":51},[37,116378,14440],{"class":102},[37,116380,18],{"class":51},[37,116382,116383],{"class":3788},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116385,116386,116387,851,116389,116392],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116388,56542],{},[15,116390,116391],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116394,116395,116396,292],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[285,116397,44035],{"href":12177},[130,116399,116401],{"id":116400},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116403,15297,116404,116406],{},[110,116405,115966],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116408,2242],{},[135,116410,116411,116413,116416],{},[138,116412,116173],{},[138,116414,116415],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[138,116417,116418],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116420,197],{},[28,116422,116424],{"className":30,"code":116423,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116425,116426,116432,116436,116462,116480,116484,116502,116506,116518],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116427,116428,116430],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116429,35199],{"class":1483},[37,116431,115984],{"class":43},[37,116433,116434],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116435,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116437,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116439,12198],{"class":43},[37,116441,48],{"class":47},[37,116443,56385],{"class":51},[37,116445,501],{"class":122},[37,116447,65],{"class":51},[37,116449,890],{"class":122},[37,116451,893],{"class":51},[37,116453,519],{"class":51},[37,116455,1129],{"class":122},[37,116457,65],{"class":51},[37,116459,1134],{"class":122},[37,116461,53334],{"class":51},[37,116463,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116465,14421],{"class":43},[37,116467,48],{"class":47},[37,116469,116024],{"class":43},[37,116471,292],{"class":51},[37,116473,116048],{"class":102},[37,116475,95],{"class":51},[37,116477,12245],{"class":102},[37,116479,85],{"class":51},[37,116481,116482],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116483,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,116487,14440],{"class":43},[37,116489,1067],{"class":51},[37,116491,1070],{"class":122},[37,116493,13659],{"class":51},[37,116495,13662],{"class":102},[37,116497,95],{"class":51},[37,116499,56438],{"class":122},[37,116501,85],{"class":51},[37,116503,116504],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,116505,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116507,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,116509,92],{"class":91},[37,116511,95],{"class":51},[37,116513,12245],{"class":102},[37,116515,18],{"class":51},[37,116517,116265],{"class":3788},[37,116519,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,116521,92],{"class":91},[37,116523,95],{"class":51},[37,116525,14440],{"class":102},[37,116527,18],{"class":51},[37,116529,116383],{"class":3788},[20,116531,116532,116533,116535,116536,292],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116534,116391],{}," does not change ",[15,116537,56542],{},[130,116539,116541],{"id":116540},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116543,116544],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116546,116547],{},"Common reasons:",[135,116549,116550,116553,116556,116562],{},[138,116551,116552],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[138,116554,116555],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[138,116557,116558,116559,116561],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116560,48],{}," does not make a copy",[138,116563,116564],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116566,116567,116568,116570],{},"For example, this does ",[110,116569,711],{}," create a copy:",[28,116572,116574],{"className":30,"code":116573,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116575,116576,116596,116604,116608,116622,116626,116638],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116577,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116579,12198],{"class":43},[37,116581,48],{"class":47},[37,116583,519],{"class":51},[37,116585,501],{"class":122},[37,116587,65],{"class":51},[37,116589,890],{"class":122},[37,116591,65],{"class":51},[37,116593,513],{"class":122},[37,116595,3760],{"class":51},[37,116597,116598,116600,116602],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116599,14421],{"class":43},[37,116601,48],{"class":47},[37,116603,12236],{"class":43},[37,116605,116606],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116607,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116609,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116611,14440],{"class":43},[37,116613,292],{"class":51},[37,116615,13662],{"class":102},[37,116617,95],{"class":51},[37,116619,522],{"class":122},[37,116621,85],{"class":51},[37,116623,116624],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116625,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116627,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,116629,92],{"class":91},[37,116631,95],{"class":51},[37,116633,12245],{"class":102},[37,116635,18],{"class":51},[37,116637,55792],{"class":3788},[37,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,116641,92],{"class":91},[37,116643,95],{"class":51},[37,116645,14440],{"class":102},[37,116647,18],{"class":51},[37,116649,116650],{"class":3788},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116652,116653],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[130,116655,116657],{"id":116656},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116659,116660],{},"These three ideas are different.",[307,116662,116664],{"id":116663},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116666,116667],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[28,116669,116671],{"className":30,"code":116670,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116672,116673,116699,116707,116711],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116676,12198],{"class":43},[37,116678,48],{"class":47},[37,116680,56385],{"class":51},[37,116682,501],{"class":122},[37,116684,65],{"class":51},[37,116686,890],{"class":122},[37,116688,893],{"class":51},[37,116690,519],{"class":51},[37,116692,1129],{"class":122},[37,116694,65],{"class":51},[37,116696,1134],{"class":122},[37,116698,53334],{"class":51},[37,116700,116701,116703,116705],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116702,14212],{"class":43},[37,116704,48],{"class":47},[37,116706,12236],{"class":43},[37,116708,116709],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116710,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116712,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116714,92],{"class":91},[37,116716,95],{"class":51},[37,116718,12198],{"class":102},[37,116720,12306],{"class":1483},[37,116722,14280],{"class":102},[37,116724,18],{"class":51},[37,116726,3789],{"class":3788},[20,116728,116729],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[307,116731,116733],{"id":116732},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116735,116736],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[28,116738,116740],{"className":30,"code":116739,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116741,116742,116768,116782,116786,116803],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116743,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116745,12198],{"class":43},[37,116747,48],{"class":47},[37,116749,56385],{"class":51},[37,116751,501],{"class":122},[37,116753,65],{"class":51},[37,116755,890],{"class":122},[37,116757,893],{"class":51},[37,116759,519],{"class":51},[37,116761,1129],{"class":122},[37,116763,65],{"class":51},[37,116765,1134],{"class":122},[37,116767,53334],{"class":51},[37,116769,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116771,116019],{"class":43},[37,116773,48],{"class":47},[37,116775,12273],{"class":43},[37,116777,292],{"class":51},[37,116779,13023],{"class":102},[37,116781,8761],{"class":51},[37,116783,116784],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116785,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116787,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116799,116801],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116789,92],{"class":91},[37,116791,95],{"class":51},[37,116793,12198],{"class":102},[37,116795,12306],{"class":1483},[37,116797,116798],{"class":102}," shallow",[37,116800,18],{"class":51},[37,116802,21307],{"class":3788},[37,116804,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116806,92],{"class":91},[37,116808,95],{"class":51},[37,116810,12245],{"class":102},[37,116812,1067],{"class":51},[37,116814,1070],{"class":122},[37,116816,13383],{"class":51},[37,116818,1536],{"class":1483},[37,116820,116798],{"class":102},[37,116822,1067],{"class":51},[37,116824,1070],{"class":122},[37,116826,20553],{"class":51},[37,116828,3789],{"class":3788},[307,116830,116832],{"id":116831},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116834,116835],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[28,116837,116839],{"className":30,"code":116838,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116840,116841,116847,116851,116877,116895,116899,116917],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116842,116843,116845],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116844,35199],{"class":1483},[37,116846,115984],{"class":43},[37,116848,116849],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,116850,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116852,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,116854,12198],{"class":43},[37,116856,48],{"class":47},[37,116858,56385],{"class":51},[37,116860,501],{"class":122},[37,116862,65],{"class":51},[37,116864,890],{"class":122},[37,116866,893],{"class":51},[37,116868,519],{"class":51},[37,116870,1129],{"class":122},[37,116872,65],{"class":51},[37,116874,1134],{"class":122},[37,116876,53334],{"class":51},[37,116878,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,116880,116039],{"class":43},[37,116882,48],{"class":47},[37,116884,116024],{"class":43},[37,116886,292],{"class":51},[37,116888,116048],{"class":102},[37,116890,95],{"class":51},[37,116892,12245],{"class":102},[37,116894,85],{"class":51},[37,116896,116897],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,116898,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,116900,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116912,116914],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,116902,92],{"class":91},[37,116904,95],{"class":51},[37,116906,12198],{"class":102},[37,116908,12306],{"class":1483},[37,116910,116911],{"class":102}," deep",[37,116913,18],{"class":51},[37,116915,116916],{"class":3788},"         # False\n",[37,116918,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,116920,92],{"class":91},[37,116922,95],{"class":51},[37,116924,12245],{"class":102},[37,116926,1067],{"class":51},[37,116928,1070],{"class":122},[37,116930,13383],{"class":51},[37,116932,1536],{"class":1483},[37,116934,116911],{"class":102},[37,116936,1067],{"class":51},[37,116938,1070],{"class":122},[37,116940,20553],{"class":51},[37,116942,43971],{"class":3788},[130,116944,116946],{"id":116945},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116948,116949,116950,3013],{},"These all make ",[110,116951,116952],{},"shallow copies",[135,116954,116955,116959,116963,116968,116974],{},[138,116956,116957],{},[15,116958,55692],{},[138,116960,116961],{},[15,116962,12547],{},[138,116964,116965],{},[15,116966,116967],{},"set.copy()",[138,116969,116970,116971],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116972,116973],{},"my_list[:]",[138,116975,116976,116978,116979,35189],{},[15,116977,116126],{}," from the ",[15,116980,13023],{},[20,116982,2260],{},[28,116984,116986],{"className":30,"code":116985,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116987,116988,117008,117012,117026,117037,117041,117053],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,116989,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,116991,207],{"class":43},[37,116993,48],{"class":47},[37,116995,519],{"class":51},[37,116997,501],{"class":122},[37,116999,65],{"class":51},[37,117001,890],{"class":122},[37,117003,65],{"class":51},[37,117005,513],{"class":122},[37,117007,3760],{"class":51},[37,117009,117010],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117011,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117013,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117015,722],{"class":43},[37,117017,48],{"class":47},[37,117019,4383],{"class":43},[37,117021,292],{"class":51},[37,117023,13023],{"class":102},[37,117025,8761],{"class":51},[37,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117029,735],{"class":43},[37,117031,48],{"class":47},[37,117033,4383],{"class":43},[37,117035,117036],{"class":51},"[:]\n",[37,117038,117039],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117040,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117042,117043,117045,117047,117049,117051],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,117044,92],{"class":91},[37,117046,95],{"class":51},[37,117048,285],{"class":102},[37,117050,18],{"class":51},[37,117052,55023],{"class":3788},[37,117054,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,117056,92],{"class":91},[37,117058,95],{"class":51},[37,117060,777],{"class":102},[37,117062,18],{"class":51},[37,117064,55023],{"class":3788},[20,117066,73227,117067,47628,117071,292],{},[285,117068,117069,10856],{"href":55051},[15,117070,55692],{},[285,117072,117073,10856],{"href":12544},[15,117074,12547],{},[130,117076,117078],{"id":117077},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117080,117081],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[135,117083,117084,117087,117090],{},[138,117085,117086],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[138,117088,117089],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[138,117091,117092],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117094,117095],{},"Example with a flat list:",[28,117097,117099],{"className":30,"code":117098,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117100,117101,117121,117135,117139,117153,117157,117169],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117102,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117104,12198],{"class":43},[37,117106,48],{"class":47},[37,117108,519],{"class":51},[37,117110,501],{"class":122},[37,117112,65],{"class":51},[37,117114,890],{"class":122},[37,117116,65],{"class":51},[37,117118,513],{"class":122},[37,117120,3760],{"class":51},[37,117122,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117124,14421],{"class":43},[37,117126,48],{"class":47},[37,117128,12273],{"class":43},[37,117130,292],{"class":51},[37,117132,13023],{"class":102},[37,117134,8761],{"class":51},[37,117136,117137],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117138,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117140,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117142,14440],{"class":43},[37,117144,292],{"class":51},[37,117146,13662],{"class":102},[37,117148,95],{"class":51},[37,117150,522],{"class":122},[37,117152,85],{"class":51},[37,117154,117155],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117156,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117158,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,117160,92],{"class":91},[37,117162,95],{"class":51},[37,117164,12245],{"class":102},[37,117166,18],{"class":51},[37,117168,55023],{"class":3788},[37,117170,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,117172,92],{"class":91},[37,117174,95],{"class":51},[37,117176,14440],{"class":102},[37,117178,18],{"class":51},[37,117180,116650],{"class":3788},[20,117182,117183],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117185,117186,117187,292],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[285,117188,14998],{"href":57311},[130,117190,117192],{"id":117191},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117194,117195],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[135,117197,117198,117201,117204],{},[138,117199,117200],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[138,117202,117203],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[138,117205,117206],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117208,117209],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[28,117211,117213],{"className":30,"code":117212,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117214,117215,117221,117225,117251,117265,117283,117287,117309,117313,117326,117339],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117216,117217,117219],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117218,35199],{"class":1483},[37,117220,115984],{"class":43},[37,117222,117223],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117224,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117226,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117228,12198],{"class":43},[37,117230,48],{"class":47},[37,117232,10605],{"class":51},[37,117234,56],{"class":55},[37,117236,16498],{"class":59},[37,117238,56],{"class":55},[37,117240,3013],{"class":51},[37,117242,519],{"class":51},[37,117244,214],{"class":122},[37,117246,65],{"class":51},[37,117248,219],{"class":122},[37,117250,13815],{"class":51},[37,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117254,116019],{"class":43},[37,117256,48],{"class":47},[37,117258,12273],{"class":43},[37,117260,292],{"class":51},[37,117262,13023],{"class":102},[37,117264,8761],{"class":51},[37,117266,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117268,116039],{"class":43},[37,117270,48],{"class":47},[37,117272,116024],{"class":43},[37,117274,292],{"class":51},[37,117276,116048],{"class":102},[37,117278,95],{"class":51},[37,117280,12245],{"class":102},[37,117282,85],{"class":51},[37,117284,117285],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,117286,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117288,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,117290,12245],{"class":43},[37,117292,1067],{"class":51},[37,117294,56],{"class":55},[37,117296,16498],{"class":59},[37,117298,56],{"class":55},[37,117300,13659],{"class":51},[37,117302,13662],{"class":102},[37,117304,95],{"class":51},[37,117306,36943],{"class":122},[37,117308,85],{"class":51},[37,117310,117311],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,117312,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117314,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,117316,92],{"class":91},[37,117318,95],{"class":51},[37,117320,12245],{"class":102},[37,117322,18],{"class":51},[37,117324,117325],{"class":3788},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[37,117327,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336],{"class":39,"line":6557},[37,117329,92],{"class":91},[37,117331,95],{"class":51},[37,117333,116102],{"class":102},[37,117335,18],{"class":51},[37,117337,117338],{"class":3788},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[37,117340,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349],{"class":39,"line":11708},[37,117342,92],{"class":91},[37,117344,95],{"class":51},[37,117346,116116],{"class":102},[37,117348,18],{"class":51},[37,117350,117351],{"class":3788},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117353,117354],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[130,117356,117358],{"id":117357},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117360,117361],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[135,117363,117364,117367,117370,117373],{},[138,117365,117366],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[138,117368,117369],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[138,117371,117372],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[138,117374,117375],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117377,117378],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[28,117380,117382],{"className":30,"code":117381,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117383,117384,117392,117400,117404,117412,117416,117428],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117385,117386,117388,117390],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117387,722],{"class":43},[37,117389,48],{"class":47},[37,117391,1345],{"class":122},[37,117393,117394,117396,117398],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117395,735],{"class":43},[37,117397,48],{"class":47},[37,117399,1824],{"class":43},[37,117401,117402],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117403,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117405,117406,117408,117410],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117407,735],{"class":43},[37,117409,48],{"class":47},[37,117411,14724],{"class":122},[37,117413,117414],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117415,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117417,117418,117420,117422,117424,117426],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,117419,92],{"class":91},[37,117421,95],{"class":51},[37,117423,285],{"class":102},[37,117425,18],{"class":51},[37,117427,26901],{"class":3788},[37,117429,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,117431,92],{"class":91},[37,117433,95],{"class":51},[37,117435,777],{"class":102},[37,117437,18],{"class":51},[37,117439,27722],{"class":3788},[20,117441,93598,117442,117445],{},[285,117443,117444],{"href":12177},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[130,117447,1854],{"id":1853},[20,117449,117450],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[135,117452,117453,117457,117462,117467,117470],{},[138,117454,1872,117455,56875],{},[15,117456,48],{},[138,117458,1872,117459,117461],{},[15,117460,55692],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[138,117463,1872,117464,117466],{},[15,117465,12547],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[138,117468,117469],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[138,117471,117472],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117474,117475],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[28,117477,117479],{"className":30,"code":117478,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117480,117481,117495,117509,117531,117562],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117484,92],{"class":91},[37,117486,95],{"class":51},[37,117488,12198],{"class":102},[37,117490,12306],{"class":1483},[37,117492,14494],{"class":102},[37,117494,85],{"class":51},[37,117496,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117498,92],{"class":91},[37,117500,95],{"class":51},[37,117502,12198],{"class":102},[37,117504,4807],{"class":47},[37,117506,14494],{"class":102},[37,117508,85],{"class":51},[37,117510,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117512,92],{"class":91},[37,117514,95],{"class":51},[37,117516,12762],{"class":91},[37,117518,95],{"class":51},[37,117520,12245],{"class":102},[37,117522,516],{"class":51},[37,117524,14926],{"class":91},[37,117526,95],{"class":51},[37,117528,14440],{"class":102},[37,117530,106],{"class":51},[37,117532,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117534,92],{"class":91},[37,117536,95],{"class":51},[37,117538,12762],{"class":91},[37,117540,95],{"class":51},[37,117542,12245],{"class":102},[37,117544,1067],{"class":51},[37,117546,1070],{"class":122},[37,117548,117549],{"class":51},"]),",[37,117551,14926],{"class":91},[37,117553,95],{"class":51},[37,117555,14440],{"class":102},[37,117557,1067],{"class":51},[37,117559,1070],{"class":122},[37,117561,1073],{"class":51},[37,117563,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117565,92],{"class":91},[37,117567,95],{"class":51},[37,117569,757],{"class":756},[37,117571,95],{"class":51},[37,117573,12245],{"class":102},[37,117575,106],{"class":51},[20,117577,117578],{},"What they tell you:",[135,117580,117581,117586,117591,117596,117606],{},[138,117582,117583,117585],{},[15,117584,12306],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[138,117587,117588,117590],{},[15,117589,4807],{}," checks whether values are equal",[138,117592,117593,117595],{},[15,117594,43587],{}," shows the identity of an object",[138,117597,117598,117599,851,117602,117605],{},"comparing ",[15,117600,117601],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117603,117604],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[138,117607,117608,117610],{},[15,117609,2435],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[130,117612,1969],{"id":1968},[307,117614,117616],{"id":117615},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117618,117619],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[307,117621,57361],{"id":57276},[20,117623,117624],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[307,117626,117628],{"id":117627},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117630,117631],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[307,117633,117635],{"id":117634},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117637,117638],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[307,117640,117642],{"id":117641},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117644,117645],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[130,117647,2025],{"id":2024},[135,117649,117650,117655,117661,117667,117671],{},[138,117651,117652],{},[285,117653,117654],{"href":12177},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[138,117656,117657],{},[285,117658,288,117659,10856],{"href":55051},[15,117660,55692],{},[138,117662,117663],{},[285,117664,288,117665,10856],{"href":12544},[15,117666,12547],{},[138,117668,117669],{},[285,117670,15075],{"href":57311},[138,117672,117673],{},[285,117674,117675],{"href":58586},"What is a list in Python?",[2052,117677,117678],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":117680},[117681,117682,117683,117684,117685,117686,117691,117692,117693,117694,117695,117696,117703],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":116136,"depth":88,"text":116137},{"id":116157,"depth":88,"text":116158},{"id":116400,"depth":88,"text":116401},{"id":116540,"depth":88,"text":116541},{"id":116656,"depth":88,"text":116657,"children":117687},[117688,117689,117690],{"id":116663,"depth":251,"text":116664},{"id":116732,"depth":251,"text":116733},{"id":116831,"depth":251,"text":116832},{"id":116945,"depth":88,"text":116946},{"id":117077,"depth":88,"text":117078},{"id":117191,"depth":88,"text":117192},{"id":117357,"depth":88,"text":117358},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":117697},[117698,117699,117700,117701,117702],{"id":117615,"depth":251,"text":117616},{"id":57276,"depth":251,"text":57361},{"id":117627,"depth":251,"text":117628},{"id":117634,"depth":251,"text":117635},{"id":117641,"depth":251,"text":117642},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115937,"description":117704},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117710,"title":117711,"body":117712,"description":119569,"extension":2099,"meta":119570,"navigation":254,"path":119571,"seo":119572,"stem":119573,"__hash__":119574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117713,"toc":119527},[117714,117719,117724,117732,117734,117802,117807,117812,117827,117830,117832,117863,117865,117885,117888,117903,117905,117908,117981,117983,118028,118030,118041,118046,118050,118055,118058,118097,118099,118119,118122,118179,118181,118216,118219,118258,118260,118280,118283,118314,118316,118372,118374,118379,118450,118452,118485,118490,118495,118560,118562,118599,118602,118679,118681,118741,118748,118753,118756,118759,118840,118842,118883,118888,118891,118969,118971,119004,119013,119020,119023,119034,119037,119048,119052,119060,119069,119073,119078,119082,119087,119130,119133,119139,119142,119144,119191,119196,119200,119203,119252,119254,119275,119278,119280,119305,119308,119429,119434,119436,119441,119444,119449,119452,119460,119465,119472,119475,119483,119486,119488,119524],[10,117715,288,117717,3704],{"id":117716},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117718,74511],{},[20,117720,117721,117723],{},[15,117722,74511],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117725,117726,117727,2321,117729,117731],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117728,77954],{},[15,117730,74511],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[130,117733,3734],{"id":3733},[28,117735,117737],{"className":30,"code":117736,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117738,117739,117759,117773,117777,117789],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117740,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117742,207],{"class":43},[37,117744,48],{"class":47},[37,117746,519],{"class":51},[37,117748,1129],{"class":122},[37,117750,65],{"class":51},[37,117752,5619],{"class":122},[37,117754,65],{"class":51},[37,117756,890],{"class":122},[37,117758,3760],{"class":51},[37,117760,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117762,2362],{"class":43},[37,117764,48],{"class":47},[37,117766,74645],{"class":91},[37,117768,95],{"class":51},[37,117770,246],{"class":102},[37,117772,85],{"class":51},[37,117774,117775],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117776,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117778,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117780,92],{"class":91},[37,117782,95],{"class":51},[37,117784,2397],{"class":102},[37,117786,18],{"class":51},[37,117788,55779],{"class":3788},[37,117790,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117792,92],{"class":91},[37,117794,95],{"class":51},[37,117796,246],{"class":102},[37,117798,18],{"class":51},[37,117800,117801],{"class":3788},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117803,117804,117806],{},[15,117805,74511],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[130,117808,296,117810,3805],{"id":117809},"what-sorted-does",[15,117811,74511],{},[135,117813,117814,117818,117821,117824],{},[138,117815,117816,63017],{},[15,117817,74511],{},[138,117819,117820],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[138,117822,117823],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[138,117825,117826],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117828,117829],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[130,117831,159],{"id":158},[28,117833,117835],{"className":30,"code":117834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117836,117837],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117838,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117840,74601],{"class":91},[37,117842,95],{"class":51},[37,117844,3846],{"class":102},[37,117846,65],{"class":51},[37,117848,21686],{"class":9294},[37,117850,48],{"class":47},[37,117852,3904],{"class":3977},[37,117854,65],{"class":51},[37,117856,78157],{"class":9294},[37,117858,48],{"class":47},[37,117860,3799],{"class":3977},[37,117862,85],{"class":51},[307,117864,17504],{"id":17503},[135,117866,117867,117872,117877],{},[138,117868,117869,117871],{},[15,117870,3846],{},": the values to sort",[138,117873,117874,117876],{},[15,117875,14951],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[138,117878,117879,117881,117882,117884],{},[15,117880,73664],{},": set to ",[15,117883,3729],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117886,117887],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[28,117889,117891],{"className":30,"code":117890,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117892,117893],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117894,117895,117897,117899,117901],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117896,74601],{"class":91},[37,117898,95],{"class":51},[37,117900,60398],{"class":102},[37,117902,85],{"class":51},[130,117904,11590],{"id":11589},[20,117906,117907],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[28,117909,117911],{"className":30,"code":117910,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117912,117913,117937,117941,117956,117960,117971],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117914,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117916,207],{"class":43},[37,117918,48],{"class":47},[37,117920,519],{"class":51},[37,117922,446],{"class":122},[37,117924,65],{"class":51},[37,117926,890],{"class":122},[37,117928,65],{"class":51},[37,117930,6481],{"class":122},[37,117932,65],{"class":51},[37,117934,5619],{"class":122},[37,117936,3760],{"class":51},[37,117938,117939],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,117940,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117942,117943,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,117944,117945],{"class":43},"sorted_numbers ",[37,117947,48],{"class":47},[37,117949,74645],{"class":91},[37,117951,95],{"class":51},[37,117953,246],{"class":102},[37,117955,85],{"class":51},[37,117957,117958],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,117959,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,117961,117962,117964,117966,117969],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,117963,92],{"class":91},[37,117965,95],{"class":51},[37,117967,117968],{"class":102},"sorted_numbers",[37,117970,85],{"class":51},[37,117972,117973,117975,117977,117979],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,117974,92],{"class":91},[37,117976,95],{"class":51},[37,117978,246],{"class":102},[37,117980,85],{"class":51},[20,117982,112],{},[28,117984,117986],{"className":30,"code":117985,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117987,117988,118008],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,117991,1067],{"class":51},[37,117993,501],{"class":122},[37,117995,65],{"class":51},[37,117997,890],{"class":122},[37,117999,65],{"class":51},[37,118001,527],{"class":122},[37,118003,65],{"class":51},[37,118005,6481],{"class":122},[37,118007,3760],{"class":51},[37,118009,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118011,1067],{"class":51},[37,118013,446],{"class":122},[37,118015,65],{"class":51},[37,118017,890],{"class":122},[37,118019,65],{"class":51},[37,118021,6481],{"class":122},[37,118023,65],{"class":51},[37,118025,5619],{"class":122},[37,118027,3760],{"class":51},[20,118029,13872],{},[135,118031,118032,118037],{},[138,118033,118034,118036],{},[15,118035,117968],{}," is a new sorted list",[138,118038,118039,112573],{},[15,118040,246],{},[20,118042,118043,118044,292],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[285,118045,78464],{"href":78463},[130,118047,118049],{"id":118048},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118051,118052,118054],{},[15,118053,74511],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[307,118056,118057],{"id":8213},"List",[28,118059,118061],{"className":30,"code":118060,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118062,118063,118083],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118064,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118066,207],{"class":43},[37,118068,48],{"class":47},[37,118070,519],{"class":51},[37,118072,1129],{"class":122},[37,118074,65],{"class":51},[37,118076,5619],{"class":122},[37,118078,65],{"class":51},[37,118080,890],{"class":122},[37,118082,3760],{"class":51},[37,118084,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118086,92],{"class":91},[37,118088,95],{"class":51},[37,118090,74601],{"class":91},[37,118092,95],{"class":51},[37,118094,246],{"class":102},[37,118096,106],{"class":51},[20,118098,112],{},[28,118100,118101],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,118102,118103],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118104,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118106,1067],{"class":51},[37,118108,501],{"class":122},[37,118110,65],{"class":51},[37,118112,890],{"class":122},[37,118114,65],{"class":51},[37,118116,513],{"class":122},[37,118118,3760],{"class":51},[307,118120,118121],{"id":835},"Tuple",[28,118123,118125],{"className":30,"code":118124,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118126,118127,118147,118161],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118128,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118130,1111],{"class":43},[37,118132,48],{"class":47},[37,118134,52],{"class":51},[37,118136,1129],{"class":122},[37,118138,65],{"class":51},[37,118140,5619],{"class":122},[37,118142,65],{"class":51},[37,118144,890],{"class":122},[37,118146,85],{"class":51},[37,118148,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118150,92],{"class":91},[37,118152,95],{"class":51},[37,118154,74601],{"class":91},[37,118156,95],{"class":51},[37,118158,1160],{"class":102},[37,118160,106],{"class":51},[37,118162,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,118164,92],{"class":91},[37,118166,95],{"class":51},[37,118168,757],{"class":756},[37,118170,95],{"class":51},[37,118172,74601],{"class":91},[37,118174,95],{"class":51},[37,118176,1160],{"class":102},[37,118178,3041],{"class":51},[20,118180,112],{},[28,118182,118184],{"className":30,"code":118183,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118185,118186,118202],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118187,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118189,1067],{"class":51},[37,118191,501],{"class":122},[37,118193,65],{"class":51},[37,118195,890],{"class":122},[37,118197,65],{"class":51},[37,118199,513],{"class":122},[37,118201,3760],{"class":51},[37,118203,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118205,808],{"class":47},[37,118207,812],{"class":811},[37,118209,815],{"class":55},[37,118211,8213],{"class":59},[37,118213,821],{"class":55},[37,118215,824],{"class":47},[307,118217,118218],{"id":6408},"Set",[28,118220,118222],{"className":30,"code":118221,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118223,118224,118244],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118225,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118227,1111],{"class":43},[37,118229,48],{"class":47},[37,118231,10605],{"class":51},[37,118233,1129],{"class":122},[37,118235,65],{"class":51},[37,118237,5619],{"class":122},[37,118239,65],{"class":51},[37,118241,890],{"class":122},[37,118243,9424],{"class":51},[37,118245,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118247,92],{"class":91},[37,118249,95],{"class":51},[37,118251,74601],{"class":91},[37,118253,95],{"class":51},[37,118255,1160],{"class":102},[37,118257,106],{"class":51},[20,118259,112],{},[28,118261,118262],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,118263,118264],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118265,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118267,1067],{"class":51},[37,118269,501],{"class":122},[37,118271,65],{"class":51},[37,118273,890],{"class":122},[37,118275,65],{"class":51},[37,118277,513],{"class":122},[37,118279,3760],{"class":51},[307,118281,118282],{"id":61265},"String",[28,118284,118286],{"className":30,"code":118285,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118287,118288,118300],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118291,34795],{"class":43},[37,118293,48],{"class":47},[37,118295,68],{"class":55},[37,118297,32],{"class":59},[37,118299,3484],{"class":55},[37,118301,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118303,92],{"class":91},[37,118305,95],{"class":51},[37,118307,74601],{"class":91},[37,118309,95],{"class":51},[37,118311,34816],{"class":102},[37,118313,106],{"class":51},[20,118315,112],{},[28,118317,118318],{"className":30,"code":79481,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,118319,118320],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118321,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118323,1067],{"class":51},[37,118325,821],{"class":55},[37,118327,60529],{"class":59},[37,118329,821],{"class":55},[37,118331,65],{"class":51},[37,118333,815],{"class":55},[37,118335,76117],{"class":59},[37,118337,821],{"class":55},[37,118339,65],{"class":51},[37,118341,815],{"class":55},[37,118343,60564],{"class":59},[37,118345,821],{"class":55},[37,118347,65],{"class":51},[37,118349,815],{"class":55},[37,118351,20],{"class":59},[37,118353,821],{"class":55},[37,118355,65],{"class":51},[37,118357,815],{"class":55},[37,118359,63378],{"class":59},[37,118361,821],{"class":55},[37,118363,65],{"class":51},[37,118365,815],{"class":55},[37,118367,909],{"class":59},[37,118369,821],{"class":55},[37,118371,3760],{"class":51},[307,118373,29330],{"id":15713},[20,118375,63631,118376,118378],{},[15,118377,74511],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[28,118380,118382],{"className":30,"code":118381,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118383,118384,118436],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118385,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118387,13314],{"class":43},[37,118389,48],{"class":47},[37,118391,10605],{"class":51},[37,118393,56],{"class":55},[37,118395,7790],{"class":59},[37,118397,56],{"class":55},[37,118399,3013],{"class":51},[37,118401,68],{"class":55},[37,118403,1646],{"class":59},[37,118405,56],{"class":55},[37,118407,65],{"class":51},[37,118409,68],{"class":55},[37,118411,9415],{"class":59},[37,118413,56],{"class":55},[37,118415,3013],{"class":51},[37,118417,219],{"class":122},[37,118419,65],{"class":51},[37,118421,68],{"class":55},[37,118423,10523],{"class":59},[37,118425,56],{"class":55},[37,118427,3013],{"class":51},[37,118429,68],{"class":55},[37,118431,16140],{"class":59},[37,118433,56],{"class":55},[37,118435,9424],{"class":51},[37,118437,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118439,92],{"class":91},[37,118441,95],{"class":51},[37,118443,74601],{"class":91},[37,118445,95],{"class":51},[37,118447,17416],{"class":102},[37,118449,106],{"class":51},[20,118451,112],{},[28,118453,118455],{"className":30,"code":118454,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118456,118457],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118458,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118460,1067],{"class":51},[37,118462,821],{"class":55},[37,118464,9415],{"class":59},[37,118466,821],{"class":55},[37,118468,65],{"class":51},[37,118470,815],{"class":55},[37,118472,10523],{"class":59},[37,118474,821],{"class":55},[37,118476,65],{"class":51},[37,118478,815],{"class":55},[37,118480,7790],{"class":59},[37,118482,821],{"class":55},[37,118484,3760],{"class":51},[130,118486,1872,118488],{"id":118487},"using-reversetrue",[15,118489,78178],{},[20,118491,22,118492,118494],{},[15,118493,78178],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[28,118496,118498],{"className":30,"code":118497,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118499,118500,118520,118524,118538],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118501,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118503,207],{"class":43},[37,118505,48],{"class":47},[37,118507,519],{"class":51},[37,118509,1129],{"class":122},[37,118511,65],{"class":51},[37,118513,5619],{"class":122},[37,118515,65],{"class":51},[37,118517,890],{"class":122},[37,118519,3760],{"class":51},[37,118521,118522],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118523,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,118525,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,118527,92],{"class":91},[37,118529,95],{"class":51},[37,118531,74601],{"class":91},[37,118533,95],{"class":51},[37,118535,246],{"class":102},[37,118537,106],{"class":51},[37,118539,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,118541,92],{"class":91},[37,118543,95],{"class":51},[37,118545,74601],{"class":91},[37,118547,95],{"class":51},[37,118549,246],{"class":102},[37,118551,65],{"class":51},[37,118553,78157],{"class":9294},[37,118555,48],{"class":47},[37,118557,3729],{"class":3977},[37,118559,106],{"class":51},[20,118561,112],{},[28,118563,118565],{"className":30,"code":118564,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118566,118567,118583],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118568,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118570,1067],{"class":51},[37,118572,501],{"class":122},[37,118574,65],{"class":51},[37,118576,890],{"class":122},[37,118578,65],{"class":51},[37,118580,513],{"class":122},[37,118582,3760],{"class":51},[37,118584,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118586,1067],{"class":51},[37,118588,1129],{"class":122},[37,118590,65],{"class":51},[37,118592,890],{"class":122},[37,118594,65],{"class":51},[37,118596,5619],{"class":122},[37,118598,3760],{"class":51},[20,118600,118601],{},"This also works with strings:",[28,118603,118605],{"className":30,"code":118604,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118606,118607,118639,118643,118657],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118608,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118610,965],{"class":43},[37,118612,48],{"class":47},[37,118614,519],{"class":51},[37,118616,56],{"class":55},[37,118618,329],{"class":59},[37,118620,56],{"class":55},[37,118622,65],{"class":51},[37,118624,68],{"class":55},[37,118626,338],{"class":59},[37,118628,56],{"class":55},[37,118630,65],{"class":51},[37,118632,68],{"class":55},[37,118634,4218],{"class":59},[37,118636,56],{"class":55},[37,118638,3760],{"class":51},[37,118640,118641],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118642,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,118644,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,118646,92],{"class":91},[37,118648,95],{"class":51},[37,118650,74601],{"class":91},[37,118652,95],{"class":51},[37,118654,999],{"class":102},[37,118656,106],{"class":51},[37,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,118660,92],{"class":91},[37,118662,95],{"class":51},[37,118664,74601],{"class":91},[37,118666,95],{"class":51},[37,118668,999],{"class":102},[37,118670,65],{"class":51},[37,118672,78157],{"class":9294},[37,118674,48],{"class":47},[37,118676,3729],{"class":3977},[37,118678,106],{"class":51},[20,118680,112],{},[28,118682,118683],{"className":30,"code":74245,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,118684,118685,118713],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118686,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118688,1067],{"class":51},[37,118690,821],{"class":55},[37,118692,329],{"class":59},[37,118694,821],{"class":55},[37,118696,65],{"class":51},[37,118698,815],{"class":55},[37,118700,338],{"class":59},[37,118702,821],{"class":55},[37,118704,65],{"class":51},[37,118706,815],{"class":55},[37,118708,4218],{"class":59},[37,118710,821],{"class":55},[37,118712,3760],{"class":51},[37,118714,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118716,1067],{"class":51},[37,118718,821],{"class":55},[37,118720,4218],{"class":59},[37,118722,821],{"class":55},[37,118724,65],{"class":51},[37,118726,815],{"class":55},[37,118728,338],{"class":59},[37,118730,821],{"class":55},[37,118732,65],{"class":51},[37,118734,815],{"class":55},[37,118736,329],{"class":59},[37,118738,821],{"class":55},[37,118740,3760],{"class":51},[130,118742,1872,118744,118747],{"id":118743},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118745,118746],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118749,1531,118750,118752],{},[15,118751,118746],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118754,118755],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118757,118758],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[28,118760,118762],{"className":30,"code":118761,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118763,118764,118804,118808,118830],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118765,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118767,965],{"class":43},[37,118769,48],{"class":47},[37,118771,519],{"class":51},[37,118773,56],{"class":55},[37,118775,78831],{"class":59},[37,118777,56],{"class":55},[37,118779,65],{"class":51},[37,118781,68],{"class":55},[37,118783,38460],{"class":59},[37,118785,56],{"class":55},[37,118787,65],{"class":51},[37,118789,68],{"class":55},[37,118791,338],{"class":59},[37,118793,56],{"class":55},[37,118795,65],{"class":51},[37,118797,68],{"class":55},[37,118799,38443],{"class":59},[37,118801,56],{"class":55},[37,118803,3760],{"class":51},[37,118805,118806],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118807,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,118809,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,118811,2362],{"class":43},[37,118813,48],{"class":47},[37,118815,74645],{"class":91},[37,118817,95],{"class":51},[37,118819,999],{"class":102},[37,118821,65],{"class":51},[37,118823,21686],{"class":9294},[37,118825,48],{"class":47},[37,118827,17],{"class":91},[37,118829,85],{"class":51},[37,118831,118832,118834,118836,118838],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,118833,92],{"class":91},[37,118835,95],{"class":51},[37,118837,2397],{"class":102},[37,118839,85],{"class":51},[20,118841,112],{},[28,118843,118845],{"className":30,"code":118844,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118846,118847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118848,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118850,1067],{"class":51},[37,118852,821],{"class":55},[37,118854,38460],{"class":59},[37,118856,821],{"class":55},[37,118858,65],{"class":51},[37,118860,815],{"class":55},[37,118862,78831],{"class":59},[37,118864,821],{"class":55},[37,118866,65],{"class":51},[37,118868,815],{"class":55},[37,118870,38443],{"class":59},[37,118872,821],{"class":55},[37,118874,65],{"class":51},[37,118876,815],{"class":55},[37,118878,338],{"class":59},[37,118880,821],{"class":55},[37,118882,3760],{"class":51},[20,118884,1088,118885,118887],{},[15,118886,17],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118889,118890],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[28,118892,118894],{"className":30,"code":118893,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118895,118896,118929,118933,118959],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118897,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118925,118927],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118899,965],{"class":43},[37,118901,48],{"class":47},[37,118903,519],{"class":51},[37,118905,56],{"class":55},[37,118907,83450],{"class":59},[37,118909,56],{"class":55},[37,118911,65],{"class":51},[37,118913,68],{"class":55},[37,118915,329],{"class":59},[37,118917,56],{"class":55},[37,118919,65],{"class":51},[37,118921,68],{"class":55},[37,118923,118924],{"class":59},"Cherry",[37,118926,56],{"class":55},[37,118928,3760],{"class":51},[37,118930,118931],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,118932,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,118934,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,118936,2362],{"class":43},[37,118938,48],{"class":47},[37,118940,74645],{"class":91},[37,118942,95],{"class":51},[37,118944,999],{"class":102},[37,118946,65],{"class":51},[37,118948,21686],{"class":9294},[37,118950,48],{"class":47},[37,118952,3569],{"class":756},[37,118954,292],{"class":51},[37,118956,8758],{"class":24857},[37,118958,85],{"class":51},[37,118960,118961,118963,118965,118967],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,118962,92],{"class":91},[37,118964,95],{"class":51},[37,118966,2397],{"class":102},[37,118968,85],{"class":51},[20,118970,112],{},[28,118972,118974],{"className":30,"code":118973,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118975,118976],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,118977,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,118979,1067],{"class":51},[37,118981,821],{"class":55},[37,118983,329],{"class":59},[37,118985,821],{"class":55},[37,118987,65],{"class":51},[37,118989,815],{"class":55},[37,118991,83450],{"class":59},[37,118993,821],{"class":55},[37,118995,65],{"class":51},[37,118997,815],{"class":55},[37,118999,118924],{"class":59},[37,119001,821],{"class":55},[37,119003,3760],{"class":51},[20,119005,119006,119007,35438,119009,292],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119008,25],{},[285,119010,288,119011,291],{"href":287},[15,119012,25],{},[130,119014,119016,10700,119018],{"id":119015},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119017,74511],{},[15,119019,77954],{},[20,119021,119022],{},"The main difference is this:",[135,119024,119025,119030],{},[138,119026,119027,119029],{},[15,119028,74511],{}," returns a new list",[138,119031,119032,74049],{},[15,119033,77954],{},[20,119035,119036],{},"Also:",[135,119038,119039,119044],{},[138,119040,119041,119043],{},[15,119042,74511],{}," works with many iterables",[138,119045,119046,79387],{},[15,119047,77954],{},[20,119049,22,119050,10716],{},[15,119051,74511],{},[135,119053,119054,119057],{},[138,119055,119056],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[138,119058,119059],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119061,119062,119063,292],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[285,119064,288,119065,10700,119067,5905],{"href":79212},[15,119066,74511],{},[15,119068,77954],{},[130,119070,119072],{"id":119071},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119074,119075,119076,292],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119077,74511],{},[307,119079,119081],{"id":119080},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119083,119084,119085,3013],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119086,3133],{},[28,119088,119090],{"className":30,"code":119089,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119091,119092,119116],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119093,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119095,1111],{"class":43},[37,119097,48],{"class":47},[37,119099,519],{"class":51},[37,119101,501],{"class":122},[37,119103,65],{"class":51},[37,119105,68],{"class":55},[37,119107,508],{"class":59},[37,119109,56],{"class":55},[37,119111,65],{"class":51},[37,119113,513],{"class":122},[37,119115,3760],{"class":51},[37,119117,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119119,92],{"class":91},[37,119121,95],{"class":51},[37,119123,74601],{"class":91},[37,119125,95],{"class":51},[37,119127,1160],{"class":102},[37,119129,106],{"class":51},[20,119131,119132],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[307,119134,119136,119137,2436],{"id":119135},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119138,14951],{},[20,119140,119141],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119143,197],{},[28,119145,119147],{"className":30,"code":119146,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119148,119149,119169],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119150,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119152,207],{"class":43},[37,119154,48],{"class":47},[37,119156,519],{"class":51},[37,119158,214],{"class":122},[37,119160,65],{"class":51},[37,119162,890],{"class":122},[37,119164,65],{"class":51},[37,119166,224],{"class":122},[37,119168,3760],{"class":51},[37,119170,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119172,92],{"class":91},[37,119174,95],{"class":51},[37,119176,74601],{"class":91},[37,119178,95],{"class":51},[37,119180,246],{"class":102},[37,119182,65],{"class":51},[37,119184,21686],{"class":9294},[37,119186,48],{"class":47},[37,119188,17],{"class":91},[37,119190,106],{"class":51},[20,119192,48605,119193,119195],{},[15,119194,25],{}," does not work on integers.",[307,119197,119199],{"id":119198},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119201,119202],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[28,119204,119206],{"className":30,"code":119205,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119207,119208,119228,119238,119242],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119209,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119211,207],{"class":43},[37,119213,48],{"class":47},[37,119215,519],{"class":51},[37,119217,1129],{"class":122},[37,119219,65],{"class":51},[37,119221,5619],{"class":122},[37,119223,65],{"class":51},[37,119225,890],{"class":122},[37,119227,3760],{"class":51},[37,119229,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119231,74601],{"class":91},[37,119233,95],{"class":51},[37,119235,246],{"class":102},[37,119237,85],{"class":51},[37,119239,119240],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,119241,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,119243,119244,119246,119248,119250],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,119245,92],{"class":91},[37,119247,95],{"class":51},[37,119249,246],{"class":102},[37,119251,85],{"class":51},[20,119253,112],{},[28,119255,119257],{"className":30,"code":119256,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119258,119259],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119262,1067],{"class":51},[37,119264,1129],{"class":122},[37,119266,65],{"class":51},[37,119268,5619],{"class":122},[37,119270,65],{"class":51},[37,119272,890],{"class":122},[37,119274,3760],{"class":51},[20,119276,119277],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[130,119279,1854],{"id":1853},[135,119281,119282,119286,119289,119294,119298],{},[138,119283,4699,119284,74049],{},[15,119285,74511],{},[138,119287,119288],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[138,119290,4823,119291,119293],{},[15,119292,74511],{}," always returns a list",[138,119295,1872,119296,23210],{},[15,119297,118746],{},[138,119299,29757,119300,119302,119303],{},[15,119301,64402],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119304,74511],{},[20,119306,119307],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[28,119309,119311],{"className":30,"code":119310,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119312,119313,119335,119361,119399],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119314,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119316,92],{"class":91},[37,119318,95],{"class":51},[37,119320,74601],{"class":91},[37,119322,3115],{"class":51},[37,119324,1129],{"class":122},[37,119326,65],{"class":51},[37,119328,5619],{"class":122},[37,119330,65],{"class":51},[37,119332,890],{"class":122},[37,119334,1073],{"class":51},[37,119336,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119338,92],{"class":91},[37,119340,95],{"class":51},[37,119342,757],{"class":756},[37,119344,95],{"class":51},[37,119346,74601],{"class":91},[37,119348,5632],{"class":51},[37,119350,1129],{"class":122},[37,119352,65],{"class":51},[37,119354,5619],{"class":122},[37,119356,65],{"class":51},[37,119358,890],{"class":122},[37,119360,93454],{"class":51},[37,119362,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,119364,92],{"class":91},[37,119366,95],{"class":51},[37,119368,74601],{"class":91},[37,119370,3115],{"class":51},[37,119372,821],{"class":55},[37,119374,83450],{"class":59},[37,119376,821],{"class":55},[37,119378,65],{"class":51},[37,119380,815],{"class":55},[37,119382,329],{"class":59},[37,119384,821],{"class":55},[37,119386,893],{"class":51},[37,119388,21686],{"class":9294},[37,119390,48],{"class":47},[37,119392,3569],{"class":756},[37,119394,292],{"class":51},[37,119396,8758],{"class":24857},[37,119398,106],{"class":51},[37,119400,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,119402,92],{"class":91},[37,119404,95],{"class":51},[37,119406,74601],{"class":91},[37,119408,3115],{"class":51},[37,119410,1129],{"class":122},[37,119412,65],{"class":51},[37,119414,5619],{"class":122},[37,119416,65],{"class":51},[37,119418,890],{"class":122},[37,119420,893],{"class":51},[37,119422,78157],{"class":9294},[37,119424,48],{"class":47},[37,119426,3729],{"class":3977},[37,119428,106],{"class":51},[20,119430,119431,119432,292],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[285,119433,52863],{"href":51072},[130,119435,1969],{"id":1968},[307,119437,1983,119439,57255],{"id":119438},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119440,74511],{},[20,119442,119443],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[307,119445,5262,119447,12828],{"id":119446},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119448,74511],{},[20,119450,119451],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[307,119453,119455,119456,1866,119458,2623],{"id":119454},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119457,74511],{},[15,119459,77954],{},[20,119461,22,119462,119464],{},[15,119463,74511],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[307,119466,5262,119468,86538,119470,2623],{"id":119467},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119469,118746],{},[15,119471,74511],{},[20,119473,119474],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[307,119476,5278,119478,119480,119481,2623],{"id":119477},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119479,74511],{}," give a ",[15,119482,3133],{},[20,119484,119485],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[130,119487,2025],{"id":2024},[135,119489,119490,119494,119502,119506,119512,119518],{},[138,119491,119492],{},[285,119493,79960],{"href":78463},[138,119495,119496],{},[285,119497,288,119498,10700,119500,5905],{"href":79212},[15,119499,74511],{},[15,119501,77954],{},[138,119503,119504],{},[285,119505,52863],{"href":51072},[138,119507,119508],{},[285,119509,288,119510,291],{"href":287},[15,119511,25],{},[138,119513,119514],{},[285,119515,288,119516,291],{"href":92110},[15,119517,35858],{},[138,119519,119520],{},[285,119521,288,119522,291],{"href":36298},[15,119523,36301],{},[2052,119525,119526],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":119528},[119529,119530,119532,119535,119536,119543,119545,119547,119549,119555,119556,119568],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":117809,"depth":88,"text":119531},"What sorted() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":119533},[119534],{"id":17503,"depth":251,"text":17504},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":118048,"depth":88,"text":118049,"children":119537},[119538,119539,119540,119541,119542],{"id":8213,"depth":251,"text":118057},{"id":835,"depth":251,"text":118121},{"id":6408,"depth":251,"text":118218},{"id":61265,"depth":251,"text":118282},{"id":15713,"depth":251,"text":29330},{"id":118487,"depth":88,"text":119544},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118743,"depth":88,"text":119546},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119015,"depth":88,"text":119548},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119071,"depth":88,"text":119072,"children":119550},[119551,119552,119554],{"id":119080,"depth":251,"text":119081},{"id":119135,"depth":251,"text":119553},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119198,"depth":251,"text":119199},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":119557},[119558,119560,119562,119564,119566],{"id":119438,"depth":251,"text":119559},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119446,"depth":251,"text":119561},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119454,"depth":251,"text":119563},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119467,"depth":251,"text":119565},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119477,"depth":251,"text":119567},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117711,"description":119569},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119576,"title":119577,"body":119578,"description":121689,"extension":2099,"meta":121690,"navigation":254,"path":79212,"seo":121691,"stem":121692,"__hash__":121693},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119579,"toc":121636},[119580,119587,119590,119600,119606,119609,119627,119635,119637,119696,119704,119708,119730,119734,119738,119740,119757,119759,119771,119777,119861,119865,119912,119918,119925,119929,119934,119936,119948,119953,120006,120010,120030,120037,120044,120048,120051,120070,120074,120188,120192,120262,120264,120276,120281,120285,120298,120302,120377,120381,120420,120427,120433,120438,120442,120456,120460,120525,120529,120562,120565,120570,120578,120585,120598,120601,120605,120688,120692,120729,120733,120836,120840,120901,120906,120913,120917,120920,120926,120929,120996,121000,121024,121026,121044,121051,121104,121108,121128,121134,121136,121193,121200,121226,121231,121236,121244,121250,121310,121314,121361,121364,121366,121369,121395,121398,121491,121493,121513,121517,121520,121538,121544,121546,121554,121559,121566,121569,121575,121578,121584,121592,121600,121605,121607,121633],[10,119581,288,119583,10700,119585,93168],{"id":119582},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119584,74511],{},[15,119586,77954],{},[20,119588,119589],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[135,119591,119592,119596],{},[138,119593,119594],{},[15,119595,74511],{},[138,119597,119598],{},[15,119599,77954],{},[20,119601,119602,119603,119605],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[110,119604,711],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119607,119608],{},"The main difference is simple:",[135,119610,119611,119619],{},[138,119612,22,119613,119615,119616],{},[15,119614,74511],{}," when you want a ",[110,119617,119618],{},"new sorted result",[138,119620,22,119621,119623,119624],{},[15,119622,77954],{}," when you want to ",[110,119625,119626],{},"change the original list",[20,119628,119629,119630,2530,119632,119634],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119631,77954],{},[15,119633,3904],{}," and causes confusion.",[130,119636,3734],{"id":3733},[28,119638,119640],{"className":30,"code":119639,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119641,119642,119662,119666,119683],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119643,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119645,207],{"class":43},[37,119647,48],{"class":47},[37,119649,519],{"class":51},[37,119651,1129],{"class":122},[37,119653,65],{"class":51},[37,119655,5619],{"class":122},[37,119657,65],{"class":51},[37,119659,890],{"class":122},[37,119661,3760],{"class":51},[37,119663,119664],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119665,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,119667,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,119669,55981],{"class":43},[37,119671,48],{"class":47},[37,119673,74645],{"class":91},[37,119675,95],{"class":51},[37,119677,246],{"class":102},[37,119679,18],{"class":51},[37,119681,119682],{"class":3788},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[37,119684,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,119686,246],{"class":43},[37,119688,292],{"class":51},[37,119690,34907],{"class":102},[37,119692,7487],{"class":51},[37,119694,119695],{"class":3788},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119697,22,119698,119700,119701,119703],{},[15,119699,74511],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119702,77954],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[130,119705,119707],{"id":119706},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[135,119709,119710,119715,119720,119727],{},[138,119711,22,119712,119714],{},[15,119713,74511],{}," to get a new sorted list",[138,119716,22,119717,119719],{},[15,119718,77954],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[138,119721,119722,119723,2530,119725],{},"Understand why ",[15,119724,77954],{},[15,119726,3904],{},[138,119728,119729],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[130,119731,296,119732,3805],{"id":117809},[15,119733,74511],{},[20,119735,119736,63017],{},[15,119737,74511],{},[20,119739,49021],{},[135,119741,119742,119748,119754],{},[138,119743,119744,119745],{},"returns a ",[110,119746,119747],{},"new list",[138,119749,119750,119751,119753],{},"does ",[110,119752,711],{}," change the original data",[138,119755,119756],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119758,51226],{},[135,119760,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769],{},[138,119762,5421],{},[138,119764,5424],{},[138,119766,5430],{},[138,119768,5427],{},[138,119770,36019],{},[307,119772,35186,119774,119776],{"id":119773},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119775,74511],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[28,119778,119780],{"className":30,"code":119779,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119781,119782,119802,119806,119820,119824,119842],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119783,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119785,207],{"class":43},[37,119787,48],{"class":47},[37,119789,519],{"class":51},[37,119791,1129],{"class":122},[37,119793,65],{"class":51},[37,119795,5619],{"class":122},[37,119797,65],{"class":51},[37,119799,890],{"class":122},[37,119801,3760],{"class":51},[37,119803,119804],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119805,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,119807,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,119809,2362],{"class":43},[37,119811,48],{"class":47},[37,119813,74645],{"class":91},[37,119815,95],{"class":51},[37,119817,246],{"class":102},[37,119819,85],{"class":51},[37,119821,119822],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,119823,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,119825,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,119827,92],{"class":91},[37,119829,95],{"class":51},[37,119831,56],{"class":55},[37,119833,12266],{"class":59},[37,119835,56],{"class":55},[37,119837,65],{"class":51},[37,119839,4383],{"class":102},[37,119841,85],{"class":51},[37,119843,119844,119846,119848,119850,119853,119855,119857,119859],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,119845,92],{"class":91},[37,119847,95],{"class":51},[37,119849,56],{"class":55},[37,119851,119852],{"class":59},"sorted result:",[37,119854,56],{"class":55},[37,119856,65],{"class":51},[37,119858,81304],{"class":102},[37,119860,85],{"class":51},[20,119862,119863],{},[110,119864,112],{},[28,119866,119868],{"className":30,"code":119867,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119869,119870,119890],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119871,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119873,12245],{"class":43},[37,119875,3013],{"class":51},[37,119877,519],{"class":51},[37,119879,1129],{"class":122},[37,119881,65],{"class":51},[37,119883,5619],{"class":122},[37,119885,65],{"class":51},[37,119887,890],{"class":122},[37,119889,3760],{"class":51},[37,119891,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119893,74601],{"class":91},[37,119895,81304],{"class":43},[37,119897,3013],{"class":51},[37,119899,519],{"class":51},[37,119901,501],{"class":122},[37,119903,65],{"class":51},[37,119905,890],{"class":122},[37,119907,65],{"class":51},[37,119909,513],{"class":122},[37,119911,3760],{"class":51},[20,119913,119914,119915,119917],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119916,246],{}," stays the same.",[20,119919,119920,119921,292],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[285,119922,288,119923,291],{"href":74608},[15,119924,74511],{},[130,119926,296,119927,3805],{"id":78020},[15,119928,77954],{},[20,119930,119931,119933],{},[15,119932,64402],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119935,49021],{},[135,119937,119938,119941,119944],{},[138,119939,119940],{},"changes the original list directly",[138,119942,119943],{},"only works on lists",[138,119945,3817,119946],{},[15,119947,3904],{},[307,119949,35186,119951,74049],{"id":119950},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119952,77954],{},[28,119954,119956],{"className":30,"code":119955,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119957,119958,119978,119982,119992,119996],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,119959,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,119961,207],{"class":43},[37,119963,48],{"class":47},[37,119965,519],{"class":51},[37,119967,1129],{"class":122},[37,119969,65],{"class":51},[37,119971,5619],{"class":122},[37,119973,65],{"class":51},[37,119975,890],{"class":122},[37,119977,3760],{"class":51},[37,119979,119980],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,119981,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,119983,119984,119986,119988,119990],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,119985,246],{"class":43},[37,119987,292],{"class":51},[37,119989,34907],{"class":102},[37,119991,8761],{"class":51},[37,119993,119994],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,119995,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,119997,119998,120000,120002,120004],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,119999,92],{"class":91},[37,120001,95],{"class":51},[37,120003,246],{"class":102},[37,120005,85],{"class":51},[20,120007,120008],{},[110,120009,112],{},[28,120011,120012],{"className":30,"code":55241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,120013,120014],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120015,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120017,1067],{"class":51},[37,120019,501],{"class":122},[37,120021,65],{"class":51},[37,120023,890],{"class":122},[37,120025,65],{"class":51},[37,120027,513],{"class":122},[37,120029,3760],{"class":51},[20,120031,120032,120033,120036],{},"After calling ",[15,120034,120035],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120038,120039,120040,292],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[285,120041,288,120042,10856],{"href":74862},[15,120043,77954],{},[130,120045,120047],{"id":120046},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120049,120050],{},"Here is the core difference:",[135,120052,120053,120062],{},[138,120054,120055,120058,120059],{},[15,120056,120057],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[110,120060,120061],{},"new sorted list",[138,120063,120064,120067,120068,74419],{},[15,120065,120066],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120069,8457],{},[307,120071,120073],{"id":120072},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[28,120075,120077],{"className":30,"code":120076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120078,120079,120099,120103,120117,120136,120155,120159,120169],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120080,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120082,207],{"class":43},[37,120084,48],{"class":47},[37,120086,519],{"class":51},[37,120088,446],{"class":122},[37,120090,65],{"class":51},[37,120092,890],{"class":122},[37,120094,65],{"class":51},[37,120096,1134],{"class":122},[37,120098,3760],{"class":51},[37,120100,120101],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120102,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120104,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120106,722],{"class":43},[37,120108,48],{"class":47},[37,120110,74645],{"class":91},[37,120112,95],{"class":51},[37,120114,246],{"class":102},[37,120116,85],{"class":51},[37,120118,120119,120121,120123,120125,120128,120130,120132,120134],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,120120,92],{"class":91},[37,120122,95],{"class":51},[37,120124,56],{"class":55},[37,120126,120127],{"class":59},"numbers after sorted():",[37,120129,56],{"class":55},[37,120131,65],{"class":51},[37,120133,4383],{"class":102},[37,120135,85],{"class":51},[37,120137,120138,120140,120142,120144,120147,120149,120151,120153],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,120139,92],{"class":91},[37,120141,95],{"class":51},[37,120143,56],{"class":55},[37,120145,120146],{"class":59},"a:",[37,120148,56],{"class":55},[37,120150,65],{"class":51},[37,120152,56979],{"class":102},[37,120154,85],{"class":51},[37,120156,120157],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,120158,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120160,120161,120163,120165,120167],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,120162,246],{"class":43},[37,120164,292],{"class":51},[37,120166,34907],{"class":102},[37,120168,8761],{"class":51},[37,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177,120180,120182,120184,120186],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,120172,92],{"class":91},[37,120174,95],{"class":51},[37,120176,56],{"class":55},[37,120178,120179],{"class":59},"numbers after sort():",[37,120181,56],{"class":55},[37,120183,65],{"class":51},[37,120185,4383],{"class":102},[37,120187,85],{"class":51},[20,120189,120190],{},[110,120191,112],{},[28,120193,120195],{"className":30,"code":120194,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120196,120197,120220,120240],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120198,120199,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120200,120201],{"class":43},"numbers after ",[37,120203,74601],{"class":91},[37,120205,29691],{"class":51},[37,120207,519],{"class":51},[37,120209,446],{"class":122},[37,120211,65],{"class":51},[37,120213,890],{"class":122},[37,120215,65],{"class":51},[37,120217,1134],{"class":122},[37,120219,3760],{"class":51},[37,120221,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120223,285],{"class":43},[37,120225,3013],{"class":51},[37,120227,519],{"class":51},[37,120229,508],{"class":122},[37,120231,65],{"class":51},[37,120233,1134],{"class":122},[37,120235,65],{"class":51},[37,120237,527],{"class":122},[37,120239,3760],{"class":51},[37,120241,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120243,120201],{"class":43},[37,120245,34907],{"class":102},[37,120247,29691],{"class":51},[37,120249,519],{"class":51},[37,120251,508],{"class":122},[37,120253,65],{"class":51},[37,120255,1134],{"class":122},[37,120257,65],{"class":51},[37,120259,527],{"class":122},[37,120261,3760],{"class":51},[20,120263,10828],{},[135,120265,120266,120271],{},[138,120267,120268,120270],{},[15,120269,74511],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[138,120272,120273,120275],{},[15,120274,64402],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[130,120277,5080,120279],{"id":120278},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120280,74511],{},[20,120282,22,120283,10716],{},[15,120284,74511],{},[135,120286,120287,120290,120292,120295],{},[138,120288,120289],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[138,120291,119059],{},[138,120293,120294],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[138,120296,120297],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[307,120299,120301],{"id":120300},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[28,120303,120305],{"className":30,"code":120304,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120306,120307,120331,120335,120349,120353,120363],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120308,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120310,207],{"class":43},[37,120312,48],{"class":47},[37,120314,52],{"class":51},[37,120316,522],{"class":122},[37,120318,65],{"class":51},[37,120320,5619],{"class":122},[37,120322,65],{"class":51},[37,120324,513],{"class":122},[37,120326,65],{"class":51},[37,120328,890],{"class":122},[37,120330,85],{"class":51},[37,120332,120333],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120334,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120336,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120338,2362],{"class":43},[37,120340,48],{"class":47},[37,120342,74645],{"class":91},[37,120344,95],{"class":51},[37,120346,246],{"class":102},[37,120348,85],{"class":51},[37,120350,120351],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,120352,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120354,120355,120357,120359,120361],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,120356,92],{"class":91},[37,120358,95],{"class":51},[37,120360,2397],{"class":102},[37,120362,85],{"class":51},[37,120364,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,120366,92],{"class":91},[37,120368,95],{"class":51},[37,120370,757],{"class":756},[37,120372,95],{"class":51},[37,120374,2397],{"class":102},[37,120376,106],{"class":51},[20,120378,120379],{},[110,120380,112],{},[28,120382,120384],{"className":30,"code":120383,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120385,120386,120406],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120387,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120389,1067],{"class":51},[37,120391,501],{"class":122},[37,120393,65],{"class":51},[37,120395,890],{"class":122},[37,120397,65],{"class":51},[37,120399,513],{"class":122},[37,120401,65],{"class":51},[37,120403,1134],{"class":122},[37,120405,3760],{"class":51},[37,120407,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120409,808],{"class":47},[37,120411,812],{"class":811},[37,120413,815],{"class":55},[37,120415,8213],{"class":59},[37,120417,821],{"class":55},[37,120419,824],{"class":47},[20,120421,2419,120422,120424,120425,292],{},[15,120423,74511],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[110,120426,8213],{},[20,120428,120429,120430,120432],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[285,120431,52863],{"href":51072}," is a helpful next step.",[130,120434,5080,120436],{"id":120435},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120437,77954],{},[20,120439,22,120440,10716],{},[15,120441,77954],{},[135,120443,120444,120447,120450,120453],{},[138,120445,120446],{},"you already have a list",[138,120448,120449],{},"you want to update that list directly",[138,120451,120452],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[138,120454,120455],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[307,120457,120459],{"id":120458},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[28,120461,120463],{"className":30,"code":120462,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120464,120465,120497,120501,120511,120515],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120466,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120468,5114],{"class":43},[37,120470,48],{"class":47},[37,120472,519],{"class":51},[37,120474,56],{"class":55},[37,120476,5141],{"class":59},[37,120478,56],{"class":55},[37,120480,65],{"class":51},[37,120482,68],{"class":55},[37,120484,5123],{"class":59},[37,120486,56],{"class":55},[37,120488,65],{"class":51},[37,120490,68],{"class":55},[37,120492,5132],{"class":59},[37,120494,56],{"class":55},[37,120496,3760],{"class":51},[37,120498,120499],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120500,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120502,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120504,5158],{"class":43},[37,120506,292],{"class":51},[37,120508,34907],{"class":102},[37,120510,8761],{"class":51},[37,120512,120513],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,120514,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120516,120517,120519,120521,120523],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,120518,92],{"class":91},[37,120520,95],{"class":51},[37,120522,5158],{"class":102},[37,120524,85],{"class":51},[20,120526,120527],{},[110,120528,112],{},[28,120530,120532],{"className":30,"code":120531,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120533,120534],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120535,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120537,1067],{"class":51},[37,120539,821],{"class":55},[37,120541,5123],{"class":59},[37,120543,821],{"class":55},[37,120545,65],{"class":51},[37,120547,815],{"class":55},[37,120549,5132],{"class":59},[37,120551,821],{"class":55},[37,120553,65],{"class":51},[37,120555,815],{"class":55},[37,120557,5141],{"class":59},[37,120559,821],{"class":55},[37,120561,3760],{"class":51},[20,120563,120564],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120566,120567,120568,292],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[285,120569,79960],{"href":78463},[130,120571,120573,851,120575,120577],{"id":120572},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120574,73664],{},[15,120576,14951],{}," work with both",[20,120579,10705,120580,851,120582,120584],{},[15,120581,74511],{},[15,120583,77954],{}," support:",[135,120586,120587,120592],{},[138,120588,120589,120591],{},[15,120590,78178],{}," for descending order",[138,120593,120594,120597],{},[15,120595,120596],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120599,120600],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[307,120602,120604],{"id":120603},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[28,120606,120608],{"className":30,"code":120607,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120609,120610,120630,120634,120656,120660,120678],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120611,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120613,207],{"class":43},[37,120615,48],{"class":47},[37,120617,519],{"class":51},[37,120619,1129],{"class":122},[37,120621,65],{"class":51},[37,120623,5619],{"class":122},[37,120625,65],{"class":51},[37,120627,890],{"class":122},[37,120629,3760],{"class":51},[37,120631,120632],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120633,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120635,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120637,92],{"class":91},[37,120639,95],{"class":51},[37,120641,74601],{"class":91},[37,120643,95],{"class":51},[37,120645,246],{"class":102},[37,120647,65],{"class":51},[37,120649,78157],{"class":9294},[37,120651,48],{"class":47},[37,120653,3729],{"class":3977},[37,120655,106],{"class":51},[37,120657,120658],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,120659,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120661,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,120663,246],{"class":43},[37,120665,292],{"class":51},[37,120667,34907],{"class":102},[37,120669,95],{"class":51},[37,120671,73664],{"class":9294},[37,120673,48],{"class":47},[37,120675,3729],{"class":3977},[37,120677,85],{"class":51},[37,120679,120680,120682,120684,120686],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,120681,92],{"class":91},[37,120683,95],{"class":51},[37,120685,246],{"class":102},[37,120687,85],{"class":51},[20,120689,120690],{},[110,120691,112],{},[28,120693,120695],{"className":30,"code":120694,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120696,120697,120713],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120698,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120700,1067],{"class":51},[37,120702,1129],{"class":122},[37,120704,65],{"class":51},[37,120706,890],{"class":122},[37,120708,65],{"class":51},[37,120710,5619],{"class":122},[37,120712,3760],{"class":51},[37,120714,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120716,1067],{"class":51},[37,120718,1129],{"class":122},[37,120720,65],{"class":51},[37,120722,890],{"class":122},[37,120724,65],{"class":51},[37,120726,5619],{"class":122},[37,120728,3760],{"class":51},[307,120730,120732],{"id":120731},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[28,120734,120736],{"className":30,"code":120735,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120737,120738,120770,120774,120800,120804,120826],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120739,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120741,965],{"class":43},[37,120743,48],{"class":47},[37,120745,519],{"class":51},[37,120747,56],{"class":55},[37,120749,83450],{"class":59},[37,120751,56],{"class":55},[37,120753,65],{"class":51},[37,120755,68],{"class":55},[37,120757,329],{"class":59},[37,120759,56],{"class":55},[37,120761,65],{"class":51},[37,120763,68],{"class":55},[37,120765,118924],{"class":59},[37,120767,56],{"class":55},[37,120769,3760],{"class":51},[37,120771,120772],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120773,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120775,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120777,92],{"class":91},[37,120779,95],{"class":51},[37,120781,74601],{"class":91},[37,120783,95],{"class":51},[37,120785,999],{"class":102},[37,120787,65],{"class":51},[37,120789,21686],{"class":9294},[37,120791,48],{"class":47},[37,120793,3569],{"class":756},[37,120795,292],{"class":51},[37,120797,8758],{"class":24857},[37,120799,106],{"class":51},[37,120801,120802],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,120803,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120805,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,120807,999],{"class":43},[37,120809,292],{"class":51},[37,120811,34907],{"class":102},[37,120813,95],{"class":51},[37,120815,14951],{"class":9294},[37,120817,48],{"class":47},[37,120819,3569],{"class":756},[37,120821,292],{"class":51},[37,120823,8758],{"class":24857},[37,120825,85],{"class":51},[37,120827,120828,120830,120832,120834],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,120829,92],{"class":91},[37,120831,95],{"class":51},[37,120833,999],{"class":102},[37,120835,85],{"class":51},[20,120837,120838],{},[110,120839,112],{},[28,120841,120843],{"className":30,"code":120842,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120844,120845,120873],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120846,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120848,1067],{"class":51},[37,120850,821],{"class":55},[37,120852,329],{"class":59},[37,120854,821],{"class":55},[37,120856,65],{"class":51},[37,120858,815],{"class":55},[37,120860,83450],{"class":59},[37,120862,821],{"class":55},[37,120864,65],{"class":51},[37,120866,815],{"class":55},[37,120868,118924],{"class":59},[37,120870,821],{"class":55},[37,120872,3760],{"class":51},[37,120874,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120876,1067],{"class":51},[37,120878,821],{"class":55},[37,120880,329],{"class":59},[37,120882,821],{"class":55},[37,120884,65],{"class":51},[37,120886,815],{"class":55},[37,120888,83450],{"class":59},[37,120890,821],{"class":55},[37,120892,65],{"class":51},[37,120894,815],{"class":55},[37,120896,118924],{"class":59},[37,120898,821],{"class":55},[37,120900,3760],{"class":51},[20,120902,1872,120903,120905],{},[15,120904,78672],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120907,120908,120909,292],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[285,120910,120912],{"href":120911},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[130,120914,120916],{"id":120915},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120918,120919],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[307,120921,120923,120924,12710],{"id":120922},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120925,77954],{},[20,120927,120928],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[28,120930,120932],{"className":30,"code":120931,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120933,120934,120954,120958,120972,120976,120986],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,120937,207],{"class":43},[37,120939,48],{"class":47},[37,120941,519],{"class":51},[37,120943,1129],{"class":122},[37,120945,65],{"class":51},[37,120947,5619],{"class":122},[37,120949,65],{"class":51},[37,120951,890],{"class":122},[37,120953,3760],{"class":51},[37,120955,120956],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,120957,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120959,120960,120962,120964,120966,120968,120970],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,120961,2362],{"class":43},[37,120963,48],{"class":47},[37,120965,4383],{"class":43},[37,120967,292],{"class":51},[37,120969,34907],{"class":102},[37,120971,8761],{"class":51},[37,120973,120974],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,120975,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,120977,120978,120980,120982,120984],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,120979,92],{"class":91},[37,120981,95],{"class":51},[37,120983,2397],{"class":102},[37,120985,85],{"class":51},[37,120987,120988,120990,120992,120994],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,120989,92],{"class":91},[37,120991,95],{"class":51},[37,120993,246],{"class":102},[37,120995,85],{"class":51},[20,120997,120998],{},[110,120999,112],{},[28,121001,121002],{"className":30,"code":79295,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,121003,121004,121008],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121005,121006],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121007,11920],{"class":3977},[37,121009,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121011,1067],{"class":51},[37,121013,501],{"class":122},[37,121015,65],{"class":51},[37,121017,890],{"class":122},[37,121019,65],{"class":51},[37,121021,513],{"class":122},[37,121023,3760],{"class":51},[20,121025,12012],{},[135,121027,121028,121033,121038],{},[138,121029,121030,121032],{},[15,121031,120035],{}," sorts the list in place",[138,121034,35123,121035,121037],{},[110,121036,711],{}," return the sorted list",[138,121039,90074,121040,42255,121042],{},[15,121041,2397],{},[15,121043,3904],{},[307,121045,121047,121048,121050],{"id":121046},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121049,74511],{}," to change the original list",[28,121052,121054],{"className":30,"code":121053,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121055,121056,121076,121080,121090,121094],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121057,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070,121072,121074],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121059,207],{"class":43},[37,121061,48],{"class":47},[37,121063,519],{"class":51},[37,121065,1129],{"class":122},[37,121067,65],{"class":51},[37,121069,5619],{"class":122},[37,121071,65],{"class":51},[37,121073,890],{"class":122},[37,121075,3760],{"class":51},[37,121077,121078],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121079,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121081,121082,121084,121086,121088],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,121083,74601],{"class":91},[37,121085,95],{"class":51},[37,121087,246],{"class":102},[37,121089,85],{"class":51},[37,121091,121092],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,121093,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121095,121096,121098,121100,121102],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,121097,92],{"class":91},[37,121099,95],{"class":51},[37,121101,246],{"class":102},[37,121103,85],{"class":51},[20,121105,121106],{},[110,121107,112],{},[28,121109,121110],{"className":30,"code":119256,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,121111,121112],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121113,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122,121124,121126],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121115,1067],{"class":51},[37,121117,1129],{"class":122},[37,121119,65],{"class":51},[37,121121,5619],{"class":122},[37,121123,65],{"class":51},[37,121125,890],{"class":122},[37,121127,3760],{"class":51},[20,121129,121130,121133],{},[15,121131,121132],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121135,10923],{},[28,121137,121139],{"className":30,"code":121138,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121140,121141,121161,121165,121179,121183],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121142,121143,121145,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121144,207],{"class":43},[37,121146,48],{"class":47},[37,121148,519],{"class":51},[37,121150,1129],{"class":122},[37,121152,65],{"class":51},[37,121154,5619],{"class":122},[37,121156,65],{"class":51},[37,121158,890],{"class":122},[37,121160,3760],{"class":51},[37,121162,121163],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121164,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121166,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,121168,55733],{"class":43},[37,121170,48],{"class":47},[37,121172,74645],{"class":91},[37,121174,95],{"class":51},[37,121176,246],{"class":102},[37,121178,85],{"class":51},[37,121180,121181],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,121182,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121184,121185,121187,121189,121191],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,121186,92],{"class":91},[37,121188,95],{"class":51},[37,121190,55752],{"class":102},[37,121192,85],{"class":51},[307,121194,121196,121197,121199],{"id":121195},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121198,64402],{}," on a tuple or string",[28,121201,121202],{"className":30,"code":79397,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,121203,121204,121216],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121205,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121207,34795],{"class":43},[37,121209,48],{"class":47},[37,121211,68],{"class":55},[37,121213,32],{"class":59},[37,121215,3484],{"class":55},[37,121217,121218,121220,121222,121224],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121219,34816],{"class":43},[37,121221,292],{"class":51},[37,121223,34907],{"class":102},[37,121225,8761],{"class":51},[20,121227,121228,121229,33707],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121230,64402],{},[20,121232,121233,121235],{},[15,121234,64402],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121237,121238,121239,121241,121242,292],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121240,74511],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[285,121243,5256],{"href":5708},[307,121245,121247,121248,119293],{"id":121246},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121249,74511],{},[28,121251,121253],{"className":30,"code":121252,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121254,121255,121268,121282,121286,121296],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121256,121257,121259,121261,121263,121266],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121258,34795],{"class":43},[37,121260,48],{"class":47},[37,121262,68],{"class":55},[37,121264,121265],{"class":59},"cab",[37,121267,3484],{"class":55},[37,121269,121270,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121271,2362],{"class":43},[37,121273,48],{"class":47},[37,121275,74645],{"class":91},[37,121277,95],{"class":51},[37,121279,34816],{"class":102},[37,121281,85],{"class":51},[37,121283,121284],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,121285,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121287,121288,121290,121292,121294],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,121289,92],{"class":91},[37,121291,95],{"class":51},[37,121293,2397],{"class":102},[37,121295,85],{"class":51},[37,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,121299,92],{"class":91},[37,121301,95],{"class":51},[37,121303,757],{"class":756},[37,121305,95],{"class":51},[37,121307,2397],{"class":102},[37,121309,106],{"class":51},[20,121311,121312],{},[110,121313,112],{},[28,121315,121317],{"className":30,"code":121316,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121318,121319,121347],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121320,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121322,1067],{"class":51},[37,121324,821],{"class":55},[37,121326,285],{"class":59},[37,121328,821],{"class":55},[37,121330,65],{"class":51},[37,121332,815],{"class":55},[37,121334,777],{"class":59},[37,121336,821],{"class":55},[37,121338,65],{"class":51},[37,121340,815],{"class":55},[37,121342,1754],{"class":59},[37,121344,821],{"class":55},[37,121346,3760],{"class":51},[37,121348,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121350,808],{"class":47},[37,121352,812],{"class":811},[37,121354,815],{"class":55},[37,121356,8213],{"class":59},[37,121358,821],{"class":55},[37,121360,824],{"class":47},[20,121362,121363],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[130,121365,113814],{"id":113813},[20,121367,121368],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[135,121370,121371,121374,121379,121384,121390],{},[138,121372,121373],{},"confusing a function with a method",[138,121375,121376,121377,53736],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121378,64402],{},[138,121380,121381,121382,12710],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121383,77954],{},[138,121385,121386,121387,121389],{},"trying to use ",[15,121388,64402],{}," on non-list data types",[138,121391,50599,121392,121394],{},[15,121393,74511],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121396,121397],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[28,121399,121401],{"className":30,"code":121400,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121402,121403,121413,121427,121452,121467,121477],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121404,121405,121407,121409,121411],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121406,92],{"class":91},[37,121408,95],{"class":51},[37,121410,8457],{"class":102},[37,121412,85],{"class":51},[37,121414,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423,121425],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121416,92],{"class":91},[37,121418,95],{"class":51},[37,121420,74601],{"class":91},[37,121422,95],{"class":51},[37,121424,8457],{"class":102},[37,121426,106],{"class":51},[37,121428,121429,121431,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441,121444,121446,121448,121450],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,121430,2362],{"class":43},[37,121432,48],{"class":47},[37,121434,8514],{"class":43},[37,121436,292],{"class":51},[37,121438,34907],{"class":102},[37,121440,7487],{"class":51},[37,121442,121443],{"class":43},"; ",[37,121445,92],{"class":91},[37,121447,95],{"class":51},[37,121449,2397],{"class":102},[37,121451,85],{"class":51},[37,121453,121454,121456,121458,121460,121462,121465],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,121455,92],{"class":91},[37,121457,95],{"class":51},[37,121459,757],{"class":756},[37,121461,95],{"class":51},[37,121463,121464],{"class":102},"my_data",[37,121466,106],{"class":51},[37,121468,121469,121471,121473,121475],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,121470,1937],{"class":91},[37,121472,95],{"class":51},[37,121474,74601],{"class":91},[37,121476,85],{"class":51},[37,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485,121487,121489],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,121480,1937],{"class":91},[37,121482,95],{"class":51},[37,121484,8213],{"class":756},[37,121486,292],{"class":51},[37,121488,34907],{"class":24857},[37,121490,85],{"class":51},[20,121492,84460],{},[135,121494,121495,121498,121502,121510],{},[138,121496,121497],{},"whether your original list changed",[138,121499,1957,121500,149],{},[15,121501,74511],{},[138,121503,121504,121505,121507,121508],{},"whether ",[15,121506,64402],{}," returned ",[15,121509,3904],{},[138,121511,121512],{},"what type of object you are working with",[130,121514,121516],{"id":121515},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121518,121519],{},"Use this rule:",[135,121521,121522,121530],{},[138,121523,121524,121525,121527,121528],{},"Need a ",[110,121526,119618],{},": use ",[15,121529,74511],{},[138,121531,121532,121533,121527,121536],{},"Need to ",[110,121534,121535],{},"change one list directly",[15,121537,77954],{},[20,121539,121540,121541,121543],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121542,74511],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[130,121545,1969],{"id":1968},[307,121547,121549,121550,3006,121552,2623],{"id":121548},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121551,74511],{},[15,121553,77954],{},[20,121555,121556,121558],{},[15,121557,74511],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[307,121560,5278,121562,5281,121564,2623],{"id":121561},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121563,77954],{},[15,121565,3904],{},[20,121567,121568],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[307,121570,5290,121572,121574],{"id":121571},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121573,74511],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121576,121577],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[307,121579,28435,121581,121583],{"id":121580},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121582,64402],{}," on a string?",[20,121585,1989,121586,121588,121589,40030],{},[15,121587,64402],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121590,121591],{},"sorted(string)",[307,121593,11931,121595,851,121597,121599],{"id":121594},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121596,74511],{},[15,121598,64402],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121601,121602,121603,292],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121604,78178],{},[130,121606,2025],{"id":2024},[135,121608,121609,121615,121621,121625,121629],{},[138,121610,121611],{},[285,121612,288,121613,291],{"href":74608},[15,121614,74511],{},[138,121616,121617],{},[285,121618,288,121619,10856],{"href":74862},[15,121620,77954],{},[138,121622,121623],{},[285,121624,79960],{"href":78463},[138,121626,121627],{},[285,121628,120912],{"href":120911},[138,121630,121631],{},[285,121632,52863],{"href":51072},[2052,121634,121635],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":121637},[121638,121639,121640,121644,121648,121651,121655,121659,121664,121674,121675,121676,121688],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":119706,"depth":88,"text":119707},{"id":117809,"depth":88,"text":119531,"children":121641},[121642],{"id":119773,"depth":251,"text":121643},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78020,"depth":88,"text":79982,"children":121645},[121646],{"id":119950,"depth":251,"text":121647},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120046,"depth":88,"text":120047,"children":121649},[121650],{"id":120072,"depth":251,"text":120073},{"id":120278,"depth":88,"text":121652,"children":121653},"When to use sorted()",[121654],{"id":120300,"depth":251,"text":120301},{"id":120435,"depth":88,"text":121656,"children":121657},"When to use list.sort()",[121658],{"id":120458,"depth":251,"text":120459},{"id":120572,"depth":88,"text":121660,"children":121661},"reverse and key work with both",[121662,121663],{"id":120603,"depth":251,"text":120604},{"id":120731,"depth":251,"text":120732},{"id":120915,"depth":88,"text":120916,"children":121665},[121666,121668,121670,121672],{"id":120922,"depth":251,"text":121667},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121046,"depth":251,"text":121669},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121195,"depth":251,"text":121671},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121246,"depth":251,"text":121673},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113813,"depth":88,"text":113814},{"id":121515,"depth":88,"text":121516},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":121677},[121678,121680,121682,121684,121686],{"id":121548,"depth":251,"text":121679},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121561,"depth":251,"text":121681},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121571,"depth":251,"text":121683},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121580,"depth":251,"text":121685},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121594,"depth":251,"text":121687},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119577,"description":121689},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121695,"title":42276,"body":121696,"description":123428,"extension":2099,"meta":123429,"navigation":254,"path":123430,"seo":123431,"stem":123432,"__hash__":123433},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121697,"toc":123385},[121698,121703,121708,121714,121716,121771,121775,121798,121803,121808,121813,121815,121846,121849,121863,121865,121867,121882,121887,121891,121894,121945,121949,121963,121970,121974,121978,122033,122037,122060,122064,122120,122124,122147,122151,122206,122210,122233,122237,122304,122308,122343,122349,122354,122359,122361,122375,122377,122451,122455,122475,122480,122487,122490,122502,122504,122573,122577,122614,122617,122642,122649,122658,122661,122673,122679,122685,122687,122693,122698,122777,122781,122822,122826,122828,122855,122858,122881,122884,122890,122893,122930,122942,122949,122951,123002,123005,123037,123040,123042,123049,123051,123066,123068,123125,123129,123153,123155,123160,123176,123183,123187,123190,123273,123283,123285,123290,123293,123299,123302,123308,123311,123317,123320,123327,123335,123337,123382],[10,121699,288,121701,3704],{"id":121700},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121702,47778],{},[20,121704,32424,121705,121707],{},[15,121706,47778],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121709,121710,121711,121713],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121712,47778],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[130,121715,2140],{"id":2139},[28,121717,121719],{"className":30,"code":121718,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121720,121721,121729,121743,121747,121757],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121722,121723,121725,121727],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121724,21735],{"class":43},[37,121726,48],{"class":47},[37,121728,45323],{"class":122},[37,121730,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121732,34795],{"class":43},[37,121734,48],{"class":47},[37,121736,48998],{"class":756},[37,121738,95],{"class":51},[37,121740,9415],{"class":102},[37,121742,85],{"class":51},[37,121744,121745],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,121746,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121748,121749,121751,121753,121755],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,121750,92],{"class":91},[37,121752,95],{"class":51},[37,121754,34816],{"class":102},[37,121756,85],{"class":51},[37,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,121760,92],{"class":91},[37,121762,95],{"class":51},[37,121764,757],{"class":756},[37,121766,95],{"class":51},[37,121768,34816],{"class":102},[37,121770,106],{"class":51},[20,121772,121773],{},[110,121774,112],{},[28,121776,121778],{"className":30,"code":121777,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121779,121780,121784],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121781,121782],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121783,2837],{"class":122},[37,121785,121786,121788,121790,121792,121794,121796],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121787,808],{"class":47},[37,121789,812],{"class":811},[37,121791,815],{"class":55},[37,121793,3569],{"class":59},[37,121795,821],{"class":55},[37,121797,824],{"class":47},[20,121799,22,121800,121802],{},[15,121801,47778],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[130,121804,296,121806,3805],{"id":121805},"what-str-does",[15,121807,47778],{},[20,121809,121810,121812],{},[15,121811,47778],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121814,2242],{},[135,121816,121817,121824,121831,121838],{},[138,121818,121819,121820,42255,121822],{},"An integer like ",[15,121821,214],{},[15,121823,42226],{},[138,121825,121826,121827,42255,121829],{},"A float like ",[15,121828,40244],{},[15,121830,48189],{},[138,121832,121833,121834,42255,121836],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121835,3729],{},[15,121837,6762],{},[138,121839,121840,121841,42255,121843],{},"A list like ",[15,121842,75333],{},[15,121844,121845],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121847,121848],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[135,121850,121851,121854,121857,121860],{},[138,121852,121853],{},"print it",[138,121855,121856],{},"combine it with other strings",[138,121858,121859],{},"save it to a file",[138,121861,121862],{},"use it in messages",[130,121864,159],{"id":158},[20,121866,7339],{},[28,121868,121870],{"className":30,"code":121869,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"str(object)\n",[15,121871,121872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121873,121874,121876,121878,121880],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121875,3569],{"class":756},[37,121877,95],{"class":51},[37,121879,42497],{"class":756},[37,121881,85],{"class":51},[20,121883,1088,121884,121886],{},[15,121885,42497],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121888,121889,8343],{},[15,121890,47778],{},[20,121892,121893],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[28,121895,121897],{"className":30,"code":121896,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121898,121899,121908,121931,121935],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121900,121901,121903,121905],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121902,5215],{"class":43},[37,121904,48],{"class":47},[37,121906,121907],{"class":122}," 100\n",[37,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916,121919,121921,121923,121925,121927,121929],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121911,90094],{"class":43},[37,121913,48],{"class":47},[37,121915,68],{"class":55},[37,121917,121918],{"class":59},"Your score is ",[37,121920,56],{"class":55},[37,121922,2586],{"class":47},[37,121924,48998],{"class":756},[37,121926,95],{"class":51},[37,121928,85607],{"class":102},[37,121930,85],{"class":51},[37,121932,121933],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,121934,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,121936,121937,121939,121941,121943],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,121938,92],{"class":91},[37,121940,95],{"class":51},[37,121942,90111],{"class":102},[37,121944,85],{"class":51},[20,121946,121947],{},[110,121948,112],{},[28,121950,121952],{"className":30,"code":121951,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121953,121954],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121955,121956,121959,121961],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121957,121958],{"class":43},"Your score ",[37,121960,12306],{"class":47},[37,121962,121907],{"class":122},[20,121964,2429,121965,121969],{},[285,121966,121967,2436],{"href":2432},[15,121968,2435],{}," can help you check.",[130,121971,121973],{"id":121972},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[307,121975,121977],{"id":121976},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[28,121979,121981],{"className":30,"code":121980,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121982,121983,121991,122005,122009,122019],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,121984,121985,121987,121989],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,121986,2349],{"class":43},[37,121988,48],{"class":47},[37,121990,1345],{"class":122},[37,121992,121993,121995,121997,121999,122001,122003],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,121994,34795],{"class":43},[37,121996,48],{"class":47},[37,121998,48998],{"class":756},[37,122000,95],{"class":51},[37,122002,2372],{"class":102},[37,122004,85],{"class":51},[37,122006,122007],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122008,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122010,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122012,92],{"class":91},[37,122014,95],{"class":51},[37,122016,34816],{"class":102},[37,122018,85],{"class":51},[37,122020,122021,122023,122025,122027,122029,122031],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122022,92],{"class":91},[37,122024,95],{"class":51},[37,122026,757],{"class":756},[37,122028,95],{"class":51},[37,122030,34816],{"class":102},[37,122032,106],{"class":51},[20,122034,122035],{},[110,122036,112],{},[28,122038,122040],{"className":30,"code":122039,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122041,122042,122046],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122043,122044],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122045,2509],{"class":122},[37,122047,122048,122050,122052,122054,122056,122058],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122049,808],{"class":47},[37,122051,812],{"class":811},[37,122053,815],{"class":55},[37,122055,3569],{"class":59},[37,122057,821],{"class":55},[37,122059,824],{"class":47},[307,122061,122063],{"id":122062},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[28,122065,122067],{"className":30,"code":122066,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122068,122069,122078,122092,122096,122106],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122070,122071,122073,122075],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122072,40488],{"class":43},[37,122074,48],{"class":47},[37,122076,122077],{"class":122}," 3.14\n",[37,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122081,34795],{"class":43},[37,122083,48],{"class":47},[37,122085,48998],{"class":756},[37,122087,95],{"class":51},[37,122089,25257],{"class":102},[37,122091,85],{"class":51},[37,122093,122094],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122095,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122097,122098,122100,122102,122104],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122099,92],{"class":91},[37,122101,95],{"class":51},[37,122103,34816],{"class":102},[37,122105,85],{"class":51},[37,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116,122118],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122109,92],{"class":91},[37,122111,95],{"class":51},[37,122113,757],{"class":756},[37,122115,95],{"class":51},[37,122117,34816],{"class":102},[37,122119,106],{"class":51},[20,122121,122122],{},[110,122123,112],{},[28,122125,122127],{"className":30,"code":122126,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122128,122129,122133],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122130,122131],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122132,40278],{"class":122},[37,122134,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143,122145],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122136,808],{"class":47},[37,122138,812],{"class":811},[37,122140,815],{"class":55},[37,122142,3569],{"class":59},[37,122144,821],{"class":55},[37,122146,824],{"class":47},[307,122148,122150],{"id":122149},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[28,122152,122154],{"className":30,"code":122153,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122155,122156,122164,122178,122182,122192],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122157,122158,122160,122162],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122159,1194],{"class":43},[37,122161,48],{"class":47},[37,122163,6543],{"class":3977},[37,122165,122166,122168,122170,122172,122174,122176],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122167,34795],{"class":43},[37,122169,48],{"class":47},[37,122171,48998],{"class":756},[37,122173,95],{"class":51},[37,122175,1215],{"class":102},[37,122177,85],{"class":51},[37,122179,122180],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122181,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122183,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122185,92],{"class":91},[37,122187,95],{"class":51},[37,122189,34816],{"class":102},[37,122191,85],{"class":51},[37,122193,122194,122196,122198,122200,122202,122204],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122195,92],{"class":91},[37,122197,95],{"class":51},[37,122199,757],{"class":756},[37,122201,95],{"class":51},[37,122203,34816],{"class":102},[37,122205,106],{"class":51},[20,122207,122208],{},[110,122209,112],{},[28,122211,122213],{"className":30,"code":122212,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122214,122215,122219],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122216,122217],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122218,4103],{"class":3977},[37,122220,122221,122223,122225,122227,122229,122231],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122222,808],{"class":47},[37,122224,812],{"class":811},[37,122226,815],{"class":55},[37,122228,3569],{"class":59},[37,122230,821],{"class":55},[37,122232,824],{"class":47},[307,122234,122236],{"id":122235},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[28,122238,122240],{"className":30,"code":122239,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122241,122242,122262,122276,122280,122290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122243,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122245,670],{"class":43},[37,122247,48],{"class":47},[37,122249,519],{"class":51},[37,122251,501],{"class":122},[37,122253,65],{"class":51},[37,122255,890],{"class":122},[37,122257,65],{"class":51},[37,122259,513],{"class":122},[37,122261,3760],{"class":51},[37,122263,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122265,34795],{"class":43},[37,122267,48],{"class":47},[37,122269,48998],{"class":756},[37,122271,95],{"class":51},[37,122273,687],{"class":102},[37,122275,85],{"class":51},[37,122277,122278],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122279,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122281,122282,122284,122286,122288],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122283,92],{"class":91},[37,122285,95],{"class":51},[37,122287,34816],{"class":102},[37,122289,85],{"class":51},[37,122291,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300,122302],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122293,92],{"class":91},[37,122295,95],{"class":51},[37,122297,757],{"class":756},[37,122299,95],{"class":51},[37,122301,34816],{"class":102},[37,122303,106],{"class":51},[20,122305,122306],{},[110,122307,112],{},[28,122309,122311],{"className":30,"code":122310,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122312,122313,122329],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122314,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325,122327],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122316,1067],{"class":51},[37,122318,501],{"class":122},[37,122320,65],{"class":51},[37,122322,890],{"class":122},[37,122324,65],{"class":51},[37,122326,513],{"class":122},[37,122328,3760],{"class":51},[37,122330,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122332,808],{"class":47},[37,122334,812],{"class":811},[37,122336,815],{"class":55},[37,122338,3569],{"class":59},[37,122340,821],{"class":55},[37,122342,824],{"class":47},[20,122344,122345,122346,122348],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[110,122347,711],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[130,122350,5080,122352],{"id":122351},"when-to-use-str",[15,122353,47778],{},[20,122355,22,122356,122358],{},[15,122357,47778],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122360,36527],{},[135,122362,122363,122366,122369,122372],{},[138,122364,122365],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[138,122367,122368],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[138,122370,122371],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[138,122373,122374],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122376,197],{},[28,122378,122380],{"className":30,"code":122379,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122381,122382,122394,122402,122406,122441],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122383,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122385,7996],{"class":43},[37,122387,48],{"class":47},[37,122389,68],{"class":55},[37,122391,11623],{"class":59},[37,122393,3484],{"class":55},[37,122395,122396,122398,122400],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122397,21735],{"class":43},[37,122399,48],{"class":47},[37,122401,45323],{"class":122},[37,122403,122404],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122405,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122439],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122409,90094],{"class":43},[37,122411,48],{"class":47},[37,122413,36078],{"class":43},[37,122415,2196],{"class":47},[37,122417,68],{"class":55},[37,122419,4902],{"class":59},[37,122421,56],{"class":55},[37,122423,2586],{"class":47},[37,122425,48998],{"class":756},[37,122427,95],{"class":51},[37,122429,9415],{"class":102},[37,122431,18],{"class":51},[37,122433,2586],{"class":47},[37,122435,68],{"class":55},[37,122437,122438],{"class":59}," years old.",[37,122440,3484],{"class":55},[37,122442,122443,122445,122447,122449],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122444,92],{"class":91},[37,122446,95],{"class":51},[37,122448,90111],{"class":102},[37,122450,85],{"class":51},[20,122452,122453],{},[110,122454,112],{},[28,122456,122458],{"className":30,"code":122457,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122459,122460],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122461,122462,122465,122467,122469,122472],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122463,122464],{"class":43},"Maya ",[37,122466,12306],{"class":47},[37,122468,1653],{"class":122},[37,122470,122471],{"class":43}," years old",[37,122473,122474],{"class":51},".