[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164366},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained":3,"nav-reference":2548},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2541,"extension":2542,"meta":2543,"navigation":126,"path":2544,"seo":2545,"stem":2546,"__hash__":2547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2502},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,60,71,76,220,224,227,240,243,356,359,438,445,449,452,476,479,496,499,501,567,569,587,598,605,609,612,621,672,674,695,699,751,753,775,779,834,836,857,861,916,918,939,943,996,998,1029,1033,1036,1039,1043,1100,1102,1124,1128,1181,1183,1208,1215,1219,1224,1245,1248,1312,1314,1335,1338,1399,1401,1422,1425,1468,1471,1475,1481,1485,1570,1572,1607,1611,1686,1688,1716,1720,1768,1770,1779,1786,1790,1793,1810,1812,1900,1902,1928,1931,1974,1984,1988,1991,2007,2010,2014,2068,2070,2090,2096,2100,2103,2141,2144,2195,2199,2272,2274,2311,2314,2318,2321,2341,2344,2415,2418,2432,2436,2440,2443,2447,2450,2457,2460,2467,2472,2476,2498],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,18,19],{},"Use this format:",[21,22,27],"pre",{"className":23,"code":24,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","tuple[start:stop:step]\n","python","",[28,29,30],"code",{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32,35,39,43,46,49,52,54,57],"span",{"class":33,"line":34},"line",1,[31,36,38],{"class":37},"su5hD","tuple",[31,40,42],{"class":41},"sP7_E","[",[31,44,45],{"class":37},"start",[31,47,48],{"class":41},":",[31,50,51],{"class":37},"stop",[31,53,48],{"class":41},[31,55,56],{"class":37},"step",[31,58,59],{"class":41},"]\n",[14,61,62,63,65,66,70],{},"The ",[28,64,51],{}," position is ",[67,68,69],"strong",{},"not included",".",[72,73,75],"h2",{"id":74},"quick-example","Quick example",[21,77,79],{"className":23,"code":78,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[28,80,81,121,128,159,179,199],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82,83,86,90,93,97,100,103,105,108,110,113,115,118],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84,85],{"class":37},"numbers ",[31,87,89],{"class":88},"smGrS","=",[31,91,92],{"class":41}," (",[31,94,96],{"class":95},"srdBf","10",[31,98,99],{"class":41},",",[31,101,102],{"class":95}," 20",[31,104,99],{"class":41},[31,106,107],{"class":95}," 30",[31,109,99],{"class":41},[31,111,112],{"class":95}," 40",[31,114,99],{"class":41},[31,116,117],{"class":95}," 50",[31,119,120],{"class":41},")\n",[31,122,124],{"class":33,"line":123},2,[31,125,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},true,"\n",[31,129,131,135,138,142,144,147,149,152,155],{"class":33,"line":130},3,[31,132,134],{"class":133},"sptTA","print",[31,136,137],{"class":41},"(",[31,139,141],{"class":140},"slqww","numbers",[31,143,42],{"class":41},[31,145,146],{"class":95},"1",[31,148,48],{"class":41},[31,150,151],{"class":95},"4",[31,153,154],{"class":41},"])",[31,156,158],{"class":157},"sutJx","   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[31,160,162,164,166,168,171,174,176],{"class":33,"line":161},4,[31,163,134],{"class":133},[31,165,137],{"class":41},[31,167,141],{"class":140},[31,169,170],{"class":41},"[:",[31,172,173],{"class":95},"3",[31,175,154],{"class":41},[31,177,178],{"class":157},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[31,180,182,184,186,188,191,194,196],{"class":33,"line":181},5,[31,183,134],{"class":133},[31,185,137],{"class":41},[31,187,141],{"class":140},[31,189,190],{"class":41},"[::",[31,192,193],{"class":95},"2",[31,195,154],{"class":41},[31,197,198],{"class":157},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[31,200,202,204,206,208,210,213,215,217],{"class":33,"line":201},6,[31,203,134],{"class":133},[31,205,137],{"class":41},[31,207,141],{"class":140},[31,209,190],{"class":41},[31,211,212],{"class":88},"-",[31,214,146],{"class":95},[31,216,154],{"class":41},[31,218,219],{"class":157},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[72,221,223],{"id":222},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,225,226],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[228,229,230,234,237],"ul",{},[231,232,233],"li",{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[231,235,236],{},"The result is a new tuple",[231,238,239],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,241,242],{},"Example:",[21,244,246],{"className":23,"code":245,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[28,247,248,306,310,330,334,345],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,249,250,253,255,257,261,265,267,269,272,275,277,279,281,284,286,288,290,293,295,297,299,302,304],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,251,252],{"class":37},"letters ",[31,254,89],{"class":88},[31,256,92],{"class":41},[31,258,260],{"class":259},"sjJ54","\"",[31,262,264],{"class":263},"s_sjI","a",[31,266,260],{"class":259},[31,268,99],{"class":41},[31,270,271],{"class":259}," \"",[31,273,274],{"class":263},"b",[31,276,260],{"class":259},[31,278,99],{"class":41},[31,280,271],{"class":259},[31,282,283],{"class":263},"c",[31,285,260],{"class":259},[31,287,99],{"class":41},[31,289,271],{"class":259},[31,291,292],{"class":263},"d",[31,294,260],{"class":259},[31,296,99],{"class":41},[31,298,271],{"class":259},[31,300,301],{"class":263},"e",[31,303,260],{"class":259},[31,305,120],{"class":41},[31,307,308],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,309,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,311,312,315,317,320,322,324,326,328],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,313,314],{"class":37},"part ",[31,316,89],{"class":88},[31,318,319],{"class":37}," letters",[31,321,42],{"class":41},[31,323,146],{"class":95},[31,325,48],{"class":41},[31,327,151],{"class":95},[31,329,59],{"class":41},[31,331,332],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,333,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,335,336,338,340,343],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,337,134],{"class":133},[31,339,137],{"class":41},[31,341,342],{"class":140},"part",[31,344,120],{"class":41},[31,346,347,349,351,354],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,348,134],{"class":133},[31,350,137],{"class":41},[31,352,353],{"class":140},"letters",[31,355,120],{"class":41},[14,357,358],{},"Output:",[21,360,362],{"className":23,"code":361,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[28,363,364,394],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,365,366,368,371,373,375,377,380,382,384,386,388,390,392],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,367,137],{"class":41},[31,369,370],{"class":259},"'",[31,372,274],{"class":263},[31,374,370],{"class":259},[31,376,99],{"class":41},[31,378,379],{"class":259}," '",[31,381,283],{"class":263},[31,383,370],{"class":259},[31,385,99],{"class":41},[31,387,379],{"class":259},[31,389,292],{"class":263},[31,391,370],{"class":259},[31,393,120],{"class":41},[31,395,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,426,428,430,432,434,436],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,397,137],{"class":41},[31,399,370],{"class":259},[31,401,264],{"class":263},[31,403,370],{"class":259},[31,405,99],{"class":41},[31,407,379],{"class":259},[31,409,274],{"class":263},[31,411,370],{"class":259},[31,413,99],{"class":41},[31,415,379],{"class":259},[31,417,283],{"class":263},[31,419,370],{"class":259},[31,421,99],{"class":41},[31,423,379],{"class":259},[31,425,292],{"class":263},[31,427,370],{"class":259},[31,429,99],{"class":41},[31,431,379],{"class":259},[31,433,301],{"class":263},[31,435,370],{"class":259},[31,437,120],{"class":41},[14,439,440,441,70],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[264,442,444],{"href":443},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained","Python tuples explained",[72,446,448],{"id":447},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,450,451],{},"The full syntax is:",[21,453,455],{"className":23,"code":454,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[28,456,457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,458,459,462,464,466,468,470,472,474],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,460,461],{"class":37},"my_tuple",[31,463,42],{"class":41},[31,465,45],{"class":37},[31,467,48],{"class":41},[31,469,51],{"class":37},[31,471,48],{"class":41},[31,473,56],{"class":37},[31,475,59],{"class":41},[14,477,478],{},"Each part has a job:",[228,480,481,486,491],{},[231,482,483,485],{},[28,484,45],{},": where slicing begins",[231,487,488,490],{},[28,489,51],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[231,492,493,495],{},[28,494,56],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,497,498],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,500,242],{},[21,502,504],{"className":23,"code":503,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[28,505,506,539,543],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,507,508,510,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,537],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,509,85],{"class":37},[31,511,89],{"class":88},[31,513,92],{"class":41},[31,515,96],{"class":95},[31,517,99],{"class":41},[31,519,102],{"class":95},[31,521,99],{"class":41},[31,523,107],{"class":95},[31,525,99],{"class":41},[31,527,112],{"class":95},[31,529,99],{"class":41},[31,531,117],{"class":95},[31,533,99],{"class":41},[31,535,536],{"class":95}," 60",[31,538,120],{"class":41},[31,540,541],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,542,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,544,545,547,549,551,553,555,557,560,562,564],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,546,134],{"class":133},[31,548,137],{"class":41},[31,550,141],{"class":140},[31,552,42],{"class":41},[31,554,146],{"class":95},[31,556,48],{"class":41},[31,558,559],{"class":95},"5",[31,561,48],{"class":41},[31,563,193],{"class":95},[31,565,566],{"class":41},"])\n",[14,568,358],{},[21,570,572],{"className":23,"code":571,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(20, 40)\n",[28,573,574],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,575,576,578,581,583,585],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,577,137],{"class":41},[31,579,580],{"class":95},"20",[31,582,99],{"class":41},[31,584,112],{"class":95},[31,586,120],{"class":41},[14,588,589,590,592,593,595,596,70],{},"This starts at index ",[28,591,146],{},", stops before index ",[28,594,559],{},", and moves by ",[28,597,193],{},[14,599,600,601,70],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[264,602,604],{"href":603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","Python tuple indexing explained",[72,606,608],{"id":607},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,610,611],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[613,614,616,617,620],"h3",{"id":615},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[28,618,619],{},"n"," items",[21,622,624],{"className":23,"code":623,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[28,625,626,654,658],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,627,628,630,632,634,636,638,640,642,644,646,648,650,652],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,629,85],{"class":37},[31,631,89],{"class":88},[31,633,92],{"class":41},[31,635,96],{"class":95},[31,637,99],{"class":41},[31,639,102],{"class":95},[31,641,99],{"class":41},[31,643,107],{"class":95},[31,645,99],{"class":41},[31,647,112],{"class":95},[31,649,99],{"class":41},[31,651,117],{"class":95},[31,653,120],{"class":41},[31,655,656],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,657,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,659,660,662,664,666,668,670],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,661,134],{"class":133},[31,663,137],{"class":41},[31,665,141],{"class":140},[31,667,170],{"class":41},[31,669,173],{"class":95},[31,671,566],{"class":41},[14,673,358],{},[21,675,677],{"className":23,"code":676,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[28,678,679],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,680,681,683,685,687,689,691,693],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,682,137],{"class":41},[31,684,96],{"class":95},[31,686,99],{"class":41},[31,688,102],{"class":95},[31,690,99],{"class":41},[31,692,107],{"class":95},[31,694,120],{"class":41},[613,696,698],{"id":697},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[21,700,702],{"className":23,"code":701,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[28,703,704,732,736],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,705,706,708,710,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,730],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,707,85],{"class":37},[31,709,89],{"class":88},[31,711,92],{"class":41},[31,713,96],{"class":95},[31,715,99],{"class":41},[31,717,102],{"class":95},[31,719,99],{"class":41},[31,721,107],{"class":95},[31,723,99],{"class":41},[31,725,112],{"class":95},[31,727,99],{"class":41},[31,729,117],{"class":95},[31,731,120],{"class":41},[31,733,734],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,735,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,737,738,740,742,744,746,748],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,739,134],{"class":133},[31,741,137],{"class":41},[31,743,141],{"class":140},[31,745,42],{"class":41},[31,747,193],{"class":95},[31,749,750],{"class":41},":])\n",[14,752,358],{},[21,754,756],{"className":23,"code":755,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[28,757,758],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,759,760,762,765,767,769,771,773],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,761,137],{"class":41},[31,763,764],{"class":95},"30",[31,766,99],{"class":41},[31,768,112],{"class":95},[31,770,99],{"class":41},[31,772,117],{"class":95},[31,774,120],{"class":41},[613,776,778],{"id":777},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[21,780,782],{"className":23,"code":781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[28,783,784,812,816],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,785,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,808,810],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,787,85],{"class":37},[31,789,89],{"class":88},[31,791,92],{"class":41},[31,793,96],{"class":95},[31,795,99],{"class":41},[31,797,102],{"class":95},[31,799,99],{"class":41},[31,801,107],{"class":95},[31,803,99],{"class":41},[31,805,112],{"class":95},[31,807,99],{"class":41},[31,809,117],{"class":95},[31,811,120],{"class":41},[31,813,814],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,815,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,817,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,819,134],{"class":133},[31,821,137],{"class":41},[31,823,141],{"class":140},[31,825,42],{"class":41},[31,827,146],{"class":95},[31,829,48],{"class":41},[31,831,151],{"class":95},[31,833,566],{"class":41},[14,835,358],{},[21,837,839],{"className":23,"code":838,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[28,840,841],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,842,843,845,847,849,851,853,855],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,844,137],{"class":41},[31,846,580],{"class":95},[31,848,99],{"class":41},[31,850,107],{"class":95},[31,852,99],{"class":41},[31,854,112],{"class":95},[31,856,120],{"class":41},[613,858,860],{"id":859},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[21,862,864],{"className":23,"code":863,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[28,865,866,898,902],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,867,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,869,85],{"class":37},[31,871,89],{"class":88},[31,873,92],{"class":41},[31,875,96],{"class":95},[31,877,99],{"class":41},[31,879,102],{"class":95},[31,881,99],{"class":41},[31,883,107],{"class":95},[31,885,99],{"class":41},[31,887,112],{"class":95},[31,889,99],{"class":41},[31,891,117],{"class":95},[31,893,99],{"class":41},[31,895,536],{"class":95},[31,897,120],{"class":41},[31,899,900],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,901,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,903,904,906,908,910,912,914],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,905,134],{"class":133},[31,907,137],{"class":41},[31,909,141],{"class":140},[31,911,190],{"class":41},[31,913,193],{"class":95},[31,915,566],{"class":41},[14,917,358],{},[21,919,921],{"className":23,"code":920,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[28,922,923],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,924,925,927,929,931,933,935,937],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,926,137],{"class":41},[31,928,96],{"class":95},[31,930,99],{"class":41},[31,932,107],{"class":95},[31,934,99],{"class":41},[31,936,117],{"class":95},[31,938,120],{"class":41},[613,940,942],{"id":941},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[21,944,946],{"className":23,"code":945,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[28,947,948,976,980],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,949,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968,970,972,974],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,951,85],{"class":37},[31,953,89],{"class":88},[31,955,92],{"class":41},[31,957,96],{"class":95},[31,959,99],{"class":41},[31,961,102],{"class":95},[31,963,99],{"class":41},[31,965,107],{"class":95},[31,967,99],{"class":41},[31,969,112],{"class":95},[31,971,99],{"class":41},[31,973,117],{"class":95},[31,975,120],{"class":41},[31,977,978],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,979,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,981,982,984,986,988,990,992,994],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,983,134],{"class":133},[31,985,137],{"class":41},[31,987,141],{"class":140},[31,989,190],{"class":41},[31,991,212],{"class":88},[31,993,146],{"class":95},[31,995,566],{"class":41},[14,997,358],{},[21,999,1001],{"className":23,"code":1000,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[28,1002,1003],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1004,1005,1007,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1027],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1006,137],{"class":41},[31,1008,1009],{"class":95},"50",[31,1011,99],{"class":41},[31,1013,112],{"class":95},[31,1015,99],{"class":41},[31,1017,107],{"class":95},[31,1019,99],{"class":41},[31,1021,102],{"class":95},[31,1023,99],{"class":41},[31,1025,1026],{"class":95}," 10",[31,1028,120],{"class":41},[72,1030,1032],{"id":1031},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,1034,1035],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[14,1037,1038],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[613,1040,1042],{"id":1041},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[21,1044,1046],{"className":23,"code":1045,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[28,1047,1048,1080,1084],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1049,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1051,85],{"class":37},[31,1053,89],{"class":88},[31,1055,92],{"class":41},[31,1057,96],{"class":95},[31,1059,99],{"class":41},[31,1061,102],{"class":95},[31,1063,99],{"class":41},[31,1065,107],{"class":95},[31,1067,99],{"class":41},[31,1069,112],{"class":95},[31,1071,99],{"class":41},[31,1073,117],{"class":95},[31,1075,99],{"class":41},[31,1077,536],{"class":95},[31,1079,120],{"class":41},[31,1081,1082],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1083,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1085,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1087,134],{"class":133},[31,1089,137],{"class":41},[31,1091,141],{"class":140},[31,1093,42],{"class":41},[31,1095,212],{"class":88},[31,1097,173],{"class":95},[31,1099,750],{"class":41},[14,1101,358],{},[21,1103,1105],{"className":23,"code":1104,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[28,1106,1107],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1108,1109,1111,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1110,137],{"class":41},[31,1112,1113],{"class":95},"40",[31,1115,99],{"class":41},[31,1117,117],{"class":95},[31,1119,99],{"class":41},[31,1121,536],{"class":95},[31,1123,120],{"class":41},[613,1125,1127],{"id":1126},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[21,1129,1131],{"className":23,"code":1130,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[28,1132,1133,1161,1165],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1134,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1136,85],{"class":37},[31,1138,89],{"class":88},[31,1140,92],{"class":41},[31,1142,96],{"class":95},[31,1144,99],{"class":41},[31,1146,102],{"class":95},[31,1148,99],{"class":41},[31,1150,107],{"class":95},[31,1152,99],{"class":41},[31,1154,112],{"class":95},[31,1156,99],{"class":41},[31,1158,117],{"class":95},[31,1160,120],{"class":41},[31,1162,1163],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1164,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1166,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1168,134],{"class":133},[31,1170,137],{"class":41},[31,1172,141],{"class":140},[31,1174,170],{"class":41},[31,1176,212],{"class":88},[31,1178,146],{"class":95},[31,1180,566],{"class":41},[14,1182,358],{},[21,1184,1186],{"className":23,"code":1185,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[28,1187,1188],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1189,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1191,137],{"class":41},[31,1193,96],{"class":95},[31,1195,99],{"class":41},[31,1197,102],{"class":95},[31,1199,99],{"class":41},[31,1201,107],{"class":95},[31,1203,99],{"class":41},[31,1205,112],{"class":95},[31,1207,120],{"class":41},[14,1209,1210,1211,70],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[264,1212,1214],{"href":1213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","Python tuple length with len()",[72,1216,1218],{"id":1217},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,1220,62,1221,1223],{},[28,1222,56],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[228,1225,1226,1229,1232,1238],{},[231,1227,1228],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[231,1230,1231],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[231,1233,1234,1237],{},[28,1235,1236],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[231,1239,1240,1241,1244],{},"A step of ",[28,1242,1243],{},"0"," is not allowed",[14,1246,1247],{},"Example with a positive step:",[21,1249,1251],{"className":23,"code":1250,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[28,1252,1253,1285,1289],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1254,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1256,85],{"class":37},[31,1258,89],{"class":88},[31,1260,92],{"class":41},[31,1262,96],{"class":95},[31,1264,99],{"class":41},[31,1266,102],{"class":95},[31,1268,99],{"class":41},[31,1270,107],{"class":95},[31,1272,99],{"class":41},[31,1274,112],{"class":95},[31,1276,99],{"class":41},[31,1278,117],{"class":95},[31,1280,99],{"class":41},[31,1282,536],{"class":95},[31,1284,120],{"class":41},[31,1286,1287],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1288,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1290,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1306,1308,1310],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1292,134],{"class":133},[31,1294,137],{"class":41},[31,1296,141],{"class":140},[31,1298,42],{"class":41},[31,1300,146],{"class":95},[31,1302,48],{"class":41},[31,1304,1305],{"class":95},"6",[31,1307,48],{"class":41},[31,1309,193],{"class":95},[31,1311,566],{"class":41},[14,1313,358],{},[21,1315,1317],{"className":23,"code":1316,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[28,1318,1319],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1320,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1322,137],{"class":41},[31,1324,580],{"class":95},[31,1326,99],{"class":41},[31,1328,112],{"class":95},[31,1330,99],{"class":41},[31,1332,536],{"class":95},[31,1334,120],{"class":41},[14,1336,1337],{},"Example with a negative step:",[21,1339,1341],{"className":23,"code":1340,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[28,1342,1343,1371,1375],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1344,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1346,85],{"class":37},[31,1348,89],{"class":88},[31,1350,92],{"class":41},[31,1352,96],{"class":95},[31,1354,99],{"class":41},[31,1356,102],{"class":95},[31,1358,99],{"class":41},[31,1360,107],{"class":95},[31,1362,99],{"class":41},[31,1364,112],{"class":95},[31,1366,99],{"class":41},[31,1368,117],{"class":95},[31,1370,120],{"class":41},[31,1372,1373],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1374,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1376,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1378,134],{"class":133},[31,1380,137],{"class":41},[31,1382,141],{"class":140},[31,1384,42],{"class":41},[31,1386,151],{"class":95},[31,1388,48],{"class":41},[31,1390,146],{"class":95},[31,1392,48],{"class":41},[31,1394,212],{"class":88},[31,1396,146],{"class":95},[31,1398,566],{"class":41},[14,1400,358],{},[21,1402,1404],{"className":23,"code":1403,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[28,1405,1406],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1407,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1409,137],{"class":41},[31,1411,1009],{"class":95},[31,1413,99],{"class":41},[31,1415,112],{"class":95},[31,1417,99],{"class":41},[31,1419,107],{"class":95},[31,1421,120],{"class":41},[14,1423,1424],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[21,1426,1428],{"className":23,"code":1427,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[28,1429,1430,1450,1454],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1431,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1433,85],{"class":37},[31,1435,89],{"class":88},[31,1437,92],{"class":41},[31,1439,96],{"class":95},[31,1441,99],{"class":41},[31,1443,102],{"class":95},[31,1445,99],{"class":41},[31,1447,107],{"class":95},[31,1449,120],{"class":41},[31,1451,1452],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1453,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1455,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1457,134],{"class":133},[31,1459,137],{"class":41},[31,1461,141],{"class":140},[31,1463,190],{"class":41},[31,1465,1243],{"class":95},[31,1467,566],{"class":41},[14,1469,1470],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[72,1472,1474],{"id":1473},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,1476,1477,1478,1480],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[67,1479,38],{},", not a list.",[613,1482,1484],{"id":1483},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[21,1486,1488],{"className":23,"code":1487,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,1489,1490,1514,1518,1538,1542,1553],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1491,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1493,85],{"class":37},[31,1495,89],{"class":88},[31,1497,92],{"class":41},[31,1499,96],{"class":95},[31,1501,99],{"class":41},[31,1503,102],{"class":95},[31,1505,99],{"class":41},[31,1507,107],{"class":95},[31,1509,99],{"class":41},[31,1511,112],{"class":95},[31,1513,120],{"class":41},[31,1515,1516],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1517,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1519,1520,1523,1525,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1521,1522],{"class":37},"result ",[31,1524,89],{"class":88},[31,1526,1527],{"class":37}," numbers",[31,1529,42],{"class":41},[31,1531,146],{"class":95},[31,1533,48],{"class":41},[31,1535,173],{"class":95},[31,1537,59],{"class":41},[31,1539,1540],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,1541,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1543,1544,1546,1548,1551],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,1545,134],{"class":133},[31,1547,137],{"class":41},[31,1549,1550],{"class":140},"result",[31,1552,120],{"class":41},[31,1554,1555,1557,1559,1563,1565,1567],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,1556,134],{"class":133},[31,1558,137],{"class":41},[31,1560,1562],{"class":1561},"sZMiF","type",[31,1564,137],{"class":41},[31,1566,1550],{"class":140},[31,1568,1569],{"class":41},"))\n",[14,1571,358],{},[21,1573,1575],{"className":23,"code":1574,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[28,1576,1577,1589],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1578,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1580,137],{"class":41},[31,1582,580],{"class":95},[31,1584,99],{"class":41},[31,1586,107],{"class":95},[31,1588,120],{"class":41},[31,1590,1591,1594,1598,1600,1602,1604],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1592,1593],{"class":88},"\u003C",[31,1595,1597],{"class":1596},"sbsja","class",[31,1599,379],{"class":259},[31,1601,38],{"class":263},[31,1603,370],{"class":259},[31,1605,1606],{"class":88},">\n",[613,1608,1610],{"id":1609},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[21,1612,1614],{"className":23,"code":1613,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,1615,1616,1636,1640,1658,1662,1672],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1617,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1619,85],{"class":37},[31,1621,89],{"class":88},[31,1623,92],{"class":41},[31,1625,96],{"class":95},[31,1627,99],{"class":41},[31,1629,102],{"class":95},[31,1631,99],{"class":41},[31,1633,107],{"class":95},[31,1635,120],{"class":41},[31,1637,1638],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1639,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1641,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1643,1522],{"class":37},[31,1645,89],{"class":88},[31,1647,1527],{"class":37},[31,1649,42],{"class":41},[31,1651,146],{"class":95},[31,1653,48],{"class":41},[31,1655,193],{"class":95},[31,1657,59],{"class":41},[31,1659,1660],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,1661,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1663,1664,1666,1668,1670],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,1665,134],{"class":133},[31,1667,137],{"class":41},[31,1669,1550],{"class":140},[31,1671,120],{"class":41},[31,1673,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,1675,134],{"class":133},[31,1677,137],{"class":41},[31,1679,1562],{"class":1561},[31,1681,137],{"class":41},[31,1683,1550],{"class":140},[31,1685,1569],{"class":41},[14,1687,358],{},[21,1689,1691],{"className":23,"code":1690,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[28,1692,1693,1702],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1694,1695,1697,1699],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1696,137],{"class":41},[31,1698,580],{"class":95},[31,1700,1701],{"class":41},",)\n",[31,1703,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1705,1593],{"class":88},[31,1707,1597],{"class":1596},[31,1709,379],{"class":259},[31,1711,38],{"class":263},[31,1713,370],{"class":259},[31,1715,1606],{"class":88},[613,1717,1719],{"id":1718},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[21,1721,1723],{"className":23,"code":1722,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[28,1724,1725,1745,1749],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1726,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1728,85],{"class":37},[31,1730,89],{"class":88},[31,1732,92],{"class":41},[31,1734,96],{"class":95},[31,1736,99],{"class":41},[31,1738,102],{"class":95},[31,1740,99],{"class":41},[31,1742,107],{"class":95},[31,1744,120],{"class":41},[31,1746,1747],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1748,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1750,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1766],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1752,134],{"class":133},[31,1754,137],{"class":41},[31,1756,141],{"class":140},[31,1758,42],{"class":41},[31,1760,559],{"class":95},[31,1762,48],{"class":41},[31,1764,1765],{"class":95},"8",[31,1767,566],{"class":41},[14,1769,358],{},[21,1771,1773],{"className":23,"code":1772,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"()\n",[28,1774,1775],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1776,1777],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1778,1772],{"class":41},[14,1780,1781,1782,70],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[264,1783,1785],{"href":1784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","Python tuple: creating a tuple",[72,1787,1789],{"id":1788},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,1791,1792],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[228,1794,1795,1798,1801,1807],{},[231,1796,1797],{},"Indexing gets one item",[231,1799,1800],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[231,1802,1803,1804],{},"Indexing can raise ",[28,1805,1806],{},"IndexError",[231,1808,1809],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,1811,242],{},[21,1813,1815],{"className":23,"code":1814,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[28,1816,1817,1837,1841,1858,1879],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1818,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1820,85],{"class":37},[31,1822,89],{"class":88},[31,1824,92],{"class":41},[31,1826,96],{"class":95},[31,1828,99],{"class":41},[31,1830,102],{"class":95},[31,1832,99],{"class":41},[31,1834,107],{"class":95},[31,1836,120],{"class":41},[31,1838,1839],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1840,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1842,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1844,134],{"class":133},[31,1846,137],{"class":41},[31,1848,141],{"class":140},[31,1850,42],{"class":41},[31,1852,146],{"class":95},[31,1854,154],{"class":41},[31,1856,1857],{"class":157},"    # one item\n",[31,1859,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870,1872,1874,1876],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,1861,134],{"class":133},[31,1863,137],{"class":41},[31,1865,141],{"class":140},[31,1867,42],{"class":41},[31,1869,146],{"class":95},[31,1871,48],{"class":41},[31,1873,559],{"class":95},[31,1875,154],{"class":41},[31,1877,1878],{"class":157},"  # slice\n",[31,1880,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,1882,134],{"class":133},[31,1884,137],{"class":41},[31,1886,141],{"class":140},[31,1888,42],{"class":41},[31,1890,559],{"class":95},[31,1892,48],{"class":41},[31,1894,1765],{"class":95},[31,1896,154],{"class":41},[31,1898,1899],{"class":157},"  # empty slice\n",[14,1901,358],{},[21,1903,1905],{"className":23,"code":1904,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[28,1906,1907,1912,1924],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1908,1909],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1910,1911],{"class":95},"20\n",[31,1913,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1915,137],{"class":41},[31,1917,580],{"class":95},[31,1919,99],{"class":41},[31,1921,107],{"class":95},[31,1923,120],{"class":41},[31,1925,1926],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1927,1772],{"class":41},[14,1929,1930],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[21,1932,1934],{"className":23,"code":1933,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[28,1935,1936,1956,1960],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,1937,1938,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950,1952,1954],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,1939,85],{"class":37},[31,1941,89],{"class":88},[31,1943,92],{"class":41},[31,1945,96],{"class":95},[31,1947,99],{"class":41},[31,1949,102],{"class":95},[31,1951,99],{"class":41},[31,1953,107],{"class":95},[31,1955,120],{"class":41},[31,1957,1958],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,1959,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,1961,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,1963,134],{"class":133},[31,1965,137],{"class":41},[31,1967,141],{"class":140},[31,1969,42],{"class":41},[31,1971,559],{"class":95},[31,1973,566],{"class":41},[14,1975,1976,1977,1979,1980,70],{},"This raises an ",[28,1978,1806],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[264,1981,1983],{"href":1982},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix","IndexError: tuple index out of range",[72,1985,1987],{"id":1986},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid","Beginner mistakes to avoid",[14,1989,1990],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[228,1992,1993,1996,1999,2002],{},[231,1994,1995],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[231,1997,1998],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[231,2000,2001],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[231,2003,2004,2005],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[28,2006,1243],{},[14,2008,2009],{},"Here are a few examples.",[613,2011,2013],{"id":2012},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[21,2015,2016],{"className":23,"code":781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,2017,2018,2046,2050],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2019,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2021,85],{"class":37},[31,2023,89],{"class":88},[31,2025,92],{"class":41},[31,2027,96],{"class":95},[31,2029,99],{"class":41},[31,2031,102],{"class":95},[31,2033,99],{"class":41},[31,2035,107],{"class":95},[31,2037,99],{"class":41},[31,2039,112],{"class":95},[31,2041,99],{"class":41},[31,2043,117],{"class":95},[31,2045,120],{"class":41},[31,2047,2048],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2049,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,2051,2052,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2053,134],{"class":133},[31,2055,137],{"class":41},[31,2057,141],{"class":140},[31,2059,42],{"class":41},[31,2061,146],{"class":95},[31,2063,48],{"class":41},[31,2065,151],{"class":95},[31,2067,566],{"class":41},[14,2069,358],{},[21,2071,2072],{"className":23,"code":838,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,2073,2074],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2075,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2077,137],{"class":41},[31,2079,580],{"class":95},[31,2081,99],{"class":41},[31,2083,107],{"class":95},[31,2085,99],{"class":41},[31,2087,112],{"class":95},[31,2089,120],{"class":41},[14,2091,2092,2093,2095],{},"Index ",[28,2094,151],{}," is not included.",[613,2097,2099],{"id":2098},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,2101,2102],{},"This is wrong:",[21,2104,2106],{"className":23,"code":2105,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[28,2107,2108,2132,2136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2109,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2111,85],{"class":37},[31,2113,89],{"class":88},[31,2115,92],{"class":41},[31,2117,96],{"class":95},[31,2119,99],{"class":41},[31,2121,102],{"class":95},[31,2123,99],{"class":41},[31,2125,107],{"class":95},[31,2127,99],{"class":41},[31,2129,112],{"class":95},[31,2131,120],{"class":41},[31,2133,2134],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2135,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,2137,2138],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2139,2140],{"class":157},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,2142,2143],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[21,2145,2147],{"className":23,"code":2146,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[28,2148,2149,2173,2177],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2150,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2152,85],{"class":37},[31,2154,89],{"class":88},[31,2156,92],{"class":41},[31,2158,96],{"class":95},[31,2160,99],{"class":41},[31,2162,102],{"class":95},[31,2164,99],{"class":41},[31,2166,107],{"class":95},[31,2168,99],{"class":41},[31,2170,112],{"class":95},[31,2172,120],{"class":41},[31,2174,2175],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2176,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,2178,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2180,134],{"class":133},[31,2182,137],{"class":41},[31,2184,141],{"class":140},[31,2186,42],{"class":41},[31,2188,146],{"class":95},[31,2190,48],{"class":41},[31,2192,173],{"class":95},[31,2194,566],{"class":41},[613,2196,2198],{"id":2197},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[21,2200,2202],{"className":23,"code":2201,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,2203,2204,2228,2232,2247,2251,2262],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2205,2206,2208,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220,2222,2224,2226],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2207,85],{"class":37},[31,2209,89],{"class":88},[31,2211,92],{"class":41},[31,2213,96],{"class":95},[31,2215,99],{"class":41},[31,2217,102],{"class":95},[31,2219,99],{"class":41},[31,2221,107],{"class":95},[31,2223,99],{"class":41},[31,2225,112],{"class":95},[31,2227,120],{"class":41},[31,2229,2230],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2231,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,2233,2234,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2235,2236],{"class":37},"slice_result ",[31,2238,89],{"class":88},[31,2240,1527],{"class":37},[31,2242,170],{"class":41},[31,2244,193],{"class":95},[31,2246,59],{"class":41},[31,2248,2249],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,2250,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,2252,2253,2255,2257,2260],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,2254,134],{"class":133},[31,2256,137],{"class":41},[31,2258,2259],{"class":140},"slice_result",[31,2261,120],{"class":41},[31,2263,2264,2266,2268,2270],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,2265,134],{"class":133},[31,2267,137],{"class":41},[31,2269,141],{"class":140},[31,2271,120],{"class":41},[14,2273,358],{},[21,2275,2277],{"className":23,"code":2276,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[28,2278,2279,2291],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2280,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2282,137],{"class":41},[31,2284,96],{"class":95},[31,2286,99],{"class":41},[31,2288,102],{"class":95},[31,2290,120],{"class":41},[31,2292,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301,2303,2305,2307,2309],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2294,137],{"class":41},[31,2296,96],{"class":95},[31,2298,99],{"class":41},[31,2300,102],{"class":95},[31,2302,99],{"class":41},[31,2304,107],{"class":95},[31,2306,99],{"class":41},[31,2308,112],{"class":95},[31,2310,120],{"class":41},[14,2312,2313],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[72,2315,2317],{"id":2316},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,2319,2320],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[228,2322,2323,2326,2329,2335,2338],{},[231,2324,2325],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[231,2327,2328],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[231,2330,2331,2332],{},"Using a zero step like ",[28,2333,2334],{},"tuple[::0]",[231,2336,2337],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[231,2339,2340],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,2342,2343],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[21,2345,2347],{"className":23,"code":2346,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[28,2348,2349,2359,2377,2400],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2350,2351,2353,2355,2357],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2352,134],{"class":133},[31,2354,137],{"class":41},[31,2356,461],{"class":140},[31,2358,120],{"class":41},[31,2360,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2362,134],{"class":133},[31,2364,137],{"class":41},[31,2366,461],{"class":140},[31,2368,42],{"class":41},[31,2370,146],{"class":95},[31,2372,48],{"class":41},[31,2374,151],{"class":95},[31,2376,566],{"class":41},[31,2378,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395,2397],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2380,134],{"class":133},[31,2382,137],{"class":41},[31,2384,1562],{"class":1561},[31,2386,137],{"class":41},[31,2388,461],{"class":140},[31,2390,42],{"class":41},[31,2392,146],{"class":95},[31,2394,48],{"class":41},[31,2396,151],{"class":95},[31,2398,2399],{"class":41},"]))\n",[31,2401,2402,2404,2406,2409,2411,2413],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,2403,134],{"class":133},[31,2405,137],{"class":41},[31,2407,2408],{"class":133},"len",[31,2410,137],{"class":41},[31,2412,461],{"class":140},[31,2414,1569],{"class":41},[14,2416,2417],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[228,2419,2420,2423,2426,2429],{},[231,2421,2422],{},"what the tuple contains",[231,2424,2425],{},"what the slice actually returns",[231,2427,2428],{},"that the result is a tuple",[231,2430,2431],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[72,2433,2435],{"id":2434},"faq","FAQ",[613,2437,2439],{"id":2438},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,2441,2442],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[613,2444,2446],{"id":2445},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,2448,2449],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[613,2451,2453,2454,2456],{"id":2452},"what-does-tuple-1-do","What does ",[28,2455,1236],{}," do?",[14,2458,2459],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[613,2461,2463,2464,2466],{"id":2462},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[28,2465,1806],{},"?",[14,2468,2469,2470,70],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[28,2471,1806],{},[72,2473,2475],{"id":2474},"see-also","See also",[228,2477,2478,2482,2486,2490,2494],{},[231,2479,2480],{},[264,2481,1785],{"href":1784},[231,2483,2484],{},[264,2485,604],{"href":603},[231,2487,2488],{},[264,2489,1214],{"href":1213},[231,2491,2492],{},[264,2493,444],{"href":443},[231,2495,2496],{},[264,2497,1983],{"href":1982},[2499,2500,2501],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":2503},[2504,2505,2506,2507,2515,2519,2520,2525,2526,2531,2532,2540],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":222,"depth":123,"text":223},{"id":447,"depth":123,"text":448},{"id":607,"depth":123,"text":608,"children":2508},[2509,2511,2512,2513,2514],{"id":615,"depth":130,"text":2510},"Get the first n items",{"id":697,"depth":130,"text":698},{"id":777,"depth":130,"text":778},{"id":859,"depth":130,"text":860},{"id":941,"depth":130,"text":942},{"id":1031,"depth":123,"text":1032,"children":2516},[2517,2518],{"id":1041,"depth":130,"text":1042},{"id":1126,"depth":130,"text":1127},{"id":1217,"depth":123,"text":1218},{"id":1473,"depth":123,"text":1474,"children":2521},[2522,2523,2524],{"id":1483,"depth":130,"text":1484},{"id":1609,"depth":130,"text":1610},{"id":1718,"depth":130,"text":1719},{"id":1788,"depth":123,"text":1789},{"id":1986,"depth":123,"text":1987,"children":2527},[2528,2529,2530],{"id":2012,"depth":130,"text":2013},{"id":2098,"depth":130,"text":2099},{"id":2197,"depth":130,"text":2198},{"id":2316,"depth":123,"text":2317},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":2533},[2534,2535,2536,2538],{"id":2438,"depth":130,"text":2439},{"id":2445,"depth":130,"text":2446},{"id":2452,"depth":130,"text":2537},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":2462,"depth":130,"text":2539},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":5,"description":2541},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",[2549,4144,5860,7559,9701,11902,13423,15601,17806,20265,22103,24669,26768,29050,30998,32909,34905,36345,38170,40694,42856,44085,45456,47104,49425,51268,53249,54943,56196,57889,59640,61610,63360,65460,66819,68770,70333,72321,74116,76015,78438,80516,83155,85184,87147,89335,91339,93652,95334,96779,97973,99151,100991,103431,105135,107150,108674,109919,111082,112464,114533,116430,118204,120070,122189,123929,125391,126985,128908,130585,132520,134008,136792,138369,139928,141956,143908,145371,146560,148446,149855,151547,153100,154521,155920,157816,160047,161878],{"id":2550,"title":2551,"body":2552,"description":4138,"extension":2542,"meta":4139,"navigation":126,"path":4140,"seo":4141,"stem":4142,"__hash__":4143},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2553,"toc":4110},[2554,2557,2563,2566,2577,2580,2582,2644,2646,2666,2672,2676,2681,2684,2699,2702,2727,2730,2734,2737,2753,2756,2783,2785,2843,2845,2860,2870,2881,2885,2888,2940,2942,2962,2965,2989,2996,3000,3005,3011,3013,3052,3054,3063,3069,3086,3089,3101,3105,3110,3114,3117,3138,3140,3198,3200,3208,3211,3215,3247,3249,3257,3260,3264,3269,3317,3319,3327,3331,3391,3393,3401,3404,3408,3412,3415,3438,3447,3463,3514,3516,3531,3542,3546,3549,3578,3585,3589,3594,3635,3637,3648,3651,3694,3696,3704,3708,3713,3735,3737,3746,3755,3759,3764,3786,3788,3858,3860,3907,3910,3913,3916,3996,3998,4029,4031,4035,4038,4042,4045,4049,4052,4056,4068,4072,4075,4077,4107],[10,2555,2551],{"id":2556},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2558,62,2559,2562],{},[28,2560,2561],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2564,2565],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[228,2567,2568,2571,2574],{},[231,2569,2570],{},"a number without its negative sign",[231,2572,2573],{},"the distance between two numbers",[231,2575,2576],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2578,2579],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[72,2581,75],{"id":74},[21,2583,2585],{"className":23,"code":2584,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[28,2586,2587,2605,2620],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2588,2589,2591,2593,2596,2598,2600,2603],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2590,134],{"class":133},[31,2592,137],{"class":41},[31,2594,2595],{"class":133},"abs",[31,2597,137],{"class":41},[31,2599,212],{"class":88},[31,2601,2602],{"class":95},"7",[31,2604,1569],{"class":41},[31,2606,2607,2609,2611,2613,2615,2618],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2608,134],{"class":133},[31,2610,137],{"class":41},[31,2612,2595],{"class":133},[31,2614,137],{"class":41},[31,2616,2617],{"class":95},"3.5",[31,2619,1569],{"class":41},[31,2621,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632,2634,2637,2639,2642],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2623,134],{"class":133},[31,2625,137],{"class":41},[31,2627,2595],{"class":133},[31,2629,137],{"class":41},[31,2631,212],{"class":88},[31,2633,193],{"class":95},[31,2635,2636],{"class":88},"+",[31,2638,173],{"class":95},[31,2640,2641],{"class":1596},"j",[31,2643,1569],{"class":41},[14,2645,358],{},[21,2647,2649],{"className":23,"code":2648,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[28,2650,2651,2656,2661],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2652,2653],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2654,2655],{"class":95},"7\n",[31,2657,2658],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2659,2660],{"class":95},"3.5\n",[31,2662,2663],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2664,2665],{"class":95},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2667,2668,2669,2671],{},"Use ",[28,2670,2561],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[72,2673,2675],{"id":2674},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2677,2678,2680],{},[28,2679,2561],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2682,2683],{},"That means:",[228,2685,2686,2689,2692],{},[231,2687,2688],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[231,2690,2691],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[231,2693,2694,2696,2697],{},[28,2695,1243],{}," stays ",[28,2698,1243],{},[14,2700,2701],{},"Examples:",[228,2703,2704,2712,2720],{},[231,2705,2706,2709,2710],{},[28,2707,2708],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[28,2711,559],{},[231,2713,2714,2709,2717],{},[28,2715,2716],{},"abs(9)",[28,2718,2719],{},"9",[231,2721,2722,2709,2725],{},[28,2723,2724],{},"abs(0)",[28,2726,1243],{},[14,2728,2729],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[72,2731,2733],{"id":2732},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2735,2736],{},"The syntax is:",[21,2738,2740],{"className":23,"code":2739,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"abs(x)\n",[28,2741,2742],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2743,2744,2746,2748,2751],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2745,2595],{"class":133},[31,2747,137],{"class":41},[31,2749,2750],{"class":140},"x",[31,2752,120],{"class":41},[14,2754,2755],{},"Here:",[228,2757,2758,2775,2780],{},[231,2759,2760,2762,2763,2766,2767,2770,2771,2774],{},[28,2761,2750],{}," is usually an ",[28,2764,2765],{},"int",", ",[28,2768,2769],{},"float",", or ",[28,2772,2773],{},"complex"," number",[231,2776,2777,2779],{},[28,2778,2561],{}," returns a new value",[231,2781,2782],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2784,242],{},[21,2786,2788],{"className":23,"code":2787,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[28,2789,2790,2803,2819,2823,2833],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2791,2792,2795,2797,2800],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2793,2794],{"class":37},"number ",[31,2796,89],{"class":88},[31,2798,2799],{"class":88}," -",[31,2801,2802],{"class":95},"12\n",[31,2804,2805,2807,2809,2812,2814,2817],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2806,1522],{"class":37},[31,2808,89],{"class":88},[31,2810,2811],{"class":133}," abs",[31,2813,137],{"class":41},[31,2815,2816],{"class":140},"number",[31,2818,120],{"class":41},[31,2820,2821],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2822,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,2824,2825,2827,2829,2831],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,2826,134],{"class":133},[31,2828,137],{"class":41},[31,2830,2816],{"class":140},[31,2832,120],{"class":41},[31,2834,2835,2837,2839,2841],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,2836,134],{"class":133},[31,2838,137],{"class":41},[31,2840,1550],{"class":140},[31,2842,120],{"class":41},[14,2844,358],{},[21,2846,2848],{"className":23,"code":2847,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"-12\n12\n",[28,2849,2850,2856],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2851,2852,2854],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2853,212],{"class":88},[31,2855,2802],{"class":95},[31,2857,2858],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2859,2802],{"class":95},[14,2861,2862,2863,2865,2866,2869],{},"Notice that ",[28,2864,2816],{}," is still ",[28,2867,2868],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2871,2872,2873,2880],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[264,2874,2876,2879],{"href":2875},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[28,2877,2878],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[72,2882,2884],{"id":2883},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2886,2887],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[21,2889,2891],{"className":23,"code":2890,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[28,2892,2893,2909,2923],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2894,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2896,134],{"class":133},[31,2898,137],{"class":41},[31,2900,2595],{"class":133},[31,2902,137],{"class":41},[31,2904,212],{"class":88},[31,2906,96],{"class":95},[31,2908,1569],{"class":41},[31,2910,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2912,134],{"class":133},[31,2914,137],{"class":41},[31,2916,2595],{"class":133},[31,2918,137],{"class":41},[31,2920,1765],{"class":95},[31,2922,1569],{"class":41},[31,2924,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933,2935,2938],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2926,134],{"class":133},[31,2928,137],{"class":41},[31,2930,2595],{"class":133},[31,2932,137],{"class":41},[31,2934,212],{"class":88},[31,2936,2937],{"class":95},"4.2",[31,2939,1569],{"class":41},[14,2941,358],{},[21,2943,2945],{"className":23,"code":2944,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[28,2946,2947,2952,2957],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,2948,2949],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,2950,2951],{"class":95},"10\n",[31,2953,2954],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,2955,2956],{"class":95},"8\n",[31,2958,2959],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,2960,2961],{"class":95},"4.2\n",[14,2963,2964],{},"What each line does:",[228,2966,2967,2975,2982],{},[231,2968,2969,2972,2973],{},[28,2970,2971],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[28,2974,96],{},[231,2976,2977,2972,2980],{},[28,2978,2979],{},"abs(8)",[28,2981,1765],{},[231,2983,2984,2972,2987],{},[28,2985,2986],{},"abs(-4.2)",[28,2988,2937],{},[14,2990,2991,2992,70],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[264,2993,2995],{"href":2994},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[72,2997,2999],{"id":2998},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,3001,3002,3004],{},[28,3003,2561],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,3006,3007,3008,3010],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[28,3009,1243],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,3012,242],{},[21,3014,3016],{"className":23,"code":3015,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[28,3017,3018,3037],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3019,3020,3023,3025,3028,3031,3034],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3021,3022],{"class":37},"value ",[31,3024,89],{"class":88},[31,3026,3027],{"class":95}," 3",[31,3029,3030],{"class":88}," +",[31,3032,3033],{"class":95}," 4",[31,3035,3036],{"class":1596},"j\n",[31,3038,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3050],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3040,134],{"class":133},[31,3042,137],{"class":41},[31,3044,2595],{"class":133},[31,3046,137],{"class":41},[31,3048,3049],{"class":140},"value",[31,3051,1569],{"class":41},[14,3053,358],{},[21,3055,3057],{"className":23,"code":3056,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5.0\n",[28,3058,3059],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3060,3061],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3062,3056],{"class":95},[14,3064,3065,3066,2466],{},"Why ",[28,3067,3068],{},"5.0",[228,3070,3071,3076,3081],{},[231,3072,3073,3074],{},"the real part is ",[28,3075,173],{},[231,3077,3078,3079],{},"the imaginary part is ",[28,3080,151],{},[231,3082,3083,3084],{},"the magnitude is ",[28,3085,3068],{},[14,3087,3088],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[228,3090,3091,3098],{},[231,3092,3093,3095,3096],{},[28,3094,2561],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[28,3097,2769],{},[231,3099,3100],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[72,3102,3104],{"id":3103},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,3106,3107,3108,70],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[28,3109,2561],{},[613,3111,3113],{"id":3112},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,3115,3116],{},"A very common pattern is:",[21,3118,3120],{"className":23,"code":3119,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"abs(a - b)\n",[28,3121,3122],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3123,3124,3126,3128,3131,3133,3136],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3125,2595],{"class":133},[31,3127,137],{"class":41},[31,3129,3130],{"class":140},"a ",[31,3132,212],{"class":88},[31,3134,3135],{"class":140}," b",[31,3137,120],{"class":41},[14,3139,242],{},[21,3141,3143],{"className":23,"code":3142,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[28,3144,3145,3154,3164,3168,3187],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3146,3147,3149,3151],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3148,3130],{"class":37},[31,3150,89],{"class":88},[31,3152,3153],{"class":95}," 3\n",[31,3155,3156,3159,3161],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3157,3158],{"class":37},"b ",[31,3160,89],{"class":88},[31,3162,3163],{"class":95}," 10\n",[31,3165,3166],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3167,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,3169,3170,3173,3175,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,3171,3172],{"class":37},"distance ",[31,3174,89],{"class":88},[31,3176,2811],{"class":133},[31,3178,137],{"class":41},[31,3180,3130],{"class":140},[31,3182,212],{"class":88},[31,3184,3135],{"class":140},[31,3186,120],{"class":41},[31,3188,3189,3191,3193,3196],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,3190,134],{"class":133},[31,3192,137],{"class":41},[31,3194,3195],{"class":140},"distance",[31,3197,120],{"class":41},[14,3199,358],{},[21,3201,3202],{"className":23,"code":2655,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,3203,3204],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3205,3206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3207,2655],{"class":95},[14,3209,3210],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[613,3212,3214],{"id":3213},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[21,3216,3218],{"className":23,"code":3217,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[28,3219,3220,3232],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3221,3222,3225,3227,3229],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3223,3224],{"class":37},"temperature_change ",[31,3226,89],{"class":88},[31,3228,2799],{"class":88},[31,3230,3231],{"class":95},"6\n",[31,3233,3234,3236,3238,3240,3242,3245],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3235,134],{"class":133},[31,3237,137],{"class":41},[31,3239,2595],{"class":133},[31,3241,137],{"class":41},[31,3243,3244],{"class":140},"temperature_change",[31,3246,1569],{"class":41},[14,3248,358],{},[21,3250,3251],{"className":23,"code":3231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,3252,3253],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3254,3255],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3256,3231],{"class":95},[14,3258,3259],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[613,3261,3263],{"id":3262},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,3265,3266,3267,2880],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[28,3268,2561],{},[21,3270,3272],{"className":23,"code":3271,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[28,3273,3274,3286,3302,3306],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3275,3276,3279,3281,3283],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3277,3278],{"class":37},"balance_change ",[31,3280,89],{"class":88},[31,3282,2799],{"class":88},[31,3284,3285],{"class":95},"25\n",[31,3287,3288,3291,3293,3295,3297,3300],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3289,3290],{"class":37},"safe_value ",[31,3292,89],{"class":88},[31,3294,2811],{"class":133},[31,3296,137],{"class":41},[31,3298,3299],{"class":140},"balance_change",[31,3301,120],{"class":41},[31,3303,3304],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3305,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,3307,3308,3310,3312,3315],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,3309,134],{"class":133},[31,3311,137],{"class":41},[31,3313,3314],{"class":140},"safe_value",[31,3316,120],{"class":41},[14,3318,358],{},[21,3320,3321],{"className":23,"code":3285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,3322,3323],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3324,3325],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3326,3285],{"class":95},[613,3328,3330],{"id":3329},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[21,3332,3334],{"className":23,"code":3333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[28,3335,3336,3346,3356,3360,3380],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3337,3338,3341,3343],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3339,3340],{"class":37},"guess ",[31,3342,89],{"class":88},[31,3344,3345],{"class":95}," 42\n",[31,3347,3348,3351,3353],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3349,3350],{"class":37},"target ",[31,3352,89],{"class":88},[31,3354,3355],{"class":95}," 50\n",[31,3357,3358],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3359,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,3361,3362,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3378],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,3363,3364],{"class":37},"difference ",[31,3366,89],{"class":88},[31,3368,2811],{"class":133},[31,3370,137],{"class":41},[31,3372,3340],{"class":140},[31,3374,212],{"class":88},[31,3376,3377],{"class":140}," target",[31,3379,120],{"class":41},[31,3381,3382,3384,3386,3389],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,3383,134],{"class":133},[31,3385,137],{"class":41},[31,3387,3388],{"class":140},"difference",[31,3390,120],{"class":41},[14,3392,358],{},[21,3394,3395],{"className":23,"code":2956,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,3396,3397],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3398,3399],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3400,2956],{"class":95},[14,3402,3403],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[72,3405,3407],{"id":3406},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[613,3409,3411],{"id":3410},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3413,3414],{},"This causes an error:",[21,3416,3418],{"className":23,"code":3417,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[28,3419,3420],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3421,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3423,134],{"class":133},[31,3425,137],{"class":41},[31,3427,2595],{"class":133},[31,3429,137],{"class":41},[31,3431,260],{"class":259},[31,3433,559],{"class":263},[31,3435,260],{"class":259},[31,3437,1569],{"class":41},[14,3439,3440,3443,3444,3446],{},[28,3441,3442],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[28,3445,2561],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3448,3449,3450,3456,3457,48],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[264,3451,3453],{"href":3452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[28,3454,3455],{},"int()"," or ",[264,3458,3460],{"href":3459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[28,3461,3462],{},"float()",[21,3464,3466],{"className":23,"code":3465,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[28,3467,3468,3491],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3469,3470,3472,3474,3476,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3488],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3471,134],{"class":133},[31,3473,137],{"class":41},[31,3475,2595],{"class":133},[31,3477,137],{"class":41},[31,3479,2765],{"class":1561},[31,3481,137],{"class":41},[31,3483,260],{"class":259},[31,3485,559],{"class":263},[31,3487,260],{"class":259},[31,3489,3490],{"class":41},")))\n",[31,3492,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3510,3512],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3494,134],{"class":133},[31,3496,137],{"class":41},[31,3498,2595],{"class":133},[31,3500,137],{"class":41},[31,3502,2769],{"class":1561},[31,3504,137],{"class":41},[31,3506,260],{"class":259},[31,3508,3509],{"class":263},"-3.2",[31,3511,260],{"class":259},[31,3513,3490],{"class":41},[14,3515,358],{},[21,3517,3519],{"className":23,"code":3518,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5\n3.2\n",[28,3520,3521,3526],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3522,3523],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3524,3525],{"class":95},"5\n",[31,3527,3528],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3529,3530],{"class":95},"3.2\n",[14,3532,3533,3534,3537,3538,70],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[28,3535,3536],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[264,3539,3541],{"href":3540},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[613,3543,3545],{"id":3544},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3547,3548],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[21,3550,3552],{"className":23,"code":3551,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[28,3553,3554],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3555,3556,3558,3560,3562,3565,3567,3569,3572,3574,3576],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3557,134],{"class":133},[31,3559,137],{"class":41},[31,3561,2595],{"class":133},[31,3563,3564],{"class":41},"([",[31,3566,146],{"class":95},[31,3568,99],{"class":41},[31,3570,3571],{"class":95}," 2",[31,3573,99],{"class":41},[31,3575,3027],{"class":95},[31,3577,2399],{"class":41},[14,3579,3580,3581,3584],{},"This raises a ",[28,3582,3583],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[613,3586,3588],{"id":3587},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3590,3591,3593],{},[28,3592,2561],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[21,3595,3597],{"className":23,"code":3596,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[28,3598,3599,3611,3621,3625],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3600,3601,3604,3606,3608],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3602,3603],{"class":37},"x ",[31,3605,89],{"class":88},[31,3607,2799],{"class":88},[31,3609,3610],{"class":95},"9\n",[31,3612,3613,3615,3617,3619],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3614,2595],{"class":133},[31,3616,137],{"class":41},[31,3618,2750],{"class":140},[31,3620,120],{"class":41},[31,3622,3623],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3624,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,3626,3627,3629,3631,3633],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,3628,134],{"class":133},[31,3630,137],{"class":41},[31,3632,2750],{"class":140},[31,3634,120],{"class":41},[14,3636,358],{},[21,3638,3640],{"className":23,"code":3639,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"-9\n",[28,3641,3642],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3643,3644,3646],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3645,212],{"class":88},[31,3647,3610],{"class":95},[14,3649,3650],{},"If you want to store the result:",[21,3652,3654],{"className":23,"code":3653,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[28,3655,3656,3666,3680,3684],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3657,3658,3660,3662,3664],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3659,3603],{"class":37},[31,3661,89],{"class":88},[31,3663,2799],{"class":88},[31,3665,3610],{"class":95},[31,3667,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3669,3603],{"class":37},[31,3671,89],{"class":88},[31,3673,2811],{"class":133},[31,3675,137],{"class":41},[31,3677,2750],{"class":140},[31,3679,120],{"class":41},[31,3681,3682],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3683,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,3685,3686,3688,3690,3692],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,3687,134],{"class":133},[31,3689,137],{"class":41},[31,3691,2750],{"class":140},[31,3693,120],{"class":41},[14,3695,358],{},[21,3697,3698],{"className":23,"code":3610,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,3699,3700],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3701,3702],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3703,3610],{"class":95},[613,3705,3707],{"id":3706},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3709,3710,3712],{},[28,3711,2561],{}," does not round numbers.",[21,3714,3716],{"className":23,"code":3715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[28,3717,3718],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3719,3720,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3721,134],{"class":133},[31,3723,137],{"class":41},[31,3725,2595],{"class":133},[31,3727,137],{"class":41},[31,3729,212],{"class":88},[31,3731,3732],{"class":95},"4.7",[31,3734,1569],{"class":41},[14,3736,358],{},[21,3738,3740],{"className":23,"code":3739,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"4.7\n",[28,3741,3742],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3743,3744],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3745,3739],{"class":95},[14,3747,3748,3749,3751,3752,3754],{},"If you expected ",[28,3750,559],{},", that is a different operation. ",[28,3753,2561],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[72,3756,3758],{"id":3757},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3760,3761,3763],{},[28,3762,2561],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[228,3765,3766,3773,3780],{},[231,3767,3768,3770,3771],{},[28,3769,2765],{}," input → returns an ",[28,3772,2765],{},[231,3774,3775,3777,3778],{},[28,3776,2769],{}," input → returns a ",[28,3779,2769],{},[231,3781,3782,3777,3784],{},[28,3783,2773],{},[28,3785,2769],{},[14,3787,242],{},[21,3789,3791],{"className":23,"code":3790,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[28,3792,3793,3813,3834],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3794,3795,3797,3799,3801,3803,3805,3807,3809,3811],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3796,134],{"class":133},[31,3798,137],{"class":41},[31,3800,1562],{"class":1561},[31,3802,137],{"class":41},[31,3804,2595],{"class":133},[31,3806,137],{"class":41},[31,3808,212],{"class":88},[31,3810,559],{"class":95},[31,3812,3490],{"class":41},[31,3814,3815,3817,3819,3821,3823,3825,3827,3829,3832],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3816,134],{"class":133},[31,3818,137],{"class":41},[31,3820,1562],{"class":1561},[31,3822,137],{"class":41},[31,3824,2595],{"class":133},[31,3826,137],{"class":41},[31,3828,212],{"class":88},[31,3830,3831],{"class":95},"3.2",[31,3833,3490],{"class":41},[31,3835,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844,3846,3848,3850,3852,3854,3856],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3837,134],{"class":133},[31,3839,137],{"class":41},[31,3841,1562],{"class":1561},[31,3843,137],{"class":41},[31,3845,2595],{"class":133},[31,3847,137],{"class":41},[31,3849,173],{"class":95},[31,3851,3030],{"class":88},[31,3853,3033],{"class":95},[31,3855,2641],{"class":1596},[31,3857,3490],{"class":41},[14,3859,358],{},[21,3861,3863],{"className":23,"code":3862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[28,3864,3865,3879,3893],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3866,3867,3869,3871,3873,3875,3877],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3868,1593],{"class":88},[31,3870,1597],{"class":1596},[31,3872,379],{"class":259},[31,3874,2765],{"class":263},[31,3876,370],{"class":259},[31,3878,1606],{"class":88},[31,3880,3881,3883,3885,3887,3889,3891],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3882,1593],{"class":88},[31,3884,1597],{"class":1596},[31,3886,379],{"class":259},[31,3888,2769],{"class":263},[31,3890,370],{"class":259},[31,3892,1606],{"class":88},[31,3894,3895,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3896,1593],{"class":88},[31,3898,1597],{"class":1596},[31,3900,379],{"class":259},[31,3902,2769],{"class":263},[31,3904,370],{"class":259},[31,3906,1606],{"class":88},[14,3908,3909],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3911,3912],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3914,3915],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[21,3917,3919],{"className":23,"code":3918,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[28,3920,3921,3935,3945,3959,3963,3977],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,3922,3923,3925,3927,3929,3932],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,3924,3022],{"class":37},[31,3926,89],{"class":88},[31,3928,271],{"class":259},[31,3930,3931],{"class":263},"-5",[31,3933,3934],{"class":259},"\"\n",[31,3936,3937,3939,3941,3943],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,3938,134],{"class":133},[31,3940,137],{"class":41},[31,3942,3049],{"class":140},[31,3944,120],{"class":41},[31,3946,3947,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,3948,134],{"class":133},[31,3950,137],{"class":41},[31,3952,1562],{"class":1561},[31,3954,137],{"class":41},[31,3956,3049],{"class":140},[31,3958,1569],{"class":41},[31,3960,3961],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,3962,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,3964,3965,3968,3970,3972,3975],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,3966,3967],{"class":37},"user_input ",[31,3969,89],{"class":88},[31,3971,271],{"class":259},[31,3973,3974],{"class":263},"-3.7",[31,3976,3934],{"class":259},[31,3978,3979,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991,3994],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,3980,134],{"class":133},[31,3982,137],{"class":41},[31,3984,2595],{"class":133},[31,3986,137],{"class":41},[31,3988,2769],{"class":1561},[31,3990,137],{"class":41},[31,3992,3993],{"class":140},"user_input",[31,3995,3490],{"class":41},[14,3997,358],{},[21,3999,4001],{"className":23,"code":4000,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[28,4002,4003,4009,4024],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4004,4005,4007],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4006,212],{"class":88},[31,4008,3525],{"class":95},[31,4010,4011,4013,4015,4017,4020,4022],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4012,1593],{"class":88},[31,4014,1597],{"class":1596},[31,4016,379],{"class":259},[31,4018,4019],{"class":263},"str",[31,4021,370],{"class":259},[31,4023,1606],{"class":88},[31,4025,4026],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,4027,4028],{"class":95},"3.7\n",[72,4030,2435],{"id":2434},[613,4032,4034],{"id":4033},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,4036,4037],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[613,4039,4041],{"id":4040},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,4043,4044],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[613,4046,4048],{"id":4047},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,4050,4051],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[613,4053,4055],{"id":4054},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,4057,4058,4060,4061,3456,4063,4065,4066,70],{},[28,4059,3536],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[28,4062,3455],{},[28,4064,3462],{}," before using ",[28,4067,2561],{},[613,4069,4071],{"id":4070},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,4073,4074],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[72,4076,2475],{"id":2474},[228,4078,4079,4086,4092,4098,4103],{},[231,4080,4081],{},[264,4082,4083,4085],{"href":3452},[28,4084,3455],{}," function explained",[231,4087,4088],{},[264,4089,4090,4085],{"href":3459},[28,4091,3462],{},[231,4093,4094],{},[264,4095,4096,4085],{"href":2875},[28,4097,2878],{},[231,4099,4100],{},[264,4101,4102],{"href":3540},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[231,4104,4105],{},[264,4106,2995],{"href":2994},[2499,4108,4109],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":4111},[4112,4113,4114,4115,4116,4117,4123,4129,4130,4137],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":2674,"depth":123,"text":2675},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":2883,"depth":123,"text":2884},{"id":2998,"depth":123,"text":2999},{"id":3103,"depth":123,"text":3104,"children":4118},[4119,4120,4121,4122],{"id":3112,"depth":130,"text":3113},{"id":3213,"depth":130,"text":3214},{"id":3262,"depth":130,"text":3263},{"id":3329,"depth":130,"text":3330},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":4124},[4125,4126,4127,4128],{"id":3410,"depth":130,"text":3411},{"id":3544,"depth":130,"text":3545},{"id":3587,"depth":130,"text":3588},{"id":3706,"depth":130,"text":3707},{"id":3757,"depth":123,"text":3758},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":4131},[4132,4133,4134,4135,4136],{"id":4033,"depth":130,"text":4034},{"id":4040,"depth":130,"text":4041},{"id":4047,"depth":130,"text":4048},{"id":4054,"depth":130,"text":4055},{"id":4070,"depth":130,"text":4071},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2551,"description":4138},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4145,"title":4146,"body":4147,"description":5854,"extension":2542,"meta":5855,"navigation":126,"path":5856,"seo":5857,"stem":5858,"__hash__":5859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4148,"toc":5818},[4149,4157,4163,4166,4183,4187,4242,4252,4259,4263,4282,4285,4302,4305,4309,4317,4334,4337,4377,4380,4387,4393,4470,4472,4503,4509,4513,4517,4556,4558,4567,4574,4578,4617,4619,4628,4638,4642,4698,4700,4708,4711,4714,4761,4763,4771,4777,4784,4789,4792,4795,4861,4863,4871,4874,4941,4943,4951,4965,4968,4980,4984,4990,4993,4995,5011,5013,5021,5024,5027,5030,5047,5050,5053,5083,5085,5098,5102,5106,5108,5123,5128,5131,5158,5165,5168,5208,5215,5221,5229,5232,5284,5291,5355,5360,5369,5372,5390,5396,5399,5541,5547,5552,5555,5566,5569,5625,5627,5635,5638,5696,5698,5706,5709,5720,5722,5728,5737,5746,5749,5756,5759,5768,5781,5783,5815],[10,4150,4152,4153,4156],{"id":4151},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[28,4154,4155],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,4158,4159,4160,4162],{},"Python’s ",[28,4161,4155],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,4164,4165],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[228,4167,4168,4171,4174],{},[231,4169,4170],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[231,4172,4173],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[231,4175,4176,2972,4179,4182],{},[28,4177,4178],{},"all([])",[28,4180,4181],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[72,4184,4186],{"id":4185},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[21,4188,4190],{"className":23,"code":4189,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[28,4191,4192,4213,4228],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4193,4194,4196,4198,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4195,85],{"class":37},[31,4197,89],{"class":88},[31,4199,4200],{"class":41}," [",[31,4202,146],{"class":95},[31,4204,99],{"class":41},[31,4206,3571],{"class":95},[31,4208,99],{"class":41},[31,4210,3027],{"class":95},[31,4212,59],{"class":41},[31,4214,4215,4217,4219,4222,4224,4226],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4216,1522],{"class":37},[31,4218,89],{"class":88},[31,4220,4221],{"class":133}," all",[31,4223,137],{"class":41},[31,4225,141],{"class":140},[31,4227,120],{"class":41},[31,4229,4230,4232,4234,4236,4239],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,4231,134],{"class":133},[31,4233,137],{"class":41},[31,4235,1550],{"class":140},[31,4237,4238],{"class":41},")",[31,4240,4241],{"class":157},"  # True\n",[14,4243,4244,2972,4246,4248,4249,70],{},[28,4245,4155],{},[28,4247,4181],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[28,4250,4251],{},"False",[72,4253,4255,4256,4258],{"id":4254},"what-all-does","What ",[28,4257,4155],{}," does",[14,4260,4261,48],{},[28,4262,4155],{},[228,4264,4265,4268,4274,4279],{},[231,4266,4267],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[231,4269,4270,4271,4273],{},"returns ",[28,4272,4181],{}," if all items are truthy",[231,4275,4270,4276,4278],{},[28,4277,4251],{}," if any item is falsy",[231,4280,4281],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,4283,4284],{},"Basic syntax:",[21,4286,4288],{"className":23,"code":4287,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"all(iterable)\n",[28,4289,4290],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4291,4292,4295,4297,4300],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4293,4294],{"class":133},"all",[31,4296,137],{"class":41},[31,4298,4299],{"class":140},"iterable",[31,4301,120],{"class":41},[14,4303,4304],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[72,4306,4308],{"id":4307},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4310,4311,4312,3456,4314,4316],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[28,4313,4181],{},[28,4315,4251],{}," in conditions.",[228,4318,4319,4327],{},[231,4320,4321,4324,4325],{},[67,4322,4323],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[28,4326,4181],{},[231,4328,4329,4324,4332],{},[67,4330,4331],{},"Falsy",[28,4333,4251],{},[14,4335,4336],{},"Common falsy values include:",[228,4338,4339,4343,4348,4353,4358,4362,4367,4372],{},[231,4340,4341],{},[28,4342,1243],{},[231,4344,4345],{},[28,4346,4347],{},"0.0",[231,4349,4350],{},[28,4351,4352],{},"''",[231,4354,4355],{},[28,4356,4357],{},"None",[231,4359,4360],{},[28,4361,4251],{},[231,4363,4364],{},[28,4365,4366],{},"[]",[231,4368,4369],{},[28,4370,4371],{},"{}",[231,4373,4374],{},[28,4375,4376],{},"set()",[14,4378,4379],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4381,4382,4383,70],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[264,4384,4386],{"href":4385},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4388,4389,4390,48],{},"You can test this with ",[28,4391,4392],{},"bool()",[21,4394,4396],{"className":23,"code":4395,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[28,4397,4398,4436,4440],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4399,4400,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411,4414,4416,4419,4421,4423,4426,4428,4430,4434],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4401,4402],{"class":37},"values ",[31,4404,89],{"class":88},[31,4406,4200],{"class":41},[31,4408,146],{"class":95},[31,4410,99],{"class":41},[31,4412,4413],{"class":95}," 0",[31,4415,99],{"class":41},[31,4417,4418],{"class":259}," ''",[31,4420,99],{"class":41},[31,4422,379],{"class":259},[31,4424,4425],{"class":263},"hello",[31,4427,370],{"class":259},[31,4429,99],{"class":41},[31,4431,4433],{"class":4432},"s39Yj"," None",[31,4435,59],{"class":41},[31,4437,4438],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4439,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,4441,4442,4444,4446,4449,4451,4453,4455,4459,4462,4465,4468],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,4443,134],{"class":133},[31,4445,3564],{"class":41},[31,4447,4448],{"class":1561},"bool",[31,4450,137],{"class":41},[31,4452,2750],{"class":140},[31,4454,4238],{"class":41},[31,4456,4458],{"class":4457},"sVHd0"," for",[31,4460,4461],{"class":140}," x ",[31,4463,4464],{"class":4457},"in",[31,4466,4467],{"class":140}," values",[31,4469,566],{"class":41},[14,4471,358],{},[21,4473,4475],{"className":23,"code":4474,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[28,4476,4477],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4478,4479,4481,4483,4485,4488,4490,4492,4494,4497,4499,4501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4480,42],{"class":41},[31,4482,4181],{"class":4432},[31,4484,99],{"class":41},[31,4486,4487],{"class":4432}," False",[31,4489,99],{"class":41},[31,4491,4487],{"class":4432},[31,4493,99],{"class":41},[31,4495,4496],{"class":4432}," True",[31,4498,99],{"class":41},[31,4500,4487],{"class":4432},[31,4502,59],{"class":41},[14,4504,4505,4506,4508],{},"This matters because ",[28,4507,4155],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[72,4510,4512],{"id":4511},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[613,4514,4516],{"id":4515},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[21,4518,4520],{"className":23,"code":4519,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[28,4521,4522,4542],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4523,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4525,85],{"class":37},[31,4527,89],{"class":88},[31,4529,4200],{"class":41},[31,4531,146],{"class":95},[31,4533,99],{"class":41},[31,4535,3571],{"class":95},[31,4537,99],{"class":41},[31,4539,3027],{"class":95},[31,4541,59],{"class":41},[31,4543,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552,4554],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4545,134],{"class":133},[31,4547,137],{"class":41},[31,4549,4294],{"class":133},[31,4551,137],{"class":41},[31,4553,141],{"class":140},[31,4555,1569],{"class":41},[14,4557,358],{},[21,4559,4561],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\n",[28,4562,4563],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4564,4565],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4566,4560],{"class":4432},[14,4568,4569,4570,2972,4572,70],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[28,4571,4155],{},[28,4573,4181],{},[613,4575,4577],{"id":4576},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[21,4579,4581],{"className":23,"code":4580,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[28,4582,4583,4603],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4584,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4586,85],{"class":37},[31,4588,89],{"class":88},[31,4590,4200],{"class":41},[31,4592,146],{"class":95},[31,4594,99],{"class":41},[31,4596,4413],{"class":95},[31,4598,99],{"class":41},[31,4600,3027],{"class":95},[31,4602,59],{"class":41},[31,4604,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4606,134],{"class":133},[31,4608,137],{"class":41},[31,4610,4294],{"class":133},[31,4612,137],{"class":41},[31,4614,141],{"class":140},[31,4616,1569],{"class":41},[14,4618,358],{},[21,4620,4622],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"False\n",[28,4623,4624],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4625,4626],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4627,4621],{"class":4432},[14,4629,4630,4631,4633,4634,2972,4636,70],{},"The value ",[28,4632,1243],{}," is falsy, so ",[28,4635,4155],{},[28,4637,4251],{},[613,4639,4641],{"id":4640},"example-strings","Example: strings",[21,4643,4645],{"className":23,"code":4644,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[28,4646,4647,4683],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4648,4649,4652,4654,4656,4658,4661,4663,4665,4667,4670,4672,4674,4676,4679,4681],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4650,4651],{"class":37},"words ",[31,4653,89],{"class":88},[31,4655,4200],{"class":41},[31,4657,370],{"class":259},[31,4659,4660],{"class":263},"apple",[31,4662,370],{"class":259},[31,4664,99],{"class":41},[31,4666,379],{"class":259},[31,4668,4669],{"class":263},"banana",[31,4671,370],{"class":259},[31,4673,99],{"class":41},[31,4675,379],{"class":259},[31,4677,4678],{"class":263},"cherry",[31,4680,370],{"class":259},[31,4682,59],{"class":41},[31,4684,4685,4687,4689,4691,4693,4696],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4686,134],{"class":133},[31,4688,137],{"class":41},[31,4690,4294],{"class":133},[31,4692,137],{"class":41},[31,4694,4695],{"class":140},"words",[31,4697,1569],{"class":41},[14,4699,358],{},[21,4701,4702],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,4703,4704],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4705,4706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4707,4560],{"class":4432},[14,4709,4710],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4712,4713],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[21,4715,4717],{"className":23,"code":4716,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[28,4718,4719,4747],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4720,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743,4745],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4722,4651],{"class":37},[31,4724,89],{"class":88},[31,4726,4200],{"class":41},[31,4728,370],{"class":259},[31,4730,4660],{"class":263},[31,4732,370],{"class":259},[31,4734,99],{"class":41},[31,4736,4418],{"class":259},[31,4738,99],{"class":41},[31,4740,379],{"class":259},[31,4742,4678],{"class":263},[31,4744,370],{"class":259},[31,4746,59],{"class":41},[31,4748,4749,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4750,134],{"class":133},[31,4752,137],{"class":41},[31,4754,4294],{"class":133},[31,4756,137],{"class":41},[31,4758,4695],{"class":140},[31,4760,1569],{"class":41},[14,4762,358],{},[21,4764,4765],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,4766,4767],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4768,4769],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4770,4621],{"class":4432},[14,4772,4773,4774,4776],{},"The empty string ",[28,4775,4352],{}," is falsy.",[72,4778,4780,4781,4783],{"id":4779},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[28,4782,4155],{}," works with conditions",[14,4785,4786,4788],{},[28,4787,4155],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4790,4791],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4793,4794],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[21,4796,4798],{"className":23,"code":4797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,4799,4800,4820,4847,4851],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4801,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4803,85],{"class":37},[31,4805,89],{"class":88},[31,4807,4200],{"class":41},[31,4809,146],{"class":95},[31,4811,99],{"class":41},[31,4813,3571],{"class":95},[31,4815,99],{"class":41},[31,4817,3027],{"class":95},[31,4819,59],{"class":41},[31,4821,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4823,1522],{"class":37},[31,4825,89],{"class":88},[31,4827,4221],{"class":133},[31,4829,137],{"class":41},[31,4831,3603],{"class":140},[31,4833,4834],{"class":88},">",[31,4836,4413],{"class":95},[31,4838,4458],{"class":4457},[31,4840,4461],{"class":140},[31,4842,4464],{"class":4457},[31,4844,1527],{"class":140},[31,4846,120],{"class":41},[31,4848,4849],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,4850,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,4852,4853,4855,4857,4859],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,4854,134],{"class":133},[31,4856,137],{"class":41},[31,4858,1550],{"class":140},[31,4860,120],{"class":41},[14,4862,358],{},[21,4864,4865],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,4866,4867],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4868,4869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4870,4560],{"class":4432},[14,4872,4873],{},"Here is one that fails:",[21,4875,4877],{"className":23,"code":4876,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,4878,4879,4901,4927,4931],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4880,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4882,85],{"class":37},[31,4884,89],{"class":88},[31,4886,4200],{"class":41},[31,4888,146],{"class":95},[31,4890,99],{"class":41},[31,4892,2799],{"class":88},[31,4894,193],{"class":95},[31,4896,99],{"class":41},[31,4898,3027],{"class":95},[31,4900,59],{"class":41},[31,4902,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,4904,1522],{"class":37},[31,4906,89],{"class":88},[31,4908,4221],{"class":133},[31,4910,137],{"class":41},[31,4912,3603],{"class":140},[31,4914,4834],{"class":88},[31,4916,4413],{"class":95},[31,4918,4458],{"class":4457},[31,4920,4461],{"class":140},[31,4922,4464],{"class":4457},[31,4924,1527],{"class":140},[31,4926,120],{"class":41},[31,4928,4929],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,4930,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,4932,4933,4935,4937,4939],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,4934,134],{"class":133},[31,4936,137],{"class":41},[31,4938,1550],{"class":140},[31,4940,120],{"class":41},[14,4942,358],{},[21,4944,4945],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,4946,4947],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,4948,4949],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,4950,4621],{"class":4432},[14,4952,4953,4954,4957,4958,4960,4961,2972,4963,70],{},"The expression ",[28,4955,4956],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[28,4959,4181],{},", then ",[28,4962,4155],{},[28,4964,4181],{},[14,4966,4967],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4969,4970,4971,4975,4976,70],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[264,4972,4974],{"href":4973},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[264,4977,4979],{"href":4978},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[72,4981,4983],{"id":4982},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4985,4986,2972,4988,70],{},[28,4987,4178],{},[28,4989,4181],{},[14,4991,4992],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4994,242],{},[21,4996,4998],{"className":23,"code":4997,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(all([]))\n",[28,4999,5000],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5001,5002,5004,5006,5008],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5003,134],{"class":133},[31,5005,137],{"class":41},[31,5007,4294],{"class":133},[31,5009,5010],{"class":41},"([]))\n",[14,5012,358],{},[21,5014,5015],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,5016,5017],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5018,5019],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5020,4560],{"class":4432},[14,5022,5023],{},"Why?",[14,5025,5026],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,5028,5029],{},"Think of it this way:",[228,5031,5032,5039,5042],{},[231,5033,5034,2972,5036,5038],{},[28,5035,4155],{},[28,5037,4251],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[231,5040,5041],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[231,5043,5044,5045],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[28,5046,4251],{},[14,5048,5049],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,5051,5052],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[21,5054,5056],{"className":23,"code":5055,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[28,5057,5058,5069],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5059,5060,5062,5064,5066],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5061,134],{"class":133},[31,5063,137],{"class":41},[31,5065,4294],{"class":133},[31,5067,5068],{"class":41},"(()))\n",[31,5070,5071,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5072,134],{"class":133},[31,5074,137],{"class":41},[31,5076,4294],{"class":133},[31,5078,137],{"class":41},[31,5080,4352],{"class":259},[31,5082,1569],{"class":41},[14,5084,358],{},[21,5086,5088],{"className":23,"code":5087,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nTrue\n",[28,5089,5090,5094],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5091,5092],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5093,4560],{"class":4432},[31,5095,5096],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5097,4560],{"class":4432},[72,5099,5101],{"id":5100},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[613,5103,5105],{"id":5104},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,5107,2102],{},[21,5109,5111],{"className":23,"code":5110,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[28,5112,5113,5118],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5114,5115],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5116,5117],{"class":157},"# Wrong\n",[31,5119,5120],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5121,5122],{"class":157},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,5124,5125,5127],{},[28,5126,4155],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,5129,5130],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[21,5132,5134],{"className":23,"code":5133,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[28,5135,5136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5137,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5139,134],{"class":133},[31,5141,137],{"class":41},[31,5143,4294],{"class":133},[31,5145,3564],{"class":41},[31,5147,146],{"class":95},[31,5149,99],{"class":41},[31,5151,3571],{"class":95},[31,5153,99],{"class":41},[31,5155,3027],{"class":95},[31,5157,2399],{"class":41},[613,5159,5161,5162,5164],{"id":5160},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[28,5163,4155],{}," compares values automatically",[14,5166,5167],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[21,5169,5171],{"className":23,"code":5170,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[28,5172,5173,5194],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5174,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185,5188,5190,5192],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5176,85],{"class":37},[31,5178,89],{"class":88},[31,5180,4200],{"class":41},[31,5182,559],{"class":95},[31,5184,99],{"class":41},[31,5186,5187],{"class":95}," 5",[31,5189,99],{"class":41},[31,5191,5187],{"class":95},[31,5193,59],{"class":41},[31,5195,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5197,134],{"class":133},[31,5199,137],{"class":41},[31,5201,4294],{"class":133},[31,5203,137],{"class":41},[31,5205,141],{"class":140},[31,5207,1569],{"class":41},[14,5209,5210,5211,5214],{},"This does ",[67,5212,5213],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,5216,5217,5218,5220],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[28,5219,559],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[21,5222,5223],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,5224,5225],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5226,5227],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5228,4560],{"class":4432},[14,5230,5231],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[21,5233,5235],{"className":23,"code":5234,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[28,5236,5237,5257],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5238,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5240,85],{"class":37},[31,5242,89],{"class":88},[31,5244,4200],{"class":41},[31,5246,559],{"class":95},[31,5248,99],{"class":41},[31,5250,5187],{"class":95},[31,5252,99],{"class":41},[31,5254,5187],{"class":95},[31,5256,59],{"class":41},[31,5258,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5260,134],{"class":133},[31,5262,137],{"class":41},[31,5264,4294],{"class":133},[31,5266,137],{"class":41},[31,5268,3603],{"class":140},[31,5270,5271],{"class":88},"==",[31,5273,5187],{"class":95},[31,5275,4458],{"class":4457},[31,5277,4461],{"class":140},[31,5279,4464],{"class":4457},[31,5281,1527],{"class":140},[31,5283,1569],{"class":41},[613,5285,5287,5288,5290],{"id":5286},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[28,5289,1243],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[21,5292,5294],{"className":23,"code":5293,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[28,5295,5296,5322],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5297,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314,5316,5319],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5299,134],{"class":133},[31,5301,137],{"class":41},[31,5303,4294],{"class":133},[31,5305,3564],{"class":41},[31,5307,146],{"class":95},[31,5309,99],{"class":41},[31,5311,3571],{"class":95},[31,5313,99],{"class":41},[31,5315,4413],{"class":95},[31,5317,5318],{"class":41},"]))",[31,5320,5321],{"class":157},"       # False\n",[31,5323,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5325,134],{"class":133},[31,5327,137],{"class":41},[31,5329,4294],{"class":133},[31,5331,3564],{"class":41},[31,5333,370],{"class":259},[31,5335,264],{"class":263},[31,5337,370],{"class":259},[31,5339,99],{"class":41},[31,5341,379],{"class":259},[31,5343,274],{"class":263},[31,5345,370],{"class":259},[31,5347,99],{"class":41},[31,5349,4418],{"class":259},[31,5351,5318],{"class":41},[31,5353,5354],{"class":157},"  # False\n",[14,5356,5357,5358,70],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[28,5359,4251],{},[613,5361,5363,5364,5366,5367],{"id":5362},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[28,5365,4178],{}," is ",[28,5368,4181],{},[14,5370,5371],{},"This is expected behavior:",[21,5373,5375],{"className":23,"code":5374,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[28,5376,5377],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5378,5379,5381,5383,5385,5388],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5380,134],{"class":133},[31,5382,137],{"class":41},[31,5384,4294],{"class":133},[31,5386,5387],{"class":41},"([]))",[31,5389,4241],{"class":157},[14,5391,5392,5393,5395],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[28,5394,4181],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5397,5398],{},"Useful quick tests:",[21,5400,5402],{"className":23,"code":5401,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[28,5403,5404,5426,5448,5495,5531],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5405,5406,5408,5410,5412,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5407,134],{"class":133},[31,5409,137],{"class":41},[31,5411,4294],{"class":133},[31,5413,3564],{"class":41},[31,5415,146],{"class":95},[31,5417,99],{"class":41},[31,5419,3571],{"class":95},[31,5421,99],{"class":41},[31,5423,3027],{"class":95},[31,5425,2399],{"class":41},[31,5427,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5429,134],{"class":133},[31,5431,137],{"class":41},[31,5433,4294],{"class":133},[31,5435,3564],{"class":41},[31,5437,146],{"class":95},[31,5439,99],{"class":41},[31,5441,4413],{"class":95},[31,5443,99],{"class":41},[31,5445,3027],{"class":95},[31,5447,2399],{"class":41},[31,5449,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490,5492],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,5451,134],{"class":133},[31,5453,3564],{"class":41},[31,5455,4448],{"class":1561},[31,5457,137],{"class":41},[31,5459,2750],{"class":140},[31,5461,4238],{"class":41},[31,5463,4458],{"class":4457},[31,5465,4461],{"class":140},[31,5467,4464],{"class":4457},[31,5469,4200],{"class":41},[31,5471,146],{"class":95},[31,5473,99],{"class":41},[31,5475,4413],{"class":95},[31,5477,99],{"class":41},[31,5479,4418],{"class":259},[31,5481,99],{"class":41},[31,5483,379],{"class":259},[31,5485,4425],{"class":263},[31,5487,370],{"class":259},[31,5489,99],{"class":41},[31,5491,4433],{"class":4432},[31,5493,5494],{"class":41},"]])\n",[31,5496,5497,5499,5501,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527,5529],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,5498,134],{"class":133},[31,5500,137],{"class":41},[31,5502,4294],{"class":133},[31,5504,137],{"class":41},[31,5506,3603],{"class":140},[31,5508,4834],{"class":88},[31,5510,4413],{"class":95},[31,5512,4458],{"class":4457},[31,5514,4461],{"class":140},[31,5516,4464],{"class":4457},[31,5518,4200],{"class":41},[31,5520,146],{"class":95},[31,5522,99],{"class":41},[31,5524,3571],{"class":95},[31,5526,99],{"class":41},[31,5528,3027],{"class":95},[31,5530,2399],{"class":41},[31,5532,5533,5535,5537,5539],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,5534,134],{"class":133},[31,5536,137],{"class":41},[31,5538,4294],{"class":133},[31,5540,5010],{"class":41},[72,5542,5544,5545],{"id":5543},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[28,5546,4155],{},[14,5548,5549,5551],{},[28,5550,4155],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5553,5554],{},"Common use cases:",[228,5556,5557,5560,5563],{},[231,5558,5559],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[231,5561,5562],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[231,5564,5565],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5567,5568],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[21,5570,5572],{"className":23,"code":5571,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[28,5573,5574,5610],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5575,5576,5579,5581,5583,5585,5588,5590,5592,5594,5597,5599,5601,5603,5606,5608],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5577,5578],{"class":37},"names ",[31,5580,89],{"class":88},[31,5582,4200],{"class":41},[31,5584,370],{"class":259},[31,5586,5587],{"class":263},"Alice",[31,5589,370],{"class":259},[31,5591,99],{"class":41},[31,5593,379],{"class":259},[31,5595,5596],{"class":263},"Bob",[31,5598,370],{"class":259},[31,5600,99],{"class":41},[31,5602,379],{"class":259},[31,5604,5605],{"class":263},"Charlie",[31,5607,370],{"class":259},[31,5609,59],{"class":41},[31,5611,5612,5614,5616,5618,5620,5623],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5613,134],{"class":133},[31,5615,137],{"class":41},[31,5617,4294],{"class":133},[31,5619,137],{"class":41},[31,5621,5622],{"class":140},"names",[31,5624,1569],{"class":41},[14,5626,358],{},[21,5628,5629],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,5630,5631],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5632,5633],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5634,4560],{"class":4432},[14,5636,5637],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[21,5639,5641],{"className":23,"code":5640,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[28,5642,5643,5666],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5644,5645,5648,5650,5652,5655,5657,5660,5662,5664],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5646,5647],{"class":37},"scores ",[31,5649,89],{"class":88},[31,5651,4200],{"class":41},[31,5653,5654],{"class":95},"75",[31,5656,99],{"class":41},[31,5658,5659],{"class":95}," 80",[31,5661,99],{"class":41},[31,5663,117],{"class":95},[31,5665,59],{"class":41},[31,5667,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676,5679,5682,5684,5686,5689,5691,5694],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5669,134],{"class":133},[31,5671,137],{"class":41},[31,5673,4294],{"class":133},[31,5675,137],{"class":41},[31,5677,5678],{"class":140},"score ",[31,5680,5681],{"class":88},">=",[31,5683,117],{"class":95},[31,5685,4458],{"class":4457},[31,5687,5688],{"class":140}," score ",[31,5690,4464],{"class":4457},[31,5692,5693],{"class":140}," scores",[31,5695,1569],{"class":41},[14,5697,358],{},[21,5699,5700],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,5701,5702],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5703,5704],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5705,4560],{"class":4432},[14,5707,5708],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5710,5711,5712,4975,5716,70],{},"For related tasks, see ",[264,5713,5715],{"href":5714},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[264,5717,5719],{"href":5718},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[72,5721,2435],{"id":2434},[613,5723,2453,5725,5727],{"id":5724},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[28,5726,4155],{}," return in Python?",[14,5729,5730,5731,5733,5734,5736],{},"It returns ",[28,5732,4181],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[28,5735,4251],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[613,5738,5740,5741,5743,5744,2466],{"id":5739},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[28,5742,4178],{}," return ",[28,5745,4181],{},[14,5747,5748],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[613,5750,5752,5753,5755],{"id":5751},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[28,5754,4155],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5757,5758],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[613,5760,5762,5763,4975,5765,2466],{"id":5761},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[28,5764,4155],{},[28,5766,5767],{},"any()",[14,5769,5770,5772,5773,5775,5776,70],{},[28,5771,4155],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[28,5774,5767],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[264,5777,4152,5779,4085],{"href":5778},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[28,5780,5767],{},[72,5782,2475],{"id":2474},[228,5784,5785,5791,5795,5800,5805,5810],{},[231,5786,5787],{},[264,5788,4152,5789,4085],{"href":5778},[28,5790,5767],{},[231,5792,5793],{},[264,5794,4386],{"href":4385},[231,5796,5797],{},[264,5798,5799],{"href":5718},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[231,5801,5802],{},[264,5803,5804],{"href":5714},"How to filter a list in Python",[231,5806,5807],{},[264,5808,5809],{"href":4973},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[231,5811,5812],{},[264,5813,5814],{"href":4978},"What is an iterable in Python",[2499,5816,5817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":5819},[5820,5821,5823,5824,5829,5831,5832,5841,5843,5853],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":4254,"depth":123,"text":5822},"What all() does",{"id":4307,"depth":123,"text":4308},{"id":4511,"depth":123,"text":4512,"children":5825},[5826,5827,5828],{"id":4515,"depth":130,"text":4516},{"id":4576,"depth":130,"text":4577},{"id":4640,"depth":130,"text":4641},{"id":4779,"depth":123,"text":5830},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4982,"depth":123,"text":4983},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":5833},[5834,5835,5837,5839],{"id":5104,"depth":130,"text":5105},{"id":5160,"depth":130,"text":5836},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5286,"depth":130,"text":5838},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5362,"depth":130,"text":5840},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5543,"depth":123,"text":5842},"When to use all()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":5844},[5845,5847,5849,5851],{"id":5724,"depth":130,"text":5846},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5739,"depth":130,"text":5848},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5751,"depth":130,"text":5850},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5761,"depth":130,"text":5852},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4146,"description":5854},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5861,"title":5862,"body":5863,"description":7554,"extension":2542,"meta":7555,"navigation":126,"path":5778,"seo":7556,"stem":7557,"__hash__":7558},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5864,"toc":7532},[5865,5868,5876,5879,5896,5904,5948,5957,5961,5966,5969,5986,5989,6000,6012,6016,6019,6034,6039,6042,6054,6057,6142,6145,6166,6172,6174,6182,6196,6198,6232,6234,6237,6298,6300,6317,6320,6347,6349,6357,6369,6373,6376,6415,6417,6425,6427,6443,6451,6454,6497,6499,6507,6512,6516,6524,6527,6553,6556,6559,6632,6634,6642,6649,6673,6684,6687,6766,6768,6776,6783,6787,6792,6807,6809,6817,6820,6826,6829,6875,6877,6894,6898,6903,6914,6917,7032,7035,7094,7100,7102,7107,7111,7113,7132,7138,7141,7160,7164,7173,7200,7202,7210,7218,7222,7228,7251,7253,7261,7268,7272,7275,7326,7329,7380,7383,7385,7389,7396,7400,7407,7411,7419,7423,7426,7448,7450,7500,7502,7529],[10,5866,5862],{"id":5867},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5869,5870,5872,5873,70],{},[28,5871,5767],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[67,5874,5875],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5877,5878],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[228,5880,5881,5884,5887,5890,5893],{},[231,5882,5883],{},"lists",[231,5885,5886],{},"tuples",[231,5888,5889],{},"sets",[231,5891,5892],{},"strings",[231,5894,5895],{},"generator expressions",[14,5897,5898,5899,3456,5901,5903],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[28,5900,4181],{},[28,5902,4251],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[21,5905,5907],{"className":23,"code":5906,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[28,5908,5909,5929],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,5910,5911,5913,5915,5917,5919,5921,5923,5925,5927],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,5912,4402],{"class":37},[31,5914,89],{"class":88},[31,5916,4200],{"class":41},[31,5918,1243],{"class":95},[31,5920,99],{"class":41},[31,5922,4418],{"class":259},[31,5924,99],{"class":41},[31,5926,5187],{"class":95},[31,5928,59],{"class":41},[31,5930,5931,5933,5935,5938,5940,5943,5946],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,5932,134],{"class":133},[31,5934,137],{"class":41},[31,5936,5937],{"class":133},"any",[31,5939,137],{"class":41},[31,5941,5942],{"class":140},"values",[31,5944,5945],{"class":41},"))",[31,5947,4241],{"class":157},[14,5949,2668,5950,5953,5954,5956],{},[28,5951,5952],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[28,5955,4181],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[72,5958,5960],{"id":5959},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5962,5963,5965],{},[28,5964,5767],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5967,5968],{},"It returns:",[228,5970,5971,5976,5981],{},[231,5972,5973,5975],{},[28,5974,4181],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[231,5977,5978,5980],{},[28,5979,4251],{}," if all items are falsy",[231,5982,5983,5985],{},[28,5984,4251],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5987,5988],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[228,5990,5991,5994,5997],{},[231,5992,5993],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[231,5995,5996],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[231,5998,5999],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,6001,6002,6003,6006,6007,70],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[67,6004,6005],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[264,6008,6010],{"href":6009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[28,6011,4155],{},[72,6013,6015],{"id":6014},"syntax","Syntax",[14,6017,6018],{},"The syntax is simple:",[21,6020,6022],{"className":23,"code":6021,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"any(iterable)\n",[28,6023,6024],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6025,6026,6028,6030,6032],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6027,5937],{"class":133},[31,6029,137],{"class":41},[31,6031,4299],{"class":140},[31,6033,120],{"class":41},[14,6035,6036,6037,70],{},"The argument must be an ",[67,6038,4299],{},[14,6040,6041],{},"Common inputs include:",[228,6043,6044,6046,6048,6050,6052],{},[231,6045,5883],{},[231,6047,5886],{},[231,6049,5889],{},[231,6051,5892],{},[231,6053,5895],{},[14,6055,6056],{},"For example:",[21,6058,6060],{"className":23,"code":6059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[28,6061,6062,6085,6104,6124],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6063,6064,6066,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6083],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6065,134],{"class":133},[31,6067,137],{"class":41},[31,6069,5937],{"class":133},[31,6071,3564],{"class":41},[31,6073,1243],{"class":95},[31,6075,99],{"class":41},[31,6077,4413],{"class":95},[31,6079,99],{"class":41},[31,6081,6082],{"class":95}," 1",[31,6084,2399],{"class":41},[31,6086,6087,6089,6091,6093,6096,6098,6100,6102],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6088,134],{"class":133},[31,6090,137],{"class":41},[31,6092,5937],{"class":133},[31,6094,6095],{"class":41},"((",[31,6097,4251],{"class":4432},[31,6099,99],{"class":41},[31,6101,4487],{"class":4432},[31,6103,3490],{"class":41},[31,6105,6106,6108,6110,6112,6115,6117,6119,6121],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6107,134],{"class":133},[31,6109,137],{"class":41},[31,6111,5937],{"class":133},[31,6113,6114],{"class":41},"({",[31,6116,1243],{"class":95},[31,6118,99],{"class":41},[31,6120,3571],{"class":95},[31,6122,6123],{"class":41},"}))\n",[31,6125,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,6127,134],{"class":133},[31,6129,137],{"class":41},[31,6131,5937],{"class":133},[31,6133,137],{"class":41},[31,6135,260],{"class":259},[31,6137,4425],{"class":263},[31,6139,260],{"class":259},[31,6141,1569],{"class":41},[14,6143,6144],{},"Expected output:",[21,6146,6148],{"className":23,"code":6147,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[28,6149,6150,6154,6158,6162],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6151,6152],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6153,4560],{"class":4432},[31,6155,6156],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6157,4621],{"class":4432},[31,6159,6160],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6161,4560],{"class":4432},[31,6163,6164],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,6165,4560],{"class":4432},[14,6167,6168,6169,70],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[264,6170,5719],{"href":6171},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[72,6173,4308],{"id":4307},[14,6175,4311,6176,3456,6179,4316],{},[67,6177,6178],{},"truthy",[67,6180,6181],{},"falsy",[228,6183,6184,6190],{},[231,6185,6186,4324,6188],{},[67,6187,4323],{},[28,6189,4181],{},[231,6191,6192,4324,6194],{},[67,6193,4331],{},[28,6195,4251],{},[14,6197,4336],{},[228,6199,6200,6204,6208,6212,6216,6220,6224,6228],{},[231,6201,6202],{},[28,6203,4251],{},[231,6205,6206],{},[28,6207,1243],{},[231,6209,6210],{},[28,6211,4347],{},[231,6213,6214],{},[28,6215,4352],{},[231,6217,6218],{},[28,6219,4366],{},[231,6221,6222],{},[28,6223,4371],{},[231,6225,6226],{},[28,6227,4376],{},[231,6229,6230],{},[28,6231,4357],{},[14,6233,4379],{},[14,6235,6236],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[21,6238,6240],{"className":23,"code":6239,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[28,6241,6242,6256,6274],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6243,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6245,134],{"class":133},[31,6247,137],{"class":41},[31,6249,5937],{"class":133},[31,6251,3564],{"class":41},[31,6253,146],{"class":95},[31,6255,2399],{"class":41},[31,6257,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270,6272],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6259,134],{"class":133},[31,6261,137],{"class":41},[31,6263,5937],{"class":133},[31,6265,3564],{"class":41},[31,6267,370],{"class":259},[31,6269,4425],{"class":263},[31,6271,370],{"class":259},[31,6273,2399],{"class":41},[31,6275,6276,6278,6280,6282,6285,6287,6289,6291,6293,6295],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6277,134],{"class":133},[31,6279,137],{"class":41},[31,6281,5937],{"class":133},[31,6283,6284],{"class":41},"([[",[31,6286,146],{"class":95},[31,6288,99],{"class":41},[31,6290,3571],{"class":95},[31,6292,99],{"class":41},[31,6294,3027],{"class":95},[31,6296,6297],{"class":41},"]]))\n",[14,6299,6144],{},[21,6301,6303],{"className":23,"code":6302,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[28,6304,6305,6309,6313],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6306,6307],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6308,4560],{"class":4432},[31,6310,6311],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6312,4560],{"class":4432},[31,6314,6315],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6316,4560],{"class":4432},[14,6318,6319],{},"And these are all falsy:",[21,6321,6323],{"className":23,"code":6322,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[28,6324,6325],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6326,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6328,134],{"class":133},[31,6330,137],{"class":41},[31,6332,5937],{"class":133},[31,6334,3564],{"class":41},[31,6336,1243],{"class":95},[31,6338,99],{"class":41},[31,6340,4418],{"class":259},[31,6342,99],{"class":41},[31,6344,4433],{"class":4432},[31,6346,2399],{"class":41},[14,6348,6144],{},[21,6350,6351],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,6352,6353],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6354,6355],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6356,4621],{"class":4432},[14,6358,6359,6360,4975,6363,70],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[264,6361,4386],{"href":6362},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[264,6364,6366,6368],{"href":6365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[28,6367,4392],{}," explained",[72,6370,6372],{"id":6371},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6374,6375],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[21,6377,6379],{"className":23,"code":6378,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[28,6380,6381,6401],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6382,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6384,4402],{"class":37},[31,6386,89],{"class":88},[31,6388,4200],{"class":41},[31,6390,1243],{"class":95},[31,6392,99],{"class":41},[31,6394,4418],{"class":259},[31,6396,99],{"class":41},[31,6398,5187],{"class":95},[31,6400,59],{"class":41},[31,6402,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6404,134],{"class":133},[31,6406,137],{"class":41},[31,6408,5937],{"class":133},[31,6410,137],{"class":41},[31,6412,5942],{"class":140},[31,6414,1569],{"class":41},[14,6416,358],{},[21,6418,6419],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,6420,6421],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6422,6423],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6424,4560],{"class":4432},[14,6426,5023],{},[228,6428,6429,6434,6438],{},[231,6430,6431,6433],{},[28,6432,1243],{}," is falsy",[231,6435,6436,6433],{},[28,6437,4352],{},[231,6439,6440,6442],{},[28,6441,559],{}," is truthy",[14,6444,6445,6446,2972,6449,70],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[28,6447,6448],{},"any(values)",[28,6450,4181],{},[14,6452,6453],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[21,6455,6457],{"className":23,"code":6456,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[28,6458,6459,6483],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6460,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6462,4402],{"class":37},[31,6464,89],{"class":88},[31,6466,4200],{"class":41},[31,6468,1243],{"class":95},[31,6470,99],{"class":41},[31,6472,4418],{"class":259},[31,6474,99],{"class":41},[31,6476,4433],{"class":4432},[31,6478,99],{"class":41},[31,6480,4487],{"class":4432},[31,6482,59],{"class":41},[31,6484,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6486,134],{"class":133},[31,6488,137],{"class":41},[31,6490,5937],{"class":133},[31,6492,137],{"class":41},[31,6494,5942],{"class":140},[31,6496,1569],{"class":41},[14,6498,358],{},[21,6500,6501],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,6502,6503],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6504,6505],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6506,4621],{"class":4432},[14,6508,6509,6510,70],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[28,6511,4251],{},[72,6513,6515],{"id":6514},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6517,6518,6520,6521,70],{},[28,6519,5767],{}," is often used with a ",[67,6522,6523],{},"generator expression",[14,6525,6526],{},"This is a common pattern:",[21,6528,6530],{"className":23,"code":6529,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[28,6531,6532],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6533,6534,6536,6538,6541,6544,6547,6549,6551],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6535,5937],{"class":133},[31,6537,137],{"class":41},[31,6539,6540],{"class":140},"condition ",[31,6542,6543],{"class":4457},"for",[31,6545,6546],{"class":140}," item ",[31,6548,4464],{"class":4457},[31,6550,620],{"class":140},[31,6552,120],{"class":41},[14,6554,6555],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6557,6558],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[21,6560,6562],{"className":23,"code":6561,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[28,6563,6564,6591,6595,6622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6565,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576,6579,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6567,85],{"class":37},[31,6569,89],{"class":88},[31,6571,4200],{"class":41},[31,6573,151],{"class":95},[31,6575,99],{"class":41},[31,6577,6578],{"class":95}," 7",[31,6580,99],{"class":41},[31,6582,2799],{"class":88},[31,6584,193],{"class":95},[31,6586,99],{"class":41},[31,6588,1026],{"class":95},[31,6590,59],{"class":41},[31,6592,6593],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6594,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,6596,6597,6599,6601,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6598,1522],{"class":37},[31,6600,89],{"class":88},[31,6602,6603],{"class":133}," any",[31,6605,137],{"class":41},[31,6607,3603],{"class":140},[31,6609,1593],{"class":88},[31,6611,4413],{"class":95},[31,6613,4458],{"class":4457},[31,6615,4461],{"class":140},[31,6617,4464],{"class":4457},[31,6619,1527],{"class":140},[31,6621,120],{"class":41},[31,6623,6624,6626,6628,6630],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,6625,134],{"class":133},[31,6627,137],{"class":41},[31,6629,1550],{"class":140},[31,6631,120],{"class":41},[14,6633,358],{},[21,6635,6636],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,6637,6638],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6639,6640],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6641,4560],{"class":4432},[14,6643,6644,6645,6648],{},"This