\n",[20,122476,122477,122478,292],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[285,122479,89780],{"href":89779},[130,122481,122483,10700,122485],{"id":122482},"str-vs-print",[15,122484,47778],{},[15,122486,46549],{},[20,122488,122489],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[135,122491,122492,122497],{},[138,122493,122494,122496],{},[15,122495,47778],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[138,122498,122499,122501],{},[15,122500,46549],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122503,197],{},[28,122505,122507],{"className":30,"code":122506,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122508,122509,122517,122521,122535,122545,122559],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122510,122511,122513,122515],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122512,1194],{"class":43},[37,122514,48],{"class":47},[37,122516,2897],{"class":122},[37,122518,122519],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122520,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122522,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122524,34795],{"class":43},[37,122526,48],{"class":47},[37,122528,48998],{"class":756},[37,122530,95],{"class":51},[37,122532,1215],{"class":102},[37,122534,85],{"class":51},[37,122536,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122538,92],{"class":91},[37,122540,95],{"class":51},[37,122542,34816],{"class":102},[37,122544,85],{"class":51},[37,122546,122547,122549,122551,122553,122555,122557],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122548,92],{"class":91},[37,122550,95],{"class":51},[37,122552,757],{"class":756},[37,122554,95],{"class":51},[37,122556,34816],{"class":102},[37,122558,106],{"class":51},[37,122560,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,122562,92],{"class":91},[37,122564,95],{"class":51},[37,122566,757],{"class":756},[37,122568,95],{"class":51},[37,122570,1215],{"class":102},[37,122572,106],{"class":51},[20,122574,122575],{},[110,122576,112],{},[28,122578,122580],{"className":30,"code":122579,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122581,122582,122586,122600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122583,122584],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122585,46709],{"class":122},[37,122587,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122589,808],{"class":47},[37,122591,812],{"class":811},[37,122593,815],{"class":55},[37,122595,3569],{"class":59},[37,122597,821],{"class":55},[37,122599,824],{"class":47},[37,122601,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122603,808],{"class":47},[37,122605,812],{"class":811},[37,122607,815],{"class":55},[37,122609,818],{"class":59},[37,122611,821],{"class":55},[37,122613,824],{"class":47},[20,122615,122616],{},"Notice:",[135,122618,122619,122625,122630],{},[138,122620,122621,122624],{},[15,122622,122623],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[138,122626,122627,122629],{},[15,122628,46549],{}," only displayed values",[138,122631,122632,122634,122635,122637,122638,61392,122640],{},[15,122633,46549],{}," did not change ",[15,122636,1215],{}," from ",[15,122639,818],{},[15,122641,3569],{},[20,122643,122644,122645,292],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[285,122646,122647,2436],{"href":46546},[15,122648,46549],{},[130,122650,122652,10700,122654,122657],{"id":122651},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122653,47778],{},[15,122655,122656],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122659,122660],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[135,122662,122663,122668],{},[138,122664,122665,122667],{},[15,122666,47778],{}," is the more readable text version",[138,122669,122670,122672],{},[15,122671,122656],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122674,122675,122676,122678],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122677,47778],{}," much more often.",[20,122680,122681,122682,122684],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122683,47778],{}," is usually the right choice.",[130,122686,155],{"id":4638},[307,122688,25881,122690,122692],{"id":122689},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122691,47778],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122694,122695,122697],{},[15,122696,47778],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[28,122699,122701],{"className":30,"code":122700,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122702,122703,122711,122725,122729,122739,122753,122763],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122704,122705,122707,122709],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122706,21735],{"class":43},[37,122708,48],{"class":47},[37,122710,45323],{"class":122},[37,122712,122713,122715,122717,122719,122721,122723],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122714,34795],{"class":43},[37,122716,48],{"class":47},[37,122718,48998],{"class":756},[37,122720,95],{"class":51},[37,122722,9415],{"class":102},[37,122724,85],{"class":51},[37,122726,122727],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122728,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122730,122731,122733,122735,122737],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122732,92],{"class":91},[37,122734,95],{"class":51},[37,122736,9415],{"class":102},[37,122738,85],{"class":51},[37,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,122742,92],{"class":91},[37,122744,95],{"class":51},[37,122746,757],{"class":756},[37,122748,95],{"class":51},[37,122750,9415],{"class":102},[37,122752,106],{"class":51},[37,122754,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,122756,92],{"class":91},[37,122758,95],{"class":51},[37,122760,34816],{"class":102},[37,122762,85],{"class":51},[37,122764,122765,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,122766,92],{"class":91},[37,122768,95],{"class":51},[37,122770,757],{"class":756},[37,122772,95],{"class":51},[37,122774,34816],{"class":102},[37,122776,106],{"class":51},[20,122778,122779],{},[110,122780,112],{},[28,122782,122784],{"className":30,"code":122783,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122785,122786,122790,122804,122808],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122787,122788],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122789,2837],{"class":122},[37,122791,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122793,808],{"class":47},[37,122795,812],{"class":811},[37,122797,815],{"class":55},[37,122799,818],{"class":59},[37,122801,821],{"class":55},[37,122803,824],{"class":47},[37,122805,122806],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122807,2837],{"class":122},[37,122809,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818,122820],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122811,808],{"class":47},[37,122813,812],{"class":811},[37,122815,815],{"class":55},[37,122817,3569],{"class":59},[37,122819,821],{"class":55},[37,122821,824],{"class":47},[307,122823,122825],{"id":122824},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122827,6809],{},[28,122829,122831],{"className":30,"code":122830,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122832,122833,122841],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122834,122835,122837,122839],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122836,21735],{"class":43},[37,122838,48],{"class":47},[37,122840,45323],{"class":122},[37,122842,122843,122845,122847,122849,122851,122853],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122844,34795],{"class":43},[37,122846,48],{"class":47},[37,122848,48998],{"class":756},[37,122850,95],{"class":51},[37,122852,9415],{"class":102},[37,122854,85],{"class":51},[20,122856,122857],{},"But if you only do this:",[28,122859,122861],{"className":30,"code":122860,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122862,122863,122871],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122864,122865,122867,122869],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122866,21735],{"class":43},[37,122868,48],{"class":47},[37,122870,45323],{"class":122},[37,122872,122873,122875,122877,122879],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122874,3569],{"class":756},[37,122876,95],{"class":51},[37,122878,9415],{"class":102},[37,122880,85],{"class":51},[20,122882,122883],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[307,122885,1872,122887,122889],{"id":122886},"using-str-too-early",[15,122888,47778],{}," too early",[20,122891,122892],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[28,122894,122896],{"className":30,"code":122895,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122897,122898,122906,122921,122925],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122899,122900,122902,122904],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122901,40488],{"class":43},[37,122903,48],{"class":47},[37,122905,1345],{"class":122},[37,122907,122908,122911,122913,122915,122917,122919],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122909,122910],{"class":43},"text_price ",[37,122912,48],{"class":47},[37,122914,48998],{"class":756},[37,122916,95],{"class":51},[37,122918,25257],{"class":102},[37,122920,85],{"class":51},[37,122922,122923],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,122924,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,122926,122927],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,122928,122929],{"class":3788},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122931,122932,122933,3006,122937,122941],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[285,122934,122935],{"href":3002},[15,122936,3005],{},[285,122938,122939],{"href":3009},[15,122940,3012],{},", depending on the situation.",[307,122943,1880,122945,122948],{"id":122944},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122946,122947],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122950,64734],{},[28,122952,122954],{"className":30,"code":122953,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122955,122956,122988],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,122957,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,122959,670],{"class":43},[37,122961,48],{"class":47},[37,122963,519],{"class":51},[37,122965,56],{"class":55},[37,122967,329],{"class":59},[37,122969,56],{"class":55},[37,122971,65],{"class":51},[37,122973,68],{"class":55},[37,122975,338],{"class":59},[37,122977,56],{"class":55},[37,122979,65],{"class":51},[37,122981,68],{"class":55},[37,122983,347],{"class":59},[37,122985,56],{"class":55},[37,122987,3760],{"class":51},[37,122989,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,122991,92],{"class":91},[37,122993,95],{"class":51},[37,122995,3569],{"class":756},[37,122997,95],{"class":51},[37,122999,687],{"class":102},[37,123001,106],{"class":51},[20,123003,123004],{},"prints:",[28,123006,123007],{"className":30,"code":72923,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,123008,123009],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123010,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123012,1067],{"class":51},[37,123014,821],{"class":55},[37,123016,329],{"class":59},[37,123018,821],{"class":55},[37,123020,65],{"class":51},[37,123022,815],{"class":55},[37,123024,338],{"class":59},[37,123026,821],{"class":55},[37,123028,65],{"class":51},[37,123030,815],{"class":55},[37,123032,347],{"class":59},[37,123034,821],{"class":55},[37,123036,3760],{"class":51},[20,123038,123039],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[130,123041,17528],{"id":17527},[20,123043,123044,22082,123046,292],{},[15,123045,47778],{},[110,123047,123048],{},"new string",[20,123050,181],{},[135,123052,123053,123056,123059],{},[138,123054,123055],{},"It always returns a string",[138,123057,123058],{},"It does not modify the original object",[138,123060,7885,123061,123065],{},[285,123062,123063],{"href":2432},[15,123064,2435],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123067,197],{},[28,123069,123071],{"className":30,"code":123070,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123072,123073,123081,123096,123100,123111],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123074,123075,123077,123079],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123076,1194],{"class":43},[37,123078,48],{"class":47},[37,123080,14240],{"class":122},[37,123082,123083,123086,123088,123090,123092,123094],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123084,123085],{"class":43},"converted ",[37,123087,48],{"class":47},[37,123089,48998],{"class":756},[37,123091,95],{"class":51},[37,123093,1215],{"class":102},[37,123095,85],{"class":51},[37,123097,123098],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,123099,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,123101,123102,123104,123106,123109],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,123103,92],{"class":91},[37,123105,95],{"class":51},[37,123107,123108],{"class":102},"converted",[37,123110,85],{"class":51},[37,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,123114,92],{"class":91},[37,123116,95],{"class":51},[37,123118,757],{"class":756},[37,123120,95],{"class":51},[37,123122,123108],{"class":102},[37,123124,106],{"class":51},[20,123126,123127],{},[110,123128,112],{},[28,123130,123132],{"className":30,"code":123131,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123133,123134,123139],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123135,123136],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123137,123138],{"class":122},"99\n",[37,123140,123141,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123142,808],{"class":47},[37,123144,812],{"class":811},[37,123146,815],{"class":55},[37,123148,3569],{"class":59},[37,123150,821],{"class":55},[37,123152,824],{"class":47},[130,123154,113814],{"id":113813},[20,123156,123157,123158,74902],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123159,47778],{},[135,123161,123162,123165,123168,123173],{},[138,123163,123164],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[138,123166,123167],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[138,123169,1872,123170,123172],{},[15,123171,47778],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[138,123174,123175],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123177,123178,123179,292],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[285,123180,25787,123181],{"href":90492},[15,123182,90493],{},[130,123184,123186],{"id":123185},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123188,123189],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[28,123191,123193],{"className":30,"code":123192,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123194,123195,123203,123207,123217,123231,123235,123249,123259],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123196,123197,123199,123201],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123198,1194],{"class":43},[37,123200,48],{"class":47},[37,123202,45323],{"class":122},[37,123204,123205],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123206,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,123208,123209,123211,123213,123215],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,123210,92],{"class":91},[37,123212,95],{"class":51},[37,123214,1215],{"class":102},[37,123216,85],{"class":51},[37,123218,123219,123221,123223,123225,123227,123229],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,123220,92],{"class":91},[37,123222,95],{"class":51},[37,123224,757],{"class":756},[37,123226,95],{"class":51},[37,123228,1215],{"class":102},[37,123230,106],{"class":51},[37,123232,123233],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,123234,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,123236,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,123238,123085],{"class":43},[37,123240,48],{"class":47},[37,123242,48998],{"class":756},[37,123244,95],{"class":51},[37,123246,1215],{"class":102},[37,123248,85],{"class":51},[37,123250,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,123252,92],{"class":91},[37,123254,95],{"class":51},[37,123256,123108],{"class":102},[37,123258,85],{"class":51},[37,123260,123261,123263,123265,123267,123269,123271],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,123262,92],{"class":91},[37,123264,95],{"class":51},[37,123266,757],{"class":756},[37,123268,95],{"class":51},[37,123270,123108],{"class":102},[37,123272,106],{"class":51},[20,123274,123275,123276,2321,123278,123280,123281,292],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123277,818],{},[15,123279,2324],{},", or another type into ",[15,123282,3569],{},[130,123284,1969],{"id":1968},[307,123286,5262,123288,5265],{"id":123287},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123289,47778],{},[20,123291,123292],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[307,123294,1983,123296,123298],{"id":123295},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123297,47778],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123300,123301],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[307,123303,5290,123305,123307],{"id":123304},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123306,47778],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123309,123310],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[307,123312,94678,123314,123316],{"id":123313},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123315,47778],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123318,123319],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[307,123321,15013,123323,57297,123325,2623],{"id":123322},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123324,47778],{},[15,123326,46549],{},[20,123328,1989,123329,123331,123332,123334],{},[15,123330,47778],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123333,46549],{}," shows output.",[130,123336,2025],{"id":2024},[135,123338,123339,123345,123351,123357,123363,123372,123376],{},[138,123340,123341],{},[285,123342,123343,291],{"href":46546},[15,123344,46549],{},[138,123346,123347],{},[285,123348,123349,291],{"href":2432},[15,123350,2435],{},[138,123352,123353],{},[285,123354,123355,291],{"href":3002},[15,123356,3005],{},[138,123358,123359],{},[285,123360,123361,291],{"href":3009},[15,123362,3012],{},[138,123364,123365],{},[285,123366,123368,123369,123371],{"href":123367},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123370,818],{}," to string in Python",[138,123373,123374],{},[285,123375,90770],{"href":89779},[138,123377,123378],{},[285,123379,30455,123380],{"href":90492},[15,123381,90493],{},[2052,123383,123384],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":123386},[123387,123388,123390,123391,123397,123399,123401,123403,123412,123413,123414,123415,123427],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":121805,"depth":88,"text":123389},"What str() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":121972,"depth":88,"text":121973,"children":123392},[123393,123394,123395,123396],{"id":121976,"depth":251,"text":121977},{"id":122062,"depth":251,"text":122063},{"id":122149,"depth":251,"text":122150},{"id":122235,"depth":251,"text":122236},{"id":122351,"depth":88,"text":123398},"When to use str()",{"id":122482,"depth":88,"text":123400},"str() vs print()",{"id":122651,"depth":88,"text":123402},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":123404},[123405,123407,123408,123410],{"id":122689,"depth":251,"text":123406},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122824,"depth":251,"text":122825},{"id":122886,"depth":251,"text":123409},"Using str() too early",{"id":122944,"depth":251,"text":123411},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":113813,"depth":88,"text":113814},{"id":123185,"depth":88,"text":123186},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":123416},[123417,123419,123421,123423,123425],{"id":123287,"depth":251,"text":123418},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123295,"depth":251,"text":123420},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123304,"depth":251,"text":123422},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123313,"depth":251,"text":123424},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123322,"depth":251,"text":123426},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42276,"description":123428},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123435,"title":123436,"body":123437,"description":124889,"extension":2099,"meta":124890,"navigation":254,"path":124891,"seo":124892,"stem":124893,"__hash__":124894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123438,"toc":124851},[123439,123445,123451,123454,123475,123477,123539,123541,123554,123560,123565,123570,123572,123585,123596,123598,123625,123627,123644,123651,123662,123664,123669,123671,123683,123691,123700,123702,123705,123758,123760,123768,123776,123780,123785,123825,123827,123835,123838,123840,123880,123882,123890,123900,123906,123909,123982,123984,123997,124001,124006,124034,124037,124072,124074,124082,124085,124089,124093,124095,124111,124113,124153,124155,124163,124172,124215,124217,124225,124227,124231,124237,124240,124280,124282,124290,124295,124298,124341,124345,124348,124383,124388,124390,124429,124439,124447,124457,124465,124469,124474,124476,124517,124519,124527,124532,124535,124538,124556,124562,124566,124571,124574,124614,124616,124621,124720,124723,124739,124741,124760,124762,124769,124772,124778,124781,124787,124791,124797,124800,124806,124809,124811,124848],[10,123440,123442,123443,11437],{"id":123441},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123444,57382],{},[20,123446,123447,123448,123450],{},"The Python string ",[15,123449,57382],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123452,123453],{},"This reference page explains:",[135,123455,123456,123460,123463,123465,123472],{},[138,123457,1957,123458,3805],{},[15,123459,57382],{},[138,123461,123462],{},"its syntax",[138,123464,35503],{},[138,123466,1962,123467,851,123469,123471],{},[15,123468,36182],{},[15,123470,52752],{}," work",[138,123473,123474],{},"common beginner mistakes",[130,123476,2140],{"id":2139},[28,123478,123480],{"className":30,"code":123479,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123481,123482,123494,123516],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123483,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123485,34795],{"class":43},[37,123487,48],{"class":47},[37,123489,68],{"class":55},[37,123491,338],{"class":59},[37,123493,3484],{"class":55},[37,123495,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512,123514],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123497,92],{"class":91},[37,123499,95],{"class":51},[37,123501,34816],{"class":102},[37,123503,292],{"class":51},[37,123505,265],{"class":102},[37,123507,95],{"class":51},[37,123509,56],{"class":55},[37,123511,285],{"class":59},[37,123513,56],{"class":55},[37,123515,106],{"class":51},[37,123517,123518,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532,123535,123537],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,123519,92],{"class":91},[37,123521,95],{"class":51},[37,123523,34816],{"class":102},[37,123525,292],{"class":51},[37,123527,265],{"class":102},[37,123529,95],{"class":51},[37,123531,56],{"class":55},[37,123533,123534],{"class":59},"na",[37,123536,56],{"class":55},[37,123538,106],{"class":51},[20,123540,112],{},[28,123542,123544],{"className":30,"code":123543,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"3\n2\n",[15,123545,123546,123550],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123547,123548],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123549,115],{"class":122},[37,123551,123552],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123553,1008],{"class":122},[20,123555,22,123556,123559],{},[15,123557,123558],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[130,123561,13108,123563,13111],{"id":123562},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123564,57382],{},[20,123566,123567,123569],{},[15,123568,57382],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123571,13164],{},[135,123573,123574,123577,123580,123582],{},[138,123575,123576],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[138,123578,123579],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[138,123581,43757],{},[138,123583,123584],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123586,123587,123588,123590,123591,2321,123593,123595],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123589,18203],{}," characters are in ",[15,123592,65365],{},[15,123594,57382],{}," is a simple choice.",[130,123597,159],{"id":158},[28,123599,123601],{"className":30,"code":123600,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123602,123603],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123604,123605,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123606,61265],{"class":43},[37,123608,292],{"class":51},[37,123610,265],{"class":102},[37,123612,95],{"class":51},[37,123614,1215],{"class":102},[37,123616,65],{"class":51},[37,123618,36161],{"class":102},[37,123620,65],{"class":51},[37,123622,65131],{"class":102},[37,123624,85],{"class":51},[307,123626,17504],{"id":17503},[135,123628,123629,123634,123639],{},[138,123630,123631,123633],{},[15,123632,1215],{},": the text to search for",[138,123635,123636,123638],{},[15,123637,36182],{},": optional; where counting begins",[138,123640,123641,123643],{},[15,123642,52752],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123645,123646,851,123648,123650],{},[15,123647,36182],{},[15,123649,52752],{}," work like slice positions:",[135,123652,123653,123658],{},[138,123654,123655,123657],{},[15,123656,36182],{}," is included",[138,123659,123660,75828],{},[15,123661,52752],{},[130,123663,17528],{"id":17527},[20,123665,123666,123668],{},[15,123667,57382],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123670,2260],{},[135,123672,123673,123678],{},[138,123674,123675,123676],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123677,1129],{},[138,123679,123680,123681],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123682,1070],{},[20,123684,41007,123685,5281,123687,3006,123689,292],{},[110,123686,711],{},[15,123688,3729],{},[15,123690,3799],{},[20,123692,123693,123694,123699],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[285,123695,123697,101688],{"href":123696},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123698,1773],{}," is often a better fit.",[130,123701,11590],{"id":11589},[20,123703,123704],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[28,123706,123708],{"className":30,"code":123707,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123709,123710,123722,123744,123748],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123711,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123713,34795],{"class":43},[37,123715,48],{"class":47},[37,123717,68],{"class":55},[37,123719,329],{"class":59},[37,123721,3484],{"class":55},[37,123723,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123725,2362],{"class":43},[37,123727,48],{"class":47},[37,123729,42940],{"class":43},[37,123731,292],{"class":51},[37,123733,265],{"class":102},[37,123735,95],{"class":51},[37,123737,56],{"class":55},[37,123739,20],{"class":59},[37,123741,56],{"class":55},[37,123743,85],{"class":51},[37,123745,123746],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,123747,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,123749,123750,123752,123754,123756],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,123751,92],{"class":91},[37,123753,95],{"class":51},[37,123755,2397],{"class":102},[37,123757,85],{"class":51},[20,123759,112],{},[28,123761,123762],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,123763,123764],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123765,123766],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123767,1008],{"class":122},[20,123769,63910,123770,123773,123774,292],{},[15,123771,123772],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123775,57925],{},[130,123777,123779],{"id":123778},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123781,123782,123784],{},[15,123783,57382],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[28,123786,123788],{"className":30,"code":123787,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123789,123790,123803],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123791,123792,123794,123796,123798,123801],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123793,34795],{"class":43},[37,123795,48],{"class":47},[37,123797,68],{"class":55},[37,123799,123800],{"class":59},"cat dog cat bird cat",[37,123802,3484],{"class":55},[37,123804,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123806,92],{"class":91},[37,123808,95],{"class":51},[37,123810,34816],{"class":102},[37,123812,292],{"class":51},[37,123814,265],{"class":102},[37,123816,95],{"class":51},[37,123818,56],{"class":55},[37,123820,37149],{"class":59},[37,123822,56],{"class":55},[37,123824,106],{"class":51},[20,123826,112],{},[28,123828,123829],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,123830,123831],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123832,123833],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123834,115],{"class":122},[20,123836,123837],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123839,197],{},[28,123841,123843],{"className":30,"code":123842,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123844,123845,123858],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123846,123847,123849,123851,123853,123856],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123848,34795],{"class":43},[37,123850,48],{"class":47},[37,123852,68],{"class":55},[37,123854,123855],{"class":59},"one One one",[37,123857,3484],{"class":55},[37,123859,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123861,92],{"class":91},[37,123863,95],{"class":51},[37,123865,34816],{"class":102},[37,123867,292],{"class":51},[37,123869,265],{"class":102},[37,123871,95],{"class":51},[37,123873,56],{"class":55},[37,123875,6706],{"class":59},[37,123877,56],{"class":55},[37,123879,106],{"class":51},[20,123881,112],{},[28,123883,123884],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,123885,123886],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123887,123888],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123889,1008],{"class":122},[20,123891,123892,123893,123896,123897,123899],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123894,123895],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123898,57382],{}," is case-sensitive.",[130,123901,1872,123902,851,123904],{"id":65497},[15,123903,36182],{},[15,123905,52752],{},[20,123907,123908],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[28,123910,123912],{"className":30,"code":123911,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123913,123914,123926,123952],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123915,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123917,34795],{"class":43},[37,123919,48],{"class":47},[37,123921,68],{"class":55},[37,123923,338],{"class":59},[37,123925,3484],{"class":55},[37,123927,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123929,92],{"class":91},[37,123931,95],{"class":51},[37,123933,34816],{"class":102},[37,123935,292],{"class":51},[37,123937,265],{"class":102},[37,123939,95],{"class":51},[37,123941,56],{"class":55},[37,123943,285],{"class":59},[37,123945,56],{"class":55},[37,123947,65],{"class":51},[37,123949,890],{"class":122},[37,123951,106],{"class":51},[37,123953,123954,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,123955,92],{"class":91},[37,123957,95],{"class":51},[37,123959,34816],{"class":102},[37,123961,292],{"class":51},[37,123963,265],{"class":102},[37,123965,95],{"class":51},[37,123967,56],{"class":55},[37,123969,285],{"class":59},[37,123971,56],{"class":55},[37,123973,65],{"class":51},[37,123975,890],{"class":122},[37,123977,65],{"class":51},[37,123979,527],{"class":122},[37,123981,106],{"class":51},[20,123983,112],{},[28,123985,123987],{"className":30,"code":123986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"2\n1\n",[15,123988,123989,123993],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,123990,123991],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,123992,1008],{"class":122},[37,123994,123995],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,123996,471],{"class":122},[307,123998,124000],{"id":123999},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124002,124003,124004,3013],{},"In ",[15,124005,65365],{},[135,124007,124008,124016,124024],{},[138,124009,71052,124010,124012,124013],{},[15,124011,508],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124014,124015],{},"\"n\"",[138,124017,124018,124021,124022,76126],{},[15,124019,124020],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124023,508],{},[138,124025,124026,124021,124029,124031,124032],{},[15,124027,124028],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124030,508],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124033,446],{},[20,124035,124036],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[28,124038,124040],{"className":30,"code":124039,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124041,124042,124054],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124043,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124045,34795],{"class":43},[37,124047,48],{"class":47},[37,124049,68],{"class":55},[37,124051,338],{"class":59},[37,124053,3484],{"class":55},[37,124055,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124057,92],{"class":91},[37,124059,95],{"class":51},[37,124061,34816],{"class":102},[37,124063,1067],{"class":51},[37,124065,508],{"class":122},[37,124067,3013],{"class":51},[37,124069,446],{"class":122},[37,124071,530],{"class":51},[20,124073,112],{},[28,124075,124076],{"className":30,"code":41568,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,124077,124078],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124079,124080],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124081,41568],{"class":43},[20,124083,124084],{},"Only that section is searched.",[130,124086,124088],{"id":124087},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124090,124091,123899],{},[15,124092,57382],{},[20,124094,2242],{},[135,124096,124097,124105],{},[138,124098,124099,851,124101,124104],{},[15,124100,18203],{},[15,124102,124103],{},"\"A\""," are different",[138,124106,124107,851,124109,124104],{},[15,124108,64625],{},[15,124110,90505],{},[20,124112,197],{},[28,124114,124116],{"className":30,"code":124115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124117,124118,124131],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124119,124120,124122,124124,124126,124129],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124121,34795],{"class":43},[37,124123,48],{"class":47},[37,124125,68],{"class":55},[37,124127,124128],{"class":59},"Apple apple APPLE",[37,124130,3484],{"class":55},[37,124132,124133,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147,124149,124151],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124134,92],{"class":91},[37,124136,95],{"class":51},[37,124138,34816],{"class":102},[37,124140,292],{"class":51},[37,124142,265],{"class":102},[37,124144,95],{"class":51},[37,124146,56],{"class":55},[37,124148,329],{"class":59},[37,124150,56],{"class":55},[37,124152,106],{"class":51},[20,124154,112],{},[28,124156,124157],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,124158,124159],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124160,124161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124162,471],{"class":122},[20,124164,124165,124166,3013],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[285,124167,124169],{"href":124168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124170,124171],{},"lower()",[28,124173,124175],{"className":30,"code":124174,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124176,124177,124189],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124178,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124180,34795],{"class":43},[37,124182,48],{"class":47},[37,124184,68],{"class":55},[37,124186,124128],{"class":59},[37,124188,3484],{"class":55},[37,124190,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124192,92],{"class":91},[37,124194,95],{"class":51},[37,124196,34816],{"class":102},[37,124198,292],{"class":51},[37,124200,8758],{"class":102},[37,124202,8755],{"class":51},[37,124204,265],{"class":102},[37,124206,95],{"class":51},[37,124208,56],{"class":55},[37,124210,329],{"class":59},[37,124212,56],{"class":55},[37,124214,106],{"class":51},[20,124216,112],{},[28,124218,124219],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,124220,124221],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124222,124223],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124224,115],{"class":122},[130,124226,1854],{"id":1853},[20,124228,23201,124229,292],{},[15,124230,57382],{},[307,124232,1880,124234,124236],{"id":124233},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124235,57382],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124238,124239],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[28,124241,124243],{"className":30,"code":124242,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124244,124245,124258],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124246,124247,124249,124251,124253,124256],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124248,34795],{"class":43},[37,124250,48],{"class":47},[37,124252,68],{"class":55},[37,124254,124255],{"class":59},"Aardvark",[37,124257,3484],{"class":55},[37,124259,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124261,92],{"class":91},[37,124263,95],{"class":51},[37,124265,34816],{"class":102},[37,124267,292],{"class":51},[37,124269,265],{"class":102},[37,124271,95],{"class":51},[37,124273,56],{"class":55},[37,124275,285],{"class":59},[37,124277,56],{"class":55},[37,124279,106],{"class":51},[20,124281,112],{},[28,124283,124284],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,124285,124286],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124287,124288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124289,1008],{"class":122},[20,124291,123892,124292,124294],{},[15,124293,124103],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124296,124297],{},"If needed, convert first:",[28,124299,124301],{"className":30,"code":124300,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124302,124303,124315],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124304,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124306,34795],{"class":43},[37,124308,48],{"class":47},[37,124310,68],{"class":55},[37,124312,124255],{"class":59},[37,124314,3484],{"class":55},[37,124316,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124318,92],{"class":91},[37,124320,95],{"class":51},[37,124322,34816],{"class":102},[37,124324,292],{"class":51},[37,124326,8758],{"class":102},[37,124328,8755],{"class":51},[37,124330,265],{"class":102},[37,124332,95],{"class":51},[37,124334,56],{"class":55},[37,124336,285],{"class":59},[37,124338,56],{"class":55},[37,124340,106],{"class":51},[307,124342,124344],{"id":124343},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124346,124347],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[28,124349,124351],{"className":30,"code":124350,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124352,124353,124365],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124354,124355,124357,124359,124361,124363],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124356,34795],{"class":43},[37,124358,48],{"class":47},[37,124360,68],{"class":55},[37,124362,338],{"class":59},[37,124364,3484],{"class":55},[37,124366,124367,124369,124371,124373,124375,124377,124379,124381],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124368,92],{"class":91},[37,124370,95],{"class":51},[37,124372,34816],{"class":102},[37,124374,292],{"class":51},[37,124376,265],{"class":102},[37,124378,95],{"class":51},[37,124380,285],{"class":102},[37,124382,106],{"class":51},[20,124384,124385,124386,292],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124387,285],{},[20,124389,10923],{},[28,124391,124393],{"className":30,"code":124392,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124394,124395,124407],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124396,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124398,34795],{"class":43},[37,124400,48],{"class":47},[37,124402,68],{"class":55},[37,124404,338],{"class":59},[37,124406,3484],{"class":55},[37,124408,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124410,92],{"class":91},[37,124412,95],{"class":51},[37,124414,34816],{"class":102},[37,124416,292],{"class":51},[37,124418,265],{"class":102},[37,124420,95],{"class":51},[37,124422,56],{"class":55},[37,124424,285],{"class":59},[37,124426,56],{"class":55},[37,124428,106],{"class":51},[307,124430,37306,124432,8823,124434,3006,124437],{"id":124431},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124433,57382],{},[15,124435,124436],{},"find()",[15,124438,59060],{},[20,124440,22,124441,124443,124444,292],{},[15,124442,57382],{}," when you need the ",[110,124445,124446],{},"number of matches",[20,124448,22,124449,124443,124454,124456],{},[285,124450,124452],{"href":124451},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124453,124436],{},[110,124455,65037],{}," of the first match.",[20,124458,22,124459,124464],{},[285,124460,124462],{"href":124461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124463,59060],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[307,124466,124468],{"id":124467},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124470,124471,124473],{},[15,124472,57382],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124475,197],{},[28,124477,124479],{"className":30,"code":124478,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124480,124481,124494],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124482,124483,124485,124487,124489,124492],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124484,34795],{"class":43},[37,124486,48],{"class":47},[37,124488,68],{"class":55},[37,124490,124491],{"class":59},"aaaa",[37,124493,3484],{"class":55},[37,124495,124496,124498,124500,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510,124513,124515],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124497,92],{"class":91},[37,124499,95],{"class":51},[37,124501,34816],{"class":102},[37,124503,292],{"class":51},[37,124505,265],{"class":102},[37,124507,95],{"class":51},[37,124509,56],{"class":55},[37,124511,124512],{"class":59},"aa",[37,124514,56],{"class":55},[37,124516,106],{"class":51},[20,124518,112],{},[28,124520,124521],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,124522,124523],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124524,124525],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124526,1008],{"class":122},[20,124528,124529,124530,292],{},"It does not return ",[15,124531,1129],{},[20,124533,124534],{},"Why not?",[20,124536,124537],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[135,124539,124540,124549],{},[138,124541,124542,124545,124546],{},[15,124543,124544],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124547,124548],{},"0-1",[138,124550,124551,124545,124553],{},[15,124552,124544],{},[15,124554,124555],{},"2-3",[20,124557,124558,124559,292],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124560,124561],{},"1-2",[130,124563,5080,124564],{"id":58465},[15,124565,57382],{},[20,124567,22,124568,124570],{},[15,124569,57382],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124572,124573],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[135,124575,124576,124585,124595,124605],{},[138,124577,22,124578,124580,124581,124584],{},[15,124579,57382],{}," when you need ",[110,124582,124583],{},"how many times"," something appears",[138,124586,22,124587,124580,124591,124594],{},[285,124588,124589],{"href":124451},[15,124590,124436],{},[110,124592,124593],{},"where"," it appears",[138,124596,47905,124597,124601,124602],{},[285,124598,124599,101688],{"href":123696},[15,124600,1773],{}," when you only need to know ",[110,124603,124604],{},"if it exists",[138,124606,22,124607,124613],{},[285,124608,124610],{"href":124609},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124611,124612],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[130,124615,26049],{"id":26048},[20,124617,8994,124618,124620],{},[15,124619,57382],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[28,124622,124624],{"className":30,"code":124623,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124625,124626,124636,124650,124672,124698],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124627,124628,124630,124632,124634],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124629,92],{"class":91},[37,124631,95],{"class":51},[37,124633,34816],{"class":102},[37,124635,85],{"class":51},[37,124637,124638,124640,124642,124644,124646,124648],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124639,92],{"class":91},[37,124641,95],{"class":51},[37,124643,757],{"class":756},[37,124645,95],{"class":51},[37,124647,34816],{"class":102},[37,124649,106],{"class":51},[37,124651,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124668,124670],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,124653,92],{"class":91},[37,124655,95],{"class":51},[37,124657,34816],{"class":102},[37,124659,292],{"class":51},[37,124661,265],{"class":102},[37,124663,95],{"class":51},[37,124665,56],{"class":55},[37,124667,285],{"class":59},[37,124669,56],{"class":55},[37,124671,106],{"class":51},[37,124673,124674,124676,124678,124680,124682,124684,124686,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,124675,92],{"class":91},[37,124677,95],{"class":51},[37,124679,34816],{"class":102},[37,124681,292],{"class":51},[37,124683,8758],{"class":102},[37,124685,8755],{"class":51},[37,124687,265],{"class":102},[37,124689,95],{"class":51},[37,124691,56],{"class":55},[37,124693,285],{"class":59},[37,124695,56],{"class":55},[37,124697,106],{"class":51},[37,124699,124700,124702,124704,124706,124708,124710,124712,124714,124716,124718],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,124701,92],{"class":91},[37,124703,95],{"class":51},[37,124705,34816],{"class":102},[37,124707,292],{"class":51},[37,124709,265],{"class":102},[37,124711,95],{"class":51},[37,124713,56],{"class":55},[37,124715,123534],{"class":59},[37,124717,56],{"class":55},[37,124719,106],{"class":51},[20,124721,124722],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[135,124724,124725,124728,124733,124736],{},[138,124726,124727],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[138,124729,124730,124732],{},[15,124731,34816],{}," not being a string",[138,124734,124735],{},"counting the wrong substring",[138,124737,124738],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124740,58954],{},[135,124742,124743,124746,124749,124752],{},[138,124744,124745],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[138,124747,124748],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[138,124750,124751],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[138,124753,50585,124754,44727,124756,3006,124758,73398],{},[15,124755,57382],{},[15,124757,124436],{},[15,124759,1773],{},[130,124761,1969],{"id":1968},[307,124763,124765,124766,124768],{"id":124764},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124767,57382],{}," change the original string?",[20,124770,124771],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[307,124773,15013,124775,124777],{"id":124774},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124776,57382],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124779,124780],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[307,124782,5262,124784,124786],{"id":124783},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124785,57382],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124788,5268,124789,292],{},[15,124790,1070],{},[307,124792,5290,124794,124796],{"id":124793},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124795,57382],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124798,124799],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[307,124801,1983,124803,124805],{"id":124802},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124804,57382],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124807,124808],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[130,124810,2025],{"id":2024},[135,124812,124813,124820,124827,124834,124841],{},[138,124814,124815],{},[285,124816,124817],{"href":124451},[15,124818,124819],{},"Python string find() method",[138,124821,124822],{},[285,124823,124824],{"href":124461},[15,124825,124826],{},"Python string index() method",[138,124828,124829],{},[285,124830,124831],{"href":124168},[15,124832,124833],{},"Python string lower() method",[138,124835,124836],{},[285,124837,124838],{"href":123696},[15,124839,124840],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[138,124842,124843],{},[285,124844,124845],{"href":124609},[15,124846,124847],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2052,124849,124850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":124852},[124853,124854,124856,124859,124860,124861,124862,124865,124866,124874,124875,124876,124888],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":123562,"depth":88,"text":124855},"What the count() method does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":124857},[124858],{"id":17503,"depth":251,"text":17504},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":123778,"depth":88,"text":123779},{"id":65497,"depth":88,"text":66280,"children":124863},[124864],{"id":123999,"depth":251,"text":124000},{"id":124087,"depth":88,"text":124088},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":124867},[124868,124870,124871,124873],{"id":124233,"depth":251,"text":124869},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124343,"depth":251,"text":124344},{"id":124431,"depth":251,"text":124872},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124467,"depth":251,"text":124468},{"id":58465,"depth":88,"text":59096},{"id":26048,"depth":88,"text":26049},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":124877},[124878,124880,124882,124884,124886],{"id":124764,"depth":251,"text":124879},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124774,"depth":251,"text":124881},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124783,"depth":251,"text":124883},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124793,"depth":251,"text":124885},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124802,"depth":251,"text":124887},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123436,"description":124889},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124896,"title":124897,"body":124898,"description":126483,"extension":2099,"meta":126484,"navigation":254,"path":126485,"seo":126486,"stem":126487,"__hash__":126488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124899,"toc":126456},[124900,124903,124906,125003,125012,125014,125033,125037,125040,125043,125056,125059,125088,125093,125098,125156,125158,125191,125197,125201,125204,125207,125236,125239,125266,125269,125272,125276,125279,125286,125349,125351,125369,125372,125376,125379,125382,125424,125427,125471,125474,125477,125481,125486,125489,125532,125534,125557,125560,125593,125596,125645,125655,125659,125662,125665,125694,125697,125708,125710,125769,125772,125776,125779,125782,125797,125806,125809,125843,125846,125873,125876,125883,125885,125888,125890,125893,125907,125916,125918,125945,125949,125952,125966,125969,126028,126032,126035,126062,126065,126092,126100,126103,126163,126165,126198,126202,126205,126224,126229,126278,126283,126285,126288,126347,126365,126367,126371,126379,126383,126386,126390,126396,126400,126410,126414,126417,126419,126453],[10,124901,124897],{"id":124902},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124904,124905],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[28,124907,124909],{"className":30,"code":124908,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124910,124911,124923,124935,124944,124958,124962,124972,124982,124993],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,124912,124913,124915,124917,124919,124921],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,124914,7996],{"class":43},[37,124916,48],{"class":47},[37,124918,68],{"class":55},[37,124920,5123],{"class":59},[37,124922,3484],{"class":55},[37,124924,124925,124927,124929,124931,124933],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,124926,90094],{"class":43},[37,124928,48],{"class":47},[37,124930,815],{"class":55},[37,124932,34975],{"class":59},[37,124934,29807],{"class":55},[37,124936,124937,124940,124942],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,124938,124939],{"class":43},"empty ",[37,124941,48],{"class":47},[37,124943,8001],{"class":55},[37,124945,124946,124948,124950,124952,124954,124956],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,124947,34795],{"class":43},[37,124949,48],{"class":47},[37,124951,48998],{"class":756},[37,124953,95],{"class":51},[37,124955,50339],{"class":122},[37,124957,85],{"class":51},[37,124959,124960],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,124961,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,124963,124964,124966,124968,124970],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,124965,92],{"class":91},[37,124967,95],{"class":51},[37,124969,7790],{"class":102},[37,124971,85],{"class":51},[37,124973,124974,124976,124978,124980],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,124975,92],{"class":91},[37,124977,95],{"class":51},[37,124979,90111],{"class":102},[37,124981,85],{"class":51},[37,124983,124984,124986,124988,124991],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,124985,92],{"class":91},[37,124987,95],{"class":51},[37,124989,124990],{"class":102},"empty",[37,124992,85],{"class":51},[37,124994,124995,124997,124999,125001],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,124996,92],{"class":91},[37,124998,95],{"class":51},[37,125000,34816],{"class":102},[37,125002,85],{"class":51},[20,125004,125005,125008,125009,125011],{},[110,125006,125007],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125010,47778],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[130,125013,133],{"id":132},[135,125015,125016,125019,125022,125025,125030],{},[138,125017,125018],{},"What a string is in Python",[138,125020,125021],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[138,125023,125024],{},"How to create an empty string",[138,125026,125027,125028],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125029,47778],{},[138,125031,125032],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[130,125034,125036],{"id":125035},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125038,125039],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125041,125042],{},"Strings can contain:",[135,125044,125045,125048,125050,125053],{},[138,125046,125047],{},"Letters",[138,125049,56553],{},[138,125051,125052],{},"Spaces",[138,125054,125055],{},"Symbols",[20,125057,125058],{},"Examples of strings:",[28,125060,125062],{"className":30,"code":125061,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125063,125064,125072,125080],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125065,125066,125068,125070],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125067,56],{"class":43427},[37,125069,3970],{"class":43431},[37,125071,3484],{"class":43427},[37,125073,125074,125076,125078],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125075,56],{"class":43427},[37,125077,50339],{"class":43431},[37,125079,3484],{"class":43427},[37,125081,125082,125084,125086],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125083,56],{"class":43427},[37,125085,89236],{"class":43431},[37,125087,3484],{"class":43427},[20,125089,21084,125090,125092],{},[15,125091,50389],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125094,125095,125096,3013],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125097,2435],{},[28,125099,125101],{"className":30,"code":125100,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125102,125103,125115,125124,125128,125142],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125104,125105,125107,125109,125111,125113],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125106,34795],{"class":43},[37,125108,48],{"class":47},[37,125110,68],{"class":55},[37,125112,50339],{"class":59},[37,125114,3484],{"class":55},[37,125116,125117,125119,125121],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125118,2349],{"class":43},[37,125120,48],{"class":47},[37,125122,125123],{"class":122}," 123\n",[37,125125,125126],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125127,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,125129,125130,125132,125134,125136,125138,125140],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,125131,92],{"class":91},[37,125133,95],{"class":51},[37,125135,757],{"class":756},[37,125137,95],{"class":51},[37,125139,34816],{"class":102},[37,125141,106],{"class":51},[37,125143,125144,125146,125148,125150,125152,125154],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,125145,92],{"class":91},[37,125147,95],{"class":51},[37,125149,757],{"class":756},[37,125151,95],{"class":51},[37,125153,2372],{"class":102},[37,125155,106],{"class":51},[20,125157,112],{},[28,125159,125161],{"className":30,"code":125160,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125162,125163,125177],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125164,125165,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125166,808],{"class":47},[37,125168,812],{"class":811},[37,125170,815],{"class":55},[37,125172,3569],{"class":59},[37,125174,821],{"class":55},[37,125176,824],{"class":47},[37,125178,125179,125181,125183,125185,125187,125189],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125180,808],{"class":47},[37,125182,812],{"class":811},[37,125184,815],{"class":55},[37,125186,818],{"class":59},[37,125188,821],{"class":55},[37,125190,824],{"class":47},[20,125192,125193,125194,292],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[285,125195,125196],{"href":51068},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[130,125198,125200],{"id":125199},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125202,125203],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125205,125206],{},"You can use single quotes:",[28,125208,125210],{"className":30,"code":125209,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125211,125212,125225],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125213,125214,125217,125219,125221,125223],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125215,125216],{"class":43},"greeting ",[37,125218,48],{"class":47},[37,125220,815],{"class":55},[37,125222,3970],{"class":59},[37,125224,29807],{"class":55},[37,125226,125227,125229,125231,125234],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125228,92],{"class":91},[37,125230,95],{"class":51},[37,125232,125233],{"class":102},"greeting",[37,125235,85],{"class":51},[20,125237,125238],{},"Or double quotes:",[28,125240,125242],{"className":30,"code":125241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125243,125244,125256],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125245,125246,125248,125250,125252,125254],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125247,125216],{"class":43},[37,125249,48],{"class":47},[37,125251,68],{"class":55},[37,125253,3970],{"class":59},[37,125255,3484],{"class":55},[37,125257,125258,125260,125262,125264],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125259,92],{"class":91},[37,125261,95],{"class":51},[37,125263,125233],{"class":102},[37,125265,85],{"class":51},[20,125267,125268],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125270,125271],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[130,125273,125275],{"id":125274},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125277,125278],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125280,125281,125282,3006,125284,3013],{},"Use either ",[15,125283,6393],{},[15,125285,3899],{},[28,125287,125289],{"className":30,"code":125288,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125290,125291,125300,125309,125313,125324,125335],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125292,125293,125296,125298],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125294,125295],{"class":43},"empty1 ",[37,125297,48],{"class":47},[37,125299,8001],{"class":55},[37,125301,125302,125305,125307],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125303,125304],{"class":43},"empty2 ",[37,125306,48],{"class":47},[37,125308,47590],{"class":55},[37,125310,125311],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125312,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,125314,125315,125317,125319,125322],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,125316,92],{"class":91},[37,125318,95],{"class":51},[37,125320,125321],{"class":102},"empty1",[37,125323,85],{"class":51},[37,125325,125326,125328,125330,125333],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,125327,92],{"class":91},[37,125329,95],{"class":51},[37,125331,125332],{"class":102},"empty2",[37,125334,85],{"class":51},[37,125336,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,125338,92],{"class":91},[37,125340,95],{"class":51},[37,125342,757],{"class":756},[37,125344,95],{"class":51},[37,125346,125321],{"class":102},[37,125348,106],{"class":51},[20,125350,112],{},[28,125352,125353],{"className":30,"code":45868,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,125354,125355],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125356,125357,125359,125361,125363,125365,125367],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125358,808],{"class":47},[37,125360,812],{"class":811},[37,125362,815],{"class":55},[37,125364,3569],{"class":59},[37,125366,821],{"class":55},[37,125368,824],{"class":47},[20,125370,125371],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[130,125373,125375],{"id":125374},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125377,125378],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125380,125381],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[28,125383,125385],{"className":30,"code":125384,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125386,125387,125398,125403,125410,125414],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125388,125389,125391,125393,125396],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125390,90094],{"class":43},[37,125392,48],{"class":47},[37,125394,125395],{"class":55}," \"\"\"",[37,125397,89036],{"class":59},[37,125399,125400],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125401,125402],{"class":59},"Welcome to Python\n",[37,125404,125405,125408],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125406,125407],{"class":59},"Have a nice day",[37,125409,43435],{"class":55},[37,125411,125412],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,125413,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,125415,125416,125418,125420,125422],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,125417,92],{"class":91},[37,125419,95],{"class":51},[37,125421,90111],{"class":102},[37,125423,85],{"class":51},[20,125425,125426],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[28,125428,125430],{"className":30,"code":125429,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125431,125432,125444,125449,125457,125461],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125433,125434,125436,125438,125441],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125435,90094],{"class":43},[37,125437,48],{"class":47},[37,125439,125440],{"class":55}," '''",[37,125442,125443],{"class":59},"Line 1\n",[37,125445,125446],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125447,125448],{"class":59},"Line 2\n",[37,125450,125451,125454],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125452,125453],{"class":59},"Line 3",[37,125455,125456],{"class":55},"'''\n",[37,125458,125459],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,125460,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,125462,125463,125465,125467,125469],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,125464,92],{"class":91},[37,125466,95],{"class":51},[37,125468,90111],{"class":102},[37,125470,85],{"class":51},[20,125472,125473],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125475,125476],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[130,125478,125480],{"id":125479},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125482,1531,125483,125485],{},[15,125484,47778],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125487,125488],{},"Example with a number:",[28,125490,125492],{"className":30,"code":125491,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125493,125494,125508,125518],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125495,125496,125498,125500,125502,125504,125506],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125497,34795],{"class":43},[37,125499,48],{"class":47},[37,125501,48998],{"class":756},[37,125503,95],{"class":51},[37,125505,46623],{"class":122},[37,125507,85],{"class":51},[37,125509,125510,125512,125514,125516],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125511,92],{"class":91},[37,125513,95],{"class":51},[37,125515,34816],{"class":102},[37,125517,85],{"class":51},[37,125519,125520,125522,125524,125526,125528,125530],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125521,92],{"class":91},[37,125523,95],{"class":51},[37,125525,757],{"class":756},[37,125527,95],{"class":51},[37,125529,34816],{"class":102},[37,125531,106],{"class":51},[20,125533,112],{},[28,125535,125537],{"className":30,"code":125536,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125538,125539,125543],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125540,125541],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125542,46709],{"class":122},[37,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551,125553,125555],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125546,808],{"class":47},[37,125548,812],{"class":811},[37,125550,815],{"class":55},[37,125552,3569],{"class":59},[37,125554,821],{"class":55},[37,125556,824],{"class":47},[20,125558,125559],{},"You can also convert other values:",[28,125561,125563],{"className":30,"code":125562,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125564,125565,125579],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125566,125567,125569,125571,125573,125575,125577],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125568,92],{"class":91},[37,125570,95],{"class":51},[37,125572,3569],{"class":756},[37,125574,95],{"class":51},[37,125576,3729],{"class":3977},[37,125578,106],{"class":51},[37,125580,125581,125583,125585,125587,125589,125591],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125582,92],{"class":91},[37,125584,95],{"class":51},[37,125586,3569],{"class":756},[37,125588,95],{"class":51},[37,125590,40244],{"class":122},[37,125592,106],{"class":51},[20,125594,125595],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[28,125597,125599],{"className":30,"code":125598,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125600,125601,125609,125631,125635],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125602,125603,125605,125607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125604,21735],{"class":43},[37,125606,48],{"class":47},[37,125608,45323],{"class":122},[37,125610,125611,125613,125615,125617,125619,125621,125623,125625,125627,125629],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125612,90094],{"class":43},[37,125614,48],{"class":47},[37,125616,68],{"class":55},[37,125618,89512],{"class":59},[37,125620,56],{"class":55},[37,125622,2586],{"class":47},[37,125624,48998],{"class":756},[37,125626,95],{"class":51},[37,125628,9415],{"class":102},[37,125630,85],{"class":51},[37,125632,125633],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125634,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,125636,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,125638,92],{"class":91},[37,125640,95],{"class":51},[37,125642,90111],{"class":102},[37,125644,85],{"class":51},[20,125646,125647,125648,3006,125652,292],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[285,125649,288,125650,291],{"href":42275},[15,125651,47778],{},[285,125653,125654],{"href":123367},"how to convert int to string in Python",[130,125656,125658],{"id":125657},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125660,125661],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125663,125664],{},"Both of these are valid:",[28,125666,125668],{"className":30,"code":125667,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125669,125670,125682],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125671,125672,125674,125676,125678,125680],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125673,722],{"class":43},[37,125675,48],{"class":47},[37,125677,815],{"class":55},[37,125679,7418],{"class":59},[37,125681,29807],{"class":55},[37,125683,125684,125686,125688,125690,125692],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125685,735],{"class":43},[37,125687,48],{"class":47},[37,125689,68],{"class":55},[37,125691,7418],{"class":59},[37,125693,3484],{"class":55},[20,125695,125696],{},"A common rule is:",[135,125698,125699,125702,125705],{},[138,125700,125701],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[138,125703,125704],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[138,125706,125707],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125709,197],{},[28,125711,125713],{"className":30,"code":125712,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125714,125715,125729,125743,125747,125758],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125716,125717,125720,125722,125724,125727],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125718,125719],{"class":43},"text1 ",[37,125721,48],{"class":47},[37,125723,68],{"class":55},[37,125725,125726],{"class":59},"It's working",[37,125728,3484],{"class":55},[37,125730,125731,125734,125736,125738,125741],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125732,125733],{"class":43},"text2 ",[37,125735,48],{"class":47},[37,125737,815],{"class":55},[37,125739,125740],{"class":59},"She said \"hello\"",[37,125742,29807],{"class":55},[37,125744,125745],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,125746,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,125748,125749,125751,125753,125756],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,125750,92],{"class":91},[37,125752,95],{"class":51},[37,125754,125755],{"class":102},"text1",[37,125757,85],{"class":51},[37,125759,125760,125762,125764,125767],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,125761,92],{"class":91},[37,125763,95],{"class":51},[37,125765,125766],{"class":102},"text2",[37,125768,85],{"class":51},[20,125770,125771],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[130,125773,125775],{"id":125774},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125777,125778],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125780,125781],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[28,125783,125785],{"className":30,"code":125784,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125786,125787,125792],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125788,125789],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125790,125791],{"class":3788},"# This will cause an error\n",[37,125793,125794],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125795,125796],{"class":3788},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125798,125799,125800,35438,125802,125805],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125801,821],{},[15,125803,125804],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125807,125808],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[28,125810,125812],{"className":30,"code":125811,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125813,125814,125833],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125815,125816,125818,125820,125822,125825,125828,125831],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125817,34795],{"class":43},[37,125819,48],{"class":47},[37,125821,815],{"class":55},[37,125823,125824],{"class":59},"It",[37,125826,125827],{"class":34560},"\\'",[37,125829,125830],{"class":59},"s working",[37,125832,29807],{"class":55},[37,125834,125835,125837,125839,125841],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125836,92],{"class":91},[37,125838,95],{"class":51},[37,125840,34816],{"class":102},[37,125842,85],{"class":51},[20,125844,125845],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[28,125847,125849],{"className":30,"code":125848,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125850,125851,125863],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125852,125853,125855,125857,125859,125861],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125854,34795],{"class":43},[37,125856,48],{"class":47},[37,125858,68],{"class":55},[37,125860,125726],{"class":59},[37,125862,3484],{"class":55},[37,125864,125865,125867,125869,125871],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125866,92],{"class":91},[37,125868,95],{"class":51},[37,125870,34816],{"class":102},[37,125872,85],{"class":51},[20,125874,125875],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125877,125878,125879,292],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[285,125880,125882],{"href":125881},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[130,125884,1854],{"id":1853},[20,125886,125887],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[307,125889,90301],{"id":90300},[20,125891,125892],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[28,125894,125896],{"className":30,"code":125895,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125897,125898,125902],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125899,125900],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125901,125791],{"class":3788},[37,125903,125904],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125905,125906],{"class":3788},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125908,125909,125910,8719,125913,125915],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125911,125912],{},"NameError",[15,125914,5123],{}," is not defined.",[20,125917,10923],{},[28,125919,125921],{"className":30,"code":125920,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125922,125923,125935],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125924,125925,125927,125929,125931,125933],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125926,7996],{"class":43},[37,125928,48],{"class":47},[37,125930,68],{"class":55},[37,125932,5123],{"class":59},[37,125934,3484],{"class":55},[37,125936,125937,125939,125941,125943],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125938,92],{"class":91},[37,125940,95],{"class":51},[37,125942,7790],{"class":102},[37,125944,85],{"class":51},[307,125946,125948],{"id":125947},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125950,125951],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[28,125953,125955],{"className":30,"code":125954,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125956,125957,125961],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125958,125959],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125960,125791],{"class":3788},[37,125962,125963],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125964,125965],{"class":3788},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125967,125968],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[28,125970,125972],{"className":30,"code":125971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125973,125974,125991,126004,126008,126018],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,125975,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984,125986,125989],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,125977,125719],{"class":43},[37,125979,48],{"class":47},[37,125981,815],{"class":55},[37,125983,125824],{"class":59},[37,125985,125827],{"class":34560},[37,125987,125988],{"class":59},"s good",[37,125990,29807],{"class":55},[37,125992,125993,125995,125997,125999,126002],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,125994,125733],{"class":43},[37,125996,48],{"class":47},[37,125998,68],{"class":55},[37,126000,126001],{"class":59},"It's good",[37,126003,3484],{"class":55},[37,126005,126006],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126007,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,126009,126010,126012,126014,126016],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,126011,92],{"class":91},[37,126013,95],{"class":51},[37,126015,125755],{"class":102},[37,126017,85],{"class":51},[37,126019,126020,126022,126024,126026],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,126021,92],{"class":91},[37,126023,95],{"class":51},[37,126025,125766],{"class":102},[37,126027,85],{"class":51},[307,126029,126031],{"id":126030},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126033,126034],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[28,126036,126038],{"className":30,"code":126037,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126039,126040,126052],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126041,126042,126044,126046,126048,126050],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126043,34795],{"class":43},[37,126045,48],{"class":47},[37,126047,125395],{"class":55},[37,126049,3970],{"class":59},[37,126051,43435],{"class":55},[37,126053,126054,126056,126058,126060],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126055,92],{"class":91},[37,126057,95],{"class":51},[37,126059,34816],{"class":102},[37,126061,85],{"class":51},[20,126063,126064],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[28,126066,126068],{"className":30,"code":126067,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126069,126070,126082],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126071,126072,126074,126076,126078,126080],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126073,34795],{"class":43},[37,126075,48],{"class":47},[37,126077,68],{"class":55},[37,126079,3970],{"class":59},[37,126081,3484],{"class":55},[37,126083,126084,126086,126088,126090],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126085,92],{"class":91},[37,126087,95],{"class":51},[37,126089,34816],{"class":102},[37,126091,85],{"class":51},[307,126093,4699,126095,851,126097,126099],{"id":126094},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126096,50339],{},[15,126098,50389],{}," are the same type",[20,126101,126102],{},"They are different:",[28,126104,126106],{"className":30,"code":126105,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126107,126108,126117,126130,126134,126148],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126109,126110,126113,126115],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126111,126112],{"class":43},"value1 ",[37,126114,48],{"class":47},[37,126116,125123],{"class":122},[37,126118,126119,126122,126124,126126,126128],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126120,126121],{"class":43},"value2 ",[37,126123,48],{"class":47},[37,126125,68],{"class":55},[37,126127,50339],{"class":59},[37,126129,3484],{"class":55},[37,126131,126132],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126133,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,126135,126136,126138,126140,126142,126144,126146],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,126137,92],{"class":91},[37,126139,95],{"class":51},[37,126141,757],{"class":756},[37,126143,95],{"class":51},[37,126145,84857],{"class":102},[37,126147,106],{"class":51},[37,126149,126150,126152,126154,126156,126158,126161],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,126151,92],{"class":91},[37,126153,95],{"class":51},[37,126155,757],{"class":756},[37,126157,95],{"class":51},[37,126159,126160],{"class":102},"value2",[37,126162,106],{"class":51},[20,126164,112],{},[28,126166,126168],{"className":30,"code":126167,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126169,126170,126184],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126171,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180,126182],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126173,808],{"class":47},[37,126175,812],{"class":811},[37,126177,815],{"class":55},[37,126179,818],{"class":59},[37,126181,821],{"class":55},[37,126183,824],{"class":47},[37,126185,126186,126188,126190,126192,126194,126196],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126187,808],{"class":47},[37,126189,812],{"class":811},[37,126191,815],{"class":55},[37,126193,3569],{"class":59},[37,126195,821],{"class":55},[37,126197,824],{"class":47},[307,126199,126201],{"id":126200},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126203,126204],{},"This causes a type error:",[28,126206,126208],{"className":30,"code":126207,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126209,126210,126214,126219],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126211,126212],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126213,125791],{"class":3788},[37,126215,126216],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126217,126218],{"class":3788},"# age = 10\n",[37,126220,126221],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126222,126223],{"class":3788},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126225,126226,126227,3013],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126228,47778],{},[28,126230,126232],{"className":30,"code":126231,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126233,126234,126242,126264,126268],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126235,126236,126238,126240],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126237,21735],{"class":43},[37,126239,48],{"class":47},[37,126241,1345],{"class":122},[37,126243,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252,126254,126256,126258,126260,126262],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126245,90094],{"class":43},[37,126247,48],{"class":47},[37,126249,68],{"class":55},[37,126251,89512],{"class":59},[37,126253,56],{"class":55},[37,126255,2586],{"class":47},[37,126257,48998],{"class":756},[37,126259,95],{"class":51},[37,126261,9415],{"class":102},[37,126263,85],{"class":51},[37,126265,126266],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126267,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,126269,126270,126272,126274,126276],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,126271,92],{"class":91},[37,126273,95],{"class":51},[37,126275,90111],{"class":102},[37,126277,85],{"class":51},[20,126279,126280,126281,292],{},"For this specific error, see ",[285,126282,90493],{"href":90492},[307,126284,60801],{"id":60800},[20,126286,126287],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[28,126289,126291],{"className":30,"code":126290,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126292,126293,126305,126309,126319,126333],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126294,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126296,34795],{"class":43},[37,126298,48],{"class":47},[37,126300,68],{"class":55},[37,126302,3970],{"class":59},[37,126304,3484],{"class":55},[37,126306,126307],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126308,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,126310,126311,126313,126315,126317],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126312,92],{"class":91},[37,126314,95],{"class":51},[37,126316,34816],{"class":102},[37,126318,85],{"class":51},[37,126320,126321,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,126322,92],{"class":91},[37,126324,95],{"class":51},[37,126326,757],{"class":756},[37,126328,95],{"class":51},[37,126330,34816],{"class":102},[37,126332,106],{"class":51},[37,126334,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,126336,92],{"class":91},[37,126338,95],{"class":51},[37,126340,41879],{"class":91},[37,126342,95],{"class":51},[37,126344,34816],{"class":102},[37,126346,106],{"class":51},[135,126348,126349,126354,126359],{},[138,126350,126351,46376],{},[15,126352,126353],{},"print(text)",[138,126355,126356,46381],{},[15,126357,126358],{},"print(type(text))",[138,126360,126361,126364],{},[15,126362,126363],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[130,126366,1969],{"id":1968},[307,126368,126370],{"id":126369},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126372,126373,126374,3006,126377,292],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126375,126376],{},"'hello'",[15,126378,64625],{},[307,126380,126382],{"id":126381},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126384,126385],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[307,126387,126389],{"id":126388},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126391,22,126392,3006,126394,292],{},[15,126393,6393],{},[15,126395,3899],{},[307,126397,126399],{"id":126398},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126401,22,126402,126404,126405,126407,126408,292],{},[15,126403,47778],{},", like ",[15,126406,80467],{},", which returns ",[15,126409,42226],{},[307,126411,126413],{"id":126412},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126415,126416],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[130,126418,2025],{"id":2024},[135,126420,126421,126425,126431,126436,126445,126449],{},[138,126422,126423],{},[285,126424,125196],{"href":51068},[138,126426,126427],{},[285,126428,288,126429,291],{"href":42275},[15,126430,47778],{},[138,126432,126433],{},[285,126434,126435],{"href":123367},"How to convert int to string in Python",[138,126437,126438],{},[285,126439,126441,126442,10856],{"href":126440},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126443,126444],{},"format()",[138,126446,126447],{},[285,126448,125882],{"href":125881},[138,126450,126451],{},[285,126452,90493],{"href":90492},[2052,126454,126455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":126457},[126458,126459,126460,126461,126462,126463,126464,126465,126466,126475,126482],{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":125035,"depth":88,"text":125036},{"id":125199,"depth":88,"text":125200},{"id":125274,"depth":88,"text":125275},{"id":125374,"depth":88,"text":125375},{"id":125479,"depth":88,"text":125480},{"id":125657,"depth":88,"text":125658},{"id":125774,"depth":88,"text":125775},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":126467},[126468,126469,126470,126471,126473,126474],{"id":90300,"depth":251,"text":90301},{"id":125947,"depth":251,"text":125948},{"id":126030,"depth":251,"text":126031},{"id":126094,"depth":251,"text":126472},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126200,"depth":251,"text":126201},{"id":60800,"depth":251,"text":60801},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":126476},[126477,126478,126479,126480,126481],{"id":126369,"depth":251,"text":126370},{"id":126381,"depth":251,"text":126382},{"id":126388,"depth":251,"text":126389},{"id":126398,"depth":251,"text":126399},{"id":126412,"depth":251,"text":126413},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124897,"description":126483},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126490,"title":126491,"body":126492,"description":128406,"extension":2099,"meta":128407,"navigation":254,"path":128408,"seo":128409,"stem":128410,"__hash__":128411},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126493,"toc":128367},[126494,126500,126505,126513,126515,126582,126584,126596,126605,126610,126614,126631,126633,126698,126700,126712,126717,126719,126747,126768,126771,126810,126812,126820,126824,126828,126832,126840,126843,126884,126886,126894,126897,126954,126956,126964,126968,126973,127017,127019,127027,127036,127040,127045,127093,127095,127103,127109,127111,127115,127127,127132,127211,127213,127233,127237,127241,127281,127283,127291,127295,127338,127340,127348,127352,127392,127394,127402,127406,127462,127464,127472,127478,127480,127484,127494,127561,127563,127576,127583,127626,127628,127636,127640,127643,127699,127701,127709,127712,127714,127791,127793,127801,127810,127812,127816,127820,127822,127844,127847,127894,127898,127937,127939,127947,127949,127991,127998,128003,128065,128067,128079,128085,128090,128139,128141,128160,128166,128168,128187,128189,128280,128282,128288,128295,128301,128307,128312,128321,128328,128336,128338,128364],[10,126495,123442,126497,11437],{"id":126496},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126498,126499],{},"endswith()",[20,126501,123447,126502,126504],{},[15,126503,126499],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126506,126507,126508,3006,126510,126512],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126509,3729],{},[15,126511,3799],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[130,126514,2140],{"id":2139},[28,126516,126518],{"className":30,"code":126517,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126519,126520,126534,126559],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126521,126522,126525,126527,126529,126532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126523,126524],{"class":43},"filename ",[37,126526,48],{"class":47},[37,126528,68],{"class":55},[37,126530,126531],{"class":59},"report.csv",[37,126533,3484],{"class":55},[37,126535,126536,126538,126540,126543,126545,126548,126550,126552,126555,126557],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126537,92],{"class":91},[37,126539,95],{"class":51},[37,126541,126542],{"class":102},"filename",[37,126544,292],{"class":51},[37,126546,126547],{"class":102},"endswith",[37,126549,95],{"class":51},[37,126551,56],{"class":55},[37,126553,126554],{"class":59},".csv",[37,126556,56],{"class":55},[37,126558,106],{"class":51},[37,126560,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575,126578,126580],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126562,92],{"class":91},[37,126564,95],{"class":51},[37,126566,126542],{"class":102},[37,126568,292],{"class":51},[37,126570,126547],{"class":102},[37,126572,95],{"class":51},[37,126574,56],{"class":55},[37,126576,126577],{"class":59},".txt",[37,126579,56],{"class":55},[37,126581,106],{"class":51},[20,126583,112],{},[28,126585,126586],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,126587,126588,126592],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126589,126590],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126591,4103],{"class":3977},[37,126593,126594],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126595,4164],{"class":3977},[20,126597,22,126598,5490,126600,3006,126602,126604],{},[15,126599,126499],{},[15,126601,3729],{},[15,126603,3799],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[130,126606,296,126608,3805],{"id":126607},"what-endswith-does",[15,126609,126499],{},[20,126611,126612,3013],{},[15,126613,126499],{},[135,126615,126616,126619,126625,126628],{},[138,126617,126618],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[138,126620,11539,126621,3006,126623],{},[15,126622,3729],{},[15,126624,3799],{},[138,126626,126627],{},"Does not change the original string",[138,126629,126630],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126632,197],{},[28,126634,126636],{"className":30,"code":126635,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126637,126638,126650,126654,126676],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126639,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126641,34795],{"class":43},[37,126643,48],{"class":47},[37,126645,68],{"class":55},[37,126647,60497],{"class":59},[37,126649,3484],{"class":55},[37,126651,126652],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126653,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,126655,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,126657,92],{"class":91},[37,126659,95],{"class":51},[37,126661,34816],{"class":102},[37,126663,292],{"class":51},[37,126665,126547],{"class":102},[37,126667,95],{"class":51},[37,126669,56],{"class":55},[37,126671,60682],{"class":59},[37,126673,56],{"class":55},[37,126675,106],{"class":51},[37,126677,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,126679,92],{"class":91},[37,126681,95],{"class":51},[37,126683,34816],{"class":102},[37,126685,292],{"class":51},[37,126687,126547],{"class":102},[37,126689,95],{"class":51},[37,126691,56],{"class":55},[37,126693,3970],{"class":59},[37,126695,56],{"class":55},[37,126697,106],{"class":51},[20,126699,112],{},[28,126701,126702],{"className":30,"code":44273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,126703,126704,126708],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126705,126706],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126707,4103],{"class":3977},[37,126709,126710],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126711,4164],{"class":3977},[20,126713,126714,126715,292],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[285,126716,125196],{"href":51068},[130,126718,159],{"id":158},[28,126720,126722],{"className":30,"code":126721,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126723,126724],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126725,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126727,61265],{"class":43},[37,126729,292],{"class":51},[37,126731,126547],{"class":102},[37,126733,95],{"class":51},[37,126735,126736],{"class":102},"suffix",[37,126738,65],{"class":51},[37,126740,36161],{"class":102},[37,126742,65],{"class":51},[37,126744,65131],{"class":102},[37,126746,85],{"class":51},[135,126748,126749,126754,126761],{},[138,126750,126751,126753],{},[15,126752,126736],{}," is required",[138,126755,126756,851,126758,126760],{},[15,126757,36182],{},[15,126759,52752],{}," are optional",[138,126762,126763,851,126765,126767],{},[15,126764,36182],{},[15,126766,52752],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126769,126770],{},"Basic example:",[28,126772,126774],{"className":30,"code":126773,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126775,126776,126788],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126777,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126779,126524],{"class":43},[37,126781,48],{"class":47},[37,126783,68],{"class":55},[37,126785,86982],{"class":59},[37,126787,3484],{"class":55},[37,126789,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126791,92],{"class":91},[37,126793,95],{"class":51},[37,126795,126542],{"class":102},[37,126797,292],{"class":51},[37,126799,126547],{"class":102},[37,126801,95],{"class":51},[37,126803,56],{"class":55},[37,126805,126577],{"class":59},[37,126807,56],{"class":55},[37,126809,106],{"class":51},[20,126811,112],{},[28,126813,126814],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,126815,126816],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126817,126818],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126819,4103],{"class":3977},[130,126821,126823],{"id":126822},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[307,126825,126826],{"id":126736},[15,126827,126736],{},[20,126829,126830,30858],{},[15,126831,126736],{},[135,126833,126834,126837],{},[138,126835,126836],{},"A single string",[138,126838,126839],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126841,126842],{},"Single suffix:",[28,126844,126846],{"className":30,"code":126845,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126847,126848,126861],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126849,126850,126852,126854,126856,126859],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126851,7996],{"class":43},[37,126853,48],{"class":47},[37,126855,68],{"class":55},[37,126857,126858],{"class":59},"image.png",[37,126860,3484],{"class":55},[37,126862,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877,126880,126882],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126864,92],{"class":91},[37,126866,95],{"class":51},[37,126868,7790],{"class":102},[37,126870,292],{"class":51},[37,126872,126547],{"class":102},[37,126874,95],{"class":51},[37,126876,56],{"class":55},[37,126878,126879],{"class":59},".png",[37,126881,56],{"class":55},[37,126883,106],{"class":51},[20,126885,112],{},[28,126887,126888],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,126889,126890],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126891,126892],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126893,4103],{"class":3977},[20,126895,126896],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[28,126898,126900],{"className":30,"code":126899,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126901,126902,126914],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126903,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126905,7996],{"class":43},[37,126907,48],{"class":47},[37,126909,68],{"class":55},[37,126911,126858],{"class":59},[37,126913,3484],{"class":55},[37,126915,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126950,126952],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126917,92],{"class":91},[37,126919,95],{"class":51},[37,126921,7790],{"class":102},[37,126923,292],{"class":51},[37,126925,126547],{"class":102},[37,126927,5632],{"class":51},[37,126929,56],{"class":55},[37,126931,126932],{"class":59},".jpg",[37,126934,56],{"class":55},[37,126936,65],{"class":51},[37,126938,68],{"class":55},[37,126940,126879],{"class":59},[37,126942,56],{"class":55},[37,126944,65],{"class":51},[37,126946,68],{"class":55},[37,126948,126949],{"class":59},".gif",[37,126951,56],{"class":55},[37,126953,3041],{"class":51},[20,126955,112],{},[28,126957,126958],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,126959,126960],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126961,126962],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126963,4103],{"class":3977},[307,126965,126966],{"id":36182},[15,126967,36182],{},[20,126969,126970,126972],{},[15,126971,36182],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[28,126974,126976],{"className":30,"code":126975,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126977,126978,126991],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,126979,126980,126982,126984,126986,126989],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,126981,34795],{"class":43},[37,126983,48],{"class":47},[37,126985,68],{"class":55},[37,126987,126988],{"class":59},"my_report.csv",[37,126990,3484],{"class":55},[37,126992,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011,127013,127015],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,126994,92],{"class":91},[37,126996,95],{"class":51},[37,126998,34816],{"class":102},[37,127000,292],{"class":51},[37,127002,126547],{"class":102},[37,127004,95],{"class":51},[37,127006,56],{"class":55},[37,127008,126554],{"class":59},[37,127010,56],{"class":55},[37,127012,65],{"class":51},[37,127014,513],{"class":122},[37,127016,106],{"class":51},[20,127018,112],{},[28,127020,127021],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127022,127023],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127024,127025],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127026,4103],{"class":3977},[20,127028,127029,127030,127032,127033,292],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127031,1129],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127034,127035],{},"\"report.csv\"",[307,127037,127038],{"id":52752},[15,127039,52752],{},[20,127041,127042,127044],{},[15,127043,52752],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[28,127046,127048],{"className":30,"code":127047,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127049,127050,127063],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127051,127052,127054,127056,127058,127061],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127053,34795],{"class":43},[37,127055,48],{"class":47},[37,127057,68],{"class":55},[37,127059,127060],{"class":59},"report.csv backup",[37,127062,3484],{"class":55},[37,127064,127065,127067,127069,127071,127073,127075,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127066,92],{"class":91},[37,127068,95],{"class":51},[37,127070,34816],{"class":102},[37,127072,292],{"class":51},[37,127074,126547],{"class":102},[37,127076,95],{"class":51},[37,127078,56],{"class":55},[37,127080,126554],{"class":59},[37,127082,56],{"class":55},[37,127084,65],{"class":51},[37,127086,1498],{"class":122},[37,127088,65],{"class":51},[37,127090,6125],{"class":122},[37,127092,106],{"class":51},[20,127094,112],{},[28,127096,127097],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127098,127099],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127100,127101],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127102,4103],{"class":3977},[20,127104,127105,127106,127108],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127107,127035],{}," and ignores the rest.",[130,127110,17528],{"id":17527},[20,127112,127113,25616],{},[15,127114,126499],{},[135,127116,127117,127122],{},[138,127118,127119,127121],{},[15,127120,3729],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[138,127123,127124,127126],{},[15,127125,3799],{}," if it does not",[20,127128,127129,127130,7293],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127131,1484],{},[28,127133,127135],{"className":30,"code":127134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127136,127137,127150,127154,127175,127190,127196],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127138,127139,127141,127143,127145,127148],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127140,126524],{"class":43},[37,127142,48],{"class":47},[37,127144,68],{"class":55},[37,127146,127147],{"class":59},"data.csv",[37,127149,3484],{"class":55},[37,127151,127152],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127153,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,127155,127156,127158,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,127157,1484],{"class":1483},[37,127159,127160],{"class":43}," filename",[37,127162,292],{"class":51},[37,127164,126547],{"class":102},[37,127166,95],{"class":51},[37,127168,56],{"class":55},[37,127170,126554],{"class":59},[37,127172,56],{"class":55},[37,127174,8460],{"class":51},[37,127176,127177,127179,127181,127183,127186,127188],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,127178,1506],{"class":91},[37,127180,95],{"class":51},[37,127182,56],{"class":55},[37,127184,127185],{"class":59},"This is a CSV file.",[37,127187,56],{"class":55},[37,127189,85],{"class":51},[37,127191,127192,127194],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,127193,27540],{"class":1483},[37,127195,1501],{"class":51},[37,127197,127198,127200,127202,127204,127207,127209],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,127199,1506],{"class":91},[37,127201,95],{"class":51},[37,127203,56],{"class":55},[37,127205,127206],{"class":59},"This is not a CSV file.",[37,127208,56],{"class":55},[37,127210,85],{"class":51},[20,127212,112],{},[28,127214,127216],{"className":30,"code":127215,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127217,127218],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127219,127220,127222,127224,127226,127229,127231],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127221,49972],{"class":43},[37,127223,12306],{"class":47},[37,127225,44642],{"class":43},[37,127227,127228],{"class":34560},"CSV",[37,127230,86723],{"class":86722},[37,127232,122474],{"class":51},[130,127234,127236],{"id":127235},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[307,127238,127240],{"id":127239},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[28,127242,127244],{"className":30,"code":127243,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127245,127246,127259],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127247,127248,127250,127252,127254,127257],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127249,126524],{"class":43},[37,127251,48],{"class":47},[37,127253,68],{"class":55},[37,127255,127256],{"class":59},"sales.csv",[37,127258,3484],{"class":55},[37,127260,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127262,92],{"class":91},[37,127264,95],{"class":51},[37,127266,126542],{"class":102},[37,127268,292],{"class":51},[37,127270,126547],{"class":102},[37,127272,95],{"class":51},[37,127274,56],{"class":55},[37,127276,126554],{"class":59},[37,127278,56],{"class":55},[37,127280,106],{"class":51},[20,127282,112],{},[28,127284,127285],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127286,127287],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127288,127289],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127290,4103],{"class":3977},[307,127292,127294],{"id":127293},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[28,127296,127298],{"className":30,"code":127297,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127299,127300,127314],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127301,127302,127305,127307,127309,127312],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127303,127304],{"class":43},"url ",[37,127306,48],{"class":47},[37,127308,68],{"class":55},[37,127310,127311],{"class":59},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[37,127313,3484],{"class":55},[37,127315,127316,127318,127320,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331,127334,127336],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127317,92],{"class":91},[37,127319,95],{"class":51},[37,127321,127322],{"class":102},"url",[37,127324,292],{"class":51},[37,127326,126547],{"class":102},[37,127328,95],{"class":51},[37,127330,56],{"class":55},[37,127332,127333],{"class":59},"\u002F",[37,127335,56],{"class":55},[37,127337,106],{"class":51},[20,127339,112],{},[28,127341,127342],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127343,127344],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127345,127346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127347,4103],{"class":3977},[307,127349,127351],{"id":127350},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[28,127353,127355],{"className":30,"code":127354,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127356,127357,127370],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127358,127359,127361,127363,127365,127368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127360,90094],{"class":43},[37,127362,48],{"class":47},[37,127364,68],{"class":55},[37,127366,127367],{"class":59},"Hello!",[37,127369,3484],{"class":55},[37,127371,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386,127388,127390],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127373,92],{"class":91},[37,127375,95],{"class":51},[37,127377,90111],{"class":102},[37,127379,292],{"class":51},[37,127381,126547],{"class":102},[37,127383,95],{"class":51},[37,127385,56],{"class":55},[37,127387,89935],{"class":59},[37,127389,56],{"class":55},[37,127391,106],{"class":51},[20,127393,112],{},[28,127395,127396],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127397,127398],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127399,127400],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127401,4103],{"class":3977},[307,127403,127405],{"id":127404},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[28,127407,127409],{"className":30,"code":127408,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127410,127411,127424],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127412,127413,127415,127417,127419,127422],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127414,126524],{"class":43},[37,127416,48],{"class":47},[37,127418,68],{"class":55},[37,127420,127421],{"class":59},"photo.jpg",[37,127423,3484],{"class":55},[37,127425,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127427,92],{"class":91},[37,127429,95],{"class":51},[37,127431,126542],{"class":102},[37,127433,292],{"class":51},[37,127435,126547],{"class":102},[37,127437,5632],{"class":51},[37,127439,56],{"class":55},[37,127441,126932],{"class":59},[37,127443,56],{"class":55},[37,127445,65],{"class":51},[37,127447,68],{"class":55},[37,127449,126879],{"class":59},[37,127451,56],{"class":55},[37,127453,65],{"class":51},[37,127455,68],{"class":55},[37,127457,126949],{"class":59},[37,127459,56],{"class":55},[37,127461,3041],{"class":51},[20,127463,112],{},[28,127465,127466],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127467,127468],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127469,127470],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127471,4103],{"class":3977},[20,127473,127474,127475,292],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[285,127476,127477],{"href":123696},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[130,127479,124088],{"id":124087},[20,127481,127482,123899],{},[15,127483,126499],{},[20,127485,127486,127487,851,127490,127493],{},"That means ",[15,127488,127489],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127491,127492],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[28,127495,127497],{"className":30,"code":127496,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127498,127499,127512,127516,127538],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127500,127501,127503,127505,127507,127510],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127502,126524],{"class":43},[37,127504,48],{"class":47},[37,127506,68],{"class":55},[37,127508,127509],{"class":59},"REPORT.CSV",[37,127511,3484],{"class":55},[37,127513,127514],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127515,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,127517,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,127519,92],{"class":91},[37,127521,95],{"class":51},[37,127523,126542],{"class":102},[37,127525,292],{"class":51},[37,127527,126547],{"class":102},[37,127529,95],{"class":51},[37,127531,56],{"class":55},[37,127533,126554],{"class":59},[37,127535,56],{"class":55},[37,127537,106],{"class":51},[37,127539,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127557,127559],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,127541,92],{"class":91},[37,127543,95],{"class":51},[37,127545,126542],{"class":102},[37,127547,292],{"class":51},[37,127549,126547],{"class":102},[37,127551,95],{"class":51},[37,127553,56],{"class":55},[37,127555,127556],{"class":59},".CSV",[37,127558,56],{"class":55},[37,127560,106],{"class":51},[20,127562,112],{},[28,127564,127566],{"className":30,"code":127565,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127567,127568,127572],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127569,127570],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127571,4164],{"class":3977},[37,127573,127574],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127575,4103],{"class":3977},[20,127577,127578,127579,292],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[285,127580,127581],{"href":124168},[15,127582,124171],{},[28,127584,127586],{"className":30,"code":127585,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127587,127588,127600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127589,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127591,126524],{"class":43},[37,127593,48],{"class":47},[37,127595,68],{"class":55},[37,127597,127509],{"class":59},[37,127599,3484],{"class":55},[37,127601,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127603,92],{"class":91},[37,127605,95],{"class":51},[37,127607,126542],{"class":102},[37,127609,292],{"class":51},[37,127611,8758],{"class":102},[37,127613,8755],{"class":51},[37,127615,126547],{"class":102},[37,127617,95],{"class":51},[37,127619,56],{"class":55},[37,127621,126554],{"class":59},[37,127623,56],{"class":55},[37,127625,106],{"class":51},[20,127627,112],{},[28,127629,127630],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127631,127632],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127633,127634],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127635,4103],{"class":3977},[130,127637,127639],{"id":127638},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127641,127642],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[28,127644,127646],{"className":30,"code":127645,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127647,127648,127661],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127649,127650,127652,127654,127656,127659],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127651,126524],{"class":43},[37,127653,48],{"class":47},[37,127655,68],{"class":55},[37,127657,127658],{"class":59},"picture.gif",[37,127660,3484],{"class":55},[37,127662,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127664,92],{"class":91},[37,127666,95],{"class":51},[37,127668,126542],{"class":102},[37,127670,292],{"class":51},[37,127672,126547],{"class":102},[37,127674,5632],{"class":51},[37,127676,56],{"class":55},[37,127678,126932],{"class":59},[37,127680,56],{"class":55},[37,127682,65],{"class":51},[37,127684,68],{"class":55},[37,127686,126879],{"class":59},[37,127688,56],{"class":55},[37,127690,65],{"class":51},[37,127692,68],{"class":55},[37,127694,126949],{"class":59},[37,127696,56],{"class":55},[37,127698,3041],{"class":51},[20,127700,112],{},[28,127702,127703],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127704,127705],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127706,127707],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127708,4103],{"class":3977},[20,127710,127711],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127713,52171],{},[28,127715,127717],{"className":30,"code":127716,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127718,127719,127732,127767,127771],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127720,127721,127724,127726,127728,127730],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127722,127723],{"class":43},"document ",[37,127725,48],{"class":47},[37,127727,68],{"class":55},[37,127729,86982],{"class":59},[37,127731,3484],{"class":55},[37,127733,127734,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127754,127756,127758,127760,127763,127765],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127735,127736],{"class":43},"allowed ",[37,127738,48],{"class":47},[37,127740,52],{"class":51},[37,127742,56],{"class":55},[37,127744,126577],{"class":59},[37,127746,56],{"class":55},[37,127748,65],{"class":51},[37,127750,68],{"class":55},[37,127752,127753],{"class":59},".md",[37,127755,56],{"class":55},[37,127757,65],{"class":51},[37,127759,68],{"class":55},[37,127761,127762],{"class":59},".docx",[37,127764,56],{"class":55},[37,127766,85],{"class":51},[37,127768,127769],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,127770,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,127772,127773,127775,127777,127780,127782,127784,127786,127789],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,127774,92],{"class":91},[37,127776,95],{"class":51},[37,127778,127779],{"class":102},"document",[37,127781,292],{"class":51},[37,127783,126547],{"class":102},[37,127785,95],{"class":51},[37,127787,127788],{"class":102},"allowed",[37,127790,106],{"class":51},[20,127792,112],{},[28,127794,127795],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127796,127797],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127798,127799],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127800,4103],{"class":3977},[20,127802,127803,127804,292],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[285,127805,126441,127807,10856],{"href":127806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127808,127809],{},"startswith()",[130,127811,1854],{"id":1853},[20,127813,8565,127814,292],{},[15,127815,126499],{},[307,127817,127819],{"id":127818},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127821,4645],{},[28,127823,127825],{"className":30,"code":127824,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127826,127827,127839],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127828,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127830,126524],{"class":43},[37,127832,48],{"class":47},[37,127834,68],{"class":55},[37,127836,127421],{"class":59},[37,127838,3484],{"class":55},[37,127840,127841],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127842,127843],{"class":3788},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127845,127846],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[28,127848,127850],{"className":30,"code":127849,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127851,127852,127864],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127853,127854,127856,127858,127860,127862],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127855,126524],{"class":43},[37,127857,48],{"class":47},[37,127859,68],{"class":55},[37,127861,127421],{"class":59},[37,127863,3484],{"class":55},[37,127865,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127867,92],{"class":91},[37,127869,95],{"class":51},[37,127871,126542],{"class":102},[37,127873,292],{"class":51},[37,127875,126547],{"class":102},[37,127877,5632],{"class":51},[37,127879,56],{"class":55},[37,127881,126932],{"class":59},[37,127883,56],{"class":55},[37,127885,65],{"class":51},[37,127887,68],{"class":55},[37,127889,126879],{"class":59},[37,127891,56],{"class":55},[37,127893,3041],{"class":51},[307,127895,127897],{"id":127896},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[28,127899,127901],{"className":30,"code":127900,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127902,127903,127915],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127904,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127906,126524],{"class":43},[37,127908,48],{"class":47},[37,127910,68],{"class":55},[37,127912,127509],{"class":59},[37,127914,3484],{"class":55},[37,127916,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127918,92],{"class":91},[37,127920,95],{"class":51},[37,127922,126542],{"class":102},[37,127924,292],{"class":51},[37,127926,126547],{"class":102},[37,127928,95],{"class":51},[37,127930,56],{"class":55},[37,127932,126554],{"class":59},[37,127934,56],{"class":55},[37,127936,106],{"class":51},[20,127938,112],{},[28,127940,127941],{"className":30,"code":4164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127942,127943],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127944,127945],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127946,4164],{"class":3977},[20,127948,39363],{},[28,127950,127951],{"className":30,"code":127585,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,127952,127953,127965],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,127954,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,127956,126524],{"class":43},[37,127958,48],{"class":47},[37,127960,68],{"class":55},[37,127962,127509],{"class":59},[37,127964,3484],{"class":55},[37,127966,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985,127987,127989],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,127968,92],{"class":91},[37,127970,95],{"class":51},[37,127972,126542],{"class":102},[37,127974,292],{"class":51},[37,127976,8758],{"class":102},[37,127978,8755],{"class":51},[37,127980,126547],{"class":102},[37,127982,95],{"class":51},[37,127984,56],{"class":55},[37,127986,126554],{"class":59},[37,127988,56],{"class":55},[37,127990,106],{"class":51},[307,127992,37306,127994,8823,127996],{"id":127993},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127995,126499],{},[15,127997,1773],{},[20,127999,128000,128002],{},[15,128001,126499],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[28,128004,128006],{"className":30,"code":128005,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128007,128008,128021,128025,128047],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128009,128010,128012,128014,128016,128019],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128011,34795],{"class":43},[37,128013,48],{"class":47},[37,128015,68],{"class":55},[37,128017,128018],{"class":59},"my_report.csv.backup",[37,128020,3484],{"class":55},[37,128022,128023],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128024,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,128026,128027,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128028,92],{"class":91},[37,128030,95],{"class":51},[37,128032,34816],{"class":102},[37,128034,292],{"class":51},[37,128036,126547],{"class":102},[37,128038,95],{"class":51},[37,128040,56],{"class":55},[37,128042,126554],{"class":59},[37,128044,56],{"class":55},[37,128046,106],{"class":51},[37,128048,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,128050,92],{"class":91},[37,128052,95],{"class":51},[37,128054,56],{"class":55},[37,128056,126554],{"class":59},[37,128058,56],{"class":55},[37,128060,21280],{"class":1483},[37,128062,42940],{"class":102},[37,128064,85],{"class":51},[20,128066,112],{},[28,128068,128069],{"className":30,"code":127565,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,128070,128071,128075],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128072,128073],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128074,4164],{"class":3977},[37,128076,128077],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128078,4103],{"class":3977},[307,128080,1880,128082,128084],{"id":128081},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128083,126499],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128086,128087,128089],{},[15,128088,126499],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[28,128091,128093],{"className":30,"code":128092,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128094,128095,128107,128129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128096,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128098,126524],{"class":43},[37,128100,48],{"class":47},[37,128102,68],{"class":55},[37,128104,126531],{"class":59},[37,128106,3484],{"class":55},[37,128108,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128110,92],{"class":91},[37,128112,95],{"class":51},[37,128114,126542],{"class":102},[37,128116,292],{"class":51},[37,128118,126547],{"class":102},[37,128120,95],{"class":51},[37,128122,56],{"class":55},[37,128124,126554],{"class":59},[37,128126,56],{"class":55},[37,128128,106],{"class":51},[37,128130,128131,128133,128135,128137],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128132,92],{"class":91},[37,128134,95],{"class":51},[37,128136,126542],{"class":102},[37,128138,85],{"class":51},[20,128140,112],{},[28,128142,128144],{"className":30,"code":128143,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128145,128146,128150],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128147,128148],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128149,4103],{"class":3977},[37,128151,128152,128155,128157],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128153,128154],{"class":43},"report",[37,128156,292],{"class":51},[37,128158,128159],{"class":24857},"csv\n",[20,128161,128162,128163,292],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[285,128164,128165],{"href":124609},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128167,66154],{},[135,128169,128170,128173,128176,128179],{},[138,128171,128172],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[138,128174,128175],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[138,128177,128178],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[138,128180,1872,128181,44727,128183,3006,128185,111639],{},[15,128182,126499],{},[15,128184,124612],{},[15,128186,41753],{},[20,128188,30243],{},[28,128190,128192],{"className":30,"code":128191,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128193,128194,128204,128218,128240,128266],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128195,128196,128198,128200,128202],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128197,92],{"class":91},[37,128199,95],{"class":51},[37,128201,34816],{"class":102},[37,128203,85],{"class":51},[37,128205,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128207,92],{"class":91},[37,128209,95],{"class":51},[37,128211,41879],{"class":91},[37,128213,95],{"class":51},[37,128215,34816],{"class":102},[37,128217,106],{"class":51},[37,128219,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128221,92],{"class":91},[37,128223,95],{"class":51},[37,128225,34816],{"class":102},[37,128227,292],{"class":51},[37,128229,126547],{"class":102},[37,128231,95],{"class":51},[37,128233,821],{"class":55},[37,128235,126554],{"class":59},[37,128237,821],{"class":55},[37,128239,106],{"class":51},[37,128241,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,128243,92],{"class":91},[37,128245,95],{"class":51},[37,128247,34816],{"class":102},[37,128249,292],{"class":51},[37,128251,8758],{"class":102},[37,128253,8755],{"class":51},[37,128255,126547],{"class":102},[37,128257,95],{"class":51},[37,128259,821],{"class":55},[37,128261,126554],{"class":59},[37,128263,821],{"class":55},[37,128265,106],{"class":51},[37,128267,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,128269,92],{"class":91},[37,128271,95],{"class":51},[37,128273,757],{"class":756},[37,128275,95],{"class":51},[37,128277,34816],{"class":102},[37,128279,106],{"class":51},[130,128281,1969],{"id":1968},[307,128283,1983,128285,128287],{"id":128284},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128286,126499],{}," change the string?",[20,128289,128290,128291,3006,128293,292],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128292,3729],{},[15,128294,3799],{},[307,128296,5290,128298,128300],{"id":128297},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128299,126499],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128302,128303,128304,292],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128305,128306],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[307,128308,15013,128310,124777],{"id":128309},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128311,126499],{},[20,128313,128314,128315,3006,128317,128320],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128316,124171],{},[15,128318,128319],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[307,128322,5300,128324,851,128326,2623],{"id":128323},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128325,126499],{},[15,128327,124436],{},[20,128329,128330,128332,128333,128335],{},[15,128331,126499],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128334,124436],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[130,128337,2025],{"id":2024},[135,128339,128340,128346,128352,128356,128360],{},[138,128341,128342],{},[285,128343,126441,128344,10856],{"href":127806},[15,128345,127809],{},[138,128347,128348],{},[285,128349,126441,128350,10856],{"href":124168},[15,128351,124171],{},[138,128353,128354],{},[285,128355,124840],{"href":123696},[138,128357,128358],{},[285,128359,124847],{"href":124609},[138,128361,128362],{},[285,128363,125196],{"href":51068},[2052,128365,128366],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":128368},[128369,128370,128372,128373,128378,128379,128385,128386,128387,128395,128405],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":126607,"depth":88,"text":128371},"What endswith() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":126822,"depth":88,"text":126823,"children":128374},[128375,128376,128377],{"id":126736,"depth":251,"text":126736},{"id":36182,"depth":251,"text":36182},{"id":52752,"depth":251,"text":52752},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":127235,"depth":88,"text":127236,"children":128380},[128381,128382,128383,128384],{"id":127239,"depth":251,"text":127240},{"id":127293,"depth":251,"text":127294},{"id":127350,"depth":251,"text":127351},{"id":127404,"depth":251,"text":127405},{"id":124087,"depth":88,"text":124088},{"id":127638,"depth":88,"text":127639},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":128388},[128389,128390,128391,128393],{"id":127818,"depth":251,"text":127819},{"id":127896,"depth":251,"text":127897},{"id":127993,"depth":251,"text":128392},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128081,"depth":251,"text":128394},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":128396},[128397,128399,128401,128403],{"id":128284,"depth":251,"text":128398},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128297,"depth":251,"text":128400},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128309,"depth":251,"text":128402},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128323,"depth":251,"text":128404},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126491,"description":128406},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128413,"title":128414,"body":128415,"description":130083,"extension":2099,"meta":130084,"navigation":254,"path":130085,"seo":130086,"stem":130087,"__hash__":130088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128416,"toc":130056},[128417,128422,128427,128432,128437,128530,128540,128545,128550,128565,128567,128649,128657,128659,128661,128688,128690,128706,128713,128715,128823,128825,128830,128846,128848,128943,128951,128954,128960,128965,128970,128977,129116,129119,129132,129134,129138,129145,129215,129218,129267,129274,129281,129295,129300,129305,129351,129397,129413,129415,129420,129434,129437,129559,129564,129566,129571,129604,129607,129683,129685,129694,129708,129711,129795,129798,129909,129912,129940,129942,129949,129953,129959,129962,129968,129971,129978,129989,129995,130002,130004,130053],[10,128418,123442,128420,11437],{"id":128419},"python-string-find-method",[15,128421,124436],{},[20,128423,123447,128424,128426],{},[15,128425,124436],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128428,128429,128430,292],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128431,65945],{},[20,128433,22,128434,128436],{},[15,128435,124436],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[28,128438,128440],{"className":30,"code":128439,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128441,128442,128454,128477,128490,128494,128517],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128443,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128445,34795],{"class":43},[37,128447,48],{"class":47},[37,128449,68],{"class":55},[37,128451,60497],{"class":59},[37,128453,3484],{"class":55},[37,128455,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128457,65010],{"class":43},[37,128459,48],{"class":47},[37,128461,42940],{"class":43},[37,128463,292],{"class":51},[37,128465,128466],{"class":102},"find",[37,128468,95],{"class":51},[37,128470,56],{"class":55},[37,128472,60682],{"class":59},[37,128474,56],{"class":55},[37,128476,85],{"class":51},[37,128478,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128480,92],{"class":91},[37,128482,95],{"class":51},[37,128484,65037],{"class":102},[37,128486,18],{"class":51},[37,128488,128489],{"class":3788},"   # 6\n",[37,128491,128492],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,128493,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,128495,128496,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,128497,128498],{"class":43},"missing ",[37,128500,48],{"class":47},[37,128502,42940],{"class":43},[37,128504,292],{"class":51},[37,128506,128466],{"class":102},[37,128508,95],{"class":51},[37,128510,56],{"class":55},[37,128512,32],{"class":59},[37,128514,56],{"class":55},[37,128516,85],{"class":51},[37,128518,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,128520,92],{"class":91},[37,128522,95],{"class":51},[37,128524,26879],{"class":102},[37,128526,18],{"class":51},[37,128528,128529],{"class":3788},"    # -1\n",[43679,128531,128532],{},[20,128533,22,128534,128536,128537,128539],{},[15,128535,124436],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128538,65945],{}," if the substring is not found.",[130,128541,296,128543,3805],{"id":128542},"what-find-does",[15,128544,124436],{},[20,128546,128547,128549],{},[15,128548,124436],{}," is a string method that:",[135,128551,128552,128555,128558,128563],{},[138,128553,128554],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[138,128556,128557],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[138,128559,11539,128560,128562],{},[15,128561,65945],{}," if no match is found",[138,128564,126627],{},[20,128566,197],{},[28,128568,128570],{"className":30,"code":128569,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128571,128572,128584,128588,128612,128636],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128573,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128575,34795],{"class":43},[37,128577,48],{"class":47},[37,128579,68],{"class":55},[37,128581,338],{"class":59},[37,128583,3484],{"class":55},[37,128585,128586],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128587,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,128589,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608,128610],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128591,92],{"class":91},[37,128593,95],{"class":51},[37,128595,34816],{"class":102},[37,128597,292],{"class":51},[37,128599,128466],{"class":102},[37,128601,95],{"class":51},[37,128603,56],{"class":55},[37,128605,123534],{"class":59},[37,128607,56],{"class":55},[37,128609,5482],{"class":51},[37,128611,57737],{"class":3788},[37,128613,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,128615,92],{"class":91},[37,128617,95],{"class":51},[37,128619,34816],{"class":102},[37,128621,292],{"class":51},[37,128623,128466],{"class":102},[37,128625,95],{"class":51},[37,128627,56],{"class":55},[37,128629,900],{"class":59},[37,128631,56],{"class":55},[37,128633,5482],{"class":51},[37,128635,128529],{"class":3788},[37,128637,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,128639,92],{"class":91},[37,128641,95],{"class":51},[37,128643,34816],{"class":102},[37,128645,18],{"class":51},[37,128647,128648],{"class":3788},"              # banana\n",[20,128650,1088,128651,128654,128655,292],{},[15,128652,128653],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128656,508],{},[130,128658,159],{"id":158},[20,128660,2293],{},[28,128662,128664],{"className":30,"code":128663,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128665,128666],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128667,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128669,61265],{"class":43},[37,128671,292],{"class":51},[37,128673,128466],{"class":102},[37,128675,95],{"class":51},[37,128677,1215],{"class":102},[37,128679,65],{"class":51},[37,128681,36161],{"class":102},[37,128683,65],{"class":51},[37,128685,65131],{"class":102},[37,128687,85],{"class":51},[307,128689,17504],{"id":17503},[135,128691,128692,128696,128701],{},[138,128693,128694,123633],{},[15,128695,1215],{},[138,128697,128698,128700],{},[15,128699,36182],{},": optional starting position",[138,128702,128703,128705],{},[15,128704,52752],{},": optional ending position",[20,128707,128708,851,128710,128712],{},[15,128709,36182],{},[15,128711,52752],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128714,126770],{},[28,128716,128718],{"className":30,"code":128717,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128719,128720,128732,128736,128761,128790],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128721,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128723,34795],{"class":43},[37,128725,48],{"class":47},[37,128727,68],{"class":55},[37,128729,60497],{"class":59},[37,128731,3484],{"class":55},[37,128733,128734],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128735,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,128737,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128739,92],{"class":91},[37,128741,95],{"class":51},[37,128743,34816],{"class":102},[37,128745,292],{"class":51},[37,128747,128466],{"class":102},[37,128749,95],{"class":51},[37,128751,56],{"class":55},[37,128753,60564],{"class":59},[37,128755,56],{"class":55},[37,128757,5482],{"class":51},[37,128759,128760],{"class":3788},"        # 4\n",[37,128762,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,128764,92],{"class":91},[37,128766,95],{"class":51},[37,128768,34816],{"class":102},[37,128770,292],{"class":51},[37,128772,128466],{"class":102},[37,128774,95],{"class":51},[37,128776,56],{"class":55},[37,128778,60564],{"class":59},[37,128780,56],{"class":55},[37,128782,65],{"class":51},[37,128784,527],{"class":122},[37,128786,5482],{"class":51},[37,128788,128789],{"class":3788},"     # 7\n",[37,128791,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,128793,92],{"class":91},[37,128795,95],{"class":51},[37,128797,34816],{"class":102},[37,128799,292],{"class":51},[37,128801,128466],{"class":102},[37,128803,95],{"class":51},[37,128805,56],{"class":55},[37,128807,60564],{"class":59},[37,128809,56],{"class":55},[37,128811,65],{"class":51},[37,128813,527],{"class":122},[37,128815,65],{"class":51},[37,128817,1564],{"class":122},[37,128819,5482],{"class":51},[37,128821,128822],{"class":3788},"  # -1\n",[130,128824,38122],{"id":38121},[20,128826,57636,128827,128829],{},[15,128828,124436],{}," is always an integer.",[135,128831,128832,128838,128841],{},[138,128833,128834,128835,128837],{},"A number ",[15,128836,1070],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[138,128839,128840],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[138,128842,128843,128845],{},[15,128844,65945],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128847,197],{},[28,128849,128851],{"className":30,"code":128850,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128852,128853,128865,128869,128894,128919],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128854,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128856,34795],{"class":43},[37,128858,48],{"class":47},[37,128860,68],{"class":55},[37,128862,32],{"class":59},[37,128864,3484],{"class":55},[37,128866,128867],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128868,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,128870,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128888,128890,128892],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,128872,92],{"class":91},[37,128874,95],{"class":51},[37,128876,34816],{"class":102},[37,128878,292],{"class":51},[37,128880,128466],{"class":102},[37,128882,95],{"class":51},[37,128884,56],{"class":55},[37,128886,128887],{"class":59},"py",[37,128889,56],{"class":55},[37,128891,5482],{"class":51},[37,128893,20875],{"class":3788},[37,128895,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128913,128915,128917],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,128897,92],{"class":91},[37,128899,95],{"class":51},[37,128901,34816],{"class":102},[37,128903,292],{"class":51},[37,128905,128466],{"class":102},[37,128907,95],{"class":51},[37,128909,56],{"class":55},[37,128911,128912],{"class":59},"th",[37,128914,56],{"class":55},[37,128916,5482],{"class":51},[37,128918,57737],{"class":3788},[37,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,128922,92],{"class":91},[37,128924,95],{"class":51},[37,128926,34816],{"class":102},[37,128928,292],{"class":51},[37,128930,128466],{"class":102},[37,128932,95],{"class":51},[37,128934,56],{"class":55},[37,128936,22184],{"class":59},[37,128938,56],{"class":55},[37,128940,5482],{"class":51},[37,128942,128529],{"class":3788},[20,128944,89997,128945,8573,128947,3006,128949,292],{},[15,128946,124436],{},[15,128948,3729],{},[15,128950,3799],{},[20,128952,128953],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[130,128955,1872,128956,851,128958],{"id":65497},[15,128957,36182],{},[15,128959,52752],{},[20,128961,22,128962,128964],{},[15,128963,36182],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128966,22,128967,128969],{},[15,128968,52752],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128971,1531,128972,75549,128974,128976],{},[15,128973,52752],{},[110,128975,65160],{}," in the search.",[28,128978,128980],{"className":30,"code":128979,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128981,128982,128995,128999,129023,129052,129084],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,128983,128984,128986,128988,128990,128993],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,128985,34795],{"class":43},[37,128987,48],{"class":47},[37,128989,68],{"class":55},[37,128991,128992],{"class":59},"one two three two",[37,128994,3484],{"class":55},[37,128996,128997],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,128998,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129000,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129002,92],{"class":91},[37,129004,95],{"class":51},[37,129006,34816],{"class":102},[37,129008,292],{"class":51},[37,129010,128466],{"class":102},[37,129012,95],{"class":51},[37,129014,56],{"class":55},[37,129016,79358],{"class":59},[37,129018,56],{"class":55},[37,129020,5482],{"class":51},[37,129022,128760],{"class":3788},[37,129024,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,129026,92],{"class":91},[37,129028,95],{"class":51},[37,129030,34816],{"class":102},[37,129032,292],{"class":51},[37,129034,128466],{"class":102},[37,129036,95],{"class":51},[37,129038,56],{"class":55},[37,129040,79358],{"class":59},[37,129042,56],{"class":55},[37,129044,65],{"class":51},[37,129046,527],{"class":122},[37,129048,5482],{"class":51},[37,129050,129051],{"class":3788},"     # 14\n",[37,129053,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,129055,92],{"class":91},[37,129057,95],{"class":51},[37,129059,34816],{"class":102},[37,129061,292],{"class":51},[37,129063,128466],{"class":102},[37,129065,95],{"class":51},[37,129067,56],{"class":55},[37,129069,79358],{"class":59},[37,129071,56],{"class":55},[37,129073,65],{"class":51},[37,129075,1498],{"class":122},[37,129077,65],{"class":51},[37,129079,1564],{"class":122},[37,129081,5482],{"class":51},[37,129083,51028],{"class":3788},[37,129085,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,129087,92],{"class":91},[37,129089,95],{"class":51},[37,129091,34816],{"class":102},[37,129093,292],{"class":51},[37,129095,128466],{"class":102},[37,129097,95],{"class":51},[37,129099,56],{"class":55},[37,129101,79358],{"class":59},[37,129103,56],{"class":55},[37,129105,65],{"class":51},[37,129107,1498],{"class":122},[37,129109,65],{"class":51},[37,129111,1134],{"class":122},[37,129113,5482],{"class":51},[37,129115,128822],{"class":3788},[20,129117,129118],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129120,129121,129122,55160,129126,292],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[285,129123,129125],{"href":129124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[285,129127,129129,129131],{"href":129128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129130,60622],{}," string method",[130,129133,124088],{"id":124087},[20,129135,129136,123899],{},[15,129137,124436],{},[20,129139,127486,129140,851,129142,129144],{},[15,129141,90505],{},[15,129143,64625],{}," are treated as different text.",[28,129146,129148],{"className":30,"code":129147,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129149,129150,129163,129167,129191],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129151,129152,129154,129156,129158,129161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129153,34795],{"class":43},[37,129155,48],{"class":47},[37,129157,68],{"class":55},[37,129159,129160],{"class":59},"Hello World",[37,129162,3484],{"class":55},[37,129164,129165],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129166,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129168,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129170,92],{"class":91},[37,129172,95],{"class":51},[37,129174,34816],{"class":102},[37,129176,292],{"class":51},[37,129178,128466],{"class":102},[37,129180,95],{"class":51},[37,129182,56],{"class":55},[37,129184,34975],{"class":59},[37,129186,56],{"class":55},[37,129188,5482],{"class":51},[37,129190,51340],{"class":3788},[37,129192,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209,129211,129213],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,129194,92],{"class":91},[37,129196,95],{"class":51},[37,129198,34816],{"class":102},[37,129200,292],{"class":51},[37,129202,128466],{"class":102},[37,129204,95],{"class":51},[37,129206,56],{"class":55},[37,129208,3970],{"class":59},[37,129210,56],{"class":55},[37,129212,5482],{"class":51},[37,129214,128822],{"class":3788},[20,129216,129217],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[28,129219,129221],{"className":30,"code":129220,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129222,129223,129235,129239],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129224,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129226,34795],{"class":43},[37,129228,48],{"class":47},[37,129230,68],{"class":55},[37,129232,129160],{"class":59},[37,129234,3484],{"class":55},[37,129236,129237],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129238,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129240,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129242,92],{"class":91},[37,129244,95],{"class":51},[37,129246,34816],{"class":102},[37,129248,292],{"class":51},[37,129250,8758],{"class":102},[37,129252,8755],{"class":51},[37,129254,128466],{"class":102},[37,129256,95],{"class":51},[37,129258,56],{"class":55},[37,129260,3970],{"class":59},[37,129262,56],{"class":55},[37,129264,5482],{"class":51},[37,129266,51340],{"class":3788},[130,129268,129270,10700,129272],{"id":129269},"find-vs-index",[15,129271,124436],{},[15,129273,59060],{},[20,129275,129276,851,129278,129280],{},[15,129277,124436],{},[15,129279,59060],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[135,129282,129283,129289],{},[138,129284,129285,2530,129287],{},[15,129286,124436],{},[15,129288,65945],{},[138,129290,129291,52586,129293],{},[15,129292,59060],{},[15,129294,40805],{},[20,129296,22,129297,129299],{},[15,129298,124436],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129301,22,129302,129304],{},[15,129303,59060],{}," when the value must exist.",[28,129306,129308],{"className":30,"code":129307,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129309,129310,129322,129326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129311,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129313,34795],{"class":43},[37,129315,48],{"class":47},[37,129317,68],{"class":55},[37,129319,3970],{"class":59},[37,129321,3484],{"class":55},[37,129323,129324],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129325,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129327,129328,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129329,92],{"class":91},[37,129331,95],{"class":51},[37,129333,34816],{"class":102},[37,129335,292],{"class":51},[37,129337,128466],{"class":102},[37,129339,95],{"class":51},[37,129341,56],{"class":55},[37,129343,900],{"class":59},[37,129345,56],{"class":55},[37,129347,5482],{"class":51},[37,129349,129350],{"class":3788},"   # -1\n",[28,129352,129354],{"className":30,"code":129353,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129355,129356,129368,129372],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129357,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129359,34795],{"class":43},[37,129361,48],{"class":47},[37,129363,68],{"class":55},[37,129365,3970],{"class":59},[37,129367,3484],{"class":55},[37,129369,129370],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129371,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129373,129374,129376,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129375,92],{"class":91},[37,129377,95],{"class":51},[37,129379,34816],{"class":102},[37,129381,292],{"class":51},[37,129383,35955],{"class":102},[37,129385,95],{"class":51},[37,129387,56],{"class":55},[37,129389,900],{"class":59},[37,129391,56],{"class":55},[37,129393,5482],{"class":51},[37,129395,129396],{"class":3788},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129398,129399,129400,129404,129405,129407,129408,292],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[285,129401,129402,129131],{"href":124461},[15,129403,59060],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129406,59060],{},", read ",[285,129409,25787,129410],{"href":73569},[15,129411,129412],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[130,129414,41147],{"id":41146},[20,129416,35514,129417,129419],{},[15,129418,124436],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[135,129421,129422,129425,129428,129431],{},[138,129423,129424],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[138,129426,129427],{},"Get the position of a word",[138,129429,129430],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[138,129432,129433],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129435,129436],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[28,129438,129440],{"className":30,"code":129439,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129441,129442,129455,129478,129482,129497,129513,129532,129546],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129443,129444,129446,129448,129450,129453],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129445,34795],{"class":43},[37,129447,48],{"class":47},[37,129449,68],{"class":55},[37,129451,129452],{"class":59},"name:Alice",[37,129454,3484],{"class":55},[37,129456,129457,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129458,129459],{"class":43},"colon_pos ",[37,129461,48],{"class":47},[37,129463,42940],{"class":43},[37,129465,292],{"class":51},[37,129467,128466],{"class":102},[37,129469,95],{"class":51},[37,129471,56],{"class":55},[37,129473,3013],{"class":59},[37,129475,56],{"class":55},[37,129477,85],{"class":51},[37,129479,129480],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129481,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129483,129484,129486,129489,129491,129493,129495],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,129485,1484],{"class":1483},[37,129487,129488],{"class":43}," colon_pos ",[37,129490,72679],{"class":47},[37,129492,2354],{"class":47},[37,129494,501],{"class":122},[37,129496,1501],{"class":51},[37,129498,129499,129502,129504,129506,129508,129511],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,129500,129501],{"class":43},"    label ",[37,129503,48],{"class":47},[37,129505,42940],{"class":43},[37,129507,75622],{"class":51},[37,129509,129510],{"class":43},"colon_pos",[37,129512,3760],{"class":51},[37,129514,129515,129517,129519,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,129516,27507],{"class":43},[37,129518,48],{"class":47},[37,129520,42940],{"class":43},[37,129522,1067],{"class":51},[37,129524,129459],{"class":43},[37,129526,2196],{"class":47},[37,129528,5619],{"class":122},[37,129530,129531],{"class":51},":]\n",[37,129533,129534,129536,129538,129541,129543],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,129535,1506],{"class":91},[37,129537,95],{"class":51},[37,129539,129540],{"class":102},"label",[37,129542,18],{"class":51},[37,129544,129545],{"class":3788},"  # name\n",[37,129547,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,129549,1506],{"class":91},[37,129551,95],{"class":51},[37,129553,1215],{"class":102},[37,129555,18],{"class":51},[37,129557,129558],{"class":3788},"  # Alice\n",[20,129560,129561,129562,292],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[285,129563,127477],{"href":123696},[130,129565,1854],{"id":1853},[20,129567,129568,129569,3013],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129570,124436],{},[135,129572,129573,129582,129588,129593,129599],{},[138,129574,1880,129575,8573,129577,3006,129579,129581],{},[15,129576,124436],{},[15,129578,3729],{},[15,129580,3799],{}," instead of an index",[138,129583,129584,129585,129587],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129586,65945],{}," when the substring is missing",[138,129589,1872,129590,129592],{},[15,129591,124436],{}," without handling case differences",[138,129594,37306,129595,8823,129597],{},[15,129596,124436],{},[15,129598,59060],{},[138,129600,4699,129601,129603],{},[15,129602,124436],{}," changes the string",[20,129605,129606],{},"Example of a mistake:",[28,129608,129610],{"className":30,"code":129609,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129611,129612,129624,129628,129648,129663,129669],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129613,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129615,34795],{"class":43},[37,129617,48],{"class":47},[37,129619,68],{"class":55},[37,129621,3970],{"class":59},[37,129623,3484],{"class":55},[37,129625,129626],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129627,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129629,129630,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642,129644,129646],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129631,1484],{"class":1483},[37,129633,42940],{"class":43},[37,129635,292],{"class":51},[37,129637,128466],{"class":102},[37,129639,95],{"class":51},[37,129641,56],{"class":55},[37,129643,60529],{"class":59},[37,129645,56],{"class":55},[37,129647,8460],{"class":51},[37,129649,129650,129652,129654,129656,129659,129661],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,129651,1506],{"class":91},[37,129653,95],{"class":51},[37,129655,56],{"class":55},[37,129657,129658],{"class":59},"Found",[37,129660,56],{"class":55},[37,129662,85],{"class":51},[37,129664,129665,129667],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,129666,27540],{"class":1483},[37,129668,1501],{"class":51},[37,129670,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,129672,1506],{"class":91},[37,129674,95],{"class":51},[37,129676,56],{"class":55},[37,129678,26421],{"class":59},[37,129680,56],{"class":55},[37,129682,85],{"class":51},[20,129684,100003],{},[28,129686,129688],{"className":30,"code":129687,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Not found\n",[15,129689,129690],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129691,129692],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129693,129687],{"class":43},[20,129695,45801,129696,129699,129700,17181,129702,129704,129705,129707],{},[15,129697,129698],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129701,1070],{},[15,129703,1070],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129706,1484],{}," statement.",[20,129709,129710],{},"A safer version is:",[28,129712,129714],{"className":30,"code":129713,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129715,129716,129728,129732,129761,129775,129781],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129717,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129719,34795],{"class":43},[37,129721,48],{"class":47},[37,129723,68],{"class":55},[37,129725,3970],{"class":59},[37,129727,3484],{"class":55},[37,129729,129730],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129731,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,129733,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129755,129757,129759],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129735,1484],{"class":1483},[37,129737,42940],{"class":43},[37,129739,292],{"class":51},[37,129741,128466],{"class":102},[37,129743,95],{"class":51},[37,129745,56],{"class":55},[37,129747,60529],{"class":59},[37,129749,56],{"class":55},[37,129751,18],{"class":51},[37,129753,129754],{"class":47}," !=",[37,129756,2354],{"class":47},[37,129758,501],{"class":122},[37,129760,1501],{"class":51},[37,129762,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,129764,1506],{"class":91},[37,129766,95],{"class":51},[37,129768,56],{"class":55},[37,129770,129658],{"class":59},[37,129772,56],{"class":55},[37,129774,85],{"class":51},[37,129776,129777,129779],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,129778,27540],{"class":1483},[37,129780,1501],{"class":51},[37,129782,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791,129793],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,129784,1506],{"class":91},[37,129786,95],{"class":51},[37,129788,56],{"class":55},[37,129790,26421],{"class":59},[37,129792,56],{"class":55},[37,129794,85],{"class":51},[20,129796,129797],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[28,129799,129801],{"className":30,"code":129800,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129802,129803,129825,129839,129865,129879],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,129804,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,129806,92],{"class":91},[37,129808,95],{"class":51},[37,129810,34816],{"class":102},[37,129812,292],{"class":51},[37,129814,128466],{"class":102},[37,129816,95],{"class":51},[37,129818,821],{"class":55},[37,129820,38492],{"class":59},[37,129822,821],{"class":55},[37,129824,106],{"class":51},[37,129826,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,129828,92],{"class":91},[37,129830,95],{"class":51},[37,129832,41879],{"class":91},[37,129834,95],{"class":51},[37,129836,34816],{"class":102},[37,129838,106],{"class":51},[37,129840,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851,129853,129855,129857,129859,129861,129863],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,129842,92],{"class":91},[37,129844,95],{"class":51},[37,129846,34816],{"class":102},[37,129848,292],{"class":51},[37,129850,8758],{"class":102},[37,129852,8755],{"class":51},[37,129854,128466],{"class":102},[37,129856,95],{"class":51},[37,129858,821],{"class":55},[37,129860,38492],{"class":59},[37,129862,821],{"class":55},[37,129864,106],{"class":51},[37,129866,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875,129877],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,129868,92],{"class":91},[37,129870,95],{"class":51},[37,129872,17],{"class":91},[37,129874,95],{"class":51},[37,129876,34816],{"class":102},[37,129878,106],{"class":51},[37,129880,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903,129905,129907],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,129882,92],{"class":91},[37,129884,95],{"class":51},[37,129886,34816],{"class":102},[37,129888,292],{"class":51},[37,129890,128466],{"class":102},[37,129892,95],{"class":51},[37,129894,821],{"class":55},[37,129896,38492],{"class":59},[37,129898,821],{"class":55},[37,129900,65],{"class":51},[37,129902,36161],{"class":102},[37,129904,65],{"class":51},[37,129906,65131],{"class":102},[37,129908,106],{"class":51},[20,129910,129911],{},"These help you check:",[135,129913,129914,129919,129924,129929,129932],{},[138,129915,129916,129917],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129918,124436],{},[138,129920,129921,129922],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129923,122656],{},[138,129925,129926,129927],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129928,124171],{},[138,129930,129931],{},"The string length",[138,129933,129934,129935,851,129937,129939],{},"Whether your ",[15,129936,36182],{},[15,129938,52752],{}," values are correct",[130,129941,1969],{"id":1968},[307,129943,129945,129946,129948],{"id":129944},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129947,124436],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129950,5268,129951,292],{},[15,129952,65945],{},[307,129954,1983,129956,129958],{"id":129955},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129957,124436],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129960,129961],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[307,129963,129965,129966,124777],{"id":129964},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129967,124436],{},[20,129969,129970],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[307,129972,5300,129974,851,129976,69743],{"id":129973},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129975,124436],{},[15,129977,59060],{},[20,129979,129980,2530,129982,129984,129985,52586,129987,292],{},[15,129981,124436],{},[15,129983,65945],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129986,59060],{},[15,129988,40805],{},[307,129990,28435,129992,129994],{"id":129991},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129993,124436],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129996,129997,129998,851,130000,66244],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129999,36182],{},[15,130001,52752],{},[130,130003,2025],{"id":2024},[135,130005,130006,130012,130018,130025,130031,130038,130042,130047],{},[138,130007,130008],{},[285,130009,126441,130010,10856],{"href":124461},[15,130011,59060],{},[138,130013,130014],{},[285,130015,126441,130016,10856],{"href":129128},[15,130017,60622],{},[138,130019,130020],{},[285,130021,126441,130023,10856],{"href":130022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130024,124612],{},[138,130026,130027],{},[285,130028,126441,130029,10856],{"href":127806},[15,130030,127809],{},[138,130032,130033],{},[285,130034,126441,130036,10856],{"href":130035},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130037,126499],{},[138,130039,130040],{},[285,130041,124840],{"href":123696},[138,130043,130044],{},[285,130045,130046],{"href":129124},"How to split a string in Python",[138,130048,130049],{},[285,130050,26228,130051],{"href":73569},[15,130052,129412],{},[2052,130054,130055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":130057},[130058,130060,130063,130064,130065,130066,130068,130069,130070,130082],{"id":128542,"depth":88,"text":130059},"What find() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":130061},[130062],{"id":17503,"depth":251,"text":17504},{"id":38121,"depth":88,"text":38122},{"id":65497,"depth":88,"text":66280},{"id":124087,"depth":88,"text":124088},{"id":129269,"depth":88,"text":130067},"find() vs index()",{"id":41146,"depth":88,"text":41147},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":130071},[130072,130074,130076,130078,130080],{"id":129944,"depth":251,"text":130073},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129955,"depth":251,"text":130075},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129964,"depth":251,"text":130077},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129973,"depth":251,"text":130079},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129991,"depth":251,"text":130081},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128414,"description":130083},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130090,"title":130091,"body":130092,"description":132018,"extension":2099,"meta":132019,"navigation":254,"path":132020,"seo":132021,"stem":132022,"__hash__":132023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130093,"toc":131986},[130094,130099,130104,130107,130109,130185,130189,130217,130225,130229,130234,130238,130255,130257,130324,130328,130350,130358,130360,130363,130387,130390,130404,130406,130491,130495,130507,130510,130514,130520,130570,130574,130591,130600,130603,130611,130614,130663,130667,130692,130695,130750,130754,130766,130772,130776,130782,130787,130854,130858,130884,130887,130898,130900,130967,130971,130996,131003,131007,131012,131019,131027,131029,131081,131085,131103,131105,131150,131154,131169,131172,131182,131189,131191,131195,131198,131209,131211,131271,131275,131303,131306,131312,131317,131320,131324,131368,131371,131409,131412,131420,131422,131427,131431,131434,131482,131485,131488,131544,131548,131553,131556,131605,131607,131656,131662,131667,131669,131716,131720,131733,131735,131786,131792,131795,131799,131802,131808,131813,131815,131818,131890,131893,131910,131912,131917,131920,131924,131930,131936,131943,131949,131955,131957,131983],[10,130095,123442,130097,11437],{"id":130096},"python-string-format-method",[15,130098,126444],{},[20,130100,123447,130101,130103],{},[15,130102,126444],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130105,130106],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[130,130108,2140],{"id":2139},[28,130110,130112],{"className":30,"code":130111,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130113,130114,130126,130134,130138,130175],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130115,130116,130118,130120,130122,130124],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130117,7996],{"class":43},[37,130119,48],{"class":47},[37,130121,68],{"class":55},[37,130123,11623],{"class":59},[37,130125,3484],{"class":55},[37,130127,130128,130130,130132],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130129,21735],{"class":43},[37,130131,48],{"class":47},[37,130133,88886],{"class":122},[37,130135,130136],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,130137,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,130139,130140,130142,130144,130146,130149,130151,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130165,130167,130169,130171,130173],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,130141,90094],{"class":43},[37,130143,48],{"class":47},[37,130145,68],{"class":55},[37,130147,130148],{"class":59},"My name is ",[37,130150,3918],{"class":122},[37,130152,130153],{"class":59}," and I am ",[37,130155,3918],{"class":122},[37,130157,122438],{"class":59},[37,130159,56],{"class":55},[37,130161,292],{"class":51},[37,130163,130164],{"class":102},"format",[37,130166,95],{"class":51},[37,130168,7790],{"class":102},[37,130170,65],{"class":51},[37,130172,9307],{"class":102},[37,130174,85],{"class":51},[37,130176,130177,130179,130181,130183],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,130178,92],{"class":91},[37,130180,95],{"class":51},[37,130182,90111],{"class":102},[37,130184,85],{"class":51},[20,130186,130187],{},[110,130188,112],{},[28,130190,130192],{"className":30,"code":130191,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130193,130194],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130195,130196,130199,130201,130204,130207,130210,130213,130215],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130197,130198],{"class":43},"My name ",[37,130200,12306],{"class":47},[37,130202,130203],{"class":43}," Maya ",[37,130205,130206],{"class":47},"and",[37,130208,130209],{"class":43}," I am ",[37,130211,130212],{"class":122},"12",[37,130214,122471],{"class":43},[37,130216,122474],{"class":51},[20,130218,22,130219,130221,130222,130224],{},[15,130220,3918],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130223,126444],{}," in the same order.",[20,130226,125193,130227,292],{},[285,130228,125196],{"href":51068},[130,130230,13108,130232,13111],{"id":130231},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130233,126444],{},[20,130235,1531,130236,11528],{},[15,130237,126444],{},[135,130239,130240,130243,130249,130252],{},[138,130241,130242],{},"inserts values into a string",[138,130244,130245,130246,130248],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130247,3918],{}," with given values",[138,130250,130251],{},"returns a new string",[138,130253,130254],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130256,197],{},[28,130258,130260],{"className":30,"code":130259,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130261,130262,130276,130299,130303,130314],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130263,130264,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130265,34795],{"class":43},[37,130267,48],{"class":47},[37,130269,68],{"class":55},[37,130271,44999],{"class":59},[37,130273,3918],{"class":122},[37,130275,3484],{"class":55},[37,130277,130278,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289,130291,130293,130295,130297],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130279,130280],{"class":43},"new_text ",[37,130282,48],{"class":47},[37,130284,42940],{"class":43},[37,130286,292],{"class":51},[37,130288,130164],{"class":102},[37,130290,95],{"class":51},[37,130292,56],{"class":55},[37,130294,7799],{"class":59},[37,130296,56],{"class":55},[37,130298,85],{"class":51},[37,130300,130301],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,130302,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,130304,130305,130307,130309,130312],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,130306,92],{"class":91},[37,130308,95],{"class":51},[37,130310,130311],{"class":102},"new_text",[37,130313,85],{"class":51},[37,130315,130316,130318,130320,130322],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,130317,92],{"class":91},[37,130319,95],{"class":51},[37,130321,34816],{"class":102},[37,130323,85],{"class":51},[20,130325,130326],{},[110,130327,112],{},[28,130329,130331],{"className":30,"code":130330,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130332,130333,130342],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130334,130335,130337,130339],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130336,34975],{"class":43},[37,130338,65],{"class":51},[37,130340,130341],{"class":43}," Sam\n",[37,130343,130344,130346,130348],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130345,34975],{"class":43},[37,130347,65],{"class":51},[37,130349,9953],{"class":51},[20,130351,2419,130352,130354,130355,130357],{},[15,130353,34816],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130356,126444],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[130,130359,159],{"id":158},[20,130361,130362],{},"The general form is:",[28,130364,130366],{"className":30,"code":130365,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130367,130368],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130369,130370,130372,130375,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130371,56],{"class":43427},[37,130373,130374],{"class":43431},"text {}",[37,130376,56],{"class":43427},[37,130378,292],{"class":51},[37,130380,130164],{"class":102},[37,130382,95],{"class":51},[37,130384,1215],{"class":102},[37,130386,85],{"class":51},[20,130388,130389],{},"Key idea:",[135,130391,130392,130398,130401],{},[138,130393,130394,130395,130397],{},"each ",[15,130396,3918],{}," is a placeholder",[138,130399,130400],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[138,130402,130403],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130405,197],{},[28,130407,130409],{"className":30,"code":130408,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130410,130411,130424,130438,130442,130480],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130412,130413,130416,130418,130420,130422],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130414,130415],{"class":43},"animal ",[37,130417,48],{"class":47},[37,130419,68],{"class":55},[37,130421,37149],{"class":59},[37,130423,3484],{"class":55},[37,130425,130426,130429,130431,130433,130436],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130427,130428],{"class":43},"sound ",[37,130430,48],{"class":47},[37,130432,68],{"class":55},[37,130434,130435],{"class":59},"meow",[37,130437,3484],{"class":55},[37,130439,130440],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,130441,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,130443,130444,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130473,130475,130478],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,130445,130446],{"class":43},"sentence ",[37,130448,48],{"class":47},[37,130450,68],{"class":55},[37,130452,1531],{"class":59},[37,130454,3918],{"class":122},[37,130456,130457],{"class":59}," says ",[37,130459,3918],{"class":122},[37,130461,292],{"class":59},[37,130463,56],{"class":55},[37,130465,292],{"class":51},[37,130467,130164],{"class":102},[37,130469,95],{"class":51},[37,130471,130472],{"class":102},"animal",[37,130474,65],{"class":51},[37,130476,130477],{"class":102}," sound",[37,130479,85],{"class":51},[37,130481,130482,130484,130486,130489],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,130483,92],{"class":91},[37,130485,95],{"class":51},[37,130487,130488],{"class":102},"sentence",[37,130490,85],{"class":51},[20,130492,130493],{},[110,130494,112],{},[28,130496,130498],{"className":30,"code":130497,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130499,130500],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130501,130502,130505],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130503,130504],{"class":43},"The cat says meow",[37,130506,122474],{"class":51},[20,130508,130509],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[130,130511,130513],{"id":130512},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130515,130516,130517,130519],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130518,3918],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[28,130521,130523],{"className":30,"code":130522,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130524,130525],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130526,130527,130529,130531,130533,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130557,130559,130561,130563,130566,130568],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130528,92],{"class":91},[37,130530,95],{"class":51},[37,130532,56],{"class":55},[37,130534,130535],{"class":59},"I like ",[37,130537,3918],{"class":122},[37,130539,851],{"class":59},[37,130541,3918],{"class":122},[37,130543,292],{"class":59},[37,130545,56],{"class":55},[37,130547,292],{"class":51},[37,130549,130164],{"class":102},[37,130551,95],{"class":51},[37,130553,56],{"class":55},[37,130555,130556],{"class":59},"pizza",[37,130558,56],{"class":55},[37,130560,65],{"class":51},[37,130562,68],{"class":55},[37,130564,130565],{"class":59},"pasta",[37,130567,56],{"class":55},[37,130569,106],{"class":51},[20,130571,130572],{},[110,130573,112],{},[28,130575,130577],{"className":30,"code":130576,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130578,130579],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130580,130581,130584,130586,130589],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130582,130583],{"class":43},"I like pizza ",[37,130585,130206],{"class":47},[37,130587,130588],{"class":43}," pasta",[37,130590,122474],{"class":51},[20,130592,130593,130594,851,130597,292],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130595,130596],{},"{0}",[15,130598,130599],{},"{1}",[20,130601,130602],{},"This is helpful when:",[135,130604,130605,130608],{},[138,130606,130607],{},"you want to reuse a value",[138,130609,130610],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130612,130613],{},"Example with reused values:",[28,130615,130617],{"className":30,"code":130616,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130618,130619,130653],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130620,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130632,130634,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130622,34795],{"class":43},[37,130624,48],{"class":47},[37,130626,68],{"class":55},[37,130628,130596],{"class":122},[37,130630,130631],{"class":59}," is learning Python. ",[37,130633,130596],{"class":122},[37,130635,130636],{"class":59}," likes coding.",[37,130638,56],{"class":55},[37,130640,292],{"class":51},[37,130642,130164],{"class":102},[37,130644,95],{"class":51},[37,130646,56],{"class":55},[37,130648,19990],{"class":59},[37,130650,56],{"class":55},[37,130652,85],{"class":51},[37,130654,130655,130657,130659,130661],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130656,92],{"class":91},[37,130658,95],{"class":51},[37,130660,34816],{"class":102},[37,130662,85],{"class":51},[20,130664,130665],{},[110,130666,112],{},[28,130668,130670],{"className":30,"code":130669,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130671,130672],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130673,130674,130677,130679,130682,130684,130687,130690],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130675,130676],{"class":43},"Lina ",[37,130678,12306],{"class":47},[37,130680,130681],{"class":43}," learning Python",[37,130683,292],{"class":51},[37,130685,130686],{"class":24857}," Lina",[37,130688,130689],{"class":43}," likes coding",[37,130691,122474],{"class":51},[20,130693,130694],{},"Example with changed order:",[28,130696,130698],{"className":30,"code":130697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130699,130700,130740],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130701,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130703,34795],{"class":43},[37,130705,48],{"class":47},[37,130707,68],{"class":55},[37,130709,130599],{"class":122},[37,130711,83413],{"class":59},[37,130713,130596],{"class":122},[37,130715,292],{"class":59},[37,130717,56],{"class":55},[37,130719,292],{"class":51},[37,130721,130164],{"class":102},[37,130723,95],{"class":51},[37,130725,56],{"class":55},[37,130727,6706],{"class":59},[37,130729,56],{"class":55},[37,130731,65],{"class":51},[37,130733,68],{"class":55},[37,130735,79358],{"class":59},[37,130737,56],{"class":55},[37,130739,85],{"class":51},[37,130741,130742,130744,130746,130748],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130743,92],{"class":91},[37,130745,95],{"class":51},[37,130747,34816],{"class":102},[37,130749,85],{"class":51},[20,130751,130752],{},[110,130753,112],{},[28,130755,130757],{"className":30,"code":130756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130758,130759],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130760,130761,130764],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130762,130763],{"class":43},"two comes after one",[37,130765,122474],{"class":51},[20,130767,130768,130769,130771],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130770,3918],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[130,130773,130775],{"id":130774},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130777,130778,130779,292],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130780,130781],{},"{name}",[20,130783,130784,130785,3013],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130786,126444],{},[28,130788,130790],{"className":30,"code":130789,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130791,130792,130844],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130793,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130807,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130795,34795],{"class":43},[37,130797,48],{"class":47},[37,130799,68],{"class":55},[37,130801,130148],{"class":59},[37,130803,130781],{"class":122},[37,130805,130806],{"class":59}," and I live in ",[37,130808,130809],{"class":122},"{city}",[37,130811,292],{"class":59},[37,130813,56],{"class":55},[37,130815,292],{"class":51},[37,130817,130164],{"class":102},[37,130819,95],{"class":51},[37,130821,7790],{"class":9294},[37,130823,48],{"class":47},[37,130825,56],{"class":55},[37,130827,1646],{"class":59},[37,130829,56],{"class":55},[37,130831,65],{"class":51},[37,130833,31493],{"class":9294},[37,130835,48],{"class":47},[37,130837,56],{"class":55},[37,130839,16140],{"class":59},[37,130841,56],{"class":55},[37,130843,85],{"class":51},[37,130845,130846,130848,130850,130852],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130847,92],{"class":91},[37,130849,95],{"class":51},[37,130851,34816],{"class":102},[37,130853,85],{"class":51},[20,130855,130856],{},[110,130857,112],{},[28,130859,130861],{"className":30,"code":130860,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130862,130863],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130864,130865,130867,130869,130872,130874,130877,130879,130882],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130866,130198],{"class":43},[37,130868,12306],{"class":47},[37,130870,130871],{"class":43}," Ana ",[37,130873,130206],{"class":47},[37,130875,130876],{"class":43}," I live ",[37,130878,1773],{"class":47},[37,130880,130881],{"class":43}," Lima",[37,130883,122474],{"class":51},[20,130885,130886],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[135,130888,130889,130892,130895],{},[138,130890,130891],{},"they make code easier to read",[138,130893,130894],{},"they help when a string has many values",[138,130896,130897],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130899,197],{},[28,130901,130903],{"className":30,"code":130902,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130904,130905,130957],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130906,130907,130910,130912,130914,130917,130920,130923,130926,130928,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130943,130945,130947,130950,130952,130955],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130908,130909],{"class":43},"report ",[37,130911,48],{"class":47},[37,130913,68],{"class":55},[37,130915,130916],{"class":59},"Student: ",[37,130918,130919],{"class":122},"{student}",[37,130921,130922],{"class":59},", Score: ",[37,130924,130925],{"class":122},"{score}",[37,130927,56],{"class":55},[37,130929,292],{"class":51},[37,130931,130164],{"class":102},[37,130933,95],{"class":51},[37,130935,13735],{"class":9294},[37,130937,48],{"class":47},[37,130939,56],{"class":55},[37,130941,130942],{"class":59},"Noah",[37,130944,56],{"class":55},[37,130946,65],{"class":51},[37,130948,130949],{"class":9294}," score",[37,130951,48],{"class":47},[37,130953,130954],{"class":122},"95",[37,130956,85],{"class":51},[37,130958,130959,130961,130963,130965],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,130960,92],{"class":91},[37,130962,95],{"class":51},[37,130964,128154],{"class":102},[37,130966,85],{"class":51},[20,130968,130969],{},[110,130970,112],{},[28,130972,130974],{"className":30,"code":130973,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130975,130976],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,130977,130978,130981,130983,130986,130988,130991,130993],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,130979,130980],{"class":43},"Student",[37,130982,3013],{"class":51},[37,130984,130985],{"class":43}," Noah",[37,130987,65],{"class":51},[37,130989,130990],{"class":43}," Score",[37,130992,3013],{"class":51},[37,130994,130995],{"class":122}," 95\n",[20,130997,130998,130999,292],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[285,131000,288,131001,291],{"href":42275},[15,131002,47778],{},[130,131004,131006],{"id":131005},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131008,131009,131011],{},[15,131010,126444],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131013,131014,131015,131018],{},"A common example is ",[15,131016,131017],{},":.2f",", which means:",[135,131020,131021,131024],{},[138,131022,131023],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[138,131025,131026],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131028,197],{},[28,131030,131032],{"className":30,"code":131031,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131033,131034,131042,131071],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131035,131036,131038,131040],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131037,40488],{"class":43},[37,131039,48],{"class":47},[37,131041,49369],{"class":122},[37,131043,131044,131046,131048,131050,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131045,34795],{"class":43},[37,131047,48],{"class":47},[37,131049,68],{"class":55},[37,131051,131052],{"class":59},"Price: $",[37,131054,9394],{"class":122},[37,131056,131017],{"class":811},[37,131058,22410],{"class":122},[37,131060,56],{"class":55},[37,131062,292],{"class":51},[37,131064,130164],{"class":102},[37,131066,95],{"class":51},[37,131068,25257],{"class":102},[37,131070,85],{"class":51},[37,131072,131073,131075,131077,131079],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,131074,92],{"class":91},[37,131076,95],{"class":51},[37,131078,34816],{"class":102},[37,131080,85],{"class":51},[20,131082,131083],{},[110,131084,112],{},[28,131086,131088],{"className":30,"code":131087,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131089,131090],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131091,131092,131095,131097,131100],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131093,131094],{"class":43},"Price",[37,131096,3013],{"class":51},[37,131098,131099],{"class":37469}," $",[37,131101,131102],{"class":122},"3.50\n",[20,131104,52171],{},[28,131106,131108],{"className":30,"code":131107,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131109,131110,131120],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131111,131112,131115,131117],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131113,131114],{"class":43},"average ",[37,131116,48],{"class":47},[37,131118,131119],{"class":122}," 91.236\n",[37,131121,131122,131124,131126,131128,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131148],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131123,92],{"class":91},[37,131125,95],{"class":51},[37,131127,56],{"class":55},[37,131129,131130],{"class":59},"Average: ",[37,131132,9394],{"class":122},[37,131134,131017],{"class":811},[37,131136,22410],{"class":122},[37,131138,56],{"class":55},[37,131140,292],{"class":51},[37,131142,130164],{"class":102},[37,131144,95],{"class":51},[37,131146,131147],{"class":102},"average",[37,131149,106],{"class":51},[20,131151,131152],{},[110,131153,112],{},[28,131155,131157],{"className":30,"code":131156,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131158,131159],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131160,131161,131164,131166],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131162,131163],{"class":43},"Average",[37,131165,3013],{"class":51},[37,131167,131168],{"class":122}," 91.24\n",[20,131170,131171],{},"This is useful for:",[135,131173,131174,131176,131179],{},[138,131175,83171],{},[138,131177,131178],{},"averages",[138,131180,131181],{},"percentages",[20,131183,131184,131185,292],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[285,131186,288,131187,2436],{"href":46546},[15,131188,46549],{},[130,131190,17528],{"id":17527},[20,131192,131193,92608],{},[15,131194,126444],{},[20,131196,131197],{},"That means you can:",[135,131199,131200,131203,131206],{},[138,131201,131202],{},"save it in a variable",[138,131204,131205],{},"print it directly",[138,131207,131208],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131210,197],{},[28,131212,131214],{"className":30,"code":131213,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131215,131216,131247,131257],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131217,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131243,131245],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131219,90094],{"class":43},[37,131221,48],{"class":47},[37,131223,68],{"class":55},[37,131225,44999],{"class":59},[37,131227,3918],{"class":122},[37,131229,89935],{"class":59},[37,131231,56],{"class":55},[37,131233,292],{"class":51},[37,131235,130164],{"class":102},[37,131237,95],{"class":51},[37,131239,56],{"class":55},[37,131241,131242],{"class":59},"Chris",[37,131244,56],{"class":55},[37,131246,85],{"class":51},[37,131248,131249,131251,131253,131255],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131250,92],{"class":91},[37,131252,95],{"class":51},[37,131254,90111],{"class":102},[37,131256,85],{"class":51},[37,131258,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,131260,92],{"class":91},[37,131262,95],{"class":51},[37,131264,757],{"class":756},[37,131266,95],{"class":51},[37,131268,90111],{"class":102},[37,131270,106],{"class":51},[20,131272,131273],{},[110,131274,112],{},[28,131276,131278],{"className":30,"code":131277,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131279,131280,131289],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131281,131282,131284,131286],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131283,34975],{"class":43},[37,131285,65],{"class":51},[37,131287,131288],{"class":43}," Chris!\n",[37,131290,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131292,808],{"class":47},[37,131294,812],{"class":811},[37,131296,815],{"class":55},[37,131298,3569],{"class":59},[37,131300,821],{"class":55},[37,131302,824],{"class":47},[20,131304,131305],{},"The original string is not changed.",[130,131307,131309,131311],{"id":131308},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131310,126444],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131313,131314,131316],{},[15,131315,126444],{}," is a string method.",[20,131318,131319],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131321,46138,131322,3013],{},[15,131323,126444],{},[28,131325,131327],{"className":30,"code":131326,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131328,131329,131342],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131330,131331,131333,131335,131337,131340],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131332,7996],{"class":43},[37,131334,48],{"class":47},[37,131336,68],{"class":55},[37,131338,131339],{"class":59},"Rita",[37,131341,3484],{"class":55},[37,131343,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131345,92],{"class":91},[37,131347,95],{"class":51},[37,131349,56],{"class":55},[37,131351,44999],{"class":59},[37,131353,3918],{"class":122},[37,131355,89935],{"class":59},[37,131357,56],{"class":55},[37,131359,292],{"class":51},[37,131361,130164],{"class":102},[37,131363,95],{"class":51},[37,131365,7790],{"class":102},[37,131367,106],{"class":51},[20,131369,131370],{},"Example with an f-string:",[28,131372,131374],{"className":30,"code":131373,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131375,131376,131388],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131377,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131379,7996],{"class":43},[37,131381,48],{"class":47},[37,131383,68],{"class":55},[37,131385,131339],{"class":59},[37,131387,3484],{"class":55},[37,131389,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131407],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131391,92],{"class":91},[37,131393,95],{"class":51},[37,131395,22401],{"class":811},[37,131397,43445],{"class":59},[37,131399,9394],{"class":122},[37,131401,7790],{"class":102},[37,131403,22410],{"class":122},[37,131405,131406],{"class":59},"!\"",[37,131408,85],{"class":51},[20,131410,131411],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131413,131414,131415,131417,131418,292],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131416,126444],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[285,131419,89780],{"href":89779},[130,131421,1854],{"id":1853},[20,131423,131424,131425,292],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131426,126444],{},[307,131428,131430],{"id":131429},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131432,131433],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[28,131435,131437],{"className":30,"code":131436,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131438,131439,131472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131440,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449,131451,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131442,34795],{"class":43},[37,131444,48],{"class":47},[37,131446,68],{"class":55},[37,131448,44999],{"class":59},[37,131450,3918],{"class":122},[37,131452,131453],{"class":122}," {}",[37,131455,89935],{"class":59},[37,131457,56],{"class":55},[37,131459,292],{"class":51},[37,131461,130164],{"class":102},[37,131463,95],{"class":51},[37,131465,56],{"class":55},[37,131467,7799],{"class":59},[37,131469,56],{"class":55},[37,131471,85],{"class":51},[37,131473,131474,131476,131478,131480],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131475,92],{"class":91},[37,131477,95],{"class":51},[37,131479,34816],{"class":102},[37,131481,85],{"class":51},[20,131483,131484],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131486,131487],{},"Fixed version:",[28,131489,131491],{"className":30,"code":131490,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131492,131493,131534],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131494,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131530,131532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131496,34795],{"class":43},[37,131498,48],{"class":47},[37,131500,68],{"class":55},[37,131502,44999],{"class":59},[37,131504,3918],{"class":122},[37,131506,131453],{"class":122},[37,131508,89935],{"class":59},[37,131510,56],{"class":55},[37,131512,292],{"class":51},[37,131514,130164],{"class":102},[37,131516,95],{"class":51},[37,131518,56],{"class":55},[37,131520,7799],{"class":59},[37,131522,56],{"class":55},[37,131524,65],{"class":51},[37,131526,68],{"class":55},[37,131528,131529],{"class":59},"Lee",[37,131531,56],{"class":55},[37,131533,85],{"class":51},[37,131535,131536,131538,131540,131542],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131537,92],{"class":91},[37,131539,95],{"class":51},[37,131541,34816],{"class":102},[37,131543,85],{"class":51},[307,131545,131547],{"id":131546},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131549,131550,131551,292],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131552,126444],{},[20,131554,131555],{},"Problem:",[28,131557,131559],{"className":30,"code":131558,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131560,131561,131595],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131562,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131564,34795],{"class":43},[37,131566,48],{"class":47},[37,131568,68],{"class":55},[37,131570,44999],{"class":59},[37,131572,130781],{"class":122},[37,131574,89935],{"class":59},[37,131576,56],{"class":55},[37,131578,292],{"class":51},[37,131580,130164],{"class":102},[37,131582,95],{"class":51},[37,131584,8105],{"class":9294},[37,131586,48],{"class":47},[37,131588,56],{"class":55},[37,131590,7799],{"class":59},[37,131592,56],{"class":55},[37,131594,85],{"class":51},[37,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131598,92],{"class":91},[37,131600,95],{"class":51},[37,131602,34816],{"class":102},[37,131604,85],{"class":51},[20,131606,131487],{},[28,131608,131610],{"className":30,"code":131609,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131611,131612,131646],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131613,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131615,34795],{"class":43},[37,131617,48],{"class":47},[37,131619,68],{"class":55},[37,131621,44999],{"class":59},[37,131623,130781],{"class":122},[37,131625,89935],{"class":59},[37,131627,56],{"class":55},[37,131629,292],{"class":51},[37,131631,130164],{"class":102},[37,131633,95],{"class":51},[37,131635,7790],{"class":9294},[37,131637,48],{"class":47},[37,131639,56],{"class":55},[37,131641,7799],{"class":59},[37,131643,56],{"class":55},[37,131645,85],{"class":51},[37,131647,131648,131650,131652,131654],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131649,92],{"class":91},[37,131651,95],{"class":51},[37,131653,34816],{"class":102},[37,131655,85],{"class":51},[307,131657,1880,131659,131661],{"id":131658},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131660,126444],{}," to change the original string",[20,131663,131664,131666],{},[15,131665,126444],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131668,131555],{},[28,131670,131672],{"className":30,"code":131671,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131673,131674,131688,131706],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131675,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131677,34795],{"class":43},[37,131679,48],{"class":47},[37,131681,68],{"class":55},[37,131683,44999],{"class":59},[37,131685,3918],{"class":122},[37,131687,3484],{"class":55},[37,131689,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131691,34816],{"class":43},[37,131693,292],{"class":51},[37,131695,130164],{"class":102},[37,131697,95],{"class":51},[37,131699,56],{"class":55},[37,131701,7799],{"class":59},[37,131703,56],{"class":55},[37,131705,85],{"class":51},[37,131707,131708,131710,131712,131714],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,131709,92],{"class":91},[37,131711,95],{"class":51},[37,131713,34816],{"class":102},[37,131715,85],{"class":51},[20,131717,131718],{},[110,131719,112],{},[28,131721,131723],{"className":30,"code":131722,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131724,131725],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131726,131727,131729,131731],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131728,34975],{"class":43},[37,131730,65],{"class":51},[37,131732,9953],{"class":51},[20,131734,131487],{},[28,131736,131738],{"className":30,"code":131737,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131739,131740,131754,131776],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131741,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131743,34795],{"class":43},[37,131745,48],{"class":47},[37,131747,68],{"class":55},[37,131749,44999],{"class":59},[37,131751,3918],{"class":122},[37,131753,3484],{"class":55},[37,131755,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131757,34795],{"class":43},[37,131759,48],{"class":47},[37,131761,42940],{"class":43},[37,131763,292],{"class":51},[37,131765,130164],{"class":102},[37,131767,95],{"class":51},[37,131769,56],{"class":55},[37,131771,7799],{"class":59},[37,131773,56],{"class":55},[37,131775,85],{"class":51},[37,131777,131778,131780,131782,131784],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,131779,92],{"class":91},[37,131781,95],{"class":51},[37,131783,34816],{"class":102},[37,131785,85],{"class":51},[307,131787,4823,131789,131791],{"id":131788},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131790,126444],{}," returns a new string",[20,131793,131794],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[307,131796,131798],{"id":131797},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131800,131801],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131803,131804,131805,131807],{},"Use simple ",[15,131806,3918],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131809,131810,131811,292],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[285,131812,90493],{"href":90492},[130,131814,67986],{"id":67985},[20,131816,131817],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[28,131819,131821],{"className":30,"code":131820,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131822,131823,131833,131847,131876],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,131824,131825,131827,131829,131831],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,131826,92],{"class":91},[37,131828,95],{"class":51},[37,131830,34816],{"class":102},[37,131832,85],{"class":51},[37,131834,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,131836,92],{"class":91},[37,131838,95],{"class":51},[37,131840,757],{"class":756},[37,131842,95],{"class":51},[37,131844,1215],{"class":102},[37,131846,106],{"class":51},[37,131848,131849,131851,131853,131855,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,131850,92],{"class":91},[37,131852,95],{"class":51},[37,131854,56],{"class":55},[37,131856,131857],{"class":59},"Hello ",[37,131859,3918],{"class":122},[37,131861,56],{"class":55},[37,131863,292],{"class":51},[37,131865,130164],{"class":102},[37,131867,95],{"class":51},[37,131869,56],{"class":55},[37,131871,7799],{"class":59},[37,131873,56],{"class":55},[37,131875,106],{"class":51},[37,131877,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,131879,1937],{"class":91},[37,131881,95],{"class":51},[37,131883,3569],{"class":756},[37,131885,292],{"class":51},[37,131887,130164],{"class":24857},[37,131889,85],{"class":51},[20,131891,131892],{},"Use them to check:",[135,131894,131895,131898,131901,131904],{},[138,131896,131897],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[138,131899,131900],{},"what type your value has",[138,131902,131903],{},"whether a small test example works",[138,131905,131906,131907],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131908,131909],{},"str.format",[130,131911,1969],{"id":1968},[307,131913,129945,131915,12828],{"id":131914},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131916,126444],{},[20,131918,131919],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[307,131921,131923],{"id":131922},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131925,131926,131927,131929],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131928,3918],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[307,131931,131933,131934,2623],{"id":131932},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131935,126444],{},[20,131937,131938,131939,131942],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131940,131941],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[307,131944,15013,131946,131948],{"id":131945},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131947,126444],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131950,131951,131952,131954],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131953,126444],{}," is still useful and common.",[130,131956,2025],{"id":2024},[135,131958,131959,131963,131967,131973,131979],{},[138,131960,131961],{},[285,131962,125196],{"href":51068},[138,131964,131965],{},[285,131966,90770],{"href":89779},[138,131968,131969],{},[285,131970,288,131971,291],{"href":46546},[15,131972,46549],{},[138,131974,131975],{},[285,131976,288,131977,291],{"href":42275},[15,131978,47778],{},[138,131980,131981],{},[285,131982,90493],{"href":90492},[2052,131984,131985],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":131987},[131988,131989,131991,131992,131993,131994,131995,131996,131998,132007,132008,132017],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":130231,"depth":88,"text":131990},"What the format() method does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":130512,"depth":88,"text":130513},{"id":130774,"depth":88,"text":130775},{"id":131005,"depth":88,"text":131006},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":131308,"depth":88,"text":131997},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":131999},[132000,132001,132002,132004,132006],{"id":131429,"depth":251,"text":131430},{"id":131546,"depth":251,"text":131547},{"id":131658,"depth":251,"text":132003},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131788,"depth":251,"text":132005},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131797,"depth":251,"text":131798},{"id":67985,"depth":88,"text":67986},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":132009},[132010,132012,132013,132015],{"id":131914,"depth":251,"text":132011},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131922,"depth":251,"text":131923},{"id":131932,"depth":251,"text":132014},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131945,"depth":251,"text":132016},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130091,"description":132018},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132025,"title":132026,"body":132027,"description":133507,"extension":2099,"meta":133508,"navigation":254,"path":133509,"seo":133510,"stem":133511,"__hash__":133512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132028,"toc":133479},[132029,132034,132039,132044,132046,132108,132115,132121,132126,132128,132144,132146,132217,132219,132233,132236,132286,132288,132290,132317,132320,132335,132338,132379,132382,132427,132434,132483,132485,132493,132495,132513,132515,132608,132616,132657,132662,132669,132675,132682,132685,132689,132790,132792,132814,132818,132871,132874,132877,132883,132890,132892,132931,132933,132951,132961,132968,133051,133054,133061,133068,133075,133079,133087,133133,133137,133146,133211,133216,133221,133232,133234,133239,133266,133268,133371,133374,133394,133396,133401,133404,133408,133412,133419,133428,133434,133437,133443,133445,133447,133476],[10,132030,123442,132032,11437],{"id":132031},"python-string-index-method",[15,132033,59060],{},[20,132035,123447,132036,132038],{},[15,132037,59060],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132040,132041,132042,292],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132043,40805],{},[130,132045,2140],{"id":2139},[28,132047,132049],{"className":30,"code":132048,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132050,132051,132063,132085,132095,132099,132103],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132052,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132054,34795],{"class":43},[37,132056,48],{"class":47},[37,132058,68],{"class":55},[37,132060,60497],{"class":59},[37,132062,3484],{"class":55},[37,132064,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132066,65010],{"class":43},[37,132068,48],{"class":47},[37,132070,42940],{"class":43},[37,132072,292],{"class":51},[37,132074,35955],{"class":102},[37,132076,95],{"class":51},[37,132078,56],{"class":55},[37,132080,60682],{"class":59},[37,132082,56],{"class":55},[37,132084,85],{"class":51},[37,132086,132087,132089,132091,132093],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132088,92],{"class":91},[37,132090,95],{"class":51},[37,132092,65037],{"class":102},[37,132094,85],{"class":51},[37,132096,132097],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,132098,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132100,132101],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,132102,90911],{"class":3788},[37,132104,132105],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,132106,132107],{"class":3788},"# 6\n",[20,132109,22,132110,132112,132113,292],{},[15,132111,59060],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132114,40805],{},[130,132116,296,132118,3805],{"id":132117},"what-strindex-does",[15,132119,132120],{},"str.index()",[20,132122,132123,132125],{},[15,132124,132120],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132127,13164],{},[135,132129,132130,132133,132136,132139],{},[138,132131,132132],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[138,132134,132135],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[138,132137,132138],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[138,132140,30401,132141,132143],{},[15,132142,40805],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132145,197],{},[28,132147,132149],{"className":30,"code":132148,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132150,132151,132163,132167,132192],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132152,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132154,34795],{"class":43},[37,132156,48],{"class":47},[37,132158,68],{"class":55},[37,132160,338],{"class":59},[37,132162,3484],{"class":55},[37,132164,132165],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132166,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132168,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187,132189],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132170,92],{"class":91},[37,132172,95],{"class":51},[37,132174,34816],{"class":102},[37,132176,292],{"class":51},[37,132178,35955],{"class":102},[37,132180,95],{"class":51},[37,132182,56],{"class":55},[37,132184,285],{"class":59},[37,132186,56],{"class":55},[37,132188,5482],{"class":51},[37,132190,132191],{"class":3788},"     # 1\n",[37,132193,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,132195,92],{"class":91},[37,132197,95],{"class":51},[37,132199,34816],{"class":102},[37,132201,292],{"class":51},[37,132203,35955],{"class":102},[37,132205,95],{"class":51},[37,132207,56],{"class":55},[37,132209,123534],{"class":59},[37,132211,56],{"class":55},[37,132213,5482],{"class":51},[37,132215,132216],{"class":3788},"    # 2\n",[20,132218,2311],{},[135,132220,132221,132227],{},[138,132222,132223,128654,132225],{},[15,132224,18203],{},[15,132226,501],{},[138,132228,132229,128654,132231],{},[15,132230,128653],{},[15,132232,508],{},[20,132234,132235],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[28,132237,132239],{"className":30,"code":132238,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132240,132241,132253,132257,132281],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132242,132243,132245,132247,132249,132251],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132244,34795],{"class":43},[37,132246,48],{"class":47},[37,132248,68],{"class":55},[37,132250,34975],{"class":59},[37,132252,3484],{"class":55},[37,132254,132255],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132256,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132258,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132260,92],{"class":91},[37,132262,95],{"class":51},[37,132264,34816],{"class":102},[37,132266,292],{"class":51},[37,132268,35955],{"class":102},[37,132270,95],{"class":51},[37,132272,56],{"class":55},[37,132274,51284],{"class":59},[37,132276,56],{"class":55},[37,132278,5482],{"class":51},[37,132280,20875],{"class":3788},[37,132282,132283],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,132284,132285],{"class":3788},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[130,132287,159],{"id":158},[20,132289,2293],{},[28,132291,132293],{"className":30,"code":132292,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132294,132295],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132296,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132298,61265],{"class":43},[37,132300,292],{"class":51},[37,132302,35955],{"class":102},[37,132304,95],{"class":51},[37,132306,1215],{"class":102},[37,132308,65],{"class":51},[37,132310,36161],{"class":102},[37,132312,65],{"class":51},[37,132314,65131],{"class":102},[37,132316,85],{"class":51},[20,132318,132319],{},"Parameters:",[135,132321,132322,132326,132330],{},[138,132323,132324,123633],{},[15,132325,1215],{},[138,132327,132328,128700],{},[15,132329,36182],{},[138,132331,132332,132334],{},[15,132333,52752],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132336,132337],{},"You can use just the value:",[28,132339,132341],{"className":30,"code":132340,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132342,132343,132355],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132344,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132346,34795],{"class":43},[37,132348,48],{"class":47},[37,132350,68],{"class":55},[37,132352,32],{"class":59},[37,132354,3484],{"class":55},[37,132356,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132358,92],{"class":91},[37,132360,95],{"class":51},[37,132362,34816],{"class":102},[37,132364,292],{"class":51},[37,132366,35955],{"class":102},[37,132368,95],{"class":51},[37,132370,56],{"class":55},[37,132372,63378],{"class":59},[37,132374,56],{"class":55},[37,132376,5482],{"class":51},[37,132378,51506],{"class":3788},[20,132380,132381],{},"Or include a start position:",[28,132383,132385],{"className":30,"code":132384,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132386,132387,132399],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132388,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132390,34795],{"class":43},[37,132392,48],{"class":47},[37,132394,68],{"class":55},[37,132396,338],{"class":59},[37,132398,3484],{"class":55},[37,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132402,92],{"class":91},[37,132404,95],{"class":51},[37,132406,34816],{"class":102},[37,132408,292],{"class":51},[37,132410,35955],{"class":102},[37,132412,95],{"class":51},[37,132414,56],{"class":55},[37,132416,285],{"class":59},[37,132418,56],{"class":55},[37,132420,65],{"class":51},[37,132422,890],{"class":122},[37,132424,5482],{"class":51},[37,132426,50864],{"class":3788},[20,132428,132429,132430,851,132432,3013],{},"Or include both ",[15,132431,36182],{},[15,132433,52752],{},[28,132435,132437],{"className":30,"code":132436,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132438,132439,132451],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132440,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132442,34795],{"class":43},[37,132444,48],{"class":47},[37,132446,68],{"class":55},[37,132448,338],{"class":59},[37,132450,3484],{"class":55},[37,132452,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132454,92],{"class":91},[37,132456,95],{"class":51},[37,132458,34816],{"class":102},[37,132460,292],{"class":51},[37,132462,35955],{"class":102},[37,132464,95],{"class":51},[37,132466,56],{"class":55},[37,132468,285],{"class":59},[37,132470,56],{"class":55},[37,132472,65],{"class":51},[37,132474,890],{"class":122},[37,132476,65],{"class":51},[37,132478,527],{"class":122},[37,132480,5482],{"class":51},[37,132482,50864],{"class":3788},[130,132484,38122],{"id":38121},[20,132486,28815,132487,132489,132490,292],{},[15,132488,59060],{}," is a ",[110,132491,132492],{},"zero-based index",[20,132494,2242],{},[135,132496,132497,132503,132508],{},[138,132498,132499,132500,132502],{},"Index ",[15,132501,1070],{}," is the first character",[138,132504,132499,132505,132507],{},[15,132506,501],{}," is the second character",[138,132509,132499,132510,132512],{},[15,132511,508],{}," is the third character",[20,132514,197],{},[28,132516,132518],{"className":30,"code":132517,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132519,132520,132532,132536,132560,132584],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132521,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132523,34795],{"class":43},[37,132525,48],{"class":47},[37,132527,68],{"class":55},[37,132529,37149],{"class":59},[37,132531,3484],{"class":55},[37,132533,132534],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132535,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132537,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132539,92],{"class":91},[37,132541,95],{"class":51},[37,132543,34816],{"class":102},[37,132545,292],{"class":51},[37,132547,35955],{"class":102},[37,132549,95],{"class":51},[37,132551,56],{"class":55},[37,132553,1754],{"class":59},[37,132555,56],{"class":55},[37,132557,5482],{"class":51},[37,132559,51340],{"class":3788},[37,132561,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,132563,92],{"class":91},[37,132565,95],{"class":51},[37,132567,34816],{"class":102},[37,132569,292],{"class":51},[37,132571,35955],{"class":102},[37,132573,95],{"class":51},[37,132575,56],{"class":55},[37,132577,285],{"class":59},[37,132579,56],{"class":55},[37,132581,5482],{"class":51},[37,132583,27886],{"class":3788},[37,132585,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,132587,92],{"class":91},[37,132589,95],{"class":51},[37,132591,34816],{"class":102},[37,132593,292],{"class":51},[37,132595,35955],{"class":102},[37,132597,95],{"class":51},[37,132599,56],{"class":55},[37,132601,63378],{"class":59},[37,132603,56],{"class":55},[37,132605,5482],{"class":51},[37,132607,51506],{"class":3788},[20,132609,132610,132612,132613,132615],{},[15,132611,59060],{}," returns only the ",[110,132614,30016],{}," matching position.",[28,132617,132619],{"className":30,"code":132618,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132620,132621,132633],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132622,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132624,34795],{"class":43},[37,132626,48],{"class":47},[37,132628,68],{"class":55},[37,132630,338],{"class":59},[37,132632,3484],{"class":55},[37,132634,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132636,92],{"class":91},[37,132638,95],{"class":51},[37,132640,34816],{"class":102},[37,132642,292],{"class":51},[37,132644,35955],{"class":102},[37,132646,95],{"class":51},[37,132648,56],{"class":55},[37,132650,285],{"class":59},[37,132652,56],{"class":55},[37,132654,5482],{"class":51},[37,132656,27886],{"class":3788},[20,132658,21084,132659,132661],{},[15,132660,18203],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132663,132664,132665,292],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[285,132666,132667,10856],{"href":124891},[15,132668,58682],{},[130,132670,1872,132671,851,132673],{"id":65497},[15,132672,36182],{},[15,132674,52752],{},[20,132676,1531,132677,851,132679,132681],{},[15,132678,36182],{},[15,132680,52752],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132683,132684],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132686,46138,132687,3013],{},[15,132688,36182],{},[28,132690,132692],{"className":30,"code":132691,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132693,132694,132706,132710,132734,132762],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132695,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132697,34795],{"class":43},[37,132699,48],{"class":47},[37,132701,68],{"class":55},[37,132703,338],{"class":59},[37,132705,3484],{"class":55},[37,132707,132708],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132709,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132711,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132713,92],{"class":91},[37,132715,95],{"class":51},[37,132717,34816],{"class":102},[37,132719,292],{"class":51},[37,132721,35955],{"class":102},[37,132723,95],{"class":51},[37,132725,56],{"class":55},[37,132727,285],{"class":59},[37,132729,56],{"class":55},[37,132731,5482],{"class":51},[37,132733,51213],{"class":3788},[37,132735,132736,132738,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,132737,92],{"class":91},[37,132739,95],{"class":51},[37,132741,34816],{"class":102},[37,132743,292],{"class":51},[37,132745,35955],{"class":102},[37,132747,95],{"class":51},[37,132749,56],{"class":55},[37,132751,285],{"class":59},[37,132753,56],{"class":55},[37,132755,65],{"class":51},[37,132757,890],{"class":122},[37,132759,5482],{"class":51},[37,132761,51062],{"class":3788},[37,132763,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,132765,92],{"class":91},[37,132767,95],{"class":51},[37,132769,34816],{"class":102},[37,132771,292],{"class":51},[37,132773,35955],{"class":102},[37,132775,95],{"class":51},[37,132777,56],{"class":55},[37,132779,285],{"class":59},[37,132781,56],{"class":55},[37,132783,65],{"class":51},[37,132785,1134],{"class":122},[37,132787,5482],{"class":51},[37,132789,50847],{"class":3788},[20,132791,560],{},[135,132793,132794,132801,132807],{},[138,132795,132796,132797,65687,132799],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132798,18203],{},[15,132800,501],{},[138,132802,132803,132804,132806],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132805,508],{}," skips that first match",[138,132808,132803,132809,132811,132812],{},[15,132810,522],{}," finds the last ",[15,132813,18203],{},[20,132815,46138,132816,3013],{},[15,132817,52752],{},[28,132819,132821],{"className":30,"code":132820,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132822,132823,132835,132839],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132824,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132826,34795],{"class":43},[37,132828,48],{"class":47},[37,132830,68],{"class":55},[37,132832,338],{"class":59},[37,132834,3484],{"class":55},[37,132836,132837],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132838,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132840,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132842,92],{"class":91},[37,132844,95],{"class":51},[37,132846,34816],{"class":102},[37,132848,292],{"class":51},[37,132850,35955],{"class":102},[37,132852,95],{"class":51},[37,132854,56],{"class":55},[37,132856,76117],{"class":59},[37,132858,56],{"class":55},[37,132860,65],{"class":51},[37,132862,1498],{"class":122},[37,132864,65],{"class":51},[37,132866,1134],{"class":122},[37,132868,5482],{"class":51},[37,132870,51506],{"class":3788},[20,132872,132873],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132875,132876],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[130,132878,44312,132880,132882],{"id":132879},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132881,59060],{}," causes an error",[20,132884,132885,132886,52586,132888,292],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132887,59060],{},[15,132889,40805],{},[20,132891,197],{},[28,132893,132895],{"className":30,"code":132894,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132896,132897,132909],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132898,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132900,34795],{"class":43},[37,132902,48],{"class":47},[37,132904,68],{"class":55},[37,132906,3970],{"class":59},[37,132908,3484],{"class":55},[37,132910,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132912,92],{"class":91},[37,132914,95],{"class":51},[37,132916,34816],{"class":102},[37,132918,292],{"class":51},[37,132920,35955],{"class":102},[37,132922,95],{"class":51},[37,132924,56],{"class":55},[37,132926,22184],{"class":59},[37,132928,56],{"class":55},[37,132930,106],{"class":51},[20,132932,112],{},[28,132934,132936],{"className":30,"code":132935,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132937,132938],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132939,132940,132942,132944,132947,132949],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132941,40805],{"class":756},[37,132943,3013],{"class":51},[37,132945,132946],{"class":43}," substring ",[37,132948,711],{"class":47},[37,132950,65920],{"class":43},[20,132952,53433,132953,126407,132958,132960],{},[285,132954,132955],{"href":130085},[15,132956,132957],{},"str.find()",[15,132959,65945],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132962,132963,132964,851,132966,3013],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132965,29911],{},[15,132967,29942],{},[28,132969,132971],{"className":30,"code":132970,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132972,132973,132985,132989,132995,133018,133028,133036],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,132974,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,132976,34795],{"class":43},[37,132978,48],{"class":47},[37,132980,68],{"class":55},[37,132982,3970],{"class":59},[37,132984,3484],{"class":55},[37,132986,132987],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,132988,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,132990,132991,132993],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,132992,29911],{"class":1483},[37,132994,1501],{"class":51},[37,132996,132997,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,132998,132999],{"class":43},"    position ",[37,133001,48],{"class":47},[37,133003,42940],{"class":43},[37,133005,292],{"class":51},[37,133007,35955],{"class":102},[37,133009,95],{"class":51},[37,133011,56],{"class":55},[37,133013,22184],{"class":59},[37,133015,56],{"class":55},[37,133017,85],{"class":51},[37,133019,133020,133022,133024,133026],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,133021,1506],{"class":91},[37,133023,95],{"class":51},[37,133025,65037],{"class":102},[37,133027,85],{"class":51},[37,133029,133030,133032,133034],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,133031,29942],{"class":1483},[37,133033,42026],{"class":756},[37,133035,1501],{"class":51},[37,133037,133038,133040,133042,133044,133047,133049],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,133039,1506],{"class":91},[37,133041,95],{"class":51},[37,133043,56],{"class":55},[37,133045,133046],{"class":59},"Substring not found",[37,133048,56],{"class":55},[37,133050,85],{"class":51},[20,133052,133053],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133055,42046,133056,292],{},[285,133057,25787,133059],{"href":133058},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133060,129412],{},[130,133062,133064,10700,133066],{"id":133063},"index-vs-find",[15,133065,59060],{},[15,133067,124436],{},[20,133069,133070,851,133072,133074],{},[15,133071,59060],{},[15,133073,124436],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[307,133076,133077],{"id":35955},[15,133078,59060],{},[135,133080,133081,133084],{},[138,133082,133083],{},"Returns the first match position",[138,133085,133086],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[28,133088,133090],{"className":30,"code":133089,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133091,133092,133104,133128],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133093,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133095,34795],{"class":43},[37,133097,48],{"class":47},[37,133099,68],{"class":55},[37,133101,3970],{"class":59},[37,133103,3484],{"class":55},[37,133105,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133107,92],{"class":91},[37,133109,95],{"class":51},[37,133111,34816],{"class":102},[37,133113,292],{"class":51},[37,133115,35955],{"class":102},[37,133117,95],{"class":51},[37,133119,56],{"class":55},[37,133121,60538],{"class":59},[37,133123,56],{"class":55},[37,133125,5482],{"class":51},[37,133127,27886],{"class":3788},[37,133129,133130],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,133131,133132],{"class":3788},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[307,133134,133135],{"id":128466},[15,133136,124436],{},[135,133138,133139,133141],{},[138,133140,133083],{},[138,133142,11539,133143,133145],{},[15,133144,65945],{}," if nothing is found",[28,133147,133149],{"className":30,"code":133148,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133150,133151,133163,133187],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133152,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133154,34795],{"class":43},[37,133156,48],{"class":47},[37,133158,68],{"class":55},[37,133160,3970],{"class":59},[37,133162,3484],{"class":55},[37,133164,133165,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133166,92],{"class":91},[37,133168,95],{"class":51},[37,133170,34816],{"class":102},[37,133172,292],{"class":51},[37,133174,128466],{"class":102},[37,133176,95],{"class":51},[37,133178,56],{"class":55},[37,133180,60538],{"class":59},[37,133182,56],{"class":55},[37,133184,5482],{"class":51},[37,133186,27886],{"class":3788},[37,133188,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,133190,92],{"class":91},[37,133192,95],{"class":51},[37,133194,34816],{"class":102},[37,133196,292],{"class":51},[37,133198,128466],{"class":102},[37,133200,95],{"class":51},[37,133202,56],{"class":55},[37,133204,22184],{"class":59},[37,133206,56],{"class":55},[37,133208,5482],{"class":51},[37,133210,128822],{"class":3788},[20,133212,22,133213,133215],{},[15,133214,59060],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133217,22,133218,133220],{},[15,133219,124436],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133222,133223,133224,3006,133229,292],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[285,133225,133226,133228],{"href":130085},[15,133227,132957],{}," method reference",[285,133230,127477],{"href":133231},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[130,133233,1854],{"id":1853},[20,133235,133236,133237,3013],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133238,59060],{},[135,133240,133241,133244,133251,133256,133261],{},[138,133242,133243],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[138,133245,1880,133246,8573,133248,133250],{},[15,133247,59060],{},[15,133249,65945],{}," when no match exists",[138,133252,1872,133253,133255],{},[15,133254,59060],{}," on a value that may not be present",[138,133257,133258,133259],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133260,501],{},[138,133262,4699,133263,133265],{},[15,133264,59060],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133267,62386],{},[28,133269,133271],{"className":30,"code":133270,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133272,133273,133283,133297,133319,133341],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133274,133275,133277,133279,133281],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133276,92],{"class":91},[37,133278,95],{"class":51},[37,133280,34816],{"class":102},[37,133282,85],{"class":51},[37,133284,133285,133287,133289,133291,133293,133295],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133286,92],{"class":91},[37,133288,95],{"class":51},[37,133290,41879],{"class":91},[37,133292,95],{"class":51},[37,133294,34816],{"class":102},[37,133296,106],{"class":51},[37,133298,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,133300,92],{"class":91},[37,133302,95],{"class":51},[37,133304,34816],{"class":102},[37,133306,292],{"class":51},[37,133308,35955],{"class":102},[37,133310,95],{"class":51},[37,133312,56],{"class":55},[37,133314,1215],{"class":59},[37,133316,56],{"class":55},[37,133318,106],{"class":51},[37,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,133322,92],{"class":91},[37,133324,95],{"class":51},[37,133326,34816],{"class":102},[37,133328,292],{"class":51},[37,133330,128466],{"class":102},[37,133332,95],{"class":51},[37,133334,56],{"class":55},[37,133336,1215],{"class":59},[37,133338,56],{"class":55},[37,133340,106],{"class":51},[37,133342,133343,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,133344,92],{"class":91},[37,133346,95],{"class":51},[37,133348,34816],{"class":102},[37,133350,292],{"class":51},[37,133352,35955],{"class":102},[37,133354,95],{"class":51},[37,133356,56],{"class":55},[37,133358,1215],{"class":59},[37,133360,56],{"class":55},[37,133362,65],{"class":51},[37,133364,36161],{"class":102},[37,133366,65],{"class":51},[37,133368,65131],{"class":102},[37,133370,106],{"class":51},[20,133372,133373],{},"Tips:",[135,133375,133376,133381,133386,133389],{},[138,133377,22,133378,133380],{},[15,133379,126363],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[138,133382,22,133383,133385],{},[15,133384,124436],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[138,133387,133388],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[138,133390,133391,133392],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133393,1070],{},[130,133395,1969],{"id":1968},[307,133397,129945,133399,12828],{"id":133398},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133400,59060],{},[20,133402,133403],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[307,133405,133407],{"id":133406},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133409,76945,133410,292],{},[15,133411,40805],{},[307,133413,5300,133415,851,133417,2623],{"id":133414},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133416,59060],{},[15,133418,124436],{},[20,133420,133421,133423,133424,2530,133426,6752],{},[15,133422,59060],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133425,124436],{},[15,133427,65945],{},[307,133429,5290,133431,133433],{"id":133430},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133432,59060],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133435,133436],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[307,133438,133440,133441,124777],{"id":133439},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133442,59060],{},[20,133444,129970],{},[130,133446,2025],{"id":2024},[135,133448,133449,133455,133459,133464,133470],{},[138,133450,133451],{},[285,133452,133453,10856],{"href":130085},[15,133454,132957],{},[138,133456,133457],{},[285,133458,124840],{"href":133231},[138,133460,133461],{},[285,133462,130046],{"href":133463},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[138,133465,133466],{},[285,133467,133468,10856],{"href":124891},[15,133469,58682],{},[138,133471,133472],{},[285,133473,30455,133474],{"href":133058},[15,133475,129412],{},[2052,133477,133478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":133480},[133481,133482,133484,133485,133486,133487,133489,133494,133495,133506],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":132117,"depth":88,"text":133483},"What