works because ",[28,6646,6647],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[228,6650,6651,6659,6666],{},[231,6652,6653,6656,6657],{},[28,6654,6655],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[28,6658,4251],{},[231,6660,6661,6656,6664],{},[28,6662,6663],{},"7 \u003C 0",[28,6665,4251],{},[231,6667,6668,6656,6671],{},[28,6669,6670],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[28,6672,4181],{},[14,6674,6675,6676,6678,6679,6681,6682,70],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[28,6677,4181],{}," result, ",[28,6680,5767],{}," can return ",[28,6683,4181],{},[14,6685,6686],{},"Here is another example:",[21,6688,6690],{"className":23,"code":6689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[28,6691,6692,6721,6725,6755],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6693,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6711,6713,6715,6717,6719],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6695,4651],{"class":37},[31,6697,89],{"class":88},[31,6699,4200],{"class":41},[31,6701,260],{"class":259},[31,6703,4660],{"class":263},[31,6705,260],{"class":259},[31,6707,99],{"class":41},[31,6709,6710],{"class":259}," \"\"",[31,6712,99],{"class":41},[31,6714,271],{"class":259},[31,6716,4669],{"class":263},[31,6718,260],{"class":259},[31,6720,59],{"class":41},[31,6722,6723],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6724,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,6726,6727,6730,6732,6734,6736,6739,6741,6743,6745,6748,6750,6753],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6728,6729],{"class":37},"has_empty_string ",[31,6731,89],{"class":88},[31,6733,6603],{"class":133},[31,6735,137],{"class":41},[31,6737,6738],{"class":140},"word ",[31,6740,5271],{"class":88},[31,6742,6710],{"class":259},[31,6744,4458],{"class":4457},[31,6746,6747],{"class":140}," word ",[31,6749,4464],{"class":4457},[31,6751,6752],{"class":140}," words",[31,6754,120],{"class":41},[31,6756,6757,6759,6761,6764],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,6758,134],{"class":133},[31,6760,137],{"class":41},[31,6762,6763],{"class":140},"has_empty_string",[31,6765,120],{"class":41},[14,6767,358],{},[21,6769,6770],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,6771,6772],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6773,6774],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6775,4560],{"class":4432},[14,6777,6778,6779,70],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[264,6780,6782],{"href":6781},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[72,6784,6786],{"id":6785},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6788,6789,6790,48],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[28,6791,4251],{},[21,6793,6795],{"className":23,"code":6794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([]))\n",[28,6796,6797],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6798,6799,6801,6803,6805],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6800,134],{"class":133},[31,6802,137],{"class":41},[31,6804,5937],{"class":133},[31,6806,5010],{"class":41},[14,6808,358],{},[21,6810,6811],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,6812,6813],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6814,6815],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6816,4621],{"class":4432},[14,6818,6819],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6821,6822,6823,6825],{},"The reason is simple: ",[28,6824,5767],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6827,6828],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[21,6830,6832],{"className":23,"code":6831,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[28,6833,6834,6844,6859],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6835,6836,6838,6840,6842],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6837,134],{"class":133},[31,6839,137],{"class":41},[31,6841,5937],{"class":133},[31,6843,5068],{"class":41},[31,6845,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6857],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6847,134],{"class":133},[31,6849,137],{"class":41},[31,6851,5937],{"class":133},[31,6853,137],{"class":41},[31,6855,6856],{"class":259},"\"\"",[31,6858,1569],{"class":41},[31,6860,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6872],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6862,134],{"class":133},[31,6864,137],{"class":41},[31,6866,5937],{"class":133},[31,6868,137],{"class":41},[31,6870,6871],{"class":1561},"set",[31,6873,6874],{"class":41},"()))\n",[14,6876,358],{},[21,6878,6880],{"className":23,"code":6879,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[28,6881,6882,6886,6890],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6883,6884],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6885,4621],{"class":4432},[31,6887,6888],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6889,4621],{"class":4432},[31,6891,6892],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6893,4621],{"class":4432},[72,6895,6897],{"id":6896},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6899,2668,6900,6902],{},[28,6901,5767],{}," when you want to:",[228,6904,6905,6908,6911],{},[231,6906,6907],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[231,6909,6910],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[231,6912,6913],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6915,6916],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[21,6918,6920],{"className":23,"code":6919,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[28,6921,6922,6947,6951,6961,6965,6979,6998,7009,7015,7020],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,6923,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6945],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,6925,85],{"class":37},[31,6927,89],{"class":88},[31,6929,4200],{"class":41},[31,6931,146],{"class":95},[31,6933,99],{"class":41},[31,6935,3027],{"class":95},[31,6937,99],{"class":41},[31,6939,5187],{"class":95},[31,6941,99],{"class":41},[31,6943,6944],{"class":95}," 8",[31,6946,59],{"class":41},[31,6948,6949],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,6950,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,6952,6953,6956,6958],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,6954,6955],{"class":37},"found_even ",[31,6957,89],{"class":88},[31,6959,6960],{"class":4432}," False\n",[31,6962,6963],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,6964,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,6966,6967,6969,6972,6974,6976],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,6968,6543],{"class":4457},[31,6970,6971],{"class":37}," number ",[31,6973,4464],{"class":4457},[31,6975,1527],{"class":37},[31,6977,6978],{"class":41},":\n",[31,6980,6981,6984,6986,6989,6991,6994,6996],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,6982,6983],{"class":4457},"    if",[31,6985,6971],{"class":37},[31,6987,6988],{"class":88},"%",[31,6990,3571],{"class":95},[31,6992,6993],{"class":88}," ==",[31,6995,4413],{"class":95},[31,6997,6978],{"class":41},[31,6999,7001,7004,7006],{"class":33,"line":7000},7,[31,7002,7003],{"class":37},"        found_even ",[31,7005,89],{"class":88},[31,7007,7008],{"class":4432}," True\n",[31,7010,7012],{"class":33,"line":7011},8,[31,7013,7014],{"class":4457},"        break\n",[31,7016,7018],{"class":33,"line":7017},9,[31,7019,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,7021,7023,7025,7027,7030],{"class":33,"line":7022},10,[31,7024,134],{"class":133},[31,7026,137],{"class":41},[31,7028,7029],{"class":140},"found_even",[31,7031,120],{"class":41},[14,7033,7034],{},"You can write:",[21,7036,7038],{"className":23,"code":7037,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[28,7039,7040,7064],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7041,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7062],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7043,85],{"class":37},[31,7045,89],{"class":88},[31,7047,4200],{"class":41},[31,7049,146],{"class":95},[31,7051,99],{"class":41},[31,7053,3027],{"class":95},[31,7055,99],{"class":41},[31,7057,5187],{"class":95},[31,7059,99],{"class":41},[31,7061,6944],{"class":95},[31,7063,59],{"class":41},[31,7065,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7067,134],{"class":133},[31,7069,137],{"class":41},[31,7071,5937],{"class":133},[31,7073,137],{"class":41},[31,7075,2794],{"class":140},[31,7077,6988],{"class":88},[31,7079,3571],{"class":95},[31,7081,6993],{"class":88},[31,7083,4413],{"class":95},[31,7085,4458],{"class":4457},[31,7087,6971],{"class":140},[31,7089,4464],{"class":4457},[31,7091,1527],{"class":140},[31,7093,1569],{"class":41},[14,7095,7096,7097,7099],{},"Both work, but ",[28,7098,5767],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[72,7101,5101],{"id":5100},[14,7103,7104,7105,70],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[28,7106,5767],{},[613,7108,7110],{"id":7109},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,7112,2102],{},[21,7114,7116],{"className":23,"code":7115,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any(5))\n",[28,7117,7118],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7119,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7121,134],{"class":133},[31,7123,137],{"class":41},[31,7125,5937],{"class":133},[31,7127,137],{"class":41},[31,7129,559],{"class":95},[31,7131,1569],{"class":41},[14,7133,7134,7135,7137],{},"It causes an error because ",[28,7136,559],{}," is not iterable.",[14,7139,7140],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[21,7142,7144],{"className":23,"code":7143,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([5]))\n",[28,7145,7146],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7147,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156,7158],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7149,134],{"class":133},[31,7151,137],{"class":41},[31,7153,5937],{"class":133},[31,7155,3564],{"class":41},[31,7157,559],{"class":95},[31,7159,2399],{"class":41},[613,7161,7163],{"id":7162},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,7165,7166,7168,7169,7172],{},[28,7167,5767],{}," needs only ",[67,7170,7171],{},"one"," truthy item.",[21,7174,7176],{"className":23,"code":7175,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[28,7177,7178],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7179,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7181,134],{"class":133},[31,7183,137],{"class":41},[31,7185,5937],{"class":133},[31,7187,3564],{"class":41},[31,7189,4251],{"class":4432},[31,7191,99],{"class":41},[31,7193,4487],{"class":4432},[31,7195,99],{"class":41},[31,7197,4496],{"class":4432},[31,7199,2399],{"class":41},[14,7201,358],{},[21,7203,7204],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,7205,7206],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7207,7208],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7209,4560],{"class":4432},[14,7211,7212,7213,7217],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[264,7214,7215],{"href":6009},[28,7216,4155],{}," instead.",[613,7219,7221],{"id":7220},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,7223,7224,7225,70],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[28,7226,7227],{},"\"True\"",[21,7229,7231],{"className":23,"code":7230,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[28,7232,7233],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7234,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7236,134],{"class":133},[31,7238,137],{"class":41},[31,7240,5937],{"class":133},[31,7242,3564],{"class":41},[31,7244,260],{"class":259},[31,7246,4251],{"class":263},[31,7248,260],{"class":259},[31,7250,2399],{"class":41},[14,7252,358],{},[21,7254,7255],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,7256,7257],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7258,7259],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7260,4560],{"class":4432},[14,7262,7263,7264,7267],{},"That is because ",[28,7265,7266],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[613,7269,7271],{"id":7270},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,7273,7274],{},"This works:",[21,7276,7278],{"className":23,"code":7277,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[28,7279,7280,7300],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7281,7282,7284,7286,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7283,85],{"class":37},[31,7285,89],{"class":88},[31,7287,4200],{"class":41},[31,7289,146],{"class":95},[31,7291,99],{"class":41},[31,7293,3571],{"class":95},[31,7295,99],{"class":41},[31,7297,3027],{"class":95},[31,7299,59],{"class":41},[31,7301,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7303,134],{"class":133},[31,7305,137],{"class":41},[31,7307,5937],{"class":133},[31,7309,3564],{"class":41},[31,7311,3603],{"class":140},[31,7313,4834],{"class":88},[31,7315,3571],{"class":95},[31,7317,4458],{"class":4457},[31,7319,4461],{"class":140},[31,7321,4464],{"class":4457},[31,7323,1527],{"class":140},[31,7325,2399],{"class":41},[14,7327,7328],{},"But this is usually better:",[21,7330,7332],{"className":23,"code":7331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[28,7333,7334,7354],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7335,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7337,85],{"class":37},[31,7339,89],{"class":88},[31,7341,4200],{"class":41},[31,7343,146],{"class":95},[31,7345,99],{"class":41},[31,7347,3571],{"class":95},[31,7349,99],{"class":41},[31,7351,3027],{"class":95},[31,7353,59],{"class":41},[31,7355,7356,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7357,134],{"class":133},[31,7359,137],{"class":41},[31,7361,5937],{"class":133},[31,7363,137],{"class":41},[31,7365,3603],{"class":140},[31,7367,4834],{"class":88},[31,7369,3571],{"class":95},[31,7371,4458],{"class":4457},[31,7373,4461],{"class":140},[31,7375,4464],{"class":4457},[31,7377,1527],{"class":140},[31,7379,1569],{"class":41},[14,7381,7382],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[72,7384,2435],{"id":2434},[613,7386,7388],{"id":7387},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7390,5730,7391,7393,7394,70],{},[28,7392,4181],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[28,7395,4251],{},[613,7397,7399],{"id":7398},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7401,7402,2972,7404,7406],{},[28,7403,5767],{},[28,7405,4251],{}," for an empty iterable.",[613,7408,7410],{"id":7409},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7412,7413,7415,7416,7418],{},[28,7414,5767],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[28,7417,4155],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[613,7420,7422],{"id":7421},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7424,7425],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[21,7427,7428],{"className":23,"code":6529,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,7429,7430],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7431,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7433,5937],{"class":133},[31,7435,137],{"class":41},[31,7437,6540],{"class":140},[31,7439,6543],{"class":4457},[31,7441,6546],{"class":140},[31,7443,4464],{"class":4457},[31,7445,620],{"class":140},[31,7447,120],{"class":41},[14,7449,6056],{},[21,7451,7452],{"className":23,"code":7331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,7453,7454,7474],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7457,85],{"class":37},[31,7459,89],{"class":88},[31,7461,4200],{"class":41},[31,7463,146],{"class":95},[31,7465,99],{"class":41},[31,7467,3571],{"class":95},[31,7469,99],{"class":41},[31,7471,3027],{"class":95},[31,7473,59],{"class":41},[31,7475,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7477,134],{"class":133},[31,7479,137],{"class":41},[31,7481,5937],{"class":133},[31,7483,137],{"class":41},[31,7485,3603],{"class":140},[31,7487,4834],{"class":88},[31,7489,3571],{"class":95},[31,7491,4458],{"class":4457},[31,7493,4461],{"class":140},[31,7495,4464],{"class":4457},[31,7497,1527],{"class":140},[31,7499,1569],{"class":41},[72,7501,2475],{"id":2474},[228,7503,7504,7510,7514,7518,7523],{},[231,7505,7506],{},[264,7507,7508,4085],{"href":6009},[28,7509,4155],{},[231,7511,7512],{},[264,7513,4386],{"href":6362},[231,7515,7516],{},[264,7517,5799],{"href":6171},[231,7519,7520],{},[264,7521,7522],{"href":6781},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[231,7524,7525],{},[264,7526,7527,4085],{"href":6365},[28,7528,4392],{},[2499,7530,7531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":7533},[7534,7535,7536,7537,7538,7539,7540,7541,7547,7553],{"id":5959,"depth":123,"text":5960},{"id":6014,"depth":123,"text":6015},{"id":4307,"depth":123,"text":4308},{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":6514,"depth":123,"text":6515},{"id":6785,"depth":123,"text":6786},{"id":6896,"depth":123,"text":6897},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":7542},[7543,7544,7545,7546],{"id":7109,"depth":130,"text":7110},{"id":7162,"depth":130,"text":7163},{"id":7220,"depth":130,"text":7221},{"id":7270,"depth":130,"text":7271},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":7548},[7549,7550,7551,7552],{"id":7387,"depth":130,"text":7388},{"id":7398,"depth":130,"text":7399},{"id":7409,"depth":130,"text":7410},{"id":7421,"depth":130,"text":7422},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5862,"description":7554},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7560,"title":7561,"body":7562,"description":9695,"extension":2542,"meta":9696,"navigation":126,"path":9697,"seo":9698,"stem":9699,"__hash__":9700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7563,"toc":9658},[7564,7567,7576,7586,7588,7685,7687,7716,7732,7736,7741,7744,7754,7760,7766,7782,7784,7792,7799,7803,7806,7821,7826,7844,7849,7851,7899,7901,7918,7922,7928,7931,7966,7968,8074,8076,8113,8117,8125,8127,8147,8149,8270,8272,8301,8304,8327,8329,8337,8345,8349,8355,8359,8400,8402,8410,8413,8441,8443,8451,8455,8484,8486,8494,8526,8528,8536,8540,8591,8593,8601,8609,8613,8616,8669,8671,8692,8699,8703,8709,8712,8720,8742,8744,8752,8760,8783,8785,8793,8798,8803,8815,8817,8858,8869,8873,8882,8885,8888,8947,8950,9002,9005,9011,9027,9033,9035,9040,9049,9052,9074,9076,9084,9089,9092,9127,9129,9137,9141,9146,9184,9196,9199,9253,9261,9265,9268,9290,9299,9302,9343,9345,9368,9374,9380,9395,9397,9417,9420,9439,9441,9460,9464,9470,9549,9552,9566,9573,9575,9579,9586,9590,9594,9598,9603,9607,9612,9616,9623,9625,9655],[10,7565,7561],{"id":7566},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7568,62,7569,7571,7572,3456,7574,70],{},[28,7570,4392],{}," function converts a value to either ",[28,7573,4181],{},[28,7575,4251],{},[14,7577,7578,7579,7581,7582,7585],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[28,7580,4392],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[28,7583,7584],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[72,7587,4186],{"id":4185},[21,7589,7591],{"className":23,"code":7590,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[28,7592,7593,7607,7621,7635,7653,7663],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7594,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7596,134],{"class":133},[31,7598,137],{"class":41},[31,7600,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7602,137],{"class":41},[31,7604,1243],{"class":95},[31,7606,1569],{"class":41},[31,7608,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7610,134],{"class":133},[31,7612,137],{"class":41},[31,7614,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7616,137],{"class":41},[31,7618,146],{"class":95},[31,7620,1569],{"class":41},[31,7622,7623,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,7624,134],{"class":133},[31,7626,137],{"class":41},[31,7628,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7630,137],{"class":41},[31,7632,6856],{"class":259},[31,7634,1569],{"class":41},[31,7636,7637,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647,7649,7651],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,7638,134],{"class":133},[31,7640,137],{"class":41},[31,7642,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7644,137],{"class":41},[31,7646,260],{"class":259},[31,7648,4425],{"class":263},[31,7650,260],{"class":259},[31,7652,1569],{"class":41},[31,7654,7655,7657,7659,7661],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,7656,134],{"class":133},[31,7658,137],{"class":41},[31,7660,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7662,5010],{"class":41},[31,7664,7665,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681,7683],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,7666,134],{"class":133},[31,7668,137],{"class":41},[31,7670,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7672,3564],{"class":41},[31,7674,146],{"class":95},[31,7676,99],{"class":41},[31,7678,3571],{"class":95},[31,7680,99],{"class":41},[31,7682,3027],{"class":95},[31,7684,2399],{"class":41},[14,7686,6144],{},[21,7688,7690],{"className":23,"code":7689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[28,7691,7692,7696,7700,7704,7708,7712],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7693,7694],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7695,4621],{"class":4432},[31,7697,7698],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7699,4560],{"class":4432},[31,7701,7702],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,7703,4621],{"class":4432},[31,7705,7706],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,7707,4560],{"class":4432},[31,7709,7710],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,7711,4621],{"class":4432},[31,7713,7714],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,7715,4560],{"class":4432},[14,7717,2668,7718,7721,7722,3456,7724,7726,7727,7729,7730,70],{},[28,7719,7720],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[28,7723,4181],{},[28,7725,4251],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[28,7728,4251],{},". Most other values become ",[28,7731,4181],{},[72,7733,7735],{"id":7734},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7737,7738,7740],{},[28,7739,4392],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7742,7743],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[228,7745,7746,7750],{},[231,7747,7748],{},[28,7749,4181],{},[231,7751,7752],{},[28,7753,4251],{},[14,7755,7756,7757,7759],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[28,7758,7584],{}," statements.",[14,7761,7762,7763,7765],{},"You can also call ",[28,7764,4392],{}," with no argument:",[21,7767,7769],{"className":23,"code":7768,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool())\n",[28,7770,7771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7772,7773,7775,7777,7779],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7774,134],{"class":133},[31,7776,137],{"class":41},[31,7778,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7780,7781],{"class":41},"())\n",[14,7783,358],{},[21,7785,7786],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,7787,7788],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7789,7790],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7791,4621],{"class":4432},[14,7793,7794,7795,70],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[264,7796,7798],{"href":7797},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[72,7800,7802],{"id":7801},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7804,7805],{},"The basic syntax is:",[21,7807,7809],{"className":23,"code":7808,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"bool(value)\n",[28,7810,7811],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7812,7813,7815,7817,7819],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7814,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7816,137],{"class":41},[31,7818,3049],{"class":140},[31,7820,120],{"class":41},[14,7822,62,7823,7825],{},[28,7824,3049],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[228,7827,7828,7830,7832,7834,7836,7839,7841],{},[231,7829,141],{},[231,7831,5892],{},[231,7833,5883],{},[231,7835,5886],{},[231,7837,7838],{},"dictionaries",[231,7840,5889],{},[231,7842,7843],{},"other objects",[14,7845,7846,7847,70],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[28,7848,4251],{},[14,7850,242],{},[21,7852,7854],{"className":23,"code":7853,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[28,7855,7856,7870,7889],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7857,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7859,134],{"class":133},[31,7861,137],{"class":41},[31,7863,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7865,137],{"class":41},[31,7867,96],{"class":95},[31,7869,1569],{"class":41},[31,7871,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880,7882,7885,7887],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7873,134],{"class":133},[31,7875,137],{"class":41},[31,7877,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7879,137],{"class":41},[31,7881,260],{"class":259},[31,7883,7884],{"class":263},"Python",[31,7886,260],{"class":259},[31,7888,1569],{"class":41},[31,7890,7891,7893,7895,7897],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,7892,134],{"class":133},[31,7894,137],{"class":41},[31,7896,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7898,7781],{"class":41},[14,7900,358],{},[21,7902,7904],{"className":23,"code":7903,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[28,7905,7906,7910,7914],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7907,7908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7909,4560],{"class":4432},[31,7911,7912],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7913,4560],{"class":4432},[31,7915,7916],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,7917,4621],{"class":4432},[72,7919,7921],{"id":7920},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7923,7924,7925,7927],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[67,7926,6181],{}," values.",[14,7929,7930],{},"Common examples:",[228,7932,7933,7937,7941,7945,7949,7954,7958,7962],{},[231,7934,7935],{},[28,7936,1243],{},[231,7938,7939],{},[28,7940,4347],{},[231,7942,7943],{},[28,7944,6856],{},[231,7946,7947],{},[28,7948,4366],{},[231,7950,7951],{},[28,7952,7953],{},"()",[231,7955,7956],{},[28,7957,4371],{},[231,7959,7960],{},[28,7961,4376],{},[231,7963,7964],{},[28,7965,4357],{},[14,7967,242],{},[21,7969,7971],{"className":23,"code":7970,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[28,7972,7973,7987,8001,8015,8025,8035,8046,8060],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,7974,7975,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,7976,134],{"class":133},[31,7978,137],{"class":41},[31,7980,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7982,137],{"class":41},[31,7984,1243],{"class":95},[31,7986,1569],{"class":41},[31,7988,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997,7999],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,7990,134],{"class":133},[31,7992,137],{"class":41},[31,7994,4448],{"class":1561},[31,7996,137],{"class":41},[31,7998,4347],{"class":95},[31,8000,1569],{"class":41},[31,8002,8003,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8004,134],{"class":133},[31,8006,137],{"class":41},[31,8008,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8010,137],{"class":41},[31,8012,6856],{"class":259},[31,8014,1569],{"class":41},[31,8016,8017,8019,8021,8023],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8018,134],{"class":133},[31,8020,137],{"class":41},[31,8022,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8024,5010],{"class":41},[31,8026,8027,8029,8031,8033],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,8028,134],{"class":133},[31,8030,137],{"class":41},[31,8032,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8034,5068],{"class":41},[31,8036,8037,8039,8041,8043],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,8038,134],{"class":133},[31,8040,137],{"class":41},[31,8042,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8044,8045],{"class":41},"({}))\n",[31,8047,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,8049,134],{"class":133},[31,8051,137],{"class":41},[31,8053,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8055,137],{"class":41},[31,8057,6871],{"class":1561},[31,8059,6874],{"class":41},[31,8061,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,8063,134],{"class":133},[31,8065,137],{"class":41},[31,8067,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8069,137],{"class":41},[31,8071,4357],{"class":4432},[31,8073,1569],{"class":41},[14,8075,358],{},[21,8077,8079],{"className":23,"code":8078,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[28,8080,8081,8085,8089,8093,8097,8101,8105,8109],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8082,8083],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8084,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8086,8087],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8088,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8090,8091],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8092,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8094,8095],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8096,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8098,8099],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,8100,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8102,8103],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,8104,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8106,8107],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,8108,4621],{"class":4432},[31,8110,8111],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,8112,4621],{"class":4432},[72,8114,8116],{"id":8115},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,8118,8119,8120,8122,8123,7927],{},"Many values become ",[28,8121,4181],{},". These are often called ",[67,8124,6178],{},[14,8126,7930],{},[228,8128,8129,8132,8135,8138,8141,8144],{},[231,8130,8131],{},"non-zero numbers",[231,8133,8134],{},"non-empty strings",[231,8136,8137],{},"non-empty lists",[231,8139,8140],{},"non-empty tuples",[231,8142,8143],{},"non-empty sets",[231,8145,8146],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,8148,242],{},[21,8150,8152],{"className":23,"code":8151,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[28,8153,8154,8168,8184,8202,8224,8242],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8155,8156,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8157,134],{"class":133},[31,8159,137],{"class":41},[31,8161,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8163,137],{"class":41},[31,8165,559],{"class":95},[31,8167,1569],{"class":41},[31,8169,8170,8172,8174,8176,8178,8180,8182],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8171,134],{"class":133},[31,8173,137],{"class":41},[31,8175,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8177,137],{"class":41},[31,8179,212],{"class":88},[31,8181,193],{"class":95},[31,8183,1569],{"class":41},[31,8185,8186,8188,8190,8192,8194,8196,8198,8200],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8187,134],{"class":133},[31,8189,137],{"class":41},[31,8191,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8193,137],{"class":41},[31,8195,260],{"class":259},[31,8197,4425],{"class":263},[31,8199,260],{"class":259},[31,8201,1569],{"class":41},[31,8203,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212,8214,8216,8218,8220,8222],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8205,134],{"class":133},[31,8207,137],{"class":41},[31,8209,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8211,3564],{"class":41},[31,8213,146],{"class":95},[31,8215,99],{"class":41},[31,8217,3571],{"class":95},[31,8219,99],{"class":41},[31,8221,3027],{"class":95},[31,8223,2399],{"class":41},[31,8225,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,8227,134],{"class":133},[31,8229,137],{"class":41},[31,8231,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8233,6095],{"class":41},[31,8235,146],{"class":95},[31,8237,99],{"class":41},[31,8239,3571],{"class":95},[31,8241,3490],{"class":41},[31,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254,8257,8259,8261,8263,8266,8268],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,8245,134],{"class":133},[31,8247,137],{"class":41},[31,8249,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8251,6114],{"class":41},[31,8253,260],{"class":259},[31,8255,8256],{"class":263},"name",[31,8258,260],{"class":259},[31,8260,48],{"class":41},[31,8262,271],{"class":259},[31,8264,8265],{"class":263},"Sam",[31,8267,260],{"class":259},[31,8269,6123],{"class":41},[14,8271,358],{},[21,8273,8275],{"className":23,"code":8274,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[28,8276,8277,8281,8285,8289,8293,8297],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8278,8279],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8280,4560],{"class":4432},[31,8282,8283],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8284,4560],{"class":4432},[31,8286,8287],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8288,4560],{"class":4432},[31,8290,8291],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8292,4560],{"class":4432},[31,8294,8295],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,8296,4560],{"class":4432},[31,8298,8299],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,8300,4560],{"class":4432},[14,8302,8303],{},"One important example is this:",[21,8305,8307],{"className":23,"code":8306,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[28,8308,8309],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8310,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8323,8325],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8312,134],{"class":133},[31,8314,137],{"class":41},[31,8316,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8318,137],{"class":41},[31,8320,260],{"class":259},[31,8322,4251],{"class":263},[31,8324,260],{"class":259},[31,8326,1569],{"class":41},[14,8328,358],{},[21,8330,8331],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8332,8333],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8334,8335],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8336,4560],{"class":4432},[14,8338,8339,8340,8342,8343,70],{},"Even though the text says ",[28,8341,7266],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[28,8344,4181],{},[72,8346,8348],{"id":8347},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,8350,8351,8352,8354],{},"You can use ",[28,8353,4392],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[613,8356,8358],{"id":8357},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[21,8360,8362],{"className":23,"code":8361,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[28,8363,8364,8385],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8365,8366,8369,8371,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8367,8368],{"class":37},"items ",[31,8370,89],{"class":88},[31,8372,4200],{"class":41},[31,8374,96],{"class":95},[31,8376,99],{"class":41},[31,8378,102],{"class":95},[31,8380,99],{"class":41},[31,8382,107],{"class":95},[31,8384,59],{"class":41},[31,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8398],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8388,134],{"class":133},[31,8390,137],{"class":41},[31,8392,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8394,137],{"class":41},[31,8396,8397],{"class":140},"items",[31,8399,1569],{"class":41},[14,8401,358],{},[21,8403,8404],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8405,8406],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8407,8408],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8409,4560],{"class":4432},[14,8411,8412],{},"With an empty list:",[21,8414,8416],{"className":23,"code":8415,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[28,8417,8418,8427],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8419,8420,8422,8424],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8421,8368],{"class":37},[31,8423,89],{"class":88},[31,8425,8426],{"class":41}," []\n",[31,8428,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8430,134],{"class":133},[31,8432,137],{"class":41},[31,8434,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8436,137],{"class":41},[31,8438,8397],{"class":140},[31,8440,1569],{"class":41},[14,8442,358],{},[21,8444,8445],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8446,8447],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8448,8449],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8450,4621],{"class":4432},[613,8452,8454],{"id":8453},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[21,8456,8458],{"className":23,"code":8457,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[28,8459,8460,8470],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8461,8462,8465,8467],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8463,8464],{"class":37},"name ",[31,8466,89],{"class":88},[31,8468,8469],{"class":259}," \"\"\n",[31,8471,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8473,134],{"class":133},[31,8475,137],{"class":41},[31,8477,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8479,137],{"class":41},[31,8481,8256],{"class":140},[31,8483,1569],{"class":41},[14,8485,358],{},[21,8487,8488],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8489,8490],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8491,8492],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8493,4621],{"class":4432},[21,8495,8497],{"className":23,"code":8496,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[28,8498,8499,8512],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8500,8501,8503,8505,8507,8510],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8502,8464],{"class":37},[31,8504,89],{"class":88},[31,8506,271],{"class":259},[31,8508,8509],{"class":263},"Mia",[31,8511,3934],{"class":259},[31,8513,8514,8516,8518,8520,8522,8524],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8515,134],{"class":133},[31,8517,137],{"class":41},[31,8519,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8521,137],{"class":41},[31,8523,8256],{"class":140},[31,8525,1569],{"class":41},[14,8527,358],{},[21,8529,8530],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8531,8532],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8533,8534],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8535,4560],{"class":4432},[613,8537,8539],{"id":8538},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[21,8541,8543],{"className":23,"code":8542,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[28,8544,8545,8559,8576,8580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8546,8547,8550,8552,8554,8557],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8548,8549],{"class":37},"username ",[31,8551,89],{"class":88},[31,8553,271],{"class":259},[31,8555,8556],{"class":263},"alex",[31,8558,3934],{"class":259},[31,8560,8561,8564,8566,8569,8571,8574],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8562,8563],{"class":37},"has_name ",[31,8565,89],{"class":88},[31,8567,8568],{"class":1561}," bool",[31,8570,137],{"class":41},[31,8572,8573],{"class":140},"username",[31,8575,120],{"class":41},[31,8577,8578],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8579,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,8581,8582,8584,8586,8589],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8583,134],{"class":133},[31,8585,137],{"class":41},[31,8587,8588],{"class":140},"has_name",[31,8590,120],{"class":41},[14,8592,358],{},[21,8594,8595],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8596,8597],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8598,8599],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8600,4560],{"class":4432},[14,8602,8603,8604,3456,8606,8608],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[28,8605,4181],{},[28,8607,4251],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[613,8610,8612],{"id":8611},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8614,8615],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[21,8617,8619],{"className":23,"code":8618,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[28,8620,8621,8641,8645,8653],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8622,8623,8625,8627,8629,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8624,85],{"class":37},[31,8626,89],{"class":88},[31,8628,4200],{"class":41},[31,8630,146],{"class":95},[31,8632,99],{"class":41},[31,8634,3571],{"class":95},[31,8636,99],{"class":41},[31,8638,3027],{"class":95},[31,8640,59],{"class":41},[31,8642,8643],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8644,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,8646,8647,8649,8651],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8648,7584],{"class":4457},[31,8650,1527],{"class":37},[31,8652,6978],{"class":41},[31,8654,8655,8658,8660,8662,8665,8667],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8656,8657],{"class":133},"    print",[31,8659,137],{"class":41},[31,8661,260],{"class":259},[31,8663,8664],{"class":263},"The list is not empty",[31,8666,260],{"class":259},[31,8668,120],{"class":41},[14,8670,358],{},[21,8672,8674],{"className":23,"code":8673,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"The list is not empty\n",[28,8675,8676],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8677,8678,8680,8683,8686,8689],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8679,62],{"class":37},[31,8681,8682],{"class":1561},"list",[31,8684,8685],{"class":88}," is",[31,8687,8688],{"class":88}," not",[31,8690,8691],{"class":37}," empty\n",[14,8693,8694,8695,70],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[264,8696,8698],{"href":8697},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[72,8700,8702],{"id":8701},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8704,8705,8706,8708],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[28,8707,4392],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8710,8711],{},"It does not do