str.index() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":38121,"depth":88,"text":38122},{"id":65497,"depth":88,"text":66280},{"id":132879,"depth":88,"text":133488},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133063,"depth":88,"text":133490,"children":133491},"index() vs find()",[133492,133493],{"id":35955,"depth":251,"text":59060},{"id":128466,"depth":251,"text":124436},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":133496},[133497,133499,133500,133502,133504],{"id":133398,"depth":251,"text":133498},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133406,"depth":251,"text":133407},{"id":133414,"depth":251,"text":133501},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133430,"depth":251,"text":133503},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133439,"depth":251,"text":133505},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132026,"description":133507},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133514,"title":133515,"body":133516,"description":136291,"extension":2099,"meta":136292,"navigation":254,"path":136293,"seo":136294,"stem":136295,"__hash__":136296},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133517,"toc":136227},[133518,133524,133529,133532,133535,133546,133548,133617,133619,133633,133638,133643,133648,133650,133693,133695,133778,133780,133826,133832,133834,133836,133856,133858,133881,133883,133957,133959,133978,133983,133985,133989,134061,134063,134077,134081,134157,134159,134178,134182,134276,134278,134287,134294,134370,134372,134390,134394,134397,134404,134453,134455,134464,134471,134530,134532,134550,134553,134560,134619,134621,134639,134646,134703,134705,134714,134718,134723,134727,134786,134788,134806,134810,134857,134862,134865,134934,134936,134953,134960,134966,135021,135026,135029,135106,135108,135126,135132,135138,135198,135200,135219,135225,135228,135235,135288,135293,135295,135356,135365,135372,135374,135431,135436,135438,135509,135513,135568,135570,135579,135584,135590,135659,135661,135693,135699,135707,135714,135720,135785,135787,135796,135802,135883,135885,135894,135899,135913,135920,135924,135929,135957,135959,136092,136095,136132,136134,136140,136149,136154,136157,136162,136167,136173,136176,136185,136188,136190,136219,136224],[10,133519,123442,133521,11437],{"id":133520},"python-string-join-method",[15,133522,133523],{},"join()",[20,133525,123447,133526,133528],{},[15,133527,133523],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133530,133531],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133533,133534],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[135,133536,133537,133543],{},[138,133538,133539,133540,133542],{},"You call ",[15,133541,133523],{}," on the separator string",[138,133544,133545],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[130,133547,3734],{"id":3733},[28,133549,133551],{"className":30,"code":133550,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133552,133553,133586,133607],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133554,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133582,133584],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133556,965],{"class":43},[37,133558,48],{"class":47},[37,133560,519],{"class":51},[37,133562,56],{"class":55},[37,133564,7418],{"class":59},[37,133566,56],{"class":55},[37,133568,65],{"class":51},[37,133570,68],{"class":55},[37,133572,12306],{"class":59},[37,133574,56],{"class":55},[37,133576,65],{"class":51},[37,133578,68],{"class":55},[37,133580,133581],{"class":59},"fun",[37,133583,56],{"class":55},[37,133585,3760],{"class":51},[37,133587,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133601,133603,133605],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133589,2362],{"class":43},[37,133591,48],{"class":47},[37,133593,68],{"class":55},[37,133595,68],{"class":55},[37,133597,292],{"class":51},[37,133599,133600],{"class":102},"join",[37,133602,95],{"class":51},[37,133604,999],{"class":102},[37,133606,85],{"class":51},[37,133608,133609,133611,133613,133615],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,133610,92],{"class":91},[37,133612,95],{"class":51},[37,133614,2397],{"class":102},[37,133616,85],{"class":51},[20,133618,112],{},[28,133620,133622],{"className":30,"code":133621,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Python is fun\n",[15,133623,133624],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133625,133626,133628,133630],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133627,288],{"class":43},[37,133629,12306],{"class":47},[37,133631,133632],{"class":43}," fun\n",[20,133634,22,133635,133637],{},[15,133636,133523],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[130,133639,296,133641,3805],{"id":133640},"what-join-does",[15,133642,133523],{},[20,133644,133645,133647],{},[15,133646,133523],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133649,181],{},[135,133651,133652,133659,133687,133690],{},[138,133653,133654,133655,133658],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133656,133657],{},".join()"," as the separator",[138,133660,133661,133662],{},"Common separators are:\n",[135,133663,133664,133670,133676,133682],{},[138,133665,133666,133669],{},[15,133667,133668],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[138,133671,133672,133675],{},[15,133673,133674],{},"\", \""," for commas",[138,133677,133678,133681],{},[15,133679,133680],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[138,133683,133684,133686],{},[15,133685,6393],{}," for no separator",[138,133688,133689],{},"It returns a new string",[138,133691,133692],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133694,197],{},[28,133696,133698],{"className":30,"code":133697,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133699,133700,133732,133754,133758,133768],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133701,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133703,965],{"class":43},[37,133705,48],{"class":47},[37,133707,519],{"class":51},[37,133709,56],{"class":55},[37,133711,60],{"class":59},[37,133713,56],{"class":55},[37,133715,65],{"class":51},[37,133717,68],{"class":55},[37,133719,71],{"class":59},[37,133721,56],{"class":55},[37,133723,65],{"class":51},[37,133725,68],{"class":55},[37,133727,80],{"class":59},[37,133729,56],{"class":55},[37,133731,3760],{"class":51},[37,133733,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133735,2362],{"class":43},[37,133737,48],{"class":47},[37,133739,68],{"class":55},[37,133741,2321],{"class":59},[37,133743,56],{"class":55},[37,133745,292],{"class":51},[37,133747,133600],{"class":102},[37,133749,95],{"class":51},[37,133751,999],{"class":102},[37,133753,85],{"class":51},[37,133755,133756],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,133757,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,133759,133760,133762,133764,133766],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,133761,92],{"class":91},[37,133763,95],{"class":51},[37,133765,2397],{"class":102},[37,133767,85],{"class":51},[37,133769,133770,133772,133774,133776],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,133771,92],{"class":91},[37,133773,95],{"class":51},[37,133775,999],{"class":102},[37,133777,85],{"class":51},[20,133779,112],{},[28,133781,133783],{"className":30,"code":133782,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133784,133785,133798],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133786,133787,133789,133791,133794,133796],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133788,60],{"class":43},[37,133790,65],{"class":51},[37,133792,133793],{"class":43}," green",[37,133795,65],{"class":51},[37,133797,35990],{"class":43},[37,133799,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133801,1067],{"class":51},[37,133803,821],{"class":55},[37,133805,60],{"class":59},[37,133807,821],{"class":55},[37,133809,65],{"class":51},[37,133811,815],{"class":55},[37,133813,71],{"class":59},[37,133815,821],{"class":55},[37,133817,65],{"class":51},[37,133819,815],{"class":55},[37,133821,80],{"class":59},[37,133823,821],{"class":55},[37,133825,3760],{"class":51},[20,133827,133828,133829,133831],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133830,133523],{}," creates a new string.",[130,133833,159],{"id":158},[20,133835,7339],{},[28,133837,133839],{"className":30,"code":133838,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133840,133841],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133842,133843,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133844,133845],{"class":43},"separator",[37,133847,292],{"class":51},[37,133849,133600],{"class":102},[37,133851,95],{"class":51},[37,133853,3846],{"class":102},[37,133855,85],{"class":51},[307,133857,49103],{"id":49102},[135,133859,133860,133873,133878],{},[138,133861,133862,133864,133865,2321,133867,2321,133869,2325,133871],{},[15,133863,133845],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133866,133668],{},[15,133868,133674],{},[15,133870,133680],{},[15,133872,6393],{},[138,133874,133875,133877],{},[15,133876,3846],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[138,133879,133880],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133882,197],{},[28,133884,133886],{"className":30,"code":133885,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133887,133888,133920,133943,133947],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133889,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133918],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133891,5114],{"class":43},[37,133893,48],{"class":47},[37,133895,519],{"class":51},[37,133897,56],{"class":55},[37,133899,1646],{"class":59},[37,133901,56],{"class":55},[37,133903,65],{"class":51},[37,133905,68],{"class":55},[37,133907,36050],{"class":59},[37,133909,56],{"class":55},[37,133911,65],{"class":51},[37,133913,68],{"class":55},[37,133915,36059],{"class":59},[37,133917,56],{"class":55},[37,133919,3760],{"class":51},[37,133921,133922,133924,133926,133928,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,133923,2362],{"class":43},[37,133925,48],{"class":47},[37,133927,68],{"class":55},[37,133929,133930],{"class":59}," | ",[37,133932,56],{"class":55},[37,133934,292],{"class":51},[37,133936,133600],{"class":102},[37,133938,95],{"class":51},[37,133940,5158],{"class":102},[37,133942,85],{"class":51},[37,133944,133945],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,133946,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,133948,133949,133951,133953,133955],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,133950,92],{"class":91},[37,133952,95],{"class":51},[37,133954,2397],{"class":102},[37,133956,85],{"class":51},[20,133958,112],{},[28,133960,133962],{"className":30,"code":133961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133963,133964],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133965,133966,133969,133971,133974,133976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133967,133968],{"class":43},"Ana ",[37,133970,113949],{"class":47},[37,133972,133973],{"class":43}," Ben ",[37,133975,113949],{"class":47},[37,133977,36131],{"class":43},[20,133979,133980,133981,292],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[285,133982,125196],{"href":51068},[130,133984,121973],{"id":121972},[307,133986,133988],{"id":133987},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[28,133990,133992],{"className":30,"code":133991,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133993,133994,134027,134047,134051],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,133995,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018,134020,134023,134025],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,133997,965],{"class":43},[37,133999,48],{"class":47},[37,134001,519],{"class":51},[37,134003,56],{"class":55},[37,134005,7418],{"class":59},[37,134007,56],{"class":55},[37,134009,65],{"class":51},[37,134011,68],{"class":55},[37,134013,12306],{"class":59},[37,134015,56],{"class":55},[37,134017,65],{"class":51},[37,134019,68],{"class":55},[37,134021,134022],{"class":59},"easy",[37,134024,56],{"class":55},[37,134026,3760],{"class":51},[37,134028,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134030,2362],{"class":43},[37,134032,48],{"class":47},[37,134034,68],{"class":55},[37,134036,68],{"class":55},[37,134038,292],{"class":51},[37,134040,133600],{"class":102},[37,134042,95],{"class":51},[37,134044,999],{"class":102},[37,134046,85],{"class":51},[37,134048,134049],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,134050,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,134052,134053,134055,134057,134059],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,134054,92],{"class":91},[37,134056,95],{"class":51},[37,134058,2397],{"class":102},[37,134060,85],{"class":51},[20,134062,112],{},[28,134064,134066],{"className":30,"code":134065,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Python is easy\n",[15,134067,134068],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134069,134070,134072,134074],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134071,288],{"class":43},[37,134073,12306],{"class":47},[37,134075,134076],{"class":43}," easy\n",[307,134078,134080],{"id":134079},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[28,134082,134084],{"className":30,"code":134083,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134085,134086,134121,134143,134147],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134087,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134099,134101,134103,134105,134108,134110,134112,134114,134117,134119],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134089,670],{"class":43},[37,134091,48],{"class":47},[37,134093,519],{"class":51},[37,134095,56],{"class":55},[37,134097,134098],{"class":59},"apples",[37,134100,56],{"class":55},[37,134102,65],{"class":51},[37,134104,68],{"class":55},[37,134106,134107],{"class":59},"bananas",[37,134109,56],{"class":55},[37,134111,65],{"class":51},[37,134113,68],{"class":55},[37,134115,134116],{"class":59},"oranges",[37,134118,56],{"class":55},[37,134120,3760],{"class":51},[37,134122,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134124,2362],{"class":43},[37,134126,48],{"class":47},[37,134128,68],{"class":55},[37,134130,2321],{"class":59},[37,134132,56],{"class":55},[37,134134,292],{"class":51},[37,134136,133600],{"class":102},[37,134138,95],{"class":51},[37,134140,687],{"class":102},[37,134142,85],{"class":51},[37,134144,134145],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,134146,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,134148,134149,134151,134153,134155],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,134150,92],{"class":91},[37,134152,95],{"class":51},[37,134154,2397],{"class":102},[37,134156,85],{"class":51},[20,134158,112],{},[28,134160,134162],{"className":30,"code":134161,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134163,134164],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134165,134166,134168,134170,134173,134175],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134167,134098],{"class":43},[37,134169,65],{"class":51},[37,134171,134172],{"class":43}," bananas",[37,134174,65],{"class":51},[37,134176,134177],{"class":43}," oranges\n",[307,134179,134181],{"id":134180},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[28,134183,134185],{"className":30,"code":134184,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134186,134187,134244,134262,134266],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134188,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134190,1729],{"class":43},[37,134192,48],{"class":47},[37,134194,519],{"class":51},[37,134196,56],{"class":55},[37,134198,134199],{"class":59},"P",[37,134201,56],{"class":55},[37,134203,65],{"class":51},[37,134205,68],{"class":55},[37,134207,909],{"class":59},[37,134209,56],{"class":55},[37,134211,65],{"class":51},[37,134213,68],{"class":55},[37,134215,63378],{"class":59},[37,134217,56],{"class":55},[37,134219,65],{"class":51},[37,134221,68],{"class":55},[37,134223,60529],{"class":59},[37,134225,56],{"class":55},[37,134227,65],{"class":51},[37,134229,68],{"class":55},[37,134231,60564],{"class":59},[37,134233,56],{"class":55},[37,134235,65],{"class":51},[37,134237,68],{"class":55},[37,134239,76117],{"class":59},[37,134241,56],{"class":55},[37,134243,3760],{"class":51},[37,134245,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134247,2362],{"class":43},[37,134249,48],{"class":47},[37,134251,6247],{"class":55},[37,134253,292],{"class":51},[37,134255,133600],{"class":102},[37,134257,95],{"class":51},[37,134259,1785],{"class":102},[37,134261,85],{"class":51},[37,134263,134264],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,134265,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,134267,134268,134270,134272,134274],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,134269,92],{"class":91},[37,134271,95],{"class":51},[37,134273,2397],{"class":102},[37,134275,85],{"class":51},[20,134277,112],{},[28,134279,134281],{"className":30,"code":134280,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Python\n",[15,134282,134283],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134284,134285],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134286,134280],{"class":43},[307,134288,134290,134291,134293],{"id":134289},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134292,133523],{}," returns the result",[28,134295,134297],{"className":30,"code":134296,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134298,134299,134332,134355,134359],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134300,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134328,134330],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134302,965],{"class":43},[37,134304,48],{"class":47},[37,134306,519],{"class":51},[37,134308,56],{"class":55},[37,134310,6706],{"class":59},[37,134312,56],{"class":55},[37,134314,65],{"class":51},[37,134316,68],{"class":55},[37,134318,79358],{"class":59},[37,134320,56],{"class":55},[37,134322,65],{"class":51},[37,134324,68],{"class":55},[37,134326,134327],{"class":59},"three",[37,134329,56],{"class":55},[37,134331,3760],{"class":51},[37,134333,134334,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134335,134336],{"class":43},"joined_text ",[37,134338,48],{"class":47},[37,134340,68],{"class":55},[37,134342,2159],{"class":59},[37,134344,56],{"class":55},[37,134346,292],{"class":51},[37,134348,133600],{"class":102},[37,134350,95],{"class":51},[37,134352,999],{"class":102},[37,134354,85],{"class":51},[37,134356,134357],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,134358,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,134360,134361,134363,134365,134368],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,134362,92],{"class":91},[37,134364,95],{"class":51},[37,134366,134367],{"class":102},"joined_text",[37,134369,85],{"class":51},[20,134371,112],{},[28,134373,134375],{"className":30,"code":134374,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"one-two-three\n",[15,134376,134377],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134378,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134380,6706],{"class":43},[37,134382,2159],{"class":47},[37,134384,79358],{"class":43},[37,134386,2159],{"class":47},[37,134388,134389],{"class":43},"three\n",[130,134391,134393],{"id":134392},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134395,134396],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[307,134398,134400,134403],{"id":134399},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134401,134402],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[28,134405,134407],{"className":30,"code":134406,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134408,134409,134433],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134410,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134412,965],{"class":43},[37,134414,48],{"class":47},[37,134416,519],{"class":51},[37,134418,56],{"class":55},[37,134420,3970],{"class":59},[37,134422,56],{"class":55},[37,134424,65],{"class":51},[37,134426,68],{"class":55},[37,134428,60682],{"class":59},[37,134430,56],{"class":55},[37,134432,3760],{"class":51},[37,134434,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134436,92],{"class":91},[37,134438,95],{"class":51},[37,134440,56],{"class":55},[37,134442,68],{"class":55},[37,134444,292],{"class":51},[37,134446,133600],{"class":102},[37,134448,95],{"class":51},[37,134450,999],{"class":102},[37,134452,106],{"class":51},[20,134454,112],{},[28,134456,134458],{"className":30,"code":134457,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"hello world\n",[15,134459,134460],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134461,134462],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134463,134457],{"class":43},[307,134465,134467,134470],{"id":134466},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134468,134469],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[28,134472,134474],{"className":30,"code":134473,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134475,134476,134508],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134477,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134479,44],{"class":43},[37,134481,48],{"class":47},[37,134483,519],{"class":51},[37,134485,56],{"class":55},[37,134487,60],{"class":59},[37,134489,56],{"class":55},[37,134491,65],{"class":51},[37,134493,68],{"class":55},[37,134495,80],{"class":59},[37,134497,56],{"class":55},[37,134499,65],{"class":51},[37,134501,68],{"class":55},[37,134503,71],{"class":59},[37,134505,56],{"class":55},[37,134507,3760],{"class":51},[37,134509,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134511,92],{"class":91},[37,134513,95],{"class":51},[37,134515,56],{"class":55},[37,134517,2321],{"class":59},[37,134519,56],{"class":55},[37,134521,292],{"class":51},[37,134523,133600],{"class":102},[37,134525,95],{"class":51},[37,134527,103],{"class":102},[37,134529,106],{"class":51},[20,134531,112],{},[28,134533,134535],{"className":30,"code":134534,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134536,134537],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134538,134539,134541,134543,134546,134548],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134540,60],{"class":43},[37,134542,65],{"class":51},[37,134544,134545],{"class":43}," blue",[37,134547,65],{"class":51},[37,134549,35983],{"class":43},[20,134551,134552],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[307,134554,134556,134559],{"id":134555},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134557,134558],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[28,134561,134563],{"className":30,"code":134562,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134564,134565,134597],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134568,42935],{"class":43},[37,134570,48],{"class":47},[37,134572,519],{"class":51},[37,134574,56],{"class":55},[37,134576,32],{"class":59},[37,134578,56],{"class":55},[37,134580,65],{"class":51},[37,134582,68],{"class":55},[37,134584,61265],{"class":59},[37,134586,56],{"class":55},[37,134588,65],{"class":51},[37,134590,68],{"class":55},[37,134592,133600],{"class":59},[37,134594,56],{"class":55},[37,134596,3760],{"class":51},[37,134598,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134600,92],{"class":91},[37,134602,95],{"class":51},[37,134604,56],{"class":55},[37,134606,2159],{"class":59},[37,134608,56],{"class":55},[37,134610,292],{"class":51},[37,134612,133600],{"class":102},[37,134614,95],{"class":51},[37,134616,42967],{"class":102},[37,134618,106],{"class":51},[20,134620,112],{},[28,134622,134624],{"className":30,"code":134623,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"python-string-join\n",[15,134625,134626],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134627,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134629,32],{"class":43},[37,134631,2159],{"class":47},[37,134633,61265],{"class":43},[37,134635,2159],{"class":47},[37,134637,134638],{"class":43},"join\n",[307,134640,134642,134645],{"id":134641},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134643,134644],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[28,134647,134649],{"className":30,"code":134648,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134650,134651,134684],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134652,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134680,134682],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134654,113021],{"class":43},[37,134656,48],{"class":47},[37,134658,519],{"class":51},[37,134660,56],{"class":55},[37,134662,22352],{"class":59},[37,134664,56],{"class":55},[37,134666,65],{"class":51},[37,134668,68],{"class":55},[37,134670,30708],{"class":59},[37,134672,56],{"class":55},[37,134674,65],{"class":51},[37,134676,68],{"class":55},[37,134678,134679],{"class":59},"C",[37,134681,56],{"class":55},[37,134683,3760],{"class":51},[37,134685,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134701],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134687,92],{"class":91},[37,134689,95],{"class":51},[37,134691,6393],{"class":55},[37,134693,292],{"class":51},[37,134695,133600],{"class":102},[37,134697,95],{"class":51},[37,134699,134700],{"class":102},"chars",[37,134702,106],{"class":51},[20,134704,112],{},[28,134706,134708],{"className":30,"code":134707,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ABC\n",[15,134709,134710],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134711,134712],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134713,134707],{"class":34560},[130,134715,134717],{"id":134716},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134719,134720,134722],{},[15,134721,133523],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[307,134724,134726],{"id":134725},"this-works","This works",[28,134728,134730],{"className":30,"code":134729,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134731,134732,134764],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134733,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134735,1111],{"class":43},[37,134737,48],{"class":47},[37,134739,519],{"class":51},[37,134741,56],{"class":55},[37,134743,214],{"class":59},[37,134745,56],{"class":55},[37,134747,65],{"class":51},[37,134749,68],{"class":55},[37,134751,15863],{"class":59},[37,134753,56],{"class":55},[37,134755,65],{"class":51},[37,134757,68],{"class":55},[37,134759,36943],{"class":59},[37,134761,56],{"class":55},[37,134763,3760],{"class":51},[37,134765,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134767,92],{"class":91},[37,134769,95],{"class":51},[37,134771,56],{"class":55},[37,134773,2321],{"class":59},[37,134775,56],{"class":55},[37,134777,292],{"class":51},[37,134779,133600],{"class":102},[37,134781,95],{"class":51},[37,134783,1160],{"class":102},[37,134785,106],{"class":51},[20,134787,112],{},[28,134789,134791],{"className":30,"code":134790,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134792,134793],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134796,214],{"class":122},[37,134798,65],{"class":51},[37,134800,219],{"class":122},[37,134802,65],{"class":51},[37,134804,134805],{"class":122}," 30\n",[307,134807,134809],{"id":134808},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[28,134811,134813],{"className":30,"code":134812,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134814,134815,134835],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134816,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134818,1111],{"class":43},[37,134820,48],{"class":47},[37,134822,519],{"class":51},[37,134824,501],{"class":122},[37,134826,65],{"class":51},[37,134828,890],{"class":122},[37,134830,65],{"class":51},[37,134832,513],{"class":122},[37,134834,3760],{"class":51},[37,134836,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134838,92],{"class":91},[37,134840,95],{"class":51},[37,134842,56],{"class":55},[37,134844,2321],{"class":59},[37,134846,56],{"class":55},[37,134848,292],{"class":51},[37,134850,133600],{"class":102},[37,134852,95],{"class":51},[37,134854,1160],{"class":102},[37,134856,106],{"class":51},[20,134858,90398,134859,134861],{},[15,134860,3133],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134863,134864],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[28,134866,134868],{"className":30,"code":134867,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134869,134870,134890,134920,134924],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134871,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134873,1111],{"class":43},[37,134875,48],{"class":47},[37,134877,519],{"class":51},[37,134879,501],{"class":122},[37,134881,65],{"class":51},[37,134883,890],{"class":122},[37,134885,65],{"class":51},[37,134887,513],{"class":122},[37,134889,3760],{"class":51},[37,134891,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,134893,2362],{"class":43},[37,134895,48],{"class":47},[37,134897,68],{"class":55},[37,134899,2321],{"class":59},[37,134901,56],{"class":55},[37,134903,292],{"class":51},[37,134905,133600],{"class":102},[37,134907,95],{"class":51},[37,134909,39960],{"class":91},[37,134911,95],{"class":51},[37,134913,3569],{"class":756},[37,134915,65],{"class":51},[37,134917,4010],{"class":102},[37,134919,106],{"class":51},[37,134921,134922],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,134923,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,134925,134926,134928,134930,134932],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,134927,92],{"class":91},[37,134929,95],{"class":51},[37,134931,2397],{"class":102},[37,134933,85],{"class":51},[20,134935,112],{},[28,134937,134939],{"className":30,"code":134938,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134940,134941],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134942,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134944,501],{"class":122},[37,134946,65],{"class":51},[37,134948,890],{"class":122},[37,134950,65],{"class":51},[37,134952,2707],{"class":122},[20,134954,134955,134956,292],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[285,134957,288,134958,291],{"href":42275},[15,134959,47778],{},[307,134961,134963,134965],{"id":134962},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134964,3904],{}," values do not work directly",[28,134967,134969],{"className":30,"code":134968,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134970,134971,134999],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,134974,1111],{"class":43},[37,134976,48],{"class":47},[37,134978,519],{"class":51},[37,134980,56],{"class":55},[37,134982,329],{"class":59},[37,134984,56],{"class":55},[37,134986,65],{"class":51},[37,134988,3978],{"class":3977},[37,134990,65],{"class":51},[37,134992,68],{"class":55},[37,134994,338],{"class":59},[37,134996,56],{"class":55},[37,134998,3760],{"class":51},[37,135000,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135002,92],{"class":91},[37,135004,95],{"class":51},[37,135006,56],{"class":55},[37,135008,2321],{"class":59},[37,135010,56],{"class":55},[37,135012,292],{"class":51},[37,135014,133600],{"class":102},[37,135016,95],{"class":51},[37,135018,1160],{"class":102},[37,135020,106],{"class":51},[20,135022,135023,135024,292],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135025,3133],{},[20,135027,135028],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[28,135030,135032],{"className":30,"code":135031,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135033,135034,135062,135092,135096],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135035,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135037,1111],{"class":43},[37,135039,48],{"class":47},[37,135041,519],{"class":51},[37,135043,56],{"class":55},[37,135045,329],{"class":59},[37,135047,56],{"class":55},[37,135049,65],{"class":51},[37,135051,3978],{"class":3977},[37,135053,65],{"class":51},[37,135055,68],{"class":55},[37,135057,338],{"class":59},[37,135059,56],{"class":55},[37,135061,3760],{"class":51},[37,135063,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135065,2362],{"class":43},[37,135067,48],{"class":47},[37,135069,68],{"class":55},[37,135071,2321],{"class":59},[37,135073,56],{"class":55},[37,135075,292],{"class":51},[37,135077,133600],{"class":102},[37,135079,95],{"class":51},[37,135081,39960],{"class":91},[37,135083,95],{"class":51},[37,135085,3569],{"class":756},[37,135087,65],{"class":51},[37,135089,4010],{"class":102},[37,135091,106],{"class":51},[37,135093,135094],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,135095,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,135097,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,135099,92],{"class":91},[37,135101,95],{"class":51},[37,135103,2397],{"class":102},[37,135105,85],{"class":51},[20,135107,112],{},[28,135109,135111],{"className":30,"code":135110,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135112,135113],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135114,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135116,329],{"class":43},[37,135118,65],{"class":51},[37,135120,3978],{"class":3977},[37,135122,65],{"class":51},[37,135124,135125],{"class":43}," banana\n",[20,135127,135128,135129,135131],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135130,3904],{}," values instead of converting them.",[307,135133,135135,135137],{"id":135134},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135136,133523],{}," also works with tuples",[28,135139,135141],{"className":30,"code":135140,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135142,135143,135175],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135144,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135146,5114],{"class":43},[37,135148,48],{"class":47},[37,135150,52],{"class":51},[37,135152,56],{"class":55},[37,135154,7799],{"class":59},[37,135156,56],{"class":55},[37,135158,65],{"class":51},[37,135160,68],{"class":55},[37,135162,131529],{"class":59},[37,135164,56],{"class":55},[37,135166,65],{"class":51},[37,135168,68],{"class":55},[37,135170,8041],{"class":59},[37,135172,56],{"class":55},[37,135174,85],{"class":51},[37,135176,135177,135179,135181,135183,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135178,92],{"class":91},[37,135180,95],{"class":51},[37,135182,56],{"class":55},[37,135184,135185],{"class":59}," \u002F ",[37,135187,56],{"class":55},[37,135189,292],{"class":51},[37,135191,133600],{"class":102},[37,135193,95],{"class":51},[37,135195,5158],{"class":102},[37,135197,106],{"class":51},[20,135199,112],{},[28,135201,135203],{"className":30,"code":135202,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135204,135205],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135206,135207,135210,135212,135215,135217],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135208,135209],{"class":43},"Sam ",[37,135211,127333],{"class":47},[37,135213,135214],{"class":43}," Lee ",[37,135216,127333],{"class":47},[37,135218,22441],{"class":43},[130,135220,135222,135223],{"id":135221},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135224,133523],{},[20,135226,135227],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[307,135229,135231,135232,135234],{"id":135230},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135233,3133],{}," because not all items are strings",[28,135236,135238],{"className":30,"code":135237,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135239,135240,135268],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135241,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135243,670],{"class":43},[37,135245,48],{"class":47},[37,135247,519],{"class":51},[37,135249,56],{"class":55},[37,135251,285],{"class":59},[37,135253,56],{"class":55},[37,135255,65],{"class":51},[37,135257,890],{"class":122},[37,135259,65],{"class":51},[37,135261,68],{"class":55},[37,135263,1754],{"class":59},[37,135265,56],{"class":55},[37,135267,3760],{"class":51},[37,135269,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135271,92],{"class":91},[37,135273,95],{"class":51},[37,135275,56],{"class":55},[37,135277,68],{"class":55},[37,135279,292],{"class":51},[37,135281,133600],{"class":102},[37,135283,95],{"class":51},[37,135285,687],{"class":102},[37,135287,106],{"class":51},[20,135289,48605,135290,135292],{},[15,135291,508],{}," is an integer.",[20,135294,39363],{},[28,135296,135298],{"className":30,"code":135297,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135299,135300,135328],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135301,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135303,670],{"class":43},[37,135305,48],{"class":47},[37,135307,519],{"class":51},[37,135309,56],{"class":55},[37,135311,285],{"class":59},[37,135313,56],{"class":55},[37,135315,65],{"class":51},[37,135317,890],{"class":122},[37,135319,65],{"class":51},[37,135321,68],{"class":55},[37,135323,1754],{"class":59},[37,135325,56],{"class":55},[37,135327,3760],{"class":51},[37,135329,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135331,92],{"class":91},[37,135333,95],{"class":51},[37,135335,56],{"class":55},[37,135337,68],{"class":55},[37,135339,292],{"class":51},[37,135341,133600],{"class":102},[37,135343,95],{"class":51},[37,135345,39960],{"class":91},[37,135347,95],{"class":51},[37,135349,3569],{"class":756},[37,135351,65],{"class":51},[37,135353,6087],{"class":102},[37,135355,3041],{"class":51},[20,135357,135358,135359,292],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[285,135360,25787,135362],{"href":135361},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135363,135364],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[307,135366,135368,135369,135371],{"id":135367},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135370,133523],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135373,4645],{},[28,135375,135377],{"className":30,"code":135376,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135378,135379,135411],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135380,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135382,965],{"class":43},[37,135384,48],{"class":47},[37,135386,519],{"class":51},[37,135388,56],{"class":55},[37,135390,7418],{"class":59},[37,135392,56],{"class":55},[37,135394,65],{"class":51},[37,135396,68],{"class":55},[37,135398,12306],{"class":59},[37,135400,56],{"class":55},[37,135402,65],{"class":51},[37,135404,68],{"class":55},[37,135406,133581],{"class":59},[37,135408,56],{"class":55},[37,135410,3760],{"class":51},[37,135412,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135414,2362],{"class":43},[37,135416,48],{"class":47},[37,135418,6289],{"class":43},[37,135420,292],{"class":51},[37,135422,133600],{"class":102},[37,135424,95],{"class":51},[37,135426,56],{"class":55},[37,135428,68],{"class":55},[37,135430,85],{"class":51},[20,135432,135433,135435],{},[15,135434,133523],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135437,10923],{},[28,135439,135441],{"className":30,"code":135440,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135442,135443,135475,135495,135499],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135444,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135446,965],{"class":43},[37,135448,48],{"class":47},[37,135450,519],{"class":51},[37,135452,56],{"class":55},[37,135454,7418],{"class":59},[37,135456,56],{"class":55},[37,135458,65],{"class":51},[37,135460,68],{"class":55},[37,135462,12306],{"class":59},[37,135464,56],{"class":55},[37,135466,65],{"class":51},[37,135468,68],{"class":55},[37,135470,133581],{"class":59},[37,135472,56],{"class":55},[37,135474,3760],{"class":51},[37,135476,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135478,2362],{"class":43},[37,135480,48],{"class":47},[37,135482,68],{"class":55},[37,135484,68],{"class":55},[37,135486,292],{"class":51},[37,135488,133600],{"class":102},[37,135490,95],{"class":51},[37,135492,999],{"class":102},[37,135494,85],{"class":51},[37,135496,135497],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,135498,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,135502,92],{"class":91},[37,135504,95],{"class":51},[37,135506,2397],{"class":102},[37,135508,85],{"class":51},[307,135510,135512],{"id":135511},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[28,135514,135516],{"className":30,"code":135515,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135517,135518,135550],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135519,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135521,965],{"class":43},[37,135523,48],{"class":47},[37,135525,519],{"class":51},[37,135527,56],{"class":55},[37,135529,6706],{"class":59},[37,135531,56],{"class":55},[37,135533,65],{"class":51},[37,135535,68],{"class":55},[37,135537,79358],{"class":59},[37,135539,56],{"class":55},[37,135541,65],{"class":51},[37,135543,68],{"class":55},[37,135545,134327],{"class":59},[37,135547,56],{"class":55},[37,135549,3760],{"class":51},[37,135551,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135553,92],{"class":91},[37,135555,95],{"class":51},[37,135557,6393],{"class":55},[37,135559,292],{"class":51},[37,135561,133600],{"class":102},[37,135563,95],{"class":51},[37,135565,999],{"class":102},[37,135567,106],{"class":51},[20,135569,112],{},[28,135571,135573],{"className":30,"code":135572,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"onetwothree\n",[15,135574,135575],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135576,135577],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135578,135572],{"class":43},[20,135580,135581,135582,6752],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135583,133668],{},[307,135585,135587,135588,131791],{"id":135586},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135589,133523],{},[28,135591,135593],{"className":30,"code":135592,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135594,135595,135627,135645,135649],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135596,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135598,965],{"class":43},[37,135600,48],{"class":47},[37,135602,519],{"class":51},[37,135604,56],{"class":55},[37,135606,285],{"class":59},[37,135608,56],{"class":55},[37,135610,65],{"class":51},[37,135612,68],{"class":55},[37,135614,777],{"class":59},[37,135616,56],{"class":55},[37,135618,65],{"class":51},[37,135620,68],{"class":55},[37,135622,1754],{"class":59},[37,135624,56],{"class":55},[37,135626,3760],{"class":51},[37,135628,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135630,56],{"class":43427},[37,135632,2159],{"class":43431},[37,135634,56],{"class":43427},[37,135636,292],{"class":51},[37,135638,133600],{"class":102},[37,135640,95],{"class":51},[37,135642,999],{"class":102},[37,135644,85],{"class":51},[37,135646,135647],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,135648,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,135650,135651,135653,135655,135657],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,135652,92],{"class":91},[37,135654,95],{"class":51},[37,135656,999],{"class":102},[37,135658,85],{"class":51},[20,135660,112],{},[28,135662,135663],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,135664,135665],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135666,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135668,1067],{"class":51},[37,135670,821],{"class":55},[37,135672,285],{"class":59},[37,135674,821],{"class":55},[37,135676,65],{"class":51},[37,135678,815],{"class":55},[37,135680,777],{"class":59},[37,135682,821],{"class":55},[37,135684,65],{"class":51},[37,135686,815],{"class":55},[37,135688,1754],{"class":59},[37,135690,821],{"class":55},[37,135692,3760],{"class":51},[20,135694,135695,135696,135698],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135697,133523],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[130,135700,135702,135704,135705],{"id":135701},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135703,133523],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135706,2196],{},[20,135708,10705,135709,851,135711,135713],{},[15,135710,133523],{},[15,135712,2196],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[307,135715,22,135717,135719],{"id":135716},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135718,2196],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[28,135721,135723],{"className":30,"code":135722,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135724,135725,135738,135751,135771,135775],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135726,135727,135730,135732,135734,135736],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135728,135729],{"class":43},"first ",[37,135731,48],{"class":47},[37,135733,68],{"class":55},[37,135735,34975],{"class":59},[37,135737,3484],{"class":55},[37,135739,135740,135743,135745,135747,135749],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135741,135742],{"class":43},"second ",[37,135744,48],{"class":47},[37,135746,68],{"class":55},[37,135748,89827],{"class":59},[37,135750,3484],{"class":55},[37,135752,135753,135755,135757,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,135754,2362],{"class":43},[37,135756,48],{"class":47},[37,135758,135759],{"class":43}," first ",[37,135761,2196],{"class":47},[37,135763,68],{"class":55},[37,135765,68],{"class":55},[37,135767,2586],{"class":47},[37,135769,135770],{"class":43}," second\n",[37,135772,135773],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,135774,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,135776,135777,135779,135781,135783],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,135778,92],{"class":91},[37,135780,95],{"class":51},[37,135782,2397],{"class":102},[37,135784,85],{"class":51},[20,135786,112],{},[28,135788,135790],{"className":30,"code":135789,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Hello World\n",[15,135791,135792],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135793,135794],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135795,135789],{"class":43},[307,135797,22,135799,135801],{"id":135798},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135800,133523],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[28,135803,135805],{"className":30,"code":135804,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135806,135807,135849,135869,135873],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135808,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821,135823,135825,135828,135830,135832,135834,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135810,965],{"class":43},[37,135812,48],{"class":47},[37,135814,519],{"class":51},[37,135816,56],{"class":55},[37,135818,7418],{"class":59},[37,135820,56],{"class":55},[37,135822,65],{"class":51},[37,135824,68],{"class":55},[37,135826,135827],{"class":59},"makes",[37,135829,56],{"class":55},[37,135831,65],{"class":51},[37,135833,68],{"class":55},[37,135835,135836],{"class":59},"this",[37,135838,56],{"class":55},[37,135840,65],{"class":51},[37,135842,68],{"class":55},[37,135844,134022],{"class":59},[37,135846,56],{"class":55},[37,135848,3760],{"class":51},[37,135850,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135852,2362],{"class":43},[37,135854,48],{"class":47},[37,135856,68],{"class":55},[37,135858,68],{"class":55},[37,135860,292],{"class":51},[37,135862,133600],{"class":102},[37,135864,95],{"class":51},[37,135866,999],{"class":102},[37,135868,85],{"class":51},[37,135870,135871],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,135872,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,135874,135875,135877,135879,135881],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,135876,92],{"class":91},[37,135878,95],{"class":51},[37,135880,2397],{"class":102},[37,135882,85],{"class":51},[20,135884,112],{},[28,135886,135888],{"className":30,"code":135887,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135889,135890],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135891,135892],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135893,135887],{"class":43},[20,135895,135896,135898],{},[15,135897,133523],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[135,135900,135901,135904,135907],{},[138,135902,135903],{},"You already have a list of strings",[138,135905,135906],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[138,135908,135909,135910,135912],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135911,2196],{}," operators",[20,135914,135915,135916,292],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[285,135917,135919],{"href":135918},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[130,135921,135923],{"id":135922},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135925,8994,135926,135928],{},[15,135927,133523],{}," is not working, check these first:",[135,135930,135931,135934,135939,135948,135954],{},[138,135932,135933],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[138,135935,135936,135937],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135938,3904],{},[138,135940,135941,135942,1866,135945],{},"You may have written ",[15,135943,135944],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135946,135947],{},"string.join(...)",[138,135949,135950,135951,135953],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135952,133523],{}," to change the original iterable",[138,135955,135956],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135958,94467],{},[28,135960,135962],{"className":30,"code":135961,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135963,135964,135978,135988,136012,136052],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,135965,135966,135968,135970,135972,135974,135976],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,135967,92],{"class":91},[37,135969,95],{"class":51},[37,135971,757],{"class":756},[37,135973,95],{"class":51},[37,135975,687],{"class":102},[37,135977,106],{"class":51},[37,135979,135980,135982,135984,135986],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,135981,92],{"class":91},[37,135983,95],{"class":51},[37,135985,687],{"class":102},[37,135987,85],{"class":51},[37,135989,135990,135992,135994,135996,135998,136000,136002,136004,136006,136008,136010],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,135991,92],{"class":91},[37,135993,3115],{"class":51},[37,135995,757],{"class":756},[37,135997,95],{"class":51},[37,135999,23417],{"class":102},[37,136001,18],{"class":51},[37,136003,4002],{"class":1483},[37,136005,6082],{"class":102},[37,136007,1773],{"class":1483},[37,136009,6087],{"class":102},[37,136011,530],{"class":51},[37,136013,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030,136032,136034,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044,136046,136048,136050],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136015,92],{"class":91},[37,136017,95],{"class":51},[37,136019,821],{"class":55},[37,136021,815],{"class":55},[37,136023,292],{"class":51},[37,136025,133600],{"class":102},[37,136027,3115],{"class":51},[37,136029,821],{"class":55},[37,136031,285],{"class":59},[37,136033,821],{"class":55},[37,136035,65],{"class":51},[37,136037,815],{"class":55},[37,136039,777],{"class":59},[37,136041,821],{"class":55},[37,136043,65],{"class":51},[37,136045,815],{"class":55},[37,136047,1754],{"class":59},[37,136049,821],{"class":55},[37,136051,1073],{"class":51},[37,136053,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,136055,92],{"class":91},[37,136057,95],{"class":51},[37,136059,821],{"class":55},[37,136061,2321],{"class":59},[37,136063,821],{"class":55},[37,136065,292],{"class":51},[37,136067,133600],{"class":102},[37,136069,95],{"class":51},[37,136071,39960],{"class":91},[37,136073,95],{"class":51},[37,136075,3569],{"class":756},[37,136077,65],{"class":51},[37,136079,519],{"class":51},[37,136081,501],{"class":122},[37,136083,65],{"class":51},[37,136085,890],{"class":122},[37,136087,65],{"class":51},[37,136089,513],{"class":122},[37,136091,37367],{"class":51},[20,136093,136094],{},"What these checks do:",[135,136096,136097,136105,136111,136117,136126],{},[138,136098,136099,136102,136103,1536],{},[15,136100,136101],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136104,687],{},[138,136106,136107,136110],{},[15,136108,136109],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[138,136112,136113,136116],{},[15,136114,136115],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[138,136118,136119,136122,136123,136125],{},[15,136120,136121],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136124,133523],{}," behavior",[138,136127,136128,136131],{},[15,136129,136130],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[130,136133,1969],{"id":1968},[307,136135,1983,136137,136139],{"id":136136},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136138,133523],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136141,136142,136143,136145,136146,292],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136144,133523],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136147,136148],{},"map(str, values)",[307,136150,1983,136152,57255],{"id":136151},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136153,133523],{},[20,136155,136156],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[307,136158,28435,136160,62726],{"id":136159},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136161,133523],{},[20,136163,42252,136164,136166],{},[15,136165,133523],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[307,136168,5262,136170,40061],{"id":136169},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136171,136172],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136174,136175],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[307,136177,136179,136180,136182,136183,2623],{"id":136178},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136181,3133],{}," when using ",[15,136184,133523],{},[20,136186,136187],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[130,136189,2025],{"id":2024},[135,136191,136192,136197,136203,136209,136215],{},[138,136193,136194],{},[285,136195,136196],{"href":135918},"How to join strings in Python",[138,136198,136199],{},[285,136200,126441,136201,10856],{"href":129128},[15,136202,60622],{},[138,136204,136205],{},[285,136206,288,136207,291],{"href":42275},[15,136208,47778],{},[138,136210,136211],{},[285,136212,30455,136213],{"href":135361},[15,136214,135364],{},[138,136216,136217],{},[285,136218,125196],{"href":51068},[20,136220,97437,136221,136223],{},[15,136222,133523],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2052,136225,136226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":136228},[136229,136230,136232,136235,136242,136252,136260,136270,136277,136278,136290],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":133640,"depth":88,"text":136231},"What join() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":136233},[136234],{"id":49102,"depth":251,"text":49103},{"id":121972,"depth":88,"text":121973,"children":136236},[136237,136238,136239,136240],{"id":133987,"depth":251,"text":133988},{"id":134079,"depth":251,"text":134080},{"id":134180,"depth":251,"text":134181},{"id":134289,"depth":251,"text":136241},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134392,"depth":88,"text":134393,"children":136243},[136244,136246,136248,136250],{"id":134399,"depth":251,"text":136245},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134466,"depth":251,"text":136247},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134555,"depth":251,"text":136249},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134641,"depth":251,"text":136251},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134716,"depth":88,"text":134717,"children":136253},[136254,136255,136256,136258],{"id":134725,"depth":251,"text":134726},{"id":134808,"depth":251,"text":134809},{"id":134962,"depth":251,"text":136257},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135134,"depth":251,"text":136259},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135221,"depth":88,"text":136261,"children":136262},"Common errors with join()",[136263,136265,136267,136268],{"id":135230,"depth":251,"text":136264},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135367,"depth":251,"text":136266},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135511,"depth":251,"text":135512},{"id":135586,"depth":251,"text":136269},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135701,"depth":88,"text":136271,"children":136272},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136273,136275],{"id":135716,"depth":251,"text":136274},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135798,"depth":251,"text":136276},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135922,"depth":88,"text":135923},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":136279},[136280,136282,136284,136286,136288],{"id":136136,"depth":251,"text":136281},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136151,"depth":251,"text":136283},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136159,"depth":251,"text":136285},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136169,"depth":251,"text":136287},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136178,"depth":251,"text":136289},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133515,"description":136291},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136298,"title":136299,"body":136300,"description":137868,"extension":2099,"meta":137869,"navigation":254,"path":137870,"seo":137871,"stem":137872,"__hash__":137873},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136301,"toc":137835},[136302,136307,136312,136314,136328,136373,136380,136385,136390,136392,136408,136417,136419,136421,136436,136438,136448,136450,136512,136514,136517,136578,136580,136596,136598,136611,136614,136661,136663,136669,136672,136675,136735,136743,136829,136833,136838,136840,136854,136857,136942,136945,137003,137014,137069,137071,137078,137084,137090,137134,137137,137184,137186,137188,137195,137197,137228,137231,137233,137264,137268,137271,137273,137313,137315,137358,137364,137369,137371,137398,137403,137406,137455,137459,137462,137537,137548,137551,137608,137615,137621,137629,137634,137641,137648,137666,137668,137722,137730,137732,137737,137740,137746,137752,137757,137760,137766,137772,137779,137787,137789,137832],[10,136303,123442,136305,11437],{"id":136304},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136306,124171],{},[20,136308,123447,136309,136311],{},[15,136310,124171],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136313,24194],{},[135,136315,136316,136319,136322,136325],{},[138,136317,136318],{},"convert text to lowercase",[138,136320,136321],{},"compare text without case differences",[138,136323,136324],{},"clean up user input",[138,136326,136327],{},"make simple text matching easier",[28,136329,136331],{"className":30,"code":136330,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136332,136333,136346,136360],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136334,136335,136337,136339,136341,136344],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136336,34795],{"class":43},[37,136338,48],{"class":47},[37,136340,68],{"class":55},[37,136342,136343],{"class":59},"Hello WORLD",[37,136345,3484],{"class":55},[37,136347,136348,136350,136352,136354,136356,136358],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136349,2362],{"class":43},[37,136351,48],{"class":47},[37,136353,42940],{"class":43},[37,136355,292],{"class":51},[37,136357,8758],{"class":102},[37,136359,8761],{"class":51},[37,136361,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136363,92],{"class":91},[37,136365,95],{"class":51},[37,136367,2397],{"class":102},[37,136369,18],{"class":51},[37,136371,136372],{"class":3788},"  # hello world\n",[20,136374,136375,89050,136377,136379],{},[110,136376,83908],{},[15,136378,124171],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[130,136381,296,136383,3805],{"id":136382},"what-lower-does",[15,136384,124171],{},[20,136386,136387,136389],{},[15,136388,124171],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136391,13164],{},[135,136393,136394,136399,136402,136405],{},[138,136395,136396,136398],{},[15,136397,124171],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[138,136400,136401],{},"It works on string objects",[138,136403,136404],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[138,136406,136407],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136409,125193,136410,136414,136415,292],{},[285,136411,136413],{"href":136412},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[285,136416,51069],{"href":51068},[130,136418,159],{"id":158},[20,136420,2293],{},[28,136422,136424],{"className":30,"code":136423,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.lower()\n",[15,136425,136426],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136427,136428,136430,136432,136434],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136429,61265],{"class":43},[37,136431,292],{"class":51},[37,136433,8758],{"class":102},[37,136435,8761],{"class":51},[20,136437,43749],{},[135,136439,136440,136442,136445],{},[138,136441,97615],{},[138,136443,136444],{},"You call it directly on a string",[138,136446,136447],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136449,197],{},[28,136451,136453],{"className":30,"code":136452,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136454,136455,136478,136482,136495],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136456,136457,136459,136461,136463,136466,136468,136470,136472,136475],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136458,92],{"class":91},[37,136460,95],{"class":51},[37,136462,56],{"class":55},[37,136464,136465],{"class":59},"HELLO",[37,136467,56],{"class":55},[37,136469,292],{"class":51},[37,136471,8758],{"class":102},[37,136473,136474],{"class":51},"())",[37,136476,136477],{"class":3788},"  # hello\n",[37,136479,136480],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136481,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136483,136484,136486,136488,136490,136493],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136485,7996],{"class":43},[37,136487,48],{"class":47},[37,136489,68],{"class":55},[37,136491,136492],{"class":59},"PyThOn",[37,136494,3484],{"class":55},[37,136496,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507,136509],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136498,92],{"class":91},[37,136500,95],{"class":51},[37,136502,7790],{"class":102},[37,136504,292],{"class":51},[37,136506,8758],{"class":102},[37,136508,136474],{"class":51},[37,136510,136511],{"class":3788},"  # python\n",[130,136513,11590],{"id":11589},[20,136515,136516],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[28,136518,136520],{"className":30,"code":136519,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136521,136522,136534,136538,136553,136557,136568],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136523,136524,136526,136528,136530,136532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136525,34795],{"class":43},[37,136527,48],{"class":47},[37,136529,68],{"class":55},[37,136531,136343],{"class":59},[37,136533,3484],{"class":55},[37,136535,136536],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136537,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136539,136540,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136541,136542],{"class":43},"lower_text ",[37,136544,48],{"class":47},[37,136546,42940],{"class":43},[37,136548,292],{"class":51},[37,136550,8758],{"class":102},[37,136552,8761],{"class":51},[37,136554,136555],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136556,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136558,136559,136561,136563,136566],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,136560,92],{"class":91},[37,136562,95],{"class":51},[37,136564,136565],{"class":102},"lower_text",[37,136567,85],{"class":51},[37,136569,136570,136572,136574,136576],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,136571,92],{"class":91},[37,136573,95],{"class":51},[37,136575,34816],{"class":102},[37,136577,85],{"class":51},[20,136579,112],{},[28,136581,136583],{"className":30,"code":136582,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136584,136585,136589],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136586,136587],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136588,134457],{"class":43},[37,136590,136591,136593],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136592,131857],{"class":43},[37,136594,136595],{"class":34560},"WORLD\n",[20,136597,24714],{},[135,136599,136600,136605],{},[138,136601,136602,136604],{},[15,136603,124171],{}," returns the lowercase result",[138,136606,136607,136608,136610],{},"the original ",[15,136609,34816],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136612,136613],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[28,136615,136617],{"className":30,"code":136616,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136618,136619,136631,136645,136649],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136620,136621,136623,136625,136627,136629],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136622,34795],{"class":43},[37,136624,48],{"class":47},[37,136626,68],{"class":55},[37,136628,136343],{"class":59},[37,136630,3484],{"class":55},[37,136632,136633,136635,136637,136639,136641,136643],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136634,34795],{"class":43},[37,136636,48],{"class":47},[37,136638,42940],{"class":43},[37,136640,292],{"class":51},[37,136642,8758],{"class":102},[37,136644,8761],{"class":51},[37,136646,136647],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136648,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136650,136651,136653,136655,136657,136659],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136652,92],{"class":91},[37,136654,95],{"class":51},[37,136656,34816],{"class":102},[37,136658,18],{"class":51},[37,136660,136372],{"class":3788},[130,136662,17528],{"id":17527},[20,136664,136665,22082,136667,292],{},[15,136666,124171],{},[110,136668,61265],{},[20,136670,136671],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136673,136674],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[28,136676,136678],{"className":30,"code":136677,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136679,136680,136694,136698,136721],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136681,136682,136685,136687,136689,136692],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136683,136684],{"class":43},"answer ",[37,136686,48],{"class":47},[37,136688,68],{"class":55},[37,136690,136691],{"class":59},"YES",[37,136693,3484],{"class":55},[37,136695,136696],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136697,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136699,136700,136702,136705,136707,136709,136711,136713,136715,136717,136719],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136701,1484],{"class":1483},[37,136703,136704],{"class":43}," answer",[37,136706,292],{"class":51},[37,136708,8758],{"class":102},[37,136710,7487],{"class":51},[37,136712,1495],{"class":47},[37,136714,68],{"class":55},[37,136716,8776],{"class":59},[37,136718,56],{"class":55},[37,136720,1501],{"class":51},[37,136722,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136724,1506],{"class":91},[37,136726,95],{"class":51},[37,136728,56],{"class":55},[37,136730,96924],{"class":59},[37,136732,56],{"class":55},[37,136734,85],{"class":51},[20,136736,136737,136738,3013],{},"This is especially useful with ",[285,136739,136740,136741,2436],{"href":8337},"the ",[15,136742,3087],{},[28,136744,136746],{"className":30,"code":136745,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136747,136748,136767,136771,136793,136808,136814],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136749,136750,136752,136754,136756,136758,136760,136763,136765],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136751,136684],{"class":43},[37,136753,48],{"class":47},[37,136755,8360],{"class":91},[37,136757,95],{"class":51},[37,136759,56],{"class":55},[37,136761,136762],{"class":59},"Type yes or no: ",[37,136764,56],{"class":55},[37,136766,85],{"class":51},[37,136768,136769],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136770,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136772,136773,136775,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785,136787,136789,136791],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136774,1484],{"class":1483},[37,136776,136704],{"class":43},[37,136778,292],{"class":51},[37,136780,8758],{"class":102},[37,136782,7487],{"class":51},[37,136784,1495],{"class":47},[37,136786,68],{"class":55},[37,136788,8776],{"class":59},[37,136790,56],{"class":55},[37,136792,1501],{"class":51},[37,136794,136795,136797,136799,136801,136804,136806],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136796,1506],{"class":91},[37,136798,95],{"class":51},[37,136800,56],{"class":55},[37,136802,136803],{"class":59},"You typed yes",[37,136805,56],{"class":55},[37,136807,85],{"class":51},[37,136809,136810,136812],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,136811,27540],{"class":1483},[37,136813,1501],{"class":51},[37,136815,136816,136818,136820,136822,136825,136827],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,136817,1506],{"class":91},[37,136819,95],{"class":51},[37,136821,56],{"class":55},[37,136823,136824],{"class":59},"You typed something else",[37,136826,56],{"class":55},[37,136828,85],{"class":51},[130,136830,136832],{"id":136831},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136834,136835,136837],{},[15,136836,124171],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136839,7464],{},[135,136841,136842,136845,136848,136851],{},[138,136843,136844],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[138,136846,136847],{},"Make text matching easier",[138,136849,136850],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[138,136852,136853],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136855,136856],{},"Example: checking user input",[28,136858,136860],{"className":30,"code":136859,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136861,136862,136880,136884,136906,136921,136927],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136863,136864,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874,136876,136878],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136865,45056],{"class":43},[37,136867,48],{"class":47},[37,136869,8360],{"class":91},[37,136871,95],{"class":51},[37,136873,56],{"class":55},[37,136875,45067],{"class":59},[37,136877,56],{"class":55},[37,136879,85],{"class":51},[37,136881,136882],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136883,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136885,136886,136888,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900,136902,136904],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136887,1484],{"class":1483},[37,136889,35960],{"class":43},[37,136891,292],{"class":51},[37,136893,8758],{"class":102},[37,136895,7487],{"class":51},[37,136897,1495],{"class":47},[37,136899,68],{"class":55},[37,136901,80],{"class":59},[37,136903,56],{"class":55},[37,136905,1501],{"class":51},[37,136907,136908,136910,136912,136914,136917,136919],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136909,1506],{"class":91},[37,136911,95],{"class":51},[37,136913,56],{"class":55},[37,136915,136916],{"class":59},"Nice choice!",[37,136918,56],{"class":55},[37,136920,85],{"class":51},[37,136922,136923,136925],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,136924,27540],{"class":1483},[37,136926,1501],{"class":51},[37,136928,136929,136931,136933,136935,136938,136940],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,136930,1506],{"class":91},[37,136932,95],{"class":51},[37,136934,56],{"class":55},[37,136936,136937],{"class":59},"Got it.",[37,136939,56],{"class":55},[37,136941,85],{"class":51},[20,136943,136944],{},"Example: simple search",[28,136946,136948],{"className":30,"code":136947,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136949,136950,136963,136967,136988],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,136951,136952,136954,136956,136958,136961],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,136953,90094],{"class":43},[37,136955,48],{"class":47},[37,136957,68],{"class":55},[37,136959,136960],{"class":59},"Python Is Fun",[37,136962,3484],{"class":55},[37,136964,136965],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,136966,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,136968,136969,136971,136973,136975,136977,136979,136982,136984,136986],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,136970,1484],{"class":1483},[37,136972,68],{"class":55},[37,136974,32],{"class":59},[37,136976,56],{"class":55},[37,136978,21280],{"class":47},[37,136980,136981],{"class":43}," message",[37,136983,292],{"class":51},[37,136985,8758],{"class":102},[37,136987,21702],{"class":51},[37,136989,136990,136992,136994,136996,136999,137001],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,136991,1506],{"class":91},[37,136993,95],{"class":51},[37,136995,56],{"class":55},[37,136997,136998],{"class":59},"Found it",[37,137000,56],{"class":55},[37,137002,85],{"class":51},[20,137004,137005,137006,137008,137009,3013],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137007,124171],{}," is often used with ",[285,137010,137012],{"href":137011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137013,41753],{},[28,137015,137017],{"className":30,"code":137016,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137018,137019,137032,137051,137055],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137020,137021,137023,137025,137027,137030],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137022,7996],{"class":43},[37,137024,48],{"class":47},[37,137026,68],{"class":55},[37,137028,137029],{"class":59},"  ALICE  ",[37,137031,3484],{"class":55},[37,137033,137034,137037,137039,137041,137043,137045,137047,137049],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137035,137036],{"class":43},"clean_name ",[37,137038,48],{"class":47},[37,137040,36101],{"class":43},[37,137042,292],{"class":51},[37,137044,8752],{"class":102},[37,137046,8755],{"class":51},[37,137048,8758],{"class":102},[37,137050,8761],{"class":51},[37,137052,137053],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137054,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137056,137057,137059,137061,137064,137066],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137058,92],{"class":91},[37,137060,95],{"class":51},[37,137062,137063],{"class":102},"clean_name",[37,137065,18],{"class":51},[37,137067,137068],{"class":3788},"  # alice\n",[130,137070,15705],{"id":15704},[20,137072,137073,137074,137077],{},"Strings are ",[110,137075,137076],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137079,137080,137081,137083],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137082,124171],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137085,137086,137087,137089],{},"So this does ",[110,137088,711],{}," update the original variable:",[28,137091,137093],{"className":30,"code":137092,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137094,137095,137107,137117,137121],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137096,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137098,34795],{"class":43},[37,137100,48],{"class":47},[37,137102,68],{"class":55},[37,137104,136465],{"class":59},[37,137106,3484],{"class":55},[37,137108,137109,137111,137113,137115],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137110,34816],{"class":43},[37,137112,292],{"class":51},[37,137114,8758],{"class":102},[37,137116,8761],{"class":51},[37,137118,137119],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137120,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137122,137123,137125,137127,137129,137131],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137124,92],{"class":91},[37,137126,95],{"class":51},[37,137128,34816],{"class":102},[37,137130,18],{"class":51},[37,137132,137133],{"class":3788},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137135,137136],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[28,137138,137140],{"className":30,"code":137139,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137141,137142,137154,137168,137172],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137143,137144,137146,137148,137150,137152],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137145,34795],{"class":43},[37,137147,48],{"class":47},[37,137149,68],{"class":55},[37,137151,136465],{"class":59},[37,137153,3484],{"class":55},[37,137155,137156,137158,137160,137162,137164,137166],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137157,34795],{"class":43},[37,137159,48],{"class":47},[37,137161,42940],{"class":43},[37,137163,292],{"class":51},[37,137165,8758],{"class":102},[37,137167,8761],{"class":51},[37,137169,137170],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137171,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137173,137174,137176,137178,137180,137182],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137175,92],{"class":91},[37,137177,95],{"class":51},[37,137179,34816],{"class":102},[37,137181,18],{"class":51},[37,137183,136477],{"class":3788},[130,137185,1854],{"id":1853},[307,137187,25795],{"id":25794},[20,137189,137190,137191,1866,137193,292],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137192,8758],{},[15,137194,124171],{},[20,137196,16753],{},[28,137198,137200],{"className":30,"code":137199,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137201,137202,137214],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137203,137204,137206,137208,137210,137212],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137205,34795],{"class":43},[37,137207,48],{"class":47},[37,137209,68],{"class":55},[37,137211,136465],{"class":59},[37,137213,3484],{"class":55},[37,137215,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137217,92],{"class":91},[37,137219,95],{"class":51},[37,137221,34816],{"class":102},[37,137223,292],{"class":51},[37,137225,8758],{"class":24857},[37,137227,85],{"class":51},[20,137229,137230],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137232,16765],{},[28,137234,137236],{"className":30,"code":137235,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137237,137238,137250],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137239,137240,137242,137244,137246,137248],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137241,34795],{"class":43},[37,137243,48],{"class":47},[37,137245,68],{"class":55},[37,137247,136465],{"class":59},[37,137249,3484],{"class":55},[37,137251,137252,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137253,92],{"class":91},[37,137255,95],{"class":51},[37,137257,34816],{"class":102},[37,137259,292],{"class":51},[37,137261,8758],{"class":102},[37,137263,7315],{"class":51},[307,137265,137267],{"id":137266},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137269,137270],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137272,16753],{},[28,137274,137276],{"className":30,"code":137275,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137277,137278,137290,137300],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137279,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137281,34795],{"class":43},[37,137283,48],{"class":47},[37,137285,68],{"class":55},[37,137287,136465],{"class":59},[37,137289,3484],{"class":55},[37,137291,137292,137294,137296,137298],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137293,34816],{"class":43},[37,137295,292],{"class":51},[37,137297,8758],{"class":102},[37,137299,8761],{"class":51},[37,137301,137302,137304,137306,137308,137310],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137303,92],{"class":91},[37,137305,95],{"class":51},[37,137307,34816],{"class":102},[37,137309,18],{"class":51},[37,137311,137312],{"class":3788},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137314,16765],{},[28,137316,137318],{"className":30,"code":137317,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137319,137320,137332,137346],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137321,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137323,34795],{"class":43},[37,137325,48],{"class":47},[37,137327,68],{"class":55},[37,137329,136465],{"class":59},[37,137331,3484],{"class":55},[37,137333,137334,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137335,34795],{"class":43},[37,137337,48],{"class":47},[37,137339,42940],{"class":43},[37,137341,292],{"class":51},[37,137343,8758],{"class":102},[37,137345,8761],{"class":51},[37,137347,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137349,92],{"class":91},[37,137351,95],{"class":51},[37,137353,34816],{"class":102},[37,137355,18],{"class":51},[37,137357,136477],{"class":3788},[307,137359,1872,137361,137363],{"id":137360},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137362,124171],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137365,137366,137368],{},[15,137367,124171],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137370,16753],{},[28,137372,137374],{"className":30,"code":137373,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137375,137376,137384],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137377,137378,137380,137382],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137379,2349],{"class":43},[37,137381,48],{"class":47},[37,137383,125123],{"class":122},[37,137385,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394,137396],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137387,92],{"class":91},[37,137389,95],{"class":51},[37,137391,2372],{"class":102},[37,137393,292],{"class":51},[37,137395,8758],{"class":102},[37,137397,7315],{"class":51},[20,137399,137400,137401,33707],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137402,124171],{},[20,137404,137405],{},"You can check the type first:",[28,137407,137409],{"className":30,"code":137408,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137410,137411,137423,137427,137441],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137412,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137414,34795],{"class":43},[37,137416,48],{"class":47},[37,137418,68],{"class":55},[37,137420,136465],{"class":59},[37,137422,3484],{"class":55},[37,137424,137425],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137426,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137428,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437,137439],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137430,92],{"class":91},[37,137432,95],{"class":51},[37,137434,757],{"class":756},[37,137436,95],{"class":51},[37,137438,34816],{"class":102},[37,137440,106],{"class":51},[37,137442,137443,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137444,92],{"class":91},[37,137446,95],{"class":51},[37,137448,34816],{"class":102},[37,137450,292],{"class":51},[37,137452,8758],{"class":102},[37,137454,7315],{"class":51},[307,137456,137458],{"id":137457},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137460,137461],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[28,137463,137465],{"className":30,"code":137464,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137466,137467,137480,137484,137501,137516,137522],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137468,137469,137471,137473,137475,137478],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137470,136684],{"class":43},[37,137472,48],{"class":47},[37,137474,68],{"class":55},[37,137476,137477],{"class":59},"Yes",[37,137479,3484],{"class":55},[37,137481,137482],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137483,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137485,137486,137488,137491,137493,137495,137497,137499],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137487,1484],{"class":1483},[37,137489,137490],{"class":43}," answer ",[37,137492,4807],{"class":47},[37,137494,68],{"class":55},[37,137496,8776],{"class":59},[37,137498,56],{"class":55},[37,137500,1501],{"class":51},[37,137502,137503,137505,137507,137509,137512,137514],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137504,1506],{"class":91},[37,137506,95],{"class":51},[37,137508,56],{"class":55},[37,137510,137511],{"class":59},"Match",[37,137513,56],{"class":55},[37,137515,85],{"class":51},[37,137517,137518,137520],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,137519,27540],{"class":1483},[37,137521,1501],{"class":51},[37,137523,137524,137526,137528,137530,137533,137535],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,137525,1506],{"class":91},[37,137527,95],{"class":51},[37,137529,56],{"class":55},[37,137531,137532],{"class":59},"No match",[37,137534,56],{"class":55},[37,137536,85],{"class":51},[20,137538,29168,137539,851,137542,137545,137546,292],{},[15,137540,137541],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137543,137544],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137547,137532],{},[20,137549,137550],{},"Better:",[28,137552,137554],{"className":30,"code":137553,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137555,137556,137568,137572,137594],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137557,137558,137560,137562,137564,137566],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137559,136684],{"class":43},[37,137561,48],{"class":47},[37,137563,68],{"class":55},[37,137565,137477],{"class":59},[37,137567,3484],{"class":55},[37,137569,137570],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137571,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137573,137574,137576,137578,137580,137582,137584,137586,137588,137590,137592],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137575,1484],{"class":1483},[37,137577,136704],{"class":43},[37,137579,292],{"class":51},[37,137581,8758],{"class":102},[37,137583,7487],{"class":51},[37,137585,1495],{"class":47},[37,137587,68],{"class":55},[37,137589,8776],{"class":59},[37,137591,56],{"class":55},[37,137593,1501],{"class":51},[37,137595,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137597,1506],{"class":91},[37,137599,95],{"class":51},[37,137601,56],{"class":55},[37,137603,137511],{"class":59},[37,137605,56],{"class":55},[37,137607,85],{"class":51},[307,137609,44312,137611,137614],{"id":137610},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137612,137613],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137616,137617,137618,137620],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137619,124171],{}," is enough.",[20,137622,137623,137624,137626,137627,292],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137625,137613],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137628,124171],{},[20,137630,137631,137632,122684],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137633,124171],{},[130,137635,137637,10700,137639],{"id":137636},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137638,124171],{},[15,137640,128319],{},[20,137642,137643,851,137645,137647],{},[15,137644,124171],{},[15,137646,128319],{}," are very similar.",[135,137649,137650,137655,137660,137663],{},[138,137651,137652,137654],{},[15,137653,124171],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[138,137656,137657,137659],{},[15,137658,128319],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[138,137661,137662],{},"Both return new strings",[138,137664,137665],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137667,197],{},[28,137669,137671],{"className":30,"code":137670,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137672,137673,137685,137689,137705],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137674,137675,137677,137679,137681,137683],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137676,34795],{"class":43},[37,137678,48],{"class":47},[37,137680,68],{"class":55},[37,137682,129160],{"class":59},[37,137684,3484],{"class":55},[37,137686,137687],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137688,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,137690,137691,137693,137695,137697,137699,137701,137703],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137692,92],{"class":91},[37,137694,95],{"class":51},[37,137696,34816],{"class":102},[37,137698,292],{"class":51},[37,137700,8758],{"class":102},[37,137702,136474],{"class":51},[37,137704,136372],{"class":3788},[37,137706,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,137708,92],{"class":91},[37,137710,95],{"class":51},[37,137712,34816],{"class":102},[37,137714,292],{"class":51},[37,137716,34585],{"class":102},[37,137718,136474],{"class":51},[37,137720,137721],{"class":3788},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137723,137724,137725,292],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[285,137726,126441,137728,10856],{"href":137727},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137729,128319],{},[130,137731,1969],{"id":1968},[307,137733,1983,137735,124768],{"id":137734},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137736,124171],{},[20,137738,137739],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[307,137741,1983,137743,137745],{"id":137742},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137744,124171],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137747,137748,137749,292],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137750,137751],{},"string.lower()",[307,137753,5262,137755,12828],{"id":137754},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137756,124171],{},[20,137758,137759],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[307,137761,28435,137763,137765],{"id":137762},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137764,124171],{}," on user input?",[20,137767,137768,137769,137771],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137770,3087],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[307,137773,5300,137775,851,137777,2623],{"id":137774},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137776,124171],{},[15,137778,137613],{},[20,137780,137781,137783,137784,137786],{},[15,137782,124171],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137785,137613],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[130,137788,2025],{"id":2024},[135,137790,137791,137795,137801,137807,137813,137817,137821,137827],{},[138,137792,137793],{},[285,137794,51069],{"href":51068},[138,137796,137797],{},[285,137798,126441,137799,10856],{"href":137727},[15,137800,128319],{},[138,137802,137803],{},[285,137804,126441,137805,10856],{"href":137011},[15,137806,41753],{},[138,137808,137809],{},[285,137810,126441,137811,10856],{"href":130022},[15,137812,124612],{},[138,137814,137815],{},[285,137816,124840],{"href":123696},[138,137818,137819],{},[285,137820,90770],{"href":89779},[138,137822,137823],{},[285,137824,288,137825,291],{"href":8337},[15,137826,3087],{},[138,137828,137829],{},[285,137830,137831],{"href":136412},"What is a string in Python?",[2052,137833,137834],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":137836},[137837,137839,137840,137841,137842,137843,137844,137853,137855,137867],{"id":136382,"depth":88,"text":137838},"What lower() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":136831,"depth":88,"text":136832},{"id":15704,"depth":88,"text":15705},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":137845},[137846,137847,137848,137850,137851],{"id":25794,"depth":251,"text":25795},{"id":137266,"depth":251,"text":137267},{"id":137360,"depth":251,"text":137849},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137457,"depth":251,"text":137458},{"id":137610,"depth":251,"text":137852},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137636,"depth":88,"text":137854},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":137856},[137857,137859,137861,137863,137865],{"id":137734,"depth":251,"text":137858},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137742,"depth":251,"text":137860},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137754,"depth":251,"text":137862},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137762,"depth":251,"text":137864},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137774,"depth":251,"text":137866},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136299,"description":137868},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137875,"title":137876,"body":137877,"description":139427,"extension":2099,"meta":139428,"navigation":254,"path":139429,"seo":139430,"stem":139431,"__hash__":139432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137878,"toc":139388},[137879,137884,137889,137895,137910,137912,137972,137974,137983,137989,137994,137999,138001,138015,138019,138021,138068,138070,138088,138090,138093,138164,138166,138180,138183,138195,138204,138208,138213,138218,138222,138288,138290,138299,138303,138368,138370,138379,138382,138387,138391,138396,138400,138461,138463,138472,138476,138479,138535,138537,138546,138549,138562,138564,138568,138575,138637,138639,138652,138658,138661,138668,138673,138678,138681,138689,138691,138752,138754,138763,138766,138813,138816,138863,138865,138870,138887,138894,138899,138952,138954,138962,138964,139021,139023,139031,139035,139082,139084,139092,139100,139104,139152,139154,139163,139168,139219,139221,139230,139237,139240,139261,139263,139268,139271,139275,139278,139282,139285,139312,139318,139321,139348,139353,139355,139357,139385],[10,137880,123442,137882,11437],{"id":137881},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137883,124612],{},[20,137885,123447,137886,137888],{},[15,137887,124612],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137890,137891,137892,137894],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137893,124612],{},". You will learn:",[135,137896,137897,137901,137904,137907],{},[138,137898,1957,137899,3805],{},[15,137900,124612],{},[138,137902,137903],{},"how its syntax works",[138,137905,137906],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[138,137908,137909],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[130,137911,2140],{"id":2139},[28,137913,137915],{"className":30,"code":137914,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137916,137917,137930,137962],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137918,137919,137921,137923,137925,137928],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137920,34795],{"class":43},[37,137922,48],{"class":47},[37,137924,68],{"class":55},[37,137926,137927],{"class":59},"I like cats",[37,137929,3484],{"class":55},[37,137931,137932,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137949,137951,137953,137955,137958,137960],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,137933,130280],{"class":43},[37,137935,48],{"class":47},[37,137937,42940],{"class":43},[37,137939,292],{"class":51},[37,137941,35107],{"class":102},[37,137943,95],{"class":51},[37,137945,56],{"class":55},[37,137947,137948],{"class":59},"cats",[37,137950,56],{"class":55},[37,137952,65],{"class":51},[37,137954,68],{"class":55},[37,137956,137957],{"class":59},"dogs",[37,137959,56],{"class":55},[37,137961,85],{"class":51},[37,137963,137964,137966,137968,137970],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,137965,92],{"class":91},[37,137967,95],{"class":51},[37,137969,130311],{"class":102},[37,137971,85],{"class":51},[20,137973,112],{},[28,137975,137977],{"className":30,"code":137976,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"I like dogs\n",[15,137978,137979],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,137980,137981],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,137982,137976],{"class":43},[20,137984,22,137985,137988],{},[15,137986,137987],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[130,137990,296,137992,3805],{"id":137991},"what-replace-does",[15,137993,124612],{},[20,137995,137996,137998],{},[15,137997,124612],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138000,13164],{},[135,138002,138003,138005,138007,138010],{},[138,138004,133689],{},[138,138006,136407],{},[138,138008,138009],{},"It works on exact matches",[138,138011,138012,138013],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138014,265],{},[20,138016,125193,138017,292],{},[285,138018,125196],{"href":51068},[130,138020,5552],{"id":5551},[28,138022,138024],{"className":30,"code":138023,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138025,138026,138046],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138027,138028,138030,138032,138034,138036,138039,138041,138044],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138029,61265],{"class":43},[37,138031,292],{"class":51},[37,138033,35107],{"class":102},[37,138035,95],{"class":51},[37,138037,138038],{"class":102},"old",[37,138040,65],{"class":51},[37,138042,138043],{"class":102}," new",[37,138045,85],{"class":51},[37,138047,138048,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064,138066],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138049,61265],{"class":43},[37,138051,292],{"class":51},[37,138053,35107],{"class":102},[37,138055,95],{"class":51},[37,138057,138038],{"class":102},[37,138059,65],{"class":51},[37,138061,138043],{"class":102},[37,138063,65],{"class":51},[37,138065,49695],{"class":102},[37,138067,85],{"class":51},[307,138069,17504],{"id":17503},[135,138071,138072,138077,138083],{},[138,138073,138074,138076],{},[15,138075,138038],{}," = the text to find",[138,138078,138079,138082],{},[15,138080,138081],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[138,138084,138085,138087],{},[15,138086,265],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[130,138089,5909],{"id":5908},[20,138091,138092],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[28,138094,138096],{"className":30,"code":138095,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138097,138098,138110,138140,138144,138154],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138099,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138101,34795],{"class":43},[37,138103,48],{"class":47},[37,138105,68],{"class":55},[37,138107,137927],{"class":59},[37,138109,3484],{"class":55},[37,138111,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138113,130280],{"class":43},[37,138115,48],{"class":47},[37,138117,42940],{"class":43},[37,138119,292],{"class":51},[37,138121,35107],{"class":102},[37,138123,95],{"class":51},[37,138125,56],{"class":55},[37,138127,137948],{"class":59},[37,138129,56],{"class":55},[37,138131,65],{"class":51},[37,138133,68],{"class":55},[37,138135,137957],{"class":59},[37,138137,56],{"class":55},[37,138139,85],{"class":51},[37,138141,138142],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138143,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138145,138146,138148,138150,138152],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138147,92],{"class":91},[37,138149,95],{"class":51},[37,138151,34816],{"class":102},[37,138153,85],{"class":51},[37,138155,138156,138158,138160,138162],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,138157,92],{"class":91},[37,138159,95],{"class":51},[37,138161,130311],{"class":102},[37,138163,85],{"class":51},[20,138165,112],{},[28,138167,138169],{"className":30,"code":138168,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138170,138171,138176],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138172,138173],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138174,138175],{"class":43},"I like cats\n",[37,138177,138178],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138179,137976],{"class":43},[20,138181,138182],{},"Notice what happened:",[135,138184,138185,138190],{},[138,138186,138187,138189],{},[15,138188,34816],{}," did not change",[138,138191,138192,138194],{},[15,138193,130311],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138196,138197,138198,138200,138201,138203],{},"This happens because strings are ",[110,138199,137076],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138202,124612],{}," return a new string instead.",[130,138205,138207],{"id":138206},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138209,89788,138210,138212],{},[15,138211,124612],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138214,138215,138216,36723],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138217,265],{},[307,138219,138221],{"id":138220},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[28,138223,138225],{"className":30,"code":138224,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138226,138227,138240,138274,138278],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138228,138229,138231,138233,138235,138238],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138230,34795],{"class":43},[37,138232,48],{"class":47},[37,138234,68],{"class":55},[37,138236,138237],{"class":59},"cat cat cat",[37,138239,3484],{"class":55},[37,138241,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138243,2362],{"class":43},[37,138245,48],{"class":47},[37,138247,42940],{"class":43},[37,138249,292],{"class":51},[37,138251,35107],{"class":102},[37,138253,95],{"class":51},[37,138255,56],{"class":55},[37,138257,37149],{"class":59},[37,138259,56],{"class":55},[37,138261,65],{"class":51},[37,138263,68],{"class":55},[37,138265,58219],{"class":59},[37,138267,56],{"class":55},[37,138269,65],{"class":51},[37,138271,5619],{"class":122},[37,138273,85],{"class":51},[37,138275,138276],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138277,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138279,138280,138282,138284,138286],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138281,92],{"class":91},[37,138283,95],{"class":51},[37,138285,2397],{"class":102},[37,138287,85],{"class":51},[20,138289,112],{},[28,138291,138293],{"className":30,"code":138292,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138294,138295],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138296,138297],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138298,138292],{"class":43},[307,138300,138302],{"id":138301},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[28,138304,138306],{"className":30,"code":138305,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138307,138308,138320,138354,138358],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138309,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138311,34795],{"class":43},[37,138313,48],{"class":47},[37,138315,68],{"class":55},[37,138317,138237],{"class":59},[37,138319,3484],{"class":55},[37,138321,138322,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138323,2362],{"class":43},[37,138325,48],{"class":47},[37,138327,42940],{"class":43},[37,138329,292],{"class":51},[37,138331,35107],{"class":102},[37,138333,95],{"class":51},[37,138335,56],{"class":55},[37,138337,37149],{"class":59},[37,138339,56],{"class":55},[37,138341,65],{"class":51},[37,138343,68],{"class":55},[37,138345,58219],{"class":59},[37,138347,56],{"class":55},[37,138349,65],{"class":51},[37,138351,890],{"class":122},[37,138353,85],{"class":51},[37,138355,138356],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138357,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138359,138360,138362,138364,138366],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138361,92],{"class":91},[37,138363,95],{"class":51},[37,138365,2397],{"class":102},[37,138367,85],{"class":51},[20,138369,112],{},[28,138371,138373],{"className":30,"code":138372,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138374,138375],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138376,138377],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138378,138372],{"class":43},[20,138380,138381],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138383,138384,138385,292],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[285,138386,128165],{"href":124609},[130,138388,138390],{"id":138389},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138392,138393,138395],{},[15,138394,124612],{}," can also change single characters.",[307,138397,138399],{"id":138398},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[28,138401,138403],{"className":30,"code":138402,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138404,138405,138417,138447,138451],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138406,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138408,34795],{"class":43},[37,138410,48],{"class":47},[37,138412,68],{"class":55},[37,138414,338],{"class":59},[37,138416,3484],{"class":55},[37,138418,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138420,2362],{"class":43},[37,138422,48],{"class":47},[37,138424,42940],{"class":43},[37,138426,292],{"class":51},[37,138428,35107],{"class":102},[37,138430,95],{"class":51},[37,138432,56],{"class":55},[37,138434,285],{"class":59},[37,138436,56],{"class":55},[37,138438,65],{"class":51},[37,138440,68],{"class":55},[37,138442,60564],{"class":59},[37,138444,56],{"class":55},[37,138446,85],{"class":51},[37,138448,138449],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138450,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138452,138453,138455,138457,138459],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138454,92],{"class":91},[37,138456,95],{"class":51},[37,138458,2397],{"class":102},[37,138460,85],{"class":51},[20,138462,112],{},[28,138464,138466],{"className":30,"code":138465,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"bonono\n",[15,138467,138468],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138469,138470],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138471,138465],{"class":43},[307,138473,138475],{"id":138474},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138477,138478],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[28,138480,138482],{"className":30,"code":138481,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138483,138484,138497,138521,138525],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138485,138486,138488,138490,138492,138495],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138487,34795],{"class":43},[37,138489,48],{"class":47},[37,138491,68],{"class":55},[37,138493,138494],{"class":59},"a b c",[37,138496,3484],{"class":55},[37,138498,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138500,2362],{"class":43},[37,138502,48],{"class":47},[37,138504,42940],{"class":43},[37,138506,292],{"class":51},[37,138508,35107],{"class":102},[37,138510,95],{"class":51},[37,138512,56],{"class":55},[37,138514,68],{"class":55},[37,138516,65],{"class":51},[37,138518,6247],{"class":55},[37,138520,85],{"class":51},[37,138522,138523],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138524,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138526,138527,138529,138531,138533],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138528,92],{"class":91},[37,138530,95],{"class":51},[37,138532,2397],{"class":102},[37,138534,85],{"class":51},[20,138536,112],{},[28,138538,138540],{"className":30,"code":138539,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"abc\n",[15,138541,138542],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138543,138544],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138545,138539],{"class":43},[20,138547,138548],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138550,138551,138552,138556,138557,138561],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[285,138553,126441,138554,10856],{"href":129128},[15,138555,60622],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[285,138558,126441,138559,10856],{"href":137011},[15,138560,41753],{}," is often a better choice.",[130,138563,124088],{"id":124087},[20,138565,138566,123899],{},[15,138567,124612],{},[20,138569,127486,138570,851,138572,127493],{},[15,138571,113126],{},[15,138573,138574],{},"\"Cat\"",[28,138576,138578],{"className":30,"code":138577,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138579,138580,138593,138623,138627],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138581,138582,138584,138586,138588,138591],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138583,34795],{"class":43},[37,138585,48],{"class":47},[37,138587,68],{"class":55},[37,138589,138590],{"class":59},"Cat cat CAT",[37,138592,3484],{"class":55},[37,138594,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603,138605,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138596,2362],{"class":43},[37,138598,48],{"class":47},[37,138600,42940],{"class":43},[37,138602,292],{"class":51},[37,138604,35107],{"class":102},[37,138606,95],{"class":51},[37,138608,56],{"class":55},[37,138610,37149],{"class":59},[37,138612,56],{"class":55},[37,138614,65],{"class":51},[37,138616,68],{"class":55},[37,138618,58219],{"class":59},[37,138620,56],{"class":55},[37,138622,85],{"class":51},[37,138624,138625],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138626,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138628,138629,138631,138633,138635],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138630,92],{"class":91},[37,138632,95],{"class":51},[37,138634,2397],{"class":102},[37,138636,85],{"class":51},[20,138638,112],{},[28,138640,138642],{"className":30,"code":138641,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138643,138644],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138645,138646,138649],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138647,138648],{"class":43},"Cat dog ",[37,138650,138651],{"class":34560},"CAT\n",[20,138653,138654,138655,138657],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138656,113126],{}," was replaced.",[20,138659,138660],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138662,138663,138664,292],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[285,138665,126441,138666,10856],{"href":124168},[15,138667,124171],{},[130,138669,296,138671,149],{"id":138670},"what-replace-returns",[15,138672,124612],{},[20,138674,138675,138677],{},[15,138676,124612],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138679,138680],{},"If no match is found:",[135,138682,138683,138686],{},[138,138684,138685],{},"no error happens",[138,138687,138688],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138690,197],{},[28,138692,138694],{"className":30,"code":138693,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138695,138696,138708,138738,138742],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138697,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138699,34795],{"class":43},[37,138701,48],{"class":47},[37,138703,68],{"class":55},[37,138705,3970],{"class":59},[37,138707,3484],{"class":55},[37,138709,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138711,2362],{"class":43},[37,138713,48],{"class":47},[37,138715,42940],{"class":43},[37,138717,292],{"class":51},[37,138719,35107],{"class":102},[37,138721,95],{"class":51},[37,138723,56],{"class":55},[37,138725,900],{"class":59},[37,138727,56],{"class":55},[37,138729,65],{"class":51},[37,138731,68],{"class":55},[37,138733,909],{"class":59},[37,138735,56],{"class":55},[37,138737,85],{"class":51},[37,138739,138740],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138741,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,138743,138744,138746,138748,138750],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,138745,92],{"class":91},[37,138747,95],{"class":51},[37,138749,2397],{"class":102},[37,138751,85],{"class":51},[20,138753,112],{},[28,138755,138757],{"className":30,"code":138756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"hello\n",[15,138758,138759],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138760,138761],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138762,138756],{"class":43},[20,138764,138765],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[28,138767,138769],{"className":30,"code":138768,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138770,138771,138783],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138772,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138774,34795],{"class":43},[37,138776,48],{"class":47},[37,138778,68],{"class":55},[37,138780,60497],{"class":59},[37,138782,3484],{"class":55},[37,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809,138811],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138786,130280],{"class":43},[37,138788,48],{"class":47},[37,138790,42940],{"class":43},[37,138792,292],{"class":51},[37,138794,35107],{"class":102},[37,138796,95],{"class":51},[37,138798,56],{"class":55},[37,138800,60682],{"class":59},[37,138802,56],{"class":55},[37,138804,65],{"class":51},[37,138806,68],{"class":55},[37,138808,7418],{"class":59},[37,138810,56],{"class":55},[37,138812,85],{"class":51},[20,138814,138815],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[28,138817,138819],{"className":30,"code":138818,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138820,138821,138833],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138822,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138824,34795],{"class":43},[37,138826,48],{"class":47},[37,138828,68],{"class":55},[37,138830,60497],{"class":59},[37,138832,3484],{"class":55},[37,138834,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138836,34795],{"class":43},[37,138838,48],{"class":47},[37,138840,42940],{"class":43},[37,138842,292],{"class":51},[37,138844,35107],{"class":102},[37,138846,95],{"class":51},[37,138848,56],{"class":55},[37,138850,60682],{"class":59},[37,138852,56],{"class":55},[37,138854,65],{"class":51},[37,138856,68],{"class":55},[37,138858,7418],{"class":59},[37,138860,56],{"class":55},[37,138862,85],{"class":51},[130,138864,155],{"id":4638},[20,138866,138867,138868,3013],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138869,124612],{},[135,138871,138872,138875,138879,138882],{},[138,138873,138874],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[138,138876,1880,138877,131661],{},[15,138878,124612],{},[138,138880,138881],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[138,138883,37306,138884,138886],{},[15,138885,124612],{}," with regex-based replacements",[307,138888,138890,138891,138893],{"id":138889},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138892,124612],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138895,138896,138897,3013],{},"This does not update ",[15,138898,34816],{},[28,138900,138902],{"className":30,"code":138901,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138903,138904,138916,138942],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138905,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138907,34795],{"class":43},[37,138909,48],{"class":47},[37,138911,68],{"class":55},[37,138913,137927],{"class":59},[37,138915,3484],{"class":55},[37,138917,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138919,34816],{"class":43},[37,138921,292],{"class":51},[37,138923,35107],{"class":102},[37,138925,95],{"class":51},[37,138927,56],{"class":55},[37,138929,137948],{"class":59},[37,138931,56],{"class":55},[37,138933,65],{"class":51},[37,138935,68],{"class":55},[37,138937,137957],{"class":59},[37,138939,56],{"class":55},[37,138941,85],{"class":51},[37,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,138945,92],{"class":91},[37,138947,95],{"class":51},[37,138949,34816],{"class":102},[37,138951,85],{"class":51},[20,138953,112],{},[28,138955,138956],{"className":30,"code":138175,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,138957,138958],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138959,138960],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138961,138175],{"class":43},[20,138963,10923],{},[28,138965,138967],{"className":30,"code":138966,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138968,138969,138981,139011],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,138970,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,138972,34795],{"class":43},[37,138974,48],{"class":47},[37,138976,68],{"class":55},[37,138978,137927],{"class":59},[37,138980,3484],{"class":55},[37,138982,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,138984,34795],{"class":43},[37,138986,48],{"class":47},[37,138988,42940],{"class":43},[37,138990,292],{"class":51},[37,138992,35107],{"class":102},[37,138994,95],{"class":51},[37,138996,56],{"class":55},[37,138998,137948],{"class":59},[37,139000,56],{"class":55},[37,139002,65],{"class":51},[37,139004,68],{"class":55},[37,139006,137957],{"class":59},[37,139008,56],{"class":55},[37,139010,85],{"class":51},[37,139012,139013,139015,139017,139019],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,139014,92],{"class":91},[37,139016,95],{"class":51},[37,139018,34816],{"class":102},[37,139020,85],{"class":51},[20,139022,112],{},[28,139024,139025],{"className":30,"code":137976,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,139026,139027],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139028,139029],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139030,137976],{"class":43},[307,139032,139034],{"id":139033},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[28,139036,139038],{"className":30,"code":139037,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139039,139040,139052],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139041,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139043,34795],{"class":43},[37,139045,48],{"class":47},[37,139047,68],{"class":55},[37,139049,34975],{"class":59},[37,139051,3484],{"class":55},[37,139053,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139055,92],{"class":91},[37,139057,95],{"class":51},[37,139059,34816],{"class":102},[37,139061,292],{"class":51},[37,139063,35107],{"class":102},[37,139065,95],{"class":51},[37,139067,56],{"class":55},[37,139069,3970],{"class":59},[37,139071,56],{"class":55},[37,139073,65],{"class":51},[37,139075,68],{"class":55},[37,139077,90023],{"class":59},[37,139079,56],{"class":55},[37,139081,106],{"class":51},[20,139083,112],{},[28,139085,139086],{"className":30,"code":89036,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,139087,139088],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139089,139090],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139091,89036],{"class":43},[20,139093,139094,139095,851,139097,139099],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139096,64625],{},[15,139098,90505],{}," are not the same.",[307,139101,139103],{"id":139102},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[28,139105,139107],{"className":30,"code":139106,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139108,139109,139122],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139110,139111,139113,139115,139117,139120],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139112,34795],{"class":43},[37,139114,48],{"class":47},[37,139116,68],{"class":55},[37,139118,139119],{"class":59},"red red red",[37,139121,3484],{"class":55},[37,139123,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139125,92],{"class":91},[37,139127,95],{"class":51},[37,139129,34816],{"class":102},[37,139131,292],{"class":51},[37,139133,35107],{"class":102},[37,139135,95],{"class":51},[37,139137,56],{"class":55},[37,139139,60],{"class":59},[37,139141,56],{"class":55},[37,139143,65],{"class":51},[37,139145,68],{"class":55},[37,139147,80],{"class":59},[37,139149,56],{"class":55},[37,139151,106],{"class":51},[20,139153,112],{},[28,139155,139157],{"className":30,"code":139156,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139158,139159],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139160,139161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139162,139156],{"class":43},[20,139164,139165,139166,3013],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139167,265],{},[28,139169,139171],{"className":30,"code":139170,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139172,139173,139185],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139174,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139176,34795],{"class":43},[37,139178,48],{"class":47},[37,139180,68],{"class":55},[37,139182,139119],{"class":59},[37,139184,3484],{"class":55},[37,139186,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139188,92],{"class":91},[37,139190,95],{"class":51},[37,139192,34816],{"class":102},[37,139194,292],{"class":51},[37,139196,35107],{"class":102},[37,139198,95],{"class":51},[37,139200,56],{"class":55},[37,139202,60],{"class":59},[37,139204,56],{"class":55},[37,139206,65],{"class":51},[37,139208,68],{"class":55},[37,139210,80],{"class":59},[37,139212,56],{"class":55},[37,139214,65],{"class":51},[37,139216,5619],{"class":122},[37,139218,106],{"class":51},[20,139220,112],{},[28,139222,139224],{"className":30,"code":139223,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"blue red red\n",[15,139225,139226],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139227,139228],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139229,139223],{"class":43},[307,139231,139233,139234,139236],{"id":139232},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139235,124612],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139238,139239],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[135,139241,139242,139249,139256],{},[138,139243,22,139244,139248],{},[285,139245,139246],{"href":129128},[15,139247,60622],{}," to break a string into a list",[138,139250,22,139251,139255],{},[285,139252,139253],{"href":137011},[15,139254,41753],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[138,139257,22,139258,139260],{},[15,139259,124612],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[130,139262,1969],{"id":1968},[307,139264,1983,139266,124768],{"id":139265},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139267,124612],{},[20,139269,139270],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[307,139272,139274],{"id":139273},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139276,139277],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[307,139279,139281],{"id":139280},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139283,139284],{},"Use the third argument:",[28,139286,139288],{"className":30,"code":139287,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139289,139290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139291,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139293,34816],{"class":43},[37,139295,292],{"class":51},[37,139297,35107],{"class":102},[37,139299,95],{"class":51},[37,139301,138038],{"class":102},[37,139303,65],{"class":51},[37,139305,138043],{"class":102},[37,139307,65],{"class":51},[37,139309,5619],{"class":122},[37,139311,85],{"class":51},[307,139313,5290,139315,139317],{"id":139314},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139316,124612],{}," remove text?",[20,139319,139320],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[28,139322,139324],{"className":30,"code":139323,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139325,139326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139327,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139329,34816],{"class":43},[37,139331,292],{"class":51},[37,139333,35107],{"class":102},[37,139335,95],{"class":51},[37,139337,56],{"class":55},[37,139339,900],{"class":59},[37,139341,56],{"class":55},[37,139343,65],{"class":51},[37,139345,6247],{"class":55},[37,139347,85],{"class":51},[307,139349,15013,139351,124777],{"id":139350},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139352,124612],{},[20,139354,129970],{},[130,139356,2025],{"id":2024},[135,139358,139359,139363,139369,139375,139381],{},[138,139360,139361],{},[285,139362,124847],{"href":124609},[138,139364,139365],{},[285,139366,126441,139367,10856],{"href":129128},[15,139368,60622],{},[138,139370,139371],{},[285,139372,126441,139373,10856],{"href":137011},[15,139374,41753],{},[138,139376,139377],{},[285,139378,126441,139379,10856],{"href":124168},[15,139380,124171],{},[138,139382,139383],{},[285,139384,125196],{"href":51068},[2052,139386,139387],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":139389},[139390,139391,139393,139396,139397,139401,139405,139406,139408,139416,139426],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":137991,"depth":88,"text":139392},"What replace() does",{"id":5551,"depth":88,"text":5552,"children":139394},[139395],{"id":17503,"depth":251,"text":17504},{"id":5908,"depth":88,"text":5909},{"id":138206,"depth":88,"text":138207,"children":139398},[139399,139400],{"id":138220,"depth":251,"text":138221},{"id":138301,"depth":251,"text":138302},{"id":138389,"depth":88,"text":138390,"children":139402},[139403,139404],{"id":138398,"depth":251,"text":138399},{"id":138474,"depth":251,"text":138475},{"id":124087,"depth":88,"text":124088},{"id":138670,"depth":88,"text":139407},"What replace() returns",{"id":4638,"depth":88,"text":155,"children":139409},[139410,139412,139413,139414],{"id":138889,"depth":251,"text":139411},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139033,"depth":251,"text":139034},{"id":139102,"depth":251,"text":139103},{"id":139232,"depth":251,"text":139415},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":139417},[139418,139420,139421,139422,139424],{"id":139265,"depth":251,"text":139419},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139273,"depth":251,"text":139274},{"id":139280,"depth":251,"text":139281},{"id":139314,"depth":251,"text":139423},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139350,"depth":251,"text":139425},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137876,"description":139427},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139434,"title":139435,"body":139436,"description":141455,"extension":2099,"meta":141456,"navigation":254,"path":141457,"seo":141458,"stem":141459,"__hash__":141460},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139437,"toc":141419},[139438,139443,139448,139451,139462,139464,139519,139524,139529,139536,139538,139553,139555,139611,139613,139651,139656,139658,139682,139685,139698,139703,139705,139737,139739,139772,139778,139783,139786,139796,139799,139801,139857,139859,139909,139912,139920,139923,139979,139981,140054,140067,140075,140079,140090,140093,140096,140149,140151,140183,140186,140240,140242,140277,140280,140285,140290,140295,140298,140300,140358,140360,140394,140396,140411,140414,140416,140458,140460,140486,140491,140499,140502,140504,140586,140588,140639,140642,140653,140661,140663,140736,140738,140756,140760,140763,140767,140794,140796,140804,140808,140843,140845,140858,140862,140865,140904,140906,140923,140928,140933,140944,140947,140958,140960,140962,140988,140991,141040,141042,141059,141062,141064,141116,141118,141150,141153,141211,141216,141218,141223,141326,141328,141342,141344,141351,141356,141361,141366,141371,141376,141379,141383,141388,141390,141416],[10,139439,123442,139441,11437],{"id":139440},"python-string-split-method",[15,139442,60622],{},[20,139444,123447,139445,139447],{},[15,139446,60622],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139449,139450],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[135,139452,139453,139456,139459],{},[138,139454,139455],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[138,139457,139458],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[138,139460,139461],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[130,139463,2140],{"id":2139},[28,139465,139467],{"className":30,"code":139466,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139468,139469,139482,139504,139514],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139470,139471,139473,139475,139477,139480],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139472,34795],{"class":43},[37,139474,48],{"class":47},[37,139476,68],{"class":55},[37,139478,139479],{"class":59},"apple,banana,cherry",[37,139481,3484],{"class":55},[37,139483,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139485,42935],{"class":43},[37,139487,48],{"class":47},[37,139489,42940],{"class":43},[37,139491,292],{"class":51},[37,139493,34576],{"class":102},[37,139495,95],{"class":51},[37,139497,56],{"class":55},[37,139499,65],{"class":59},[37,139501,56],{"class":55},[37,139503,85],{"class":51},[37,139505,139506,139508,139510,139512],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,139507,92],{"class":91},[37,139509,95],{"class":51},[37,139511,42967],{"class":102},[37,139513,85],{"class":51},[37,139515,139516],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,139517,139518],{"class":3788},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139520,22,139521,139523],{},[15,139522,60622],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[130,139525,296,139527,3805],{"id":139526},"what-split-does",[15,139528,60622],{},[20,139530,139531,132489,139533,292],{},[15,139532,60622],{},[110,139534,139535],{},"string method",[20,139537,49021],{},[135,139539,139540,139543,139548],{},[138,139541,139542],{},"divides a string into parts",[138,139544,119744,139545],{},[110,139546,139547],{},"new list of strings",[138,139549,119750,139550,139552],{},[110,139551,711],{}," change the original string",[20,139554,197],{},[28,139556,139558],{"className":30,"code":139557,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139559,139560,139573,139587,139591,139601],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139561,139562,139564,139566,139568,139571],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139563,34795],{"class":43},[37,139565,48],{"class":47},[37,139567,68],{"class":55},[37,139569,139570],{"class":59},"red blue green",[37,139572,3484],{"class":55},[37,139574,139575,139577,139579,139581,139583,139585],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139576,42935],{"class":43},[37,139578,48],{"class":47},[37,139580,42940],{"class":43},[37,139582,292],{"class":51},[37,139584,34576],{"class":102},[37,139586,8761],{"class":51},[37,139588,139589],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,139590,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,139592,139593,139595,139597,139599],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,139594,92],{"class":91},[37,139596,95],{"class":51},[37,139598,34816],{"class":102},[37,139600,85],{"class":51},[37,139602,139603,139605,139607,139609],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,139604,92],{"class":91},[37,139606,95],{"class":51},[37,139608,42967],{"class":102},[37,139610,85],{"class":51},[20,139612,112],{},[28,139614,139616],{"className":30,"code":139615,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139617,139618,139623],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139619,139620],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139621,139622],{"class":43},"red blue green\n",[37,139624,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139626,1067],{"class":51},[37,139628,821],{"class":55},[37,139630,60],{"class":59},[37,139632,821],{"class":55},[37,139634,65],{"class":51},[37,139636,815],{"class":55},[37,139638,80],{"class":59},[37,139640,821],{"class":55},[37,139642,65],{"class":51},[37,139644,815],{"class":55},[37,139646,71],{"class":59},[37,139648,821],{"class":55},[37,139650,3760],{"class":51},[20,139652,139653,139654,292],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[285,139655,125196],{"href":51068},[130,139657,159],{"id":158},[28,139659,139661],{"className":30,"code":139660,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139662,139663],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139680],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139666,61265],{"class":43},[37,139668,292],{"class":51},[37,139670,34576],{"class":102},[37,139672,95],{"class":51},[37,139674,133845],{"class":102},[37,139676,65],{"class":51},[37,139678,139679],{"class":102}," maxsplit",[37,139681,85],{"class":51},[20,139683,139684],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[135,139686,139687,139692],{},[138,139688,139689,139691],{},[15,139690,133845],{}," tells Python where to split",[138,139693,139694,139697],{},[15,139695,139696],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139699,8994,139700,139702],{},[15,139701,133845],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139704,197],{},[28,139706,139708],{"className":30,"code":139707,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139709,139710,139723],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139711,139712,139714,139716,139718,139721],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139713,34795],{"class":43},[37,139715,48],{"class":47},[37,139717,68],{"class":55},[37,139719,139720],{"class":59},"one two three",[37,139722,3484],{"class":55},[37,139724,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139726,92],{"class":91},[37,139728,95],{"class":51},[37,139730,34816],{"class":102},[37,139732,292],{"class":51},[37,139734,34576],{"class":102},[37,139736,7315],{"class":51},[20,139738,112],{},[28,139740,139742],{"className":30,"code":139741,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139743,139744],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139745,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139747,1067],{"class":51},[37,139749,821],{"class":55},[37,139751,6706],{"class":59},[37,139753,821],{"class":55},[37,139755,65],{"class":51},[37,139757,815],{"class":55},[37,139759,79358],{"class":59},[37,139761,821],{"class":55},[37,139763,65],{"class":51},[37,139765,815],{"class":55},[37,139767,134327],{"class":59},[37,139769,821],{"class":55},[37,139771,3760],{"class":51},[130,139773,1872,139775,139777],{"id":139774},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139776,60622],{}," with no separator",[20,139779,70261,139780,139782],{},[15,139781,60622],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139784,139785],{},"Whitespace includes:",[135,139787,139788,139790,139793],{},[138,139789,10566],{},[138,139791,139792],{},"tabs",[138,139794,139795],{},"new lines",[20,139797,139798],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139800,197],{},[28,139802,139804],{"className":30,"code":139803,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139805,139806,139829,139843,139847],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139807,139808,139810,139812,139814,139817,139820,139822,139824,139827],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139809,34795],{"class":43},[37,139811,48],{"class":47},[37,139813,68],{"class":55},[37,139815,139816],{"class":59},"Python   is",[37,139818,139819],{"class":34560},"\\t",[37,139821,133581],{"class":59},[37,139823,87240],{"class":34560},[37,139825,139826],{"class":59},"and useful",[37,139828,3484],{"class":55},[37,139830,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139832,42935],{"class":43},[37,139834,48],{"class":47},[37,139836,42940],{"class":43},[37,139838,292],{"class":51},[37,139840,34576],{"class":102},[37,139842,8761],{"class":51},[37,139844,139845],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,139846,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,139848,139849,139851,139853,139855],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,139850,92],{"class":91},[37,139852,95],{"class":51},[37,139854,42967],{"class":102},[37,139856,85],{"class":51},[20,139858,112],{},[28,139860,139862],{"className":30,"code":139861,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139863,139864],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139865,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139905,139907],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139867,1067],{"class":51},[37,139869,821],{"class":55},[37,139871,7418],{"class":59},[37,139873,821],{"class":55},[37,139875,65],{"class":51},[37,139877,815],{"class":55},[37,139879,12306],{"class":59},[37,139881,821],{"class":55},[37,139883,65],{"class":51},[37,139885,815],{"class":55},[37,139887,133581],{"class":59},[37,139889,821],{"class":55},[37,139891,65],{"class":51},[37,139893,815],{"class":55},[37,139895,130206],{"class":59},[37,139897,821],{"class":55},[37,139899,65],{"class":51},[37,139901,815],{"class":55},[37,139903,139904],{"class":59},"useful",[37,139906,821],{"class":55},[37,139908,3760],{"class":51},[20,139910,139911],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[307,139913,139915,10700,139917],{"id":139914},"split-vs-split",[15,139916,60622],{},[15,139918,139919],{},"split(' ')",[20,139921,139922],{},"These are not the same.",[28,139924,139926],{"className":30,"code":139925,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139927,139928,139941,139945,139959],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139929,139930,139932,139934,139936,139939],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139931,34795],{"class":43},[37,139933,48],{"class":47},[37,139935,68],{"class":55},[37,139937,139938],{"class":59},"a  b   c",[37,139940,3484],{"class":55},[37,139942,139943],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,139944,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,139946,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,139948,92],{"class":91},[37,139950,95],{"class":51},[37,139952,34816],{"class":102},[37,139954,292],{"class":51},[37,139956,34576],{"class":102},[37,139958,7315],{"class":51},[37,139960,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,139962,92],{"class":91},[37,139964,95],{"class":51},[37,139966,34816],{"class":102},[37,139968,292],{"class":51},[37,139970,34576],{"class":102},[37,139972,95],{"class":51},[37,139974,56],{"class":55},[37,139976,68],{"class":55},[37,139978,106],{"class":51},[20,139980,112],{},[28,139982,139984],{"className":30,"code":139983,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139985,139986,140014],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,139987,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,139989,1067],{"class":51},[37,139991,821],{"class":55},[37,139993,285],{"class":59},[37,139995,821],{"class":55},[37,139997,65],{"class":51},[37,139999,815],{"class":55},[37,140001,777],{"class":59},[37,140003,821],{"class":55},[37,140005,65],{"class":51},[37,140007,815],{"class":55},[37,140009,1754],{"class":59},[37,140011,821],{"class":55},[37,140013,3760],{"class":51},[37,140015,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140017,1067],{"class":51},[37,140019,821],{"class":55},[37,140021,285],{"class":59},[37,140023,821],{"class":55},[37,140025,65],{"class":51},[37,140027,3963],{"class":55},[37,140029,65],{"class":51},[37,140031,815],{"class":55},[37,140033,777],{"class":59},[37,140035,821],{"class":55},[37,140037,65],{"class":51},[37,140039,3963],{"class":55},[37,140041,65],{"class":51},[37,140043,3963],{"class":55},[37,140045,65],{"class":51},[37,140047,815],{"class":55},[37,140049,1754],{"class":59},[37,140051,821],{"class":55},[37,140053,3760],{"class":51},[135,140055,140056,140061],{},[138,140057,140058,140060],{},[15,140059,60622],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[138,140062,140063,140066],{},[15,140064,140065],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140068,140069,140070,140074],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[285,140071,126441,140072,10856],{"href":137011},[15,140073,41753],{}," is often useful.",[130,140076,140078],{"id":140077},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140080,140081,140082,2321,140085,2325,140087,292],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140083,140084],{},"\",\"",[15,140086,133680],{},[15,140088,140089],{},"\"::\"",[20,140091,140092],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140094,140095],{},"Example with commas:",[28,140097,140099],{"className":30,"code":140098,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140100,140101,140113,140135,140139],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140102,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140104,34795],{"class":43},[37,140106,48],{"class":47},[37,140108,68],{"class":55},[37,140110,139479],{"class":59},[37,140112,3484],{"class":55},[37,140114,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140116,42935],{"class":43},[37,140118,48],{"class":47},[37,140120,42940],{"class":43},[37,140122,292],{"class":51},[37,140124,34576],{"class":102},[37,140126,95],{"class":51},[37,140128,56],{"class":55},[37,140130,65],{"class":59},[37,140132,56],{"class":55},[37,140134,85],{"class":51},[37,140136,140137],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,140138,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,140140,140141,140143,140145,140147],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,140142,92],{"class":91},[37,140144,95],{"class":51},[37,140146,42967],{"class":102},[37,140148,85],{"class":51},[20,140150,112],{},[28,140152,140153],{"className":30,"code":78537,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,140154,140155],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140156,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140158,1067],{"class":51},[37,140160,821],{"class":55},[37,140162,329],{"class":59},[37,140164,821],{"class":55},[37,140166,65],{"class":51},[37,140168,815],{"class":55},[37,140170,338],{"class":59},[37,140172,821],{"class":55},[37,140174,65],{"class":51},[37,140176,815],{"class":55},[37,140178,4218],{"class":59},[37,140180,821],{"class":55},[37,140182,3760],{"class":51},[20,140184,140185],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[28,140187,140189],{"className":30,"code":140188,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140190,140191,140204,140226,140230],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140192,140193,140195,140197,140199,140202],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140194,34795],{"class":43},[37,140196,48],{"class":47},[37,140198,68],{"class":55},[37,140200,140201],{"class":59},"2024::10::31",[37,140203,3484],{"class":55},[37,140205,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140207,42935],{"class":43},[37,140209,48],{"class":47},[37,140211,42940],{"class":43},[37,140213,292],{"class":51},[37,140215,34576],{"class":102},[37,140217,95],{"class":51},[37,140219,56],{"class":55},[37,140221,76754],{"class":59},[37,140223,56],{"class":55},[37,140225,85],{"class":51},[37,140227,140228],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,140229,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,140231,140232,140234,140236,140238],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,140233,92],{"class":91},[37,140235,95],{"class":51},[37,140237,42967],{"class":102},[37,140239,85],{"class":51},[20,140241,112],{},[28,140243,140245],{"className":30,"code":140244,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140246,140247],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140248,140249,140251,140253,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140273,140275],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140250,1067],{"class":51},[37,140252,821],{"class":55},[37,140254,140255],{"class":59},"2024",[37,140257,821],{"class":55},[37,140259,65],{"class":51},[37,140261,815],{"class":55},[37,140263,214],{"class":59},[37,140265,821],{"class":55},[37,140267,65],{"class":51},[37,140269,815],{"class":55},[37,140271,140272],{"class":59},"31",[37,140274,821],{"class":55},[37,140276,3760],{"class":51},[20,140278,140279],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140281,140282,140283,292],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[285,140284,129125],{"href":129124},[130,140286,1872,140288],{"id":140287},"using-maxsplit",[15,140289,139696],{},[20,140291,140292,140294],{},[15,140293,139696],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140296,140297],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140299,197],{},[28,140301,140303],{"className":30,"code":140302,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140304,140305,140318,140344,140348],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140306,140307,140309,140311,140313,140316],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140308,34795],{"class":43},[37,140310,48],{"class":47},[37,140312,68],{"class":55},[37,140314,140315],{"class":59},"name:age:city:country",[37,140317,3484],{"class":55},[37,140319,140320,140322,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140321,42935],{"class":43},[37,140323,48],{"class":47},[37,140325,42940],{"class":43},[37,140327,292],{"class":51},[37,140329,34576],{"class":102},[37,140331,95],{"class":51},[37,140333,56],{"class":55},[37,140335,3013],{"class":59},[37,140337,56],{"class":55},[37,140339,65],{"class":51},[37,140341,890],{"class":122},[37,140343,85],{"class":51},[37,140345,140346],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,140347,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,140349,140350,140352,140354,140356],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,140351,92],{"class":91},[37,140353,95],{"class":51},[37,140355,42967],{"class":102},[37,140357,85],{"class":51},[20,140359,112],{},[28,140361,140363],{"className":30,"code":140362,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140364,140365],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140366,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140390,140392],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140368,1067],{"class":51},[37,140370,821],{"class":55},[37,140372,7790],{"class":59},[37,140374,821],{"class":55},[37,140376,65],{"class":51},[37,140378,815],{"class":55},[37,140380,9415],{"class":59},[37,140382,821],{"class":55},[37,140384,65],{"class":51},[37,140386,815],{"class":55},[37,140388,140389],{"class":59},"city:country",[37,140391,821],{"class":55},[37,140393,3760],{"class":51},[20,140395,2311],{},[135,140397,140398,140403,140408],{},[138,140399,140400,140401],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140402,3013],{},[138,140404,140405,140406],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140407,3013],{},[138,140409,140410],{},"then stops",[20,140412,140413],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140415,52171],{},[28,140417,140419],{"className":30,"code":140418,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140420,140421,140434],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140422,140423,140425,140427,140429,140432],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140424,34795],{"class":43},[37,140426,48],{"class":47},[37,140428,68],{"class":55},[37,140430,140431],{"class":59},"apple banana cherry grape",[37,140433,3484],{"class":55},[37,140435,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140437,92],{"class":91},[37,140439,95],{"class":51},[37,140441,34816],{"class":102},[37,140443,292],{"class":51},[37,140445,34576],{"class":102},[37,140447,95],{"class":51},[37,140449,56],{"class":55},[37,140451,68],{"class":55},[37,140453,65],{"class":51},[37,140455,5619],{"class":122},[37,140457,106],{"class":51},[20,140459,112],{},[28,140461,140463],{"className":30,"code":140462,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140464,140465],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140466,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140482,140484],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140468,1067],{"class":51},[37,140470,821],{"class":55},[37,140472,329],{"class":59},[37,140474,821],{"class":55},[37,140476,65],{"class":51},[37,140478,815],{"class":55},[37,140480,140481],{"class":59},"banana cherry grape",[37,140483,821],{"class":55},[37,140485,3760],{"class":51},[130,140487,296,140489,149],{"id":140488},"what-split-returns",[15,140490,60622],{},[20,140492,140493,140494,140496,140497,292],{},"The result of ",[15,140495,60622],{}," is always a ",[110,140498,8213],{},[20,140500,140501],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140503,197],{},[28,140505,140507],{"className":30,"code":140506,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140508,140509,140522,140544,140548,140558,140572],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140510,140511,140513,140515,140517,140520],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140512,34795],{"class":43},[37,140514,48],{"class":47},[37,140516,68],{"class":55},[37,140518,140519],{"class":59},"cat,dog,bird",[37,140521,3484],{"class":55},[37,140523,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140525,42935],{"class":43},[37,140527,48],{"class":47},[37,140529,42940],{"class":43},[37,140531,292],{"class":51},[37,140533,34576],{"class":102},[37,140535,95],{"class":51},[37,140537,56],{"class":55},[37,140539,65],{"class":59},[37,140541,56],{"class":55},[37,140543,85],{"class":51},[37,140545,140546],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,140547,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,140549,140550,140552,140554,140556],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,140551,92],{"class":91},[37,140553,95],{"class":51},[37,140555,42967],{"class":102},[37,140557,85],{"class":51},[37,140559,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,140561,92],{"class":91},[37,140563,95],{"class":51},[37,140565,757],{"class":756},[37,140567,95],{"class":51},[37,140569,42967],{"class":102},[37,140571,106],{"class":51},[37,140573,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,140575,92],{"class":91},[37,140577,95],{"class":51},[37,140579,42967],{"class":102},[37,140581,1067],{"class":51},[37,140583,1070],{"class":122},[37,140585,530],{"class":51},[20,140587,112],{},[28,140589,140591],{"className":30,"code":140590,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140592,140593,140621,140635],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140594,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140596,1067],{"class":51},[37,140598,821],{"class":55},[37,140600,37149],{"class":59},[37,140602,821],{"class":55},[37,140604,65],{"class":51},[37,140606,815],{"class":55},[37,140608,58219],{"class":59},[37,140610,821],{"class":55},[37,140612,65],{"class":51},[37,140614,815],{"class":55},[37,140616,58236],{"class":59},[37,140618,821],{"class":55},[37,140620,3760],{"class":51},[37,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140624,808],{"class":47},[37,140626,812],{"class":811},[37,140628,815],{"class":55},[37,140630,8213],{"class":59},[37,140632,821],{"class":55},[37,140634,824],{"class":47},[37,140636,140637],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,140638,85556],{"class":43},[20,140640,140641],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[135,140643,140644,140647,140650],{},[138,140645,140646],{},"loop over it",[138,140648,140649],{},"access items by index",[138,140651,140652],{},"combine items again later",[20,140654,140655,140656,292],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[285,140657,126441,140659,10856],{"href":140658},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140660,133523],{},[20,140662,197],{},[28,140664,140666],{"className":30,"code":140665,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140667,140668,140700,140722,140726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140669,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140671,42935],{"class":43},[37,140673,48],{"class":47},[37,140675,519],{"class":51},[37,140677,821],{"class":55},[37,140679,37149],{"class":59},[37,140681,821],{"class":55},[37,140683,65],{"class":51},[37,140685,815],{"class":55},[37,140687,58219],{"class":59},[37,140689,821],{"class":55},[37,140691,65],{"class":51},[37,140693,815],{"class":55},[37,140695,58236],{"class":59},[37,140697,821],{"class":55},[37,140699,3760],{"class":51},[37,140701,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140703,34795],{"class":43},[37,140705,48],{"class":47},[37,140707,68],{"class":55},[37,140709,2159],{"class":59},[37,140711,56],{"class":55},[37,140713,292],{"class":51},[37,140715,133600],{"class":102},[37,140717,95],{"class":51},[37,140719,42967],{"class":102},[37,140721,85],{"class":51},[37,140723,140724],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,140725,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,140727,140728,140730,140732,140734],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,140729,92],{"class":91},[37,140731,95],{"class":51},[37,140733,34816],{"class":102},[37,140735,85],{"class":51},[20,140737,112],{},[28,140739,140741],{"className":30,"code":140740,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140742,140743],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140744,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140746,37149],{"class":43},[37,140748,2159],{"class":47},[37,140750,58219],{"class":43},[37,140752,2159],{"class":47},[37,140754,140755],{"class":43},"bird\n",[130,140757,140759],{"id":140758},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140761,140762],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[307,140764,140766],{"id":140765},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[28,140768,140770],{"className":30,"code":140769,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140771,140772,140780],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140773,140774,140776,140778],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140775,34795],{"class":43},[37,140777,48],{"class":47},[37,140779,8001],{"class":55},[37,140781,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140783,92],{"class":91},[37,140785,95],{"class":51},[37,140787,34816],{"class":102},[37,140789,292],{"class":51},[37,140791,34576],{"class":102},[37,140793,7315],{"class":51},[20,140795,112],{},[28,140797,140798],{"className":30,"code":38399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,140799,140800],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140801,140802],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140803,38399],{"class":51},[307,140805,140807],{"id":140806},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[28,140809,140811],{"className":30,"code":140810,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140812,140813,140821],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140814,140815,140817,140819],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140816,34795],{"class":43},[37,140818,48],{"class":47},[37,140820,8001],{"class":55},[37,140822,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839,140841],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140824,92],{"class":91},[37,140826,95],{"class":51},[37,140828,34816],{"class":102},[37,140830,292],{"class":51},[37,140832,34576],{"class":102},[37,140834,95],{"class":51},[37,140836,56],{"class":55},[37,140838,65],{"class":59},[37,140840,56],{"class":55},[37,140842,106],{"class":51},[20,140844,112],{},[28,140846,140848],{"className":30,"code":140847,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['']\n",[15,140849,140850],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140851,140852,140854,140856],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140853,1067],{"class":51},[37,140855,3899],{"class":55},[37,140857,3760],{"class":51},[307,140859,140861],{"id":140860},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140863,140864],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[28,140866,140868],{"className":30,"code":140867,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140869,140870,140882],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140871,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140873,34795],{"class":43},[37,140875,48],{"class":47},[37,140877,68],{"class":55},[37,140879,3970],{"class":59},[37,140881,3484],{"class":55},[37,140883,140884,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,140885,92],{"class":91},[37,140887,95],{"class":51},[37,140889,34816],{"class":102},[37,140891,292],{"class":51},[37,140893,34576],{"class":102},[37,140895,95],{"class":51},[37,140897,56],{"class":55},[37,140899,65],{"class":59},[37,140901,56],{"class":55},[37,140903,106],{"class":51},[20,140905,112],{},[28,140907,140909],{"className":30,"code":140908,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"['hello']\n",[15,140910,140911],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140912,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140914,1067],{"class":51},[37,140916,821],{"class":55},[37,140918,3970],{"class":59},[37,140920,821],{"class":55},[37,140922,3760],{"class":51},[130,140924,5080,140926],{"id":140925},"when-to-use-split",[15,140927,60622],{},[20,140929,22,140930,140932],{},[15,140931,60622],{}," when you need to:",[135,140934,140935,140938,140941],{},[138,140936,140937],{},"split a sentence into words",[138,140939,140940],{},"split comma-separated values",[138,140942,140943],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140945,140946],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[135,140948,140949,140952,140955],{},[138,140950,140951],{},"cleaning text",[138,140953,140954],{},"parsing user input",[138,140956,140957],{},"processing simple file content",[130,140959,1854],{"id":1853},[20,140961,84327],{},[135,140963,140964,140968,140974,140977,140985],{},[138,140965,50599,140966,131661],{},[15,140967,60622],{},[138,140969,140970,140971,140973],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140972,60622],{}," returns a list, not a string",[138,140975,140976],{},"using the wrong separator",[138,140978,140979,140980,140982,140983],{},"assuming ",[15,140981,139919],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140984,60622],{},[138,140986,140987],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140989,140990],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[28,140992,140994],{"className":30,"code":140993,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140995,140996,141008,141026,141030],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,140997,140998,141000,141002,141004,141006],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,140999,34795],{"class":43},[37,141001,48],{"class":47},[37,141003,68],{"class":55},[37,141005,42928],{"class":59},[37,141007,3484],{"class":55},[37,141009,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141011,34816],{"class":43},[37,141013,292],{"class":51},[37,141015,34576],{"class":102},[37,141017,95],{"class":51},[37,141019,56],{"class":55},[37,141021,65],{"class":59},[37,141023,56],{"class":55},[37,141025,85],{"class":51},[37,141027,141028],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141029,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,141031,141032,141034,141036,141038],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141033,92],{"class":91},[37,141035,95],{"class":51},[37,141037,34816],{"class":102},[37,141039,85],{"class":51},[20,141041,112],{},[28,141043,141045],{"className":30,"code":141044,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a,b,c\n",[15,141046,141047],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141048,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141050,285],{"class":43},[37,141052,65],{"class":51},[37,141054,777],{"class":43},[37,141056,65],{"class":51},[37,141058,69336],{"class":43},[20,141060,141061],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141063,10923],{},[28,141065,141066],{"className":30,"code":42915,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,141067,141068,141080,141102,141106],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141069,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141071,34795],{"class":43},[37,141073,48],{"class":47},[37,141075,68],{"class":55},[37,141077,42928],{"class":59},[37,141079,3484],{"class":55},[37,141081,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141083,42935],{"class":43},[37,141085,48],{"class":47},[37,141087,42940],{"class":43},[37,141089,292],{"class":51},[37,141091,34576],{"class":102},[37,141093,95],{"class":51},[37,141095,56],{"class":55},[37,141097,65],{"class":59},[37,141099,56],{"class":55},[37,141101,85],{"class":51},[37,141103,141104],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141105,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,141107,141108,141110,141112,141114],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141109,92],{"class":91},[37,141111,95],{"class":51},[37,141113,42967],{"class":102},[37,141115,85],{"class":51},[20,141117,112],{},[28,141119,141120],{"className":30,"code":42974,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,141121,141122],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141123,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141125,1067],{"class":51},[37,141127,821],{"class":55},[37,141129,285],{"class":59},[37,141131,821],{"class":55},[37,141133,65],{"class":51},[37,141135,815],{"class":55},[37,141137,777],{"class":59},[37,141139,821],{"class":55},[37,141141,65],{"class":51},[37,141143,815],{"class":55},[37,141145,1754],{"class":59},[37,141147,821],{"class":55},[37,141149,3760],{"class":51},[20,141151,141152],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[28,141154,141156],{"className":30,"code":141155,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141157,141158,141171,141193,141197],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141169],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141161,34795],{"class":43},[37,141163,48],{"class":47},[37,141165,68],{"class":55},[37,141167,141168],{"class":59},"apple,banana",[37,141170,3484],{"class":55},[37,141172,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141174,42935],{"class":43},[37,141176,48],{"class":47},[37,141178,42940],{"class":43},[37,141180,292],{"class":51},[37,141182,34576],{"class":102},[37,141184,95],{"class":51},[37,141186,56],{"class":55},[37,141188,65],{"class":59},[37,141190,56],{"class":55},[37,141192,85],{"class":51},[37,141194,141195],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141196,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,141198,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141200,92],{"class":91},[37,141202,95],{"class":51},[37,141204,42967],{"class":102},[37,141206,1067],{"class":51},[37,141208,508],{"class":122},[37,141210,530],{"class":51},[20,141212,141213,141214,292],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[285,141215,69349],{"href":69348},[307,141217,60801],{"id":60800},[20,141219,8994,141220,141222],{},[15,141221,60622],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[28,141224,141226],{"className":30,"code":141225,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141227,141228,141238,141252,141274,141300],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141229,141230,141232,141234,141236],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141231,92],{"class":91},[37,141233,95],{"class":51},[37,141235,34816],{"class":102},[37,141237,85],{"class":51},[37,141239,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141241,92],{"class":91},[37,141243,95],{"class":51},[37,141245,34816],{"class":102},[37,141247,292],{"class":51},[37,141249,34576],{"class":102},[37,141251,7315],{"class":51},[37,141253,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141255,92],{"class":91},[37,141257,95],{"class":51},[37,141259,34816],{"class":102},[37,141261,292],{"class":51},[37,141263,34576],{"class":102},[37,141265,95],{"class":51},[37,141267,821],{"class":55},[37,141269,65],{"class":59},[37,141271,821],{"class":55},[37,141273,106],{"class":51},[37,141275,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141277,92],{"class":91},[37,141279,95],{"class":51},[37,141281,17],{"class":91},[37,141283,95],{"class":51},[37,141285,34816],{"class":102},[37,141287,292],{"class":51},[37,141289,34576],{"class":102},[37,141291,95],{"class":51},[37,141293,821],{"class":55},[37,141295,65],{"class":59},[37,141297,821],{"class":55},[37,141299,3041],{"class":51},[37,141301,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,141303,92],{"class":91},[37,141305,95],{"class":51},[37,141307,757],{"class":756},[37,141309,95],{"class":51},[37,141311,34816],{"class":102},[37,141313,292],{"class":51},[37,141315,34576],{"class":102},[37,141317,95],{"class":51},[37,141319,821],{"class":55},[37,141321,65],{"class":59},[37,141323,821],{"class":55},[37,141325,3041],{"class":51},[20,141327,11285],{},[135,141329,141330,141333,141336,141339],{},[138,141331,141332],{},"what the original string looks like",[138,141334,141335],{},"which separator works",[138,141337,141338],{},"how many items were created",[138,141340,141341],{},"that the result is a list",[130,141343,1969],{"id":1968},[307,141345,5300,141347,851,141349,2623],{"id":141346},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141348,60622],{},[15,141350,139919],{},[20,141352,141353,141355],{},[15,141354,60622],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141357,141358,141360],{},[15,141359,139919],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[307,141362,1983,141364,124768],{"id":141363},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141365,60622],{},[20,141367,141368,141369,56570],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141370,60622],{},[307,141372,5262,141374,40061],{"id":141373},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141375,139696],{},[20,141377,141378],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[307,141380,141382],{"id":141381},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141384,29168,141385,141387],{},[15,141386,60622],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[130,141389,2025],{"id":2024},[135,141391,141392,141396,141402,141408,141412],{},[138,141393,141394],{},[285,141395,130046],{"href":129124},[138,141397,141398],{},[285,141399,126441,141400,10856],{"href":140658},[15,141401,133523],{},[138,141403,141404],{},[285,141405,126441,141406,10856],{"href":137011},[15,141407,41753],{},[138,141409,141410],{},[285,141411,125196],{"href":51068},[138,141413,141414],{},[285,141415,69349],{"href":69348},[2052,141417,141418],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":141420},[141421,141422,141424,141425,141430,141431,141433,141435,141440,141442,141445,141454],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":139526,"depth":88,"text":141423},"What split() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":139774,"depth":88,"text":141426,"children":141427},"Using split() with no separator",[141428],{"id":139914,"depth":251,"text":141429},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140077,"depth":88,"text":140078},{"id":140287,"depth":88,"text":141432},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140488,"depth":88,"text":141434},"What split() returns",{"id":140758,"depth":88,"text":140759,"children":141436},[141437,141438,141439],{"id":140765,"depth":251,"text":140766},{"id":140806,"depth":251,"text":140807},{"id":140860,"depth":251,"text":140861},{"id":140925,"depth":88,"text":141441},"When to use split()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":141443},[141444],{"id":60800,"depth":251,"text":60801},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":141446},[141447,141449,141451,141453],{"id":141346,"depth":251,"text":141448},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141363,"depth":251,"text":141450},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141373,"depth":251,"text":141452},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141381,"depth":251,"text":141382},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139435,"description":141455},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141462,"title":141463,"body":141464,"description":143407,"extension":2099,"meta":143408,"navigation":254,"path":143409,"seo":143410,"stem":143411,"__hash__":143412},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141465,"toc":143366},[141466,141471,141476,141483,141556,141561,141566,141571,141587,141589,141659,141661,141663,141683,141685,141730,141735,141737,141835,141840,141844,141849,141853,141856,141898,141902,141905,141950,141954,141957,142007,142011,142016,142068,142070,142075,142086,142091,142171,142173,142185,142194,142201,142216,142218,142333,142339,142343,142346,142351,142493,142496,142503,142505,142509,142517,142586,142592,142641,142646,142651,142653,142673,142675,142741,142743,142747,142750,142754,142795,142797,142830,142835,142838,142865,142867,142910,142917,142922,142932,142998,143002,143010,143015,143066,143070,143073,143075,143084,143086,143136,143138,143245,143247,143252,143259,143265,143268,143299,143304,143306,143313,143321,143330,143333,143335,143363],[10,141467,123442,141469,11437],{"id":141468},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141470,127809],{},[20,141472,123447,141473,141475],{},[15,141474,127809],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141477,126507,141478,3006,141480,141482],{},[15,141479,3729],{},[15,141481,3799],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[28,141484,141486],{"className":30,"code":141485,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141487,141488,141501,141505,141530],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141489,141490,141492,141494,141496,141499],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141491,34795],{"class":43},[37,141493,48],{"class":47},[37,141495,68],{"class":55},[37,141497,141498],{"class":59},"Python Beginner Help",[37,141500,3484],{"class":55},[37,141502,141503],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141504,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,141506,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141508,92],{"class":91},[37,141510,95],{"class":51},[37,141512,34816],{"class":102},[37,141514,292],{"class":51},[37,141516,141517],{"class":102},"startswith",[37,141519,95],{"class":51},[37,141521,56],{"class":55},[37,141523,7418],{"class":59},[37,141525,56],{"class":55},[37,141527,5482],{"class":51},[37,141529,43954],{"class":3788},[37,141531,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141549,141551,141553],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141533,92],{"class":91},[37,141535,95],{"class":51},[37,141537,34816],{"class":102},[37,141539,292],{"class":51},[37,141541,141517],{"class":102},[37,141543,95],{"class":51},[37,141545,56],{"class":55},[37,141547,141548],{"class":59},"Beginner",[37,141550,56],{"class":55},[37,141552,5482],{"class":51},[37,141554,141555],{"class":3788}," # False\n",[20,141557,22,141558,141560],{},[15,141559,127809],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[130,141562,296,141564,3805],{"id":141563},"what-startswith-does",[15,141565,127809],{},[20,141567,141568,141570],{},[15,141569,127809],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[135,141572,141573,141576,141582,141584],{},[138,141574,141575],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[138,141577,5268,141578,3006,141580],{},[15,141579,3729],{},[15,141581,3799],{},[138,141583,123584],{},[138,141585,141586],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141588,197],{},[28,141590,141592],{"className":30,"code":141591,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141593,141594,141606,141610,141635],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141595,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141597,7996],{"class":43},[37,141599,48],{"class":47},[37,141601,68],{"class":55},[37,141603,7418],{"class":59},[37,141605,3484],{"class":55},[37,141607,141608],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141609,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,141611,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141629,141631,141633],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141613,92],{"class":91},[37,141615,95],{"class":51},[37,141617,7790],{"class":102},[37,141619,292],{"class":51},[37,141621,141517],{"class":102},[37,141623,95],{"class":51},[37,141625,56],{"class":55},[37,141627,141628],{"class":59},"Py",[37,141630,56],{"class":55},[37,141632,5482],{"class":51},[37,141634,43954],{"class":3788},[37,141636,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653,141655,141657],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141638,92],{"class":91},[37,141640,95],{"class":51},[37,141642,7790],{"class":102},[37,141644,292],{"class":51},[37,141646,141517],{"class":102},[37,141648,95],{"class":51},[37,141650,56],{"class":55},[37,141652,128887],{"class":59},[37,141654,56],{"class":55},[37,141656,5482],{"class":51},[37,141658,43971],{"class":3788},[130,141660,159],{"id":158},[20,141662,42483],{},[28,141664,141666],{"className":30,"code":141665,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141667,141668],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141669,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141681],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141671,61265],{"class":43},[37,141673,292],{"class":51},[37,141675,141517],{"class":102},[37,141677,95],{"class":51},[37,141679,141680],{"class":102},"prefix",[37,141682,85],{"class":51},[20,141684,30872],{},[28,141686,141688],{"className":30,"code":141687,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141689,141690,141708],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141691,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141693,61265],{"class":43},[37,141695,292],{"class":51},[37,141697,141517],{"class":102},[37,141699,95],{"class":51},[37,141701,141680],{"class":102},[37,141703,65],{"class":51},[37,141705,36161],{"class":102},[37,141707,85],{"class":51},[37,141709,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141711,61265],{"class":43},[37,141713,292],{"class":51},[37,141715,141517],{"class":102},[37,141717,95],{"class":51},[37,141719,141680],{"class":102},[37,141721,65],{"class":51},[37,141723,36161],{"class":102},[37,141725,65],{"class":51},[37,141727,65131],{"class":102},[37,141729,85],{"class":51},[20,141731,1088,141732,141734],{},[15,141733,141680],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141736,197],{},[28,141738,141740],{"className":30,"code":141739,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141741,141742,141754,141758,141783,141807],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141743,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141745,34795],{"class":43},[37,141747,48],{"class":47},[37,141749,68],{"class":55},[37,141751,60497],{"class":59},[37,141753,3484],{"class":55},[37,141755,141756],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141757,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,141759,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,141761,92],{"class":91},[37,141763,95],{"class":51},[37,141765,34816],{"class":102},[37,141767,292],{"class":51},[37,141769,141517],{"class":102},[37,141771,95],{"class":51},[37,141773,56],{"class":55},[37,141775,3970],{"class":59},[37,141777,56],{"class":55},[37,141779,5482],{"class":51},[37,141781,141782],{"class":3788},"      # True\n",[37,141784,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,141786,92],{"class":91},[37,141788,95],{"class":51},[37,141790,34816],{"class":102},[37,141792,292],{"class":51},[37,141794,141517],{"class":102},[37,141796,95],{"class":51},[37,141798,56],{"class":55},[37,141800,60682],{"class":59},[37,141802,56],{"class":55},[37,141804,5482],{"class":51},[37,141806,21307],{"class":3788},[37,141808,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,141810,92],{"class":91},[37,141812,95],{"class":51},[37,141814,34816],{"class":102},[37,141816,292],{"class":51},[37,141818,141517],{"class":102},[37,141820,95],{"class":51},[37,141822,56],{"class":55},[37,141824,60682],{"class":59},[37,141826,56],{"class":55},[37,141828,65],{"class":51},[37,141830,1145],{"class":122},[37,141832,5482],{"class":51},[37,141834,43954],{"class":3788},[20,141836,141837,141838,292],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[285,141839,125196],{"href":51068},[130,141841,141843],{"id":141842},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141845,141846,141848],{},[15,141847,127809],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[307,141850,141851],{"id":141680},[15,141852,141680],{},[20,141854,141855],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[28,141857,141859],{"className":30,"code":141858,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141860,141861,141873],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141862,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141864,34795],{"class":43},[37,141866,48],{"class":47},[37,141868,68],{"class":55},[37,141870,338],{"class":59},[37,141872,3484],{"class":55},[37,141874,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889,141892,141894,141896],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141876,92],{"class":91},[37,141878,95],{"class":51},[37,141880,34816],{"class":102},[37,141882,292],{"class":51},[37,141884,141517],{"class":102},[37,141886,95],{"class":51},[37,141888,56],{"class":55},[37,141890,141891],{"class":59},"ban",[37,141893,56],{"class":55},[37,141895,5482],{"class":51},[37,141897,3789],{"class":3788},[307,141899,141900],{"id":36182},[15,141901,36182],{},[20,141903,141904],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[28,141906,141908],{"className":30,"code":141907,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141909,141910,141922],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141911,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141913,34795],{"class":43},[37,141915,48],{"class":47},[37,141917,68],{"class":55},[37,141919,60497],{"class":59},[37,141921,3484],{"class":55},[37,141923,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141925,92],{"class":91},[37,141927,95],{"class":51},[37,141929,34816],{"class":102},[37,141931,292],{"class":51},[37,141933,141517],{"class":102},[37,141935,95],{"class":51},[37,141937,56],{"class":55},[37,141939,60682],{"class":59},[37,141941,56],{"class":55},[37,141943,65],{"class":51},[37,141945,1145],{"class":122},[37,141947,5482],{"class":51},[37,141949,3789],{"class":3788},[307,141951,141952],{"id":52752},[15,141953,52752],{},[20,141955,141956],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[28,141958,141960],{"className":30,"code":141959,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141961,141962,141974],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,141963,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,141965,34795],{"class":43},[37,141967,48],{"class":47},[37,141969,68],{"class":55},[37,141971,60497],{"class":59},[37,141973,3484],{"class":55},[37,141975,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,141977,92],{"class":91},[37,141979,95],{"class":51},[37,141981,34816],{"class":102},[37,141983,292],{"class":51},[37,141985,141517],{"class":102},[37,141987,95],{"class":51},[37,141989,56],{"class":55},[37,141991,141992],{"class":59},"wor",[37,141994,56],{"class":55},[37,141996,65],{"class":51},[37,141998,1145],{"class":122},[37,142000,65],{"class":51},[37,142002,54227],{"class":122},[37,142004,5482],{"class":51},[37,142006,3789],{"class":3788},[307,142008,142010],{"id":142009},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142012,142013,142015],{},[15,142014,141680],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[28,142017,142019],{"className":30,"code":142018,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142020,142021,142034],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142022,142023,142025,142027,142029,142032],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142024,126524],{"class":43},[37,142026,48],{"class":47},[37,142028,68],{"class":55},[37,142030,142031],{"class":59},"img_001.png",[37,142033,3484],{"class":55},[37,142035,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142053,142055,142057,142059,142062,142064,142066],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142037,92],{"class":91},[37,142039,95],{"class":51},[37,142041,126542],{"class":102},[37,142043,292],{"class":51},[37,142045,141517],{"class":102},[37,142047,5632],{"class":51},[37,142049,56],{"class":55},[37,142051,142052],{"class":59},"img_",[37,142054,56],{"class":55},[37,142056,65],{"class":51},[37,142058,68],{"class":55},[37,142060,142061],{"class":59},"photo_",[37,142063,56],{"class":55},[37,142065,51184],{"class":51},[37,142067,3789],{"class":3788},[130,142069,17528],{"id":17527},[20,142071,142072,142074],{},[15,142073,127809],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[135,142076,142077,142082],{},[138,142078,142079,142081],{},[15,142080,3729],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[138,142083,142084,127126],{},[15,142085,3799],{},[20,142087,142088,142089,7293],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142090,1484],{},[28,142092,142094],{"className":30,"code":142093,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142095,142096,142110,142114,142135,142150,142156],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142097,142098,142101,142103,142105,142108],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142099,142100],{"class":43},"command ",[37,142102,48],{"class":47},[37,142104,68],{"class":55},[37,142106,142107],{"class":59},"\u002Fhelp",[37,142109,3484],{"class":55},[37,142111,142112],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142113,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142115,142116,142118,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142117,1484],{"class":1483},[37,142119,142120],{"class":43}," command",[37,142122,292],{"class":51},[37,142124,141517],{"class":102},[37,142126,95],{"class":51},[37,142128,56],{"class":55},[37,142130,127333],{"class":59},[37,142132,56],{"class":55},[37,142134,8460],{"class":51},[37,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142146,142148],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142138,1506],{"class":91},[37,142140,95],{"class":51},[37,142142,56],{"class":55},[37,142144,142145],{"class":59},"This looks like a command.",[37,142147,56],{"class":55},[37,142149,85],{"class":51},[37,142151,142152,142154],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,142153,27540],{"class":1483},[37,142155,1501],{"class":51},[37,142157,142158,142160,142162,142164,142167,142169],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,142159,1506],{"class":91},[37,142161,95],{"class":51},[37,142163,56],{"class":55},[37,142165,142166],{"class":59},"This is normal text.",[37,142168,56],{"class":55},[37,142170,85],{"class":51},[20,142172,112],{},[28,142174,142176],{"className":30,"code":142175,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142177,142178],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142179,142180,142183],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142181,142182],{"class":43},"This looks like a command",[37,142184,122474],{"class":51},[130,142186,1872,142188,8823,142190,851,142192],{"id":142187},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142189,127809],{},[15,142191,36182],{},[15,142193,52752],{},[20,142195,1531,142196,851,142198,142200],{},[15,142197,36182],{},[15,142199,52752],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[135,142202,142203,142208,142213],{},[138,142204,142205,142207],{},[15,142206,36182],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[138,142209,142210,142212],{},[15,142211,52752],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[138,142214,142215],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142217,197],{},[28,142219,142221],{"className":30,"code":142220,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142222,142223,142235,142239,142268,142301],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142224,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142226,34795],{"class":43},[37,142228,48],{"class":47},[37,142230,68],{"class":55},[37,142232,139720],{"class":59},[37,142234,3484],{"class":55},[37,142236,142237],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142238,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142240,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142242,92],{"class":91},[37,142244,95],{"class":51},[37,142246,34816],{"class":102},[37,142248,292],{"class":51},[37,142250,141517],{"class":102},[37,142252,95],{"class":51},[37,142254,56],{"class":55},[37,142256,79358],{"class":59},[37,142258,56],{"class":55},[37,142260,65],{"class":51},[37,142262,1134],{"class":122},[37,142264,5482],{"class":51},[37,142266,142267],{"class":3788},"        # True\n",[37,142269,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142297,142299],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142271,92],{"class":91},[37,142273,95],{"class":51},[37,142275,34816],{"class":102},[37,142277,292],{"class":51},[37,142279,141517],{"class":102},[37,142281,95],{"class":51},[37,142283,56],{"class":55},[37,142285,134327],{"class":59},[37,142287,56],{"class":55},[37,142289,65],{"class":51},[37,142291,6481],{"class":122},[37,142293,65],{"class":51},[37,142295,142296],{"class":122}," 13",[37,142298,5482],{"class":51},[37,142300,3789],{"class":3788},[37,142302,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,142304,92],{"class":91},[37,142306,95],{"class":51},[37,142308,34816],{"class":102},[37,142310,292],{"class":51},[37,142312,141517],{"class":102},[37,142314,95],{"class":51},[37,142316,56],{"class":55},[37,142318,134327],{"class":59},[37,142320,56],{"class":55},[37,142322,65],{"class":51},[37,142324,6481],{"class":122},[37,142326,65],{"class":51},[37,142328,31051],{"class":122},[37,142330,5482],{"class":51},[37,142332,4890],{"class":3788},[20,142334,142335,142336,142338],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142337,52752],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[130,142340,142342],{"id":142341},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142344,142345],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142347,142348,142349,49441],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142350,40938],{},[28,142352,142354],{"className":30,"code":142353,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142355,142356,142370,142384,142398,142402,142426,142430,142451,142472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142357,142358,142361,142363,142365,142368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142359,142360],{"class":43},"filename1 ",[37,142362,48],{"class":47},[37,142364,68],{"class":55},[37,142366,142367],{"class":59},"img_101.jpg",[37,142369,3484],{"class":55},[37,142371,142372,142375,142377,142379,142382],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142373,142374],{"class":43},"filename2 ",[37,142376,48],{"class":47},[37,142378,68],{"class":55},[37,142380,142381],{"class":59},"photo_202.jpg",[37,142383,3484],{"class":55},[37,142385,142386,142389,142391,142393,142396],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142387,142388],{"class":43},"filename3 ",[37,142390,48],{"class":47},[37,142392,68],{"class":55},[37,142394,142395],{"class":59},"doc_303.jpg",[37,142397,3484],{"class":55},[37,142399,142400],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142401,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142403,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,142405,127736],{"class":43},[37,142407,48],{"class":47},[37,142409,52],{"class":51},[37,142411,56],{"class":55},[37,142413,142052],{"class":59},[37,142415,56],{"class":55},[37,142417,65],{"class":51},[37,142419,68],{"class":55},[37,142421,142061],{"class":59},[37,142423,56],{"class":55},[37,142425,85],{"class":51},[37,142427,142428],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,142429,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142431,142432,142434,142436,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,142433,92],{"class":91},[37,142435,95],{"class":51},[37,142437,142438],{"class":102},"filename1",[37,142440,292],{"class":51},[37,142442,141517],{"class":102},[37,142444,95],{"class":51},[37,142446,127788],{"class":102},[37,142448,5482],{"class":51},[37,142450,3789],{"class":3788},[37,142452,142453,142455,142457,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,142454,92],{"class":91},[37,142456,95],{"class":51},[37,142458,142459],{"class":102},"filename2",[37,142461,292],{"class":51},[37,142463,141517],{"class":102},[37,142465,95],{"class":51},[37,142467,127788],{"class":102},[37,142469,5482],{"class":51},[37,142471,3789],{"class":3788},[37,142473,142474,142476,142478,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,142475,92],{"class":91},[37,142477,95],{"class":51},[37,142479,142480],{"class":102},"filename3",[37,142482,292],{"class":51},[37,142484,141517],{"class":102},[37,142486,95],{"class":51},[37,142488,127788],{"class":102},[37,142490,5482],{"class":51},[37,142492,4890],{"class":3788},[20,142494,142495],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142497,74859,142498,142502],{},[285,142499,126441,142500,10856],{"href":130035},[15,142501,126499],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[130,142504,124088],{"id":124087},[20,142506,142507,123899],{},[15,142508,127809],{},[20,142510,127486,142511,851,142514,127493],{},[15,142512,142513],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142515,142516],{},"\"python\"",[28,142518,142520],{"className":30,"code":142519,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142521,142522,142534,142538,142562],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142523,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142525,34795],{"class":43},[37,142527,48],{"class":47},[37,142529,68],{"class":55},[37,142531,7418],{"class":59},[37,142533,3484],{"class":55},[37,142535,142536],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142537,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142539,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142541,92],{"class":91},[37,142543,95],{"class":51},[37,142545,34816],{"class":102},[37,142547,292],{"class":51},[37,142549,141517],{"class":102},[37,142551,95],{"class":51},[37,142553,56],{"class":55},[37,142555,141628],{"class":59},[37,142557,56],{"class":55},[37,142559,5482],{"class":51},[37,142561,3789],{"class":3788},[37,142563,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142565,92],{"class":91},[37,142567,95],{"class":51},[37,142569,34816],{"class":102},[37,142571,292],{"class":51},[37,142573,141517],{"class":102},[37,142575,95],{"class":51},[37,142577,56],{"class":55},[37,142579,128887],{"class":59},[37,142581,56],{"class":55},[37,142583,5482],{"class":51},[37,142585,4890],{"class":3788},[20,142587,127578,142588,292],{},[285,142589,142590],{"href":124168},[15,142591,124171],{},[28,142593,142595],{"className":30,"code":142594,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142596,142597,142609,142613],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142598,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142600,34795],{"class":43},[37,142602,48],{"class":47},[37,142604,68],{"class":55},[37,142606,7418],{"class":59},[37,142608,3484],{"class":55},[37,142610,142611],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142612,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142614,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142616,92],{"class":91},[37,142618,95],{"class":51},[37,142620,34816],{"class":102},[37,142622,292],{"class":51},[37,142624,8758],{"class":102},[37,142626,8755],{"class":51},[37,142628,141517],{"class":102},[37,142630,95],{"class":51},[37,142632,56],{"class":55},[37,142634,128887],{"class":59},[37,142636,56],{"class":55},[37,142638,5482],{"class":51},[37,142640,3789],{"class":3788},[130,142642,5080,142644],{"id":142643},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142645,127809],{},[20,142647,142648,142650],{},[15,142649,127809],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142652,9489],{},[135,142654,142655,142658,142661,142670],{},[138,142656,142657],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[138,142659,142660],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[138,142662,142663,142664,3006,142667],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142665,142666],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142668,142669],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[138,142671,142672],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142674,197],{},[28,142676,142678],{"className":30,"code":142677,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142679,142680,142693,142697,142726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142681,142682,142684,142686,142688,142691],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142683,127304],{"class":43},[37,142685,48],{"class":47},[37,142687,68],{"class":55},[37,142689,142690],{"class":59},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[37,142692,3484],{"class":55},[37,142694,142695],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142696,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142698,142699,142701,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142700,1484],{"class":1483},[37,142702,142703],{"class":43}," url",[37,142705,292],{"class":51},[37,142707,141517],{"class":102},[37,142709,5632],{"class":51},[37,142711,56],{"class":55},[37,142713,142666],{"class":59},[37,142715,56],{"class":55},[37,142717,65],{"class":51},[37,142719,68],{"class":55},[37,142721,142669],{"class":59},[37,142723,56],{"class":55},[37,142725,1788],{"class":51},[37,142727,142728,142730,142732,142734,142737,142739],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142729,1506],{"class":91},[37,142731,95],{"class":51},[37,142733,56],{"class":55},[37,142735,142736],{"class":59},"This looks like a web URL.",[37,142738,56],{"class":55},[37,142740,85],{"class":51},[130,142742,1854],{"id":1853},[20,142744,23201,142745,292],{},[15,142746,127809],{},[307,142748,138881],{"id":142749},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142751,142752,123899],{},[15,142753,127809],{},[28,142755,142757],{"className":30,"code":142756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142758,142759,142771],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142760,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142762,34795],{"class":43},[37,142764,48],{"class":47},[37,142766,68],{"class":55},[37,142768,7418],{"class":59},[37,142770,3484],{"class":55},[37,142772,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142774,92],{"class":91},[37,142776,95],{"class":51},[37,142778,34816],{"class":102},[37,142780,292],{"class":51},[37,142782,141517],{"class":102},[37,142784,95],{"class":51},[37,142786,56],{"class":55},[37,142788,32],{"class":59},[37,142790,56],{"class":55},[37,142792,5482],{"class":51},[37,142794,4890],{"class":3788},[20,142796,39363],{},[28,142798,142800],{"className":30,"code":142799,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142801,142802],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142803,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142805,92],{"class":91},[37,142807,95],{"class":51},[37,142809,34816],{"class":102},[37,142811,292],{"class":51},[37,142813,8758],{"class":102},[37,142815,8755],{"class":51},[37,142817,141517],{"class":102},[37,142819,95],{"class":51},[37,142821,56],{"class":55},[37,142823,32],{"class":59},[37,142825,56],{"class":55},[37,142827,5482],{"class":51},[37,142829,3789],{"class":3788},[307,142831,29757,142833,137363],{"id":142832},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142834,127809],{},[20,142836,142837],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[28,142839,142841],{"className":30,"code":142840,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142842,142843,142851,142855,142860],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142844,142845,142847,142849],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142846,1194],{"class":43},[37,142848,48],{"class":47},[37,142850,125123],{"class":122},[37,142852,142853],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142854,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142856,142857],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142858,142859],{"class":3788},"# This will cause an error:\n",[37,142861,142862],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142863,142864],{"class":3788},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142866,39363],{},[28,142868,142870],{"className":30,"code":142869,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142871,142872,142886],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142873,142874,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142875,1194],{"class":43},[37,142877,48],{"class":47},[37,142879,48998],{"class":756},[37,142881,95],{"class":51},[37,142883,50339],{"class":122},[37,142885,85],{"class":51},[37,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142889,92],{"class":91},[37,142891,95],{"class":51},[37,142893,1215],{"class":102},[37,142895,292],{"class":51},[37,142897,141517],{"class":102},[37,142899,95],{"class":51},[37,142901,56],{"class":55},[37,142903,501],{"class":59},[37,142905,56],{"class":55},[37,142907,5482],{"class":51},[37,142909,3789],{"class":3788},[307,142911,37306,142913,8823,142915],{"id":142912},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142914,127809],{},[15,142916,1773],{},[20,142918,142919,142921],{},[15,142920,127809],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142923,142924,142925,142927,142928,292],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142926,1773],{}," or methods like ",[285,142929,142930],{"href":124451},[15,142931,124436],{},[28,142933,142935],{"className":30,"code":142934,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142936,142937,142949,142953,142977],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,142938,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,142940,34795],{"class":43},[37,142942,48],{"class":47},[37,142944,68],{"class":55},[37,142946,60497],{"class":59},[37,142948,3484],{"class":55},[37,142950,142951],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,142952,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,142954,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,142956,92],{"class":91},[37,142958,95],{"class":51},[37,142960,34816],{"class":102},[37,142962,292],{"class":51},[37,142964,141517],{"class":102},[37,142966,95],{"class":51},[37,142968,56],{"class":55},[37,142970,60682],{"class":59},[37,142972,56],{"class":55},[37,142974,5482],{"class":51},[37,142976,4890],{"class":3788},[37,142978,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,142980,92],{"class":91},[37,142982,95],{"class":51},[37,142984,56],{"class":55},[37,142986,60682],{"class":59},[37,142988,56],{"class":55},[37,142990,21280],{"class":1483},[37,142992,42940],{"class":102},[37,142994,18],{"class":51},[37,142996,142997],{"class":3788},"           # True\n",[20,142999,135915,143000,292],{},[285,143001,127477],{"href":123696},[307,143003,4823,143005,851,143007,143009],{"id":143004},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143006,36182],{},[15,143008,52752],{}," use index positions",[20,143011,143012,143013,292],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143014,1070],{},[28,143016,143018],{"className":30,"code":143017,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143019,143020,143033,143037],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143021,143022,143024,143026,143028,143031],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143023,34795],{"class":43},[37,143025,48],{"class":47},[37,143027,68],{"class":55},[37,143029,143030],{"class":59},"abcdef",[37,143032,3484],{"class":55},[37,143034,143035],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143036,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,143038,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143040,92],{"class":91},[37,143042,95],{"class":51},[37,143044,34816],{"class":102},[37,143046,292],{"class":51},[37,143048,141517],{"class":102},[37,143050,95],{"class":51},[37,143052,56],{"class":55},[37,143054,143055],{"class":59},"cd",[37,143057,56],{"class":55},[37,143059,65],{"class":51},[37,143061,890],{"class":122},[37,143063,5482],{"class":51},[37,143065,3789],{"class":3788},[307,143067,143069],{"id":143068},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143071,143072],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143074,16753],{},[28,143076,143078],{"className":30,"code":143077,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143079,143080],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143081,143082],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143083,143077],{"class":3788},[20,143085,16765],{},[28,143087,143089],{"className":30,"code":143088,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143090,143091,143103],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143092,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143094,34795],{"class":43},[37,143096,48],{"class":47},[37,143098,68],{"class":55},[37,143100,7418],{"class":59},[37,143102,3484],{"class":55},[37,143104,143105,143107,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143130,143132,143134],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143106,92],{"class":91},[37,143108,95],{"class":51},[37,143110,34816],{"class":102},[37,143112,292],{"class":51},[37,143114,141517],{"class":102},[37,143116,5632],{"class":51},[37,143118,56],{"class":55},[37,143120,141628],{"class":59},[37,143122,56],{"class":55},[37,143124,65],{"class":51},[37,143126,68],{"class":55},[37,143128,143129],{"class":59},"Ja",[37,143131,56],{"class":55},[37,143133,51184],{"class":51},[37,143135,3789],{"class":3788},[20,143137,1889],{},[28,143139,143141],{"className":30,"code":143140,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143142,143143,143153,143167,143189,143215],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143144,143145,143147,143149,143151],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143146,92],{"class":91},[37,143148,95],{"class":51},[37,143150,34816],{"class":102},[37,143152,85],{"class":51},[37,143154,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163,143165],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143156,92],{"class":91},[37,143158,95],{"class":51},[37,143160,757],{"class":756},[37,143162,95],{"class":51},[37,143164,34816],{"class":102},[37,143166,106],{"class":51},[37,143168,143169,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185,143187],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143170,92],{"class":91},[37,143172,95],{"class":51},[37,143174,34816],{"class":102},[37,143176,292],{"class":51},[37,143178,141517],{"class":102},[37,143180,95],{"class":51},[37,143182,56],{"class":55},[37,143184,141628],{"class":59},[37,143186,56],{"class":55},[37,143188,106],{"class":51},[37,143190,143191,143193,143195,143197,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143211,143213],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,143192,92],{"class":91},[37,143194,95],{"class":51},[37,143196,34816],{"class":102},[37,143198,292],{"class":51},[37,143200,8758],{"class":102},[37,143202,8755],{"class":51},[37,143204,141517],{"class":102},[37,143206,95],{"class":51},[37,143208,56],{"class":55},[37,143210,128887],{"class":59},[37,143212,56],{"class":55},[37,143214,106],{"class":51},[37,143216,143217,143219,143221,143223,143225,143227,143229,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239,143241,143243],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,143218,92],{"class":91},[37,143220,95],{"class":51},[37,143222,34816],{"class":102},[37,143224,292],{"class":51},[37,143226,141517],{"class":102},[37,143228,5632],{"class":51},[37,143230,56],{"class":55},[37,143232,141628],{"class":59},[37,143234,56],{"class":55},[37,143236,65],{"class":51},[37,143238,68],{"class":55},[37,143240,143129],{"class":59},[37,143242,56],{"class":55},[37,143244,3041],{"class":51},[130,143246,1969],{"id":1968},[307,143248,1983,143250,128287],{"id":143249},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143251,127809],{},[20,143253,143254,143255,3006,143257,292],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143256,3729],{},[15,143258,3799],{},[307,143260,5290,143262,143264],{"id":143261},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143263,127809],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143266,143267],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[28,143269,143271],{"className":30,"code":143270,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143272,143273],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143274,143275,143277,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287,143289,143291,143293,143295,143297],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143276,34816],{"class":43},[37,143278,292],{"class":51},[37,143280,141517],{"class":102},[37,143282,5632],{"class":51},[37,143284,56],{"class":55},[37,143286,285],{"class":59},[37,143288,56],{"class":55},[37,143290,65],{"class":51},[37,143292,68],{"class":55},[37,143294,777],{"class":59},[37,143296,56],{"class":55},[37,143298,106],{"class":51},[307,143300,15013,143302,124777],{"id":143301},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143303,127809],{},[20,143305,129970],{},[307,143307,5300,143309,851,143311,2623],{"id":143308},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143310,127809],{},[15,143312,1773],{},[20,143314,143315,143317,143318,143320],{},[15,143316,127809],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143319,1773],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[307,143322,28435,143324,851,143326,8823,143328,2623],{"id":143323},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143325,36182],{},[15,143327,52752],{},[15,143329,127809],{},[20,143331,143332],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[130,143334,2025],{"id":2024},[135,143336,143337,143343,143349,143355,143359],{},[138,143338,143339],{},[285,143340,126441,143341,10856],{"href":130035},[15,143342,126499],{},[138,143344,143345],{},[285,143346,126441,143347,10856],{"href":124451},[15,143348,124436],{},[138,143350,143351],{},[285,143352,126441,143353,10856],{"href":124168},[15,143354,124171],{},[138,143356,143357],{},[285,143358,124840],{"href":123696},[138,143360,143361],{},[285,143362,125196],{"href":51068},[2052,143364,143365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":141842,"depth":88,"text":141843,"children":143372},[143373,143374,143375,143376],{"id":141680,"depth":251,"text":141680},{"id":36182,"depth":251,"text":36182},{"id":52752,"depth":251,"text":52752},{"id":142009,"depth":251,"text":142010},{"id":17527,"depth":88,"text":17528},{"id":142187,"depth":88,"text":143379},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142341,"depth":88,"text":142342},{"id":124087,"depth":88,"text":124088},{"id":142643,"depth":88,"text":143383},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":143385},[143386,143387,143389,143391,143393],{"id":142749,"depth":251,"text":138881},{"id":142832,"depth":251,"text":143388},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142912,"depth":251,"text":143390},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143004,"depth":251,"text":143392},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143068,"depth":251,"text":143069},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":143395},[143396,143398,143400,143402,143404],{"id":143249,"depth":251,"text":143397},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143261,"depth":251,"text":143399},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143301,"depth":251,"text":143401},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143308,"depth":251,"text":143403},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143323,"depth":251,"text":143405},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141463,"description":143407},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143414,"title":143415,"body":143416,"description":144870,"extension":2099,"meta":144871,"navigation":254,"path":144872,"seo":144873,"stem":144874,"__hash__":144875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143417,"toc":144840},[143418,143423,143428,143431,143433,143477,143479,143487,143492,143497,143502,143504,143522,143524,143570,143572,143586,143595,143599,143601,143603,143615,143620,143623,143655,143657,143666,143671,143674,143715,143717,143725,143727,143740,143746,143750,143753,143769,143771,143820,143822,143831,143834,143893,143895,143904,143911,143914,143967,143969,143993,144000,144006,144010,144016,144019,144030,144032,144072,144074,144082,144084,144124,144126,144135,144137,144155,144158,144165,144176,144179,144196,144198,144275,144277,144308,144311,144313,144316,144342,144344,144384,144386,144395,144405,144413,144421,144426,144431,144433,144447,144449,144500,144502,144511,144521,144523,144525,144547,144550,144629,144631,144667,144670,144745,144750,144752,144758,144763,144768,144771,144777,144780,144787,144795,144799,144807,144809,144837],[10,143419,123442,143421,11437],{"id":143420},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143422,41753],{},[20,143424,32424,143425,143427],{},[15,143426,41753],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143429,143430],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[130,143432,3734],{"id":3733},[28,143434,143436],{"className":30,"code":143435,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143437,143438,143451,143466],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143439,143440,143442,143444,143446,143449],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143441,34795],{"class":43},[37,143443,48],{"class":47},[37,143445,68],{"class":55},[37,143447,143448],{"class":59},"  hello  ",[37,143450,3484],{"class":55},[37,143452,143453,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143454,143455],{"class":43},"clean_text ",[37,143457,48],{"class":47},[37,143459,42940],{"class":43},[37,143461,292],{"class":51},[37,143463,8752],{"class":102},[37,143465,8761],{"class":51},[37,143467,143468,143470,143472,143475],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143469,92],{"class":91},[37,143471,95],{"class":51},[37,143473,143474],{"class":102},"clean_text",[37,143476,85],{"class":51},[20,143478,112],{},[28,143480,143481],{"className":30,"code":138756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,143482,143483],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143484,143485],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143486,138756],{"class":43},[20,143488,22,143489,143491],{},[15,143490,41753],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[130,143493,296,143495,3805],{"id":143494},"what-strip-does",[15,143496,41753],{},[20,143498,143499,143501],{},[15,143500,41753],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143503,13164],{},[135,143505,143506,143510,143513,143516,143519],{},[138,143507,143508,131791],{},[15,143509,41753],{},[138,143511,143512],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[138,143514,143515],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[138,143517,143518],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[138,143520,143521],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143523,197],{},[28,143525,143527],{"className":30,"code":143526,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143528,143529,143542,143546,143560],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143530,143531,143533,143535,143537,143540],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143532,34795],{"class":43},[37,143534,48],{"class":47},[37,143536,68],{"class":55},[37,143538,143539],{"class":59},"  hello world  ",[37,143541,3484],{"class":55},[37,143543,143544],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143545,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,143547,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556,143558],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143549,92],{"class":91},[37,143551,95],{"class":51},[37,143553,34816],{"class":102},[37,143555,292],{"class":51},[37,143557,8752],{"class":102},[37,143559,7315],{"class":51},[37,143561,143562,143564,143566,143568],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,143563,92],{"class":91},[37,143565,95],{"class":51},[37,143567,34816],{"class":102},[37,143569,85],{"class":51},[20,143571,112],{},[28,143573,143575],{"className":30,"code":143574,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143576,143577,143581],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143578,143579],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143580,134457],{"class":43},[37,143582,143583],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143584,143585],{"class":43},"  hello world\n",[20,143587,143588,143589,143591,143592,143594],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143590,41753],{},", but the original ",[15,143593,34816],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143596,125193,143597,292],{},[285,143598,125196],{"href":51068},[130,143600,159],{"id":158},[20,143602,26593],{},[135,143604,143605,143610],{},[138,143606,143607],{},[15,143608,143609],{},"string.strip()",[138,143611,143612],{},[15,143613,143614],{},"string.strip(chars)",[307,143616,143618],{"id":143617},"stringstrip",[15,143619,143609],{},[20,143621,143622],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[28,143624,143626],{"className":30,"code":143625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143627,143628,143641],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143629,143630,143632,143634,143636,143639],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143631,7996],{"class":43},[37,143633,48],{"class":47},[37,143635,68],{"class":55},[37,143637,143638],{"class":59},"  Alice  ",[37,143640,3484],{"class":55},[37,143642,143643,143645,143647,143649,143651,143653],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143644,92],{"class":91},[37,143646,95],{"class":51},[37,143648,7790],{"class":102},[37,143650,292],{"class":51},[37,143652,8752],{"class":102},[37,143654,7315],{"class":51},[20,143656,112],{},[28,143658,143660],{"className":30,"code":143659,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Alice\n",[15,143661,143662],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143663,143664],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143665,143659],{"class":43},[307,143667,143669],{"id":143668},"stringstripchars",[15,143670,143614],{},[20,143672,143673],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[28,143675,143677],{"className":30,"code":143676,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143678,143679,143692],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143680,143681,143683,143685,143687,143690],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143682,34795],{"class":43},[37,143684,48],{"class":47},[37,143686,68],{"class":55},[37,143688,143689],{"class":59},"!!hello??",[37,143691,3484],{"class":55},[37,143693,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708,143711,143713],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143695,92],{"class":91},[37,143697,95],{"class":51},[37,143699,34816],{"class":102},[37,143701,292],{"class":51},[37,143703,8752],{"class":102},[37,143705,95],{"class":51},[37,143707,56],{"class":55},[37,143709,143710],{"class":59},"!?",[37,143712,56],{"class":55},[37,143714,106],{"class":51},[20,143716,112],{},[28,143718,143719],{"className":30,"code":138756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,143720,143721],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143722,143723],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143724,138756],{"class":43},[20,143726,83908],{},[135,143728,143729,143734],{},[138,143730,143731,143733],{},[15,143732,134700],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[138,143735,143736,143737,143739],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143738,134700],{}," does not matter",[130,143741,143743,143744],{"id":143742},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143745,41753],{},[20,143747,30993,143748,292],{},[15,143749,41753],{},[20,143751,143752],{},"It is useful for:",[135,143754,143755,143760,143763,143766],{},[138,143756,143757,143758,4010],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143759,3087],{},[138,143761,143762],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[138,143764,143765],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[138,143767,143768],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143770,48456],{},[28,143772,143774],{"className":30,"code":143773,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143775,143776,143789,143805,143809],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143777,143778,143780,143782,143784,143787],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143779,8081],{"class":43},[37,143781,48],{"class":47},[37,143783,68],{"class":55},[37,143785,143786],{"class":59},"  sam  ",[37,143788,3484],{"class":55},[37,143790,143791,143794,143796,143799,143801,143803],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143792,143793],{"class":43},"clean_username ",[37,143795,48],{"class":47},[37,143797,143798],{"class":43}," username",[37,143800,292],{"class":51},[37,143802,8752],{"class":102},[37,143804,8761],{"class":51},[37,143806,143807],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143808,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,143810,143811,143813,143815,143818],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,143812,92],{"class":91},[37,143814,95],{"class":51},[37,143816,143817],{"class":102},"clean_username",[37,143819,85],{"class":51},[20,143821,112],{},[28,143823,143825],{"className":30,"code":143824,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"sam\n",[15,143826,143827],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143828,143829],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143830,143824],{"class":43},[20,143832,143833],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[28,143835,143837],{"className":30,"code":143836,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143838,143839,143852,143856,143878],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143840,143841,143843,143845,143847,143850],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143842,136684],{"class":43},[37,143844,48],{"class":47},[37,143846,68],{"class":55},[37,143848,143849],{"class":59}," yes  ",[37,143851,3484],{"class":55},[37,143853,143854],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143855,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,143857,143858,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143859,1484],{"class":1483},[37,143861,136704],{"class":43},[37,143863,292],{"class":51},[37,143865,8752],{"class":102},[37,143867,7487],{"class":51},[37,143869,1495],{"class":47},[37,143871,68],{"class":55},[37,143873,8776],{"class":59},[37,143875,56],{"class":55},[37,143877,1501],{"class":51},[37,143879,143880,143882,143884,143886,143889,143891],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,143881,1506],{"class":91},[37,143883,95],{"class":51},[37,143885,56],{"class":55},[37,143887,143888],{"class":59},"Matched",[37,143890,56],{"class":55},[37,143892,85],{"class":51},[20,143894,112],{},[28,143896,143898],{"className":30,"code":143897,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Matched\n",[15,143899,143900],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143901,143902],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143903,143897],{"class":43},[20,143905,143906,143907,292],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[285,143908,143910],{"href":143909},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143912,143913],{},"Example with file-style text:",[28,143915,143917],{"className":30,"code":143916,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143918,143919,143935,143949],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143920,143921,143924,143926,143928,143931,143933],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143922,143923],{"class":43},"line ",[37,143925,48],{"class":47},[37,143927,68],{"class":55},[37,143929,143930],{"class":59},"Python basics",[37,143932,87240],{"class":34560},[37,143934,3484],{"class":55},[37,143936,143937,143939,143941,143943,143945,143947],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143938,92],{"class":91},[37,143940,95],{"class":51},[37,143942,41879],{"class":91},[37,143944,95],{"class":51},[37,143946,39],{"class":102},[37,143948,106],{"class":51},[37,143950,143951,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961,143963,143965],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,143952,92],{"class":91},[37,143954,95],{"class":51},[37,143956,41879],{"class":91},[37,143958,95],{"class":51},[37,143960,39],{"class":102},[37,143962,292],{"class":51},[37,143964,8752],{"class":102},[37,143966,6411],{"class":51},[20,143968,112],{},[28,143970,143972],{"className":30,"code":143971,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143973,143974,143985],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,143975,143976,143978,143980,143983],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,143977,821],{"class":43427},[37,143979,143930],{"class":43431},[37,143981,87240],{"class":143982},"sfi6f",[37,143984,29807],{"class":43427},[37,143986,143987,143989,143991],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,143988,821],{"class":43427},[37,143990,143930],{"class":43431},[37,143992,29807],{"class":43427},[20,143994,1872,143995,143997,143998,292],{},[15,143996,122656],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143999,87240],{},[20,144001,144002,144003,292],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[285,144004,144005],{"href":87893},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[130,144007,144009],{"id":144008},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144011,144012,144013,292],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144014,144015],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144017,144018],{},"Python will:",[135,144020,144021,144024,144027],{},[138,144022,144023],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[138,144025,144026],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[138,144028,144029],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144031,197],{},[28,144033,144035],{"className":30,"code":144034,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144036,144037,144050],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144038,144039,144041,144043,144045,144048],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144040,34795],{"class":43},[37,144042,48],{"class":47},[37,144044,68],{"class":55},[37,144046,144047],{"class":59},"??hello!!",[37,144049,3484],{"class":55},[37,144051,144052,144054,144056,144058,144060,144062,144064,144066,144068,144070],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144053,92],{"class":91},[37,144055,95],{"class":51},[37,144057,34816],{"class":102},[37,144059,292],{"class":51},[37,144061,8752],{"class":102},[37,144063,95],{"class":51},[37,144065,56],{"class":55},[37,144067,143710],{"class":59},[37,144069,56],{"class":55},[37,144071,106],{"class":51},[20,144073,112],{},[28,144075,144076],{"className":30,"code":138756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,144077,144078],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144079,144080],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144081,138756],{"class":43},[20,144083,52171],{},[28,144085,144087],{"className":30,"code":144086,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144088,144089,144102],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144090,144091,144093,144095,144097,144100],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144092,34795],{"class":43},[37,144094,48],{"class":47},[37,144096,68],{"class":55},[37,144098,144099],{"class":59},"abcHelloCba",[37,144101,3484],{"class":55},[37,144103,144104,144106,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144105,92],{"class":91},[37,144107,95],{"class":51},[37,144109,34816],{"class":102},[37,144111,292],{"class":51},[37,144113,8752],{"class":102},[37,144115,95],{"class":51},[37,144117,56],{"class":55},[37,144119,41660],{"class":59},[37,144121,56],{"class":55},[37,144123,106],{"class":51},[20,144125,112],{},[28,144127,144129],{"className":30,"code":144128,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"HelloC\n",[15,144130,144131],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144132,144133],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144134,144128],{"class":43},[20,144136,6356],{},[20,144138,144139,14163,144142,144144,144145,144147,144148,2321,144150,2325,144152,144154],{},[15,144140,144141],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[110,144143,711],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144146,41660],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144149,285],{},[15,144151,777],{},[15,144153,1754],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144156,144157],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144159,144160,144161,6752],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[285,144162,144163],{"href":130022},[15,144164,124612],{},[130,144166,144168,10700,144170,10700,144173],{"id":144167},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144169,41753],{},[15,144171,144172],{},"lstrip()",[15,144174,144175],{},"rstrip()",[20,144177,144178],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[135,144180,144181,144186,144191],{},[138,144182,144183,144185],{},[15,144184,41753],{}," removes from both ends",[138,144187,144188,144190],{},[15,144189,144172],{}," removes from the left side only",[138,144192,144193,144195],{},[15,144194,144175],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144197,197],{},[28,144199,144201],{"className":30,"code":144200,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144202,144203,144215,144219,144237,144256],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144204,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144206,34795],{"class":43},[37,144208,48],{"class":47},[37,144210,68],{"class":55},[37,144212,143448],{"class":59},[37,144214,3484],{"class":55},[37,144216,144217],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144218,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,144220,144221,144223,144225,144227,144229,144231,144233,144235],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144222,92],{"class":91},[37,144224,95],{"class":51},[37,144226,41879],{"class":91},[37,144228,95],{"class":51},[37,144230,34816],{"class":102},[37,144232,292],{"class":51},[37,144234,8752],{"class":102},[37,144236,6411],{"class":51},[37,144238,144239,144241,144243,144245,144247,144249,144251,144254],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,144240,92],{"class":91},[37,144242,95],{"class":51},[37,144244,41879],{"class":91},[37,144246,95],{"class":51},[37,144248,34816],{"class":102},[37,144250,292],{"class":51},[37,144252,144253],{"class":102},"lstrip",[37,144255,6411],{"class":51},[37,144257,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270,144273],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,144259,92],{"class":91},[37,144261,95],{"class":51},[37,144263,41879],{"class":91},[37,144265,95],{"class":51},[37,144267,34816],{"class":102},[37,144269,292],{"class":51},[37,144271,144272],{"class":102},"rstrip",[37,144274,6411],{"class":51},[20,144276,112],{},[28,144278,144280],{"className":30,"code":144279,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144281,144282,144290,144299],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144283,144284,144286,144288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144285,821],{"class":43427},[37,144287,3970],{"class":43431},[37,144289,29807],{"class":43427},[37,144291,144292,144294,144297],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144293,821],{"class":43427},[37,144295,144296],{"class":43431},"hello  ",[37,144298,29807],{"class":43427},[37,144300,144301,144303,144306],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144302,821],{"class":43427},[37,144304,144305],{"class":43431},"  hello",[37,144307,29807],{"class":43427},[20,144309,144310],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[130,144312,108450],{"id":108449},[20,144314,144315],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[135,144317,144318,144326,144336,144339],{},[138,144319,144320,144322,144323,144325],{},[15,144321,144141],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144324,41629],{}," once",[138,144327,144328,144329,2321,144331,2325,144333,144335],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144330,285],{},[15,144332,777],{},[15,144334,1754],{}," from both ends",[138,144337,144338],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[138,144340,144341],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144343,197],{},[28,144345,144347],{"className":30,"code":144346,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144348,144349,144362],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144350,144351,144353,144355,144357,144360],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144352,126524],{"class":43},[37,144354,48],{"class":47},[37,144356,68],{"class":55},[37,144358,144359],{"class":59},"txt_report.txt",[37,144361,3484],{"class":55},[37,144363,144364,144366,144368,144370,144372,144374,144376,144378,144380,144382],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144365,92],{"class":91},[37,144367,95],{"class":51},[37,144369,126542],{"class":102},[37,144371,292],{"class":51},[37,144373,8752],{"class":102},[37,144375,95],{"class":51},[37,144377,56],{"class":55},[37,144379,126577],{"class":59},[37,144381,56],{"class":55},[37,144383,106],{"class":51},[20,144385,112],{},[28,144387,144389],{"className":30,"code":144388,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"_report\n",[15,144390,144391],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144392,144393],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144394,144388],{"class":43},[20,144396,144397,144398,2321,144400,2325,144402,144404],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144399,292],{},[15,144401,63378],{},[15,144403,900],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144406,53745,144407,4902,144410,144412],{},[15,144408,144409],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[110,144411,711],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144414,144415,144416,144420],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[285,144417,144418],{"href":130022},[15,144419,124612],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[130,144422,5080,144424],{"id":144423},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144425,41753],{},[20,144427,22,144428,144430],{},[15,144429,41753],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144432,36527],{},[135,144434,144435,144439,144441,144444],{},[138,144436,143757,144437,4010],{},[15,144438,3087],{},[138,144440,143762],{},[138,144442,144443],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[138,144445,144446],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144448,197],{},[28,144450,144452],{"className":30,"code":144451,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144453,144454,144468,144472,144485],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144455,144456,144459,144461,144463,144466],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144457,144458],{"class":43},"email ",[37,144460,48],{"class":47},[37,144462,68],{"class":55},[37,144464,144465],{"class":59},"  user@example.com  ",[37,144467,3484],{"class":55},[37,144469,144470],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144471,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,144473,144474,144476,144479,144481,144483],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144475,1484],{"class":1483},[37,144477,144478],{"class":43}," email",[37,144480,292],{"class":51},[37,144482,8752],{"class":102},[37,144484,21702],{"class":51},[37,144486,144487,144489,144491,144493,144496,144498],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,144488,1506],{"class":91},[37,144490,95],{"class":51},[37,144492,56],{"class":55},[37,144494,144495],{"class":59},"Email was entered",[37,144497,56],{"class":55},[37,144499,85],{"class":51},[20,144501,112],{},[28,144503,144505],{"className":30,"code":144504,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Email was entered\n",[15,144506,144507],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144508,144509],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144510,144504],{"class":43},[20,144512,144513,144514,144516,144517,292],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144515,41753],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[285,144518,144519],{"href":124168},[15,144520,124171],{},[130,144522,1854],{"id":1853},[20,144524,84327],{},[135,144526,144527,144531,144536,144541],{},[138,144528,1880,144529,131661],{},[15,144530,41753],{},[138,144532,1880,144533,144535],{},[15,144534,41753],{}," to remove text from the middle",[138,144537,1872,144538,144540],{},[15,144539,144409],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[138,144542,4823,144543,144546],{},[15,144544,144545],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144548,144549],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[28,144551,144553],{"className":30,"code":144552,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144554,144555,144569,144573,144583,144597,144611],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144556,144557,144559,144561,144563,144565,144567],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144558,34795],{"class":43},[37,144560,48],{"class":47},[37,144562,68],{"class":55},[37,144564,144305],{"class":59},[37,144566,87240],{"class":34560},[37,144568,3484],{"class":55},[37,144570,144571],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144572,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,144574,144575,144577,144579,144581],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144576,92],{"class":91},[37,144578,95],{"class":51},[37,144580,34816],{"class":102},[37,144582,85],{"class":51},[37,144584,144585,144587,144589,144591,144593,144595],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,144586,92],{"class":91},[37,144588,95],{"class":51},[37,144590,41879],{"class":91},[37,144592,95],{"class":51},[37,144594,34816],{"class":102},[37,144596,106],{"class":51},[37,144598,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607,144609],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,144600,92],{"class":91},[37,144602,95],{"class":51},[37,144604,34816],{"class":102},[37,144606,292],{"class":51},[37,144608,8752],{"class":102},[37,144610,7315],{"class":51},[37,144612,144613,144615,144617,144619,144621,144623,144625,144627],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,144614,92],{"class":91},[37,144616,95],{"class":51},[37,144618,41879],{"class":91},[37,144620,95],{"class":51},[37,144622,34816],{"class":102},[37,144624,292],{"class":51},[37,144626,8752],{"class":102},[37,144628,6411],{"class":51},[20,144630,112],{},[28,144632,144634],{"className":30,"code":144633,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144635,144636,144641,144645,144655,144659],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144637,144638],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144639,144640],{"class":43},"  hello\n",[37,144642,144643],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144644,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,144646,144647,144649,144651,144653],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144648,821],{"class":43427},[37,144650,144305],{"class":43431},[37,144652,87240],{"class":143982},[37,144654,29807],{"class":43427},[37,144656,144657],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,144658,138756],{"class":43},[37,144660,144661,144663,144665],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,144662,821],{"class":43427},[37,144664,3970],{"class":43431},[37,144666,29807],{"class":43427},[20,144668,144669],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[28,144671,144673],{"className":30,"code":144672,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144674,144675,144685,144699,144713,144731],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144676,144677,144679,144681,144683],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144678,92],{"class":91},[37,144680,95],{"class":51},[37,144682,34816],{"class":102},[37,144684,85],{"class":51},[37,144686,144687,144689,144691,144693,144695,144697],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144688,92],{"class":91},[37,144690,95],{"class":51},[37,144692,41879],{"class":91},[37,144694,95],{"class":51},[37,144696,34816],{"class":102},[37,144698,106],{"class":51},[37,144700,144701,144703,144705,144707,144709,144711],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144702,92],{"class":91},[37,144704,95],{"class":51},[37,144706,34816],{"class":102},[37,144708,292],{"class":51},[37,144710,8752],{"class":102},[37,144712,7315],{"class":51},[37,144714,144715,144717,144719,144721,144723,144725,144727,144729],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,144716,92],{"class":91},[37,144718,95],{"class":51},[37,144720,41879],{"class":91},[37,144722,95],{"class":51},[37,144724,34816],{"class":102},[37,144726,292],{"class":51},[37,144728,8752],{"class":102},[37,144730,6411],{"class":51},[37,144732,144733,144735,144737,144739,144741,144743],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,144734,1937],{"class":91},[37,144736,95],{"class":51},[37,144738,3569],{"class":756},[37,144740,292],{"class":51},[37,144742,8752],{"class":24857},[37,144744,85],{"class":51},[20,144746,144747,144749],{},[15,144748,122656],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[130,144751,1969],{"id":1968},[307,144753,1983,144755,144757],{"id":144754},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144756,41753],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144759,1989,144760,144762],{},[15,144761,41753],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[307,144764,1983,144766,124768],{"id":144765},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144767,41753],{},[20,144769,144770],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[307,144772,5262,144774,144776],{"id":144773},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144775,41753],{}," remove by default?",[20,144778,144779],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[307,144781,34312,144783,34315,144785,2623],{"id":144782},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144784,41753],{},[15,144786,124612],{},[20,144788,144789,144791,144792,144794],{},[15,144790,41753],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144793,124612],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[307,144796,144798],{"id":144797},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144800,128314,144801,144803,144804,144806],{},[15,144802,144172],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144805,144175],{}," for the right side.",[130,144808,2025],{"id":2024},[135,144810,144811,144817,144823,144828,144833],{},[138,144812,144813],{},[285,144814,126441,144815,10856],{"href":124168},[15,144816,124171],{},[138,144818,144819],{},[285,144820,126441,144821,10856],{"href":130022},[15,144822,124612],{},[138,144824,144825],{},[285,144826,144827],{"href":143909},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[138,144829,144830],{},[285,144831,144832],{"href":87893},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[138,144834,144835],{},[285,144836,125196],{"href":51068},[2052,144838,144839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":144841},[144842,144843,144845,144849,144851,144852,144854,144855,144857,144858,144869],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":143494,"depth":88,"text":144844},"What strip() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":144846},[144847,144848],{"id":143617,"depth":251,"text":143609},{"id":143668,"depth":251,"text":143614},{"id":143742,"depth":88,"text":144850},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144008,"depth":88,"text":144009},{"id":144167,"depth":88,"text":144853},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108449,"depth":88,"text":108450},{"id":144423,"depth":88,"text":144856},"When to use strip()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":144859},[144860,144862,144864,144866,144868],{"id":144754,"depth":251,"text":144861},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144765,"depth":251,"text":144863},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144773,"depth":251,"text":144865},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144782,"depth":251,"text":144867},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144797,"depth":251,"text":144798},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143415,"description":144870},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144877,"title":144878,"body":144879,"description":146059,"extension":2099,"meta":146060,"navigation":254,"path":146061,"seo":146062,"stem":146063,"__hash__":146064},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144880,"toc":146029},[144881,144886,144891,144896,144898,144944,144952,144957,144971,144977,144979,144981,144996,144998,145008,145011,145042,145045,145068,145070,145073,145130,145132,145146,145148,145162,145168,145173,145176,145217,145219,145228,145236,145239,145284,145286,145295,145298,145302,145307,145321,145323,145355,145357,145377,145380,145385,145390,145392,145403,145406,145463,145465,145473,145482,145484,145486,145492,145494,145531,145533,145541,145543,145584,145586,145595,145600,145605,145607,145634,145641,145644,145675,145677,145686,145692,145701,145732,145734,145746,145759,145763,145768,145798,145800,145867,145869,145879,145881,145886,145889,145894,145899,145903,145909,145915,145918,145920,145978,145980,145988,145990,146026],[10,144882,123442,144884,11437],{"id":144883},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144885,128319],{},[20,144887,123447,144888,144890],{},[15,144889,128319],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144892,84704,144893,144895],{},[15,144894,128319],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[130,144897,2140],{"id":2139},[28,144899,144901],{"className":30,"code":144900,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144902,144903,144915,144929,144939],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144904,144905,144907,144909,144911,144913],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144906,34795],{"class":43},[37,144908,48],{"class":47},[37,144910,68],{"class":55},[37,144912,129160],{"class":59},[37,144914,3484],{"class":55},[37,144916,144917,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,144918,2362],{"class":43},[37,144920,48],{"class":47},[37,144922,42940],{"class":43},[37,144924,292],{"class":51},[37,144926,34585],{"class":102},[37,144928,8761],{"class":51},[37,144930,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,144932,92],{"class":91},[37,144934,95],{"class":51},[37,144936,2397],{"class":102},[37,144938,85],{"class":51},[37,144940,144941],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,144942,144943],{"class":3788},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144945,144946,144948,144949,144951],{},[15,144947,128319],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[110,144950,711],{}," change the original string in place.",[130,144953,296,144955,3805],{"id":144954},"what-upper-does",[15,144956,128319],{},[135,144958,144959,144964,144967,144969],{},[138,144960,144961,144963],{},[15,144962,128319],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[138,144965,144966],{},"It works on string values only",[138,144968,133689],{},[138,144970,136407],{},[20,144972,125193,144973,3006,144975,292],{},[285,144974,136413],{"href":136412},[285,144976,125196],{"href":51068},[130,144978,159],{"id":158},[20,144980,2293],{},[28,144982,144984],{"className":30,"code":144983,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"string.upper()\n",[15,144985,144986],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,144987,144988,144990,144992,144994],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,144989,61265],{"class":43},[37,144991,292],{"class":51},[37,144993,34585],{"class":102},[37,144995,8761],{"class":51},[20,144997,181],{},[135,144999,145000,145002,145005],{},[138,145001,97615],{},[138,145003,145004],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[138,145006,145007],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145009,145010],{},"Example with a variable:",[28,145012,145014],{"className":30,"code":145013,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145015,145016,145028],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145017,145018,145020,145022,145024,145026],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145019,7996],{"class":43},[37,145021,48],{"class":47},[37,145023,68],{"class":55},[37,145025,32],{"class":59},[37,145027,3484],{"class":55},[37,145029,145030,145032,145034,145036,145038,145040],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145031,92],{"class":91},[37,145033,95],{"class":51},[37,145035,7790],{"class":102},[37,145037,292],{"class":51},[37,145039,34585],{"class":102},[37,145041,7315],{"class":51},[20,145043,145044],{},"Example with a string literal:",[28,145046,145048],{"className":30,"code":145047,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145049,145050],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145051,145052,145054,145056,145058,145060,145062,145064,145066],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145053,92],{"class":91},[37,145055,95],{"class":51},[37,145057,56],{"class":55},[37,145059,3970],{"class":59},[37,145061,56],{"class":55},[37,145063,292],{"class":51},[37,145065,34585],{"class":102},[37,145067,7315],{"class":51},[130,145069,11590],{"id":11589},[20,145071,145072],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[28,145074,145076],{"className":30,"code":145075,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145077,145078,145090,145105,145109,145119],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145079,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145081,6275],{"class":43},[37,145083,48],{"class":47},[37,145085,68],{"class":55},[37,145087,338],{"class":59},[37,145089,3484],{"class":55},[37,145091,145092,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145093,145094],{"class":43},"uppercase_word ",[37,145096,48],{"class":47},[37,145098,38483],{"class":43},[37,145100,292],{"class":51},[37,145102,34585],{"class":102},[37,145104,8761],{"class":51},[37,145106,145107],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145108,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145110,145111,145113,145115,145117],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,145112,92],{"class":91},[37,145114,95],{"class":51},[37,145116,38492],{"class":102},[37,145118,85],{"class":51},[37,145120,145121,145123,145125,145128],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,145122,92],{"class":91},[37,145124,95],{"class":51},[37,145126,145127],{"class":102},"uppercase_word",[37,145129,85],{"class":51},[20,145131,112],{},[28,145133,145135],{"className":30,"code":145134,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145136,145137,145141],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145138,145139],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145140,70493],{"class":43},[37,145142,145143],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145144,145145],{"class":34560},"BANANA\n",[20,145147,112556],{},[135,145149,145150,145155],{},[138,145151,145152,145154],{},[15,145153,38492],{}," keeps its original value",[138,145156,145157,145159,145160],{},[15,145158,145127],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145161,128319],{},[130,145163,145165,145167],{"id":145164},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145166,128319],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145169,137073,145170,145172],{},[110,145171,137076],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145174,145175],{},"So this method:",[28,145177,145179],{"className":30,"code":145178,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145180,145181,145193,145203,145207],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145182,145183,145185,145187,145189,145191],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145184,7996],{"class":43},[37,145186,48],{"class":47},[37,145188,68],{"class":55},[37,145190,17911],{"class":59},[37,145192,3484],{"class":55},[37,145194,145195,145197,145199,145201],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145196,7790],{"class":43},[37,145198,292],{"class":51},[37,145200,34585],{"class":102},[37,145202,8761],{"class":51},[37,145204,145205],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145206,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145208,145209,145211,145213,145215],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,145210,92],{"class":91},[37,145212,95],{"class":51},[37,145214,7790],{"class":102},[37,145216,85],{"class":51},[20,145218,112],{},[28,145220,145222],{"className":30,"code":145221,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"alice\n",[15,145223,145224],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145225,145226],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145227,145221],{"class":43},[20,145229,21084,145230,145232,145233,145235],{},[15,145231,128319],{}," was called, ",[15,145234,7790],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145237,145238],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[28,145240,145242],{"className":30,"code":145241,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145243,145244,145256,145270,145274],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145245,145246,145248,145250,145252,145254],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145247,7996],{"class":43},[37,145249,48],{"class":47},[37,145251,68],{"class":55},[37,145253,17911],{"class":59},[37,145255,3484],{"class":55},[37,145257,145258,145260,145262,145264,145266,145268],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145259,7996],{"class":43},[37,145261,48],{"class":47},[37,145263,36101],{"class":43},[37,145265,292],{"class":51},[37,145267,34585],{"class":102},[37,145269,8761],{"class":51},[37,145271,145272],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145273,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145275,145276,145278,145280,145282],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,145277,92],{"class":91},[37,145279,95],{"class":51},[37,145281,7790],{"class":102},[37,145283,85],{"class":51},[20,145285,112],{},[28,145287,145289],{"className":30,"code":145288,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ALICE\n",[15,145290,145291],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145292,145293],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145294,145288],{"class":34560},[20,145296,145297],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[130,145299,145301],{"id":145300},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145303,145304,145306],{},[15,145305,128319],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[135,145308,145309,145312,145315,145318],{},[138,145310,145311],{},"Numbers stay the same",[138,145313,145314],{},"Spaces stay the same",[138,145316,145317],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[138,145319,145320],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145322,197],{},[28,145324,145326],{"className":30,"code":145325,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145327,145328,145341],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145329,145330,145332,145334,145336,145339],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145331,34795],{"class":43},[37,145333,48],{"class":47},[37,145335,68],{"class":55},[37,145337,145338],{"class":59},"Room 7, table #3!",[37,145340,3484],{"class":55},[37,145342,145343,145345,145347,145349,145351,145353],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145344,92],{"class":91},[37,145346,95],{"class":51},[37,145348,34816],{"class":102},[37,145350,292],{"class":51},[37,145352,34585],{"class":102},[37,145354,7315],{"class":51},[20,145356,112],{},[28,145358,145360],{"className":30,"code":145359,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145361,145362],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145363,145364,145367,145369,145371,145374],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145365,145366],{"class":34560},"ROOM",[37,145368,1564],{"class":122},[37,145370,65],{"class":51},[37,145372,145373],{"class":34560}," TABLE",[37,145375,145376],{"class":3788}," #3!