that.",[613,8713,8715,2972,8718],{"id":8714},"boolfalse-returns-true",[28,8716,8717],{},"bool(\"False\")",[28,8719,4181],{},[21,8721,8722],{"className":23,"code":8306,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8723,8724],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8725,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734,8736,8738,8740],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8727,134],{"class":133},[31,8729,137],{"class":41},[31,8731,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8733,137],{"class":41},[31,8735,260],{"class":259},[31,8737,4251],{"class":263},[31,8739,260],{"class":259},[31,8741,1569],{"class":41},[14,8743,358],{},[21,8745,8746],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8747,8748],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8749,8750],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8751,4560],{"class":4432},[613,8753,8755,2972,8758],{"id":8754},"bool0-returns-true",[28,8756,8757],{},"bool(\"0\")",[28,8759,4181],{},[21,8761,8763],{"className":23,"code":8762,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[28,8764,8765],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8766,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8768,134],{"class":133},[31,8770,137],{"class":41},[31,8772,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8774,137],{"class":41},[31,8776,260],{"class":259},[31,8778,1243],{"class":263},[31,8780,260],{"class":259},[31,8782,1569],{"class":41},[14,8784,358],{},[21,8786,8787],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,8788,8789],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8790,8791],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8792,4560],{"class":4432},[14,8794,8795,8796,70],{},"This happens because both values are ",[67,8797,8134],{},[14,8799,8800,8802],{},[28,8801,4392],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8804,8805,8806,8811,8812,8814],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[264,8807,8809],{"href":8808},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[28,8810,3536],{},", because ",[28,8813,3536],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8816,242],{},[21,8818,8820],{"className":23,"code":8819,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[28,8821,8822,8843],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8823,8824,8827,8829,8832,8834,8836,8839,8841],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8825,8826],{"class":37},"user_value ",[31,8828,89],{"class":88},[31,8830,8831],{"class":133}," input",[31,8833,137],{"class":41},[31,8835,260],{"class":259},[31,8837,8838],{"class":263},"Enter True or False: ",[31,8840,260],{"class":259},[31,8842,120],{"class":41},[31,8844,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8856],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8846,134],{"class":133},[31,8848,137],{"class":41},[31,8850,4448],{"class":1561},[31,8852,137],{"class":41},[31,8854,8855],{"class":140},"user_value",[31,8857,1569],{"class":41},[14,8859,8860,8861,8863,8864,8811,8866,8868],{},"If the user types ",[28,8862,4251],{},", the result will still be ",[28,8865,4181],{},[28,8867,7266],{}," is not empty.",[72,8870,8872],{"id":8871},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8874,8875,8876,8878,8879,8881],{},"In many ",[28,8877,7584],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[28,8880,4392],{}," yourself.",[14,8883,8884],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8886,8887],{},"Instead of this:",[21,8889,8891],{"className":23,"code":8890,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[28,8892,8893,8914,8918,8932],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8894,8895,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8896,8897],{"class":37},"my_list ",[31,8899,89],{"class":88},[31,8901,4200],{"class":41},[31,8903,146],{"class":95},[31,8905,99],{"class":41},[31,8907,3571],{"class":95},[31,8909,99],{"class":41},[31,8911,3027],{"class":95},[31,8913,59],{"class":41},[31,8915,8916],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8917,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,8919,8920,8922,8924,8926,8929],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8921,7584],{"class":4457},[31,8923,8568],{"class":1561},[31,8925,137],{"class":41},[31,8927,8928],{"class":140},"my_list",[31,8930,8931],{"class":41},"):\n",[31,8933,8934,8936,8938,8940,8943,8945],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8935,8657],{"class":133},[31,8937,137],{"class":41},[31,8939,260],{"class":259},[31,8941,8942],{"class":263},"List has items",[31,8944,260],{"class":259},[31,8946,120],{"class":41},[14,8948,8949],{},"You can simply write:",[21,8951,8953],{"className":23,"code":8952,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[28,8954,8955,8975,8979,8988],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,8956,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971,8973],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,8958,8897],{"class":37},[31,8960,89],{"class":88},[31,8962,4200],{"class":41},[31,8964,146],{"class":95},[31,8966,99],{"class":41},[31,8968,3571],{"class":95},[31,8970,99],{"class":41},[31,8972,3027],{"class":95},[31,8974,59],{"class":41},[31,8976,8977],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,8978,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,8980,8981,8983,8986],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,8982,7584],{"class":4457},[31,8984,8985],{"class":37}," my_list",[31,8987,6978],{"class":41},[31,8989,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,8991,8657],{"class":133},[31,8993,137],{"class":41},[31,8995,260],{"class":259},[31,8997,8942],{"class":263},[31,8999,260],{"class":259},[31,9001,120],{"class":41},[14,9003,9004],{},"Both examples work.",[14,9006,9007,9008,9010],{},"Using ",[28,9009,4392],{}," is still helpful when:",[228,9012,9013,9016,9024],{},[231,9014,9015],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[231,9017,9018,9019,3456,9021,9023],{},"you want to store a real ",[28,9020,4181],{},[28,9022,4251],{}," value",[231,9025,9026],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,9028,9029,9030,70],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[264,9031,9032],{"href":2875},"Python type() function explained",[72,9034,3407],{"id":3406},[14,9036,9037,9038,70],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[28,9039,4392],{},[613,9041,9043,9044,9046,9047],{"id":9042},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[28,9045,8717],{}," to return ",[28,9048,4251],{},[14,9050,9051],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[21,9053,9054],{"className":23,"code":8306,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,9055,9056],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9057,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9059,134],{"class":133},[31,9061,137],{"class":41},[31,9063,4448],{"class":1561},[31,9065,137],{"class":41},[31,9067,260],{"class":259},[31,9069,4251],{"class":263},[31,9071,260],{"class":259},[31,9073,1569],{"class":41},[14,9075,358],{},[21,9077,9078],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,9079,9080],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9081,9082],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9083,4560],{"class":4432},[14,9085,9086,9087,7267],{},"Why? Because ",[28,9088,7266],{},[14,9090,9091],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[21,9093,9095],{"className":23,"code":9094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[28,9096,9097,9109],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9098,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9100,3022],{"class":37},[31,9102,89],{"class":88},[31,9104,271],{"class":259},[31,9106,4251],{"class":263},[31,9108,3934],{"class":259},[31,9110,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9112,134],{"class":133},[31,9114,137],{"class":41},[31,9116,3022],{"class":140},[31,9118,5271],{"class":88},[31,9120,271],{"class":259},[31,9122,4181],{"class":263},[31,9124,260],{"class":259},[31,9126,120],{"class":41},[14,9128,358],{},[21,9130,9131],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,9132,9133],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9134,9135],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9136,4621],{"class":4432},[613,9138,9140],{"id":9139},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,9142,9143,9145],{},[28,9144,3536],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[21,9147,9149],{"className":23,"code":9148,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[28,9150,9151,9170],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9152,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163,9166,9168],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9154,3022],{"class":37},[31,9156,89],{"class":88},[31,9158,8831],{"class":133},[31,9160,137],{"class":41},[31,9162,260],{"class":259},[31,9164,9165],{"class":263},"Enter yes or no: ",[31,9167,260],{"class":259},[31,9169,120],{"class":41},[31,9171,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9173,134],{"class":133},[31,9175,137],{"class":41},[31,9177,4448],{"class":1561},[31,9179,137],{"class":41},[31,9181,3049],{"class":140},[31,9183,1569],{"class":41},[14,9185,8860,9186,9189,9190,9192,9193,8868],{},[28,9187,9188],{},"no",", the result is still ",[28,9191,4181],{}," because ",[28,9194,9195],{},"\"no\"",[14,9197,9198],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[21,9200,9202],{"className":23,"code":9201,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[28,9203,9204,9234],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9205,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9223,9226,9229,9232],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9207,3022],{"class":37},[31,9209,89],{"class":88},[31,9211,8831],{"class":133},[31,9213,137],{"class":41},[31,9215,260],{"class":259},[31,9217,9165],{"class":263},[31,9219,260],{"class":259},[31,9221,9222],{"class":41},").",[31,9224,9225],{"class":140},"strip",[31,9227,9228],{"class":41},"().",[31,9230,9231],{"class":140},"lower",[31,9233,1772],{"class":41},[31,9235,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9249,9251],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9237,134],{"class":133},[31,9239,137],{"class":41},[31,9241,3022],{"class":140},[31,9243,5271],{"class":88},[31,9245,271],{"class":259},[31,9247,9248],{"class":263},"yes",[31,9250,260],{"class":259},[31,9252,120],{"class":41},[14,9254,9255,9256,9258,9259,70],{},"This gives ",[28,9257,4181],{}," only when the user enters ",[28,9260,9248],{},[613,9262,9264],{"id":9263},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,9266,9267],{},"These are different:",[228,9269,9270,9274,9278,9282,9286],{},[231,9271,9272],{},[28,9273,4251],{},[231,9275,9276],{},[28,9277,1243],{},[231,9279,9280],{},[28,9281,6856],{},[231,9283,9284],{},[28,9285,4366],{},[231,9287,9288],{},[28,9289,4357],{},[14,9291,9292,9293,9295,9296,9298],{},"They all become ",[28,9294,4251],{}," with ",[28,9297,4392],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,9300,9301],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[21,9303,9305],{"className":23,"code":9304,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[28,9306,9307,9315,9329],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9308,9309,9311,9313],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9310,3022],{"class":37},[31,9312,89],{"class":88},[31,9314,8426],{"class":41},[31,9316,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9318,134],{"class":133},[31,9320,137],{"class":41},[31,9322,1562],{"class":1561},[31,9324,137],{"class":41},[31,9326,3049],{"class":140},[31,9328,1569],{"class":41},[31,9330,9331,9333,9335,9337,9339,9341],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,9332,134],{"class":133},[31,9334,137],{"class":41},[31,9336,4448],{"class":1561},[31,9338,137],{"class":41},[31,9340,3049],{"class":140},[31,9342,1569],{"class":41},[14,9344,358],{},[21,9346,9348],{"className":23,"code":9347,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[28,9349,9350,9364],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9351,9352,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9353,1593],{"class":88},[31,9355,1597],{"class":1596},[31,9357,379],{"class":259},[31,9359,8682],{"class":263},[31,9361,370],{"class":259},[31,9363,1606],{"class":88},[31,9365,9366],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9367,4621],{"class":4432},[613,9369,9007,9371,9373],{"id":9370},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[28,9372,4371],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9375,9376,9377,9379],{},"In Python, ",[28,9378,4371],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[21,9381,9383],{"className":23,"code":9382,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type({}))\n",[28,9384,9385],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9386,9387,9389,9391,9393],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9388,134],{"class":133},[31,9390,137],{"class":41},[31,9392,1562],{"class":1561},[31,9394,8045],{"class":41},[14,9396,358],{},[21,9398,9400],{"className":23,"code":9399,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[28,9401,9402],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9403,9404,9406,9408,9410,9413,9415],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9405,1593],{"class":88},[31,9407,1597],{"class":1596},[31,9409,379],{"class":259},[31,9411,9412],{"class":263},"dict",[31,9414,370],{"class":259},[31,9416,1606],{"class":88},[14,9418,9419],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[21,9421,9423],{"className":23,"code":9422,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(set()))\n",[28,9424,9425],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9426,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9428,134],{"class":133},[31,9430,137],{"class":41},[31,9432,1562],{"class":1561},[31,9434,137],{"class":41},[31,9436,6871],{"class":1561},[31,9438,6874],{"class":41},[14,9440,358],{},[21,9442,9444],{"className":23,"code":9443,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[28,9445,9446],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9447,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9449,1593],{"class":88},[31,9451,1597],{"class":1596},[31,9453,379],{"class":259},[31,9455,6871],{"class":263},[31,9457,370],{"class":259},[31,9459,1606],{"class":88},[72,9461,9463],{"id":9462},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9465,9466,9467,9469],{},"If ",[28,9468,4392],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[21,9471,9473],{"className":23,"code":9472,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[28,9474,9475,9489,9503,9513,9531],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9476,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9478,134],{"class":133},[31,9480,137],{"class":41},[31,9482,4448],{"class":1561},[31,9484,137],{"class":41},[31,9486,3049],{"class":140},[31,9488,1569],{"class":41},[31,9490,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9492,134],{"class":133},[31,9494,137],{"class":41},[31,9496,1562],{"class":1561},[31,9498,137],{"class":41},[31,9500,3049],{"class":140},[31,9502,1569],{"class":41},[31,9504,9505,9507,9509,9511],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,9506,134],{"class":133},[31,9508,137],{"class":41},[31,9510,3049],{"class":140},[31,9512,120],{"class":41},[31,9514,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,9516,134],{"class":133},[31,9518,137],{"class":41},[31,9520,3022],{"class":140},[31,9522,5271],{"class":88},[31,9524,271],{"class":259},[31,9526,4181],{"class":263},[31,9528,260],{"class":259},[31,9530,120],{"class":41},[31,9532,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,9534,134],{"class":133},[31,9536,137],{"class":41},[31,9538,3049],{"class":140},[31,9540,70],{"class":41},[31,9542,9225],{"class":140},[31,9544,9228],{"class":41},[31,9546,9231],{"class":140},[31,9548,7781],{"class":41},[14,9550,9551],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[228,9553,9554,9557,9560,9563],{},[231,9555,9556],{},"what the value really is",[231,9558,9559],{},"whether it is a string",[231,9561,9562],{},"whether it contains spaces",[231,9564,9565],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9567,9568,9569,70],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[264,9570,9572],{"href":9571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[72,9574,2435],{"id":2434},[613,9576,9578],{"id":9577},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9580,9581,9582,3456,9584,70],{},"It returns either ",[28,9583,4181],{},[28,9585,4251],{},[613,9587,9589],{"id":9588},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9591,5730,9592,70],{},[28,9593,4251],{},[613,9595,9597],{"id":9596},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9599,9600,9601,70],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[28,9602,4181],{},[613,9604,9606],{"id":9605},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9608,9609,9610,70],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[28,9611,4251],{},[613,9613,9615],{"id":9614},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9617,9618,9619,3456,9621,4316],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[28,9620,4181],{},[28,9622,4251],{},[72,9624,2475],{"id":2474},[228,9626,9627,9632,9636,9641,9645,9650],{},[231,9628,9629],{},[264,9630,9631],{"href":6362},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[231,9633,9634],{},[264,9635,8698],{"href":8697},[231,9637,9638],{},[264,9639,9640],{"href":8808},"Python input() function explained",[231,9642,9643],{},[264,9644,9032],{"href":2875},[231,9646,9647],{},[264,9648,9649],{"href":9571},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[231,9651,9652],{},[264,9653,9654],{"href":7797},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2499,9656,9657],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":9659},[9660,9661,9662,9663,9664,9665,9671,9677,9678,9686,9687,9694],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":7734,"depth":123,"text":7735},{"id":7801,"depth":123,"text":7802},{"id":7920,"depth":123,"text":7921},{"id":8115,"depth":123,"text":8116},{"id":8347,"depth":123,"text":8348,"children":9666},[9667,9668,9669,9670],{"id":8357,"depth":130,"text":8358},{"id":8453,"depth":130,"text":8454},{"id":8538,"depth":130,"text":8539},{"id":8611,"depth":130,"text":8612},{"id":8701,"depth":123,"text":8702,"children":9672},[9673,9675],{"id":8714,"depth":130,"text":9674},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8754,"depth":130,"text":9676},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8871,"depth":123,"text":8872},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":9679},[9680,9682,9683,9684],{"id":9042,"depth":130,"text":9681},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9139,"depth":130,"text":9140},{"id":9263,"depth":130,"text":9264},{"id":9370,"depth":130,"text":9685},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9462,"depth":123,"text":9463},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":9688},[9689,9690,9691,9692,9693],{"id":9577,"depth":130,"text":9578},{"id":9588,"depth":130,"text":9589},{"id":9596,"depth":130,"text":9597},{"id":9605,"depth":130,"text":9606},{"id":9614,"depth":130,"text":9615},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7561,"description":9695},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9702,"title":9703,"body":9704,"description":11896,"extension":2542,"meta":11897,"navigation":126,"path":11898,"seo":11899,"stem":11900,"__hash__":11901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9705,"toc":11858},[9706,9712,9718,9725,9730,9741,9748,9856,9860,9929,9934,9939,9944,9947,9958,9963,9966,9977,9984,9986,9991,9995,10020,10024,10033,10037,10100,10104,10137,10141,10186,10190,10227,10231,10234,10290,10294,10339,10342,10347,10386,10390,10413,10416,10430,10443,10447,10452,10519,10523,10559,10562,10570,10573,10637,10641,10673,10679,10681,10741,10748,10751,10829,10833,10866,10870,10873,10917,10921,10957,10960,10977,10980,10983,11036,11039,11050,11057,11066,11069,11127,11131,11172,11180,11188,11194,11202,11214,11219,11230,11303,11306,11318,11334,11338,11343,11347,11349,11392,11398,11401,11464,11468,11471,11480,11485,11522,11526,11529,11537,11540,11579,11583,11586,11637,11641,11662,11669,11671,11677,11704,11707,11761,11763,11774,11776,11783,11791,11797,11802,11809,11812,11819,11826,11828,11855],[10,9707,4152,9709,4156],{"id":9708},"python-dict-function-explained",[28,9710,9711],{},"dict()",[14,9713,9714,9715,9717],{},"The built-in ",[28,9716,9711],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9719,9720,9721,9724],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[67,9722,9723],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9726,9727,9729],{},[28,9728,9711],{}," is commonly used to:",[228,9731,9732,9735,9738],{},[231,9733,9734],{},"create an empty dictionary",[231,9736,9737],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[231,9739,9740],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9742,9743,9744,70],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[264,9745,9747],{"href":9746},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[21,9749,9751],{"className":23,"code":9750,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[28,9752,9753,9788,9799,9803,9841],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9754,9755,9758,9760,9763,9765,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9781,9783,9786],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9756,9757],{"class":37},"data ",[31,9759,89],{"class":88},[31,9761,9762],{"class":1561}," dict",[31,9764,137],{"class":41},[31,9766,8256],{"class":9767},"s99_P",[31,9769,89],{"class":88},[31,9771,370],{"class":259},[31,9773,5587],{"class":263},[31,9775,370],{"class":259},[31,9777,99],{"class":41},[31,9779,9780],{"class":9767}," age",[31,9782,89],{"class":88},[31,9784,9785],{"class":95},"25",[31,9787,120],{"class":41},[31,9789,9790,9792,9794,9797],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9791,134],{"class":133},[31,9793,137],{"class":41},[31,9795,9796],{"class":140},"data",[31,9798,120],{"class":41},[31,9800,9801],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,9802,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,9804,9805,9808,9810,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,9806,9807],{"class":37},"pairs ",[31,9809,89],{"class":88},[31,9811,9812],{"class":41}," [(",[31,9814,370],{"class":259},[31,9816,264],{"class":263},[31,9818,370],{"class":259},[31,9820,99],{"class":41},[31,9822,6082],{"class":95},[31,9824,9825],{"class":41},"),",[31,9827,92],{"class":41},[31,9829,370],{"class":259},[31,9831,274],{"class":263},[31,9833,370],{"class":259},[31,9835,99],{"class":41},[31,9837,3571],{"class":95},[31,9839,9840],{"class":41},")]\n",[31,9842,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9854],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,9844,134],{"class":133},[31,9846,137],{"class":41},[31,9848,9412],{"class":1561},[31,9850,137],{"class":41},[31,9852,9853],{"class":140},"pairs",[31,9855,1569],{"class":41},[14,9857,9858],{},[67,9859,358],{},[21,9861,9863],{"className":23,"code":9862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[28,9864,9865,9901],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,9866,9867,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9891,9893,9895,9898],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,9868,9869],{"class":41},"{",[31,9871,370],{"class":259},[31,9873,8256],{"class":263},[31,9875,370],{"class":259},[31,9877,48],{"class":41},[31,9879,379],{"class":259},[31,9881,5587],{"class":263},[31,9883,370],{"class":259},[31,9885,99],{"class":41},[31,9887,379],{"class":259},[31,9889,9890],{"class":263},"age",[31,9892,370],{"class":259},[31,9894,48],{"class":41},[31,9896,9897],{"class":95}," 25",[31,9899,9900],{"class":41},"}\n",[31,9902,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,9904,9869],{"class":41},[31,9906,370],{"class":259},[31,9908,264],{"class":263},[31,9910,370],{"class":259},[31,9912,48],{"class":41},[31,9914,6082],{"class":95},[31,9916,99],{"class":41},[31,9918,379],{"class":259},[31,9920,274],{"class":263},[31,9922,370],{"class":259},[31,9924,48],{"class":41},[31,9926,3571],{"class":95},[31,9928,9900],{"class":41},[14,9930,2668,9931,9933],{},[28,9932,9711],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[72,9935,4255,9937,4258],{"id":9936},"what-dict-does",[28,9938,9711],{},[14,9940,9941,9943],{},[28,9942,9711],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9945,9946],{},"A dictionary:",[228,9948,9949,9952,9955],{},[231,9950,9951],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[231,9953,9954],{},"lets you look up values by key",[231,9956,9957],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9959,9960,9962],{},[28,9961,9711],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9964,9965],{},"Common uses include:",[228,9967,9968,9971,9974],{},[231,9969,9970],{},"making an empty dictionary",[231,9972,9973],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[231,9975,9976],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9978,9979,9980,70],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[264,9981,9983],{"href":9982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[72,9985,2733],{"id":2732},[14,9987,9988,9990],{},[28,9989,9711],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[613,9992,9994],{"id":9993},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[21,9996,9998],{"className":23,"code":9997,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[28,9999,10000,10010],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10001,10002,10004,10006,10008],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10003,9757],{"class":37},[31,10005,89],{"class":88},[31,10007,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10009,1772],{"class":41},[31,10011,10012,10014,10016,10018],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10013,134],{"class":133},[31,10015,137],{"class":41},[31,10017,9796],{"class":140},[31,10019,120],{"class":41},[14,10021,10022],{},[67,10023,358],{},[21,10025,10027],{"className":23,"code":10026,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{}\n",[28,10028,10029],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10030,10031],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10032,10026],{"class":41},[613,10034,10036],{"id":10035},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[21,10038,10040],{"className":23,"code":10039,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[28,10041,10042,10076,10090],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10043,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10045,9807],{"class":37},[31,10047,89],{"class":88},[31,10049,9812],{"class":41},[31,10051,370],{"class":259},[31,10053,264],{"class":263},[31,10055,370],{"class":259},[31,10057,99],{"class":41},[31,10059,6082],{"class":95},[31,10061,9825],{"class":41},[31,10063,92],{"class":41},[31,10065,370],{"class":259},[31,10067,274],{"class":263},[31,10069,370],{"class":259},[31,10071,99],{"class":41},[31,10073,3571],{"class":95},[31,10075,9840],{"class":41},[31,10077,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10079,9757],{"class":37},[31,10081,89],{"class":88},[31,10083,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10085,137],{"class":41},[31,10087,9853],{"class":140},[31,10089,120],{"class":41},[31,10091,10092,10094,10096,10098],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,10093,134],{"class":133},[31,10095,137],{"class":41},[31,10097,9796],{"class":140},[31,10099,120],{"class":41},[14,10101,10102],{},[67,10103,358],{},[21,10105,10107],{"className":23,"code":10106,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[28,10108,10109],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10110,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10112,9869],{"class":41},[31,10114,370],{"class":259},[31,10116,264],{"class":263},[31,10118,370],{"class":259},[31,10120,48],{"class":41},[31,10122,6082],{"class":95},[31,10124,99],{"class":41},[31,10126,379],{"class":259},[31,10128,274],{"class":263},[31,10130,370],{"class":259},[31,10132,48],{"class":41},[31,10134,3571],{"class":95},[31,10136,9900],{"class":41},[613,10138,10140],{"id":10139},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[21,10142,10144],{"className":23,"code":10143,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[28,10145,10146,10176],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10147,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10149,9757],{"class":37},[31,10151,89],{"class":88},[31,10153,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10155,137],{"class":41},[31,10157,8256],{"class":9767},[31,10159,89],{"class":88},[31,10161,370],{"class":259},[31,10163,5587],{"class":263},[31,10165,370],{"class":259},[31,10167,99],{"class":41},[31,10169,9780],{"class":9767},[31,10171,89],{"class":88},[31,10173,9785],{"class":95},[31,10175,120],{"class":41},[31,10177,10178,10180,10182,10184],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10179,134],{"class":133},[31,10181,137],{"class":41},[31,10183,9796],{"class":140},[31,10185,120],{"class":41},[14,10187,10188],{},[67,10189,358],{},[21,10191,10193],{"className":23,"code":10192,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[28,10194,10195],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10196,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10198,9869],{"class":41},[31,10200,370],{"class":259},[31,10202,8256],{"class":263},[31,10204,370],{"class":259},[31,10206,48],{"class":41},[31,10208,379],{"class":259},[31,10210,5587],{"class":263},[31,10212,370],{"class":259},[31,10214,99],{"class":41},[31,10216,379],{"class":259},[31,10218,9890],{"class":263},[31,10220,370],{"class":259},[31,10222,48],{"class":41},[31,10224,9897],{"class":95},[31,10226,9900],{"class":41},[613,10228,10230],{"id":10229},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,10232,10233],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[21,10235,10237],{"className":23,"code":10236,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[28,10238,10239,10280],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10240,10241,10243,10245,10247,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10274,10276,10278],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10242,9757],{"class":37},[31,10244,89],{"class":88},[31,10246,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10248,10249],{"class":41},"([(",[31,10251,370],{"class":259},[31,10253,264],{"class":263},[31,10255,370],{"class":259},[31,10257,99],{"class":41},[31,10259,6082],{"class":95},[31,10261,10262],{"class":41},")],",[31,10264,3135],{"class":9767},[31,10266,89],{"class":88},[31,10268,193],{"class":95},[31,10270,99],{"class":41},[31,10272,10273],{"class":9767}," c",[31,10275,89],{"class":88},[31,10277,173],{"class":95},[31,10279,120],{"class":41},[31,10281,10282,10284,10286,10288],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10283,134],{"class":133},[31,10285,137],{"class":41},[31,10287,9796],{"class":140},[31,10289,120],{"class":41},[14,10291,10292],{},[67,10293,358],{},[21,10295,10297],{"className":23,"code":10296,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[28,10298,10299],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10300,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10302,9869],{"class":41},[31,10304,370],{"class":259},[31,10306,264],{"class":263},[31,10308,370],{"class":259},[31,10310,48],{"class":41},[31,10312,6082],{"class":95},[31,10314,99],{"class":41},[31,10316,379],{"class":259},[31,10318,274],{"class":263},[31,10320,370],{"class":259},[31,10322,48],{"class":41},[31,10324,3571],{"class":95},[31,10326,99],{"class":41},[31,10328,379],{"class":259},[31,10330,283],{"class":263},[31,10332,370],{"class":259},[31,10334,48],{"class":41},[31,10336,3027],{"class":95},[31,10338,9900],{"class":41},[72,10340,9994],{"id":10341},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,10343,2668,10344,10346],{},[28,10345,9711],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[21,10348,10350],{"className":23,"code":10349,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[28,10351,10352,10362,10376],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10355,9757],{"class":37},[31,10357,89],{"class":88},[31,10359,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10361,1772],{"class":41},[31,10363,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10365,134],{"class":133},[31,10367,137],{"class":41},[31,10369,1562],{"class":1561},[31,10371,137],{"class":41},[31,10373,9796],{"class":140},[31,10375,1569],{"class":41},[31,10377,10378,10380,10382,10384],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,10379,134],{"class":133},[31,10381,137],{"class":41},[31,10383,9796],{"class":140},[31,10385,120],{"class":41},[14,10387,10388],{},[67,10389,358],{},[21,10391,10393],{"className":23,"code":10392,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[28,10394,10395,10409],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10396,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10398,1593],{"class":88},[31,10400,1597],{"class":1596},[31,10402,379],{"class":259},[31,10404,9412],{"class":263},[31,10406,370],{"class":259},[31,10408,1606],{"class":88},[31,10410,10411],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10412,10026],{"class":41},[14,10414,10415],{},"This gives the same result as:",[21,10417,10419],{"className":23,"code":10418,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {}\n",[28,10420,10421],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10422,10423,10425,10427],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10424,9757],{"class":37},[31,10426,89],{"class":88},[31,10428,10429],{"class":41}," {}\n",[14,10431,10432,10433,10435,10436,10439,10440,10442],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[28,10434,4371],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10437,10438],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[28,10441,9711],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[72,10444,10446],{"id":10445},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10448,10449,10450,70],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[28,10451,9711],{},[21,10453,10455],{"className":23,"code":10454,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[28,10456,10457,10495,10509],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10458,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10460,9807],{"class":37},[31,10462,89],{"class":88},[31,10464,9812],{"class":41},[31,10466,370],{"class":259},[31,10468,8256],{"class":263},[31,10470,370],{"class":259},[31,10472,99],{"class":41},[31,10474,379],{"class":259},[31,10476,5587],{"class":263},[31,10478,370],{"class":259},[31,10480,9825],{"class":41},[31,10482,92],{"class":41},[31,10484,370],{"class":259},[31,10486,9890],{"class":263},[31,10488,370],{"class":259},[31,10490,99],{"class":41},[31,10492,9897],{"class":95},[31,10494,9840],{"class":41},[31,10496,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10498,9757],{"class":37},[31,10500,89],{"class":88},[31,10502,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10504,137],{"class":41},[31,10506,9853],{"class":140},[31,10508,120],{"class":41},[31,10510,10511,10513,10515,10517],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,10512,134],{"class":133},[31,10514,137],{"class":41},[31,10516,9796],{"class":140},[31,10518,120],{"class":41},[14,10520,10521],{},[67,10522,358],{},[21,10524,10525],{"className":23,"code":10192,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,10526,10527],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10528,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10530,9869],{"class":41},[31,10532,370],{"class":259},[31,10534,8256],{"class":263},[31,10536,370],{"class":259},[31,10538,48],{"class":41},[31,10540,379],{"class":259},[31,10542,5587],{"class":263},[31,10544,370],{"class":259},[31,10546,99],{"class":41},[31,10548,379],{"class":259},[31,10550,9890],{"class":263},[31,10552,370],{"class":259},[31,10554,48],{"class":41},[31,10556,9897],{"class":95},[31,10558,9900],{"class":41},[14,10560,10561],{},"Each pair becomes:",[228,10563,10564,10567],{},[231,10565,10566],{},"the first item as the key",[231,10568,10569],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10571,10572],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[21,10574,10576],{"className":23,"code":10575,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[28,10577,10578,10613,10627],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10579,10580,10582,10584,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10581,9807],{"class":37},[31,10583,89],{"class":88},[31,10585,10586],{"class":41}," ((",[31,10588,370],{"class":259},[31,10590,264],{"class":263},[31,10592,370],{"class":259},[31,10594,99],{"class":41},[31,10596,6082],{"class":95},[31,10598,9825],{"class":41},[31,10600,92],{"class":41},[31,10602,370],{"class":259},[31,10604,274],{"class":263},[31,10606,370],{"class":259},[31,10608,99],{"class":41},[31,10610,3571],{"class":95},[31,10612,1569],{"class":41},[31,10614,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10616,9757],{"class":37},[31,10618,89],{"class":88},[31,10620,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10622,137],{"class":41},[31,10624,9853],{"class":140},[31,10626,120],{"class":41},[31,10628,10629,10631,10633,10635],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,10630,134],{"class":133},[31,10632,137],{"class":41},[31,10634,9796],{"class":140},[31,10636,120],{"class":41},[14,10638,10639],{},[67,10640,358],{},[21,10642,10643],{"className":23,"code":10106,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,10644,10645],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10646,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10648,9869],{"class":41},[31,10650,370],{"class":259},[31,10652,264],{"class":263},[31,10654,370],{"class":259},[31,10656,48],{"class":41},[31,10658,6082],{"class":95},[31,10660,99],{"class":41},[31,10662,379],{"class":259},[31,10664,274],{"class":263},[31,10666,370],{"class":259},[31,10668,48],{"class":41},[31,10670,3571],{"class":95},[31,10672,9900],{"class":41},[14,10674,10675,10676,70],{},"Each item must contain ",[67,10677,10678],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10680,3414],{},[21,10682,10684],{"className":23,"code":10683,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[28,10685,10686,10726],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10687,10688,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10689,10690],{"class":37},"bad_data ",[31,10692,89],{"class":88},[31,10694,9812],{"class":41},[31,10696,370],{"class":259},[31,10698,264],{"class":263},[31,10700,370],{"class":259},[31,10702,99],{"class":41},[31,10704,6082],{"class":95},[31,10706,99],{"class":41},[31,10708,10709],{"class":95}," 100",[31,10711,9825],{"class":41},[31,10713,92],{"class":41},[31,10715,370],{"class":259},[31,10717,274],{"class":263},[31,10719,370],{"class":259},[31,10721,99],{"class":41},[31,10723,3571],{"class":95},[31,10725,9840],{"class":41},[31,10727,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10739],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10729,1522],{"class":37},[31,10731,89],{"class":88},[31,10733,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10735,137],{"class":41},[31,10737,10738],{"class":140},"bad_data",[31,10740,120],{"class":41},[14,10742,10743,10744,10747],{},"Python raises an error because ",[28,10745,10746],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10749,10750],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[21,10752,10754],{"className":23,"code":10753,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[28,10755,10756,10805,10819],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10757,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10759,9807],{"class":37},[31,10761,89],{"class":88},[31,10763,9812],{"class":41},[31,10765,370],{"class":259},[31,10767,264],{"class":263},[31,10769,370],{"class":259},[31,10771,99],{"class":41},[31,10773,6082],{"class":95},[31,10775,9825],{"class":41},[31,10777,92],{"class":41},[31,10779,370],{"class":259},[31,10781,264],{"class":263},[31,10783,370],{"class":259},[31,10785,99],{"class":41},[31,10787,10788],{"class":95}," 99",[31,10790,9825],{"class":41},[31,10792,92],{"class":41},[31,10794,370],{"class":259},[31,10796,274],{"class":263},[31,10798,370],{"class":259},[31,10800,99],{"class":41},[31,10802,3571],{"class":95},[31,10804,9840],{"class":41},[31,10806,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10808,9757],{"class":37},[31,10810,89],{"class":88},[31,10812,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10814,137],{"class":41},[31,10816,9853],{"class":140},[31,10818,120],{"class":41},[31,10820,10821,10823,10825,10827],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,10822,134],{"class":133},[31,10824,137],{"class":41},[31,10826,9796],{"class":140},[31,10828,120],{"class":41},[14,10830,10831],{},[67,10832,358],{},[21,10834,10836],{"className":23,"code":10835,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[28,10837,10838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10839,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10841,9869],{"class":41},[31,10843,370],{"class":259},[31,10845,264],{"class":263},[31,10847,370],{"class":259},[31,10849,48],{"class":41},[31,10851,10788],{"class":95},[31,10853,99],{"class":41},[31,10855,379],{"class":259},[31,10857,274],{"class":263},[31,10859,370],{"class":259},[31,10861,48],{"class":41},[31,10863,3571],{"class":95},[31,10865,9900],{"class":41},[72,10867,10869],{"id":10868},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10871,10872],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[21,10874,10875],{"className":23,"code":10143,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,10876,10877,10907],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10880,9757],{"class":37},[31,10882,89],{"class":88},[31,10884,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10886,137],{"class":41},[31,10888,8256],{"class":9767},[31,10890,89],{"class":88},[31,10892,370],{"class":259},[31,10894,5587],{"class":263},[31,10896,370],{"class":259},[31,10898,99],{"class":41},[31,10900,9780],{"class":9767},[31,10902,89],{"class":88},[31,10904,9785],{"class":95},[31,10906,120],{"class":41},[31,10908,10909,10911,10913,10915],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,10910,134],{"class":133},[31,10912,137],{"class":41},[31,10914,9796],{"class":140},[31,10916,120],{"class":41},[14,10918,10919],{},[67,10920,358],{},[21,10922,10923],{"className":23,"code":10192,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,10924,10925],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10926,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10928,9869],{"class":41},[31,10930,370],{"class":259},[31,10932,8256],{"class":263},[31,10934,370],{"class":259},[31,10936,48],{"class":41},[31,10938,379],{"class":259},[31,10940,5587],{"class":263},[31,10942,370],{"class":259},[31,10944,99],{"class":41},[31,10946,379],{"class":259},[31,10948,9890],{"class":263},[31,10950,370],{"class":259},[31,10952,48],{"class":41},[31,10954,9897],{"class":95},[31,10956,9900],{"class":41},[14,10958,10959],{},"In