\n",[20,145378,145379],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[130,145381,5080,145383],{"id":145382},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145384,128319],{},[20,145386,145387,145389],{},[15,145388,128319],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145391,48434],{},[135,145393,145394,145397,145400],{},[138,145395,145396],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[138,145398,145399],{},"Format labels or headings",[138,145401,145402],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145404,145405],{},"Example: simple comparison",[28,145407,145409],{"className":30,"code":145408,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145410,145411,145423,145427,145449],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145412,145413,145415,145417,145419,145421],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145414,136684],{"class":43},[37,145416,48],{"class":47},[37,145418,68],{"class":55},[37,145420,8776],{"class":59},[37,145422,3484],{"class":55},[37,145424,145425],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145426,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145428,145429,145431,145433,145435,145437,145439,145441,145443,145445,145447],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145430,1484],{"class":1483},[37,145432,136704],{"class":43},[37,145434,292],{"class":51},[37,145436,34585],{"class":102},[37,145438,7487],{"class":51},[37,145440,1495],{"class":47},[37,145442,68],{"class":55},[37,145444,136691],{"class":59},[37,145446,56],{"class":55},[37,145448,1501],{"class":51},[37,145450,145451,145453,145455,145457,145459,145461],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,145452,1506],{"class":91},[37,145454,95],{"class":51},[37,145456,56],{"class":55},[37,145458,143888],{"class":59},[37,145460,56],{"class":55},[37,145462,85],{"class":51},[20,145464,112],{},[28,145466,145467],{"className":30,"code":143897,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,145468,145469],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145470,145471],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145472,143897],{"class":43},[20,145474,145475,145476,2321,145478,2325,145480,292],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145477,8776],{},[15,145479,137477],{},[15,145481,136691],{},[130,145483,1854],{"id":1853},[307,145485,95976],{"id":95975},[20,145487,8234,145488,145491],{},[15,145489,145490],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145493,16753],{},[28,145495,145497],{"className":30,"code":145496,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145498,145499,145511,145521],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145500,145501,145503,145505,145507,145509],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145502,34795],{"class":43},[37,145504,48],{"class":47},[37,145506,68],{"class":55},[37,145508,3970],{"class":59},[37,145510,3484],{"class":55},[37,145512,145513,145515,145517,145519],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145514,34816],{"class":43},[37,145516,292],{"class":51},[37,145518,34585],{"class":102},[37,145520,8761],{"class":51},[37,145522,145523,145525,145527,145529],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145524,92],{"class":91},[37,145526,95],{"class":51},[37,145528,34816],{"class":102},[37,145530,85],{"class":51},[20,145532,112],{},[28,145534,145535],{"className":30,"code":138756,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,145536,145537],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145538,145539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145540,138756],{"class":43},[20,145542,16765],{},[28,145544,145546],{"className":30,"code":145545,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145547,145548,145560,145574],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145549,145550,145552,145554,145556,145558],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145551,34795],{"class":43},[37,145553,48],{"class":47},[37,145555,68],{"class":55},[37,145557,3970],{"class":59},[37,145559,3484],{"class":55},[37,145561,145562,145564,145566,145568,145570,145572],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145563,34795],{"class":43},[37,145565,48],{"class":47},[37,145567,42940],{"class":43},[37,145569,292],{"class":51},[37,145571,34585],{"class":102},[37,145573,8761],{"class":51},[37,145575,145576,145578,145580,145582],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145577,92],{"class":91},[37,145579,95],{"class":51},[37,145581,34816],{"class":102},[37,145583,85],{"class":51},[20,145585,112],{},[28,145587,145589],{"className":30,"code":145588,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"HELLO\n",[15,145590,145591],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145592,145593],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145594,145588],{"class":34560},[307,145596,19015,145598,137363],{"id":145597},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145599,128319],{},[20,145601,145602,145604],{},[15,145603,128319],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145606,197],{},[28,145608,145610],{"className":30,"code":145609,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145611,145612,145620],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145613,145614,145616,145618],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145615,2349],{"class":43},[37,145617,48],{"class":47},[37,145619,125123],{"class":122},[37,145621,145622,145624,145626,145628,145630,145632],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145623,92],{"class":91},[37,145625,95],{"class":51},[37,145627,2372],{"class":102},[37,145629,292],{"class":51},[37,145631,34585],{"class":102},[37,145633,7315],{"class":51},[20,145635,1382,145636,145638,145639,33707],{},[15,145637,818],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145640,128319],{},[20,145642,145643],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[28,145645,145647],{"className":30,"code":145646,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145648,145649,145657],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145650,145651,145653,145655],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145652,2349],{"class":43},[37,145654,48],{"class":47},[37,145656,125123],{"class":122},[37,145658,145659,145661,145663,145665,145667,145669,145671,145673],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145660,92],{"class":91},[37,145662,95],{"class":51},[37,145664,3569],{"class":756},[37,145666,95],{"class":51},[37,145668,2372],{"class":102},[37,145670,8749],{"class":51},[37,145672,34585],{"class":102},[37,145674,7315],{"class":51},[20,145676,112],{},[28,145678,145680],{"className":30,"code":145679,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"123\n",[15,145681,145682],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145683,145684],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145685,145679],{"class":122},[307,145687,37306,145689,145691],{"id":145688},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145690,128319],{}," with title case",[20,145693,145694,145696,145697,145700],{},[15,145695,128319],{}," makes ",[110,145698,145699],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[28,145702,145704],{"className":30,"code":145703,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145705,145706,145718],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145707,145708,145710,145712,145714,145716],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145709,34795],{"class":43},[37,145711,48],{"class":47},[37,145713,68],{"class":55},[37,145715,60497],{"class":59},[37,145717,3484],{"class":55},[37,145719,145720,145722,145724,145726,145728,145730],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145721,92],{"class":91},[37,145723,95],{"class":51},[37,145725,34816],{"class":102},[37,145727,292],{"class":51},[37,145729,34585],{"class":102},[37,145731,7315],{"class":51},[20,145733,112],{},[28,145735,145737],{"className":30,"code":145736,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145738,145739],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145740,145741,145743],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145742,136465],{"class":34560},[37,145744,145745],{"class":34560}," WORLD\n",[20,145747,145748,145749,145753,145754,145758],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[285,145750,145751],{"href":124168},[15,145752,124171],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[285,145755,145756],{"href":130022},[15,145757,124612],{}," changes parts of a string.",[130,145760,145762],{"id":145761},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145764,145765,145766,3013],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145767,128319],{},[135,145769,145770,145777,145784,145791],{},[138,145771,145772,145776],{},[285,145773,145774],{"href":124168},[15,145775,124171],{}," for lowercase text",[138,145778,145779,145783],{},[285,145780,145781],{"href":137011},[15,145782,41753],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[138,145785,145786,145790],{},[285,145787,145788],{"href":130022},[15,145789,124612],{}," for changing parts of a string",[138,145792,145793,851,145795,145797],{},[15,145794,127809],{},[15,145796,126499],{}," for checks",[20,145799,197],{},[28,145801,145803],{"className":30,"code":145802,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145804,145805,145817,145821,145836,145852,145856],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145806,145807,145809,145811,145813,145815],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145808,34795],{"class":43},[37,145810,48],{"class":47},[37,145812,68],{"class":55},[37,145814,143539],{"class":59},[37,145816,3484],{"class":55},[37,145818,145819],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145820,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145822,145823,145826,145828,145830,145832,145834],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145824,145825],{"class":43},"cleaned ",[37,145827,48],{"class":47},[37,145829,42940],{"class":43},[37,145831,292],{"class":51},[37,145833,8752],{"class":102},[37,145835,8761],{"class":51},[37,145837,145838,145841,145843,145846,145848,145850],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,145839,145840],{"class":43},"loud ",[37,145842,48],{"class":47},[37,145844,145845],{"class":43}," cleaned",[37,145847,292],{"class":51},[37,145849,34585],{"class":102},[37,145851,8761],{"class":51},[37,145853,145854],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,145855,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145857,145858,145860,145862,145865],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,145859,92],{"class":91},[37,145861,95],{"class":51},[37,145863,145864],{"class":102},"loud",[37,145866,85],{"class":51},[20,145868,112],{},[28,145870,145871],{"className":30,"code":145736,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,145872,145873],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145874,145875,145877],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145876,136465],{"class":34560},[37,145878,145745],{"class":34560},[130,145880,1969],{"id":1968},[307,145882,1983,145884,124768],{"id":145883},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145885,128319],{},[20,145887,145888],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[307,145890,1983,145892,137745],{"id":145891},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145893,128319],{},[20,145895,145896,145897,292],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145898,145490],{},[307,145900,145902],{"id":145901},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145904,145905,145906,145908],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145907,128319],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[307,145910,28435,145912,145914],{"id":145911},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145913,128319],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145916,145917],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145919,197],{},[28,145921,145923],{"className":30,"code":145922,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145924,145925,145937,145950,145954],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145926,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145928,722],{"class":43},[37,145930,48],{"class":47},[37,145932,68],{"class":55},[37,145934,32],{"class":59},[37,145936,3484],{"class":55},[37,145938,145939,145941,145943,145945,145948],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,145940,735],{"class":43},[37,145942,48],{"class":47},[37,145944,68],{"class":55},[37,145946,145947],{"class":59},"PYTHON",[37,145949,3484],{"class":55},[37,145951,145952],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,145953,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,145955,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970,145972,145974,145976],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,145957,92],{"class":91},[37,145959,95],{"class":51},[37,145961,285],{"class":102},[37,145963,292],{"class":51},[37,145965,34585],{"class":102},[37,145967,7487],{"class":51},[37,145969,1495],{"class":47},[37,145971,2689],{"class":102},[37,145973,292],{"class":51},[37,145975,34585],{"class":102},[37,145977,7315],{"class":51},[20,145979,112],{},[28,145981,145982],{"className":30,"code":4103,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,145983,145984],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,145985,145986],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,145987,4103],{"class":3977},[130,145989,2025],{"id":2024},[135,145991,145992,145996,146002,146008,146014,146018,146022],{},[138,145993,145994],{},[285,145995,125196],{"href":51068},[138,145997,145998],{},[285,145999,126441,146000,10856],{"href":124168},[15,146001,124171],{},[138,146003,146004],{},[285,146005,126441,146006,10856],{"href":137011},[15,146007,41753],{},[138,146009,146010],{},[285,146011,126441,146012,10856],{"href":130022},[15,146013,124612],{},[138,146015,146016],{},[285,146017,90770],{"href":89779},[138,146019,146020],{},[285,146021,124840],{"href":123696},[138,146023,146024],{},[285,146025,137831],{"href":136412},[2052,146027,146028],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":146030},[146031,146032,146034,146035,146036,146038,146039,146041,146048,146049,146058],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":144954,"depth":88,"text":146033},"What upper() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":145164,"depth":88,"text":146037},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145300,"depth":88,"text":145301},{"id":145382,"depth":88,"text":146040},"When to use upper()",{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":146042},[146043,146044,146046],{"id":95975,"depth":251,"text":95976},{"id":145597,"depth":251,"text":146045},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145688,"depth":251,"text":146047},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145761,"depth":88,"text":145762},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":146050},[146051,146053,146055,146056],{"id":145883,"depth":251,"text":146052},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145891,"depth":251,"text":146054},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145901,"depth":251,"text":145902},{"id":145911,"depth":251,"text":146057},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144878,"description":146059},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146066,"title":146067,"body":146068,"description":147945,"extension":2099,"meta":147946,"navigation":254,"path":147947,"seo":147948,"stem":147949,"__hash__":147950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146069,"toc":147895},[146070,146076,146083,146089,146091,146147,146152,146157,146162,146165,146184,146187,146189,146213,146231,146242,146244,146247,146300,146302,146310,146312,146330,146335,146338,146395,146397,146406,146409,146429,146432,146438,146443,146445,146488,146490,146498,146501,146542,146544,146553,146559,146565,146592,146594,146602,146607,146611,146623,146666,146668,146676,146681,146687,146692,146696,146698,146741,146744,146791,146793,146802,146809,146813,146816,146862,146867,146871,146873,146916,146919,146927,146929,146934,146936,146938,146957,146960,146972,146974,146993,146995,147003,147007,147009,147060,147063,147138,147140,147148,147151,147155,147157,147204,147207,147278,147280,147288,147294,147296,147371,147375,147454,147456,147464,147470,147476,147481,147486,147535,147539,147610,147613,147618,147629,147632,147643,147653,147655,147660,147685,147690,147771,147773,147798,147800,147805,147808,147814,147823,147829,147832,147838,147844,147851,147854,147856,147892],[10,146071,288,146073,3704],{"id":146072},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146074,146075],{},"sum()",[20,146077,9242,146078,146080,146081,24871],{},[15,146079,146075],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146082,60089],{},[20,146084,146085,146086,146088],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146087,36182],{}," value and a few important limits.",[130,146090,2140],{"id":2139},[28,146092,146094],{"className":30,"code":146093,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146095,146096,146120,146135],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146097,146098,146100,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146099,207],{"class":43},[37,146101,48],{"class":47},[37,146103,519],{"class":51},[37,146105,501],{"class":122},[37,146107,65],{"class":51},[37,146109,890],{"class":122},[37,146111,65],{"class":51},[37,146113,513],{"class":122},[37,146115,65],{"class":51},[37,146117,1134],{"class":122},[37,146119,3760],{"class":51},[37,146121,146122,146124,146126,146129,146131,146133],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146123,41284],{"class":43},[37,146125,48],{"class":47},[37,146127,146128],{"class":91}," sum",[37,146130,95],{"class":51},[37,146132,246],{"class":102},[37,146134,85],{"class":51},[37,146136,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,146138,92],{"class":91},[37,146140,95],{"class":51},[37,146142,41313],{"class":102},[37,146144,18],{"class":51},[37,146146,26901],{"class":3788},[20,146148,22,146149,146151],{},[15,146150,146075],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[130,146153,296,146155,3805],{"id":146154},"what-sum-does",[15,146156,146075],{},[20,146158,146159,146161],{},[15,146160,146075],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146163,146164],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[135,146166,146167,146170,146173,146178],{},[138,146168,146169],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[138,146171,146172],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[138,146174,146175,146176],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146177,36301],{},[138,146179,146180,146181,146183],{},"Counting ",[15,146182,3729],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146185,146186],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[130,146188,159],{"id":158},[28,146190,146192],{"className":30,"code":146191,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146193,146194],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146195,146196,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146197,146198],{"class":91},"sum",[37,146200,95],{"class":51},[37,146202,3846],{"class":102},[37,146204,65],{"class":51},[37,146206,36161],{"class":9294},[37,146208,48],{"class":47},[37,146210,1070],{"class":122},[37,146212,85],{"class":51},[135,146214,146215,146220,146225],{},[138,146216,146217,146219],{},[15,146218,3846],{}," is the group of values to add",[138,146221,146222,146224],{},[15,146223,36182],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[138,146226,146227,146228],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146229,146230],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146232,146233,146234,146237,146238,292],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146235,146236,3846],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[285,146239,146240,24724],{"href":36298},[15,146241,36301],{},[130,146243,11590],{"id":11589},[20,146245,146246],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[28,146248,146250],{"className":30,"code":146249,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146251,146252,146272,146286,146290],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146253,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146255,207],{"class":43},[37,146257,48],{"class":47},[37,146259,519],{"class":51},[37,146261,446],{"class":122},[37,146263,65],{"class":51},[37,146265,6125],{"class":122},[37,146267,65],{"class":51},[37,146269,38038],{"class":122},[37,146271,3760],{"class":51},[37,146273,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146275,41284],{"class":43},[37,146277,48],{"class":47},[37,146279,146128],{"class":91},[37,146281,95],{"class":51},[37,146283,246],{"class":102},[37,146285,85],{"class":51},[37,146287,146288],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,146289,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,146291,146292,146294,146296,146298],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,146293,92],{"class":91},[37,146295,95],{"class":51},[37,146297,41313],{"class":102},[37,146299,85],{"class":51},[20,146301,112],{},[28,146303,146304],{"className":30,"code":69928,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,146305,146306],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146307,146308],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146309,69928],{"class":122},[20,146311,11797],{},[135,146313,146314,146319,146325],{},[138,146315,146316,146318],{},[15,146317,246],{}," contains three integers",[138,146320,146321,146324],{},[15,146322,146323],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[138,146326,146327,146328],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146329,41313],{},[130,146331,36714,146333,8551],{"id":146332},"using-the-start-value",[15,146334,36182],{},[20,146336,146337],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[28,146339,146341],{"className":30,"code":146340,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146342,146343,146363,146381,146385],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146344,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146346,207],{"class":43},[37,146348,48],{"class":47},[37,146350,519],{"class":51},[37,146352,501],{"class":122},[37,146354,65],{"class":51},[37,146356,890],{"class":122},[37,146358,65],{"class":51},[37,146360,513],{"class":122},[37,146362,3760],{"class":51},[37,146364,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146366,41284],{"class":43},[37,146368,48],{"class":47},[37,146370,146128],{"class":91},[37,146372,95],{"class":51},[37,146374,246],{"class":102},[37,146376,65],{"class":51},[37,146378,6125],{"class":122},[37,146380,85],{"class":51},[37,146382,146383],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,146384,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,146386,146387,146389,146391,146393],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,146388,92],{"class":91},[37,146390,95],{"class":51},[37,146392,41313],{"class":102},[37,146394,85],{"class":51},[20,146396,112],{},[28,146398,146400],{"className":30,"code":146399,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"16\n",[15,146401,146402],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146403,146404],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146405,146399],{"class":122},[20,146407,146408],{},"This works like:",[135,146410,146411,146416,146421,146425],{},[138,146412,146413,146414],{},"Start at ",[15,146415,214],{},[138,146417,146418,146419],{},"Add ",[15,146420,501],{},[138,146422,146418,146423],{},[15,146424,508],{},[138,146426,146418,146427],{},[15,146428,1129],{},[20,146430,146431],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[130,146433,296,146435,146437],{"id":146434},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146436,146075],{}," can work with",[20,146439,146440,146442],{},[15,146441,146075],{}," works with numeric values.",[307,146444,40526],{"id":40525},[28,146446,146448],{"className":30,"code":146447,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146449,146450,146474],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146451,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146453,1111],{"class":43},[37,146455,48],{"class":47},[37,146457,519],{"class":51},[37,146459,501],{"class":122},[37,146461,65],{"class":51},[37,146463,890],{"class":122},[37,146465,65],{"class":51},[37,146467,513],{"class":122},[37,146469,65],{"class":51},[37,146471,1134],{"class":122},[37,146473,3760],{"class":51},[37,146475,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146477,92],{"class":91},[37,146479,95],{"class":51},[37,146481,146198],{"class":91},[37,146483,95],{"class":51},[37,146485,1160],{"class":102},[37,146487,106],{"class":51},[20,146489,112],{},[28,146491,146492],{"className":30,"code":2509,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,146493,146494],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146495,146496],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146497,2509],{"class":122},[307,146499,146500],{"id":52137},"Floats",[28,146502,146504],{"className":30,"code":146503,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146505,146506,146528],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146507,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146521,146523,146526],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146509,83135],{"class":43},[37,146511,48],{"class":47},[37,146513,519],{"class":51},[37,146515,41260],{"class":122},[37,146517,65],{"class":51},[37,146519,146520],{"class":122}," 3.75",[37,146522,65],{"class":51},[37,146524,146525],{"class":122}," 1.25",[37,146527,3760],{"class":51},[37,146529,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146531,92],{"class":91},[37,146533,95],{"class":51},[37,146535,146198],{"class":91},[37,146537,95],{"class":51},[37,146539,83171],{"class":102},[37,146541,106],{"class":51},[20,146543,112],{},[28,146545,146547],{"className":30,"code":146546,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"7.5\n",[15,146548,146549],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146550,146551],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146552,146546],{"class":122},[20,146554,146555,146556,292],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[285,146557,146558],{"href":2552},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[307,146560,146562,146563],{"id":146561},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146564,36301],{},[28,146566,146568],{"className":30,"code":146567,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146569,146570],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146571,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146573,92],{"class":91},[37,146575,95],{"class":51},[37,146577,146198],{"class":91},[37,146579,95],{"class":51},[37,146581,60089],{"class":91},[37,146583,95],{"class":51},[37,146585,501],{"class":122},[37,146587,65],{"class":51},[37,146589,1145],{"class":122},[37,146591,3041],{"class":51},[20,146593,112],{},[28,146595,146596],{"className":30,"code":47136,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,146597,146598],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146599,146600],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146601,47136],{"class":122},[20,146603,113646,146604,292],{},[15,146605,146606],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[307,146608,146610],{"id":146609},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146612,146613,146614,146616,146617,851,146619,146616,146621,292],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146615,3729],{}," acts like ",[15,146618,501],{},[15,146620,3799],{},[15,146622,1070],{},[28,146624,146626],{"className":30,"code":146625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146627,146628,146652],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146629,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146631,52057],{"class":43},[37,146633,48],{"class":47},[37,146635,519],{"class":51},[37,146637,3729],{"class":3977},[37,146639,65],{"class":51},[37,146641,4030],{"class":3977},[37,146643,65],{"class":51},[37,146645,4039],{"class":3977},[37,146647,65],{"class":51},[37,146649,4039],{"class":3977},[37,146651,3760],{"class":51},[37,146653,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146655,92],{"class":91},[37,146657,95],{"class":51},[37,146659,146198],{"class":91},[37,146661,95],{"class":51},[37,146663,52110],{"class":102},[37,146665,106],{"class":51},[20,146667,112],{},[28,146669,146670],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,146671,146672],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146673,146674],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146675,115],{"class":122},[20,146677,146678,146679,292],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146680,3729],{},[130,146682,296,146684,146686],{"id":146683},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146685,146075],{}," does not work with",[20,146688,146689,146691],{},[15,146690,146075],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[307,146693,146695],{"id":146694},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146697,2964],{},[28,146699,146701],{"className":30,"code":146700,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146702,146703,146727],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146704,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146706,965],{"class":43},[37,146708,48],{"class":47},[37,146710,519],{"class":51},[37,146712,56],{"class":55},[37,146714,3970],{"class":59},[37,146716,56],{"class":55},[37,146718,65],{"class":51},[37,146720,68],{"class":55},[37,146722,60682],{"class":59},[37,146724,56],{"class":55},[37,146726,3760],{"class":51},[37,146728,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146730,92],{"class":91},[37,146732,95],{"class":51},[37,146734,146198],{"class":91},[37,146736,95],{"class":51},[37,146738,999],{"class":102},[37,146740,106],{"class":51},[20,146742,146743],{},"Use string joining instead:",[28,146745,146747],{"className":30,"code":146746,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146748,146749,146773],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146750,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146752,965],{"class":43},[37,146754,48],{"class":47},[37,146756,519],{"class":51},[37,146758,56],{"class":55},[37,146760,3970],{"class":59},[37,146762,56],{"class":55},[37,146764,65],{"class":51},[37,146766,68],{"class":55},[37,146768,60682],{"class":59},[37,146770,56],{"class":55},[37,146772,3760],{"class":51},[37,146774,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146776,92],{"class":91},[37,146778,95],{"class":51},[37,146780,6393],{"class":55},[37,146782,292],{"class":51},[37,146784,133600],{"class":102},[37,146786,95],{"class":51},[37,146788,999],{"class":102},[37,146790,106],{"class":51},[20,146792,112],{},[28,146794,146796],{"className":30,"code":146795,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"helloworld\n",[15,146797,146798],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146799,146800],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146801,146795],{"class":43},[20,146803,146804,146805,292],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[285,146806,146807,5905],{"href":42275},[15,146808,47778],{},[307,146810,146812],{"id":146811},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146814,146815],{},"This also causes an error:",[28,146817,146819],{"className":30,"code":146818,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146820,146821,146848],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146822,146823,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146824,146825],{"class":43},"lists ",[37,146827,48],{"class":47},[37,146829,56385],{"class":51},[37,146831,501],{"class":122},[37,146833,65],{"class":51},[37,146835,890],{"class":122},[37,146837,893],{"class":51},[37,146839,519],{"class":51},[37,146841,1129],{"class":122},[37,146843,65],{"class":51},[37,146845,1134],{"class":122},[37,146847,53334],{"class":51},[37,146849,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146851,92],{"class":91},[37,146853,95],{"class":51},[37,146855,146198],{"class":91},[37,146857,95],{"class":51},[37,146859,5421],{"class":102},[37,146861,106],{"class":51},[20,146863,146864,146866],{},[15,146865,146075],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[307,146868,146870],{"id":146869},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146872,5593],{},[28,146874,146876],{"className":30,"code":146875,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146877,146878,146902],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146879,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146881,1111],{"class":43},[37,146883,48],{"class":47},[37,146885,519],{"class":51},[37,146887,501],{"class":122},[37,146889,65],{"class":51},[37,146891,890],{"class":122},[37,146893,65],{"class":51},[37,146895,68],{"class":55},[37,146897,1129],{"class":59},[37,146899,56],{"class":55},[37,146901,3760],{"class":51},[37,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,146905,92],{"class":91},[37,146907,95],{"class":51},[37,146909,146198],{"class":91},[37,146911,95],{"class":51},[37,146913,1160],{"class":102},[37,146915,106],{"class":51},[20,146917,146918],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146920,146921,146922,146924,146925,292],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146923,66036],{},", convert them first. See ",[285,146926,3092],{"href":3091},[130,146928,41604],{"id":41603},[20,146930,146931,146932,292],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146933,146075],{},[307,146935,6645],{"id":6644},[20,146937,4645],{},[28,146939,146941],{"className":30,"code":146940,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146942,146943],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146944,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146946,92],{"class":91},[37,146948,95],{"class":51},[37,146950,146198],{"class":91},[37,146952,95],{"class":51},[37,146954,446],{"class":122},[37,146956,106],{"class":51},[20,146958,146959],{},"Why it fails:",[135,146961,146962,146967],{},[138,146963,146964,146966],{},[15,146965,446],{}," is a single integer",[138,146968,146969,146971],{},[15,146970,146075],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146973,6675],{},[28,146975,146977],{"className":30,"code":146976,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146978,146979],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,146980,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,146982,92],{"class":91},[37,146984,95],{"class":51},[37,146986,146198],{"class":91},[37,146988,3115],{"class":51},[37,146990,446],{"class":122},[37,146992,1073],{"class":51},[20,146994,112],{},[28,146996,146997],{"className":30,"code":3076,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,146998,146999],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147000,147001],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147002,3076],{"class":122},[307,147004,147006],{"id":147005},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147008,4645],{},[28,147010,147012],{"className":30,"code":147011,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147013,147014,147046],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147015,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147017,1111],{"class":43},[37,147019,48],{"class":47},[37,147021,519],{"class":51},[37,147023,56],{"class":55},[37,147025,501],{"class":59},[37,147027,56],{"class":55},[37,147029,65],{"class":51},[37,147031,68],{"class":55},[37,147033,508],{"class":59},[37,147035,56],{"class":55},[37,147037,65],{"class":51},[37,147039,68],{"class":55},[37,147041,1129],{"class":59},[37,147043,56],{"class":55},[37,147045,3760],{"class":51},[37,147047,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147049,92],{"class":91},[37,147051,95],{"class":51},[37,147053,146198],{"class":91},[37,147055,95],{"class":51},[37,147057,1160],{"class":102},[37,147059,106],{"class":51},[20,147061,147062],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[28,147064,147066],{"className":30,"code":147065,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147067,147068,147100,147128],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147069,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147071,1111],{"class":43},[37,147073,48],{"class":47},[37,147075,519],{"class":51},[37,147077,56],{"class":55},[37,147079,501],{"class":59},[37,147081,56],{"class":55},[37,147083,65],{"class":51},[37,147085,68],{"class":55},[37,147087,508],{"class":59},[37,147089,56],{"class":55},[37,147091,65],{"class":51},[37,147093,68],{"class":55},[37,147095,1129],{"class":59},[37,147097,56],{"class":55},[37,147099,3760],{"class":51},[37,147101,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147103,41284],{"class":43},[37,147105,48],{"class":47},[37,147107,146128],{"class":91},[37,147109,95],{"class":51},[37,147111,818],{"class":756},[37,147113,95],{"class":51},[37,147115,900],{"class":102},[37,147117,18],{"class":51},[37,147119,4002],{"class":1483},[37,147121,4005],{"class":102},[37,147123,1773],{"class":1483},[37,147125,4010],{"class":102},[37,147127,85],{"class":51},[37,147129,147130,147132,147134,147136],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,147131,92],{"class":91},[37,147133,95],{"class":51},[37,147135,41313],{"class":102},[37,147137,85],{"class":51},[20,147139,112],{},[28,147141,147142],{"className":30,"code":2783,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,147143,147144],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147145,147146],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147147,2783],{"class":122},[20,147149,147150],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[307,147152,147154],{"id":147153},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147156,4645],{},[28,147158,147160],{"className":30,"code":147159,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147161,147162,147190],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147163,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147165,1111],{"class":43},[37,147167,48],{"class":47},[37,147169,519],{"class":51},[37,147171,501],{"class":122},[37,147173,65],{"class":51},[37,147175,890],{"class":122},[37,147177,65],{"class":51},[37,147179,68],{"class":55},[37,147181,1129],{"class":59},[37,147183,56],{"class":55},[37,147185,65],{"class":51},[37,147187,1134],{"class":122},[37,147189,3760],{"class":51},[37,147191,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147193,92],{"class":91},[37,147195,95],{"class":51},[37,147197,146198],{"class":91},[37,147199,95],{"class":51},[37,147201,1160],{"class":102},[37,147203,106],{"class":51},[20,147205,147206],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[28,147208,147210],{"className":30,"code":147209,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147211,147212,147240,147268],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147213,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147215,1111],{"class":43},[37,147217,48],{"class":47},[37,147219,519],{"class":51},[37,147221,501],{"class":122},[37,147223,65],{"class":51},[37,147225,890],{"class":122},[37,147227,65],{"class":51},[37,147229,68],{"class":55},[37,147231,1129],{"class":59},[37,147233,56],{"class":55},[37,147235,65],{"class":51},[37,147237,1134],{"class":122},[37,147239,3760],{"class":51},[37,147241,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147243,41284],{"class":43},[37,147245,48],{"class":47},[37,147247,146128],{"class":91},[37,147249,95],{"class":51},[37,147251,818],{"class":756},[37,147253,95],{"class":51},[37,147255,900],{"class":102},[37,147257,18],{"class":51},[37,147259,4002],{"class":1483},[37,147261,4005],{"class":102},[37,147263,1773],{"class":1483},[37,147265,4010],{"class":102},[37,147267,85],{"class":51},[37,147269,147270,147272,147274,147276],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,147271,92],{"class":91},[37,147273,95],{"class":51},[37,147275,41313],{"class":102},[37,147277,85],{"class":51},[20,147279,112],{},[28,147281,147282],{"className":30,"code":2509,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,147283,147284],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147285,147286],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147287,2509],{"class":122},[307,147289,1872,147291,147293],{"id":147290},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147292,146075],{}," to join text",[20,147295,4645],{},[28,147297,147299],{"className":30,"code":147298,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147300,147301,147357],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147302,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147304,1729],{"class":43},[37,147306,48],{"class":47},[37,147308,519],{"class":51},[37,147310,56],{"class":55},[37,147312,134199],{"class":59},[37,147314,56],{"class":55},[37,147316,65],{"class":51},[37,147318,68],{"class":55},[37,147320,909],{"class":59},[37,147322,56],{"class":55},[37,147324,65],{"class":51},[37,147326,68],{"class":55},[37,147328,63378],{"class":59},[37,147330,56],{"class":55},[37,147332,65],{"class":51},[37,147334,68],{"class":55},[37,147336,60529],{"class":59},[37,147338,56],{"class":55},[37,147340,65],{"class":51},[37,147342,68],{"class":55},[37,147344,60564],{"class":59},[37,147346,56],{"class":55},[37,147348,65],{"class":51},[37,147350,68],{"class":55},[37,147352,76117],{"class":59},[37,147354,56],{"class":55},[37,147356,3760],{"class":51},[37,147358,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147360,92],{"class":91},[37,147362,95],{"class":51},[37,147364,146198],{"class":91},[37,147366,95],{"class":51},[37,147368,1785],{"class":102},[37,147370,106],{"class":51},[20,147372,22,147373,60623],{},[15,147374,133523],{},[28,147376,147378],{"className":30,"code":147377,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147379,147380,147436],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147381,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147383,1729],{"class":43},[37,147385,48],{"class":47},[37,147387,519],{"class":51},[37,147389,56],{"class":55},[37,147391,134199],{"class":59},[37,147393,56],{"class":55},[37,147395,65],{"class":51},[37,147397,68],{"class":55},[37,147399,909],{"class":59},[37,147401,56],{"class":55},[37,147403,65],{"class":51},[37,147405,68],{"class":55},[37,147407,63378],{"class":59},[37,147409,56],{"class":55},[37,147411,65],{"class":51},[37,147413,68],{"class":55},[37,147415,60529],{"class":59},[37,147417,56],{"class":55},[37,147419,65],{"class":51},[37,147421,68],{"class":55},[37,147423,60564],{"class":59},[37,147425,56],{"class":55},[37,147427,65],{"class":51},[37,147429,68],{"class":55},[37,147431,76117],{"class":59},[37,147433,56],{"class":55},[37,147435,3760],{"class":51},[37,147437,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147439,92],{"class":91},[37,147441,95],{"class":51},[37,147443,6393],{"class":55},[37,147445,292],{"class":51},[37,147447,133600],{"class":102},[37,147449,95],{"class":51},[37,147451,1785],{"class":102},[37,147453,106],{"class":51},[20,147455,112],{},[28,147457,147458],{"className":30,"code":134280,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,147459,147460],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147461,147462],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147463,134280],{"class":43},[20,147465,147466,147467,292],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[285,147468,147469],{"href":135361},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[130,147471,147473,147475],{"id":147472},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147474,146075],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147477,147478,147480],{},[15,147479,146075],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[307,147482,1872,147484],{"id":147483},"using-sum",[15,147485,146075],{},[28,147487,147489],{"className":30,"code":147488,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147490,147491,147511,147525],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147492,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147494,207],{"class":43},[37,147496,48],{"class":47},[37,147498,519],{"class":51},[37,147500,522],{"class":122},[37,147502,65],{"class":51},[37,147504,1564],{"class":122},[37,147506,65],{"class":51},[37,147508,54227],{"class":122},[37,147510,3760],{"class":51},[37,147512,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147514,41284],{"class":43},[37,147516,48],{"class":47},[37,147518,146128],{"class":91},[37,147520,95],{"class":51},[37,147522,246],{"class":102},[37,147524,85],{"class":51},[37,147526,147527,147529,147531,147533],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,147528,92],{"class":91},[37,147530,95],{"class":51},[37,147532,41313],{"class":102},[37,147534,85],{"class":51},[307,147536,147538],{"id":147537},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[28,147540,147542],{"className":30,"code":147541,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147543,147544,147564,147572,147576,147588,147596,147600],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147545,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147547,207],{"class":43},[37,147549,48],{"class":47},[37,147551,519],{"class":51},[37,147553,522],{"class":122},[37,147555,65],{"class":51},[37,147557,1564],{"class":122},[37,147559,65],{"class":51},[37,147561,54227],{"class":122},[37,147563,3760],{"class":51},[37,147565,147566,147568,147570],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147567,41284],{"class":43},[37,147569,48],{"class":47},[37,147571,38614],{"class":122},[37,147573,147574],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,147575,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,147577,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,147579,1767],{"class":1483},[37,147581,6508],{"class":43},[37,147583,1773],{"class":1483},[37,147585,4383],{"class":43},[37,147587,1501],{"class":51},[37,147589,147590,147592,147594],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,147591,90194],{"class":43},[37,147593,90197],{"class":47},[37,147595,90200],{"class":43},[37,147597,147598],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,147599,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,147601,147602,147604,147606,147608],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,147603,92],{"class":91},[37,147605,95],{"class":51},[37,147607,41313],{"class":102},[37,147609,85],{"class":51},[20,147611,147612],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147614,2619,147615,147617],{},[15,147616,146075],{}," is often better:",[135,147619,147620,147623,147626],{},[138,147621,147622],{},"Shorter code",[138,147624,147625],{},"Easier to read",[138,147627,147628],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147630,147631],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[135,147633,147634,147637,147640],{},[138,147635,147636],{},"You need to skip some values",[138,147638,147639],{},"You need extra checks",[138,147641,147642],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147644,147645,147646,147649,147650,147652],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[285,147647,147648],{"href":40109},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147651,146075],{}," on the filtered result.",[130,147654,1854],{"id":1853},[20,147656,147657,147658,3013],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147659,146075],{},[135,147661,147662,147668,147675,147682],{},[138,147663,147664,147665],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147666,147667],{},"sum(5)",[138,147669,147670,147671,147674],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147672,147673],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[138,147676,1872,147677,147679,147680],{},[15,147678,146075],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147681,133523],{},[138,147683,147684],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147686,8994,147687,147689],{},[15,147688,146075],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[28,147691,147693],{"className":30,"code":147692,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147694,147695,147705,147719,147743],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147696,147697,147699,147701,147703],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147698,92],{"class":91},[37,147700,95],{"class":51},[37,147702,1160],{"class":102},[37,147704,85],{"class":51},[37,147706,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,147708,92],{"class":91},[37,147710,95],{"class":51},[37,147712,757],{"class":756},[37,147714,95],{"class":51},[37,147716,1160],{"class":102},[37,147718,106],{"class":51},[37,147720,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,147722,92],{"class":91},[37,147724,3115],{"class":51},[37,147726,757],{"class":756},[37,147728,95],{"class":51},[37,147730,900],{"class":102},[37,147732,18],{"class":51},[37,147734,4002],{"class":1483},[37,147736,4005],{"class":102},[37,147738,1773],{"class":1483},[37,147740,4010],{"class":102},[37,147742,530],{"class":51},[37,147744,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,147746,92],{"class":91},[37,147748,95],{"class":51},[37,147750,146198],{"class":91},[37,147752,3115],{"class":51},[37,147754,818],{"class":756},[37,147756,95],{"class":51},[37,147758,900],{"class":102},[37,147760,18],{"class":51},[37,147762,4002],{"class":1483},[37,147764,4005],{"class":102},[37,147766,1773],{"class":1483},[37,147768,4010],{"class":102},[37,147770,1073],{"class":51},[20,147772,136094],{},[135,147774,147775,147781,147787,147792],{},[138,147776,147777,147780],{},[15,147778,147779],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[138,147782,147783,147786],{},[15,147784,147785],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[138,147788,147789,136116],{},[15,147790,147791],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[138,147793,147794,147797],{},[15,147795,147796],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[130,147799,1969],{"id":1968},[307,147801,5262,147803,5265],{"id":147802},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147804,146075],{},[20,147806,147807],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[307,147809,5290,147811,147813],{"id":147810},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147812,146075],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147815,30378,147816,3006,147819,147822],{},[15,147817,147818],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147820,147821],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[307,147824,5290,147826,147828],{"id":147825},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147827,146075],{}," work with floats?",[20,147830,147831],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[307,147833,147835,147836,2623],{"id":147834},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147837,146075],{},[20,147839,147840,147841,147843],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147842,36182],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[307,147845,5278,147847,119480,147849,2623],{"id":147846},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147848,146075],{},[15,147850,3133],{},[20,147852,147853],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[130,147855,2025],{"id":2024},[135,147857,147858,147862,147868,147874,147880,147884,147888],{},[138,147859,147860],{},[285,147861,146558],{"href":2552},[138,147863,147864],{},[285,147865,288,147866,291],{"href":36298},[15,147867,36301],{},[138,147869,147870],{},[285,147871,288,147872,291],{"href":287},[15,147873,25],{},[138,147875,147876],{},[285,147877,288,147878,291],{"href":42275},[15,147879,47778],{},[138,147881,147882],{},[285,147883,5342],{"href":40109},[138,147885,147886],{},[285,147887,3651],{"href":3091},[138,147889,147890],{},[285,147891,147469],{"href":135361},[2052,147893,147894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":147896},[147897,147898,147900,147901,147902,147904,147912,147918,147925,147931,147932,147944],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":146154,"depth":88,"text":147899},"What sum() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":146332,"depth":88,"text":147903},"Using the start value",{"id":146434,"depth":88,"text":147905,"children":147906},"What sum() can work with",[147907,147908,147909,147911],{"id":40525,"depth":251,"text":40526},{"id":52137,"depth":251,"text":146500},{"id":146561,"depth":251,"text":147910},"Values from range()",{"id":146609,"depth":251,"text":146610},{"id":146683,"depth":88,"text":147913,"children":147914},"What sum() does not work with",[147915,147916,147917],{"id":146694,"depth":251,"text":146695},{"id":146811,"depth":251,"text":146812},{"id":146869,"depth":251,"text":146870},{"id":41603,"depth":88,"text":41604,"children":147919},[147920,147921,147922,147923],{"id":6644,"depth":251,"text":6645},{"id":147005,"depth":251,"text":147006},{"id":147153,"depth":251,"text":147154},{"id":147290,"depth":251,"text":147924},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147472,"depth":88,"text":147926,"children":147927},"sum() vs manual loop",[147928,147930],{"id":147483,"depth":251,"text":147929},"Using sum()",{"id":147537,"depth":251,"text":147538},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":147933},[147934,147936,147938,147940,147942],{"id":147802,"depth":251,"text":147935},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147810,"depth":251,"text":147937},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147825,"depth":251,"text":147939},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147834,"depth":251,"text":147941},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147846,"depth":251,"text":147943},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146067,"description":147945},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147952,"title":147953,"body":147954,"description":149353,"extension":2099,"meta":149354,"navigation":254,"path":149355,"seo":149356,"stem":149357,"__hash__":149358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147955,"toc":149321},[147956,147962,147968,147971,148034,148040,148045,148049,148066,148079,148083,148102,148116,148118,148211,148213,148227,148229,148232,148321,148323,148331,148340,148342,148346,148367,148369,148461,148463,148484,148486,148490,148504,148506,148580,148582,148601,148605,148608,148631,148633,148744,148751,148759,148761,148767,148770,148813,148816,148839,148847,148851,148926,148932,148957,148964,148967,148970,148974,148979,149067,149075,149079,149082,149107,149111,149172,149176,149225,149235,149237,149242,149245,149250,149253,149257,149261,149267,149270,149278,149286,149288,149318],[10,147957,147959,147960,11437],{"id":147958},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147961,57382],{},[20,147963,147964,147967],{},[15,147965,147966],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147969,147970],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[28,147972,147974],{"className":30,"code":147973,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147975,147976,148004,148022],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,147977,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,147979,207],{"class":43},[37,147981,48],{"class":47},[37,147983,52],{"class":51},[37,147985,501],{"class":122},[37,147987,65],{"class":51},[37,147989,890],{"class":122},[37,147991,65],{"class":51},[37,147993,890],{"class":122},[37,147995,65],{"class":51},[37,147997,513],{"class":122},[37,147999,65],{"class":51},[37,148001,890],{"class":122},[37,148003,85],{"class":51},[37,148005,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148007,2362],{"class":43},[37,148009,48],{"class":47},[37,148011,4383],{"class":43},[37,148013,292],{"class":51},[37,148015,265],{"class":102},[37,148017,95],{"class":51},[37,148019,508],{"class":122},[37,148021,85],{"class":51},[37,148023,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148025,92],{"class":91},[37,148027,95],{"class":51},[37,148029,2397],{"class":102},[37,148031,18],{"class":51},[37,148033,50864],{"class":3788},[20,148035,22,148036,148039],{},[15,148037,148038],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[130,148041,296,148043,3805],{"id":148042},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148044,147966],{},[20,148046,148047,3013],{},[15,148048,148038],{},[135,148050,148051,148057,148060,148063],{},[138,148052,148053,148054,148056],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148055,1215],{}," appears in the tuple",[138,148058,148059],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[138,148061,148062],{},"Returns an integer",[138,148064,148065],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148067,148068,148069,148071,148072,3006,148076,292],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148070,57382],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[285,148073,148075],{"href":148074},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[285,148077,148078],{"href":849},"creating a tuple",[130,148080,148082],{"id":148081},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[28,148084,148086],{"className":30,"code":148085,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148087,148088],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148089,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148091,176],{"class":43},[37,148093,292],{"class":51},[37,148095,265],{"class":102},[37,148097,95],{"class":51},[37,148099,1215],{"class":102},[37,148101,85],{"class":51},[135,148103,148104,148108,148111],{},[138,148105,148106,57547],{},[15,148107,1215],{},[138,148109,148110],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[138,148112,148113,148114],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148115,1070],{},[307,148117,103195],{"id":103194},[28,148119,148121],{"className":30,"code":148120,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148122,148123,148163,148187],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148124,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148126,44],{"class":43},[37,148128,48],{"class":47},[37,148130,52],{"class":51},[37,148132,56],{"class":55},[37,148134,60],{"class":59},[37,148136,56],{"class":55},[37,148138,65],{"class":51},[37,148140,68],{"class":55},[37,148142,80],{"class":59},[37,148144,56],{"class":55},[37,148146,65],{"class":51},[37,148148,68],{"class":55},[37,148150,60],{"class":59},[37,148152,56],{"class":55},[37,148154,65],{"class":51},[37,148156,68],{"class":55},[37,148158,71],{"class":59},[37,148160,56],{"class":55},[37,148162,85],{"class":51},[37,148164,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148166,92],{"class":91},[37,148168,95],{"class":51},[37,148170,103],{"class":102},[37,148172,292],{"class":51},[37,148174,265],{"class":102},[37,148176,95],{"class":51},[37,148178,56],{"class":55},[37,148180,60],{"class":59},[37,148182,56],{"class":55},[37,148184,5482],{"class":51},[37,148186,57737],{"class":3788},[37,148188,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148190,92],{"class":91},[37,148192,95],{"class":51},[37,148194,103],{"class":102},[37,148196,292],{"class":51},[37,148198,265],{"class":102},[37,148200,95],{"class":51},[37,148202,56],{"class":55},[37,148204,627],{"class":59},[37,148206,56],{"class":55},[37,148208,5482],{"class":51},[37,148210,51340],{"class":3788},[20,148212,560],{},[135,148214,148215,148220],{},[138,148216,148217,148219],{},[15,148218,65483],{}," appears 2 times",[138,148221,148222,148224,148225],{},[15,148223,109891],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148226,1070],{},[130,148228,11590],{"id":11589},[20,148230,148231],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[28,148233,148235],{"className":30,"code":148234,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148236,148237,148285,148289,148311],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148238,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148240,320],{"class":43},[37,148242,48],{"class":47},[37,148244,52],{"class":51},[37,148246,56],{"class":55},[37,148248,329],{"class":59},[37,148250,56],{"class":55},[37,148252,65],{"class":51},[37,148254,68],{"class":55},[37,148256,338],{"class":59},[37,148258,56],{"class":55},[37,148260,65],{"class":51},[37,148262,68],{"class":55},[37,148264,329],{"class":59},[37,148266,56],{"class":55},[37,148268,65],{"class":51},[37,148270,68],{"class":55},[37,148272,347],{"class":59},[37,148274,56],{"class":55},[37,148276,65],{"class":51},[37,148278,68],{"class":55},[37,148280,329],{"class":59},[37,148282,56],{"class":55},[37,148284,85],{"class":51},[37,148286,148287],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148288,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,148290,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148292,2362],{"class":43},[37,148294,48],{"class":47},[37,148296,52943],{"class":43},[37,148298,292],{"class":51},[37,148300,265],{"class":102},[37,148302,95],{"class":51},[37,148304,56],{"class":55},[37,148306,329],{"class":59},[37,148308,56],{"class":55},[37,148310,85],{"class":51},[37,148312,148313,148315,148317,148319],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,148314,92],{"class":91},[37,148316,95],{"class":51},[37,148318,2397],{"class":102},[37,148320,85],{"class":51},[20,148322,112],{},[28,148324,148325],{"className":30,"code":115,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,148326,148327],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148328,148329],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148330,115],{"class":122},[20,148332,148333,148335,148336,2530,148338,292],{},[15,148334,57925],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148337,57382],{},[15,148339,1129],{},[130,148341,38122],{"id":38121},[20,148343,57636,148344,128829],{},[15,148345,57382],{},[135,148347,148348,148353,148358,148361],{},[138,148349,11539,148350,148352],{},[15,148351,1070],{}," when the value does not exist",[138,148354,11539,148355,148357],{},[15,148356,501],{}," when the value appears once",[138,148359,148360],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[138,148362,148363,148364,148366],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148365,1484],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148368,197],{},[28,148370,148372],{"className":30,"code":148371,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148373,148374,148415,148419,148446],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148375,148376,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148377,148378],{"class":43},"answers ",[37,148380,48],{"class":47},[37,148382,52],{"class":51},[37,148384,56],{"class":55},[37,148386,8776],{"class":59},[37,148388,56],{"class":55},[37,148390,65],{"class":51},[37,148392,68],{"class":55},[37,148394,8715],{"class":59},[37,148396,56],{"class":55},[37,148398,65],{"class":51},[37,148400,68],{"class":55},[37,148402,8776],{"class":59},[37,148404,56],{"class":55},[37,148406,65],{"class":51},[37,148408,68],{"class":55},[37,148410,8776],{"class":59},[37,148412,56],{"class":55},[37,148414,85],{"class":51},[37,148416,148417],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148418,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,148420,148421,148423,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148422,1484],{"class":1483},[37,148424,148425],{"class":43}," answers",[37,148427,292],{"class":51},[37,148429,265],{"class":102},[37,148431,95],{"class":51},[37,148433,56],{"class":55},[37,148435,8776],{"class":59},[37,148437,56],{"class":55},[37,148439,18],{"class":51},[37,148441,38497],{"class":47},[37,148443,5619],{"class":122},[37,148445,1501],{"class":51},[37,148447,148448,148450,148452,148454,148457,148459],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,148449,1506],{"class":91},[37,148451,95],{"class":51},[37,148453,56],{"class":55},[37,148455,148456],{"class":59},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[37,148458,56],{"class":55},[37,148460,85],{"class":51},[20,148462,112],{},[28,148464,148466],{"className":30,"code":148465,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148467,148468],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148469,148470,148473,148475,148477,148479,148482],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148471,148472],{"class":43},"The answer ",[37,148474,821],{"class":55},[37,148476,8776],{"class":59},[37,148478,821],{"class":55},[37,148480,148481],{"class":43}," appears more than once",[37,148483,122474],{"class":51},[130,148485,41147],{"id":41146},[20,148487,35514,148488,104658],{},[15,148489,147966],{},[135,148491,148492,148495,148498,148501],{},[138,148493,148494],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[138,148496,148497],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[138,148499,148500],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[138,148502,148503],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148505,197],{},[28,148507,148509],{"className":30,"code":148508,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148510,148511,148539,148543,148565],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148512,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148514,5183],{"class":43},[37,148516,48],{"class":47},[37,148518,52],{"class":51},[37,148520,214],{"class":122},[37,148522,65],{"class":51},[37,148524,219],{"class":122},[37,148526,65],{"class":51},[37,148528,6125],{"class":122},[37,148530,65],{"class":51},[37,148532,224],{"class":122},[37,148534,65],{"class":51},[37,148536,6125],{"class":122},[37,148538,85],{"class":51},[37,148540,148541],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148542,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,148544,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148546,1484],{"class":1483},[37,148548,5230],{"class":43},[37,148550,292],{"class":51},[37,148552,265],{"class":102},[37,148554,95],{"class":51},[37,148556,214],{"class":122},[37,148558,18],{"class":51},[37,148560,51381],{"class":47},[37,148562,890],{"class":122},[37,148564,1501],{"class":51},[37,148566,148567,148569,148571,148573,148576,148578],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,148568,1506],{"class":91},[37,148570,95],{"class":51},[37,148572,56],{"class":55},[37,148574,148575],{"class":59},"The score 10 is repeated.",[37,148577,56],{"class":55},[37,148579,85],{"class":51},[20,148581,112],{},[28,148583,148585],{"className":30,"code":148584,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148586,148587],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148588,148589,148592,148594,148596,148599],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148590,148591],{"class":43},"The score ",[37,148593,214],{"class":122},[37,148595,1536],{"class":47},[37,148597,148598],{"class":43}," repeated",[37,148600,122474],{"class":51},[130,148602,148604],{"id":148603},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148606,148607],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[135,148609,148610,148616,148621,148624],{},[138,148611,148612,148613,148615],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148614,57382],{}," still works because it only reads data",[138,148617,148618,148620],{},[15,148619,57382],{}," counts exact matches",[138,148622,148623],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[138,148625,148626,851,148628,148630],{},[15,148627,501],{},[15,148629,42258],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148632,197],{},[28,148634,148636],{"className":30,"code":148635,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148637,148638,148672,148676,148696,148720],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148639,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148653,148655,148657,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148641,1111],{"class":43},[37,148643,48],{"class":47},[37,148645,52],{"class":51},[37,148647,501],{"class":122},[37,148649,65],{"class":51},[37,148651,148652],{"class":122}," 1.0",[37,148654,65],{"class":51},[37,148656,68],{"class":55},[37,148658,148659],{"class":59},"Cat",[37,148661,56],{"class":55},[37,148663,65],{"class":51},[37,148665,68],{"class":55},[37,148667,37149],{"class":59},[37,148669,56],{"class":55},[37,148671,85],{"class":51},[37,148673,148674],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148675,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,148677,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148679,92],{"class":91},[37,148681,95],{"class":51},[37,148683,1160],{"class":102},[37,148685,292],{"class":51},[37,148687,265],{"class":102},[37,148689,95],{"class":51},[37,148691,501],{"class":122},[37,148693,5482],{"class":51},[37,148695,51187],{"class":3788},[37,148697,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,148699,92],{"class":91},[37,148701,95],{"class":51},[37,148703,1160],{"class":102},[37,148705,292],{"class":51},[37,148707,265],{"class":102},[37,148709,95],{"class":51},[37,148711,56],{"class":55},[37,148713,148659],{"class":59},[37,148715,56],{"class":55},[37,148717,5482],{"class":51},[37,148719,27886],{"class":3788},[37,148721,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,148723,92],{"class":91},[37,148725,95],{"class":51},[37,148727,1160],{"class":102},[37,148729,292],{"class":51},[37,148731,265],{"class":102},[37,148733,95],{"class":51},[37,148735,56],{"class":55},[37,148737,37149],{"class":59},[37,148739,56],{"class":55},[37,148741,5482],{"class":51},[37,148743,27886],{"class":3788},[20,148745,5278,148746,5281,148749,2623],{},[15,148747,148748],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148750,508],{},[20,148752,8904,148753,4902,148756,148758],{},[15,148754,148755],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148757,3729],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[130,148760,1854],{"id":1853},[307,148762,1872,148764,148766],{"id":148763},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148765,265],{}," without parentheses",[20,148768,148769],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[28,148771,148773],{"className":30,"code":148772,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148774,148775,148799],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148776,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148778,207],{"class":43},[37,148780,48],{"class":47},[37,148782,52],{"class":51},[37,148784,501],{"class":122},[37,148786,65],{"class":51},[37,148788,890],{"class":122},[37,148790,65],{"class":51},[37,148792,890],{"class":122},[37,148794,65],{"class":51},[37,148796,513],{"class":122},[37,148798,85],{"class":51},[37,148800,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148802,92],{"class":91},[37,148804,95],{"class":51},[37,148806,246],{"class":102},[37,148808,292],{"class":51},[37,148810,265],{"class":24857},[37,148812,85],{"class":51},[20,148814,148815],{},"To call the method correctly:",[28,148817,148819],{"className":30,"code":148818,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148820,148821],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148822,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831,148833,148835,148837],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148824,92],{"class":91},[37,148826,95],{"class":51},[37,148828,246],{"class":102},[37,148830,292],{"class":51},[37,148832,265],{"class":102},[37,148834,95],{"class":51},[37,148836,508],{"class":122},[37,148838,106],{"class":51},[307,148840,1880,148841,8573,148843,3006,148845],{"id":58685},[15,148842,57382],{},[15,148844,3729],{},[15,148846,3799],{},[20,148848,148849,58696],{},[15,148850,57382],{},[28,148852,148854],{"className":30,"code":148853,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148855,148856,148888,148910,148914],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148857,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148859,1729],{"class":43},[37,148861,48],{"class":47},[37,148863,52],{"class":51},[37,148865,56],{"class":55},[37,148867,285],{"class":59},[37,148869,56],{"class":55},[37,148871,65],{"class":51},[37,148873,68],{"class":55},[37,148875,777],{"class":59},[37,148877,56],{"class":55},[37,148879,65],{"class":51},[37,148881,68],{"class":55},[37,148883,285],{"class":59},[37,148885,56],{"class":55},[37,148887,85],{"class":51},[37,148889,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,148891,2362],{"class":43},[37,148893,48],{"class":47},[37,148895,1802],{"class":43},[37,148897,292],{"class":51},[37,148899,265],{"class":102},[37,148901,95],{"class":51},[37,148903,56],{"class":55},[37,148905,285],{"class":59},[37,148907,56],{"class":55},[37,148909,85],{"class":51},[37,148911,148912],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,148913,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,148915,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,148917,92],{"class":91},[37,148919,95],{"class":51},[37,148921,2397],{"class":102},[37,148923,18],{"class":51},[37,148925,51506],{"class":3788},[20,148927,148928,148929,148931],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148930,1773],{}," is often simpler:",[28,148933,148935],{"className":30,"code":148934,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148936,148937],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148938,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148940,92],{"class":91},[37,148942,95],{"class":51},[37,148944,56],{"class":55},[37,148946,285],{"class":59},[37,148948,56],{"class":55},[37,148950,21280],{"class":1483},[37,148952,1802],{"class":102},[37,148954,18],{"class":51},[37,148956,3789],{"class":3788},[307,148958,37306,148960,8823,148962],{"id":148959},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148961,147966],{},[15,148963,57387],{},[20,148965,148966],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148968,148969],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[307,148971,148973],{"id":148972},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148975,148976,148978],{},[15,148977,57382],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[28,148980,148982],{"className":30,"code":148981,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148983,148984,149017,149043],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,148985,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,148987,965],{"class":43},[37,148989,48],{"class":47},[37,148991,52],{"class":51},[37,148993,56],{"class":55},[37,148995,329],{"class":59},[37,148997,56],{"class":55},[37,148999,65],{"class":51},[37,149001,68],{"class":55},[37,149003,149004],{"class":59},"pineapple",[37,149006,56],{"class":55},[37,149008,65],{"class":51},[37,149010,68],{"class":55},[37,149012,329],{"class":59},[37,149014,56],{"class":55},[37,149016,85],{"class":51},[37,149018,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149036,149038,149040],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149020,92],{"class":91},[37,149022,95],{"class":51},[37,149024,999],{"class":102},[37,149026,292],{"class":51},[37,149028,265],{"class":102},[37,149030,95],{"class":51},[37,149032,56],{"class":55},[37,149034,149035],{"class":59},"app",[37,149037,56],{"class":55},[37,149039,5482],{"class":51},[37,149041,149042],{"class":3788},"    # 0\n",[37,149044,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149046,92],{"class":91},[37,149048,95],{"class":51},[37,149050,999],{"class":102},[37,149052,292],{"class":51},[37,149054,265],{"class":102},[37,149056,95],{"class":51},[37,149058,56],{"class":55},[37,149060,329],{"class":59},[37,149062,56],{"class":55},[37,149064,5482],{"class":51},[37,149066,51506],{"class":3788},[20,149068,149069,149072,149073,292],{},[15,149070,149071],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149074,1070],{},[130,149076,149078],{"id":149077},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149080,149081],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[135,149083,149084,149089,149098,149104],{},[138,149085,22,149086,149088],{},[15,149087,1773],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[138,149090,22,149091,149097],{},[285,149092,149094,149095],{"href":149093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149096,59060],{}," to find the position of a value",[138,149099,22,149100,149103],{},[15,149101,149102],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[138,149105,149106],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149108,46138,149109,3013],{},[15,149110,1773],{},[28,149112,149114],{"className":30,"code":149113,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149115,149116,149136,149140,149156],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149117,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149119,207],{"class":43},[37,149121,48],{"class":47},[37,149123,52],{"class":51},[37,149125,522],{"class":122},[37,149127,65],{"class":51},[37,149129,1564],{"class":122},[37,149131,65],{"class":51},[37,149133,54227],{"class":122},[37,149135,85],{"class":51},[37,149137,149138],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149139,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,149141,149142,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149143,92],{"class":91},[37,149145,95],{"class":51},[37,149147,2162],{"class":122},[37,149149,21280],{"class":1483},[37,149151,4383],{"class":102},[37,149153,18],{"class":51},[37,149155,43954],{"class":3788},[37,149157,149158,149160,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,149159,92],{"class":91},[37,149161,95],{"class":51},[37,149163,446],{"class":122},[37,149165,21280],{"class":1483},[37,149167,4383],{"class":102},[37,149169,18],{"class":51},[37,149171,43971],{"class":3788},[20,149173,46138,149174,3013],{},[15,149175,59060],{},[28,149177,149179],{"className":30,"code":149178,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149180,149181,149205],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149182,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149184,207],{"class":43},[37,149186,48],{"class":47},[37,149188,52],{"class":51},[37,149190,522],{"class":122},[37,149192,65],{"class":51},[37,149194,1564],{"class":122},[37,149196,65],{"class":51},[37,149198,54227],{"class":122},[37,149200,65],{"class":51},[37,149202,1564],{"class":122},[37,149204,85],{"class":51},[37,149206,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149208,92],{"class":91},[37,149210,95],{"class":51},[37,149212,246],{"class":102},[37,149214,292],{"class":51},[37,149216,35955],{"class":102},[37,149218,95],{"class":51},[37,149220,2162],{"class":122},[37,149222,5482],{"class":51},[37,149224,27886],{"class":3788},[20,149226,149227,149229,149230,149232,149234],{},[15,149228,57382],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9961,149231],{},[15,149233,59060],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[130,149236,1969],{"id":1968},[307,149238,5262,149240,5265],{"id":149239},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149241,147966],{},[20,149243,149244],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[307,149246,1983,149248,1986],{"id":149247},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149249,147966],{},[20,149251,149252],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[307,149254,149256],{"id":149255},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149258,12023,149259,292],{},[15,149260,1070],{},[307,149262,5290,149264,149266],{"id":149263},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149265,147966],{}," count strings?",[20,149268,149269],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[307,149271,5300,149273,851,149275,2623],{"id":149272},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149274,147966],{},[15,149276,149277],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149279,149280,149282,149283,149285],{},[15,149281,57382],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149284,59060],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[130,149287,2025],{"id":2024},[135,149289,149290,149294,149299,149306,149314],{},[138,149291,149292],{},[285,149293,148075],{"href":148074},[138,149295,149296],{},[285,149297,149298],{"href":849},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[138,149300,149301],{},[285,149302,149303,149304,10856],{"href":149093},"Python tuple ",[15,149305,59060],{},[138,149307,149308],{},[285,149309,149311,149312],{"href":149310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149313,25],{},[138,149315,149316],{},[285,149317,59048],{"href":59047},[2052,149319,149320],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":148081,"depth":88,"text":148082,"children":149326},[149327],{"id":103194,"depth":251,"text":103195},{"id":11589,"depth":88,"text":11590},{"id":38121,"depth":88,"text":38122},{"id":41146,"depth":88,"text":41147},{"id":148603,"depth":88,"text":148604},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":149333},[149334,149336,149337,149339],{"id":148763,"depth":251,"text":149335},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58685,"depth":251,"text":59101},{"id":148959,"depth":251,"text":149338},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148972,"depth":251,"text":148973},{"id":149077,"depth":88,"text":149078},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":149342},[149343,149345,149347,149348,149350],{"id":149239,"depth":251,"text":149344},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149247,"depth":251,"text":149346},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149255,"depth":251,"text":149256},{"id":149263,"depth":251,"text":149349},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149272,"depth":251,"text":149351},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147953,"description":149353},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149360,"title":149361,"body":149362,"description":151038,"extension":2099,"meta":151039,"navigation":254,"path":151040,"seo":151041,"stem":151042,"__hash__":151043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149363,"toc":151001},[149364,149367,149370,149377,149379,149507,149509,149570,149575,149577,149597,149601,149604,149607,149642,149644,149665,149668,149707,149709,149734,149739,149743,149746,149783,149785,149808,149811,149814,149826,149832,149836,149839,149845,149886,149888,149911,149914,149955,149957,149984,149986,150003,150005,150022,150025,150029,150032,150034,150068,150070,150117,150121,150160,150164,150167,150224,150226,150267,150273,150279,150284,150286,150323,150325,150345,150347,150380,150382,150415,150418,150422,150455,150457,150482,150485,150487,150501,150508,150510,150513,150517,150520,150555,150558,150593,150597,150600,150639,150642,150681,150685,150687,150717,150720,150727,150729,150761,150764,150796,150799,150830,150832,150849,150853,150856,150920,150922,150926,150931,150935,150938,150942,150945,150949,150952,150957,150963,150965,150998],[10,149365,149361],{"id":149366},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149368,149369],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149371,149372,149373,3006,149375,292],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[285,149374,855],{"href":854},[285,149376,148075],{"href":148074},[130,149378,2140],{"id":2139},[28,149380,149382],{"className":30,"code":149381,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149383,149384,149404,149412,149425,149461,149465,149475,149485,149496],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149385,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149387,207],{"class":43},[37,149389,48],{"class":47},[37,149391,52],{"class":51},[37,149393,501],{"class":122},[37,149395,65],{"class":51},[37,149397,890],{"class":122},[37,149399,65],{"class":51},[37,149401,513],{"class":122},[37,149403,85],{"class":51},[37,149405,149406,149408,149410],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149407,124939],{"class":43},[37,149409,48],{"class":47},[37,149411,397],{"class":51},[37,149413,149414,149417,149419,149421,149423],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149415,149416],{"class":43},"one_item ",[37,149418,48],{"class":47},[37,149420,52],{"class":51},[37,149422,446],{"class":122},[37,149424,449],{"class":51},[37,149426,149427,149430,149432,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,149428,149429],{"class":43},"from_list ",[37,149431,48],{"class":47},[37,149433,149434],{"class":756}," tuple",[37,149436,3115],{"class":51},[37,149438,56],{"class":55},[37,149440,285],{"class":59},[37,149442,56],{"class":55},[37,149444,65],{"class":51},[37,149446,68],{"class":55},[37,149448,777],{"class":59},[37,149450,56],{"class":55},[37,149452,65],{"class":51},[37,149454,68],{"class":55},[37,149456,1754],{"class":59},[37,149458,56],{"class":55},[37,149460,530],{"class":51},[37,149462,149463],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,149464,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,149466,149467,149469,149471,149473],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,149468,92],{"class":91},[37,149470,95],{"class":51},[37,149472,246],{"class":102},[37,149474,85],{"class":51},[37,149476,149477,149479,149481,149483],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,149478,92],{"class":91},[37,149480,95],{"class":51},[37,149482,124990],{"class":102},[37,149484,85],{"class":51},[37,149486,149487,149489,149491,149494],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,149488,92],{"class":91},[37,149490,95],{"class":51},[37,149492,149493],{"class":102},"one_item",[37,149495,85],{"class":51},[37,149497,149498,149500,149502,149505],{"class":39,"line":6552},[37,149499,92],{"class":91},[37,149501,95],{"class":51},[37,149503,149504],{"class":102},"from_list",[37,149506,85],{"class":51},[20,149508,112],{},[28,149510,149512],{"className":30,"code":149511,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149513,149514,149530,149534,149542],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149515,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149517,95],{"class":51},[37,149519,501],{"class":122},[37,149521,65],{"class":51},[37,149523,890],{"class":122},[37,149525,65],{"class":51},[37,149527,513],{"class":122},[37,149529,85],{"class":51},[37,149531,149532],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149533,8761],{"class":51},[37,149535,149536,149538,149540],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149537,95],{"class":51},[37,149539,446],{"class":122},[37,149541,449],{"class":51},[37,149543,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,149545,95],{"class":51},[37,149547,821],{"class":55},[37,149549,285],{"class":59},[37,149551,821],{"class":55},[37,149553,65],{"class":51},[37,149555,815],{"class":55},[37,149557,777],{"class":59},[37,149559,821],{"class":55},[37,149561,65],{"class":51},[37,149563,815],{"class":55},[37,149565,1754],{"class":59},[37,149567,821],{"class":55},[37,149569,85],{"class":51},[20,149571,149572,149573,292],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149574,1869],{},[130,149576,133],{"id":132},[135,149578,149579,149582,149585,149588,149591,149594],{},[138,149580,149581],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[138,149583,149584],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[138,149586,149587],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[138,149589,149590],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[138,149592,149593],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[138,149595,149596],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[130,149598,149600],{"id":149599},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149602,149603],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149605,149606],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[28,149608,149610],{"className":30,"code":149609,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149611,149612,149632],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149615,207],{"class":43},[37,149617,48],{"class":47},[37,149619,52],{"class":51},[37,149621,501],{"class":122},[37,149623,65],{"class":51},[37,149625,890],{"class":122},[37,149627,65],{"class":51},[37,149629,513],{"class":122},[37,149631,85],{"class":51},[37,149633,149634,149636,149638,149640],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149635,92],{"class":91},[37,149637,95],{"class":51},[37,149639,246],{"class":102},[37,149641,85],{"class":51},[20,149643,112],{},[28,149645,149647],{"className":30,"code":149646,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149648,149649],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149650,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149652,95],{"class":51},[37,149654,501],{"class":122},[37,149656,65],{"class":51},[37,149658,890],{"class":122},[37,149660,65],{"class":51},[37,149662,513],{"class":122},[37,149664,85],{"class":51},[20,149666,149667],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[28,149669,149671],{"className":30,"code":149670,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149672,149673,149697],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149674,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149676,494],{"class":43},[37,149678,48],{"class":47},[37,149680,52],{"class":51},[37,149682,501],{"class":122},[37,149684,65],{"class":51},[37,149686,68],{"class":55},[37,149688,329],{"class":59},[37,149690,56],{"class":55},[37,149692,65],{"class":51},[37,149694,4039],{"class":3977},[37,149696,85],{"class":51},[37,149698,149699,149701,149703,149705],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149700,92],{"class":91},[37,149702,95],{"class":51},[37,149704,543],{"class":102},[37,149706,85],{"class":51},[20,149708,112],{},[28,149710,149712],{"className":30,"code":149711,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149713,149714],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149715,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149717,95],{"class":51},[37,149719,501],{"class":122},[37,149721,65],{"class":51},[37,149723,815],{"class":55},[37,149725,329],{"class":59},[37,149727,821],{"class":55},[37,149729,65],{"class":51},[37,149731,4039],{"class":3977},[37,149733,85],{"class":51},[20,149735,149736,149737,292],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[285,149738,1845],{"href":1844},[130,149740,149742],{"id":149741},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149744,149745],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[28,149747,149749],{"className":30,"code":149748,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149750,149751,149759,149769],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149752,149753,149755,149757],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149754,124939],{"class":43},[37,149756,48],{"class":47},[37,149758,397],{"class":51},[37,149760,149761,149763,149765,149767],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149762,92],{"class":91},[37,149764,95],{"class":51},[37,149766,124990],{"class":102},[37,149768,85],{"class":51},[37,149770,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149772,92],{"class":91},[37,149774,95],{"class":51},[37,149776,757],{"class":756},[37,149778,95],{"class":51},[37,149780,124990],{"class":102},[37,149782,106],{"class":51},[20,149784,112],{},[28,149786,149788],{"className":30,"code":149787,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149789,149790,149794],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149791,149792],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149793,8761],{"class":51},[37,149795,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149797,808],{"class":47},[37,149799,812],{"class":811},[37,149801,815],{"class":55},[37,149803,835],{"class":59},[37,149805,821],{"class":55},[37,149807,824],{"class":47},[20,149809,149810],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149812,149813],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[135,149815,149816,149821],{},[138,149817,149818,149819],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149820,7487],{},[138,149822,149823,149824],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149825,3913],{},[20,149827,149828,149829,292],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[285,149830,149831],{"href":57245},"Python list: creating a list",[130,149833,149835],{"id":149834},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149837,149838],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149840,149841,149842,149844],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[110,149843,711],{}," automatically a tuple:",[28,149846,149848],{"className":30,"code":149847,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149849,149850,149862,149872],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149853,1194],{"class":43},[37,149855,48],{"class":47},[37,149857,52],{"class":51},[37,149859,446],{"class":122},[37,149861,85],{"class":51},[37,149863,149864,149866,149868,149870],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149865,92],{"class":91},[37,149867,95],{"class":51},[37,149869,1215],{"class":102},[37,149871,85],{"class":51},[37,149873,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149875,92],{"class":91},[37,149877,95],{"class":51},[37,149879,757],{"class":756},[37,149881,95],{"class":51},[37,149883,1215],{"class":102},[37,149885,106],{"class":51},[20,149887,112],{},[28,149889,149891],{"className":30,"code":149890,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149892,149893,149897],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149894,149895],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149896,3076],{"class":122},[37,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149900,808],{"class":47},[37,149902,812],{"class":811},[37,149904,815],{"class":55},[37,149906,818],{"class":59},[37,149908,821],{"class":55},[37,149910,824],{"class":47},[20,149912,149913],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[28,149915,149917],{"className":30,"code":149916,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149918,149919,149931,149941],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149920,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149922,149416],{"class":43},[37,149924,48],{"class":47},[37,149926,52],{"class":51},[37,149928,446],{"class":122},[37,149930,449],{"class":51},[37,149932,149933,149935,149937,149939],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149934,92],{"class":91},[37,149936,95],{"class":51},[37,149938,149493],{"class":102},[37,149940,85],{"class":51},[37,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,149944,92],{"class":91},[37,149946,95],{"class":51},[37,149948,757],{"class":756},[37,149950,95],{"class":51},[37,149952,149493],{"class":102},[37,149954,106],{"class":51},[20,149956,112],{},[28,149958,149960],{"className":30,"code":149959,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149961,149962,149970],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149963,149964,149966,149968],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149965,95],{"class":51},[37,149967,446],{"class":122},[37,149969,449],{"class":51},[37,149971,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,149973,808],{"class":47},[37,149975,812],{"class":811},[37,149977,815],{"class":55},[37,149979,835],{"class":59},[37,149981,821],{"class":55},[37,149983,824],{"class":47},[20,149985,16765],{},[28,149987,149989],{"className":30,"code":149988,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149990,149991],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,149992,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,149994,95],{"class":51},[37,149996,56],{"class":55},[37,149998,329],{"class":59},[37,150000,56],{"class":55},[37,150002,449],{"class":51},[20,150004,16753],{},[28,150006,150008],{"className":30,"code":150007,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150009,150010],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150011,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150013,95],{"class":51},[37,150015,56],{"class":55},[37,150017,329],{"class":59},[37,150019,56],{"class":55},[37,150021,85],{"class":51},[20,150023,150024],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[130,150026,150028],{"id":150027},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150030,150031],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[307,150033,56553],{"id":246},[28,150035,150036],{"className":30,"code":149609,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,150037,150038,150058],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150039,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150041,207],{"class":43},[37,150043,48],{"class":47},[37,150045,52],{"class":51},[37,150047,501],{"class":122},[37,150049,65],{"class":51},[37,150051,890],{"class":122},[37,150053,65],{"class":51},[37,150055,513],{"class":122},[37,150057,85],{"class":51},[37,150059,150060,150062,150064,150066],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150061,92],{"class":91},[37,150063,95],{"class":51},[37,150065,246],{"class":102},[37,150067,85],{"class":51},[307,150069,56556],{"id":5430},[28,150071,150073],{"className":30,"code":150072,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150074,150075,150107],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150076,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150078,44],{"class":43},[37,150080,48],{"class":47},[37,150082,52],{"class":51},[37,150084,56],{"class":55},[37,150086,60],{"class":59},[37,150088,56],{"class":55},[37,150090,65],{"class":51},[37,150092,68],{"class":55},[37,150094,71],{"class":59},[37,150096,56],{"class":55},[37,150098,65],{"class":51},[37,150100,68],{"class":55},[37,150102,80],{"class":59},[37,150104,56],{"class":55},[37,150106,85],{"class":51},[37,150108,150109,150111,150113,150115],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150110,92],{"class":91},[37,150112,95],{"class":51},[37,150114,103],{"class":102},[37,150116,85],{"class":51},[307,150118,150120],{"id":150119},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[28,150122,150124],{"className":30,"code":150123,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150125,150126,150150],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150127,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150129,869],{"class":43},[37,150131,48],{"class":47},[37,150133,52],{"class":51},[37,150135,501],{"class":122},[37,150137,65],{"class":51},[37,150139,68],{"class":55},[37,150141,329],{"class":59},[37,150143,56],{"class":55},[37,150145,65],{"class":51},[37,150147,4039],{"class":3977},[37,150149,85],{"class":51},[37,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150153,92],{"class":91},[37,150155,95],{"class":51},[37,150157,926],{"class":102},[37,150159,85],{"class":51},[307,150161,150163],{"id":150162},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150165,150166],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[28,150168,150170],{"className":30,"code":150169,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150171,150172,150213],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150173,150174,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150175,150176],{"class":43},"nested ",[37,150178,48],{"class":47},[37,150180,52],{"class":51},[37,150182,501],{"class":122},[37,150184,65],{"class":51},[37,150186,52],{"class":51},[37,150188,56],{"class":55},[37,150190,285],{"class":59},[37,150192,56],{"class":55},[37,150194,65],{"class":51},[37,150196,68],{"class":55},[37,150198,777],{"class":59},[37,150200,56],{"class":55},[37,150202,516],{"class":51},[37,150204,519],{"class":51},[37,150206,214],{"class":122},[37,150208,65],{"class":51},[37,150210,219],{"class":122},[37,150212,530],{"class":51},[37,150214,150215,150217,150219,150222],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150216,92],{"class":91},[37,150218,95],{"class":51},[37,150220,150221],{"class":102},"nested",[37,150223,85],{"class":51},[20,150225,112],{},[28,150227,150229],{"className":30,"code":150228,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150230,150231],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150232,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150234,95],{"class":51},[37,150236,501],{"class":122},[37,150238,65],{"class":51},[37,150240,52],{"class":51},[37,150242,821],{"class":55},[37,150244,285],{"class":59},[37,150246,821],{"class":55},[37,150248,65],{"class":51},[37,150250,815],{"class":55},[37,150252,777],{"class":59},[37,150254,821],{"class":55},[37,150256,516],{"class":51},[37,150258,519],{"class":51},[37,150260,214],{"class":122},[37,150262,65],{"class":51},[37,150264,219],{"class":122},[37,150266,530],{"class":51},[130,150268,150270,150271],{"id":150269},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150272,38148],{},[20,150274,150275,150276,150278],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150277,38148],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150280,150281,150282,292],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[285,150283,63309],{"href":63308},[307,150285,105335],{"id":105334},[28,150287,150289],{"className":30,"code":150288,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150290,150291,150313],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150292,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150294,207],{"class":43},[37,150296,48],{"class":47},[37,150298,149434],{"class":756},[37,150300,3115],{"class":51},[37,150302,501],{"class":122},[37,150304,65],{"class":51},[37,150306,890],{"class":122},[37,150308,65],{"class":51},[37,150310,513],{"class":122},[37,150312,530],{"class":51},[37,150314,150315,150317,150319,150321],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150316,92],{"class":91},[37,150318,95],{"class":51},[37,150320,246],{"class":102},[37,150322,85],{"class":51},[20,150324,112],{},[28,150326,150327],{"className":30,"code":149646,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,150328,150329],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150330,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150332,95],{"class":51},[37,150334,501],{"class":122},[37,150336,65],{"class":51},[37,150338,890],{"class":122},[37,150340,65],{"class":51},[37,150342,513],{"class":122},[37,150344,85],{"class":51},[307,150346,105521],{"id":105520},[28,150348,150350],{"className":30,"code":150349,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150351,150352,150370],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150353,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150355,1729],{"class":43},[37,150357,48],{"class":47},[37,150359,149434],{"class":756},[37,150361,95],{"class":51},[37,150363,56],{"class":55},[37,150365,41660],{"class":59},[37,150367,56],{"class":55},[37,150369,85],{"class":51},[37,150371,150372,150374,150376,150378],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150373,92],{"class":91},[37,150375,95],{"class":51},[37,150377,1785],{"class":102},[37,150379,85],{"class":51},[20,150381,112],{},[28,150383,150385],{"className":30,"code":150384,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150386,150387],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150388,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150390,95],{"class":51},[37,150392,821],{"class":55},[37,150394,285],{"class":59},[37,150396,821],{"class":55},[37,150398,65],{"class":51},[37,150400,815],{"class":55},[37,150402,777],{"class":59},[37,150404,821],{"class":55},[37,150406,65],{"class":51},[37,150408,815],{"class":55},[37,150410,1754],{"class":59},[37,150412,821],{"class":55},[37,150414,85],{"class":51},[20,150416,150417],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[307,150419,150421],{"id":150420},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[28,150423,150425],{"className":30,"code":150424,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150426,150427,150445],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150428,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441,150443],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150430,1111],{"class":43},[37,150432,48],{"class":47},[37,150434,149434],{"class":756},[37,150436,95],{"class":51},[37,150438,60089],{"class":91},[37,150440,95],{"class":51},[37,150442,522],{"class":122},[37,150444,106],{"class":51},[37,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150448,92],{"class":91},[37,150450,95],{"class":51},[37,150452,1160],{"class":102},[37,150454,85],{"class":51},[20,150456,112],{},[28,150458,150460],{"className":30,"code":150459,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150461,150462],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150463,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150465,95],{"class":51},[37,150467,1070],{"class":122},[37,150469,65],{"class":51},[37,150471,5619],{"class":122},[37,150473,65],{"class":51},[37,150475,890],{"class":122},[37,150477,65],{"class":51},[37,150479,513],{"class":122},[37,150481,85],{"class":51},[20,150483,150484],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[130,150486,20907],{"id":20906},[135,150488,150489,150492,150495,150498],{},[138,150490,150491],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[138,150493,150494],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[138,150496,150497],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[138,150499,150500],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150502,150503,150504,292],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[285,150505,150507],{"href":150506},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[130,150509,1854],{"id":1853},[20,150511,150512],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[307,150514,150516],{"id":150515},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150518,150519],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[28,150521,150523],{"className":30,"code":150522,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150524,150525,150541],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150526,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537,150539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150528,28645],{"class":43},[37,150530,48],{"class":47},[37,150532,52],{"class":51},[37,150534,56],{"class":55},[37,150536,329],{"class":59},[37,150538,56],{"class":55},[37,150540,85],{"class":51},[37,150542,150543,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150544,92],{"class":91},[37,150546,95],{"class":51},[37,150548,757],{"class":756},[37,150550,95],{"class":51},[37,150552,23417],{"class":102},[37,150554,106],{"class":51},[20,150556,150557],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[28,150559,150561],{"className":30,"code":150560,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150562,150563,150579],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150564,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150566,28645],{"class":43},[37,150568,48],{"class":47},[37,150570,52],{"class":51},[37,150572,56],{"class":55},[37,150574,329],{"class":59},[37,150576,56],{"class":55},[37,150578,449],{"class":51},[37,150580,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589,150591],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150582,92],{"class":91},[37,150584,95],{"class":51},[37,150586,757],{"class":756},[37,150588,95],{"class":51},[37,150590,23417],{"class":102},[37,150592,106],{"class":51},[307,150594,150596],{"id":150595},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150598,150599],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[28,150601,150603],{"className":30,"code":150602,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150604,150605,150625],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150606,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150608,1111],{"class":43},[37,150610,48],{"class":47},[37,150612,519],{"class":51},[37,150614,501],{"class":122},[37,150616,65],{"class":51},[37,150618,890],{"class":122},[37,150620,65],{"class":51},[37,150622,513],{"class":122},[37,150624,3760],{"class":51},[37,150626,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150628,92],{"class":91},[37,150630,95],{"class":51},[37,150632,757],{"class":756},[37,150634,95],{"class":51},[37,150636,1160],{"class":102},[37,150638,106],{"class":51},[20,150640,150641],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[28,150643,150645],{"className":30,"code":150644,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150646,150647,150667],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150650,1111],{"class":43},[37,150652,48],{"class":47},[37,150654,52],{"class":51},[37,150656,501],{"class":122},[37,150658,65],{"class":51},[37,150660,890],{"class":122},[37,150662,65],{"class":51},[37,150664,513],{"class":122},[37,150666,85],{"class":51},[37,150668,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150670,92],{"class":91},[37,150672,95],{"class":51},[37,150674,757],{"class":756},[37,150676,95],{"class":51},[37,150678,1160],{"class":102},[37,150680,106],{"class":51},[307,150682,150684],{"id":150683},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150686,150497],{},[28,150688,150690],{"className":30,"code":150689,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150691,150692,150712],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150693,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150695,207],{"class":43},[37,150697,48],{"class":47},[37,150699,52],{"class":51},[37,150701,501],{"class":122},[37,150703,65],{"class":51},[37,150705,890],{"class":122},[37,150707,65],{"class":51},[37,150709,513],{"class":122},[37,150711,85],{"class":51},[37,150713,150714],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150715,150716],{"class":3788},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150718,150719],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[307,150721,37306,150723,150726],{"id":150722},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150724,150725],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150728,64734],{},[28,150730,150731],{"className":30,"code":150349,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,150732,150733,150751],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150734,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150736,1729],{"class":43},[37,150738,48],{"class":47},[37,150740,149434],{"class":756},[37,150742,95],{"class":51},[37,150744,56],{"class":55},[37,150746,41660],{"class":59},[37,150748,56],{"class":55},[37,150750,85],{"class":51},[37,150752,150753,150755,150757,150759],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150754,92],{"class":91},[37,150756,95],{"class":51},[37,150758,1785],{"class":102},[37,150760,85],{"class":51},[20,150762,150763],{},"gives:",[28,150765,150766],{"className":30,"code":150384,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,150767,150768],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150769,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150771,95],{"class":51},[37,150773,821],{"class":55},[37,150775,285],{"class":59},[37,150777,821],{"class":55},[37,150779,65],{"class":51},[37,150781,815],{"class":55},[37,150783,777],{"class":59},[37,150785,821],{"class":55},[37,150787,65],{"class":51},[37,150789,815],{"class":55},[37,150791,1754],{"class":59},[37,150793,821],{"class":55},[37,150795,85],{"class":51},[20,150797,150798],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[28,150800,150802],{"className":30,"code":150801,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150803,150804,150820],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150805,150806,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150807,6275],{"class":43},[37,150809,48],{"class":47},[37,150811,52],{"class":51},[37,150813,56],{"class":55},[37,150815,41660],{"class":59},[37,150817,56],{"class":55},[37,150819,449],{"class":51},[37,150821,150822,150824,150826,150828],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150823,92],{"class":91},[37,150825,95],{"class":51},[37,150827,38492],{"class":102},[37,150829,85],{"class":51},[20,150831,112],{},[28,150833,150835],{"className":30,"code":150834,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('abc',)\n",[15,150836,150837],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150838,150839,150841,150843,150845,150847],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150840,95],{"class":51},[37,150842,821],{"class":55},[37,150844,41660],{"class":59},[37,150846,821],{"class":55},[37,150848,449],{"class":51},[307,150850,150852],{"id":150851},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150854,150855],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[28,150857,150859],{"className":30,"code":150858,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150860,150861,150878,150882,150892,150906],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,150862,150863,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,150864,150865],{"class":43},"my_tuple ",[37,150867,48],{"class":47},[37,150869,52],{"class":51},[37,150871,56],{"class":55},[37,150873,329],{"class":59},[37,150875,56],{"class":55},[37,150877,449],{"class":51},[37,150879,150880],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,150881,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,150883,150884,150886,150888,150890],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,150885,92],{"class":91},[37,150887,95],{"class":51},[37,150889,176],{"class":102},[37,150891,85],{"class":51},[37,150893,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,150895,92],{"class":91},[37,150897,95],{"class":51},[37,150899,757],{"class":756},[37,150901,95],{"class":51},[37,150903,176],{"class":102},[37,150905,106],{"class":51},[37,150907,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,150909,92],{"class":91},[37,150911,95],{"class":51},[37,150913,17],{"class":91},[37,150915,95],{"class":51},[37,150917,176],{"class":102},[37,150919,106],{"class":51},[130,150921,1969],{"id":1968},[307,150923,150925],{"id":150924},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150927,2008,150928,150930],{},[15,150929,2011],{},". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[307,150932,150934],{"id":150933},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150936,150937],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[307,150939,150941],{"id":150940},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150943,150944],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[307,150946,150948],{"id":150947},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150950,150951],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[307,150953,5262,150955,12828],{"id":150954},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150956,150725],{},[20,150958,5268,150959,150962],{},[15,150960,150961],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[130,150964,2025],{"id":2024},[135,150966,150967,150971,150975,150979,150984,150989,150993],{},[138,150968,150969],{},[285,150970,148075],{"href":148074},[138,150972,150973],{},[285,150974,1845],{"href":1844},[138,150976,150977],{},[285,150978,1850],{"href":1849},[138,150980,150981],{},[285,150982,150983],{"href":149310},"Python tuple length with len()",[138,150985,150986],{},[285,150987,150988],{"href":854},"What is a tuple in Python?",[138,150990,150991],{},[285,150992,63309],{"href":63308},[138,150994,150995],{},[285,150996,150997],{"href":150506},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2052,150999,151000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":151002},[151003,151004,151005,151006,151007,151008,151014,151020,151021,151029,151037],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":132,"depth":88,"text":133},{"id":149599,"depth":88,"text":149600},{"id":149741,"depth":88,"text":149742},{"id":149834,"depth":88,"text":149835},{"id":150027,"depth":88,"text":150028,"children":151009},[151010,151011,151012,151013],{"id":246,"depth":251,"text":56553},{"id":5430,"depth":251,"text":56556},{"id":150119,"depth":251,"text":150120},{"id":150162,"depth":251,"text":150163},{"id":150269,"depth":88,"text":151015,"children":151016},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151017,151018,151019],{"id":105334,"depth":251,"text":105335},{"id":105520,"depth":251,"text":105521},{"id":150420,"depth":251,"text":150421},{"id":20906,"depth":88,"text":20907},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":151022},[151023,151024,151025,151026,151028],{"id":150515,"depth":251,"text":150516},{"id":150595,"depth":251,"text":150596},{"id":150683,"depth":251,"text":150684},{"id":150722,"depth":251,"text":151027},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150851,"depth":251,"text":150852},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":151030},[151031,151032,151033,151034,151035],{"id":150924,"depth":251,"text":150925},{"id":150933,"depth":251,"text":150934},{"id":150940,"depth":251,"text":150941},{"id":150947,"depth":251,"text":150948},{"id":150954,"depth":251,"text":151036},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149361,"description":151038},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151045,"title":151046,"body":151047,"description":152592,"extension":2099,"meta":152593,"navigation":254,"path":152594,"seo":152595,"stem":152596,"__hash__":152597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151048,"toc":152562},[151049,151052,151057,151059,151072,151078,151080,151147,151149,151184,151189,151193,151197,151199,151210,151218,151220,151222,151243,151245,151265,151268,151270,151275,151318,151320,151342,151345,151358,151362,151366,151369,151422,151424,151445,151450,151454,151457,151502,151504,151537,151549,151553,151561,151598,151600,151629,151633,151636,151689,151691,151711,151718,151722,151727,151796,151798,151823,151827,151830,151836,151913,151915,151974,151976,151988,151993,151997,152001,152015,152017,152052,152054,152071,152074,152087,152091,152095,152106,152111,152126,152129,152132,152134,152137,152141,152143,152157,152159,152183,152188,152192,152195,152214,152217,152266,152271,152288,152291,152324,152328,152330,152381,152384,152409,152412,152435,152439,152445,152447,152482,152485,152490,152492,152496,152499,152503,152508,152512,152515,152519,152522,152526,152531,152533,152559],[10,151050,151046],{"id":151051},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151053,9242,151054,151056],{},[15,151055,38148],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151058,82676],{},[135,151060,151061,151066],{},[138,151062,151063,151065],{},[15,151064,38148],{}," creates an empty tuple",[138,151067,151068,151071],{},[15,151069,151070],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151073,151074,151075,151077],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151076,38148],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[130,151079,2140],{"id":2139},[28,151081,151083],{"className":30,"code":151082,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151084,151085,151105,151119,151123,151133],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151086,151087,151089,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151088,207],{"class":43},[37,151090,48],{"class":47},[37,151092,519],{"class":51},[37,151094,501],{"class":122},[37,151096,65],{"class":51},[37,151098,890],{"class":122},[37,151100,65],{"class":51},[37,151102,513],{"class":122},[37,151104,3760],{"class":51},[37,151106,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151108,2362],{"class":43},[37,151110,48],{"class":47},[37,151112,149434],{"class":756},[37,151114,95],{"class":51},[37,151116,246],{"class":102},[37,151118,85],{"class":51},[37,151120,151121],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151122,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151124,151125,151127,151129,151131],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151126,92],{"class":91},[37,151128,95],{"class":51},[37,151130,2397],{"class":102},[37,151132,85],{"class":51},[37,151134,151135,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,151136,92],{"class":91},[37,151138,95],{"class":51},[37,151140,757],{"class":756},[37,151142,95],{"class":51},[37,151144,2397],{"class":102},[37,151146,106],{"class":51},[20,151148,112],{},[28,151150,151152],{"className":30,"code":151151,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151153,151154,151170],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151155,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151157,95],{"class":51},[37,151159,501],{"class":122},[37,151161,65],{"class":51},[37,151163,890],{"class":122},[37,151165,65],{"class":51},[37,151167,513],{"class":122},[37,151169,85],{"class":51},[37,151171,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151173,808],{"class":47},[37,151175,812],{"class":811},[37,151177,815],{"class":55},[37,151179,835],{"class":59},[37,151181,821],{"class":55},[37,151183,824],{"class":47},[20,151185,22,151186,151188],{},[15,151187,151070],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[130,151190,151192],{"id":151191},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151194,151195,63017],{},[15,151196,38148],{},[20,151198,49021],{},[135,151200,151201,151204,151207],{},[138,151202,151203],{},"creates a tuple object",[138,151205,151206],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[138,151208,151209],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151211,151212,151213,151215,151216,292],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[285,151214,855],{"href":854}," or the full guide to ",[285,151217,148075],{"href":148074},[130,151219,159],{"id":158},[20,151221,26593],{},[28,151223,151225],{"className":30,"code":151224,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151226,151227,151233],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151228,151229,151231],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151230,835],{"class":756},[37,151232,8761],{"class":51},[37,151234,151235,151237,151239,151241],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151236,835],{"class":756},[37,151238,95],{"class":51},[37,151240,3846],{"class":102},[37,151242,85],{"class":51},[20,151244,181],{},[135,151246,151247,151250],{},[138,151248,151249],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[138,151251,151252,151253],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[135,151254,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263],{},[138,151256,5421],{},[138,151258,5430],{},[138,151260,63088],{},[138,151262,5427],{},[138,151264,7372],{},[20,151266,151267],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[130,151269,149742],{"id":149741},[20,151271,29757,151272,151274],{},[15,151273,38148],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[28,151276,151278],{"className":30,"code":151277,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151279,151280,151290,151294,151304],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151281,151282,151284,151286,151288],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151283,124939],{"class":43},[37,151285,48],{"class":47},[37,151287,149434],{"class":756},[37,151289,8761],{"class":51},[37,151291,151292],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151293,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151295,151296,151298,151300,151302],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151297,92],{"class":91},[37,151299,95],{"class":51},[37,151301,124990],{"class":102},[37,151303,85],{"class":51},[37,151305,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151307,92],{"class":91},[37,151309,95],{"class":51},[37,151311,757],{"class":756},[37,151313,95],{"class":51},[37,151315,124990],{"class":102},[37,151317,106],{"class":51},[20,151319,112],{},[28,151321,151322],{"className":30,"code":149787,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,151323,151324,151328],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151325,151326],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151327,8761],{"class":51},[37,151329,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151331,808],{"class":47},[37,151333,812],{"class":811},[37,151335,815],{"class":55},[37,151337,835],{"class":59},[37,151339,821],{"class":55},[37,151341,824],{"class":47},[20,151343,151344],{},"This is equivalent to:",[28,151346,151348],{"className":30,"code":151347,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"empty = ()\n",[15,151349,151350],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151351,151352,151354,151356],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151353,124939],{"class":43},[37,151355,48],{"class":47},[37,151357,397],{"class":51},[130,151359,151361],{"id":151360},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[307,151363,151365],{"id":151364},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151367,151368],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[28,151370,151372],{"className":30,"code":151371,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151373,151374,151394,151408,151412],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151375,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151377,207],{"class":43},[37,151379,48],{"class":47},[37,151381,519],{"class":51},[37,151383,214],{"class":122},[37,151385,65],{"class":51},[37,151387,219],{"class":122},[37,151389,65],{"class":51},[37,151391,224],{"class":122},[37,151393,3760],{"class":51},[37,151395,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151397,2362],{"class":43},[37,151399,48],{"class":47},[37,151401,149434],{"class":756},[37,151403,95],{"class":51},[37,151405,246],{"class":102},[37,151407,85],{"class":51},[37,151409,151410],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151411,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151413,151414,151416,151418,151420],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151415,92],{"class":91},[37,151417,95],{"class":51},[37,151419,2397],{"class":102},[37,151421,85],{"class":51},[20,151423,112],{},[28,151425,151427],{"className":30,"code":151426,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151428,151429],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151430,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151432,95],{"class":51},[37,151434,214],{"class":122},[37,151436,65],{"class":51},[37,151438,219],{"class":122},[37,151440,65],{"class":51},[37,151442,224],{"class":122},[37,151444,85],{"class":51},[20,151446,151447,151448,292],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[285,151449,105140],{"href":60146},[307,151451,151453],{"id":151452},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151455,151456],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[28,151458,151460],{"className":30,"code":151459,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151461,151462,151474,151488,151492],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151463,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151465,34795],{"class":43},[37,151467,48],{"class":47},[37,151469,68],{"class":55},[37,151471,37149],{"class":59},[37,151473,3484],{"class":55},[37,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151477,2362],{"class":43},[37,151479,48],{"class":47},[37,151481,149434],{"class":756},[37,151483,95],{"class":51},[37,151485,34816],{"class":102},[37,151487,85],{"class":51},[37,151489,151490],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151491,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151493,151494,151496,151498,151500],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151495,92],{"class":91},[37,151497,95],{"class":51},[37,151499,2397],{"class":102},[37,151501,85],{"class":51},[20,151503,112],{},[28,151505,151507],{"className":30,"code":151506,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151508,151509],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151510,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151512,95],{"class":51},[37,151514,821],{"class":55},[37,151516,1754],{"class":59},[37,151518,821],{"class":55},[37,151520,65],{"class":51},[37,151522,815],{"class":55},[37,151524,285],{"class":59},[37,151526,821],{"class":55},[37,151528,65],{"class":51},[37,151530,815],{"class":55},[37,151532,63378],{"class":59},[37,151534,821],{"class":55},[37,151536,85],{"class":51},[20,151538,151539,151540,14163,151543,151545,151546,292],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151541,151542],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[110,151544,711],{}," create ",[15,151547,151548],{},"('cat',)",[307,151550,151552],{"id":151551},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151554,151555,151557,151558,151560],{},[15,151556,36301],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151559,38148],{}," collects them all.",[28,151562,151564],{"className":30,"code":151563,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151565,151566,151584,151588],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151567,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151569,2362],{"class":43},[37,151571,48],{"class":47},[37,151573,149434],{"class":756},[37,151575,95],{"class":51},[37,151577,60089],{"class":91},[37,151579,95],{"class":51},[37,151581,446],{"class":122},[37,151583,106],{"class":51},[37,151585,151586],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151587,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151591,92],{"class":91},[37,151593,95],{"class":51},[37,151595,2397],{"class":102},[37,151597,85],{"class":51},[20,151599,112],{},[28,151601,151603],{"className":30,"code":151602,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151604,151605],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151606,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151608,95],{"class":51},[37,151610,1070],{"class":122},[37,151612,65],{"class":51},[37,151614,5619],{"class":122},[37,151616,65],{"class":51},[37,151618,890],{"class":122},[37,151620,65],{"class":51},[37,151622,513],{"class":122},[37,151624,65],{"class":51},[37,151626,1134],{"class":122},[37,151628,85],{"class":51},[307,151630,151632],{"id":151631},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151634,151635],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[28,151637,151639],{"className":30,"code":151638,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151640,151641,151661,151675,151679],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151642,151643,151645,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151644,1111],{"class":43},[37,151646,48],{"class":47},[37,151648,10605],{"class":51},[37,151650,501],{"class":122},[37,151652,65],{"class":51},[37,151654,890],{"class":122},[37,151656,65],{"class":51},[37,151658,513],{"class":122},[37,151660,9424],{"class":51},[37,151662,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151664,2362],{"class":43},[37,151666,48],{"class":47},[37,151668,149434],{"class":756},[37,151670,95],{"class":51},[37,151672,1160],{"class":102},[37,151674,85],{"class":51},[37,151676,151677],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151678,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151680,151681,151683,151685,151687],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151682,92],{"class":91},[37,151684,95],{"class":51},[37,151686,2397],{"class":102},[37,151688,85],{"class":51},[20,151690,112],{},[28,151692,151693],{"className":30,"code":149646,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,151694,151695],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151696,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151698,95],{"class":51},[37,151700,501],{"class":122},[37,151702,65],{"class":51},[37,151704,890],{"class":122},[37,151706,65],{"class":51},[37,151708,513],{"class":122},[37,151710,85],{"class":51},[20,151712,151713,151714,292],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[285,151715,151717],{"href":151716},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[307,151719,151721],{"id":151720},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151723,63631,151724,151726],{},[15,151725,38148],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[28,151728,151730],{"className":30,"code":151729,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151731,151732,151768,151782,151786],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151733,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151735,13314],{"class":43},[37,151737,48],{"class":47},[37,151739,10605],{"class":51},[37,151741,56],{"class":55},[37,151743,7790],{"class":59},[37,151745,56],{"class":55},[37,151747,3013],{"class":51},[37,151749,68],{"class":55},[37,151751,1646],{"class":59},[37,151753,56],{"class":55},[37,151755,65],{"class":51},[37,151757,68],{"class":55},[37,151759,9415],{"class":59},[37,151761,56],{"class":55},[37,151763,3013],{"class":51},[37,151765,1653],{"class":122},[37,151767,9424],{"class":51},[37,151769,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151771,2362],{"class":43},[37,151773,48],{"class":47},[37,151775,149434],{"class":756},[37,151777,95],{"class":51},[37,151779,17416],{"class":102},[37,151781,85],{"class":51},[37,151783,151784],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151785,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151787,151788,151790,151792,151794],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151789,92],{"class":91},[37,151791,95],{"class":51},[37,151793,2397],{"class":102},[37,151795,85],{"class":51},[20,151797,30137],{},[28,151799,151801],{"className":30,"code":151800,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151802,151803],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151804,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151806,95],{"class":51},[37,151808,821],{"class":55},[37,151810,7790],{"class":59},[37,151812,821],{"class":55},[37,151814,65],{"class":51},[37,151816,815],{"class":55},[37,151818,9415],{"class":59},[37,151820,821],{"class":55},[37,151822,85],{"class":51},[130,151824,151826],{"id":151825},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151828,151829],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151831,151832,151835],{},[15,151833,151834],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[28,151837,151839],{"className":30,"code":151838,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151840,151841,151877,151881,151895],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151842,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151844,13314],{"class":43},[37,151846,48],{"class":47},[37,151848,10605],{"class":51},[37,151850,56],{"class":55},[37,151852,7790],{"class":59},[37,151854,56],{"class":55},[37,151856,3013],{"class":51},[37,151858,68],{"class":55},[37,151860,1646],{"class":59},[37,151862,56],{"class":55},[37,151864,65],{"class":51},[37,151866,68],{"class":55},[37,151868,9415],{"class":59},[37,151870,56],{"class":55},[37,151872,3013],{"class":51},[37,151874,1653],{"class":122},[37,151876,9424],{"class":51},[37,151878,151879],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151880,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,151882,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,151884,92],{"class":91},[37,151886,95],{"class":51},[37,151888,835],{"class":756},[37,151890,95],{"class":51},[37,151892,17416],{"class":102},[37,151894,106],{"class":51},[37,151896,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,151898,92],{"class":91},[37,151900,95],{"class":51},[37,151902,835],{"class":756},[37,151904,95],{"class":51},[37,151906,17416],{"class":102},[37,151908,292],{"class":51},[37,151910,687],{"class":102},[37,151912,6411],{"class":51},[20,151914,112],{},[28,151916,151918],{"className":30,"code":151917,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151919,151920,151940],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,151921,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,151923,95],{"class":51},[37,151925,821],{"class":55},[37,151927,7790],{"class":59},[37,151929,821],{"class":55},[37,151931,65],{"class":51},[37,151933,815],{"class":55},[37,151935,9415],{"class":59},[37,151937,821],{"class":55},[37,151939,85],{"class":51},[37,151941,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,151943,5632],{"class":51},[37,151945,821],{"class":55},[37,151947,7790],{"class":59},[37,151949,821],{"class":55},[37,151951,65],{"class":51},[37,151953,815],{"class":55},[37,151955,1646],{"class":59},[37,151957,821],{"class":55},[37,151959,516],{"class":51},[37,151961,52],{"class":51},[37,151963,821],{"class":55},[37,151965,9415],{"class":59},[37,151967,821],{"class":55},[37,151969,65],{"class":51},[37,151971,1653],{"class":122},[37,151973,106],{"class":51},[20,151975,18802],{},[135,151977,151978,151983],{},[138,151979,151980,151982],{},[15,151981,151834],{}," for keys",[138,151984,151985,32664],{},[15,151986,151987],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151989,151990,151991,292],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[285,151992,63641],{"href":63640},[130,151994,151996],{"id":151995},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151998,151999,18426],{},[15,152000,38148],{},[135,152002,152003,152006,152009,152012],{},[138,152004,152005],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[138,152007,152008],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[138,152010,152011],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[138,152013,152014],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152016,197],{},[28,152018,152020],{"className":30,"code":152019,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152021,152022,152041],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152023,152024,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152025,152026],{"class":43},"coordinates ",[37,152028,48],{"class":47},[37,152030,149434],{"class":756},[37,152032,3115],{"class":51},[37,152034,522],{"class":122},[37,152036,65],{"class":51},[37,152038,1564],{"class":122},[37,152040,530],{"class":51},[37,152042,152043,152045,152047,152050],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152044,92],{"class":91},[37,152046,95],{"class":51},[37,152048,152049],{"class":102},"coordinates",[37,152051,85],{"class":51},[20,152053,112],{},[28,152055,152057],{"className":30,"code":152056,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152058,152059],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152060,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152062,95],{"class":51},[37,152064,522],{"class":122},[37,152066,65],{"class":51},[37,152068,1564],{"class":122},[37,152070,85],{"class":51},[20,152072,152073],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[135,152075,152076,152078,152081,152084],{},[138,152077,152049],{},[138,152079,152080],{},"RGB colors",[138,152082,152083],{},"dates",[138,152085,152086],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[130,152088,152090],{"id":152089},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152092,1324,152093,10716],{},[15,152094,38148],{},[135,152096,152097,152100,152103],{},[138,152098,152099],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[138,152101,152102],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[138,152104,152105],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152107,116567,152108,152110],{},[110,152109,711],{}," work:",[28,152112,152114],{"className":30,"code":152113,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152115,152116],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152117,152118,152120,152122,152124],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152119,835],{"class":756},[37,152121,95],{"class":51},[37,152123,446],{"class":122},[37,152125,85],{"class":51},[20,152127,152128],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152130,152131],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[130,152133,115405],{"id":115404},[20,152135,152136],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[307,152138,152140],{"id":152139},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152142,2964],{},[28,152144,152145],{"className":30,"code":152113,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,152146,152147],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152148,152149,152151,152153,152155],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152150,835],{"class":756},[37,152152,95],{"class":51},[37,152154,446],{"class":122},[37,152156,85],{"class":51},[20,152158,29788],{},[28,152160,152161],{"className":30,"code":63744,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,152162,152163],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152164,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152166,3133],{"class":756},[37,152168,3013],{"class":51},[37,152170,815],{"class":55},[37,152172,818],{"class":59},[37,152174,821],{"class":55},[37,152176,24724],{"class":756},[37,152178,1536],{"class":47},[37,152180,8218],{"class":47},[37,152182,63767],{"class":43},[20,152184,152185,152186,292],{},"If you see this, read ",[285,152187,62382],{"href":52691},[307,152189,152191],{"id":152190},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152193,152194],{},"This code:",[28,152196,152198],{"className":30,"code":152197,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152199,152200],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152201,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152203,835],{"class":756},[37,152205,95],{"class":51},[37,152207,56],{"class":55},[37,152209,3970],{"class":59},[37,152211,56],{"class":55},[37,152213,85],{"class":51},[20,152215,152216],{},"returns:",[28,152218,152220],{"className":30,"code":152219,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152221,152222],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152223,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152225,95],{"class":51},[37,152227,821],{"class":55},[37,152229,60529],{"class":59},[37,152231,821],{"class":55},[37,152233,65],{"class":51},[37,152235,815],{"class":55},[37,152237,60538],{"class":59},[37,152239,821],{"class":55},[37,152241,65],{"class":51},[37,152243,815],{"class":55},[37,152245,60547],{"class":59},[37,152247,821],{"class":55},[37,152249,65],{"class":51},[37,152251,815],{"class":55},[37,152253,60547],{"class":59},[37,152255,821],{"class":55},[37,152257,65],{"class":51},[37,152259,815],{"class":55},[37,152261,60564],{"class":59},[37,152263,821],{"class":55},[37,152265,85],{"class":51},[20,152267,41007,152268,152270],{},[110,152269,711],{}," return:",[28,152272,152274],{"className":30,"code":152273,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('hello',)\n",[15,152275,152276],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152277,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152279,95],{"class":51},[37,152281,821],{"class":55},[37,152283,3970],{"class":59},[37,152285,821],{"class":55},[37,152287,449],{"class":51},[20,152289,152290],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[28,152292,152294],{"className":30,"code":152293,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152295,152296,152313],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152297,152298,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152299,152300],{"class":43},"single ",[37,152302,48],{"class":47},[37,152304,52],{"class":51},[37,152306,56],{"class":55},[37,152308,3970],{"class":59},[37,152310,56],{"class":55},[37,152312,449],{"class":51},[37,152314,152315,152317,152319,152322],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152316,92],{"class":91},[37,152318,95],{"class":51},[37,152320,152321],{"class":102},"single",[37,152323,85],{"class":51},[307,152325,152327],{"id":152326},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152329,152194],{},[28,152331,152333],{"className":30,"code":152332,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152334,152335,152367],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152336,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152338,494],{"class":43},[37,152340,48],{"class":47},[37,152342,10605],{"class":51},[37,152344,56],{"class":55},[37,152346,285],{"class":59},[37,152348,56],{"class":55},[37,152350,3013],{"class":51},[37,152352,5619],{"class":122},[37,152354,65],{"class":51},[37,152356,68],{"class":55},[37,152358,777],{"class":59},[37,152360,56],{"class":55},[37,152362,3013],{"class":51},[37,152364,890],{"class":122},[37,152366,9424],{"class":51},[37,152368,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152370,92],{"class":91},[37,152372,95],{"class":51},[37,152374,835],{"class":756},[37,152376,95],{"class":51},[37,152378,543],{"class":102},[37,152380,106],{"class":51},[20,152382,152383],{},"returns only the keys:",[28,152385,152387],{"className":30,"code":152386,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152388,152389],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152390,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152392,95],{"class":51},[37,152394,821],{"class":55},[37,152396,285],{"class":59},[37,152398,821],{"class":55},[37,152400,65],{"class":51},[37,152402,815],{"class":55},[37,152404,777],{"class":59},[37,152406,821],{"class":55},[37,152408,85],{"class":51},[20,152410,152411],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[28,152413,152415],{"className":30,"code":152414,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152416,152417],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152418,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152420,92],{"class":91},[37,152422,95],{"class":51},[37,152424,835],{"class":756},[37,152426,95],{"class":51},[37,152428,543],{"class":102},[37,152430,292],{"class":51},[37,152432,687],{"class":102},[37,152434,6411],{"class":51},[307,152436,152438],{"id":152437},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152440,152441,152442,152444],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152443,38148],{}," conversion.",[20,152446,5593],{},[28,152448,152450],{"className":30,"code":152449,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152451,152452,152472],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152453,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152455,1194],{"class":43},[37,152457,48],{"class":47},[37,152459,52],{"class":51},[37,152461,501],{"class":122},[37,152463,65],{"class":51},[37,152465,890],{"class":122},[37,152467,65],{"class":51},[37,152469,513],{"class":122},[37,152471,85],{"class":51},[37,152473,152474,152476,152478,152480],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152475,92],{"class":91},[37,152477,95],{"class":51},[37,152479,1215],{"class":102},[37,152481,85],{"class":51},[20,152483,152484],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152486,25613,152487,152489],{},[15,152488,38148],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[130,152491,1969],{"id":1968},[307,152493,152495],{"id":152494},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152497,152498],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[307,152500,152502],{"id":152501},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152504,152505,152506,292],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152507,7487],{},[307,152509,152511],{"id":152510},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152513,152514],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[307,152516,152518],{"id":152517},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152520,152521],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[307,152523,152525],{"id":152524},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152527,152528,152529,292],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152530,3133],{},[130,152532,2025],{"id":2024},[135,152534,152535,152539,152543,152547,152551,152555],{},[138,152536,152537],{},[285,152538,148075],{"href":148074},[138,152540,152541],{},[285,152542,150988],{"href":854},[138,152544,152545],{},[285,152546,105140],{"href":60146},[138,152548,152549],{},[285,152550,151717],{"href":151716},[138,152552,152553],{},[285,152554,63641],{"href":63640},[138,152556,152557],{},[285,152558,62382],{"href":52691},[2052,152560,152561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":152563},[152564,152565,152566,152567,152568,152575,152576,152577,152578,152584,152591],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":151191,"depth":88,"text":151192},{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":149741,"depth":88,"text":149742},{"id":151360,"depth":88,"text":151361,"children":152569},[152570,152571,152572,152573,152574],{"id":151364,"depth":251,"text":151365},{"id":151452,"depth":251,"text":151453},{"id":151551,"depth":251,"text":151552},{"id":151631,"depth":251,"text":151632},{"id":151720,"depth":251,"text":151721},{"id":151825,"depth":88,"text":151826},{"id":151995,"depth":88,"text":151996},{"id":152089,"depth":88,"text":152090},{"id":115404,"depth":88,"text":115405,"children":152579},[152580,152581,152582,152583],{"id":152139,"depth":251,"text":152140},{"id":152190,"depth":251,"text":152191},{"id":152326,"depth":251,"text":152327},{"id":152437,"depth":251,"text":152438},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":152585},[152586,152587,152588,152589,152590],{"id":152494,"depth":251,"text":152495},{"id":152501,"depth":251,"text":152502},{"id":152510,"depth":251,"text":152511},{"id":152517,"depth":251,"text":152518},{"id":152524,"depth":251,"text":152525},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151046,"description":152592},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152599,"title":152600,"body":152601,"description":154014,"extension":2099,"meta":154015,"navigation":254,"path":154016,"seo":154017,"stem":154018,"__hash__":154019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152602,"toc":153986},[152603,152608,152613,152616,152618,152697,152703,152708,152712,152727,152729,152776,152778,152786,152794,152800,152802,152807,152827,152830,152857,152859,152883,152885,153027,153029,153033,153041,153044,153046,153123,153125,153133,153137,153141,153151,153161,153163,153168,153170,153229,153234,153236,153336,153338,153352,153357,153363,153370,153373,153375,153485,153489,153506,153508,153571,153573,153581,153593,153597,153602,153630,153633,153715,153717,153728,153730,153734,153761,153763,153765,153845,153853,153855,153910,153912,153917,153920,153924,153928,153930,153934,153938,153946,153953,153956,153958,153983],[10,152604,147959,152606,11437],{"id":152605},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152607,59060],{},[20,152609,152610,152612],{},[15,152611,149277],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152614,152615],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[130,152617,2140],{"id":2139},[28,152619,152621],{"className":30,"code":152620,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152622,152623,152663,152685],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152624,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152626,44],{"class":43},[37,152628,48],{"class":47},[37,152630,52],{"class":51},[37,152632,56],{"class":55},[37,152634,60],{"class":59},[37,152636,56],{"class":55},[37,152638,65],{"class":51},[37,152640,68],{"class":55},[37,152642,80],{"class":59},[37,152644,56],{"class":55},[37,152646,65],{"class":51},[37,152648,68],{"class":55},[37,152650,71],{"class":59},[37,152652,56],{"class":55},[37,152654,65],{"class":51},[37,152656,68],{"class":55},[37,152658,80],{"class":59},[37,152660,56],{"class":55},[37,152662,85],{"class":51},[37,152664,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152666,65010],{"class":43},[37,152668,48],{"class":47},[37,152670,13233],{"class":43},[37,152672,292],{"class":51},[37,152674,35955],{"class":102},[37,152676,95],{"class":51},[37,152678,56],{"class":55},[37,152680,80],{"class":59},[37,152682,56],{"class":55},[37,152684,85],{"class":51},[37,152686,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,152688,92],{"class":91},[37,152690,95],{"class":51},[37,152692,65037],{"class":102},[37,152694,18],{"class":51},[37,152696,27886],{"class":3788},[20,152698,152699,152702],{},[15,152700,152701],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[130,152704,296,152706,3805],{"id":152705},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152707,149277],{},[20,152709,1531,152710,11528],{},[15,152711,59060],{},[135,152713,152714,152717,152719,152722],{},[138,152715,152716],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[138,152718,128557],{},[138,152720,152721],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[138,152723,152724,152725],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152726,1070],{},[20,152728,197],{},[28,152730,152732],{"className":30,"code":152731,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152733,152734,152758],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152735,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152737,207],{"class":43},[37,152739,48],{"class":47},[37,152741,52],{"class":51},[37,152743,214],{"class":122},[37,152745,65],{"class":51},[37,152747,219],{"class":122},[37,152749,65],{"class":51},[37,152751,224],{"class":122},[37,152753,65],{"class":51},[37,152755,219],{"class":122},[37,152757,85],{"class":51},[37,152759,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152761,92],{"class":91},[37,152763,95],{"class":51},[37,152765,246],{"class":102},[37,152767,292],{"class":51},[37,152769,35955],{"class":102},[37,152771,95],{"class":51},[37,152773,15863],{"class":122},[37,152775,106],{"class":51},[20,152777,112],{},[28,152779,152780],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,152781,152782],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152783,152784],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152785,471],{"class":122},[20,152787,21084,152788,152790,152791,152793],{},[15,152789,15863],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152792,59060],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152795,151212,152796,292],{},[285,152797,152799],{"href":152798},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[130,152801,159],{"id":158},[20,152803,7885,152804,152806],{},[15,152805,59060],{}," in two ways:",[28,152808,152810],{"className":30,"code":152809,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152811,152812],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152813,152814,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152815,152816],{"class":43},"tuple_name",[37,152818,292],{"class":51},[37,152820,35955],{"class":102},[37,152822,95],{"class":51},[37,152824,1215],{"class":102},[37,152826,85],{"class":51},[20,152828,152829],{},"or:",[28,152831,152833],{"className":30,"code":152832,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152834,152835],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152836,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152838,152816],{"class":43},[37,152840,292],{"class":51},[37,152842,35955],{"class":102},[37,152844,95],{"class":51},[37,152846,1215],{"class":102},[37,152848,65],{"class":51},[37,152850,36161],{"class":102},[37,152852,65],{"class":51},[37,152854,65131],{"class":102},[37,152856,85],{"class":51},[307,152858,17504],{"id":17503},[135,152860,152861,152866,152871,152876],{},[138,152862,152863,152865],{},[15,152864,1215],{}," — the item to search for",[138,152867,152868,152870],{},[15,152869,36182],{}," — optional starting position",[138,152872,152873,152875],{},[15,152874,52752],{}," — optional ending position",[138,152877,152878,4902,152880,152882],{},[15,152879,52752],{},[110,152881,65160],{}," in the search",[20,152884,197],{},[28,152886,152888],{"className":30,"code":152887,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152889,152890,152938,152942,152967,152995],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,152891,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,152893,1729],{"class":43},[37,152895,48],{"class":47},[37,152897,52],{"class":51},[37,152899,56],{"class":55},[37,152901,285],{"class":59},[37,152903,56],{"class":55},[37,152905,65],{"class":51},[37,152907,68],{"class":55},[37,152909,777],{"class":59},[37,152911,56],{"class":55},[37,152913,65],{"class":51},[37,152915,68],{"class":55},[37,152917,1754],{"class":59},[37,152919,56],{"class":55},[37,152921,65],{"class":51},[37,152923,68],{"class":55},[37,152925,777],{"class":59},[37,152927,56],{"class":55},[37,152929,65],{"class":51},[37,152931,68],{"class":55},[37,152933,18875],{"class":59},[37,152935,56],{"class":55},[37,152937,85],{"class":51},[37,152939,152940],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,152941,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,152943,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,152945,92],{"class":91},[37,152947,95],{"class":51},[37,152949,1785],{"class":102},[37,152951,292],{"class":51},[37,152953,35955],{"class":102},[37,152955,95],{"class":51},[37,152957,56],{"class":55},[37,152959,777],{"class":59},[37,152961,56],{"class":55},[37,152963,5482],{"class":51},[37,152965,152966],{"class":3788},"        # 1\n",[37,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,152970,92],{"class":91},[37,152972,95],{"class":51},[37,152974,1785],{"class":102},[37,152976,292],{"class":51},[37,152978,35955],{"class":102},[37,152980,95],{"class":51},[37,152982,56],{"class":55},[37,152984,777],{"class":59},[37,152986,56],{"class":55},[37,152988,65],{"class":51},[37,152990,890],{"class":122},[37,152992,5482],{"class":51},[37,152994,51011],{"class":3788},[37,152996,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,152998,92],{"class":91},[37,153000,95],{"class":51},[37,153002,1785],{"class":102},[37,153004,292],{"class":51},[37,153006,35955],{"class":102},[37,153008,95],{"class":51},[37,153010,56],{"class":55},[37,153012,777],{"class":59},[37,153014,56],{"class":55},[37,153016,65],{"class":51},[37,153018,5619],{"class":122},[37,153020,65],{"class":51},[37,153022,513],{"class":122},[37,153024,5482],{"class":51},[37,153026,27886],{"class":3788},[130,153028,103467],{"id":103466},[20,153030,153031,25616],{},[15,153032,149277],{},[135,153034,153035,153038],{},[138,153036,153037],{},"An integer",[138,153039,153040],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153042,153043],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153045,197],{},[28,153047,153049],{"className":30,"code":153048,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153050,153051,153091,153113],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153052,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153054,108566],{"class":43},[37,153056,48],{"class":47},[37,153058,52],{"class":51},[37,153060,56],{"class":55},[37,153062,37149],{"class":59},[37,153064,56],{"class":55},[37,153066,65],{"class":51},[37,153068,68],{"class":55},[37,153070,58219],{"class":59},[37,153072,56],{"class":55},[37,153074,65],{"class":51},[37,153076,68],{"class":55},[37,153078,58236],{"class":59},[37,153080,56],{"class":55},[37,153082,65],{"class":51},[37,153084,68],{"class":55},[37,153086,58219],{"class":59},[37,153088,56],{"class":55},[37,153090,85],{"class":51},[37,153092,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153094,2362],{"class":43},[37,153096,48],{"class":47},[37,153098,108609],{"class":43},[37,153100,292],{"class":51},[37,153102,35955],{"class":102},[37,153104,95],{"class":51},[37,153106,56],{"class":55},[37,153108,58219],{"class":59},[37,153110,56],{"class":55},[37,153112,85],{"class":51},[37,153114,153115,153117,153119,153121],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153116,92],{"class":91},[37,153118,95],{"class":51},[37,153120,2397],{"class":102},[37,153122,85],{"class":51},[20,153124,112],{},[28,153126,153127],{"className":30,"code":471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,153128,153129],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153130,153131],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153132,471],{"class":122},[130,153134,153136],{"id":153135},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153138,22,153139,10716],{},[15,153140,149277],{},[135,153142,153143,153145,153148],{},[138,153144,66189],{},[138,153146,153147],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[138,153149,153150],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153152,153153,153154,153157,153158,292],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153155,153156],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[285,153159,1845],{"href":153160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[130,153162,65721],{"id":65720},[20,153164,153165,153166,292],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153167,40805],{},[20,153169,197],{},[28,153171,153173],{"className":30,"code":153172,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153174,153175,153207],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153176,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153178,44],{"class":43},[37,153180,48],{"class":47},[37,153182,52],{"class":51},[37,153184,56],{"class":55},[37,153186,60],{"class":59},[37,153188,56],{"class":55},[37,153190,65],{"class":51},[37,153192,68],{"class":55},[37,153194,80],{"class":59},[37,153196,56],{"class":55},[37,153198,65],{"class":51},[37,153200,68],{"class":55},[37,153202,71],{"class":59},[37,153204,56],{"class":55},[37,153206,85],{"class":51},[37,153208,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153210,92],{"class":91},[37,153212,95],{"class":51},[37,153214,103],{"class":102},[37,153216,292],{"class":51},[37,153218,35955],{"class":102},[37,153220,95],{"class":51},[37,153222,56],{"class":55},[37,153224,627],{"class":59},[37,153226,56],{"class":55},[37,153228,106],{"class":51},[20,153230,1382,153231,153233],{},[15,153232,109891],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153235,65796],{},[28,153237,153239],{"className":30,"code":153238,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153240,153241,153273,153277,153293,153315,153321],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153242,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153244,44],{"class":43},[37,153246,48],{"class":47},[37,153248,52],{"class":51},[37,153250,56],{"class":55},[37,153252,60],{"class":59},[37,153254,56],{"class":55},[37,153256,65],{"class":51},[37,153258,68],{"class":55},[37,153260,80],{"class":59},[37,153262,56],{"class":55},[37,153264,65],{"class":51},[37,153266,68],{"class":55},[37,153268,71],{"class":59},[37,153270,56],{"class":55},[37,153272,85],{"class":51},[37,153274,153275],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153276,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,153278,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153280,1484],{"class":1483},[37,153282,68],{"class":55},[37,153284,627],{"class":59},[37,153286,56],{"class":55},[37,153288,21280],{"class":47},[37,153290,13233],{"class":43},[37,153292,1501],{"class":51},[37,153294,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,153296,1506],{"class":91},[37,153298,95],{"class":51},[37,153300,103],{"class":102},[37,153302,292],{"class":51},[37,153304,35955],{"class":102},[37,153306,95],{"class":51},[37,153308,56],{"class":55},[37,153310,627],{"class":59},[37,153312,56],{"class":55},[37,153314,106],{"class":51},[37,153316,153317,153319],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,153318,27540],{"class":1483},[37,153320,1501],{"class":51},[37,153322,153323,153325,153327,153329,153332,153334],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,153324,1506],{"class":91},[37,153326,95],{"class":51},[37,153328,56],{"class":55},[37,153330,153331],{"class":59},"Value not found",[37,153333,56],{"class":55},[37,153335,85],{"class":51},[20,153337,112],{},[28,153339,153341],{"className":30,"code":153340,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Value not found\n",[15,153342,153343],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153344,153345,153348,153350],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153346,153347],{"class":43},"Value ",[37,153349,711],{"class":47},[37,153351,65920],{"class":43},[20,153353,153354,153355,292],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[285,153356,65930],{"href":65929},[130,153358,1872,153359,851,153361],{"id":65497},[15,153360,36182],{},[15,153362,52752],{},[20,153364,1531,153365,851,153367,153369],{},[15,153366,36182],{},[15,153368,52752],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153371,153372],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153374,197],{},[28,153376,153378],{"className":30,"code":153377,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153379,153380,153408,153412,153433,153457],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153381,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153383,1111],{"class":43},[37,153385,48],{"class":47},[37,153387,52],{"class":51},[37,153389,446],{"class":122},[37,153391,65],{"class":51},[37,153393,6125],{"class":122},[37,153395,65],{"class":51},[37,153397,527],{"class":122},[37,153399,65],{"class":51},[37,153401,219],{"class":122},[37,153403,65],{"class":51},[37,153405,527],{"class":122},[37,153407,85],{"class":51},[37,153409,153410],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153411,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,153413,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153415,92],{"class":91},[37,153417,95],{"class":51},[37,153419,1160],{"class":102},[37,153421,292],{"class":51},[37,153423,35955],{"class":102},[37,153425,95],{"class":51},[37,153427,446],{"class":122},[37,153429,5482],{"class":51},[37,153431,153432],{"class":3788},"        # 0\n",[37,153434,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,153436,92],{"class":91},[37,153438,95],{"class":51},[37,153440,1160],{"class":102},[37,153442,292],{"class":51},[37,153444,35955],{"class":102},[37,153446,95],{"class":51},[37,153448,446],{"class":122},[37,153450,65],{"class":51},[37,153452,5619],{"class":122},[37,153454,5482],{"class":51},[37,153456,51045],{"class":3788},[37,153458,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,153460,92],{"class":91},[37,153462,95],{"class":51},[37,153464,1160],{"class":102},[37,153466,292],{"class":51},[37,153468,35955],{"class":102},[37,153470,95],{"class":51},[37,153472,446],{"class":122},[37,153474,65],{"class":51},[37,153476,513],{"class":122},[37,153478,65],{"class":51},[37,153480,527],{"class":122},[37,153482,5482],{"class":51},[37,153484,51028],{"class":3788},[307,153486,153488],{"id":153487},"how-it-works","How it works",[135,153490,153491,153496,153501],{},[138,153492,153493,153495],{},[15,153494,36182],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[138,153497,153498,153500],{},[15,153499,52752],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[138,153502,1531,153503,153505],{},[15,153504,52752],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153507,197],{},[28,153509,153511],{"className":30,"code":153510,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153512,153513,153541,153545],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153514,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153516,1111],{"class":43},[37,153518,48],{"class":47},[37,153520,52],{"class":51},[37,153522,446],{"class":122},[37,153524,65],{"class":51},[37,153526,6125],{"class":122},[37,153528,65],{"class":51},[37,153530,527],{"class":122},[37,153532,65],{"class":51},[37,153534,219],{"class":122},[37,153536,65],{"class":51},[37,153538,527],{"class":122},[37,153540,85],{"class":51},[37,153542,153543],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153544,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,153546,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153548,92],{"class":91},[37,153550,95],{"class":51},[37,153552,1160],{"class":102},[37,153554,292],{"class":51},[37,153556,35955],{"class":102},[37,153558,95],{"class":51},[37,153560,446],{"class":122},[37,153562,65],{"class":51},[37,153564,5619],{"class":122},[37,153566,65],{"class":51},[37,153568,1134],{"class":122},[37,153570,106],{"class":51},[20,153572,112],{},[28,153574,153575],{"className":30,"code":1008,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,153576,153577],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153578,153579],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153580,1008],{"class":122},[20,153582,153583,153584,2321,153586,17181,153588,153590,153591,292],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153585,501],{},[15,153587,508],{},[15,153589,1129],{},", but not ",[15,153592,522],{},[130,153594,153596],{"id":153595},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153598,153599,153600,3013],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153601,149277],{},[135,153603,153604,153612,153617,153624],{},[138,153605,153606,153607,153609,153610],{},"Do not confuse the ",[110,153608,1215],{}," with the ",[110,153611,35955],{},[138,153613,153614,153615],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153616,1070],{},[138,153618,22,153619,153623],{},[285,153620,149303,153621,10856],{"href":149355},[15,153622,57382],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[138,153625,153626,153627,153629],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153628,153156],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153631,153632],{},"Example of value vs index:",[28,153634,153636],{"className":30,"code":153635,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153637,153638,153670,153674,153698],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153639,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153641,320],{"class":43},[37,153643,48],{"class":47},[37,153645,52],{"class":51},[37,153647,56],{"class":55},[37,153649,329],{"class":59},[37,153651,56],{"class":55},[37,153653,65],{"class":51},[37,153655,68],{"class":55},[37,153657,338],{"class":59},[37,153659,56],{"class":55},[37,153661,65],{"class":51},[37,153663,68],{"class":55},[37,153665,347],{"class":59},[37,153667,56],{"class":55},[37,153669,85],{"class":51},[37,153671,153672],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153673,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,153675,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153677,92],{"class":91},[37,153679,95],{"class":51},[37,153681,364],{"class":102},[37,153683,292],{"class":51},[37,153685,35955],{"class":102},[37,153687,95],{"class":51},[37,153689,56],{"class":55},[37,153691,338],{"class":59},[37,153693,56],{"class":55},[37,153695,5482],{"class":51},[37,153697,27886],{"class":3788},[37,153699,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,153701,92],{"class":91},[37,153703,95],{"class":51},[37,153705,364],{"class":102},[37,153707,1067],{"class":51},[37,153709,501],{"class":122},[37,153711,20553],{"class":51},[37,153713,153714],{"class":3788},"               # banana\n",[20,153716,2311],{},[135,153718,153719,153723],{},[138,153720,153721,15355],{},[15,153722,65365],{},[138,153724,153725,153727],{},[15,153726,501],{}," is the index",[130,153729,1854],{"id":1853},[20,153731,106205,153732,3013],{},[15,153733,149277],{},[135,153735,153736,153739,153744,153749,153756],{},[138,153737,153738],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[138,153740,1880,153741,153743],{},[15,153742,59060],{}," to return all matching positions",[138,153745,153746,153747],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153748,1070],{},[138,153750,153751,153752,851,153754],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153753,36182],{},[15,153755,52752],{},[138,153757,37306,153758,153760],{},[15,153759,149277],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[307,153762,60801],{"id":60800},[20,153764,94467],{},[28,153766,153768],{"className":30,"code":153767,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153769,153770,153780,153794,153809,153827],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153771,153772,153774,153776,153778],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153773,92],{"class":91},[37,153775,95],{"class":51},[37,153777,176],{"class":102},[37,153779,85],{"class":51},[37,153781,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153783,92],{"class":91},[37,153785,95],{"class":51},[37,153787,17],{"class":91},[37,153789,95],{"class":51},[37,153791,176],{"class":102},[37,153793,106],{"class":51},[37,153795,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153807],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153797,92],{"class":91},[37,153799,95],{"class":51},[37,153801,1194],{"class":102},[37,153803,1773],{"class":1483},[37,153805,153806],{"class":102}," my_tuple",[37,153808,85],{"class":51},[37,153810,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,153812,92],{"class":91},[37,153814,95],{"class":51},[37,153816,176],{"class":102},[37,153818,292],{"class":51},[37,153820,265],{"class":102},[37,153822,95],{"class":51},[37,153824,1215],{"class":102},[37,153826,106],{"class":51},[37,153828,153829,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,153830,92],{"class":91},[37,153832,95],{"class":51},[37,153834,176],{"class":102},[37,153836,292],{"class":51},[37,153838,35955],{"class":102},[37,153840,95],{"class":51},[37,153842,1215],{"class":102},[37,153844,106],{"class":51},[20,153846,153847,153848,84484,153850,153852],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153849,40805],{},[15,153851,1215],{}," is missing.",[20,153854,129710],{},[28,153856,153858],{"className":30,"code":153857,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153859,153860,153872,153890,153896],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,153861,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,153863,1484],{"class":1483},[37,153865,21691],{"class":43},[37,153867,1773],{"class":47},[37,153869,153806],{"class":43},[37,153871,1501],{"class":51},[37,153873,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,153875,1506],{"class":91},[37,153877,95],{"class":51},[37,153879,176],{"class":102},[37,153881,292],{"class":51},[37,153883,35955],{"class":102},[37,153885,95],{"class":51},[37,153887,1215],{"class":102},[37,153889,106],{"class":51},[37,153891,153892,153894],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,153893,27540],{"class":1483},[37,153895,1501],{"class":51},[37,153897,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,153899,1506],{"class":91},[37,153901,95],{"class":51},[37,153903,56],{"class":55},[37,153905,153331],{"class":59},[37,153907,56],{"class":55},[37,153909,85],{"class":51},[130,153911,1969],{"id":1968},[307,153913,5262,153915,12828],{"id":153914},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153916,149277],{},[20,153918,153919],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[307,153921,153923],{"id":153922},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153925,153926,152793],{},[15,153927,149277],{},[307,153929,149256],{"id":149255},[20,153931,76945,153932,292],{},[15,153933,40805],{},[307,153935,153937],{"id":153936},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153939,153940,153941,851,153943,153945],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153942,36182],{},[15,153944,52752],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[307,153947,15013,153949,57297,153951,2623],{"id":153948},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153950,149277],{},[15,153952,64956],{},[20,153954,153955],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[130,153957,2025],{"id":2024},[135,153959,153960,153966,153970,153975,153979],{},[138,153961,153962],{},[285,153963,149303,153964,10856],{"href":149355},[15,153965,57382],{},[138,153967,153968],{},[285,153969,1845],{"href":153160},[138,153971,153972],{},[285,153973,153974],{"href":151040},"Creating a tuple in Python",[138,153976,153977],{},[285,153978,65930],{"href":65929},[138,153980,153981],{},[285,153982,150988],{"href":152798},[2052,153984,153985],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":153987},[153988,153989,153991,153994,153995,153996,153997,154000,154001,154004,154013],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":152705,"depth":88,"text":153990},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159,"children":153992},[153993],{"id":17503,"depth":251,"text":17504},{"id":103466,"depth":88,"text":103467},{"id":153135,"depth":88,"text":153136},{"id":65720,"depth":88,"text":65721},{"id":65497,"depth":88,"text":66280,"children":153998},[153999],{"id":153487,"depth":251,"text":153488},{"id":153595,"depth":88,"text":153596},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854,"children":154002},[154003],{"id":60800,"depth":251,"text":60801},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":154005},[154006,154008,154009,154010,154011],{"id":153914,"depth":251,"text":154007},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153922,"depth":251,"text":153923},{"id":149255,"depth":251,"text":149256},{"id":153936,"depth":251,"text":153937},{"id":153948,"depth":251,"text":154012},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152600,"description":154014},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154021,"title":154022,"body":154023,"description":155417,"extension":2099,"meta":155418,"navigation":254,"path":153160,"seo":155419,"stem":155420,"__hash__":155421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154024,"toc":155399},[154025,154028,154031,154034,154048,154050,154053,154147,154157,154163,154167,154170,154173,154175,154193,154195,154266,154268,154285,154289,154293,154296,154313,154316,154331,154333,154424,154427,154431,154434,154451,154453,154548,154551,154554,154558,154561,154655,154657,154676,154679,154683,154686,154688,154743,154745,154780,154783,154797,154805,154898,154907,154911,154914,154921,154924,154971,154973,154981,154984,155035,155037,155054,155059,155063,155066,155069,155071,155122,155125,155180,155183,155186,155188,155191,155211,155213,155286,155288,155301,155303,155307,155312,155316,155321,155338,155342,155345,155362,155366,155369,155371,155396],[10,154026,154022],{"id":154027},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154029,154030],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154032,154033],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[135,154035,154036,154039,154042,154045],{},[138,154037,154038],{},"positive indexes",[138,154040,154041],{},"negative indexes",[138,154043,154044],{},"common indexing mistakes",[138,154046,154047],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[130,154049,3734],{"id":3733},[20,154051,154052],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[28,154054,154056],{"className":30,"code":154055,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154057,154058,154090,154094,154111,154128],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154059,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154061,44],{"class":43},[37,154063,48],{"class":47},[37,154065,52],{"class":51},[37,154067,56],{"class":55},[37,154069,60],{"class":59},[37,154071,56],{"class":55},[37,154073,65],{"class":51},[37,154075,68],{"class":55},[37,154077,71],{"class":59},[37,154079,56],{"class":55},[37,154081,65],{"class":51},[37,154083,68],{"class":55},[37,154085,80],{"class":59},[37,154087,56],{"class":55},[37,154089,85],{"class":51},[37,154091,154092],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154093,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154095,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154097,92],{"class":91},[37,154099,95],{"class":51},[37,154101,103],{"class":102},[37,154103,1067],{"class":51},[37,154105,1070],{"class":122},[37,154107,20553],{"class":51},[37,154109,154110],{"class":3788},"   # red\n",[37,154112,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,154114,92],{"class":91},[37,154116,95],{"class":51},[37,154118,103],{"class":102},[37,154120,1067],{"class":51},[37,154122,501],{"class":122},[37,154124,20553],{"class":51},[37,154126,154127],{"class":3788},"   # green\n",[37,154129,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,154131,92],{"class":91},[37,154133,95],{"class":51},[37,154135,103],{"class":102},[37,154137,1067],{"class":51},[37,154139,2159],{"class":47},[37,154141,501],{"class":122},[37,154143,20553],{"class":51},[37,154145,154146],{"class":3788},"  # blue\n",[135,154148,154149,154154],{},[138,154150,132499,154151,154153],{},[15,154152,1070],{}," is the first item.",[138,154155,154156],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154158,154159,154160,292],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[285,154161,154162],{"href":849},"how to create a tuple in Python",[130,154164,154166],{"id":154165},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154168,154169],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154171,154172],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154174,181],{},[135,154176,154177,154180,154187,154190],{},[138,154178,154179],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[138,154181,154182,154183,19071,154185],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154184,1070],{},[15,154186,501],{},[138,154188,154189],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[138,154191,154192],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154194,197],{},[28,154196,154198],{"className":30,"code":154197,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154199,154200,154220,154224,154238,154252],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154203,207],{"class":43},[37,154205,48],{"class":47},[37,154207,52],{"class":51},[37,154209,214],{"class":122},[37,154211,65],{"class":51},[37,154213,219],{"class":122},[37,154215,65],{"class":51},[37,154217,224],{"class":122},[37,154219,85],{"class":51},[37,154221,154222],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154223,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154225,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154227,92],{"class":91},[37,154229,95],{"class":51},[37,154231,246],{"class":102},[37,154233,1067],{"class":51},[37,154235,1070],{"class":122},[37,154237,530],{"class":51},[37,154239,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,154241,92],{"class":91},[37,154243,95],{"class":51},[37,154245,246],{"class":102},[37,154247,1067],{"class":51},[37,154249,501],{"class":122},[37,154251,530],{"class":51},[37,154253,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,154255,92],{"class":91},[37,154257,95],{"class":51},[37,154259,246],{"class":102},[37,154261,1067],{"class":51},[37,154263,508],{"class":122},[37,154265,530],{"class":51},[20,154267,112],{},[28,154269,154271],{"className":30,"code":154270,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154272,154273,154277,154281],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154274,154275],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154276,2509],{"class":122},[37,154278,154279],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154280,71311],{"class":122},[37,154282,154283],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154284,69928],{"class":122},[20,154286,59485,154287,292],{},[285,154288,148075],{"href":148074},[130,154290,154292],{"id":154291},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154294,154295],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[135,154297,154298,154303,154308],{},[138,154299,154300,154302],{},[15,154301,1070],{}," = first item",[138,154304,154305,154307],{},[15,154306,501],{}," = second item",[138,154309,154310,154312],{},[15,154311,508],{}," = third item",[20,154314,154315],{},"Pattern:",[28,154317,154319],{"className":30,"code":154318,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154320,154321],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154322,154323,154325,154327,154329],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154324,152816],{"class":43},[37,154326,1067],{"class":51},[37,154328,35955],{"class":43},[37,154330,3760],{"class":51},[20,154332,197],{},[28,154334,154336],{"className":30,"code":154335,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154337,154338,154370,154374,154391,154407],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154339,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154341,320],{"class":43},[37,154343,48],{"class":47},[37,154345,52],{"class":51},[37,154347,56],{"class":55},[37,154349,329],{"class":59},[37,154351,56],{"class":55},[37,154353,65],{"class":51},[37,154355,68],{"class":55},[37,154357,338],{"class":59},[37,154359,56],{"class":55},[37,154361,65],{"class":51},[37,154363,68],{"class":55},[37,154365,4218],{"class":59},[37,154367,56],{"class":55},[37,154369,85],{"class":51},[37,154371,154372],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154373,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154375,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154377,92],{"class":91},[37,154379,95],{"class":51},[37,154381,364],{"class":102},[37,154383,1067],{"class":51},[37,154385,1070],{"class":122},[37,154387,20553],{"class":51},[37,154389,154390],{"class":3788},"  # apple\n",[37,154392,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,154394,92],{"class":91},[37,154396,95],{"class":51},[37,154398,364],{"class":102},[37,154400,1067],{"class":51},[37,154402,501],{"class":122},[37,154404,20553],{"class":51},[37,154406,51577],{"class":3788},[37,154408,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,154410,92],{"class":91},[37,154412,95],{"class":51},[37,154414,364],{"class":102},[37,154416,1067],{"class":51},[37,154418,508],{"class":122},[37,154420,20553],{"class":51},[37,154422,154423],{"class":3788},"  # cherry\n",[20,154425,154426],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[130,154428,154430],{"id":154429},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154432,154433],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[135,154435,154436,154441,154446],{},[138,154437,154438,154440],{},[15,154439,65945],{}," = last item",[138,154442,154443,154445],{},[15,154444,95497],{}," = second-to-last item",[138,154447,154448,154450],{},[15,154449,47765],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154452,197],{},[28,154454,154456],{"className":30,"code":154455,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154457,154458,154490,154494,154512,154530],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154459,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154461,320],{"class":43},[37,154463,48],{"class":47},[37,154465,52],{"class":51},[37,154467,56],{"class":55},[37,154469,329],{"class":59},[37,154471,56],{"class":55},[37,154473,65],{"class":51},[37,154475,68],{"class":55},[37,154477,338],{"class":59},[37,154479,56],{"class":55},[37,154481,65],{"class":51},[37,154483,68],{"class":55},[37,154485,4218],{"class":59},[37,154487,56],{"class":55},[37,154489,85],{"class":51},[37,154491,154492],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154493,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154495,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154497,92],{"class":91},[37,154499,95],{"class":51},[37,154501,364],{"class":102},[37,154503,1067],{"class":51},[37,154505,2159],{"class":47},[37,154507,501],{"class":122},[37,154509,20553],{"class":51},[37,154511,154423],{"class":3788},[37,154513,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,154515,92],{"class":91},[37,154517,95],{"class":51},[37,154519,364],{"class":102},[37,154521,1067],{"class":51},[37,154523,2159],{"class":47},[37,154525,508],{"class":122},[37,154527,20553],{"class":51},[37,154529,51577],{"class":3788},[37,154531,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,154533,92],{"class":91},[37,154535,95],{"class":51},[37,154537,364],{"class":102},[37,154539,1067],{"class":51},[37,154541,2159],{"class":47},[37,154543,1129],{"class":122},[37,154545,20553],{"class":51},[37,154547,154390],{"class":3788},[20,154549,154550],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154552,154553],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[130,154555,154557],{"id":154556},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154559,154560],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[28,154562,154564],{"className":30,"code":154563,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154565,154566,154598,154602,154619,154636],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154567,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154569,5114],{"class":43},[37,154571,48],{"class":47},[37,154573,52],{"class":51},[37,154575,56],{"class":55},[37,154577,1646],{"class":59},[37,154579,56],{"class":55},[37,154581,65],{"class":51},[37,154583,68],{"class":55},[37,154585,36050],{"class":59},[37,154587,56],{"class":55},[37,154589,65],{"class":51},[37,154591,68],{"class":55},[37,154593,36059],{"class":59},[37,154595,56],{"class":55},[37,154597,85],{"class":51},[37,154599,154600],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154601,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154603,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154605,92],{"class":91},[37,154607,95],{"class":51},[37,154609,5158],{"class":102},[37,154611,1067],{"class":51},[37,154613,1070],{"class":122},[37,154615,20553],{"class":51},[37,154617,154618],{"class":3788},"   # first item\n",[37,154620,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,154622,92],{"class":91},[37,154624,95],{"class":51},[37,154626,5158],{"class":102},[37,154628,1067],{"class":51},[37,154630,501],{"class":122},[37,154632,20553],{"class":51},[37,154634,154635],{"class":3788},"   # middle item\n",[37,154637,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,154639,92],{"class":91},[37,154641,95],{"class":51},[37,154643,5158],{"class":102},[37,154645,1067],{"class":51},[37,154647,2159],{"class":47},[37,154649,501],{"class":122},[37,154651,20553],{"class":51},[37,154653,154654],{"class":3788},"  # last item\n",[20,154656,112],{},[28,154658,154660],{"className":30,"code":154659,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154661,154662,154666,154671],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154663,154664],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154665,50133],{"class":43},[37,154667,154668],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154669,154670],{"class":43},"Ben\n",[37,154672,154673],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154674,154675],{"class":43},"Cara\n",[20,154677,154678],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[130,154680,154682],{"id":154681},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154684,154685],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154687,197],{},[28,154689,154691],{"className":30,"code":154690,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154692,154693,154725,154729],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154696,1729],{"class":43},[37,154698,48],{"class":47},[37,154700,52],{"class":51},[37,154702,56],{"class":55},[37,154704,285],{"class":59},[37,154706,56],{"class":55},[37,154708,65],{"class":51},[37,154710,68],{"class":55},[37,154712,777],{"class":59},[37,154714,56],{"class":55},[37,154716,65],{"class":51},[37,154718,68],{"class":55},[37,154720,1754],{"class":59},[37,154722,56],{"class":55},[37,154724,85],{"class":51},[37,154726,154727],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154728,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154730,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154732,92],{"class":91},[37,154734,95],{"class":51},[37,154736,1785],{"class":102},[37,154738,1067],{"class":51},[37,154740,446],{"class":122},[37,154742,530],{"class":51},[20,154744,112],{},[28,154746,154748],{"className":30,"code":154747,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154749,154750,154762,154767],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154751,154752,154755,154757,154760],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154753,154754],{"class":102},"Traceback ",[37,154756,95],{"class":51},[37,154758,154759],{"class":102},"most recent call last",[37,154761,8460],{"class":51},[37,154763,154764],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154765,154766],{"class":34560},"  ...\n",[37,154768,154769,154771,154773,154775,154778],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154770,70818],{"class":756},[37,154772,3013],{"class":51},[37,154774,149434],{"class":756},[37,154776,154777],{"class":43}," index out of ",[37,154779,71010],{"class":91},[20,154781,154782],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[135,154784,154785,154789,154793],{},[138,154786,154787],{},[15,154788,1070],{},[138,154790,154791],{},[15,154792,501],{},[138,154794,154795],{},[15,154796,508],{},[20,154798,154799,154800,292],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[285,154801,154802,154804],{"href":149310},[15,154803,25],{}," on a tuple",[28,154806,154808],{"className":30,"code":154807,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154809,154810,154842,154846,154862,154866,154884],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154811,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154813,1729],{"class":43},[37,154815,48],{"class":47},[37,154817,52],{"class":51},[37,154819,56],{"class":55},[37,154821,285],{"class":59},[37,154823,56],{"class":55},[37,154825,65],{"class":51},[37,154827,68],{"class":55},[37,154829,777],{"class":59},[37,154831,56],{"class":55},[37,154833,65],{"class":51},[37,154835,68],{"class":55},[37,154837,1754],{"class":59},[37,154839,56],{"class":55},[37,154841,85],{"class":51},[37,154843,154844],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154845,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154847,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154849,92],{"class":91},[37,154851,95],{"class":51},[37,154853,17],{"class":91},[37,154855,95],{"class":51},[37,154857,1785],{"class":102},[37,154859,5482],{"class":51},[37,154861,50864],{"class":3788},[37,154863,154864],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,154865,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154867,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,154869,1484],{"class":1483},[37,154871,241],{"class":91},[37,154873,95],{"class":51},[37,154875,1785],{"class":102},[37,154877,18],{"class":51},[37,154879,38497],{"class":47},[37,154881,890],{"class":122},[37,154883,1501],{"class":51},[37,154885,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,154887,1506],{"class":91},[37,154889,95],{"class":51},[37,154891,1785],{"class":102},[37,154893,1067],{"class":51},[37,154895,508],{"class":122},[37,154897,530],{"class":51},[20,154899,154900,154901,292],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[285,154902,25787,154904],{"href":154903},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154905,154906],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[130,154908,154910],{"id":154909},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154912,154913],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[135,154915,154916,154918],{},[138,154917,76962],{},[138,154919,154920],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154922,154923],{},"Indexing example:",[28,154925,154927],{"className":30,"code":154926,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154928,154929,154953,154957],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154930,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154932,207],{"class":43},[37,154934,48],{"class":47},[37,154936,52],{"class":51},[37,154938,214],{"class":122},[37,154940,65],{"class":51},[37,154942,219],{"class":122},[37,154944,65],{"class":51},[37,154946,224],{"class":122},[37,154948,65],{"class":51},[37,154950,229],{"class":122},[37,154952,85],{"class":51},[37,154954,154955],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,154956,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,154958,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,154960,92],{"class":91},[37,154962,95],{"class":51},[37,154964,246],{"class":102},[37,154966,1067],{"class":51},[37,154968,501],{"class":122},[37,154970,530],{"class":51},[20,154972,112],{},[28,154974,154975],{"className":30,"code":71311,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,154976,154977],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154978,154979],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154980,71311],{"class":122},[20,154982,154983],{},"Slicing example:",[28,154985,154987],{"className":30,"code":154986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154988,154989,155013,155017],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,154990,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,154992,207],{"class":43},[37,154994,48],{"class":47},[37,154996,52],{"class":51},[37,154998,214],{"class":122},[37,155000,65],{"class":51},[37,155002,219],{"class":122},[37,155004,65],{"class":51},[37,155006,224],{"class":122},[37,155008,65],{"class":51},[37,155010,229],{"class":122},[37,155012,85],{"class":51},[37,155014,155015],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,155016,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,155018,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,155020,92],{"class":91},[37,155022,95],{"class":51},[37,155024,246],{"class":102},[37,155026,1067],{"class":51},[37,155028,501],{"class":122},[37,155030,3013],{"class":51},[37,155032,1129],{"class":122},[37,155034,530],{"class":51},[20,155036,112],{},[28,155038,155040],{"className":30,"code":155039,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155041,155042],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,155043,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,155045,95],{"class":51},[37,155047,15863],{"class":122},[37,155049,65],{"class":51},[37,155051,224],{"class":122},[37,155053,85],{"class":51},[20,155055,155056,155057,292],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[285,155058,1850],{"href":1849},[130,155060,155062],{"id":155061},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155064,155065],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155067,155068],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155070,6809],{},[28,155072,155074],{"className":30,"code":155073,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155075,155076,155108],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,155077,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,155079,44],{"class":43},[37,155081,48],{"class":47},[37,155083,52],{"class":51},[37,155085,56],{"class":55},[37,155087,60],{"class":59},[37,155089,56],{"class":55},[37,155091,65],{"class":51},[37,155093,68],{"class":55},[37,155095,71],{"class":59},[37,155097,56],{"class":55},[37,155099,65],{"class":51},[37,155101,68],{"class":55},[37,155103,80],{"class":59},[37,155105,56],{"class":55},[37,155107,85],{"class":51},[37,155109,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118,155120],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,155111,92],{"class":91},[37,155113,95],{"class":51},[37,155115,103],{"class":102},[37,155117,1067],{"class":51},[37,155119,501],{"class":122},[37,155121,530],{"class":51},[20,155123,155124],{},"But this does not work:",[28,155126,155128],{"className":30,"code":155127,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155129,155130,155162],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,155131,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,155133,44],{"class":43},[37,155135,48],{"class":47},[37,155137,52],{"class":51},[37,155139,56],{"class":55},[37,155141,60],{"class":59},[37,155143,56],{"class":55},[37,155145,65],{"class":51},[37,155147,68],{"class":55},[37,155149,71],{"class":59},[37,155151,56],{"class":55},[37,155153,65],{"class":51},[37,155155,68],{"class":55},[37,155157,80],{"class":59},[37,155159,56],{"class":55},[37,155161,85],{"class":51},[37,155163,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,155165,103],{"class":43},[37,155167,1067],{"class":51},[37,155169,501],{"class":122},[37,155171,13383],{"class":51},[37,155173,1342],{"class":47},[37,155175,68],{"class":55},[37,155177,627],{"class":59},[37,155179,3484],{"class":55},[20,155181,155182],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155184,155185],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[130,155187,1854],{"id":1853},[20,155189,155190],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[135,155192,155193,155199,155202,155205],{},[138,155194,132803,155195,1866,155197],{},[15,155196,501],{},[15,155198,1070],{},[138,155200,155201],{},"Using an index that is too large",[138,155203,155204],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[138,155206,155207,155208],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155209,155210],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155212,62386],{},[28,155214,155216],{"className":30,"code":155215,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155217,155218,155228,155242,155256,155272],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,155219,155220,155222,155224,155226],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,155221,92],{"class":91},[37,155223,95],{"class":51},[37,155225,176],{"class":102},[37,155227,85],{"class":51},[37,155229,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,155231,92],{"class":91},[37,155233,95],{"class":51},[37,155235,17],{"class":91},[37,155237,95],{"class":51},[37,155239,176],{"class":102},[37,155241,106],{"class":51},[37,155243,155244,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,155245,92],{"class":91},[37,155247,95],{"class":51},[37,155249,176],{"class":102},[37,155251,1067],{"class":51},[37,155253,1070],{"class":122},[37,155255,530],{"class":51},[37,155257,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,155259,92],{"class":91},[37,155261,95],{"class":51},[37,155263,176],{"class":102},[37,155265,1067],{"class":51},[37,155267,2159],{"class":47},[37,155269,501],{"class":122},[37,155271,530],{"class":51},[37,155273,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,155275,92],{"class":91},[37,155277,95],{"class":51},[37,155279,757],{"class":756},[37,155281,95],{"class":51},[37,155283,176],{"class":102},[37,155285,106],{"class":51},[20,155287,1946],{},[135,155289,155290,155293,155295,155298],{},[138,155291,155292],{},"what the tuple contains",[138,155294,60875],{},[138,155296,155297],{},"what the first and last items are",[138,155299,155300],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[130,155302,1969],{"id":1968},[307,155304,155306],{"id":155305},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155308,155309,155310,292],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155311,1070],{},[307,155313,155315],{"id":155314},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155317,22,155318,155320],{},[15,155319,65945],{}," as the index:",[28,155322,155324],{"className":30,"code":155323,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155325,155326],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,155327,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,155329,176],{"class":43},[37,155331,1067],{"class":51},[37,155333,2159],{"class":47},[37,155335,501],{"class":122},[37,155337,3760],{"class":51},[307,155339,155341],{"id":155340},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155343,155344],{},"Python raises:",[28,155346,155348],{"className":30,"code":155347,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155349,155350],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,155351,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,155353,70818],{"class":756},[37,155355,3013],{"class":51},[37,155357,149434],{"class":756},[37,155359,154777],{"class":43},[37,155361,71010],{"class":91},[307,155363,155365],{"id":155364},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155367,155368],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[130,155370,2025],{"id":2024},[135,155372,155373,155378,155382,155386,155392],{},[138,155374,155375],{},[285,155376,155377],{"href":849},"How to create a tuple in Python",[138,155379,155380],{},[285,155381,1850],{"href":1849},[138,155383,155384],{},[285,155385,150983],{"href":149310},[138,155387,155388],{},[285,155389,26228,155390],{"href":154903},[15,155391,154906],{},[138,155393,155394],{},[285,155395,148075],{"href":148074},[2052,155397,155398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157170,"toc":159515},[157171,157174,157177,157180,157203,157209,157211,157322,157326,157329,157339,157341,157440,157442,157519,157525,157529,157532,157555,157558,157575,157578,157580,157643,157645,157662,157673,157678,157680,157683,157689,157740,157742,157762,157766,157817,157819,157840,157844,157899,157901,157922,157926,157981,157983,158004,158008,158061,158063,158092,158094,158096,158099,158103,158160,158162,158183,158187,158240,158242,158267,158272,158276,158281,158299,158302,158365,158367,158388,158391,158452,158454,158475,158478,158521,158524,158528,158533,158537,158616,158618,158649,158653,158728,158730,158757,158761,158808,158810,158818,158823,158827,158830,158845,158847,158935,158937,158962,158965,159008,159017,159019,159022,159037,159040,159044,159098,159100,159120,159125,159129,159131,159169,159172,159222,159226,159299,159301,159338,159341,159343,159346,159366,159369,159438,159440,159453,159455,159459,159462,159466,159469,159474,159477,159483,159488,159490,159512],[10,157172,157168],{"id":157173},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157175,157176],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157178,157179],{},"Use this format:",[28,157181,157183],{"className":30,"code":157182,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157184,157185],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157186,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157188,835],{"class":43},[37,157190,1067],{"class":51},[37,157192,36182],{"class":43},[37,157194,3013],{"class":51},[37,157196,75513],{"class":43},[37,157198,3013],{"class":51},[37,157200,75516],{"class":43},[37,157202,3760],{"class":51},[20,157204,1531,157205,75549,157207,292],{},[15,157206,75513],{},[110,157208,65160],{},[130,157210,2140],{"id":2139},[28,157212,157214],{"className":30,"code":157213,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157215,157216,157244,157248,157269,157286,157303],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157217,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157219,207],{"class":43},[37,157221,48],{"class":47},[37,157223,52],{"class":51},[37,157225,214],{"class":122},[37,157227,65],{"class":51},[37,157229,219],{"class":122},[37,157231,65],{"class":51},[37,157233,224],{"class":122},[37,157235,65],{"class":51},[37,157237,229],{"class":122},[37,157239,65],{"class":51},[37,157241,5200],{"class":122},[37,157243,85],{"class":51},[37,157245,157246],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157247,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157249,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157251,92],{"class":91},[37,157253,95],{"class":51},[37,157255,246],{"class":102},[37,157257,1067],{"class":51},[37,157259,501],{"class":122},[37,157261,3013],{"class":51},[37,157263,522],{"class":122},[37,157265,20553],{"class":51},[37,157267,157268],{"class":3788},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[37,157270,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,157272,92],{"class":91},[37,157274,95],{"class":51},[37,157276,246],{"class":102},[37,157278,75622],{"class":51},[37,157280,1129],{"class":122},[37,157282,20553],{"class":51},[37,157284,157285],{"class":3788},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[37,157287,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,157289,92],{"class":91},[37,157291,95],{"class":51},[37,157293,246],{"class":102},[37,157295,74209],{"class":51},[37,157297,508],{"class":122},[37,157299,20553],{"class":51},[37,157301,157302],{"class":3788},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[37,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,157306,92],{"class":91},[37,157308,95],{"class":51},[37,157310,246],{"class":102},[37,157312,74209],{"class":51},[37,157314,2159],{"class":47},[37,157316,501],{"class":122},[37,157318,20553],{"class":51},[37,157320,157321],{"class":3788},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[130,157323,157325],{"id":157324},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157327,157328],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[135,157330,157331,157333,157336],{},[138,157332,75816],{},[138,157334,157335],{},"The result is a new tuple",[138,157337,157338],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157340,197],{},[28,157342,157344],{"className":30,"code":157343,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157345,157346,157394,157398,157416,157420,157430],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157347,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157349,1729],{"class":43},[37,157351,48],{"class":47},[37,157353,52],{"class":51},[37,157355,56],{"class":55},[37,157357,285],{"class":59},[37,157359,56],{"class":55},[37,157361,65],{"class":51},[37,157363,68],{"class":55},[37,157365,777],{"class":59},[37,157367,56],{"class":55},[37,157369,65],{"class":51},[37,157371,68],{"class":55},[37,157373,1754],{"class":59},[37,157375,56],{"class":55},[37,157377,65],{"class":51},[37,157379,68],{"class":55},[37,157381,18875],{"class":59},[37,157383,56],{"class":55},[37,157385,65],{"class":51},[37,157387,68],{"class":55},[37,157389,60538],{"class":59},[37,157391,56],{"class":55},[37,157393,85],{"class":51},[37,157395,157396],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157397,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157399,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157401,75746],{"class":43},[37,157403,48],{"class":47},[37,157405,1802],{"class":43},[37,157407,1067],{"class":51},[37,157409,501],{"class":122},[37,157411,3013],{"class":51},[37,157413,522],{"class":122},[37,157415,3760],{"class":51},[37,157417,157418],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,157419,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157421,157422,157424,157426,157428],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,157423,92],{"class":91},[37,157425,95],{"class":51},[37,157427,75769],{"class":102},[37,157429,85],{"class":51},[37,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,157433,92],{"class":91},[37,157435,95],{"class":51},[37,157437,1785],{"class":102},[37,157439,85],{"class":51},[20,157441,112],{},[28,157443,157445],{"className":30,"code":157444,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157446,157447,157475],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157448,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157450,95],{"class":51},[37,157452,821],{"class":55},[37,157454,777],{"class":59},[37,157456,821],{"class":55},[37,157458,65],{"class":51},[37,157460,815],{"class":55},[37,157462,1754],{"class":59},[37,157464,821],{"class":55},[37,157466,65],{"class":51},[37,157468,815],{"class":55},[37,157470,18875],{"class":59},[37,157472,821],{"class":55},[37,157474,85],{"class":51},[37,157476,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157478,95],{"class":51},[37,157480,821],{"class":55},[37,157482,285],{"class":59},[37,157484,821],{"class":55},[37,157486,65],{"class":51},[37,157488,815],{"class":55},[37,157490,777],{"class":59},[37,157492,821],{"class":55},[37,157494,65],{"class":51},[37,157496,815],{"class":55},[37,157498,1754],{"class":59},[37,157500,821],{"class":55},[37,157502,65],{"class":51},[37,157504,815],{"class":55},[37,157506,18875],{"class":59},[37,157508,821],{"class":55},[37,157510,65],{"class":51},[37,157512,815],{"class":55},[37,157514,60538],{"class":59},[37,157516,821],{"class":55},[37,157518,85],{"class":51},[20,157520,157521,157522,292],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[285,157523,148075],{"href":157524},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[130,157526,157528],{"id":157527},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157530,157531],{},"The full syntax is:",[28,157533,157535],{"className":30,"code":157534,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157536,157537],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157540,176],{"class":43},[37,157542,1067],{"class":51},[37,157544,36182],{"class":43},[37,157546,3013],{"class":51},[37,157548,75513],{"class":43},[37,157550,3013],{"class":51},[37,157552,75516],{"class":43},[37,157554,3760],{"class":51},[20,157556,157557],{},"Each part has a job:",[135,157559,157560,157565,157570],{},[138,157561,157562,157564],{},[15,157563,36182],{},": where slicing begins",[138,157566,157567,157569],{},[15,157568,75513],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[138,157571,157572,157574],{},[15,157573,75516],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157576,157577],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157579,197],{},[28,157581,157583],{"className":30,"code":157582,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157584,157585,157617,157621],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157586,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157588,207],{"class":43},[37,157590,48],{"class":47},[37,157592,52],{"class":51},[37,157594,214],{"class":122},[37,157596,65],{"class":51},[37,157598,219],{"class":122},[37,157600,65],{"class":51},[37,157602,224],{"class":122},[37,157604,65],{"class":51},[37,157606,229],{"class":122},[37,157608,65],{"class":51},[37,157610,5200],{"class":122},[37,157612,65],{"class":51},[37,157614,76187],{"class":122},[37,157616,85],{"class":51},[37,157618,157619],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157620,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157622,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157624,92],{"class":91},[37,157626,95],{"class":51},[37,157628,246],{"class":102},[37,157630,1067],{"class":51},[37,157632,501],{"class":122},[37,157634,3013],{"class":51},[37,157636,446],{"class":122},[37,157638,3013],{"class":51},[37,157640,508],{"class":122},[37,157642,530],{"class":51},[20,157644,112],{},[28,157646,157648],{"className":30,"code":157647,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157649,157650],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157651,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157653,95],{"class":51},[37,157655,15863],{"class":122},[37,157657,65],{"class":51},[37,157659,229],{"class":122},[37,157661,85],{"class":51},[20,157663,157664,157665,157667,157668,157670,157671,292],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157666,501],{},", stops before index ",[15,157669,446],{},", and moves by ",[15,157672,508],{},[20,157674,157675,157676,292],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[285,157677,1845],{"href":153160},[130,157679,76103],{"id":76102},[20,157681,157682],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[307,157684,157686,157687,6087],{"id":157685},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157688,76117],{},[28,157690,157692],{"className":30,"code":157691,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157693,157694,157722,157726],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157695,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157697,207],{"class":43},[37,157699,48],{"class":47},[37,157701,52],{"class":51},[37,157703,214],{"class":122},[37,157705,65],{"class":51},[37,157707,219],{"class":122},[37,157709,65],{"class":51},[37,157711,224],{"class":122},[37,157713,65],{"class":51},[37,157715,229],{"class":122},[37,157717,65],{"class":51},[37,157719,5200],{"class":122},[37,157721,85],{"class":51},[37,157723,157724],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157725,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157727,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157729,92],{"class":91},[37,157731,95],{"class":51},[37,157733,246],{"class":102},[37,157735,75622],{"class":51},[37,157737,1129],{"class":122},[37,157739,530],{"class":51},[20,157741,112],{},[28,157743,157744],{"className":30,"code":151426,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,157745,157746],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157747,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157749,95],{"class":51},[37,157751,214],{"class":122},[37,157753,65],{"class":51},[37,157755,219],{"class":122},[37,157757,65],{"class":51},[37,157759,224],{"class":122},[37,157761,85],{"class":51},[307,157763,157765],{"id":157764},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[28,157767,157769],{"className":30,"code":157768,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157770,157771,157799,157803],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157772,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157774,207],{"class":43},[37,157776,48],{"class":47},[37,157778,52],{"class":51},[37,157780,214],{"class":122},[37,157782,65],{"class":51},[37,157784,219],{"class":122},[37,157786,65],{"class":51},[37,157788,224],{"class":122},[37,157790,65],{"class":51},[37,157792,229],{"class":122},[37,157794,65],{"class":51},[37,157796,5200],{"class":122},[37,157798,85],{"class":51},[37,157800,157801],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157802,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157804,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157806,92],{"class":91},[37,157808,95],{"class":51},[37,157810,246],{"class":102},[37,157812,1067],{"class":51},[37,157814,508],{"class":122},[37,157816,77803],{"class":51},[20,157818,112],{},[28,157820,157822],{"className":30,"code":157821,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157823,157824],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157825,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157827,95],{"class":51},[37,157829,36943],{"class":122},[37,157831,65],{"class":51},[37,157833,229],{"class":122},[37,157835,65],{"class":51},[37,157837,5200],{"class":122},[37,157839,85],{"class":51},[307,157841,157843],{"id":157842},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[28,157845,157847],{"className":30,"code":157846,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157848,157849,157877,157881],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157850,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157852,207],{"class":43},[37,157854,48],{"class":47},[37,157856,52],{"class":51},[37,157858,214],{"class":122},[37,157860,65],{"class":51},[37,157862,219],{"class":122},[37,157864,65],{"class":51},[37,157866,224],{"class":122},[37,157868,65],{"class":51},[37,157870,229],{"class":122},[37,157872,65],{"class":51},[37,157874,5200],{"class":122},[37,157876,85],{"class":51},[37,157878,157879],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157880,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157882,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157884,92],{"class":91},[37,157886,95],{"class":51},[37,157888,246],{"class":102},[37,157890,1067],{"class":51},[37,157892,501],{"class":122},[37,157894,3013],{"class":51},[37,157896,522],{"class":122},[37,157898,530],{"class":51},[20,157900,112],{},[28,157902,157904],{"className":30,"code":157903,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157905,157906],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157909,95],{"class":51},[37,157911,15863],{"class":122},[37,157913,65],{"class":51},[37,157915,224],{"class":122},[37,157917,65],{"class":51},[37,157919,229],{"class":122},[37,157921,85],{"class":51},[307,157923,157925],{"id":157924},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[28,157927,157929],{"className":30,"code":157928,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157930,157931,157963,157967],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157932,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157934,207],{"class":43},[37,157936,48],{"class":47},[37,157938,52],{"class":51},[37,157940,214],{"class":122},[37,157942,65],{"class":51},[37,157944,219],{"class":122},[37,157946,65],{"class":51},[37,157948,224],{"class":122},[37,157950,65],{"class":51},[37,157952,229],{"class":122},[37,157954,65],{"class":51},[37,157956,5200],{"class":122},[37,157958,65],{"class":51},[37,157960,76187],{"class":122},[37,157962,85],{"class":51},[37,157964,157965],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,157966,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,157968,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,157970,92],{"class":91},[37,157972,95],{"class":51},[37,157974,246],{"class":102},[37,157976,74209],{"class":51},[37,157978,508],{"class":122},[37,157980,530],{"class":51},[20,157982,112],{},[28,157984,157986],{"className":30,"code":157985,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157987,157988],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,157989,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,157991,95],{"class":51},[37,157993,214],{"class":122},[37,157995,65],{"class":51},[37,157997,224],{"class":122},[37,157999,65],{"class":51},[37,158001,5200],{"class":122},[37,158003,85],{"class":51},[307,158005,158007],{"id":158006},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[28,158009,158011],{"className":30,"code":158010,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158012,158013,158041,158045],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158014,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158016,207],{"class":43},[37,158018,48],{"class":47},[37,158020,52],{"class":51},[37,158022,214],{"class":122},[37,158024,65],{"class":51},[37,158026,219],{"class":122},[37,158028,65],{"class":51},[37,158030,224],{"class":122},[37,158032,65],{"class":51},[37,158034,229],{"class":122},[37,158036,65],{"class":51},[37,158038,5200],{"class":122},[37,158040,85],{"class":51},[37,158042,158043],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158044,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158046,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158048,92],{"class":91},[37,158050,95],{"class":51},[37,158052,246],{"class":102},[37,158054,74209],{"class":51},[37,158056,2159],{"class":47},[37,158058,501],{"class":122},[37,158060,530],{"class":51},[20,158062,112],{},[28,158064,158066],{"className":30,"code":158065,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158067,158068],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158069,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158071,95],{"class":51},[37,158073,76881],{"class":122},[37,158075,65],{"class":51},[37,158077,229],{"class":122},[37,158079,65],{"class":51},[37,158081,224],{"class":122},[37,158083,65],{"class":51},[37,158085,219],{"class":122},[37,158087,65],{"class":51},[37,158089,6125],{"class":122},[37,158091,85],{"class":51},[130,158093,76397],{"id":76396},[20,158095,154433],{},[20,158097,158098],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[307,158100,158102],{"id":158101},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[28,158104,158106],{"className":30,"code":158105,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158107,158108,158140,158144],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158109,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158111,207],{"class":43},[37,158113,48],{"class":47},[37,158115,52],{"class":51},[37,158117,214],{"class":122},[37,158119,65],{"class":51},[37,158121,219],{"class":122},[37,158123,65],{"class":51},[37,158125,224],{"class":122},[37,158127,65],{"class":51},[37,158129,229],{"class":122},[37,158131,65],{"class":51},[37,158133,5200],{"class":122},[37,158135,65],{"class":51},[37,158137,76187],{"class":122},[37,158139,85],{"class":51},[37,158141,158142],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158143,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158145,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158147,92],{"class":91},[37,158149,95],{"class":51},[37,158151,246],{"class":102},[37,158153,1067],{"class":51},[37,158155,2159],{"class":47},[37,158157,1129],{"class":122},[37,158159,77803],{"class":51},[20,158161,112],{},[28,158163,158165],{"className":30,"code":158164,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158166,158167],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158168,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158170,95],{"class":51},[37,158172,56784],{"class":122},[37,158174,65],{"class":51},[37,158176,5200],{"class":122},[37,158178,65],{"class":51},[37,158180,76187],{"class":122},[37,158182,85],{"class":51},[307,158184,158186],{"id":158185},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[28,158188,158190],{"className":30,"code":158189,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158191,158192,158220,158224],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158193,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158195,207],{"class":43},[37,158197,48],{"class":47},[37,158199,52],{"class":51},[37,158201,214],{"class":122},[37,158203,65],{"class":51},[37,158205,219],{"class":122},[37,158207,65],{"class":51},[37,158209,224],{"class":122},[37,158211,65],{"class":51},[37,158213,229],{"class":122},[37,158215,65],{"class":51},[37,158217,5200],{"class":122},[37,158219,85],{"class":51},[37,158221,158222],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158223,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158225,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158227,92],{"class":91},[37,158229,95],{"class":51},[37,158231,246],{"class":102},[37,158233,75622],{"class":51},[37,158235,2159],{"class":47},[37,158237,501],{"class":122},[37,158239,530],{"class":51},[20,158241,112],{},[28,158243,158245],{"className":30,"code":158244,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158246,158247],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158248,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158250,95],{"class":51},[37,158252,214],{"class":122},[37,158254,65],{"class":51},[37,158256,219],{"class":122},[37,158258,65],{"class":51},[37,158260,224],{"class":122},[37,158262,65],{"class":51},[37,158264,229],{"class":122},[37,158266,85],{"class":51},[20,158268,158269,158270,292],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[285,158271,150983],{"href":2101},[130,158273,158275],{"id":158274},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158277,1531,158278,158280],{},[15,158279,75516],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[135,158282,158283,158285,158287,158293],{},[138,158284,76653],{},[138,158286,76656],{},[138,158288,158289,158292],{},[15,158290,158291],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[138,158294,158295,158296,158298],{},"A step of ",[15,158297,1070],{}," is not allowed",[20,158300,158301],{},"Example with a positive step:",[28,158303,158305],{"className":30,"code":158304,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158306,158307,158339,158343],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158308,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158310,207],{"class":43},[37,158312,48],{"class":47},[37,158314,52],{"class":51},[37,158316,214],{"class":122},[37,158318,65],{"class":51},[37,158320,219],{"class":122},[37,158322,65],{"class":51},[37,158324,224],{"class":122},[37,158326,65],{"class":51},[37,158328,229],{"class":122},[37,158330,65],{"class":51},[37,158332,5200],{"class":122},[37,158334,65],{"class":51},[37,158336,76187],{"class":122},[37,158338,85],{"class":51},[37,158340,158341],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158342,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158344,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158346,92],{"class":91},[37,158348,95],{"class":51},[37,158350,246],{"class":102},[37,158352,1067],{"class":51},[37,158354,501],{"class":122},[37,158356,3013],{"class":51},[37,158358,80681],{"class":122},[37,158360,3013],{"class":51},[37,158362,508],{"class":122},[37,158364,530],{"class":51},[20,158366,112],{},[28,158368,158370],{"className":30,"code":158369,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158371,158372],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158373,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158375,95],{"class":51},[37,158377,15863],{"class":122},[37,158379,65],{"class":51},[37,158381,229],{"class":122},[37,158383,65],{"class":51},[37,158385,76187],{"class":122},[37,158387,85],{"class":51},[20,158389,158390],{},"Example with a negative step:",[28,158392,158394],{"className":30,"code":158393,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158395,158396,158424,158428],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158397,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158399,207],{"class":43},[37,158401,48],{"class":47},[37,158403,52],{"class":51},[37,158405,214],{"class":122},[37,158407,65],{"class":51},[37,158409,219],{"class":122},[37,158411,65],{"class":51},[37,158413,224],{"class":122},[37,158415,65],{"class":51},[37,158417,229],{"class":122},[37,158419,65],{"class":51},[37,158421,5200],{"class":122},[37,158423,85],{"class":51},[37,158425,158426],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158427,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158429,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158431,92],{"class":91},[37,158433,95],{"class":51},[37,158435,246],{"class":102},[37,158437,1067],{"class":51},[37,158439,522],{"class":122},[37,158441,3013],{"class":51},[37,158443,501],{"class":122},[37,158445,3013],{"class":51},[37,158447,2159],{"class":47},[37,158449,501],{"class":122},[37,158451,530],{"class":51},[20,158453,112],{},[28,158455,158457],{"className":30,"code":158456,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158458,158459],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158462,95],{"class":51},[37,158464,76881],{"class":122},[37,158466,65],{"class":51},[37,158468,229],{"class":122},[37,158470,65],{"class":51},[37,158472,224],{"class":122},[37,158474,85],{"class":51},[20,158476,158477],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[28,158479,158481],{"className":30,"code":158480,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158482,158483,158503,158507],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158486,207],{"class":43},[37,158488,48],{"class":47},[37,158490,52],{"class":51},[37,158492,214],{"class":122},[37,158494,65],{"class":51},[37,158496,219],{"class":122},[37,158498,65],{"class":51},[37,158500,224],{"class":122},[37,158502,85],{"class":51},[37,158504,158505],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158506,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158508,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158510,92],{"class":91},[37,158512,95],{"class":51},[37,158514,246],{"class":102},[37,158516,74209],{"class":51},[37,158518,1070],{"class":122},[37,158520,530],{"class":51},[20,158522,158523],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[130,158525,158527],{"id":158526},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158529,158530,158531,33848],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[110,158532,835],{},[307,158534,158536],{"id":158535},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[28,158538,158540],{"className":30,"code":158539,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158541,158542,158566,158570,158588,158592,158602],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158543,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158545,207],{"class":43},[37,158547,48],{"class":47},[37,158549,52],{"class":51},[37,158551,214],{"class":122},[37,158553,65],{"class":51},[37,158555,219],{"class":122},[37,158557,65],{"class":51},[37,158559,224],{"class":122},[37,158561,65],{"class":51},[37,158563,229],{"class":122},[37,158565,85],{"class":51},[37,158567,158568],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158569,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158571,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158573,2362],{"class":43},[37,158575,48],{"class":47},[37,158577,4383],{"class":43},[37,158579,1067],{"class":51},[37,158581,501],{"class":122},[37,158583,3013],{"class":51},[37,158585,1129],{"class":122},[37,158587,3760],{"class":51},[37,158589,158590],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,158591,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158593,158594,158596,158598,158600],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,158595,92],{"class":91},[37,158597,95],{"class":51},[37,158599,2397],{"class":102},[37,158601,85],{"class":51},[37,158603,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,158605,92],{"class":91},[37,158607,95],{"class":51},[37,158609,757],{"class":756},[37,158611,95],{"class":51},[37,158613,2397],{"class":102},[37,158615,106],{"class":51},[20,158617,112],{},[28,158619,158621],{"className":30,"code":158620,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158622,158623,158635],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158624,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158626,95],{"class":51},[37,158628,15863],{"class":122},[37,158630,65],{"class":51},[37,158632,224],{"class":122},[37,158634,85],{"class":51},[37,158636,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158638,808],{"class":47},[37,158640,812],{"class":811},[37,158642,815],{"class":55},[37,158644,835],{"class":59},[37,158646,821],{"class":55},[37,158648,824],{"class":47},[307,158650,158652],{"id":158651},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[28,158654,158656],{"className":30,"code":158655,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158657,158658,158678,158682,158700,158704,158714],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158659,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158661,207],{"class":43},[37,158663,48],{"class":47},[37,158665,52],{"class":51},[37,158667,214],{"class":122},[37,158669,65],{"class":51},[37,158671,219],{"class":122},[37,158673,65],{"class":51},[37,158675,224],{"class":122},[37,158677,85],{"class":51},[37,158679,158680],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158681,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158683,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158685,2362],{"class":43},[37,158687,48],{"class":47},[37,158689,4383],{"class":43},[37,158691,1067],{"class":51},[37,158693,501],{"class":122},[37,158695,3013],{"class":51},[37,158697,508],{"class":122},[37,158699,3760],{"class":51},[37,158701,158702],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,158703,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158705,158706,158708,158710,158712],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,158707,92],{"class":91},[37,158709,95],{"class":51},[37,158711,2397],{"class":102},[37,158713,85],{"class":51},[37,158715,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,158717,92],{"class":91},[37,158719,95],{"class":51},[37,158721,757],{"class":756},[37,158723,95],{"class":51},[37,158725,2397],{"class":102},[37,158727,106],{"class":51},[20,158729,112],{},[28,158731,158733],{"className":30,"code":158732,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158734,158735,158743],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158736,158737,158739,158741],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158738,95],{"class":51},[37,158740,15863],{"class":122},[37,158742,449],{"class":51},[37,158744,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158746,808],{"class":47},[37,158748,812],{"class":811},[37,158750,815],{"class":55},[37,158752,835],{"class":59},[37,158754,821],{"class":55},[37,158756,824],{"class":47},[307,158758,158760],{"id":158759},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[28,158762,158764],{"className":30,"code":158763,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158765,158766,158786,158790],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158767,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158769,207],{"class":43},[37,158771,48],{"class":47},[37,158773,52],{"class":51},[37,158775,214],{"class":122},[37,158777,65],{"class":51},[37,158779,219],{"class":122},[37,158781,65],{"class":51},[37,158783,224],{"class":122},[37,158785,85],{"class":51},[37,158787,158788],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158789,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158791,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158793,92],{"class":91},[37,158795,95],{"class":51},[37,158797,246],{"class":102},[37,158799,1067],{"class":51},[37,158801,446],{"class":122},[37,158803,3013],{"class":51},[37,158805,2478],{"class":122},[37,158807,530],{"class":51},[20,158809,112],{},[28,158811,158812],{"className":30,"code":8761,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,158813,158814],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158815,158816],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158817,8761],{"class":51},[20,158819,158820,158821,292],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[285,158822,850],{"href":151040},[130,158824,158826],{"id":158825},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158828,158829],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[135,158831,158832,158834,158837,158842],{},[138,158833,76962],{},[138,158835,158836],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[138,158838,158839,158840],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158841,70818],{},[138,158843,158844],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158846,197],{},[28,158848,158850],{"className":30,"code":158849,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158851,158852,158872,158876,158893,158914],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158853,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158855,207],{"class":43},[37,158857,48],{"class":47},[37,158859,52],{"class":51},[37,158861,214],{"class":122},[37,158863,65],{"class":51},[37,158865,219],{"class":122},[37,158867,65],{"class":51},[37,158869,224],{"class":122},[37,158871,85],{"class":51},[37,158873,158874],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158875,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158877,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158879,92],{"class":91},[37,158881,95],{"class":51},[37,158883,246],{"class":102},[37,158885,1067],{"class":51},[37,158887,501],{"class":122},[37,158889,20553],{"class":51},[37,158891,158892],{"class":3788},"    # one item\n",[37,158894,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,158896,92],{"class":91},[37,158898,95],{"class":51},[37,158900,246],{"class":102},[37,158902,1067],{"class":51},[37,158904,501],{"class":122},[37,158906,3013],{"class":51},[37,158908,446],{"class":122},[37,158910,20553],{"class":51},[37,158912,158913],{"class":3788},"  # slice\n",[37,158915,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,158917,92],{"class":91},[37,158919,95],{"class":51},[37,158921,246],{"class":102},[37,158923,1067],{"class":51},[37,158925,446],{"class":122},[37,158927,3013],{"class":51},[37,158929,2478],{"class":122},[37,158931,20553],{"class":51},[37,158933,158934],{"class":3788},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158936,112],{},[28,158938,158940],{"className":30,"code":158939,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158941,158942,158946,158958],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158943,158944],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158945,71311],{"class":122},[37,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158949,95],{"class":51},[37,158951,15863],{"class":122},[37,158953,65],{"class":51},[37,158955,224],{"class":122},[37,158957,85],{"class":51},[37,158959,158960],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158961,8761],{"class":51},[20,158963,158964],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[28,158966,158968],{"className":30,"code":158967,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158969,158970,158990,158994],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,158971,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,158973,207],{"class":43},[37,158975,48],{"class":47},[37,158977,52],{"class":51},[37,158979,214],{"class":122},[37,158981,65],{"class":51},[37,158983,219],{"class":122},[37,158985,65],{"class":51},[37,158987,224],{"class":122},[37,158989,85],{"class":51},[37,158991,158992],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,158993,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,158995,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,158997,92],{"class":91},[37,158999,95],{"class":51},[37,159001,246],{"class":102},[37,159003,1067],{"class":51},[37,159005,446],{"class":122},[37,159007,530],{"class":51},[20,159009,159010,159011,159013,159014,292],{},"This raises an ",[15,159012,70818],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[285,159015,154906],{"href":159016},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[130,159018,15285],{"id":77229},[20,159020,159021],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[135,159023,159024,159027,159029,159032],{},[138,159025,159026],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[138,159028,60783],{},[138,159030,159031],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[138,159033,159034,159035],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159036,1070],{},[20,159038,159039],{},"Here are a few examples.",[307,159041,159043],{"id":159042},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[28,159045,159046],{"className":30,"code":157846,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,159047,159048,159076,159080],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159049,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159051,207],{"class":43},[37,159053,48],{"class":47},[37,159055,52],{"class":51},[37,159057,214],{"class":122},[37,159059,65],{"class":51},[37,159061,219],{"class":122},[37,159063,65],{"class":51},[37,159065,224],{"class":122},[37,159067,65],{"class":51},[37,159069,229],{"class":122},[37,159071,65],{"class":51},[37,159073,5200],{"class":122},[37,159075,85],{"class":51},[37,159077,159078],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159079,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,159081,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159083,92],{"class":91},[37,159085,95],{"class":51},[37,159087,246],{"class":102},[37,159089,1067],{"class":51},[37,159091,501],{"class":122},[37,159093,3013],{"class":51},[37,159095,522],{"class":122},[37,159097,530],{"class":51},[20,159099,112],{},[28,159101,159102],{"className":30,"code":157903,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,159103,159104],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159105,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159107,95],{"class":51},[37,159109,15863],{"class":122},[37,159111,65],{"class":51},[37,159113,224],{"class":122},[37,159115,65],{"class":51},[37,159117,229],{"class":122},[37,159119,85],{"class":51},[20,159121,132499,159122,159124],{},[15,159123,522],{}," is not included.",[307,159126,159128],{"id":159127},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159130,4645],{},[28,159132,159134],{"className":30,"code":159133,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159135,159136,159160,159164],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159137,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159139,207],{"class":43},[37,159141,48],{"class":47},[37,159143,52],{"class":51},[37,159145,214],{"class":122},[37,159147,65],{"class":51},[37,159149,219],{"class":122},[37,159151,65],{"class":51},[37,159153,224],{"class":122},[37,159155,65],{"class":51},[37,159157,229],{"class":122},[37,159159,85],{"class":51},[37,159161,159162],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159163,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,159165,159166],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159167,159168],{"class":3788},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159170,159171],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[28,159173,159174],{"className":30,"code":154986,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,159175,159176,159200,159204],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159177,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159179,207],{"class":43},[37,159181,48],{"class":47},[37,159183,52],{"class":51},[37,159185,214],{"class":122},[37,159187,65],{"class":51},[37,159189,219],{"class":122},[37,159191,65],{"class":51},[37,159193,224],{"class":122},[37,159195,65],{"class":51},[37,159197,229],{"class":122},[37,159199,85],{"class":51},[37,159201,159202],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159203,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159207,92],{"class":91},[37,159209,95],{"class":51},[37,159211,246],{"class":102},[37,159213,1067],{"class":51},[37,159215,501],{"class":122},[37,159217,3013],{"class":51},[37,159219,1129],{"class":122},[37,159221,530],{"class":51},[307,159223,159225],{"id":159224},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[28,159227,159229],{"className":30,"code":159228,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159230,159231,159255,159259,159274,159278,159289],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159232,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159234,207],{"class":43},[37,159236,48],{"class":47},[37,159238,52],{"class":51},[37,159240,214],{"class":122},[37,159242,65],{"class":51},[37,159244,219],{"class":122},[37,159246,65],{"class":51},[37,159248,224],{"class":122},[37,159250,65],{"class":51},[37,159252,229],{"class":122},[37,159254,85],{"class":51},[37,159256,159257],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159258,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,159260,159261,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159262,159263],{"class":43},"slice_result ",[37,159265,48],{"class":47},[37,159267,4383],{"class":43},[37,159269,75622],{"class":51},[37,159271,508],{"class":122},[37,159273,3760],{"class":51},[37,159275,159276],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,159277,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,159279,159280,159282,159284,159287],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,159281,92],{"class":91},[37,159283,95],{"class":51},[37,159285,159286],{"class":102},"slice_result",[37,159288,85],{"class":51},[37,159290,159291,159293,159295,159297],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,159292,92],{"class":91},[37,159294,95],{"class":51},[37,159296,246],{"class":102},[37,159298,85],{"class":51},[20,159300,112],{},[28,159302,159304],{"className":30,"code":159303,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159305,159306,159318],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159307,159308,159310,159312,159314,159316],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159309,95],{"class":51},[37,159311,214],{"class":122},[37,159313,65],{"class":51},[37,159315,219],{"class":122},[37,159317,85],{"class":51},[37,159319,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159321,95],{"class":51},[37,159323,214],{"class":122},[37,159325,65],{"class":51},[37,159327,219],{"class":122},[37,159329,65],{"class":51},[37,159331,224],{"class":122},[37,159333,65],{"class":51},[37,159335,229],{"class":122},[37,159337,85],{"class":51},[20,159339,159340],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[130,159342,113814],{"id":113813},[20,159344,159345],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[135,159347,159348,159351,159354,159360,159363],{},[138,159349,159350],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[138,159352,159353],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[138,159355,159356,159357],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159358,159359],{},"tuple[::0]",[138,159361,159362],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[138,159364,159365],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159367,159368],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[28,159370,159372],{"className":30,"code":159371,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159373,159374,159384,159402,159424],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159375,159376,159378,159380,159382],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159377,92],{"class":91},[37,159379,95],{"class":51},[37,159381,176],{"class":102},[37,159383,85],{"class":51},[37,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159387,92],{"class":91},[37,159389,95],{"class":51},[37,159391,176],{"class":102},[37,159393,1067],{"class":51},[37,159395,501],{"class":122},[37,159397,3013],{"class":51},[37,159399,522],{"class":122},[37,159401,530],{"class":51},[37,159403,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159405,92],{"class":91},[37,159407,95],{"class":51},[37,159409,757],{"class":756},[37,159411,95],{"class":51},[37,159413,176],{"class":102},[37,159415,1067],{"class":51},[37,159417,501],{"class":122},[37,159419,3013],{"class":51},[37,159421,522],{"class":122},[37,159423,1073],{"class":51},[37,159425,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,159427,92],{"class":91},[37,159429,95],{"class":51},[37,159431,17],{"class":91},[37,159433,95],{"class":51},[37,159435,176],{"class":102},[37,159437,106],{"class":51},[20,159439,11285],{},[135,159441,159442,159444,159447,159450],{},[138,159443,155292],{},[138,159445,159446],{},"what the slice actually returns",[138,159448,159449],{},"that the result is a tuple",[138,159451,159452],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[130,159454,1969],{"id":1968},[307,159456,159458],{"id":159457},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159460,159461],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[307,159463,159465],{"id":159464},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159467,159468],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[307,159470,5262,159472,40061],{"id":159471},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159473,158291],{},[20,159475,159476],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[307,159478,159480,159481,2623],{"id":159479},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159482,70818],{},[20,159484,159485,159486,292],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159487,70818],{},[130,159489,2025],{"id":2024},[135,159491,159492,159496,159500,159504,159508],{},[138,159493,159494],{},[285,159495,850],{"href":151040},[138,159497,159498],{},[285,159499,1845],{"href":153160},[138,159501,159502],{},[285,159503,150983],{"href":2101},[138,159505,159506],{},[285,159507,148075],{"href":157524},[138,159509,159510],{},[285,159511,154906],{"href":159016},[2052,159513,159514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":159516},[159517,159518,159519,159520,159528,159532,159533,159538,159539,159544,159545,159553],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":157324,"depth":88,"text":157325},{"id":157527,"depth":88,"text":157528},{"id":76102,"depth":88,"text":76103,"children":159521},[159522,159524,159525,159526,159527],{"id":157685,"depth":251,"text":159523},"Get the first n items",{"id":157764,"depth":251,"text":157765},{"id":157842,"depth":251,"text":157843},{"id":157924,"depth":251,"text":157925},{"id":158006,"depth":251,"text":158007},{"id":76396,"depth":88,"text":76397,"children":159529},[159530,159531],{"id":158101,"depth":251,"text":158102},{"id":158185,"depth":251,"text":158186},{"id":158274,"depth":88,"text":158275},{"id":158526,"depth":88,"text":158527,"children":159534},[159535,159536,159537],{"id":158535,"depth":251,"text":158536},{"id":158651,"depth":251,"text":158652},{"id":158759,"depth":251,"text":158760},{"id":158825,"depth":88,"text":158826},{"id":77229,"depth":88,"text":15285,"children":159540},[159541,159542,159543],{"id":159042,"depth":251,"text":159043},{"id":159127,"depth":251,"text":159128},{"id":159224,"depth":251,"text":159225},{"id":113813,"depth":88,"text":113814},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":159546},[159547,159548,159549,159551],{"id":159457,"depth":251,"text":159458},{"id":159464,"depth":251,"text":159465},{"id":159471,"depth":251,"text":159550},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159479,"depth":251,"text":159552},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157168,"description":159554},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159561,"title":159562,"body":159563,"description":161386,"extension":2099,"meta":161387,"navigation":254,"path":34916,"seo":161388,"stem":161389,"__hash__":161390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159564,"toc":161352},[159565,159570,159575,159579,159597,159600,159615,159621,159623,159680,159682,159714,159726,159732,159737,159740,159775,159781,159783,159786,159800,159803,159805,159828,159830,159848,159851,159867,159869,159872,159985,159987,160076,160079,160084,160090,160093,160096,160195,160197,160256,160261,160264,160333,160337,160369,160385,160390,160397,160404,160416,160418,160467,160469,160492,160498,160546,160551,160558,160566,160572,160575,160599,160602,160604,160680,160682,160707,160713,160716,160721,160725,160739,160741,160804,160806,160838,160841,160857,160859,160865,160872,160874,160893,160895,160913,160920,160925,160932,160934,160971,160974,160981,160985,160988,161046,161049,161052,161107,161109,161121,161127,161129,161133,161166,161173,161175,161238,161241,161243,161248,161262,161269,161277,161286,161295,161301,161307,161309,161349],[10,159566,288,159568,3704],{"id":159567},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159569,2435],{},[20,159571,32424,159572,159574],{},[15,159573,2435],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159576,62858,159577,104658],{},[15,159578,2435],{},[135,159580,159581,159584,159587,159590],{},[138,159582,159583],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[138,159585,159586],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[138,159588,159589],{},"debug confusing code",[138,159591,159592,159593],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[285,159594,159595],{"href":8337},[15,159596,3087],{},[20,159598,159599],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[28,159601,159603],{"className":30,"code":159602,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"type(object)\n",[15,159604,159605],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159606,159607,159609,159611,159613],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159608,757],{"class":756},[37,159610,95],{"class":51},[37,159612,42497],{"class":756},[37,159614,85],{"class":51},[20,159616,159617,159618,159620],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159619,2435],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[130,159622,3734],{"id":3733},[28,159624,159626],{"className":30,"code":159625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159627,159628,159640,159654,159658,159666],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159629,159630,159632,159634,159636,159638],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159631,7996],{"class":43},[37,159633,48],{"class":47},[37,159635,68],{"class":55},[37,159637,5123],{"class":59},[37,159639,3484],{"class":55},[37,159641,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159643,92],{"class":91},[37,159645,95],{"class":51},[37,159647,757],{"class":756},[37,159649,95],{"class":51},[37,159651,7790],{"class":102},[37,159653,106],{"class":51},[37,159655,159656],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159657,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,159659,159660,159662,159664],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,159661,2349],{"class":43},[37,159663,48],{"class":47},[37,159665,1345],{"class":122},[37,159667,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,159669,92],{"class":91},[37,159671,95],{"class":51},[37,159673,757],{"class":756},[37,159675,95],{"class":51},[37,159677,2372],{"class":102},[37,159679,106],{"class":51},[20,159681,112],{},[28,159683,159684],{"className":30,"code":125160,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,159685,159686,159700],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159687,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159689,808],{"class":47},[37,159691,812],{"class":811},[37,159693,815],{"class":55},[37,159695,3569],{"class":59},[37,159697,821],{"class":55},[37,159699,824],{"class":47},[37,159701,159702,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159703,808],{"class":47},[37,159705,812],{"class":811},[37,159707,815],{"class":55},[37,159709,818],{"class":59},[37,159711,821],{"class":55},[37,159713,824],{"class":47},[20,159715,22,159716,159719,159720,851,159723,292],{},[15,159717,159718],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159721,159722],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159724,159725],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[130,159727,13108,159729,159731],{"id":159728},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159730,2435],{}," function does",[20,159733,159734,159736],{},[15,159735,2435],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159738,159739],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[135,159741,159742,159747,159752,159757,159762,159767],{},[138,159743,159744,159746],{},[15,159745,3569],{}," for text",[138,159748,159749,159751],{},[15,159750,818],{}," for whole numbers",[138,159753,159754,159756],{},[15,159755,2324],{}," for decimal numbers",[138,159758,159759,159761],{},[15,159760,8213],{}," for lists",[138,159763,159764,159766],{},[15,159765,8940],{}," for dictionaries",[138,159768,159769,69185,159771,851,159773],{},[15,159770,3993],{},[15,159772,3729],{},[15,159774,3799],{},[20,159776,159777,159778,159780],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159779,2435],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[130,159782,159],{"id":158},[20,159784,159785],{},"The main beginner form is:",[28,159787,159788],{"className":30,"code":159602,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,159789,159790],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159791,159792,159794,159796,159798],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159793,757],{"class":756},[37,159795,95],{"class":51},[37,159797,42497],{"class":756},[37,159799,85],{"class":51},[20,159801,159802],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159804,197],{},[28,159806,159808],{"className":30,"code":159807,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159809,159810],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159811,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159813,92],{"class":91},[37,159815,95],{"class":51},[37,159817,757],{"class":756},[37,159819,95],{"class":51},[37,159821,56],{"class":55},[37,159823,3970],{"class":59},[37,159825,56],{"class":55},[37,159827,106],{"class":51},[20,159829,112],{},[28,159831,159832],{"className":30,"code":45868,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,159833,159834],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159835,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159837,808],{"class":47},[37,159839,812],{"class":811},[37,159841,815],{"class":55},[37,159843,3569],{"class":59},[37,159845,821],{"class":55},[37,159847,824],{"class":47},[20,159849,159850],{},"You can pass either:",[135,159852,159853,159860],{},[138,159854,159855,159856,3006,159858],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159857,64625],{},[15,159859,46623],{},[138,159861,159862,159863,3006,159865],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159864,7790],{},[15,159866,9415],{},[130,159868,121973],{"id":121972},[20,159870,159871],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[28,159873,159875],{"className":30,"code":159874,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159876,159877,159895,159909,159923,159945,159971],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159878,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159880,92],{"class":91},[37,159882,95],{"class":51},[37,159884,757],{"class":756},[37,159886,95],{"class":51},[37,159888,56],{"class":55},[37,159890,3970],{"class":59},[37,159892,56],{"class":55},[37,159894,106],{"class":51},[37,159896,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,159898,92],{"class":91},[37,159900,95],{"class":51},[37,159902,757],{"class":756},[37,159904,95],{"class":51},[37,159906,214],{"class":122},[37,159908,106],{"class":51},[37,159910,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,159912,92],{"class":91},[37,159914,95],{"class":51},[37,159916,757],{"class":756},[37,159918,95],{"class":51},[37,159920,40244],{"class":122},[37,159922,106],{"class":51},[37,159924,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,159926,92],{"class":91},[37,159928,95],{"class":51},[37,159930,757],{"class":756},[37,159932,3115],{"class":51},[37,159934,501],{"class":122},[37,159936,65],{"class":51},[37,159938,890],{"class":122},[37,159940,65],{"class":51},[37,159942,513],{"class":122},[37,159944,1073],{"class":51},[37,159946,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,159948,92],{"class":91},[37,159950,95],{"class":51},[37,159952,757],{"class":756},[37,159954,5651],{"class":51},[37,159956,56],{"class":55},[37,159958,7790],{"class":59},[37,159960,56],{"class":55},[37,159962,3013],{"class":51},[37,159964,68],{"class":55},[37,159966,5123],{"class":59},[37,159968,56],{"class":55},[37,159970,5660],{"class":51},[37,159972,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,159974,92],{"class":91},[37,159976,95],{"class":51},[37,159978,757],{"class":756},[37,159980,95],{"class":51},[37,159982,3729],{"class":3977},[37,159984,106],{"class":51},[20,159986,112],{},[28,159988,159990],{"className":30,"code":159989,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159991,159992,160006,160020,160034,160048,160062],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,159993,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,159995,808],{"class":47},[37,159997,812],{"class":811},[37,159999,815],{"class":55},[37,160001,3569],{"class":59},[37,160003,821],{"class":55},[37,160005,824],{"class":47},[37,160007,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160009,808],{"class":47},[37,160011,812],{"class":811},[37,160013,815],{"class":55},[37,160015,818],{"class":59},[37,160017,821],{"class":55},[37,160019,824],{"class":47},[37,160021,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160023,808],{"class":47},[37,160025,812],{"class":811},[37,160027,815],{"class":55},[37,160029,2324],{"class":59},[37,160031,821],{"class":55},[37,160033,824],{"class":47},[37,160035,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160037,808],{"class":47},[37,160039,812],{"class":811},[37,160041,815],{"class":55},[37,160043,8213],{"class":59},[37,160045,821],{"class":55},[37,160047,824],{"class":47},[37,160049,160050,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,160051,808],{"class":47},[37,160053,812],{"class":811},[37,160055,815],{"class":55},[37,160057,8940],{"class":59},[37,160059,821],{"class":55},[37,160061,824],{"class":47},[37,160063,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,160065,808],{"class":47},[37,160067,812],{"class":811},[37,160069,815],{"class":55},[37,160071,3993],{"class":59},[37,160073,821],{"class":55},[37,160075,824],{"class":47},[20,160077,160078],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160080,160081,160082,292],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[285,160083,44895],{"href":49071},[130,160085,1872,160087,160089],{"id":160086},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160088,2435],{}," with variables",[20,160091,160092],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160094,160095],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[28,160097,160099],{"className":30,"code":160098,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160100,160101,160109,160127,160131,160143,160161,160165,160177],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160102,160103,160105,160107],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160104,1194],{"class":43},[37,160106,48],{"class":47},[37,160108,1345],{"class":122},[37,160110,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160112,92],{"class":91},[37,160114,95],{"class":51},[37,160116,1215],{"class":102},[37,160118,65],{"class":51},[37,160120,49483],{"class":756},[37,160122,95],{"class":51},[37,160124,1215],{"class":102},[37,160126,106],{"class":51},[37,160128,160129],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160130,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160132,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160134,1194],{"class":43},[37,160136,48],{"class":47},[37,160138,68],{"class":55},[37,160140,46005],{"class":59},[37,160142,3484],{"class":55},[37,160144,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,160146,92],{"class":91},[37,160148,95],{"class":51},[37,160150,1215],{"class":102},[37,160152,65],{"class":51},[37,160154,49483],{"class":756},[37,160156,95],{"class":51},[37,160158,1215],{"class":102},[37,160160,106],{"class":51},[37,160162,160163],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,160164,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160166,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,160168,1194],{"class":43},[37,160170,48],{"class":47},[37,160172,519],{"class":51},[37,160174,214],{"class":122},[37,160176,3760],{"class":51},[37,160178,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189,160191,160193],{"class":39,"line":6546},[37,160180,92],{"class":91},[37,160182,95],{"class":51},[37,160184,1215],{"class":102},[37,160186,65],{"class":51},[37,160188,49483],{"class":756},[37,160190,95],{"class":51},[37,160192,1215],{"class":102},[37,160194,106],{"class":51},[20,160196,112],{},[28,160198,160200],{"className":30,"code":160199,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160201,160202,160219,160236],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160203,160204,160206,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160205,214],{"class":122},[37,160207,160208],{"class":47}," \u003C",[37,160210,812],{"class":811},[37,160212,815],{"class":55},[37,160214,818],{"class":59},[37,160216,821],{"class":55},[37,160218,824],{"class":47},[37,160220,160221,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160222,160223],{"class":43},"ten ",[37,160225,808],{"class":47},[37,160227,812],{"class":811},[37,160229,815],{"class":55},[37,160231,3569],{"class":59},[37,160233,821],{"class":55},[37,160235,824],{"class":47},[37,160237,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160239,1067],{"class":51},[37,160241,214],{"class":122},[37,160243,13383],{"class":51},[37,160245,160208],{"class":47},[37,160247,812],{"class":811},[37,160249,815],{"class":55},[37,160251,8213],{"class":59},[37,160253,821],{"class":55},[37,160255,824],{"class":47},[20,160257,160258,160260],{},[15,160259,2435],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160262,160263],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[28,160265,160267],{"className":30,"code":160266,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160268,160269,160287,160301,160305,160319],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160270,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160272,3517],{"class":43},[37,160274,48],{"class":47},[37,160276,8360],{"class":91},[37,160278,95],{"class":51},[37,160280,56],{"class":55},[37,160282,41971],{"class":59},[37,160284,56],{"class":55},[37,160286,85],{"class":51},[37,160288,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160290,92],{"class":91},[37,160292,95],{"class":51},[37,160294,757],{"class":756},[37,160296,95],{"class":51},[37,160298,3543],{"class":102},[37,160300,106],{"class":51},[37,160302,160303],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160304,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160306,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160308,123085],{"class":43},[37,160310,48],{"class":47},[37,160312,45374],{"class":756},[37,160314,95],{"class":51},[37,160316,3543],{"class":102},[37,160318,85],{"class":51},[37,160320,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,160322,92],{"class":91},[37,160324,95],{"class":51},[37,160326,757],{"class":756},[37,160328,95],{"class":51},[37,160330,123108],{"class":102},[37,160332,106],{"class":51},[20,160334,41222,160335,41226],{},[15,160336,9312],{},[28,160338,160339],{"className":30,"code":125160,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,160340,160341,160355],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160342,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160344,808],{"class":47},[37,160346,812],{"class":811},[37,160348,815],{"class":55},[37,160350,3569],{"class":59},[37,160352,821],{"class":55},[37,160354,824],{"class":47},[37,160356,160357,160359,160361,160363,160365,160367],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160358,808],{"class":47},[37,160360,812],{"class":811},[37,160362,815],{"class":55},[37,160364,818],{"class":59},[37,160366,821],{"class":55},[37,160368,824],{"class":47},[20,160370,45801,160371,160375,160376,3006,160380,160384],{},[285,160372,160373],{"href":8337},[15,160374,3087],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[285,160377,160378],{"href":3002},[15,160379,3005],{},[285,160381,160382],{"href":3009},[15,160383,3012],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160386,160387,160388,292],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[285,160389,9100],{"href":9099},[130,160391,160393,10700,160395],{"id":160392},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160394,2435],{},[15,160396,44903],{},[20,160398,160399,851,160401,160403],{},[15,160400,2435],{},[15,160402,44903],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[135,160405,160406,160411],{},[138,160407,160408,160410],{},[15,160409,2435],{}," tells you the exact type",[138,160412,160413,160415],{},[15,160414,44903],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160417,197],{},[28,160419,160421],{"className":30,"code":160420,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160422,160423,160431,160435,160449],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160424,160425,160427,160429],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160426,1194],{"class":43},[37,160428,48],{"class":47},[37,160430,34950],{"class":122},[37,160432,160433],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160434,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160436,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160438,92],{"class":91},[37,160440,95],{"class":51},[37,160442,757],{"class":756},[37,160444,95],{"class":51},[37,160446,1215],{"class":102},[37,160448,106],{"class":51},[37,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160452,92],{"class":91},[37,160454,95],{"class":51},[37,160456,48969],{"class":91},[37,160458,95],{"class":51},[37,160460,1215],{"class":102},[37,160462,65],{"class":51},[37,160464,45374],{"class":756},[37,160466,106],{"class":51},[20,160468,112],{},[28,160470,160472],{"className":30,"code":160471,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160473,160474,160488],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160475,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160477,808],{"class":47},[37,160479,812],{"class":811},[37,160481,815],{"class":55},[37,160483,818],{"class":59},[37,160485,821],{"class":55},[37,160487,824],{"class":47},[37,160489,160490],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160491,4103],{"class":3977},[20,160493,160494,160495,160497],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160496,44903],{}," is more practical.",[28,160499,160501],{"className":30,"code":160500,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160502,160503,160511,160515,160531],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160504,160505,160507,160509],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160506,1194],{"class":43},[37,160508,48],{"class":47},[37,160510,34950],{"class":122},[37,160512,160513],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160514,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160516,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527,160529],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160518,1484],{"class":1483},[37,160520,49706],{"class":91},[37,160522,95],{"class":51},[37,160524,1215],{"class":102},[37,160526,65],{"class":51},[37,160528,45374],{"class":756},[37,160530,8460],{"class":51},[37,160532,160533,160535,160537,160539,160542,160544],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160534,1506],{"class":91},[37,160536,95],{"class":51},[37,160538,56],{"class":55},[37,160540,160541],{"class":59},"This is an integer",[37,160543,56],{"class":55},[37,160545,85],{"class":51},[20,160547,22,160548,160550],{},[15,160549,2435],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160552,22,160553,160555,160556,7293],{},[15,160554,44903],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160557,1484],{},[20,160559,160560,160561,292],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[285,160562,288,160564,291],{"href":160563},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160565,44903],{},[130,160567,160569,160570],{"id":160568},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160571,2435],{},[20,160573,160574],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[28,160576,160578],{"className":30,"code":160577,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160579,160580],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160581,160582,160584,160586,160588,160590,160593,160595,160597],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160583,757],{"class":756},[37,160585,95],{"class":51},[37,160587,7790],{"class":102},[37,160589,65],{"class":51},[37,160591,160592],{"class":102}," bases",[37,160594,65],{"class":51},[37,160596,9289],{"class":756},[37,160598,85],{"class":51},[20,160600,160601],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160603,197],{},[28,160605,160607],{"className":30,"code":160606,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160608,160609,160652,160656,160666],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160610,160611,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160625,160627,160629,160632,160634,160636,160639,160641,160643,160645,160648,160650],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160612,160613],{"class":43},"Person ",[37,160615,48],{"class":47},[37,160617,49483],{"class":756},[37,160619,95],{"class":51},[37,160621,56],{"class":55},[37,160623,160624],{"class":59},"Person",[37,160626,56],{"class":55},[37,160628,65],{"class":51},[37,160630,160631],{"class":51}," (),",[37,160633,10605],{"class":51},[37,160635,56],{"class":55},[37,160637,160638],{"class":59},"species",[37,160640,56],{"class":55},[37,160642,3013],{"class":51},[37,160644,68],{"class":55},[37,160646,160647],{"class":59},"human",[37,160649,56],{"class":55},[37,160651,30604],{"class":51},[37,160653,160654],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160655,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160657,160658,160660,160662,160664],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160659,92],{"class":91},[37,160661,95],{"class":51},[37,160663,160624],{"class":102},[37,160665,85],{"class":51},[37,160667,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160669,92],{"class":91},[37,160671,95],{"class":51},[37,160673,160624],{"class":102},[37,160675,292],{"class":51},[37,160677,160638],{"class":24857},[37,160679,85],{"class":51},[20,160681,112],{},[28,160683,160685],{"className":30,"code":160684,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160686,160687,160702],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160688,160689,160691,160693,160695,160698,160700],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160690,808],{"class":47},[37,160692,812],{"class":811},[37,160694,815],{"class":55},[37,160696,160697],{"class":59},"__main__.Person",[37,160699,821],{"class":55},[37,160701,824],{"class":47},[37,160703,160704],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160705,160706],{"class":43},"human\n",[20,160708,160709,160710,160712],{},"Most beginners do ",[110,160711,711],{}," need this form.",[20,160714,160715],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[130,160717,5080,160719],{"id":160718},"when-to-use-type",[15,160720,2435],{},[20,160722,160723,12557],{},[15,160724,2435],{},[135,160726,160727,160730,160733,160736],{},[138,160728,160729],{},"debug unexpected values",[138,160731,160732],{},"check what a conversion produced",[138,160734,160735],{},"learn Python data types",[138,160737,160738],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160740,5593],{},[28,160742,160744],{"className":30,"code":160743,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160745,160746,160758,160772,160776,160790],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160747,160748,160750,160752,160754,160756],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160749,34795],{"class":43},[37,160751,48],{"class":47},[37,160753,68],{"class":55},[37,160755,50339],{"class":59},[37,160757,3484],{"class":55},[37,160759,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160761,2349],{"class":43},[37,160763,48],{"class":47},[37,160765,45374],{"class":756},[37,160767,95],{"class":51},[37,160769,34816],{"class":102},[37,160771,85],{"class":51},[37,160773,160774],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,160775,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,160777,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,160779,92],{"class":91},[37,160781,95],{"class":51},[37,160783,757],{"class":756},[37,160785,95],{"class":51},[37,160787,34816],{"class":102},[37,160789,106],{"class":51},[37,160791,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,160793,92],{"class":91},[37,160795,95],{"class":51},[37,160797,757],{"class":756},[37,160799,95],{"class":51},[37,160801,2372],{"class":102},[37,160803,106],{"class":51},[20,160805,112],{},[28,160807,160808],{"className":30,"code":125160,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,160809,160810,160824],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160811,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160813,808],{"class":47},[37,160815,812],{"class":811},[37,160817,815],{"class":55},[37,160819,3569],{"class":59},[37,160821,821],{"class":55},[37,160823,824],{"class":47},[37,160825,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834,160836],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160827,808],{"class":47},[37,160829,812],{"class":811},[37,160831,815],{"class":55},[37,160833,818],{"class":59},[37,160835,821],{"class":55},[37,160837,824],{"class":47},[20,160839,160840],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160842,160843,160844,2321,160848,17181,160852,160856],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[285,160845,160846],{"href":42275},[15,160847,47778],{},[285,160849,160850],{"href":3002},[15,160851,3005],{},[285,160853,160854],{"href":3009},[15,160855,3012],{}," are often the next step.",[130,160858,25465],{"id":25464},[20,160860,160861,160862,160864],{},"A few things about ",[15,160863,2435],{}," often confuse beginners.",[307,160866,160868,160871],{"id":160867},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160869,160870],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160873,64734],{},[28,160875,160877],{"className":30,"code":160876,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160878,160879],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160880,160881,160883,160885,160887,160889,160891],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160882,92],{"class":91},[37,160884,95],{"class":51},[37,160886,757],{"class":756},[37,160888,95],{"class":51},[37,160890,446],{"class":122},[37,160892,106],{"class":51},[20,160894,123004],{},[28,160896,160897],{"className":30,"code":1224,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,160898,160899],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160900,160901,160903,160905,160907,160909,160911],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160902,808],{"class":47},[37,160904,812],{"class":811},[37,160906,815],{"class":55},[37,160908,818],{"class":59},[37,160910,821],{"class":55},[37,160912,824],{"class":47},[20,160914,41007,160915,160917,160918,292],{},[110,160916,711],{}," print just ",[15,160919,818],{},[20,160921,6798,160922,160924],{},[15,160923,2435],{}," returns a class object.",[307,160926,160928,2530,160930],{"id":160927},"input-returns-str",[15,160929,3087],{},[15,160931,3569],{},[20,160933,79629],{},[28,160935,160937],{"className":30,"code":160936,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160938,160939,160957],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160940,160941,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160942,1194],{"class":43},[37,160944,48],{"class":47},[37,160946,8360],{"class":91},[37,160948,95],{"class":51},[37,160950,56],{"class":55},[37,160952,46408],{"class":59},[37,160954,56],{"class":55},[37,160956,85],{"class":51},[37,160958,160959,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,160960,92],{"class":91},[37,160962,95],{"class":51},[37,160964,757],{"class":756},[37,160966,95],{"class":51},[37,160968,1215],{"class":102},[37,160970,106],{"class":51},[20,160972,160973],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160975,160976,160977,3006,160979,292],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160978,3005],{},[15,160980,3012],{},[307,160982,160984],{"id":160983},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160986,160987],{},"Avoid code like this:",[28,160989,160991],{"className":30,"code":160990,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160992,160993,161001,161005,161031],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,160994,160995,160997,160999],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,160996,1194],{"class":43},[37,160998,48],{"class":47},[37,161000,34950],{"class":122},[37,161002,161003],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161004,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,161006,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161008,1484],{"class":1483},[37,161010,48998],{"class":756},[37,161012,95],{"class":51},[37,161014,757],{"class":756},[37,161016,95],{"class":51},[37,161018,1215],{"class":102},[37,161020,5482],{"class":51},[37,161022,1495],{"class":47},[37,161024,68],{"class":55},[37,161026,159725],{"class":59},[37,161028,56],{"class":55},[37,161030,1501],{"class":51},[37,161032,161033,161035,161037,161039,161042,161044],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,161034,1506],{"class":91},[37,161036,95],{"class":51},[37,161038,56],{"class":55},[37,161040,161041],{"class":59},"It is an int",[37,161043,56],{"class":55},[37,161045,85],{"class":51},[20,161047,161048],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161050,161051],{},"Better options:",[28,161053,161055],{"className":30,"code":161054,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161056,161057,161065,161069,161089],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161058,161059,161061,161063],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161060,1194],{"class":43},[37,161062,48],{"class":47},[37,161064,34950],{"class":122},[37,161066,161067],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161068,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,161070,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161072,92],{"class":91},[37,161074,95],{"class":51},[37,161076,757],{"class":756},[37,161078,95],{"class":51},[37,161080,1215],{"class":102},[37,161082,18],{"class":51},[37,161084,1495],{"class":47},[37,161086,45374],{"class":756},[37,161088,85],{"class":51},[37,161090,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,161092,92],{"class":91},[37,161094,95],{"class":51},[37,161096,48969],{"class":91},[37,161098,95],{"class":51},[37,161100,1215],{"class":102},[37,161102,65],{"class":51},[37,161104,45374],{"class":756},[37,161106,106],{"class":51},[20,161108,112],{},[28,161110,161111],{"className":30,"code":4625,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,161112,161113,161117],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161114,161115],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161116,4103],{"class":3977},[37,161118,161119],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161120,4103],{"class":3977},[20,161122,161123,161124,161126],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161125,44903],{}," is the more useful check.",[130,161128,1854],{"id":1853},[20,161130,14843,161131,3013],{},[15,161132,2435],{},[135,161134,161135,161145,161154,161163],{},[138,161136,1872,161137,161139,161140,161144],{},[15,161138,2435],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[285,161141,161142],{"href":8337},[15,161143,3087],{}," always returns a string",[138,161146,1880,161147,161149,161150,1866,161152],{},[15,161148,2435],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161151,818],{},[15,161153,159725],{},[138,161155,1872,161156,44727,161159,161162],{},[15,161157,161158],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161160,161161],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[138,161164,161165],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161167,161168,161169,292],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[285,161170,161172],{"href":161171},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161174,144669],{},[28,161176,161178],{"className":30,"code":161177,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161179,161180,161194,161204,161218,161228],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161181,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161183,92],{"class":91},[37,161185,95],{"class":51},[37,161187,757],{"class":756},[37,161189,95],{"class":51},[37,161191,1215],{"class":102},[37,161193,106],{"class":51},[37,161195,161196,161198,161200,161202],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161197,92],{"class":91},[37,161199,95],{"class":51},[37,161201,1215],{"class":102},[37,161203,85],{"class":51},[37,161205,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161207,92],{"class":91},[37,161209,95],{"class":51},[37,161211,41879],{"class":91},[37,161213,95],{"class":51},[37,161215,1215],{"class":102},[37,161217,106],{"class":51},[37,161219,161220,161222,161224,161226],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,161221,1937],{"class":91},[37,161223,95],{"class":51},[37,161225,757],{"class":756},[37,161227,85],{"class":51},[37,161229,161230,161232,161234,161236],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,161231,34479],{"class":91},[37,161233,95],{"class":51},[37,161235,1215],{"class":102},[37,161237,85],{"class":51},[20,161239,161240],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[130,161242,1969],{"id":1968},[307,161244,5262,161246,5265],{"id":161245},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161247,2435],{},[20,161249,161250,161251,2321,161253,2321,161255,2325,161257,161259,161260,292],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161252,3569],{},[15,161254,818],{},[15,161256,8213],{},[15,161258,8940],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161261,159722],{},[307,161263,15013,161265,57297,161267,2623],{"id":161264},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161266,2435],{},[15,161268,44903],{},[20,161270,1989,161271,161273,161274,161276],{},[15,161272,2435],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161275,44903],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[307,161278,5278,161280,161283,161284,2623],{"id":161279},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161281,161282],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161285,3569],{},[20,161287,29168,161288,161290,161291,3006,161293,160384],{},[15,161289,3087],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161292,3005],{},[15,161294,3012],{},[307,161296,5290,161298,161300],{"id":161297},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161299,2435],{}," create classes?",[20,161302,161303,161304,292],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161305,161306],{},"type(object)",[130,161308,2025],{"id":2024},[135,161310,161311,161315,161321,161327,161331,161337,161343],{},[138,161312,161313],{},[285,161314,44895],{"href":49071},[138,161316,161317],{},[285,161318,288,161319,291],{"href":160563},[15,161320,44903],{},[138,161322,161323],{},[285,161324,288,161325,291],{"href":8337},[15,161326,3087],{},[138,161328,161329],{},[285,161330,9177],{"href":9099},[138,161332,161333],{},[285,161334,288,161335,291],{"href":3002},[15,161336,3005],{},[138,161338,161339],{},[285,161340,288,161341,291],{"href":3009},[15,161342,3012],{},[138,161344,161345],{},[285,161346,288,161347,291],{"href":42275},[15,161348,47778],{},[2052,161350,161351],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":161353},[161354,161355,161357,161358,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161374,161375,161385],{"id":3733,"depth":88,"text":3734},{"id":159728,"depth":88,"text":161356},"What the type() function does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":121972,"depth":88,"text":121973},{"id":160086,"depth":88,"text":161360},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160392,"depth":88,"text":161362},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160568,"depth":88,"text":161364},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160718,"depth":88,"text":161366},"When to use type()",{"id":25464,"depth":88,"text":25465,"children":161368},[161369,161371,161373],{"id":160867,"depth":251,"text":161370},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160927,"depth":251,"text":161372},"input() returns str",{"id":160983,"depth":251,"text":160984},{"id":1853,"depth":88,"text":1854},{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":161376},[161377,161379,161381,161383],{"id":161245,"depth":251,"text":161378},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161264,"depth":251,"text":161380},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161279,"depth":251,"text":161382},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161297,"depth":251,"text":161384},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159562,"description":161386},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161392,"title":161393,"body":161394,"description":163873,"extension":2099,"meta":163874,"navigation":254,"path":163875,"seo":163876,"stem":163877,"__hash__":163878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161395,"toc":163830},[161396,161401,161406,161415,161417,161517,161519,161544,161549,161554,161570,161573,161575,161577,161602,161605,161608,161691,161693,161742,161745,161867,161869,161942,161946,161949,162063,162065,162091,162093,162114,162119,162123,162128,162131,162235,162237,162254,162263,162266,162353,162355,162366,162371,162377,162382,162388,162391,162484,162486,162535,162541,162544,162645,162647,162700,162705,162709,162712,162811,162813,162852,162855,162860,162862,162867,162871,162984,162988,163085,163089,163177,163179,163196,163200,163323,163329,163335,163341,163346,163349,163376,163380,163382,163476,163479,163483,163486,163573,163576,163611,163613,163650,163653,163661,163666,163671,163745,163752,163754,163759,163762,163768,163771,163777,163782,163788,163793,163797,163800,163802,163827],[10,161397,288,161399,3704],{"id":161398},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161400,64410],{},[20,161402,161403,161405],{},[15,161404,64410],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161407,161408,161409,161411,161412,161414],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161410,64410],{}," inside a ",[15,161413,1767],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[130,161416,2140],{"id":2139},[28,161418,161420],{"className":30,"code":161419,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161421,161422,161454,161474,161478,161503],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161423,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161425,5114],{"class":43},[37,161427,48],{"class":47},[37,161429,519],{"class":51},[37,161431,56],{"class":55},[37,161433,1646],{"class":59},[37,161435,56],{"class":55},[37,161437,65],{"class":51},[37,161439,68],{"class":55},[37,161441,36050],{"class":59},[37,161443,56],{"class":55},[37,161445,65],{"class":51},[37,161447,68],{"class":55},[37,161449,36059],{"class":59},[37,161451,56],{"class":55},[37,161453,3760],{"class":51},[37,161455,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161457,5183],{"class":43},[37,161459,48],{"class":47},[37,161461,519],{"class":51},[37,161463,13611],{"class":122},[37,161465,65],{"class":51},[37,161467,13616],{"class":122},[37,161469,65],{"class":51},[37,161471,29027],{"class":122},[37,161473,3760],{"class":51},[37,161475,161476],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161477,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,161479,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,161481,1767],{"class":1483},[37,161483,36101],{"class":43},[37,161485,65],{"class":51},[37,161487,5225],{"class":43},[37,161489,1773],{"class":1483},[37,161491,161492],{"class":91}," zip",[37,161494,95],{"class":51},[37,161496,5158],{"class":102},[37,161498,65],{"class":51},[37,161500,5230],{"class":102},[37,161502,8460],{"class":51},[37,161504,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,161506,1506],{"class":91},[37,161508,95],{"class":51},[37,161510,7790],{"class":102},[37,161512,65],{"class":51},[37,161514,130949],{"class":102},[37,161516,85],{"class":51},[20,161518,112],{},[28,161520,161522],{"className":30,"code":161521,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161523,161524,161530,161537],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161525,161526,161528],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161527,133968],{"class":43},[37,161529,33243],{"class":122},[37,161531,161532,161535],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161533,161534],{"class":43},"Ben ",[37,161536,33248],{"class":122},[37,161538,161539,161542],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161540,161541],{"class":43},"Cara ",[37,161543,33253],{"class":122},[20,161545,22,161546,161548],{},[15,161547,64410],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[130,161550,296,161552,3805],{"id":161551},"what-zip-does",[15,161553,64410],{},[135,161555,161556,161561,161564,161567],{},[138,161557,161558,161560],{},[15,161559,64410],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[138,161562,161563],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[138,161565,161566],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[138,161568,161569],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161571,161572],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[130,161574,159],{"id":158},[20,161576,7339],{},[28,161578,161580],{"className":30,"code":161579,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161581,161582],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161583,161584,161586,161588,161591,161593,161596,161598,161600],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161585,64480],{"class":91},[37,161587,95],{"class":51},[37,161589,161590],{"class":102},"iterable1",[37,161592,65],{"class":51},[37,161594,161595],{"class":102}," iterable2",[37,161597,65],{"class":51},[37,161599,34561],{"class":91},[37,161601,85],{"class":51},[20,161603,161604],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161606,161607],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[28,161609,161611],{"className":30,"code":161610,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161612,161613,161633,161665,161669],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161614,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161616,207],{"class":43},[37,161618,48],{"class":47},[37,161620,519],{"class":51},[37,161622,501],{"class":122},[37,161624,65],{"class":51},[37,161626,890],{"class":122},[37,161628,65],{"class":51},[37,161630,513],{"class":122},[37,161632,3760],{"class":51},[37,161634,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161636,1729],{"class":43},[37,161638,48],{"class":47},[37,161640,519],{"class":51},[37,161642,56],{"class":55},[37,161644,285],{"class":59},[37,161646,56],{"class":55},[37,161648,65],{"class":51},[37,161650,68],{"class":55},[37,161652,777],{"class":59},[37,161654,56],{"class":55},[37,161656,65],{"class":51},[37,161658,68],{"class":55},[37,161660,1754],{"class":59},[37,161662,56],{"class":55},[37,161664,3760],{"class":51},[37,161666,161667],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161668,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,161670,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,161672,92],{"class":91},[37,161674,95],{"class":51},[37,161676,8213],{"class":756},[37,161678,95],{"class":51},[37,161680,64480],{"class":91},[37,161682,95],{"class":51},[37,161684,246],{"class":102},[37,161686,65],{"class":51},[37,161688,1802],{"class":102},[37,161690,3041],{"class":51},[20,161692,112],{},[28,161694,161696],{"className":30,"code":161695,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161697,161698],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161699,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161701,21847],{"class":51},[37,161703,501],{"class":122},[37,161705,65],{"class":51},[37,161707,815],{"class":55},[37,161709,285],{"class":59},[37,161711,821],{"class":55},[37,161713,516],{"class":51},[37,161715,52],{"class":51},[37,161717,508],{"class":122},[37,161719,65],{"class":51},[37,161721,815],{"class":55},[37,161723,777],{"class":59},[37,161725,821],{"class":55},[37,161727,516],{"class":51},[37,161729,52],{"class":51},[37,161731,1129],{"class":122},[37,161733,65],{"class":51},[37,161735,815],{"class":55},[37,161737,1754],{"class":59},[37,161739,821],{"class":55},[37,161741,9365],{"class":51},[20,161743,161744],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[28,161746,161748],{"className":30,"code":161747,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161749,161750,161782,161802,161836,161840],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161751,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161753,5114],{"class":43},[37,161755,48],{"class":47},[37,161757,519],{"class":51},[37,161759,56],{"class":55},[37,161761,1646],{"class":59},[37,161763,56],{"class":55},[37,161765,65],{"class":51},[37,161767,68],{"class":55},[37,161769,36050],{"class":59},[37,161771,56],{"class":55},[37,161773,65],{"class":51},[37,161775,68],{"class":55},[37,161777,36059],{"class":59},[37,161779,56],{"class":55},[37,161781,3760],{"class":51},[37,161783,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161785,5183],{"class":43},[37,161787,48],{"class":47},[37,161789,519],{"class":51},[37,161791,13611],{"class":122},[37,161793,65],{"class":51},[37,161795,13616],{"class":122},[37,161797,65],{"class":51},[37,161799,29027],{"class":122},[37,161801,3760],{"class":51},[37,161803,161804,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161832,161834],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,161805,161806],{"class":43},"grades ",[37,161808,48],{"class":47},[37,161810,519],{"class":51},[37,161812,56],{"class":55},[37,161814,22352],{"class":59},[37,161816,56],{"class":55},[37,161818,65],{"class":51},[37,161820,68],{"class":55},[37,161822,30708],{"class":59},[37,161824,56],{"class":55},[37,161826,65],{"class":51},[37,161828,68],{"class":55},[37,161830,161831],{"class":59},"B+",[37,161833,56],{"class":55},[37,161835,3760],{"class":51},[37,161837,161838],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,161839,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,161841,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161865],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,161843,92],{"class":91},[37,161845,95],{"class":51},[37,161847,8213],{"class":756},[37,161849,95],{"class":51},[37,161851,64480],{"class":91},[37,161853,95],{"class":51},[37,161855,5158],{"class":102},[37,161857,65],{"class":51},[37,161859,5230],{"class":102},[37,161861,65],{"class":51},[37,161863,161864],{"class":102}," grades",[37,161866,3041],{"class":51},[20,161868,112],{},[28,161870,161872],{"className":30,"code":161871,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161873,161874],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161875,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161877,21847],{"class":51},[37,161879,821],{"class":55},[37,161881,1646],{"class":59},[37,161883,821],{"class":55},[37,161885,65],{"class":51},[37,161887,20006],{"class":122},[37,161889,65],{"class":51},[37,161891,815],{"class":55},[37,161893,22352],{"class":59},[37,161895,821],{"class":55},[37,161897,516],{"class":51},[37,161899,52],{"class":51},[37,161901,821],{"class":55},[37,161903,36050],{"class":59},[37,161905,821],{"class":55},[37,161907,65],{"class":51},[37,161909,13616],{"class":122},[37,161911,65],{"class":51},[37,161913,815],{"class":55},[37,161915,30708],{"class":59},[37,161917,821],{"class":55},[37,161919,516],{"class":51},[37,161921,52],{"class":51},[37,161923,821],{"class":55},[37,161925,36059],{"class":59},[37,161927,821],{"class":55},[37,161929,65],{"class":51},[37,161931,29027],{"class":122},[37,161933,65],{"class":51},[37,161935,815],{"class":55},[37,161937,161831],{"class":59},[37,161939,821],{"class":55},[37,161941,9365],{"class":51},[130,161943,161945],{"id":161944},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161947,161948],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[28,161950,161952],{"className":30,"code":161951,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161953,161954,161986,162006,162010,162034],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,161955,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,161957,5114],{"class":43},[37,161959,48],{"class":47},[37,161961,519],{"class":51},[37,161963,56],{"class":55},[37,161965,1646],{"class":59},[37,161967,56],{"class":55},[37,161969,65],{"class":51},[37,161971,68],{"class":55},[37,161973,36050],{"class":59},[37,161975,56],{"class":55},[37,161977,65],{"class":51},[37,161979,68],{"class":55},[37,161981,36059],{"class":59},[37,161983,56],{"class":55},[37,161985,3760],{"class":51},[37,161987,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,161989,5183],{"class":43},[37,161991,48],{"class":47},[37,161993,519],{"class":51},[37,161995,13611],{"class":122},[37,161997,65],{"class":51},[37,161999,13616],{"class":122},[37,162001,65],{"class":51},[37,162003,29027],{"class":122},[37,162005,3760],{"class":51},[37,162007,162008],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162009,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162011,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162013,1767],{"class":1483},[37,162015,36101],{"class":43},[37,162017,65],{"class":51},[37,162019,5225],{"class":43},[37,162021,1773],{"class":1483},[37,162023,161492],{"class":91},[37,162025,95],{"class":51},[37,162027,5158],{"class":102},[37,162029,65],{"class":51},[37,162031,5230],{"class":102},[37,162033,8460],{"class":51},[37,162035,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,162037,1506],{"class":91},[37,162039,95],{"class":51},[37,162041,22401],{"class":811},[37,162043,56],{"class":59},[37,162045,9394],{"class":122},[37,162047,7790],{"class":102},[37,162049,22410],{"class":122},[37,162051,162052],{"class":59}," scored ",[37,162054,9394],{"class":122},[37,162056,85607],{"class":102},[37,162058,22410],{"class":122},[37,162060,56],{"class":59},[37,162062,85],{"class":51},[20,162064,112],{},[28,162066,162068],{"className":30,"code":162067,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162069,162070,162077,162084],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162071,162072,162075],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162073,162074],{"class":43},"Ana scored ",[37,162076,33243],{"class":122},[37,162078,162079,162082],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162080,162081],{"class":43},"Ben scored ",[37,162083,33248],{"class":122},[37,162085,162086,162089],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162087,162088],{"class":43},"Cara scored ",[37,162090,33253],{"class":122},[20,162092,45028],{},[135,162094,162095,162104,162107],{},[138,162096,162097,162100,162101],{},[15,162098,162099],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162102,162103],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[138,162105,162106],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[138,162108,162109,851,162111,162113],{},[15,162110,7790],{},[15,162112,85607],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162115,162116,162117,292],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[285,162118,69701],{"href":69700},[130,162120,162122],{"id":162121},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162124,162125,162127],{},[15,162126,64410],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162129,162130],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[28,162132,162134],{"className":30,"code":162133,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162135,162136,162177,162193,162197,162221],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162137,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162173,162175],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162139,5114],{"class":43},[37,162141,48],{"class":47},[37,162143,519],{"class":51},[37,162145,56],{"class":55},[37,162147,1646],{"class":59},[37,162149,56],{"class":55},[37,162151,65],{"class":51},[37,162153,68],{"class":55},[37,162155,36050],{"class":59},[37,162157,56],{"class":55},[37,162159,65],{"class":51},[37,162161,68],{"class":55},[37,162163,36059],{"class":59},[37,162165,56],{"class":55},[37,162167,65],{"class":51},[37,162169,68],{"class":55},[37,162171,162172],{"class":59},"Dan",[37,162174,56],{"class":55},[37,162176,3760],{"class":51},[37,162178,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162180,5183],{"class":43},[37,162182,48],{"class":47},[37,162184,519],{"class":51},[37,162186,13611],{"class":122},[37,162188,65],{"class":51},[37,162190,13616],{"class":122},[37,162192,3760],{"class":51},[37,162194,162195],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162196,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162198,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162200,1767],{"class":1483},[37,162202,36101],{"class":43},[37,162204,65],{"class":51},[37,162206,5225],{"class":43},[37,162208,1773],{"class":1483},[37,162210,161492],{"class":91},[37,162212,95],{"class":51},[37,162214,5158],{"class":102},[37,162216,65],{"class":51},[37,162218,5230],{"class":102},[37,162220,8460],{"class":51},[37,162222,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,162224,1506],{"class":91},[37,162226,95],{"class":51},[37,162228,7790],{"class":102},[37,162230,65],{"class":51},[37,162232,130949],{"class":102},[37,162234,85],{"class":51},[20,162236,112],{},[28,162238,162240],{"className":30,"code":162239,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162241,162242,162248],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162243,162244,162246],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162245,133968],{"class":43},[37,162247,33243],{"class":122},[37,162249,162250,162252],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162251,161534],{"class":43},[37,162253,33248],{"class":122},[20,162255,2419,162256,851,162259,162262],{},[15,162257,162258],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162260,162261],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162264,162265],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[28,162267,162269],{"className":30,"code":162268,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162270,162271,162311,162327,162331],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162272,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162274,5114],{"class":43},[37,162276,48],{"class":47},[37,162278,519],{"class":51},[37,162280,56],{"class":55},[37,162282,1646],{"class":59},[37,162284,56],{"class":55},[37,162286,65],{"class":51},[37,162288,68],{"class":55},[37,162290,36050],{"class":59},[37,162292,56],{"class":55},[37,162294,65],{"class":51},[37,162296,68],{"class":55},[37,162298,36059],{"class":59},[37,162300,56],{"class":55},[37,162302,65],{"class":51},[37,162304,68],{"class":55},[37,162306,162172],{"class":59},[37,162308,56],{"class":55},[37,162310,3760],{"class":51},[37,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162314,5183],{"class":43},[37,162316,48],{"class":47},[37,162318,519],{"class":51},[37,162320,13611],{"class":122},[37,162322,65],{"class":51},[37,162324,13616],{"class":122},[37,162326,3760],{"class":51},[37,162328,162329],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162330,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162332,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162334,92],{"class":91},[37,162336,95],{"class":51},[37,162338,17],{"class":91},[37,162340,95],{"class":51},[37,162342,5158],{"class":102},[37,162344,516],{"class":51},[37,162346,241],{"class":91},[37,162348,95],{"class":51},[37,162350,16498],{"class":102},[37,162352,106],{"class":51},[20,162354,112],{},[28,162356,162358],{"className":30,"code":162357,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"4 2\n",[15,162359,162360],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162361,162362,162364],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162363,522],{"class":122},[37,162365,45687],{"class":122},[20,162367,162368,162369,292],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162370,64410],{},[130,162372,92198,162374,162376],{"id":162373},"converting-zip-output",[15,162375,64410],{}," output",[20,162378,29168,162379,162381],{},[15,162380,64410],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[307,162383,22,162385],{"id":162384},"use-listzip",[15,162386,162387],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162389,162390],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[28,162392,162394],{"className":30,"code":162393,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162395,162396,162428,162448,162452,162474],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162397,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162399,5114],{"class":43},[37,162401,48],{"class":47},[37,162403,519],{"class":51},[37,162405,56],{"class":55},[37,162407,1646],{"class":59},[37,162409,56],{"class":55},[37,162411,65],{"class":51},[37,162413,68],{"class":55},[37,162415,36050],{"class":59},[37,162417,56],{"class":55},[37,162419,65],{"class":51},[37,162421,68],{"class":55},[37,162423,36059],{"class":59},[37,162425,56],{"class":55},[37,162427,3760],{"class":51},[37,162429,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162431,5183],{"class":43},[37,162433,48],{"class":47},[37,162435,519],{"class":51},[37,162437,13611],{"class":122},[37,162439,65],{"class":51},[37,162441,13616],{"class":122},[37,162443,65],{"class":51},[37,162445,29027],{"class":122},[37,162447,3760],{"class":51},[37,162449,162450],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162451,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162453,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162455,9333],{"class":43},[37,162457,48],{"class":47},[37,162459,22666],{"class":756},[37,162461,95],{"class":51},[37,162463,64480],{"class":91},[37,162465,95],{"class":51},[37,162467,5158],{"class":102},[37,162469,65],{"class":51},[37,162471,5230],{"class":102},[37,162473,106],{"class":51},[37,162475,162476,162478,162480,162482],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,162477,92],{"class":91},[37,162479,95],{"class":51},[37,162481,9378],{"class":102},[37,162483,85],{"class":51},[20,162485,112],{},[28,162487,162489],{"className":30,"code":162488,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162490,162491],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162494,21847],{"class":51},[37,162496,821],{"class":55},[37,162498,1646],{"class":59},[37,162500,821],{"class":55},[37,162502,65],{"class":51},[37,162504,20006],{"class":122},[37,162506,516],{"class":51},[37,162508,52],{"class":51},[37,162510,821],{"class":55},[37,162512,36050],{"class":59},[37,162514,821],{"class":55},[37,162516,65],{"class":51},[37,162518,13616],{"class":122},[37,162520,516],{"class":51},[37,162522,52],{"class":51},[37,162524,821],{"class":55},[37,162526,36059],{"class":59},[37,162528,821],{"class":55},[37,162530,65],{"class":51},[37,162532,29027],{"class":122},[37,162534,9365],{"class":51},[307,162536,22,162538],{"id":162537},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162539,162540],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162542,162543],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[28,162545,162547],{"className":30,"code":162546,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162548,162549,162581,162609,162613,162635],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162550,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162552,17351],{"class":43},[37,162554,48],{"class":47},[37,162556,519],{"class":51},[37,162558,56],{"class":55},[37,162560,7790],{"class":59},[37,162562,56],{"class":55},[37,162564,65],{"class":51},[37,162566,68],{"class":55},[37,162568,9415],{"class":59},[37,162570,56],{"class":55},[37,162572,65],{"class":51},[37,162574,68],{"class":55},[37,162576,10523],{"class":59},[37,162578,56],{"class":55},[37,162580,3760],{"class":51},[37,162582,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162584,1111],{"class":43},[37,162586,48],{"class":47},[37,162588,519],{"class":51},[37,162590,56],{"class":55},[37,162592,1646],{"class":59},[37,162594,56],{"class":55},[37,162596,65],{"class":51},[37,162598,1653],{"class":122},[37,162600,65],{"class":51},[37,162602,68],{"class":55},[37,162604,16140],{"class":59},[37,162606,56],{"class":55},[37,162608,3760],{"class":51},[37,162610,162611],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162612,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162614,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162616,13314],{"class":43},[37,162618,48],{"class":47},[37,162620,9289],{"class":756},[37,162622,95],{"class":51},[37,162624,64480],{"class":91},[37,162626,95],{"class":51},[37,162628,17033],{"class":102},[37,162630,65],{"class":51},[37,162632,4010],{"class":102},[37,162634,106],{"class":51},[37,162636,162637,162639,162641,162643],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,162638,92],{"class":91},[37,162640,95],{"class":51},[37,162642,17416],{"class":102},[37,162644,85],{"class":51},[20,162646,112],{},[28,162648,162650],{"className":30,"code":162649,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162651,162652],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162653,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162655,9394],{"class":51},[37,162657,821],{"class":55},[37,162659,7790],{"class":59},[37,162661,821],{"class":55},[37,162663,3013],{"class":51},[37,162665,815],{"class":55},[37,162667,1646],{"class":59},[37,162669,821],{"class":55},[37,162671,65],{"class":51},[37,162673,815],{"class":55},[37,162675,9415],{"class":59},[37,162677,821],{"class":55},[37,162679,3013],{"class":51},[37,162681,1653],{"class":122},[37,162683,65],{"class":51},[37,162685,815],{"class":55},[37,162687,10523],{"class":59},[37,162689,821],{"class":55},[37,162691,3013],{"class":51},[37,162693,815],{"class":55},[37,162695,16140],{"class":59},[37,162697,821],{"class":55},[37,162699,9424],{"class":51},[20,162701,162702,162703,292],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[285,162704,31195],{"href":31194},[307,162706,162708],{"id":162707},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162710,162711],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[28,162713,162715],{"className":30,"code":162714,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162716,162717,162741,162757,162761,162779,162783,162797],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162718,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162720,5114],{"class":43},[37,162722,48],{"class":47},[37,162724,519],{"class":51},[37,162726,56],{"class":55},[37,162728,1646],{"class":59},[37,162730,56],{"class":55},[37,162732,65],{"class":51},[37,162734,68],{"class":55},[37,162736,36050],{"class":59},[37,162738,56],{"class":55},[37,162740,3760],{"class":51},[37,162742,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162744,5183],{"class":43},[37,162746,48],{"class":47},[37,162748,519],{"class":51},[37,162750,13611],{"class":122},[37,162752,65],{"class":51},[37,162754,13616],{"class":122},[37,162756,3760],{"class":51},[37,162758,162759],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162760,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162762,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162764,9333],{"class":43},[37,162766,48],{"class":47},[37,162768,161492],{"class":91},[37,162770,95],{"class":51},[37,162772,5158],{"class":102},[37,162774,65],{"class":51},[37,162776,5230],{"class":102},[37,162778,85],{"class":51},[37,162780,162781],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,162782,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162784,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,162786,92],{"class":91},[37,162788,95],{"class":51},[37,162790,8213],{"class":756},[37,162792,95],{"class":51},[37,162794,9378],{"class":102},[37,162796,106],{"class":51},[37,162798,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,162800,92],{"class":91},[37,162802,95],{"class":51},[37,162804,8213],{"class":756},[37,162806,95],{"class":51},[37,162808,9378],{"class":102},[37,162810,106],{"class":51},[20,162812,112],{},[28,162814,162816],{"className":30,"code":162815,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162817,162818,162848],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162821,21847],{"class":51},[37,162823,821],{"class":55},[37,162825,1646],{"class":59},[37,162827,821],{"class":55},[37,162829,65],{"class":51},[37,162831,20006],{"class":122},[37,162833,516],{"class":51},[37,162835,52],{"class":51},[37,162837,821],{"class":55},[37,162839,36050],{"class":59},[37,162841,821],{"class":55},[37,162843,65],{"class":51},[37,162845,13616],{"class":122},[37,162847,9365],{"class":51},[37,162849,162850],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162851,38399],{"class":51},[20,162853,162854],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162856,162857,162858,292],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[285,162859,5256],{"href":5708},[130,162861,41147],{"id":41146},[20,162863,162864,162865,292],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162866,64410],{},[307,162868,162870],{"id":162869},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[28,162872,162874],{"className":30,"code":162873,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162875,162876,162908,162928,162932,162956],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162877,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162879,5114],{"class":43},[37,162881,48],{"class":47},[37,162883,519],{"class":51},[37,162885,56],{"class":55},[37,162887,1646],{"class":59},[37,162889,56],{"class":55},[37,162891,65],{"class":51},[37,162893,68],{"class":55},[37,162895,36050],{"class":59},[37,162897,56],{"class":55},[37,162899,65],{"class":51},[37,162901,68],{"class":55},[37,162903,36059],{"class":59},[37,162905,56],{"class":55},[37,162907,3760],{"class":51},[37,162909,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,162911,5183],{"class":43},[37,162913,48],{"class":47},[37,162915,519],{"class":51},[37,162917,13611],{"class":122},[37,162919,65],{"class":51},[37,162921,13616],{"class":122},[37,162923,65],{"class":51},[37,162925,29027],{"class":122},[37,162927,3760],{"class":51},[37,162929,162930],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,162931,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,162933,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,162935,1767],{"class":1483},[37,162937,36101],{"class":43},[37,162939,65],{"class":51},[37,162941,5225],{"class":43},[37,162943,1773],{"class":1483},[37,162945,161492],{"class":91},[37,162947,95],{"class":51},[37,162949,5158],{"class":102},[37,162951,65],{"class":51},[37,162953,5230],{"class":102},[37,162955,8460],{"class":51},[37,162957,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,162959,1506],{"class":91},[37,162961,95],{"class":51},[37,162963,22401],{"class":811},[37,162965,56],{"class":59},[37,162967,9394],{"class":122},[37,162969,7790],{"class":102},[37,162971,22410],{"class":122},[37,162973,22413],{"class":59},[37,162975,9394],{"class":122},[37,162977,85607],{"class":102},[37,162979,22410],{"class":122},[37,162981,56],{"class":59},[37,162983,85],{"class":51},[307,162985,162987],{"id":162986},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[28,162989,162991],{"className":30,"code":162990,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162992,162993,163025,163049,163053,163075],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,162994,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,162996,17351],{"class":43},[37,162998,48],{"class":47},[37,163000,519],{"class":51},[37,163002,56],{"class":55},[37,163004,12762],{"class":59},[37,163006,56],{"class":55},[37,163008,65],{"class":51},[37,163010,68],{"class":55},[37,163012,7790],{"class":59},[37,163014,56],{"class":55},[37,163016,65],{"class":51},[37,163018,68],{"class":55},[37,163020,15930],{"class":59},[37,163022,56],{"class":55},[37,163024,3760],{"class":51},[37,163026,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163028,1111],{"class":43},[37,163030,48],{"class":47},[37,163032,519],{"class":51},[37,163034,46689],{"class":122},[37,163036,65],{"class":51},[37,163038,68],{"class":55},[37,163040,1646],{"class":59},[37,163042,56],{"class":55},[37,163044,65],{"class":51},[37,163046,4039],{"class":3977},[37,163048,3760],{"class":51},[37,163050,163051],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163052,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163054,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,163056,494],{"class":43},[37,163058,48],{"class":47},[37,163060,9289],{"class":756},[37,163062,95],{"class":51},[37,163064,64480],{"class":91},[37,163066,95],{"class":51},[37,163068,17033],{"class":102},[37,163070,65],{"class":51},[37,163072,4010],{"class":102},[37,163074,106],{"class":51},[37,163076,163077,163079,163081,163083],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,163078,92],{"class":91},[37,163080,95],{"class":51},[37,163082,543],{"class":102},[37,163084,85],{"class":51},[307,163086,163088],{"id":163087},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[28,163090,163092],{"className":30,"code":163091,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163093,163094,163114,163134,163138,163163],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163095,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163097,80745],{"class":43},[37,163099,48],{"class":47},[37,163101,519],{"class":51},[37,163103,214],{"class":122},[37,163105,65],{"class":51},[37,163107,219],{"class":122},[37,163109,65],{"class":51},[37,163111,224],{"class":122},[37,163113,3760],{"class":51},[37,163115,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163117,80766],{"class":43},[37,163119,48],{"class":47},[37,163121,519],{"class":51},[37,163123,214],{"class":122},[37,163125,65],{"class":51},[37,163127,1653],{"class":122},[37,163129,65],{"class":51},[37,163131,224],{"class":122},[37,163133,3760],{"class":51},[37,163135,163136],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163137,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163139,163140,163142,163144,163146,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,163141,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163143,56979],{"class":43},[37,163145,65],{"class":51},[37,163147,163148],{"class":43}," b ",[37,163150,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163152,161492],{"class":91},[37,163154,95],{"class":51},[37,163156,111837],{"class":102},[37,163158,65],{"class":51},[37,163160,80809],{"class":102},[37,163162,8460],{"class":51},[37,163164,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,163166,1506],{"class":91},[37,163168,95],{"class":51},[37,163170,722],{"class":102},[37,163172,4807],{"class":47},[37,163174,2689],{"class":102},[37,163176,85],{"class":51},[20,163178,112],{},[28,163180,163182],{"className":30,"code":163181,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163183,163184,163188,163192],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163185,163186],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163187,4103],{"class":3977},[37,163189,163190],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163191,4164],{"class":3977},[37,163193,163194],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163195,4103],{"class":3977},[307,163197,163199],{"id":163198},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[28,163201,163203],{"className":30,"code":163202,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163204,163205,163240,163263,163267,163294],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163206,163207,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163227,163229,163231,163233,163236,163238],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163208,163209],{"class":43},"products ",[37,163211,48],{"class":47},[37,163213,519],{"class":51},[37,163215,56],{"class":55},[37,163217,25248],{"class":59},[37,163219,56],{"class":55},[37,163221,65],{"class":51},[37,163223,68],{"class":55},[37,163225,163226],{"class":59},"Pen",[37,163228,56],{"class":55},[37,163230,65],{"class":51},[37,163232,68],{"class":55},[37,163234,163235],{"class":59},"Bag",[37,163237,56],{"class":55},[37,163239,3760],{"class":51},[37,163241,163242,163244,163246,163248,163251,163253,163256,163258,163261],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163243,83135],{"class":43},[37,163245,48],{"class":47},[37,163247,519],{"class":51},[37,163249,163250],{"class":122},"12.5",[37,163252,65],{"class":51},[37,163254,163255],{"class":122}," 1.2",[37,163257,65],{"class":51},[37,163259,163260],{"class":122}," 25.0",[37,163262,3760],{"class":51},[37,163264,163265],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163266,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163268,163269,163271,163273,163275,163278,163280,163282,163284,163287,163289,163292],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,163270,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163272,25309],{"class":43},[37,163274,65],{"class":51},[37,163276,163277],{"class":43}," price ",[37,163279,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163281,161492],{"class":91},[37,163283,95],{"class":51},[37,163285,163286],{"class":102},"products",[37,163288,65],{"class":51},[37,163290,163291],{"class":102}," prices",[37,163293,8460],{"class":51},[37,163295,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,163297,1506],{"class":91},[37,163299,95],{"class":51},[37,163301,22401],{"class":811},[37,163303,56],{"class":59},[37,163305,9394],{"class":122},[37,163307,27115],{"class":102},[37,163309,22410],{"class":122},[37,163311,163312],{"class":59}," costs $",[37,163314,9394],{"class":122},[37,163316,25257],{"class":102},[37,163318,22410],{"class":122},[37,163320,56],{"class":59},[37,163322,85],{"class":51},[20,163324,36703,163325,292],{},[285,163326,163328],{"href":163327},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[130,163330,163332,163333],{"id":163331},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163334,64410],{},[307,163336,1880,163338,163340],{"id":163337},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163339,64410],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163342,163343,163345],{},[15,163344,64410],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163347,163348],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[28,163350,163352],{"className":30,"code":163351,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163353,163354],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163355,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163357,92],{"class":91},[37,163359,95],{"class":51},[37,163361,17],{"class":91},[37,163363,95],{"class":51},[37,163365,111837],{"class":102},[37,163367,516],{"class":51},[37,163369,241],{"class":91},[37,163371,95],{"class":51},[37,163373,81032],{"class":102},[37,163375,106],{"class":51},[307,163377,163379],{"id":163378},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163381,68926],{},[28,163383,163385],{"className":30,"code":163384,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163386,163387,163423,163427,163440,163450,163454,163466],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163388,163389,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163390,9333],{"class":43},[37,163392,48],{"class":47},[37,163394,161492],{"class":91},[37,163396,3115],{"class":51},[37,163398,501],{"class":122},[37,163400,65],{"class":51},[37,163402,890],{"class":122},[37,163404,893],{"class":51},[37,163406,519],{"class":51},[37,163408,56],{"class":55},[37,163410,285],{"class":59},[37,163412,56],{"class":55},[37,163414,65],{"class":51},[37,163416,68],{"class":55},[37,163418,777],{"class":59},[37,163420,56],{"class":55},[37,163422,530],{"class":51},[37,163424,163425],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163426,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163428,163429,163431,163433,163435,163438],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163430,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163432,6082],{"class":43},[37,163434,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163436,163437],{"class":43}," pairs",[37,163439,1501],{"class":51},[37,163441,163442,163444,163446,163448],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,163443,1506],{"class":91},[37,163445,95],{"class":51},[37,163447,23417],{"class":102},[37,163449,85],{"class":51},[37,163451,163452],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,163453,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163455,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464],{"class":39,"line":782},[37,163457,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163459,6082],{"class":43},[37,163461,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163463,163437],{"class":43},[37,163465,1501],{"class":51},[37,163467,163468,163470,163472,163474],{"class":39,"line":6535},[37,163469,1506],{"class":91},[37,163471,95],{"class":51},[37,163473,23417],{"class":102},[37,163475,85],{"class":51},[20,163477,163478],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[307,163480,163482],{"id":163481},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163484,163485],{},"This is correct:",[28,163487,163489],{"className":30,"code":163488,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163490,163491,163515,163531,163535,163559],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163492,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163494,5114],{"class":43},[37,163496,48],{"class":47},[37,163498,519],{"class":51},[37,163500,56],{"class":55},[37,163502,1646],{"class":59},[37,163504,56],{"class":55},[37,163506,65],{"class":51},[37,163508,68],{"class":55},[37,163510,36050],{"class":59},[37,163512,56],{"class":55},[37,163514,3760],{"class":51},[37,163516,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163518,5183],{"class":43},[37,163520,48],{"class":47},[37,163522,519],{"class":51},[37,163524,13611],{"class":122},[37,163526,65],{"class":51},[37,163528,13616],{"class":122},[37,163530,3760],{"class":51},[37,163532,163533],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163534,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163536,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,163538,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163540,36101],{"class":43},[37,163542,65],{"class":51},[37,163544,5225],{"class":43},[37,163546,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163548,161492],{"class":91},[37,163550,95],{"class":51},[37,163552,5158],{"class":102},[37,163554,65],{"class":51},[37,163556,5230],{"class":102},[37,163558,8460],{"class":51},[37,163560,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571],{"class":39,"line":766},[37,163562,1506],{"class":91},[37,163564,95],{"class":51},[37,163566,7790],{"class":102},[37,163568,65],{"class":51},[37,163570,130949],{"class":102},[37,163572,85],{"class":51},[20,163574,163575],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[28,163577,163579],{"className":30,"code":163578,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163580,163581,163601],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163582,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163584,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163586,6082],{"class":43},[37,163588,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163590,161492],{"class":91},[37,163592,95],{"class":51},[37,163594,5158],{"class":102},[37,163596,65],{"class":51},[37,163598,5230],{"class":102},[37,163600,8460],{"class":51},[37,163602,163603,163605,163607,163609],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163604,1506],{"class":91},[37,163606,95],{"class":51},[37,163608,23417],{"class":102},[37,163610,85],{"class":51},[20,163612,112],{},[28,163614,163616],{"className":30,"code":163615,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163617,163618,163634],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163619,163620,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163621,95],{"class":51},[37,163623,821],{"class":55},[37,163625,1646],{"class":59},[37,163627,821],{"class":55},[37,163629,65],{"class":51},[37,163631,20006],{"class":122},[37,163633,85],{"class":51},[37,163635,163636,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163637,95],{"class":51},[37,163639,821],{"class":55},[37,163641,36050],{"class":59},[37,163643,821],{"class":55},[37,163645,65],{"class":51},[37,163647,13616],{"class":122},[37,163649,85],{"class":51},[20,163651,163652],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[307,163654,1872,163656,163658,163659],{"id":163655},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163657,64410],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163660,35858],{},[20,163662,22,163663,163665],{},[15,163664,64410],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163667,22,163668,163670],{},[15,163669,35858],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[28,163672,163673],{"className":30,"code":36027,"language":32,"meta":33,"style":33},[15,163674,163675,163707,163711,163731],{"__ignoreMap":33},[37,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705],{"class":39,"line":40},[37,163678,5114],{"class":43},[37,163680,48],{"class":47},[37,163682,519],{"class":51},[37,163684,56],{"class":55},[37,163686,1646],{"class":59},[37,163688,56],{"class":55},[37,163690,65],{"class":51},[37,163692,68],{"class":55},[37,163694,36050],{"class":59},[37,163696,56],{"class":55},[37,163698,65],{"class":51},[37,163700,68],{"class":55},[37,163702,36059],{"class":59},[37,163704,56],{"class":55},[37,163706,3760],{"class":51},[37,163708,163709],{"class":39,"line":88},[37,163710,255],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":254},[37,163712,163713,163715,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729],{"class":39,"line":251},[37,163714,1767],{"class":1483},[37,163716,35930],{"class":43},[37,163718,65],{"class":51},[37,163720,36078],{"class":43},[37,163722,1773],{"class":1483},[37,163724,35940],{"class":91},[37,163726,95],{"class":51},[37,163728,5158],{"class":102},[37,163730,8460],{"class":51},[37,163732,163733,163735,163737,163739,163741,163743],{"class":39,"line":258},[37,163734,1506],{"class":91},[37,163736,95],{"class":51},[37,163738,35955],{"class":102},[37,163740,65],{"class":51},[37,163742,36101],{"class":102},[37,163744,85],{"class":51},[20,163746,163747,163748,292],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[285,163749,288,163750,291],{"href":92110},[15,163751,35858],{},[130,163753,1969],{"id":1968},[307,163755,5262,163757,5265],{"id":163756},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163758,64410],{},[20,163760,163761],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[307,163763,1983,163765,163767],{"id":163764},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163766,64410],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163769,163770],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[307,163772,163774,163775,2623],{"id":163773},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163776,64410],{},[20,163778,163779,163780,292],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163781,162387],{},[307,163783,163785,163786,2623],{"id":163784},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163787,64410],{},[20,163789,128314,163790,163792],{},[15,163791,162540],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[307,163794,163796],{"id":163795},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163798,163799],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[130,163801,2025],{"id":2024},[135,163803,163804,163809,163815,163819,163823],{},[138,163805,163806],{},[285,163807,163808],{"href":163327},"How to use zip in Python",[138,163810,163811],{},[285,163812,288,163813,291],{"href":92110},[15,163814,35858],{},[138,163816,163817],{},[285,163818,5337],{"href":5708},[138,163820,163821],{},[285,163822,69777],{"href":69700},[138,163824,163825],{},[285,163826,32367],{"href":31194},[2052,163828,163829],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":33,"searchDepth":88,"depth":88,"links":163831},[163832,163833,163835,163836,163837,163838,163846,163852,163861,163872],{"id":2139,"depth":88,"text":2140},{"id":161551,"depth":88,"text":163834},"What zip() does",{"id":158,"depth":88,"text":159},{"id":161944,"depth":88,"text":161945},{"id":162121,"depth":88,"text":162122},{"id":162373,"depth":88,"text":163839,"children":163840},"Converting zip() output",[163841,163843,163845],{"id":162384,"depth":251,"text":163842},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162537,"depth":251,"text":163844},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162707,"depth":251,"text":162708},{"id":41146,"depth":88,"text":41147,"children":163847},[163848,163849,163850,163851],{"id":162869,"depth":251,"text":162870},{"id":162986,"depth":251,"text":162987},{"id":163087,"depth":251,"text":163088},{"id":163198,"depth":251,"text":163199},{"id":163331,"depth":88,"text":163853,"children":163854},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163855,163857,163858,163859],{"id":163337,"depth":251,"text":163856},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163378,"depth":251,"text":163379},{"id":163481,"depth":251,"text":163482},{"id":163655,"depth":251,"text":163860},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1968,"depth":88,"text":1969,"children":163862},[163863,163865,163867,163869,163871],{"id":163756,"depth":251,"text":163864},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163764,"depth":251,"text":163866},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163773,"depth":251,"text":163868},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163784,"depth":251,"text":163870},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163795,"depth":251,"text":163796},{"id":2024,"depth":88,"text":2025},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161393,"description":163873},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944956478]