this form:",[228,10961,10962,10970],{},[231,10963,10964,10966,10967],{},[28,10965,8256],{}," becomes the string key ",[28,10968,10969],{},"'name'",[231,10971,10972,10966,10974],{},[28,10973,9890],{},[28,10975,10976],{},"'age'",[14,10978,10979],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10981,10982],{},"Valid examples:",[21,10984,10986],{"className":23,"code":10985,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[28,10987,10988,11026],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,10989,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11001,11003,11005,11008,11010,11012,11015,11017,11019,11022,11024],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,10991,9757],{"class":37},[31,10993,89],{"class":88},[31,10995,9762],{"class":1561},[31,10997,137],{"class":41},[31,10999,11000],{"class":9767},"city",[31,11002,89],{"class":88},[31,11004,370],{"class":259},[31,11006,11007],{"class":263},"Paris",[31,11009,370],{"class":259},[31,11011,99],{"class":41},[31,11013,11014],{"class":9767}," country",[31,11016,89],{"class":88},[31,11018,370],{"class":259},[31,11020,11021],{"class":263},"France",[31,11023,370],{"class":259},[31,11025,120],{"class":41},[31,11027,11028,11030,11032,11034],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11029,134],{"class":133},[31,11031,137],{"class":41},[31,11033,9796],{"class":140},[31,11035,120],{"class":41},[14,11037,11038],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[228,11040,11041,11044,11047],{},[231,11042,11043],{},"spaces",[231,11045,11046],{},"hyphens",[231,11048,11049],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,11051,11052,11053,11056],{},"For example, this is ",[67,11054,11055],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[21,11058,11060],{"className":23,"code":11059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[28,11061,11062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11063,11064],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11065,11059],{"class":157},[14,11067,11068],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[21,11070,11072],{"className":23,"code":11071,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[28,11073,11074,11117],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11075,11076,11078,11080,11083,11085,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11077,9757],{"class":37},[31,11079,89],{"class":88},[31,11081,11082],{"class":41}," {",[31,11084,370],{"class":259},[31,11086,11087],{"class":263},"first-name",[31,11089,370],{"class":259},[31,11091,48],{"class":41},[31,11093,379],{"class":259},[31,11095,8265],{"class":263},[31,11097,370],{"class":259},[31,11099,99],{"class":41},[31,11101,379],{"class":259},[31,11103,11104],{"class":263},"first name",[31,11106,370],{"class":259},[31,11108,48],{"class":41},[31,11110,379],{"class":259},[31,11112,8265],{"class":263},[31,11114,370],{"class":259},[31,11116,9900],{"class":41},[31,11118,11119,11121,11123,11125],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11120,134],{"class":133},[31,11122,137],{"class":41},[31,11124,9796],{"class":140},[31,11126,120],{"class":41},[14,11128,11129],{},[67,11130,358],{},[21,11132,11134],{"className":23,"code":11133,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[28,11135,11136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11137,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11139,9869],{"class":41},[31,11141,370],{"class":259},[31,11143,11087],{"class":263},[31,11145,370],{"class":259},[31,11147,48],{"class":41},[31,11149,379],{"class":259},[31,11151,8265],{"class":263},[31,11153,370],{"class":259},[31,11155,99],{"class":41},[31,11157,379],{"class":259},[31,11159,11104],{"class":263},[31,11161,370],{"class":259},[31,11163,48],{"class":41},[31,11165,379],{"class":259},[31,11167,8265],{"class":263},[31,11169,370],{"class":259},[31,11171,9900],{"class":41},[72,11173,11175,11177,11178],{"id":11174},"dict-vs",[28,11176,9711],{}," vs ",[28,11179,4371],{},[14,11181,11182,11183,4975,11185,11187],{},"Both ",[28,11184,9711],{},[28,11186,4371],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[613,11189,2668,11191,11193],{"id":11190},"use-when",[28,11192,4371],{}," when:",[228,11195,11196,11199],{},[231,11197,11198],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[231,11200,11201],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[21,11203,11204],{"className":23,"code":10418,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,11205,11206],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11207,11208,11210,11212],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11209,9757],{"class":37},[31,11211,89],{"class":88},[31,11213,10429],{"class":41},[613,11215,2668,11217,11193],{"id":11216},"use-dict-when",[28,11218,9711],{},[228,11220,11221,11224,11227],{},[231,11222,11223],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[231,11225,11226],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[231,11228,11229],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[21,11231,11233],{"className":23,"code":11232,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[28,11234,11235,11272],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11236,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11238,9757],{"class":37},[31,11240,89],{"class":88},[31,11242,9762],{"class":1561},[31,11244,10249],{"class":41},[31,11246,370],{"class":259},[31,11248,264],{"class":263},[31,11250,370],{"class":259},[31,11252,99],{"class":41},[31,11254,6082],{"class":95},[31,11256,9825],{"class":41},[31,11258,92],{"class":41},[31,11260,370],{"class":259},[31,11262,274],{"class":263},[31,11264,370],{"class":259},[31,11266,99],{"class":41},[31,11268,3571],{"class":95},[31,11270,11271],{"class":41},")])\n",[31,11273,11274,11277,11279,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297,11299,11301],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11275,11276],{"class":37},"info ",[31,11278,89],{"class":88},[31,11280,9762],{"class":1561},[31,11282,137],{"class":41},[31,11284,8256],{"class":9767},[31,11286,89],{"class":88},[31,11288,370],{"class":259},[31,11290,5587],{"class":263},[31,11292,370],{"class":259},[31,11294,99],{"class":41},[31,11296,9780],{"class":9767},[31,11298,89],{"class":88},[31,11300,9785],{"class":95},[31,11302,120],{"class":41},[14,11304,11305],{},"So:",[228,11307,11308,11313],{},[231,11309,11310,11312],{},[28,11311,4371],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[231,11314,11315,11317],{},[28,11316,9711],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,11319,11320,11321,11325,11326,70],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[264,11322,11324],{"href":11323},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[264,11327,11329,11330,11333],{"href":11328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[28,11331,11332],{},"get()"," method",[72,11335,11337],{"id":11336},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,11339,11340,11341,70],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[28,11342,9711],{},[613,11344,11346],{"id":11345},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,11348,2102],{},[21,11350,11352],{"className":23,"code":11351,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[28,11353,11354,11378],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11355,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11357,8368],{"class":37},[31,11359,89],{"class":88},[31,11361,4200],{"class":41},[31,11363,370],{"class":259},[31,11365,264],{"class":263},[31,11367,370],{"class":259},[31,11369,99],{"class":41},[31,11371,379],{"class":259},[31,11373,274],{"class":263},[31,11375,370],{"class":259},[31,11377,59],{"class":41},[31,11379,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11381,9757],{"class":37},[31,11383,89],{"class":88},[31,11385,9762],{"class":1561},[31,11387,137],{"class":41},[31,11389,8397],{"class":140},[31,11391,120],{"class":41},[14,11393,11394,11395,70],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[28,11396,11397],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11399,11400],{},"Correct version:",[21,11402,11404],{"className":23,"code":11403,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[28,11405,11406,11440,11454],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11407,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432,11434,11436,11438],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11409,8368],{"class":37},[31,11411,89],{"class":88},[31,11413,9812],{"class":41},[31,11415,370],{"class":259},[31,11417,264],{"class":263},[31,11419,370],{"class":259},[31,11421,99],{"class":41},[31,11423,6082],{"class":95},[31,11425,9825],{"class":41},[31,11427,92],{"class":41},[31,11429,370],{"class":259},[31,11431,274],{"class":263},[31,11433,370],{"class":259},[31,11435,99],{"class":41},[31,11437,3571],{"class":95},[31,11439,9840],{"class":41},[31,11441,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11443,9757],{"class":37},[31,11445,89],{"class":88},[31,11447,9762],{"class":1561},[31,11449,137],{"class":41},[31,11451,8397],{"class":140},[31,11453,120],{"class":41},[31,11455,11456,11458,11460,11462],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,11457,134],{"class":133},[31,11459,137],{"class":41},[31,11461,9796],{"class":140},[31,11463,120],{"class":41},[613,11465,11467],{"id":11466},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11469,11470],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[21,11472,11474],{"className":23,"code":11473,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[28,11475,11476],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11477,11478],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11479,11473],{"class":157},[14,11481,11482,11483,48],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[28,11484,89],{},[21,11486,11488],{"className":23,"code":11487,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[28,11489,11490,11512],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11491,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11493,9757],{"class":37},[31,11495,89],{"class":88},[31,11497,9762],{"class":1561},[31,11499,137],{"class":41},[31,11501,8256],{"class":9767},[31,11503,89],{"class":88},[31,11505,370],{"class":259},[31,11507,5587],{"class":263},[31,11509,370],{"class":259},[31,11511,120],{"class":41},[31,11513,11514,11516,11518,11520],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11515,134],{"class":133},[31,11517,137],{"class":41},[31,11519,9796],{"class":140},[31,11521,120],{"class":41},[613,11523,11525],{"id":11524},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11527,11528],{},"This will not work:",[21,11530,11531],{"className":23,"code":11059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,11532,11533],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11534,11535],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11536,11059],{"class":157},[14,11538,11539],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[21,11541,11543],{"className":23,"code":11542,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[28,11544,11545,11569],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11546,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555,11557,11559,11561,11563,11565,11567],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11548,9757],{"class":37},[31,11550,89],{"class":88},[31,11552,11082],{"class":41},[31,11554,370],{"class":259},[31,11556,11087],{"class":263},[31,11558,370],{"class":259},[31,11560,48],{"class":41},[31,11562,379],{"class":259},[31,11564,8265],{"class":263},[31,11566,370],{"class":259},[31,11568,9900],{"class":41},[31,11570,11571,11573,11575,11577],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11572,134],{"class":133},[31,11574,137],{"class":41},[31,11576,9796],{"class":140},[31,11578,120],{"class":41},[613,11580,11582],{"id":11581},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11584,11585],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[21,11587,11589],{"className":23,"code":11588,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[28,11590,11591,11627],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11592,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11594,9757],{"class":37},[31,11596,89],{"class":88},[31,11598,9762],{"class":1561},[31,11600,10249],{"class":41},[31,11602,370],{"class":259},[31,11604,2750],{"class":263},[31,11606,370],{"class":259},[31,11608,99],{"class":41},[31,11610,6082],{"class":95},[31,11612,9825],{"class":41},[31,11614,92],{"class":41},[31,11616,370],{"class":259},[31,11618,2750],{"class":263},[31,11620,370],{"class":259},[31,11622,99],{"class":41},[31,11624,3571],{"class":95},[31,11626,11271],{"class":41},[31,11628,11629,11631,11633,11635],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11630,134],{"class":133},[31,11632,137],{"class":41},[31,11634,9796],{"class":140},[31,11636,120],{"class":41},[14,11638,11639],{},[67,11640,358],{},[21,11642,11644],{"className":23,"code":11643,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'x': 2}\n",[28,11645,11646],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11647,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11649,9869],{"class":41},[31,11651,370],{"class":259},[31,11653,2750],{"class":263},[31,11655,370],{"class":259},[31,11657,48],{"class":41},[31,11659,3571],{"class":95},[31,11661,9900],{"class":41},[14,11663,11664,11665,70],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[264,11666,11668],{"href":11667},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[72,11670,3407],{"id":3406},[14,11672,11673,11674,11676],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[28,11675,9711],{}," include:",[228,11678,11679,11689,11695,11698],{},[231,11680,11681,11682,11685,11686],{},"passing a list like ",[28,11683,11684],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[28,11687,11688],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[231,11690,11691,11692],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[28,11693,11694],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[231,11696,11697],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[231,11699,11700,11701,11703],{},"confusing ",[28,11702,9711],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11705,11706],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[21,11708,11710],{"className":23,"code":11709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[28,11711,11712,11726,11736,11747],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11713,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11715,134],{"class":133},[31,11717,137],{"class":41},[31,11719,1562],{"class":1561},[31,11721,137],{"class":41},[31,11723,9796],{"class":140},[31,11725,1569],{"class":41},[31,11727,11728,11730,11732,11734],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11729,134],{"class":133},[31,11731,137],{"class":41},[31,11733,9796],{"class":140},[31,11735,120],{"class":41},[31,11737,11738,11740,11742,11745],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,11739,134],{"class":133},[31,11741,137],{"class":41},[31,11743,11744],{"class":140},"list_of_pairs",[31,11746,120],{"class":41},[31,11748,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,11750,134],{"class":133},[31,11752,137],{"class":41},[31,11754,2408],{"class":133},[31,11756,137],{"class":41},[31,11758,11744],{"class":140},[31,11760,1569],{"class":41},[14,11762,2417],{},[228,11764,11765,11768,11771],{},[231,11766,11767],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[231,11769,11770],{},"what data is being passed in",[231,11772,11773],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[72,11775,2435],{"id":2434},[613,11777,5762,11779,4975,11781,2466],{"id":11778},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[28,11780,9711],{},[28,11782,4371],{},[14,11784,11785,11787,11788,11790],{},[28,11786,4371],{}," is the short literal form. ",[28,11789,9711],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[613,11792,5752,11794,11796],{"id":11793},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[28,11795,9711],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11798,11799,11800,70],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[28,11801,11688],{},[613,11803,5740,11805,11808],{"id":11804},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[28,11806,11807],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11810,11811],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[613,11813,11815,11816,11818],{"id":11814},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[28,11817,9711],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11820,11821,11822,11825],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[28,11823,11824],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[72,11827,2475],{"id":2474},[228,11829,11830,11835,11839,11844,11850],{},[231,11831,11832],{},[264,11833,11834],{"href":9982},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[231,11836,11837],{},[264,11838,9747],{"href":9746},[231,11840,11841],{},[264,11842,11843],{"href":11323},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[231,11845,11846],{},[264,11847,11329,11848,11333],{"href":11328},[28,11849,11332],{},[231,11851,11852],{},[264,11853,11854],{"href":11667},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2499,11856,11857],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":11859},[11860,11862,11868,11869,11870,11871,11878,11884,11885,11895],{"id":9936,"depth":123,"text":11861},"What dict() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":11863},[11864,11865,11866,11867],{"id":9993,"depth":130,"text":9994},{"id":10035,"depth":130,"text":10036},{"id":10139,"depth":130,"text":10140},{"id":10229,"depth":130,"text":10230},{"id":10341,"depth":123,"text":9994},{"id":10445,"depth":123,"text":10446},{"id":10868,"depth":123,"text":10869},{"id":11174,"depth":123,"text":11872,"children":11873},"dict() vs {}",[11874,11876],{"id":11190,"depth":130,"text":11875},"Use {} when:",{"id":11216,"depth":130,"text":11877},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11336,"depth":123,"text":11337,"children":11879},[11880,11881,11882,11883],{"id":11345,"depth":130,"text":11346},{"id":11466,"depth":130,"text":11467},{"id":11524,"depth":130,"text":11525},{"id":11581,"depth":130,"text":11582},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":11886},[11887,11889,11891,11893],{"id":11778,"depth":130,"text":11888},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11793,"depth":130,"text":11890},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11892},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11814,"depth":130,"text":11894},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9703,"description":11896},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11903,"title":11904,"body":11905,"description":13417,"extension":2542,"meta":13418,"navigation":126,"path":13419,"seo":13420,"stem":13421,"__hash__":13422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11906,"toc":13386},[11907,11915,11921,11928,11930,11991,11996,12001,12006,12024,12027,12031,12033,12049,12052,12065,12069,12072,12206,12208,12275,12278,12294,12300,12306,12309,12391,12393,12407,12411,12417,12482,12484,12492,12495,12518,12524,12587,12593,12596,12610,12623,12627,12638,12643,12654,12661,12665,12671,12793,12795,12821,12824,12841,12844,12955,12957,13006,13008,13021,13030,13035,13040,13051,13053,13156,13179,13181,13185,13204,13207,13265,13268,13294,13296,13303,13306,13312,13316,13323,13331,13337,13340,13342,13383],[10,11908,11910,11911,11914],{"id":11909},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[28,11912,11913],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11916,11917,11920],{},[28,11918,11919],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11922,11923,11924,11927],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[67,11925,11926],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[72,11929,75],{"id":74},[21,11931,11933],{"className":23,"code":11932,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[28,11934,11935,11967,11978],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,11936,11937,11939,11941,11943,11945,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,11938,9757],{"class":37},[31,11940,89],{"class":88},[31,11942,11082],{"class":41},[31,11944,260],{"class":259},[31,11946,264],{"class":263},[31,11948,260],{"class":259},[31,11950,48],{"class":41},[31,11952,6082],{"class":95},[31,11954,99],{"class":41},[31,11956,271],{"class":259},[31,11958,274],{"class":263},[31,11960,260],{"class":259},[31,11962,48],{"class":41},[31,11964,3571],{"class":95},[31,11966,9900],{"class":41},[31,11968,11969,11971,11973,11976],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,11970,9796],{"class":37},[31,11972,70],{"class":41},[31,11974,11975],{"class":140},"clear",[31,11977,1772],{"class":41},[31,11979,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,11981,134],{"class":133},[31,11983,137],{"class":41},[31,11985,9796],{"class":140},[31,11987,4238],{"class":41},[31,11989,11990],{"class":157},"  # {}\n",[14,11992,11993,11995],{},[28,11994,11913],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[72,11997,4255,11999,4258],{"id":11998},"what-clear-does",[28,12000,11913],{},[14,12002,62,12003,12005],{},[28,12004,11913],{}," method:",[228,12007,12008,12011,12014,12019],{},[231,12009,12010],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[231,12012,12013],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[231,12015,12016,12017],{},"Returns ",[28,12018,4357],{},[231,12020,12021,12022],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[28,12023,4371],{},[14,12025,12026],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,12028,9743,12029,70],{},[264,12030,9747],{"href":9746},[72,12032,2733],{"id":2732},[21,12034,12036],{"className":23,"code":12035,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict.clear()\n",[28,12037,12038],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12039,12040,12043,12045,12047],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12041,12042],{"class":37},"my_dict",[31,12044,70],{"class":41},[31,12046,11975],{"class":140},[31,12048,1772],{"class":41},[14,12050,12051],{},"Important points:",[228,12053,12054,12059,12062],{},[231,12055,12056,12058],{},[28,12057,11913],{}," takes no arguments",[231,12060,12061],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[231,12063,12064],{},"It empties that dictionary",[72,12066,12068],{"id":12067},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,12070,12071],{},"Here is a basic example:",[21,12073,12075],{"className":23,"code":12074,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[28,12076,12077,12087,12108,12122,12139,12143,12147,12167,12171,12182,12186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12078,12079,12082,12084],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12080,12081],{"class":37},"user ",[31,12083,89],{"class":88},[31,12085,12086],{"class":41}," {\n",[31,12088,12089,12092,12094,12096,12098,12100,12103,12105],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12090,12091],{"class":259},"    \"",[31,12093,8256],{"class":263},[31,12095,260],{"class":259},[31,12097,48],{"class":41},[31,12099,271],{"class":259},[31,12101,12102],{"class":263},"Maya",[31,12104,260],{"class":259},[31,12106,12107],{"class":41},",\n",[31,12109,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118,12120],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12111,12091],{"class":259},[31,12113,9890],{"class":263},[31,12115,260],{"class":259},[31,12117,48],{"class":41},[31,12119,9897],{"class":95},[31,12121,12107],{"class":41},[31,12123,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12137],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,12125,12091],{"class":259},[31,12127,11000],{"class":263},[31,12129,260],{"class":259},[31,12131,48],{"class":41},[31,12133,271],{"class":259},[31,12135,12136],{"class":263},"Berlin",[31,12138,3934],{"class":259},[31,12140,12141],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,12142,9900],{"class":41},[31,12144,12145],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,12146,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12148,12149,12151,12153,12155,12158,12160,12162,12165],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,12150,134],{"class":133},[31,12152,137],{"class":41},[31,12154,260],{"class":259},[31,12156,12157],{"class":263},"Before:",[31,12159,260],{"class":259},[31,12161,99],{"class":41},[31,12163,12164],{"class":140}," user",[31,12166,120],{"class":41},[31,12168,12169],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,12170,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12172,12173,12176,12178,12180],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,12174,12175],{"class":37},"user",[31,12177,70],{"class":41},[31,12179,11975],{"class":140},[31,12181,1772],{"class":41},[31,12183,12184],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,12185,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12187,12189,12191,12193,12195,12198,12200,12202,12204],{"class":33,"line":12188},11,[31,12190,134],{"class":133},[31,12192,137],{"class":41},[31,12194,260],{"class":259},[31,12196,12197],{"class":263},"After:",[31,12199,260],{"class":259},[31,12201,99],{"class":41},[31,12203,12164],{"class":140},[31,12205,120],{"class":41},[14,12207,6144],{},[21,12209,12211],{"className":23,"code":12210,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[28,12212,12213,12266],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12214,12215,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246,12248,12250,12252,12254,12256,12258,12260,12262,12264],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12216,12217],{"class":37},"Before",[31,12219,48],{"class":41},[31,12221,11082],{"class":41},[31,12223,370],{"class":259},[31,12225,8256],{"class":263},[31,12227,370],{"class":259},[31,12229,48],{"class":41},[31,12231,379],{"class":259},[31,12233,12102],{"class":263},[31,12235,370],{"class":259},[31,12237,99],{"class":41},[31,12239,379],{"class":259},[31,12241,9890],{"class":263},[31,12243,370],{"class":259},[31,12245,48],{"class":41},[31,12247,9897],{"class":95},[31,12249,99],{"class":41},[31,12251,379],{"class":259},[31,12253,11000],{"class":263},[31,12255,370],{"class":259},[31,12257,48],{"class":41},[31,12259,379],{"class":259},[31,12261,12136],{"class":263},[31,12263,370],{"class":259},[31,12265,9900],{"class":41},[31,12267,12268,12271,12273],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12269,12270],{"class":37},"After",[31,12272,48],{"class":41},[31,12274,10429],{"class":41},[14,12276,12277],{},"What happens here:",[228,12279,12280,12285,12291],{},[231,12281,12282,12284],{},[28,12283,12175],{}," starts with three items",[231,12286,12287,12290],{},[28,12288,12289],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[231,12292,12293],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[72,12295,4255,12297,12299],{"id":12296},"what-clear-returns",[28,12298,11913],{}," returns",[14,12301,12302,2972,12304,70],{},[28,12303,11913],{},[28,12305,4357],{},[14,12307,12308],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[21,12310,12312],{"className":23,"code":12311,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[28,12313,12314,12348,12352,12367,12371,12381],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12315,12316,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335,12337,12340,12342,12344,12346],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12317,12318],{"class":37},"my_dict ",[31,12320,89],{"class":88},[31,12322,11082],{"class":41},[31,12324,260],{"class":259},[31,12326,2750],{"class":263},[31,12328,260],{"class":259},[31,12330,48],{"class":41},[31,12332,6082],{"class":95},[31,12334,99],{"class":41},[31,12336,271],{"class":259},[31,12338,12339],{"class":263},"y",[31,12341,260],{"class":259},[31,12343,48],{"class":41},[31,12345,3571],{"class":95},[31,12347,9900],{"class":41},[31,12349,12350],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12351,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12353,12354,12356,12358,12361,12363,12365],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12355,1522],{"class":37},[31,12357,89],{"class":88},[31,12359,12360],{"class":37}," my_dict",[31,12362,70],{"class":41},[31,12364,11975],{"class":140},[31,12366,1772],{"class":41},[31,12368,12369],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,12370,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12372,12373,12375,12377,12379],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,12374,134],{"class":133},[31,12376,137],{"class":41},[31,12378,1550],{"class":140},[31,12380,120],{"class":41},[31,12382,12383,12385,12387,12389],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,12384,134],{"class":133},[31,12386,137],{"class":41},[31,12388,12042],{"class":140},[31,12390,120],{"class":41},[14,12392,358],{},[21,12394,12396],{"className":23,"code":12395,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"None\n{}\n",[28,12397,12398,12403],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12399,12400],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12401,12402],{"class":4432},"None\n",[31,12404,12405],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12406,10026],{"class":41},[613,12408,12410],{"id":12409},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12412,12413,12414,12416],{},"Do ",[67,12415,5213],{}," do this:",[21,12418,12420],{"className":23,"code":12419,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[28,12421,12422,12454,12468,12472],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12423,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12425,12318],{"class":37},[31,12427,89],{"class":88},[31,12429,11082],{"class":41},[31,12431,260],{"class":259},[31,12433,2750],{"class":263},[31,12435,260],{"class":259},[31,12437,48],{"class":41},[31,12439,6082],{"class":95},[31,12441,99],{"class":41},[31,12443,271],{"class":259},[31,12445,12339],{"class":263},[31,12447,260],{"class":259},[31,12449,48],{"class":41},[31,12451,3571],{"class":95},[31,12453,9900],{"class":41},[31,12455,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12457,12318],{"class":37},[31,12459,89],{"class":88},[31,12461,12360],{"class":37},[31,12463,70],{"class":41},[31,12465,11975],{"class":140},[31,12467,1772],{"class":41},[31,12469,12470],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12471,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12473,12474,12476,12478,12480],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,12475,134],{"class":133},[31,12477,137],{"class":41},[31,12479,12042],{"class":140},[31,12481,120],{"class":41},[14,12483,358],{},[21,12485,12486],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,12487,12488],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12489,12490],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12491,12402],{"class":4432},[14,12493,12494],{},"Why this happens:",[228,12496,12497,12503,12508],{},[231,12498,12499,12502],{},[28,12500,12501],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[231,12504,12505,12506],{},"The method returns ",[28,12507,4357],{},[231,12509,12510,12511,12514,12515,12517],{},"Then ",[28,12512,12513],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[28,12516,4357],{}," in the variable",[14,12519,12520,12521,12523],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[28,12522,11913],{}," by itself:",[21,12525,12527],{"className":23,"code":12526,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[28,12528,12529,12561,12571,12575],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12530,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555,12557,12559],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12532,12318],{"class":37},[31,12534,89],{"class":88},[31,12536,11082],{"class":41},[31,12538,260],{"class":259},[31,12540,2750],{"class":263},[31,12542,260],{"class":259},[31,12544,48],{"class":41},[31,12546,6082],{"class":95},[31,12548,99],{"class":41},[31,12550,271],{"class":259},[31,12552,12339],{"class":263},[31,12554,260],{"class":259},[31,12556,48],{"class":41},[31,12558,3571],{"class":95},[31,12560,9900],{"class":41},[31,12562,12563,12565,12567,12569],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12564,12042],{"class":37},[31,12566,70],{"class":41},[31,12568,11975],{"class":140},[31,12570,1772],{"class":41},[31,12572,12573],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12574,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12576,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,12578,134],{"class":133},[31,12580,137],{"class":41},[31,12582,12042],{"class":140},[31,12584,4238],{"class":41},[31,12586,11990],{"class":157},[72,12588,12590,12592],{"id":12589},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[28,12591,11913],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12594,12595],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[21,12597,12598],{"className":23,"code":12035,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,12599,12600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12601,12602,12604,12606,12608],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12603,12042],{"class":37},[31,12605,70],{"class":41},[31,12607,11975],{"class":140},[31,12609,1772],{"class":41},[21,12611,12613],{"className":23,"code":12612,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {}\n",[28,12614,12615],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12616,12617,12619,12621],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12618,12318],{"class":37},[31,12620,89],{"class":88},[31,12622,10429],{"class":41},[613,12624,12625],{"id":11975},[28,12626,11913],{},[228,12628,12629,12632,12635],{},[231,12630,12631],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[231,12633,12634],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[231,12636,12637],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[613,12639,12640],{"id":12042},[28,12641,12642],{},"my_dict = {}",[228,12644,12645,12648,12651],{},[231,12646,12647],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[231,12649,12650],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[231,12652,12653],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12655,12656,12657,70],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[264,12658,12660],{"href":12659},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[72,12662,12664],{"id":12663},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12666,12667,12668,12670],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[28,12669,11913],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[21,12672,12674],{"className":23,"code":12673,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[28,12675,12676,12709,12719,12723,12734,12738,12758,12778],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12677,12678,12681,12683,12685,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703,12705,12707],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12679,12680],{"class":37},"original ",[31,12682,89],{"class":88},[31,12684,11082],{"class":41},[31,12686,260],{"class":259},[31,12688,264],{"class":263},[31,12690,260],{"class":259},[31,12692,48],{"class":41},[31,12694,6082],{"class":95},[31,12696,99],{"class":41},[31,12698,271],{"class":259},[31,12700,274],{"class":263},[31,12702,260],{"class":259},[31,12704,48],{"class":41},[31,12706,3571],{"class":95},[31,12708,9900],{"class":41},[31,12710,12711,12714,12716],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12712,12713],{"class":37},"other_ref ",[31,12715,89],{"class":88},[31,12717,12718],{"class":37}," original\n",[31,12720,12721],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12722,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12724,12725,12728,12730,12732],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,12726,12727],{"class":37},"original",[31,12729,70],{"class":41},[31,12731,11975],{"class":140},[31,12733,1772],{"class":41},[31,12735,12736],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,12737,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12739,12740,12742,12744,12746,12749,12751,12753,12756],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,12741,134],{"class":133},[31,12743,137],{"class":41},[31,12745,260],{"class":259},[31,12747,12748],{"class":263},"original:",[31,12750,260],{"class":259},[31,12752,99],{"class":41},[31,12754,12755],{"class":140}," original",[31,12757,120],{"class":41},[31,12759,12760,12762,12764,12766,12769,12771,12773,12776],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,12761,134],{"class":133},[31,12763,137],{"class":41},[31,12765,260],{"class":259},[31,12767,12768],{"class":263},"other_ref:",[31,12770,260],{"class":259},[31,12772,99],{"class":41},[31,12774,12775],{"class":140}," other_ref",[31,12777,120],{"class":41},[31,12779,12780,12782,12784,12786,12789,12791],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,12781,134],{"class":133},[31,12783,137],{"class":41},[31,12785,12680],{"class":140},[31,12787,12788],{"class":4457},"is",[31,12790,12775],{"class":140},[31,12792,120],{"class":41},[14,12794,358],{},[21,12796,12798],{"className":23,"code":12797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[28,12799,12800,12808,12817],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12801,12802,12804,12806],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12803,12727],{"class":37},[31,12805,48],{"class":41},[31,12807,10429],{"class":41},[31,12809,12810,12813,12815],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12811,12812],{"class":37},"other_ref",[31,12814,48],{"class":41},[31,12816,10429],{"class":41},[31,12818,12819],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12820,4560],{"class":4432},[14,12822,12823],{},"This shows:",[228,12825,12826,12833,12838],{},[231,12827,12828,4975,12830,12832],{},[28,12829,12727],{},[28,12831,12812],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[231,12834,12835,12837],{},[28,12836,11913],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[231,12839,12840],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12842,12843],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[21,12845,12847],{"className":23,"code":12846,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[28,12848,12849,12881,12889,12893,12901,12905,12923,12941],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12850,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12852,12680],{"class":37},[31,12854,89],{"class":88},[31,12856,11082],{"class":41},[31,12858,260],{"class":259},[31,12860,264],{"class":263},[31,12862,260],{"class":259},[31,12864,48],{"class":41},[31,12866,6082],{"class":95},[31,12868,99],{"class":41},[31,12870,271],{"class":259},[31,12872,274],{"class":263},[31,12874,260],{"class":259},[31,12876,48],{"class":41},[31,12878,3571],{"class":95},[31,12880,9900],{"class":41},[31,12882,12883,12885,12887],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12884,12713],{"class":37},[31,12886,89],{"class":88},[31,12888,12718],{"class":37},[31,12890,12891],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,12892,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12894,12895,12897,12899],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,12896,12680],{"class":37},[31,12898,89],{"class":88},[31,12900,10429],{"class":41},[31,12902,12903],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,12904,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,12906,12907,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12921],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,12908,134],{"class":133},[31,12910,137],{"class":41},[31,12912,260],{"class":259},[31,12914,12748],{"class":263},[31,12916,260],{"class":259},[31,12918,99],{"class":41},[31,12920,12755],{"class":140},[31,12922,120],{"class":41},[31,12924,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,12926,134],{"class":133},[31,12928,137],{"class":41},[31,12930,260],{"class":259},[31,12932,12768],{"class":263},[31,12934,260],{"class":259},[31,12936,99],{"class":41},[31,12938,12775],{"class":140},[31,12940,120],{"class":41},[31,12942,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,12944,134],{"class":133},[31,12946,137],{"class":41},[31,12948,12680],{"class":140},[31,12950,12788],{"class":4457},[31,12952,12775],{"class":140},[31,12954,120],{"class":41},[14,12956,358],{},[21,12958,12960],{"className":23,"code":12959,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[28,12961,12962,12970,13002],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,12963,12964,12966,12968],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,12965,12727],{"class":37},[31,12967,48],{"class":41},[31,12969,10429],{"class":41},[31,12971,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,12973,12812],{"class":37},[31,12975,48],{"class":41},[31,12977,11082],{"class":41},[31,12979,370],{"class":259},[31,12981,264],{"class":263},[31,12983,370],{"class":259},[31,12985,48],{"class":41},[31,12987,6082],{"class":95},[31,12989,99],{"class":41},[31,12991,379],{"class":259},[31,12993,274],{"class":263},[31,12995,370],{"class":259},[31,12997,48],{"class":41},[31,12999,3571],{"class":95},[31,13001,9900],{"class":41},[31,13003,13004],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,13005,4621],{"class":4432},[14,13007,2755],{},[228,13009,13010,13016],{},[231,13011,13012,13015],{},[28,13013,13014],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[231,13017,13018,13020],{},[28,13019,12812],{}," still points to the old one",[14,13022,13023,13024,70],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[264,13025,13027],{"href":13026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[28,13028,13029],{},"dict.copy()",[72,13031,5544,13033],{"id":13032},"when-to-use-clear",[28,13034,11913],{},[14,13036,13037,13039],{},[28,13038,11913],{}," is useful when you want to:",[228,13041,13042,13045,13048],{},[231,13043,13044],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[231,13046,13047],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[231,13049,13050],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,13052,242],{},[21,13054,13056],{"className":23,"code":13055,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[28,13057,13058,13067,13083,13103,13116,13120,13124,13129,13140,13144],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13059,13060,13063,13065],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13061,13062],{"class":37},"session_data ",[31,13064,89],{"class":88},[31,13066,12086],{"class":41},[31,13068,13069,13071,13074,13076,13078,13081],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13070,12091],{"class":259},[31,13072,13073],{"class":263},"user_id",[31,13075,260],{"class":259},[31,13077,48],{"class":41},[31,13079,13080],{"class":95}," 101",[31,13082,12107],{"class":41},[31,13084,13085,13087,13090,13092,13094,13096,13099,13101],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,13086,12091],{"class":259},[31,13088,13089],{"class":263},"theme",[31,13091,260],{"class":259},[31,13093,48],{"class":41},[31,13095,271],{"class":259},[31,13097,13098],{"class":263},"dark",[31,13100,260],{"class":259},[31,13102,12107],{"class":41},[31,13104,13105,13107,13110,13112,13114],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,13106,12091],{"class":259},[31,13108,13109],{"class":263},"logged_in",[31,13111,260],{"class":259},[31,13113,48],{"class":41},[31,13115,7008],{"class":4432},[31,13117,13118],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,13119,9900],{"class":41},[31,13121,13122],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,13123,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,13125,13126],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,13127,13128],{"class":157},"# Reset for a new session\n",[31,13130,13131,13134,13136,13138],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,13132,13133],{"class":37},"session_data",[31,13135,70],{"class":41},[31,13137,11975],{"class":140},[31,13139,1772],{"class":41},[31,13141,13142],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,13143,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,13145,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,13147,134],{"class":133},[31,13149,137],{"class":41},[31,13151,13133],{"class":140},[31,13153,4238],{"class":41},[31,13155,11990],{"class":157},[14,13157,13158,13159,13165,13166,70,13170,13172,13173,70],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[264,13160,13162],{"href":13161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[28,13163,13164],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[264,13167,13169],{"href":13168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10437,13171],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[264,13174,13176],{"href":13175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[28,13177,13178],{},"dict.popitem()",[72,13180,3407],{"id":3406},[14,13182,11340,13183,48],{},[28,13184,11913],{},[228,13186,13187,13193,13198,13201],{},[231,13188,13189,13190,13192],{},"Assigning the result of ",[28,13191,11913],{}," to a variable",[231,13194,9043,13195,13197],{},[28,13196,11913],{}," to return a new dictionary",[231,13199,13200],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[231,13202,13203],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,13205,13206],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[21,13208,13210],{"className":23,"code":13209,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[28,13211,13212,13222,13236,13251],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13213,13214,13216,13218,13220],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13215,134],{"class":133},[31,13217,137],{"class":41},[31,13219,12042],{"class":140},[31,13221,120],{"class":41},[31,13223,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13225,134],{"class":133},[31,13227,137],{"class":41},[31,13229,1562],{"class":1561},[31,13231,137],{"class":41},[31,13233,12042],{"class":140},[31,13235,1569],{"class":41},[31,13237,13238,13240,13242,13245,13247,13249],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,13239,134],{"class":133},[31,13241,137],{"class":41},[31,13243,13244],{"class":133},"id",[31,13246,137],{"class":41},[31,13248,12042],{"class":140},[31,13250,1569],{"class":41},[31,13252,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,13254,134],{"class":133},[31,13256,137],{"class":41},[31,13258,12713],{"class":140},[31,13260,12788],{"class":4457},[31,13262,12360],{"class":140},[31,13264,120],{"class":41},[14,13266,13267],{},"What these show:",[228,13269,13270,13276,13282,13288],{},[231,13271,13272,13275],{},[28,13273,13274],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[231,13277,13278,13281],{},[28,13279,13280],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[231,13283,13284,13287],{},[28,13285,13286],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[231,13289,13290,13293],{},[28,13291,13292],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[72,13295,2435],{"id":2434},[613,13297,13299,13300,13302],{"id":13298},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[28,13301,11913],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,13304,13305],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[613,13307,2453,13309,13311],{"id":13308},"what-does-dictclear-return",[28,13310,11919],{}," return?",[14,13313,5730,13314,70],{},[28,13315,4357],{},[613,13317,5762,13319,4975,13321,2466],{"id":13318},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[28,13320,11913],{},[28,13322,4371],{},[14,13324,13325,13327,13328,13330],{},[28,13326,11913],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[28,13329,4371],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[613,13332,13299,13334,13336],{"id":13333},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[28,13335,11913],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,13338,13339],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[72,13341,2475],{"id":2474},[228,13343,13344,13348,13352,13359,13366,13373,13378],{},[231,13345,13346],{},[264,13347,9747],{"href":9746},[231,13349,13350],{},[264,13351,11834],{"href":9982},[231,13353,13354],{},[264,13355,11329,13356,11333],{"href":13161},[28,13357,13358],{},"pop()",[231,13360,13361],{},[264,13362,11329,13363,11333],{"href":13175},[28,13364,13365],{},"popitem()",[231,13367,13368],{},[264,13369,11329,13370,11333],{"href":13026},[28,13371,13372],{},"copy()",[231,13374,13375],{},[264,13376,13377],{"href":12659},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[231,13379,13380],{},[264,13381,13382],{"href":13168},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2499,13384,13385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":13387},[13388,13389,13391,13392,13393,13397,13402,13403,13405,13406,13416],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":11998,"depth":123,"text":13390},"What clear() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":12296,"depth":123,"text":13394,"children":13395},"What clear() returns",[13396],{"id":12409,"depth":130,"text":12410},{"id":12589,"depth":123,"text":13398,"children":13399},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13400,13401],{"id":11975,"depth":130,"text":11913},{"id":12042,"depth":130,"text":12642},{"id":12663,"depth":123,"text":12664},{"id":13032,"depth":123,"text":13404},"When to use clear()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":13407},[13408,13410,13412,13414],{"id":13298,"depth":130,"text":13409},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13308,"depth":130,"text":13411},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13318,"depth":130,"text":13413},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13333,"depth":130,"text":13415},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11904,"description":13417},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13424,"title":13425,"body":13426,"description":15595,"extension":2542,"meta":15596,"navigation":126,"path":15597,"seo":15598,"stem":15599,"__hash__":15600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13427,"toc":15567},[13428,13433,13438,13448,13450,13539,13543,13584,13589,13596,13614,13623,13625,13646,13649,13661,13663,13742,13746,13787,13789,13792,13920,13924,14004,14007,14025,14028,14032,14038,14040,14051,14053,14248,14252,14358,14361,14379,14382,14389,14394,14398,14412,14414,14541,14545,14625,14638,14644,14647,14655,14659,14785,14789,14863,14868,14999,15003,15077,15080,15094,15098,15102,15116,15118,15254,15258,15327,15329,15334,15356,15359,15466,15469,15480,15487,15489,15495,15498,15505,15508,15515,15523,15527,15530,15532,15564],[10,13429,11910,13431,11914],{"id":13430},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[28,13432,13372],{},[14,13434,13435,13437],{},[28,13436,13029],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13439,13440,13441,13443,13444,13447],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[28,13442,13372],{}," makes a ",[67,13445,13446],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[72,13449,75],{"id":74},[21,13451,13453],{"className":23,"code":13452,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[28,13454,13455,13493,13510,13514,13525],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13456,13457,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13458,13459],{"class":37},"student ",[31,13461,89],{"class":88},[31,13463,11082],{"class":41},[31,13465,260],{"class":259},[31,13467,8256],{"class":263},[31,13469,260],{"class":259},[31,13471,48],{"class":41},[31,13473,271],{"class":259},[31,13475,13476],{"class":263},"Ana",[31,13478,260],{"class":259},[31,13480,99],{"class":41},[31,13482,271],{"class":259},[31,13484,9890],{"class":263},[31,13486,260],{"class":259},[31,13488,48],{"class":41},[31,13490,102],{"class":95},[31,13492,9900],{"class":41},[31,13494,13495,13498,13500,13503,13505,13508],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13496,13497],{"class":37},"student_copy ",[31,13499,89],{"class":88},[31,13501,13502],{"class":37}," student",[31,13504,70],{"class":41},[31,13506,13507],{"class":140},"copy",[31,13509,1772],{"class":41},[31,13511,13512],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,13513,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,13515,13516,13518,13520,13523],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,13517,134],{"class":133},[31,13519,137],{"class":41},[31,13521,13522],{"class":140},"student_copy",[31,13524,120],{"class":41},[31,13526,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,13528,134],{"class":133},[31,13530,137],{"class":41},[31,13532,13497],{"class":140},[31,13534,12788],{"class":4457},[31,13536,13502],{"class":140},[31,13538,120],{"class":41},[14,13540,13541],{},[67,13542,358],{},[21,13544,13546],{"className":23,"code":13545,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[28,13547,13548,13580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13549,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13551,9869],{"class":41},[31,13553,370],{"class":259},[31,13555,8256],{"class":263},[31,13557,370],{"class":259},[31,13559,48],{"class":41},[31,13561,379],{"class":259},[31,13563,13476],{"class":263},[31,13565,370],{"class":259},[31,13567,99],{"class":41},[31,13569,379],{"class":259},[31,13571,9890],{"class":263},[31,13573,370],{"class":259},[31,13575,48],{"class":41},[31,13577,102],{"class":95},[31,13579,9900],{"class":41},[31,13581,13582],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13583,4621],{"class":4432},[14,13585,2668,13586,13588],{},[28,13587,13372],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[72,13590,13592,13593,13595],{"id":13591},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[28,13594,13372],{}," method does",[228,13597,13598,13603,13606,13611],{},[231,13599,13600,13602],{},[28,13601,13029],{}," returns a new dictionary",[231,13604,13605],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[231,13607,13608,13609],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[28,13610,13372],{},[231,13612,13613],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13615,13616,13617,3456,13620,70],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[264,13618,9747],{"href":13619},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[264,13621,9983],{"href":13622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[72,13624,2733],{"id":2732},[21,13626,13628],{"className":23,"code":13627,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[28,13629,13630],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13631,13632,13635,13637,13640,13642,13644],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13633,13634],{"class":37},"new_dict ",[31,13636,89],{"class":88},[31,13638,13639],{"class":37}," old_dict",[31,13641,70],{"class":41},[31,13643,13507],{"class":140},[31,13645,1772],{"class":41},[14,13647,13648],{},"Key points:",[228,13650,13651,13655,13658],{},[231,13652,13653,12058],{},[28,13654,13372],{},[231,13656,13657],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[231,13659,13660],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13662,242],{},[21,13664,13666],{"className":23,"code":13665,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[28,13667,13668,13711,13727,13731],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13669,13670,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13707,13709],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13671,13672],{"class":37},"colors ",[31,13674,89],{"class":88},[31,13676,11082],{"class":41},[31,13678,260],{"class":259},[31,13680,264],{"class":263},[31,13682,260],{"class":259},[31,13684,48],{"class":41},[31,13686,271],{"class":259},[31,13688,13689],{"class":263},"red",[31,13691,260],{"class":259},[31,13693,99],{"class":41},[31,13695,271],{"class":259},[31,13697,274],{"class":263},[31,13699,260],{"class":259},[31,13701,48],{"class":41},[31,13703,271],{"class":259},[31,13705,13706],{"class":263},"blue",[31,13708,260],{"class":259},[31,13710,9900],{"class":41},[31,13712,13713,13716,13718,13721,13723,13725],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13714,13715],{"class":37},"new_colors ",[31,13717,89],{"class":88},[31,13719,13720],{"class":37}," colors",[31,13722,70],{"class":41},[31,13724,13507],{"class":140},[31,13726,1772],{"class":41},[31,13728,13729],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,13730,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,13732,13733,13735,13737,13740],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,13734,134],{"class":133},[31,13736,137],{"class":41},[31,13738,13739],{"class":140},"new_colors",[31,13741,120],{"class":41},[14,13743,13744],{},[67,13745,358],{},[21,13747,13749],{"className":23,"code":13748,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[28,13750,13751],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13752,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13754,9869],{"class":41},[31,13756,370],{"class":259},[31,13758,264],{"class":263},[31,13760,370],{"class":259},[31,13762,48],{"class":41},[31,13764,379],{"class":259},[31,13766,13689],{"class":263},[31,13768,370],{"class":259},[31,13770,99],{"class":41},[31,13772,379],{"class":259},[31,13774,274],{"class":263},[31,13776,370],{"class":259},[31,13778,48],{"class":41},[31,13780,379],{"class":259},[31,13782,13706],{"class":263},[31,13784,370],{"class":259},[31,13786,9900],{"class":41},[72,13788,12068],{"id":12067},[14,13790,13791],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[21,13793,13795],{"className":23,"code":13794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[28,13796,13797,13835,13851,13855,13877,13881,13900],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13798,13799,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13800,13801],{"class":37},"person ",[31,13803,89],{"class":88},[31,13805,11082],{"class":41},[31,13807,260],{"class":259},[31,13809,8256],{"class":263},[31,13811,260],{"class":259},[31,13813,48],{"class":41},[31,13815,271],{"class":259},[31,13817,13818],{"class":263},"Liam",[31,13820,260],{"class":259},[31,13822,99],{"class":41},[31,13824,271],{"class":259},[31,13826,9890],{"class":263},[31,13828,260],{"class":259},[31,13830,48],{"class":41},[31,13832,9897],{"class":95},[31,13834,9900],{"class":41},[31,13836,13837,13840,13842,13845,13847,13849],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13838,13839],{"class":37},"person_copy ",[31,13841,89],{"class":88},[31,13843,13844],{"class":37}," person",[31,13846,70],{"class":41},[31,13848,13507],{"class":140},[31,13850,1772],{"class":41},[31,13852,13853],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,13854,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,13856,13857,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13871,13874],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,13858,13859],{"class":37},"person_copy",[31,13861,42],{"class":41},[31,13863,260],{"class":259},[31,13865,9890],{"class":263},[31,13867,260],{"class":259},[31,13869,13870],{"class":41},"]",[31,13872,13873],{"class":88}," =",[31,13875,13876],{"class":95}," 26\n",[31,13878,13879],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,13880,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,13882,13883,13885,13887,13889,13892,13894,13896,13898],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,13884,134],{"class":133},[31,13886,137],{"class":41},[31,13888,260],{"class":259},[31,13890,13891],{"class":263},"Original:",[31,13893,260],{"class":259},[31,13895,99],{"class":41},[31,13897,13844],{"class":140},[31,13899,120],{"class":41},[31,13901,13902,13904,13906,13908,13911,13913,13915,13918],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,13903,134],{"class":133},[31,13905,137],{"class":41},[31,13907,260],{"class":259},[31,13909,13910],{"class":263},"Copy:",[31,13912,260],{"class":259},[31,13914,99],{"class":41},[31,13916,13917],{"class":140}," person_copy",[31,13919,120],{"class":41},[14,13921,13922],{},[67,13923,358],{},[21,13925,13927],{"className":23,"code":13926,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[28,13928,13929,13966],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,13930,13931,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,13932,13933],{"class":37},"Original",[31,13935,48],{"class":41},[31,13937,11082],{"class":41},[31,13939,370],{"class":259},[31,13941,8256],{"class":263},[31,13943,370],{"class":259},[31,13945,48],{"class":41},[31,13947,379],{"class":259},[31,13949,13818],{"class":263},[31,13951,370],{"class":259},[31,13953,99],{"class":41},[31,13955,379],{"class":259},[31,13957,9890],{"class":263},[31,13959,370],{"class":259},[31,13961,48],{"class":41},[31,13963,9897],{"class":95},[31,13965,9900],{"class":41},[31,13967,13968,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14002],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,13969,13970],{"class":37},"Copy",[31,13972,48],{"class":41},[31,13974,11082],{"class":41},[31,13976,370],{"class":259},[31,13978,8256],{"class":263},[31,13980,370],{"class":259},[31,13982,48],{"class":41},[31,13984,379],{"class":259},[31,13986,13818],{"class":263},[31,13988,370],{"class":259},[31,13990,99],{"class":41},[31,13992,379],{"class":259},[31,13994,9890],{"class":263},[31,13996,370],{"class":259},[31,13998,48],{"class":41},[31,14000,14001],{"class":95}," 26",[31,14003,9900],{"class":41},[14,14005,14006],{},"What happened here:",[228,14008,14009,14015,14022],{},[231,14010,14011,14014],{},[28,14012,14013],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[231,14016,14017,14018,14021],{},"Changing ",[28,14019,14020],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[231,14023,14024],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,14026,14027],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[72,14029,14031],{"id":14030},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,14033,14034,13443,14036,70],{},[28,14035,13372],{},[67,14037,13446],{},[14,14039,2683],{},[228,14041,14042,14045,14048],{},[231,14043,14044],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[231,14046,14047],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[231,14049,14050],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,14052,242],{},[21,14054,14056],{"className":23,"code":14055,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[28,14057,14058,14066,14084,14107,14111,14115,14129,14133,14158,14162,14180,14199,14214],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14059,14060,14062,14064],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14061,13459],{"class":37},[31,14063,89],{"class":88},[31,14065,12086],{"class":41},[31,14067,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14069,12091],{"class":259},[31,14071,8256],{"class":263},[31,14073,260],{"class":259},[31,14075,48],{"class":41},[31,14077,271],{"class":259},[31,14079,13476],{"class":263},[31,14081,260],{"class":259},[31,14083,12107],{"class":41},[31,14085,14086,14088,14091,14093,14095,14097,14100,14102,14105],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,14087,12091],{"class":259},[31,14089,14090],{"class":263},"grades",[31,14092,260],{"class":259},[31,14094,48],{"class":41},[31,14096,4200],{"class":41},[31,14098,14099],{"class":95},"90",[31,14101,99],{"class":41},[31,14103,14104],{"class":95}," 85",[31,14106,59],{"class":41},[31,14108,14109],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,14110,9900],{"class":41},[31,14112,14113],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,14114,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14116,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,14118,13497],{"class":37},[31,14120,89],{"class":88},[31,14122,13502],{"class":37},[31,14124,70],{"class":41},[31,14126,13507],{"class":140},[31,14128,1772],{"class":41},[31,14130,14131],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,14132,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14134,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14148,14151,14153,14156],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,14136,13522],{"class":37},[31,14138,42],{"class":41},[31,14140,260],{"class":259},[31,14142,14090],{"class":263},[31,14144,260],{"class":259},[31,14146,14147],{"class":41},"].",[31,14149,14150],{"class":140},"append",[31,14152,137],{"class":41},[31,14154,14155],{"class":95},"100",[31,14157,120],{"class":41},[31,14159,14160],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,14161,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14163,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,14165,134],{"class":133},[31,14167,137],{"class":41},[31,14169,260],{"class":259},[31,14171,13891],{"class":263},[31,14173,260],{"class":259},[31,14175,99],{"class":41},[31,14177,13502],{"class":140},[31,14179,120],{"class":41},[31,14181,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14197],{"class":33,"line":12188},[31,14183,134],{"class":133},[31,14185,137],{"class":41},[31,14187,260],{"class":259},[31,14189,13910],{"class":263},[31,14191,260],{"class":259},[31,14193,99],{"class":41},[31,14195,14196],{"class":140}," student_copy",[31,14198,120],{"class":41},[31,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212],{"class":33,"line":14201},12,[31,14203,134],{"class":133},[31,14205,137],{"class":41},[31,14207,13459],{"class":140},[31,14209,12788],{"class":4457},[31,14211,14196],{"class":140},[31,14213,120],{"class":41},[31,14215,14217,14219,14221,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246],{"class":33,"line":14216},13,[31,14218,134],{"class":133},[31,14220,137],{"class":41},[31,14222,14223],{"class":140},"student",[31,14225,42],{"class":41},[31,14227,260],{"class":259},[31,14229,14090],{"class":263},[31,14231,260],{"class":259},[31,14233,13870],{"class":41},[31,14235,8685],{"class":4457},[31,14237,14196],{"class":140},[31,14239,42],{"class":41},[31,14241,260],{"class":259},[31,14243,14090],{"class":263},[31,14245,260],{"class":259},[31,14247,566],{"class":41},[14,14249,14250],{},[67,14251,358],{},[21,14253,14255],{"className":23,"code":14254,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[28,14256,14257,14304,14350,14354],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14258,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14260,13933],{"class":37},[31,14262,48],{"class":41},[31,14264,11082],{"class":41},[31,14266,370],{"class":259},[31,14268,8256],{"class":263},[31,14270,370],{"class":259},[31,14272,48],{"class":41},[31,14274,379],{"class":259},[31,14276,13476],{"class":263},[31,14278,370],{"class":259},[31,14280,99],{"class":41},[31,14282,379],{"class":259},[31,14284,14090],{"class":263},[31,14286,370],{"class":259},[31,14288,48],{"class":41},[31,14290,4200],{"class":41},[31,14292,14099],{"class":95},[31,14294,99],{"class":41},[31,14296,14104],{"class":95},[31,14298,99],{"class":41},[31,14300,10709],{"class":95},[31,14302,14303],{"class":41},"]}\n",[31,14305,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14307,13970],{"class":37},[31,14309,48],{"class":41},[31,14311,11082],{"class":41},[31,14313,370],{"class":259},[31,14315,8256],{"class":263},[31,14317,370],{"class":259},[31,14319,48],{"class":41},[31,14321,379],{"class":259},[31,14323,13476],{"class":263},[31,14325,370],{"class":259},[31,14327,99],{"class":41},[31,14329,379],{"class":259},[31,14331,14090],{"class":263},[31,14333,370],{"class":259},[31,14335,48],{"class":41},[31,14337,4200],{"class":41},[31,14339,14099],{"class":95},[31,14341,99],{"class":41},[31,14343,14104],{"class":95},[31,14345,99],{"class":41},[31,14347,10709],{"class":95},[31,14349,14303],{"class":41},[31,14351,14352],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,14353,4621],{"class":4432},[31,14355,14356],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,14357,4560],{"class":4432},[14,14359,14360],{},"Notice the difference:",[228,14362,14363,14371],{},[231,14364,14365,5366,14368,14370],{},[28,14366,14367],{},"student is student_copy",[28,14369,4251],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[231,14372,14373,5366,14376,14378],{},[28,14374,14375],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[28,14377,4181],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14380,14381],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14383,14384,14385,70],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[264,14386,14388],{"href":14387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[72,14390,5544,14392],{"id":14391},"when-to-use-copy",[28,14393,13372],{},[14,14395,2668,14396,11193],{},[28,14397,13372],{},[228,14399,14400,14403,14406,14409],{},[231,14401,14402],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[231,14404,14405],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[231,14407,14408],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[231,14410,14411],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14413,242],{},[21,14415,14417],{"className":23,"code":14416,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[28,14418,14419,14458,14474,14478,14498,14502,14521],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14420,14421,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14449,14451,14453,14456],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14422,14423],{"class":37},"settings ",[31,14425,89],{"class":88},[31,14427,11082],{"class":41},[31,14429,260],{"class":259},[31,14431,13089],{"class":263},[31,14433,260],{"class":259},[31,14435,48],{"class":41},[31,14437,271],{"class":259},[31,14439,13098],{"class":263},[31,14441,260],{"class":259},[31,14443,99],{"class":41},[31,14445,271],{"class":259},[31,14447,14448],{"class":263},"font_size",[31,14450,260],{"class":259},[31,14452,48],{"class":41},[31,14454,14455],{"class":95}," 14",[31,14457,9900],{"class":41},[31,14459,14460,14463,14465,14468,14470,14472],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14461,14462],{"class":37},"settings_backup ",[31,14464,89],{"class":88},[31,14466,14467],{"class":37}," settings",[31,14469,70],{"class":41},[31,14471,13507],{"class":140},[31,14473,1772],{"class":41},[31,14475,14476],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,14477,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14479,14480,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,14481,14482],{"class":37},"settings",[31,14484,42],{"class":41},[31,14486,260],{"class":259},[31,14488,14448],{"class":263},[31,14490,260],{"class":259},[31,14492,13870],{"class":41},[31,14494,13873],{"class":88},[31,14496,14497],{"class":95}," 16\n",[31,14499,14500],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,14501,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14503,14504,14506,14508,14510,14513,14515,14517,14519],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,14505,134],{"class":133},[31,14507,137],{"class":41},[31,14509,260],{"class":259},[31,14511,14512],{"class":263},"Current:",[31,14514,260],{"class":259},[31,14516,99],{"class":41},[31,14518,14467],{"class":140},[31,14520,120],{"class":41},[31,14522,14523,14525,14527,14529,14532,14534,14536,14539],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,14524,134],{"class":133},[31,14526,137],{"class":41},[31,14528,260],{"class":259},[31,14530,14531],{"class":263},"Backup:",[31,14533,260],{"class":259},[31,14535,99],{"class":41},[31,14537,14538],{"class":140}," settings_backup",[31,14540,120],{"class":41},[14,14542,14543],{},[67,14544,358],{},[21,14546,14548],{"className":23,"code":14547,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[28,14549,14550,14588],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14551,14552,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14586],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14553,14554],{"class":37},"Current",[31,14556,48],{"class":41},[31,14558,11082],{"class":41},[31,14560,370],{"class":259},[31,14562,13089],{"class":263},[31,14564,370],{"class":259},[31,14566,48],{"class":41},[31,14568,379],{"class":259},[31,14570,13098],{"class":263},[31,14572,370],{"class":259},[31,14574,99],{"class":41},[31,14576,379],{"class":259},[31,14578,14448],{"class":263},[31,14580,370],{"class":259},[31,14582,48],{"class":41},[31,14584,14585],{"class":95}," 16",[31,14587,9900],{"class":41},[31,14589,14590,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14591,14592],{"class":37},"Backup",[31,14594,48],{"class":41},[31,14596,11082],{"class":41},[31,14598,370],{"class":259},[31,14600,13089],{"class":263},[31,14602,370],{"class":259},[31,14604,48],{"class":41},[31,14606,379],{"class":259},[31,14608,13098],{"class":263},[31,14610,370],{"class":259},[31,14612,99],{"class":41},[31,14614,379],{"class":259},[31,14616,14448],{"class":263},[31,14618,370],{"class":259},[31,14620,48],{"class":41},[31,14622,14455],{"class":95},[31,14624,9900],{"class":41},[14,14626,14627,14628,3456,14634,70],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[264,14629,14631],{"href":14630},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[28,14632,14633],{},"dict.update()",[264,14635,14636],{"href":13419},[28,14637,11919],{},[72,14639,14641,14643],{"id":14640},"copy-vs-assignment",[28,14642,13372],{}," vs assignment",[14,14645,14646],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14648,9007,14649,14651,14652,14654],{},[28,14650,89],{}," does ",[67,14653,5213],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[613,14656,14658],{"id":14657},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[21,14660,14662],{"className":23,"code":14661,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[28,14663,14664,14696,14705,14709,14729,14733,14751,14771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14667,12680],{"class":37},[31,14669,89],{"class":88},[31,14671,11082],{"class":41},[31,14673,260],{"class":259},[31,14675,2750],{"class":263},[31,14677,260],{"class":259},[31,14679,48],{"class":41},[31,14681,6082],{"class":95},[31,14683,99],{"class":41},[31,14685,271],{"class":259},[31,14687,12339],{"class":263},[31,14689,260],{"class":259},[31,14691,48],{"class":41},[31,14693,3571],{"class":95},[31,14695,9900],{"class":41},[31,14697,14698,14701,14703],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14699,14700],{"class":37},"assigned ",[31,14702,89],{"class":88},[31,14704,12718],{"class":37},[31,14706,14707],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,14708,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14710,14711,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,14712,14713],{"class":37},"assigned",[31,14715,42],{"class":41},[31,14717,260],{"class":259},[31,14719,2750],{"class":263},[31,14721,260],{"class":259},[31,14723,13870],{"class":41},[31,14725,13873],{"class":88},[31,14727,14728],{"class":95}," 99\n",[31,14730,14731],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,14732,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14734,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,14736,134],{"class":133},[31,14738,137],{"class":41},[31,14740,260],{"class":259},[31,14742,13891],{"class":263},[31,14744,260],{"class":259},[31,14746,99],{"class":41},[31,14748,12755],{"class":140},[31,14750,120],{"class":41},[31,14752,14753,14755,14757,14759,14762,14764,14766,14769],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,14754,134],{"class":133},[31,14756,137],{"class":41},[31,14758,260],{"class":259},[31,14760,14761],{"class":263},"Assigned:",[31,14763,260],{"class":259},[31,14765,99],{"class":41},[31,14767,14768],{"class":140}," assigned",[31,14770,120],{"class":41},[31,14772,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,14774,134],{"class":133},[31,14776,137],{"class":41},[31,14778,12680],{"class":140},[31,14780,12788],{"class":4457},[31,14782,14768],{"class":140},[31,14784,120],{"class":41},[14,14786,14787],{},[67,14788,358],{},[21,14790,14792],{"className":23,"code":14791,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[28,14793,14794,14826,14859],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14795,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14797,13933],{"class":37},[31,14799,48],{"class":41},[31,14801,11082],{"class":41},[31,14803,370],{"class":259},[31,14805,2750],{"class":263},[31,14807,370],{"class":259},[31,14809,48],{"class":41},[31,14811,10788],{"class":95},[31,14813,99],{"class":41},[31,14815,379],{"class":259},[31,14817,12339],{"class":263},[31,14819,370],{"class":259},[31,14821,48],{"class":41},[31,14823,3571],{"class":95},[31,14825,9900],{"class":41},[31,14827,14828,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14829,14830],{"class":37},"Assigned",[31,14832,48],{"class":41},[31,14834,11082],{"class":41},[31,14836,370],{"class":259},[31,14838,2750],{"class":263},[31,14840,370],{"class":259},[31,14842,48],{"class":41},[31,14844,10788],{"class":95},[31,14846,99],{"class":41},[31,14848,379],{"class":259},[31,14850,12339],{"class":263},[31,14852,370],{"class":259},[31,14854,48],{"class":41},[31,14856,3571],{"class":95},[31,14858,9900],{"class":41},[31,14860,14861],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,14862,4560],{"class":4432},[613,14864,9007,14866],{"id":14865},"using-copy",[28,14867,13372],{},[21,14869,14871],{"className":23,"code":14870,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[28,14872,14873,14905,14920,14924,14943,14947,14965,14985],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,14874,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,14876,12680],{"class":37},[31,14878,89],{"class":88},[31,14880,11082],{"class":41},[31,14882,260],{"class":259},[31,14884,2750],{"class":263},[31,14886,260],{"class":259},[31,14888,48],{"class":41},[31,14890,6082],{"class":95},[31,14892,99],{"class":41},[31,14894,271],{"class":259},[31,14896,12339],{"class":263},[31,14898,260],{"class":259},[31,14900,48],{"class":41},[31,14902,3571],{"class":95},[31,14904,9900],{"class":41},[31,14906,14907,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,14908,14909],{"class":37},"copied ",[31,14911,89],{"class":88},[31,14913,12755],{"class":37},[31,14915,70],{"class":41},[31,14917,13507],{"class":140},[31,14919,1772],{"class":41},[31,14921,14922],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,14923,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14925,14926,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,14927,14928],{"class":37},"copied",[31,14930,42],{"class":41},[31,14932,260],{"class":259},[31,14934,2750],{"class":263},[31,14936,260],{"class":259},[31,14938,13870],{"class":41},[31,14940,13873],{"class":88},[31,14942,14728],{"class":95},[31,14944,14945],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,14946,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,14948,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,14950,134],{"class":133},[31,14952,137],{"class":41},[31,14954,260],{"class":259},[31,14956,13891],{"class":263},[31,14958,260],{"class":259},[31,14960,99],{"class":41},[31,14962,12755],{"class":140},[31,14964,120],{"class":41},[31,14966,14967,14969,14971,14973,14976,14978,14980,14983],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,14968,134],{"class":133},[31,14970,137],{"class":41},[31,14972,260],{"class":259},[31,14974,14975],{"class":263},"Copied:",[31,14977,260],{"class":259},[31,14979,99],{"class":41},[31,14981,14982],{"class":140}," copied",[31,14984,120],{"class":41},[31,14986,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,14988,134],{"class":133},[31,14990,137],{"class":41},[31,14992,12680],{"class":140},[31,14994,12788],{"class":4457},[31,14996,14982],{"class":140},[31,14998,120],{"class":41},[14,15000,15001],{},[67,15002,358],{},[21,15004,15006],{"className":23,"code":15005,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[28,15007,15008,15040,15073],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15009,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15011,13933],{"class":37},[31,15013,48],{"class":41},[31,15015,11082],{"class":41},[31,15017,370],{"class":259},[31,15019,2750],{"class":263},[31,15021,370],{"class":259},[31,15023,48],{"class":41},[31,15025,6082],{"class":95},[31,15027,99],{"class":41},[31,15029,379],{"class":259},[31,15031,12339],{"class":263},[31,15033,370],{"class":259},[31,15035,48],{"class":41},[31,15037,3571],{"class":95},[31,15039,9900],{"class":41},[31,15041,15042,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15043,15044],{"class":37},"Copied",[31,15046,48],{"class":41},[31,15048,11082],{"class":41},[31,15050,370],{"class":259},[31,15052,2750],{"class":263},[31,15054,370],{"class":259},[31,15056,48],{"class":41},[31,15058,10788],{"class":95},[31,15060,99],{"class":41},[31,15062,379],{"class":259},[31,15064,12339],{"class":263},[31,15066,370],{"class":259},[31,15068,48],{"class":41},[31,15070,3571],{"class":95},[31,15072,9900],{"class":41},[31,15074,15075],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,15076,4621],{"class":4432},[14,15078,15079],{},"Summary:",[228,15081,15082,15088],{},[231,15083,15084,15087],{},[28,15085,15086],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[231,15089,15090,15093],{},[28,15091,15092],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[72,15095,15097],{"id":15096},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,15099,15100,48],{},[28,15101,13372],{},[228,15103,15104,15107,15110,15113],{},[231,15105,15106],{},"Returns a dictionary",[231,15108,15109],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[231,15111,15112],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[231,15114,15115],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,15117,242],{},[21,15119,15121],{"className":23,"code":15120,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[28,15122,15123,15155,15171,15175,15193,15213,15217,15235],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15124,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15126,9757],{"class":37},[31,15128,89],{"class":88},[31,15130,11082],{"class":41},[31,15132,260],{"class":259},[31,15134,264],{"class":263},[31,15136,260],{"class":259},[31,15138,48],{"class":41},[31,15140,6082],{"class":95},[31,15142,99],{"class":41},[31,15144,271],{"class":259},[31,15146,274],{"class":263},[31,15148,260],{"class":259},[31,15150,48],{"class":41},[31,15152,3571],{"class":95},[31,15154,9900],{"class":41},[31,15156,15157,15160,15162,15165,15167,15169],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15158,15159],{"class":37},"data_copy ",[31,15161,89],{"class":88},[31,15163,15164],{"class":37}," data",[31,15166,70],{"class":41},[31,15168,13507],{"class":140},[31,15170,1772],{"class":41},[31,15172,15173],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,15174,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,15176,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,15178,9796],{"class":37},[31,15180,42],{"class":41},[31,15182,260],{"class":259},[31,15184,264],{"class":263},[31,15186,260],{"class":259},[31,15188,13870],{"class":41},[31,15190,13873],{"class":88},[31,15192,3163],{"class":95},[31,15194,15195,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,15196,15197],{"class":37},"data_copy",[31,15199,42],{"class":41},[31,15201,260],{"class":259},[31,15203,274],{"class":263},[31,15205,260],{"class":259},[31,15207,13870],{"class":41},[31,15209,13873],{"class":88},[31,15211,15212],{"class":95}," 20\n",[31,15214,15215],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,15216,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,15218,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,15220,134],{"class":133},[31,15222,137],{"class":41},[31,15224,260],{"class":259},[31,15226,13891],{"class":263},[31,15228,260],{"class":259},[31,15230,99],{"class":41},[31,15232,15164],{"class":140},[31,15234,120],{"class":41},[31,15236,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15252],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,15238,134],{"class":133},[31,15240,137],{"class":41},[31,15242,260],{"class":259},[31,15244,13910],{"class":263},[31,15246,260],{"class":259},[31,15248,99],{"class":41},[31,15250,15251],{"class":140}," data_copy",[31,15253,120],{"class":41},[14,15255,15256],{},[67,15257,358],{},[21,15259,15261],{"className":23,"code":15260,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[28,15262,15263,15295],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15264,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15266,13933],{"class":37},[31,15268,48],{"class":41},[31,15270,11082],{"class":41},[31,15272,370],{"class":259},[31,15274,264],{"class":263},[31,15276,370],{"class":259},[31,15278,48],{"class":41},[31,15280,1026],{"class":95},[31,15282,99],{"class":41},[31,15284,379],{"class":259},[31,15286,274],{"class":263},[31,15288,370],{"class":259},[31,15290,48],{"class":41},[31,15292,3571],{"class":95},[31,15294,9900],{"class":41},[31,15296,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15298,13970],{"class":37},[31,15300,48],{"class":41},[31,15302,11082],{"class":41},[31,15304,370],{"class":259},[31,15306,264],{"class":263},[31,15308,370],{"class":259},[31,15310,48],{"class":41},[31,15312,6082],{"class":95},[31,15314,99],{"class":41},[31,15316,379],{"class":259},[31,15318,274],{"class":263},[31,15320,370],{"class":259},[31,15322,48],{"class":41},[31,15324,102],{"class":95},[31,15326,9900],{"class":41},[72,15328,3407],{"id":3406},[14,15330,15331,15332,48],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[28,15333,13029],{},[228,15335,15336,15343,15348,15353],{},[231,15337,9007,15338,11685,15340,15342],{},[28,15339,89],{},[28,15341,13372],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[231,15344,5161,15345,15347],{},[28,15346,13372],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[231,15349,15350,15351],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[28,15352,13372],{},[231,15354,15355],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,15357,15358],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[21,15360,15362],{"className":23,"code":15361,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[28,15363,15364,15374,15384,15398,15421,15444],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15365,15366,15368,15370,15372],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15367,134],{"class":133},[31,15369,137],{"class":41},[31,15371,12727],{"class":140},[31,15373,120],{"class":41},[31,15375,15376,15378,15380,15382],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15377,134],{"class":133},[31,15379,137],{"class":41},[31,15381,14928],{"class":140},[31,15383,120],{"class":41},[31,15385,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,15387,134],{"class":133},[31,15389,137],{"class":41},[31,15391,12680],{"class":140},[31,15393,12788],{"class":4457},[31,15395,14982],{"class":140},[31,15397,120],{"class":41},[31,15399,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15415,15417,15419],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,15401,134],{"class":133},[31,15403,137],{"class":41},[31,15405,13244],{"class":133},[31,15407,137],{"class":41},[31,15409,12727],{"class":140},[31,15411,9825],{"class":41},[31,15413,15414],{"class":133}," id",[31,15416,137],{"class":41},[31,15418,14928],{"class":140},[31,15420,1569],{"class":41},[31,15422,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437,15440,15442],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,15424,134],{"class":133},[31,15426,137],{"class":41},[31,15428,13244],{"class":133},[31,15430,137],{"class":41},[31,15432,12727],{"class":140},[31,15434,42],{"class":41},[31,15436,260],{"class":259},[31,15438,15439],{"class":263},"key",[31,15441,260],{"class":259},[31,15443,2399],{"class":41},[31,15445,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,15447,134],{"class":133},[31,15449,137],{"class":41},[31,15451,13244],{"class":133},[31,15453,137],{"class":41},[31,15455,14928],{"class":140},[31,15457,42],{"class":41},[31,15459,260],{"class":259},[31,15461,15439],{"class":263},[31,15463,260],{"class":259},[31,15465,2399],{"class":41},[14,15467,15468],{},"What these help you check:",[228,15470,15471,15474,15477],{},[231,15472,15473],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[231,15475,15476],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[231,15478,15479],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15481,15482,15483,70],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[264,15484,15486],{"href":15485},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[72,15488,2435],{"id":2434},[613,15490,13299,15492,15494],{"id":15491},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[28,15493,13029],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15496,15497],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[613,15499,15501,15502,15504],{"id":15500},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[28,15503,13029],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15506,15507],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[613,15509,5762,15511,4975,15513,2466],{"id":15510},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[28,15512,13372],{},[28,15514,89],{},[14,15516,15517,15519,15520,15522],{},[28,15518,13372],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[28,15521,89],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[613,15524,15526],{"id":15525},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15528,15529],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[72,15531,2475],{"id":2474},[228,15533,15534,15538,15542,15546,15553,15559],{},[231,15535,15536],{},[264,15537,11834],{"href":13622},[231,15539,15540],{},[264,15541,9747],{"href":13619},[231,15543,15544],{},[264,15545,14388],{"href":14387},[231,15547,15548],{},[264,15549,11329,15550,11333],{"href":14630},[28,15551,15552],{},"update()",[231,15554,15555],{},[264,15556,11329,15557,11333],{"href":13419},[28,15558,11913],{},[231,15560,15561],{},[264,15562,15563],{"href":15485},"How to copy a list in Python",[2499,15565,15566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":15568},[15569,15570,15572,15573,15574,15575,15577,15583,15584,15585,15594],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":13591,"depth":123,"text":15571},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":14030,"depth":123,"text":14031},{"id":14391,"depth":123,"text":15576},"When to use copy()",{"id":14640,"depth":123,"text":15578,"children":15579},"copy() vs assignment",[15580,15581],{"id":14657,"depth":130,"text":14658},{"id":14865,"depth":130,"text":15582},"Using copy()",{"id":15096,"depth":123,"text":15097},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":15586},[15587,15589,15591,15593],{"id":15491,"depth":130,"text":15588},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15500,"depth":130,"text":15590},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15510,"depth":130,"text":15592},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15525,"depth":130,"text":15526},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13425,"description":15595},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15602,"title":15603,"body":15604,"description":17801,"extension":2542,"meta":17802,"navigation":126,"path":13622,"seo":17803,"stem":17804,"__hash__":17805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15605,"toc":17763},[15606,15609,15615,15624,15626,15702,15706,15755,15758,15762,15775,15778,15782,15795,15798,15831,15845,15848,15860,15864,15867,15875,15955,15959,16012,16016,16034,16036,16118,16121,16123,16126,16129,16152,16176,16180,16188,16191,16195,16204,16209,16267,16271,16304,16310,16316,16319,16373,16377,16427,16430,16436,16439,16447,16449,16494,16499,16508,16511,16514,16561,16563,16568,16571,16665,16669,16722,16725,16781,16784,16788,16791,16805,16809,16875,16879,16904,16907,16911,16989,16993,16996,16999,17019,17022,17075,17079,17082,17085,17098,17100,17189,17196,17199,17210,17212,17215,17235,17239,17242,17251,17254,17293,17297,17299,17308,17317,17319,17357,17361,17408,17412,17433,17437,17440,17552,17557,17655,17677,17679,17683,17690,17694,17700,17704,17707,17711,17714,17721,17729,17731,17757,17760],[10,15607,15603],{"id":15608},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15610,15611,15612,15614],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[67,15613,9723],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15616,15617,15618,3456,15620,70],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[264,15619,9747],{"href":9746},[264,15621,15623],{"href":15622},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[72,15625,75],{"id":74},[21,15627,15629],{"className":23,"code":15628,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[28,15630,15631,15639,15657,15671,15684,15688,15692],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15632,15633,15635,15637],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15634,13459],{"class":37},[31,15636,89],{"class":88},[31,15638,12086],{"class":41},[31,15640,15641,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15642,12091],{"class":259},[31,15644,8256],{"class":263},[31,15646,260],{"class":259},[31,15648,48],{"class":41},[31,15650,271],{"class":259},[31,15652,13476],{"class":263},[31,15654,260],{"class":259},[31,15656,12107],{"class":41},[31,15658,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,15660,12091],{"class":259},[31,15662,9890],{"class":263},[31,15664,260],{"class":259},[31,15666,48],{"class":41},[31,15668,102],{"class":95},[31,15670,12107],{"class":41},[31,15672,15673,15675,15678,15680,15682],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,15674,12091],{"class":259},[31,15676,15677],{"class":263},"is_active",[31,15679,260],{"class":259},[31,15681,48],{"class":41},[31,15683,7008],{"class":4432},[31,15685,15686],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,15687,9900],{"class":41},[31,15689,15690],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,15691,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,15693,15694,15696,15698,15700],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,15695,134],{"class":133},[31,15697,137],{"class":41},[31,15699,14223],{"class":140},[31,15701,120],{"class":41},[14,15703,15704],{},[67,15705,358],{},[21,15707,15709],{"className":23,"code":15708,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[28,15710,15711],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15712,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15714,9869],{"class":41},[31,15716,370],{"class":259},[31,15718,8256],{"class":263},[31,15720,370],{"class":259},[31,15722,48],{"class":41},[31,15724,379],{"class":259},[31,15726,13476],{"class":263},[31,15728,370],{"class":259},[31,15730,99],{"class":41},[31,15732,379],{"class":259},[31,15734,9890],{"class":263},[31,15736,370],{"class":259},[31,15738,48],{"class":41},[31,15740,102],{"class":95},[31,15742,99],{"class":41},[31,15744,379],{"class":259},[31,15746,15677],{"class":263},[31,15748,370],{"class":259},[31,15750,48],{"class":41},[31,15752,4496],{"class":4432},[31,15754,9900],{"class":41},[14,15756,15757],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[72,15759,15761],{"id":15760},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[228,15763,15764,15767,15770,15773],{},[231,15765,15766],{},"What a dictionary is",[231,15768,15769],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[231,15771,15772],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[231,15774,1987],{},[72,15776,15766],{"id":15777},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15779,9720,15780,70],{},[67,15781,9723],{},[228,15783,15784,15790],{},[231,15785,15786,15787,15789],{},"A ",[67,15788,15439],{}," is the label",[231,15791,15786,15792,15794],{},[67,15793,3049],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15796,15797],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[21,15799,15801],{"className":23,"code":15800,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[28,15802,15803,15811,15827],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15804,15805,15807,15809],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15806,13459],{"class":37},[31,15808,89],{"class":88},[31,15810,12086],{"class":41},[31,15812,15813,15815,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15814,12091],{"class":259},[31,15816,8256],{"class":263},[31,15818,260],{"class":259},[31,15820,48],{"class":41},[31,15822,271],{"class":259},[31,15824,13476],{"class":263},[31,15826,3934],{"class":259},[31,15828,15829],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,15830,9900],{"class":41},[228,15832,15833,15839],{},[231,15834,15835,15838],{},[28,15836,15837],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[231,15840,15841,15844],{},[28,15842,15843],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15846,15847],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[228,15849,15850,15852,15854,15857],{},[231,15851,8256],{},[231,15853,9890],{},[231,15855,15856],{},"email",[231,15858,15859],{},"country",[72,15861,15863],{"id":15862},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15865,15866],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15868,2668,15869,15871,15872,70],{},[28,15870,4371],{}," and write each item as ",[28,15873,15874],{},"key: value",[21,15876,15878],{"className":23,"code":15877,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[28,15879,15880,15888,15906,15920,15937,15941,15945],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15881,15882,15884,15886],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15883,13459],{"class":37},[31,15885,89],{"class":88},[31,15887,12086],{"class":41},[31,15889,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,15891,12091],{"class":259},[31,15893,8256],{"class":263},[31,15895,260],{"class":259},[31,15897,48],{"class":41},[31,15899,271],{"class":259},[31,15901,13476],{"class":263},[31,15903,260],{"class":259},[31,15905,12107],{"class":41},[31,15907,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,15909,12091],{"class":259},[31,15911,9890],{"class":263},[31,15913,260],{"class":259},[31,15915,48],{"class":41},[31,15917,102],{"class":95},[31,15919,12107],{"class":41},[31,15921,15922,15924,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,15923,12091],{"class":259},[31,15925,15926],{"class":263},"course",[31,15928,260],{"class":259},[31,15930,48],{"class":41},[31,15932,271],{"class":259},[31,15934,7884],{"class":263},[31,15936,3934],{"class":259},[31,15938,15939],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,15940,9900],{"class":41},[31,15942,15943],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,15944,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,15946,15947,15949,15951,15953],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,15948,134],{"class":133},[31,15950,137],{"class":41},[31,15952,14223],{"class":140},[31,15954,120],{"class":41},[14,15956,15957],{},[67,15958,358],{},[21,15960,15962],{"className":23,"code":15961,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[28,15963,15964],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,15965,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,15967,9869],{"class":41},[31,15969,370],{"class":259},[31,15971,8256],{"class":263},[31,15973,370],{"class":259},[31,15975,48],{"class":41},[31,15977,379],{"class":259},[31,15979,13476],{"class":263},[31,15981,370],{"class":259},[31,15983,99],{"class":41},[31,15985,379],{"class":259},[31,15987,9890],{"class":263},[31,15989,370],{"class":259},[31,15991,48],{"class":41},[31,15993,102],{"class":95},[31,15995,99],{"class":41},[31,15997,379],{"class":259},[31,15999,15926],{"class":263},[31,16001,370],{"class":259},[31,16003,48],{"class":41},[31,16005,379],{"class":259},[31,16007,7884],{"class":263},[31,16009,370],{"class":259},[31,16011,9900],{"class":41},[613,16013,16015],{"id":16014},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[228,16017,16018,16023,16028,16031],{},[231,16019,2668,16020,16022],{},[28,16021,4371],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[231,16024,16025,16026],{},"Write each item as ",[28,16027,15874],{},[231,16029,16030],{},"Separate items with commas",[231,16032,16033],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,16035,242],{},[21,16037,16039],{"className":23,"code":16038,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[28,16040,16041,16050,16070,16086,16099,16103,16107],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16042,16043,16046,16048],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16044,16045],{"class":37},"book ",[31,16047,89],{"class":88},[31,16049,12086],{"class":41},[31,16051,16052,16054,16057,16059,16061,16063,16066,16068],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16053,12091],{"class":259},[31,16055,16056],{"class":263},"title",[31,16058,260],{"class":259},[31,16060,48],{"class":41},[31,16062,271],{"class":259},[31,16064,16065],{"class":263},"Python Basics",[31,16067,260],{"class":259},[31,16069,12107],{"class":41},[31,16071,16072,16074,16077,16079,16081,16084],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,16073,12091],{"class":259},[31,16075,16076],{"class":263},"pages",[31,16078,260],{"class":259},[31,16080,48],{"class":41},[31,16082,16083],{"class":95}," 150",[31,16085,12107],{"class":41},[31,16087,16088,16090,16093,16095,16097],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,16089,12091],{"class":259},[31,16091,16092],{"class":263},"available",[31,16094,260],{"class":259},[31,16096,48],{"class":41},[31,16098,7008],{"class":4432},[31,16100,16101],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,16102,9900],{"class":41},[31,16104,16105],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,16106,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16108,16109,16111,16113,16116],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,16110,134],{"class":133},[31,16112,137],{"class":41},[31,16114,16115],{"class":140},"book",[31,16117,120],{"class":41},[14,16119,16120],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[72,16122,9994],{"id":9993},[14,16124,16125],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,16127,16128],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[21,16130,16132],{"className":23,"code":16131,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[28,16133,16134,16142],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16135,16136,16138,16140],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16137,9757],{"class":37},[31,16139,89],{"class":88},[31,16141,10429],{"class":41},[31,16143,16144,16146,16148,16150],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16145,134],{"class":133},[31,16147,137],{"class":41},[31,16149,9796],{"class":140},[31,16151,120],{"class":41},[21,16153,16154],{"className":23,"code":9997,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,16155,16156,16166],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16157,16158,16160,16162,16164],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16159,9757],{"class":37},[31,16161,89],{"class":88},[31,16163,9762],{"class":1561},[31,16165,1772],{"class":41},[31,16167,16168,16170,16172,16174],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16169,134],{"class":133},[31,16171,137],{"class":41},[31,16173,9796],{"class":140},[31,16175,120],{"class":41},[14,16177,16178],{},[67,16179,358],{},[21,16181,16182],{"className":23,"code":10026,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,16183,16184],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16185,16186],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16187,10026],{"class":41},[14,16189,16190],{},"Both are correct.",[613,16192,16194],{"id":16193},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,16196,16197,16199,16200,16203],{},[28,16198,4371],{}," creates an empty ",[67,16201,16202],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,16205,16206,16207,70],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[28,16208,4376],{},[21,16210,16212],{"className":23,"code":16211,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[28,16213,16214,16222,16234,16238,16252],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16215,16216,16218,16220],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16217,12318],{"class":37},[31,16219,89],{"class":88},[31,16221,10429],{"class":41},[31,16223,16224,16227,16229,16232],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16225,16226],{"class":37},"my_set ",[31,16228,89],{"class":88},[31,16230,16231],{"class":1561}," set",[31,16233,1772],{"class":41},[31,16235,16236],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,16237,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16239,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,16241,134],{"class":133},[31,16243,137],{"class":41},[31,16245,1562],{"class":1561},[31,16247,137],{"class":41},[31,16249,12042],{"class":140},[31,16251,1569],{"class":41},[31,16253,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16265],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,16255,134],{"class":133},[31,16257,137],{"class":41},[31,16259,1562],{"class":1561},[31,16261,137],{"class":41},[31,16263,16264],{"class":140},"my_set",[31,16266,1569],{"class":41},[14,16268,16269],{},[67,16270,358],{},[21,16272,16274],{"className":23,"code":16273,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[28,16275,16276,16290],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16277,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16279,1593],{"class":88},[31,16281,1597],{"class":1596},[31,16283,379],{"class":259},[31,16285,9412],{"class":263},[31,16287,370],{"class":259},[31,16289,1606],{"class":88},[31,16291,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16293,1593],{"class":88},[31,16295,1597],{"class":1596},[31,16297,379],{"class":259},[31,16299,6871],{"class":263},[31,16301,370],{"class":259},[31,16303,1606],{"class":88},[72,16305,16307,16308],{"id":16306},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[28,16309,9711],{},[14,16311,16312,16313,16315],{},"You can also use ",[28,16314,9711],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,16317,16318],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[21,16320,16322],{"className":23,"code":16321,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[28,16323,16324,16363],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16325,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16357,16359,16361],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16327,13459],{"class":37},[31,16329,89],{"class":88},[31,16331,9762],{"class":1561},[31,16333,137],{"class":41},[31,16335,8256],{"class":9767},[31,16337,89],{"class":88},[31,16339,260],{"class":259},[31,16341,13476],{"class":263},[31,16343,260],{"class":259},[31,16345,99],{"class":41},[31,16347,9780],{"class":9767},[31,16349,89],{"class":88},[31,16351,580],{"class":95},[31,16353,99],{"class":41},[31,16355,16356],{"class":9767}," active",[31,16358,89],{"class":88},[31,16360,4181],{"class":4432},[31,16362,120],{"class":41},[31,16364,16365,16367,16369,16371],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16366,134],{"class":133},[31,16368,137],{"class":41},[31,16370,14223],{"class":140},[31,16372,120],{"class":41},[14,16374,16375],{},[67,16376,358],{},[21,16378,16380],{"className":23,"code":16379,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[28,16381,16382],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16383,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16419,16421,16423,16425],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16385,9869],{"class":41},[31,16387,370],{"class":259},[31,16389,8256],{"class":263},[31,16391,370],{"class":259},[31,16393,48],{"class":41},[31,16395,379],{"class":259},[31,16397,13476],{"class":263},[31,16399,370],{"class":259},[31,16401,99],{"class":41},[31,16403,379],{"class":259},[31,16405,9890],{"class":263},[31,16407,370],{"class":259},[31,16409,48],{"class":41},[31,16411,102],{"class":95},[31,16413,99],{"class":41},[31,16415,379],{"class":259},[31,16417,16418],{"class":263},"active",[31,16420,370],{"class":259},[31,16422,48],{"class":41},[31,16424,4496],{"class":4432},[31,16426,9900],{"class":41},[14,16428,16429],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[613,16431,16433,16434],{"id":16432},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[28,16435,9711],{},[14,16437,16438],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[228,16440,16441,16444],{},[231,16442,16443],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[231,16445,16446],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16448,7274],{},[21,16450,16452],{"className":23,"code":16451,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[28,16453,16454,16484],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16455,16456,16458,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16457,12081],{"class":37},[31,16459,89],{"class":88},[31,16461,9762],{"class":1561},[31,16463,137],{"class":41},[31,16465,8256],{"class":9767},[31,16467,89],{"class":88},[31,16469,260],{"class":259},[31,16471,8265],{"class":263},[31,16473,260],{"class":259},[31,16475,99],{"class":41},[31,16477,9780],{"class":9767},[31,16479,89],{"class":88},[31,16481,9785],{"class":95},[31,16483,120],{"class":41},[31,16485,16486,16488,16490,16492],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16487,134],{"class":133},[31,16489,137],{"class":41},[31,16491,12175],{"class":140},[31,16493,120],{"class":41},[14,16495,5210,16496,16498],{},[67,16497,5213],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[21,16500,16502],{"className":23,"code":16501,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[28,16503,16504],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16505,16506],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16507,16501],{"class":157},[14,16509,16510],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16512,16513],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[21,16515,16517],{"className":23,"code":16516,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[28,16518,16519,16527,16543,16547,16551],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16520,16521,16523,16525],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16522,12081],{"class":37},[31,16524,89],{"class":88},[31,16526,12086],{"class":41},[31,16528,16529,16531,16533,16535,16537,16539,16541],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16530,12091],{"class":259},[31,16532,11087],{"class":263},[31,16534,260],{"class":259},[31,16536,48],{"class":41},[31,16538,271],{"class":259},[31,16540,8265],{"class":263},[31,16542,3934],{"class":259},[31,16544,16545],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,16546,9900],{"class":41},[31,16548,16549],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,16550,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16552,16553,16555,16557,16559],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,16554,134],{"class":133},[31,16556,137],{"class":41},[31,16558,12175],{"class":140},[31,16560,120],{"class":41},[72,16562,10036],{"id":10035},[14,16564,16565,16567],{},[28,16566,9711],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16569,16570],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[21,16572,16574],{"className":23,"code":16573,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[28,16575,16576,16633,16637,16651,16655],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16577,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600,16602,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16629,16631],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16579,9807],{"class":37},[31,16581,89],{"class":88},[31,16583,9812],{"class":41},[31,16585,260],{"class":259},[31,16587,8256],{"class":263},[31,16589,260],{"class":259},[31,16591,99],{"class":41},[31,16593,271],{"class":259},[31,16595,13476],{"class":263},[31,16597,260],{"class":259},[31,16599,9825],{"class":41},[31,16601,92],{"class":41},[31,16603,260],{"class":259},[31,16605,9890],{"class":263},[31,16607,260],{"class":259},[31,16609,99],{"class":41},[31,16611,102],{"class":95},[31,16613,9825],{"class":41},[31,16615,92],{"class":41},[31,16617,260],{"class":259},[31,16619,11000],{"class":263},[31,16621,260],{"class":259},[31,16623,99],{"class":41},[31,16625,271],{"class":259},[31,16627,16628],{"class":263},"Lima",[31,16630,260],{"class":259},[31,16632,9840],{"class":41},[31,16634,16635],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16636,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16638,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,16640,13459],{"class":37},[31,16642,89],{"class":88},[31,16644,9762],{"class":1561},[31,16646,137],{"class":41},[31,16648,9853],{"class":140},[31,16650,120],{"class":41},[31,16652,16653],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,16654,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16656,16657,16659,16661,16663],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,16658,134],{"class":133},[31,16660,137],{"class":41},[31,16662,14223],{"class":140},[31,16664,120],{"class":41},[14,16666,16667],{},[67,16668,358],{},[21,16670,16672],{"className":23,"code":16671,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[28,16673,16674],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16675,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16677,9869],{"class":41},[31,16679,370],{"class":259},[31,16681,8256],{"class":263},[31,16683,370],{"class":259},[31,16685,48],{"class":41},[31,16687,379],{"class":259},[31,16689,13476],{"class":263},[31,16691,370],{"class":259},[31,16693,99],{"class":41},[31,16695,379],{"class":259},[31,16697,9890],{"class":263},[31,16699,370],{"class":259},[31,16701,48],{"class":41},[31,16703,102],{"class":95},[31,16705,99],{"class":41},[31,16707,379],{"class":259},[31,16709,11000],{"class":263},[31,16711,370],{"class":259},[31,16713,48],{"class":41},[31,16715,379],{"class":259},[31,16717,16628],{"class":263},[31,16719,370],{"class":259},[31,16721,9900],{"class":41},[14,16723,16724],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[21,16726,16728],{"className":23,"code":16727,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[28,16729,16730,16771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16731,16732,16734,16736,16738,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16733,13459],{"class":37},[31,16735,89],{"class":88},[31,16737,9762],{"class":1561},[31,16739,16740],{"class":41},"(((",[31,16742,260],{"class":259},[31,16744,8256],{"class":263},[31,16746,260],{"class":259},[31,16748,99],{"class":41},[31,16750,271],{"class":259},[31,16752,13476],{"class":263},[31,16754,260],{"class":259},[31,16756,9825],{"class":41},[31,16758,92],{"class":41},[31,16760,260],{"class":259},[31,16762,9890],{"class":263},[31,16764,260],{"class":259},[31,16766,99],{"class":41},[31,16768,102],{"class":95},[31,16770,3490],{"class":41},[31,16772,16773,16775,16777,16779],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16774,134],{"class":133},[31,16776,137],{"class":41},[31,16778,14223],{"class":140},[31,16780,120],{"class":41},[14,16782,16783],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[72,16785,16787],{"id":16786},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16789,16790],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[228,16792,16793,16796,16799,16802],{},[231,16794,16795],{},"Keys must be unique",[231,16797,16798],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[231,16800,16801],{},"Values can repeat",[231,16803,16804],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[613,16806,16808],{"id":16807},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[21,16810,16812],{"className":23,"code":16811,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[28,16813,16814,16822,16840,16857,16861,16865],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16815,16816,16818,16820],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16817,9757],{"class":37},[31,16819,89],{"class":88},[31,16821,12086],{"class":41},[31,16823,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16825,12091],{"class":259},[31,16827,8256],{"class":263},[31,16829,260],{"class":259},[31,16831,48],{"class":41},[31,16833,271],{"class":259},[31,16835,13476],{"class":263},[31,16837,260],{"class":259},[31,16839,12107],{"class":41},[31,16841,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852,16855],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,16843,12091],{"class":259},[31,16845,8256],{"class":263},[31,16847,260],{"class":259},[31,16849,48],{"class":41},[31,16851,271],{"class":259},[31,16853,16854],{"class":263},"Maria",[31,16856,3934],{"class":259},[31,16858,16859],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,16860,9900],{"class":41},[31,16862,16863],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,16864,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16866,16867,16869,16871,16873],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,16868,134],{"class":133},[31,16870,137],{"class":41},[31,16872,9796],{"class":140},[31,16874,120],{"class":41},[14,16876,16877],{},[67,16878,358],{},[21,16880,16882],{"className":23,"code":16881,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[28,16883,16884],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16885,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16887,9869],{"class":41},[31,16889,370],{"class":259},[31,16891,8256],{"class":263},[31,16893,370],{"class":259},[31,16895,48],{"class":41},[31,16897,379],{"class":259},[31,16899,16854],{"class":263},[31,16901,370],{"class":259},[31,16903,9900],{"class":41},[14,16905,16906],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[613,16908,16910],{"id":16909},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[21,16912,16914],{"className":23,"code":16913,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[28,16915,16916,16924,16940,16956,16970,16974,16978],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,16917,16918,16920,16922],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,16919,5647],{"class":37},[31,16921,89],{"class":88},[31,16923,12086],{"class":41},[31,16925,16926,16929,16931,16933,16936,16938],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,16927,16928],{"class":95},"    1",[31,16930,48],{"class":41},[31,16932,271],{"class":259},[31,16934,16935],{"class":263},"low",[31,16937,260],{"class":259},[31,16939,12107],{"class":41},[31,16941,16942,16945,16947,16949,16952,16954],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,16943,16944],{"class":95},"    2",[31,16946,48],{"class":41},[31,16948,271],{"class":259},[31,16950,16951],{"class":263},"medium",[31,16953,260],{"class":259},[31,16955,12107],{"class":41},[31,16957,16958,16961,16963,16965,16968],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,16959,16960],{"class":95},"    3",[31,16962,48],{"class":41},[31,16964,271],{"class":259},[31,16966,16967],{"class":263},"high",[31,16969,3934],{"class":259},[31,16971,16972],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,16973,9900],{"class":41},[31,16975,16976],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,16977,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,16979,16980,16982,16984,16987],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,16981,134],{"class":133},[31,16983,137],{"class":41},[31,16985,16986],{"class":140},"scores",[31,16988,120],{"class":41},[613,16990,16992],{"id":16991},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16994,16995],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16997,16998],{},"This will cause an error:",[21,17000,17002],{"className":23,"code":17001,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[28,17003,17004,17009,17014],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17005,17006],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17007,17008],{"class":157},"# bad = {\n",[31,17010,17011],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17012,17013],{"class":157},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[31,17015,17016],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,17017,17018],{"class":157},"# }\n",[14,17020,17021],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[21,17023,17025],{"className":23,"code":17024,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[28,17026,17027,17036,17056,17060,17064],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17028,17029,17032,17034],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17030,17031],{"class":37},"good ",[31,17033,89],{"class":88},[31,17035,12086],{"class":41},[31,17037,17038,17041,17043,17045,17047,17050,17052,17054],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17039,17040],{"class":41},"    (",[31,17042,146],{"class":95},[31,17044,99],{"class":41},[31,17046,3571],{"class":95},[31,17048,17049],{"class":41},"):",[31,17051,271],{"class":259},[31,17053,141],{"class":263},[31,17055,3934],{"class":259},[31,17057,17058],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,17059,9900],{"class":41},[31,17061,17062],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,17063,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,17065,17066,17068,17070,17073],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,17067,134],{"class":133},[31,17069,137],{"class":41},[31,17071,17072],{"class":140},"good",[31,17074,120],{"class":41},[72,17076,17078],{"id":17077},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,17080,17081],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,17083,17084],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[228,17086,17087,17090,17092,17095],{},[231,17088,17089],{},"user data",[231,17091,14482],{},[231,17093,17094],{},"counters",[231,17096,17097],{},"lookups",[14,17099,242],{},[21,17101,17103],{"className":23,"code":17102,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[28,17104,17105,17113,17132,17151,17163,17167,17171],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17106,17107,17109,17111],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17108,12081],{"class":37},[31,17110,89],{"class":88},[31,17112,12086],{"class":41},[31,17114,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125,17128,17130],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17116,12091],{"class":259},[31,17118,8573],{"class":263},[31,17120,260],{"class":259},[31,17122,48],{"class":41},[31,17124,271],{"class":259},[31,17126,17127],{"class":263},"ana123",[31,17129,260],{"class":259},[31,17131,12107],{"class":41},[31,17133,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17147,17149],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,17135,12091],{"class":259},[31,17137,15856],{"class":263},[31,17139,260],{"class":259},[31,17141,48],{"class":41},[31,17143,271],{"class":259},[31,17145,17146],{"class":263},"ana@example.com",[31,17148,260],{"class":259},[31,17150,12107],{"class":41},[31,17152,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,17154,12091],{"class":259},[31,17156,13109],{"class":263},[31,17158,260],{"class":259},[31,17160,48],{"class":41},[31,17162,7008],{"class":4432},[31,17164,17165],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,17166,9900],{"class":41},[31,17168,17169],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,17170,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,17172,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,17174,134],{"class":133},[31,17176,137],{"class":41},[31,17178,12175],{"class":140},[31,17180,42],{"class":41},[31,17182,260],{"class":259},[31,17184,15856],{"class":263},[31,17186,260],{"class":259},[31,17188,566],{"class":41},[14,17190,17191,17192,70],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[264,17193,17195],{"href":17194},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,17197,17198],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[228,17200,17201,17204,17207],{},[231,17202,17203],{},"labels are not needed",[231,17205,17206],{},"you mostly care about position",[231,17208,17209],{},"order matters more than named fields",[72,17211,3407],{"id":3406},[14,17213,17214],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[228,17216,17217,17220,17223,17226,17229],{},[231,17218,17219],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[231,17221,17222],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[231,17224,17225],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[231,17227,17228],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[231,17230,17231,17232,17234],{},"Mixing up ",[28,17233,4371],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[613,17236,17238],{"id":17237},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,17240,17241],{},"Wrong:",[21,17243,17245],{"className":23,"code":17244,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[28,17246,17247],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17248,17249],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17250,17244],{"class":157},[14,17252,17253],{},"Correct:",[21,17255,17257],{"className":23,"code":17256,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[28,17258,17259,17283],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17260,17261,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17262,13459],{"class":37},[31,17264,89],{"class":88},[31,17266,11082],{"class":41},[31,17268,260],{"class":259},[31,17270,8256],{"class":263},[31,17272,260],{"class":259},[31,17274,48],{"class":41},[31,17276,271],{"class":259},[31,17278,13476],{"class":263},[31,17280,260],{"class":259},[31,17282,9900],{"class":41},[31,17284,17285,17287,17289,17291],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17286,134],{"class":133},[31,17288,137],{"class":41},[31,17290,14223],{"class":140},[31,17292,120],{"class":41},[613,17294,17296],{"id":17295},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,17298,17241],{},[21,17300,17302],{"className":23,"code":17301,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[28,17303,17304],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17305,17306],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17307,17301],{"class":157},[14,17309,17310,17311,17313,17314,17316],{},"This only works if ",[28,17312,8256],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[28,17315,15837],{},", use quotes.",[14,17318,17253],{},[21,17320,17321],{"className":23,"code":17256,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,17322,17323,17347],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17324,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17326,13459],{"class":37},[31,17328,89],{"class":88},[31,17330,11082],{"class":41},[31,17332,260],{"class":259},[31,17334,8256],{"class":263},[31,17336,260],{"class":259},[31,17338,48],{"class":41},[31,17340,271],{"class":259},[31,17342,13476],{"class":263},[31,17344,260],{"class":259},[31,17346,9900],{"class":41},[31,17348,17349,17351,17353,17355],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17350,134],{"class":133},[31,17352,137],{"class":41},[31,17354,14223],{"class":140},[31,17356,120],{"class":41},[613,17358,17360],{"id":17359},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[21,17362,17364],{"className":23,"code":17363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[28,17365,17366,17398],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17367,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17369,9757],{"class":37},[31,17371,89],{"class":88},[31,17373,11082],{"class":41},[31,17375,260],{"class":259},[31,17377,9890],{"class":263},[31,17379,260],{"class":259},[31,17381,48],{"class":41},[31,17383,102],{"class":95},[31,17385,99],{"class":41},[31,17387,271],{"class":259},[31,17389,9890],{"class":263},[31,17391,260],{"class":259},[31,17393,48],{"class":41},[31,17395,107],{"class":95},[31,17397,9900],{"class":41},[31,17399,17400,17402,17404,17406],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17401,134],{"class":133},[31,17403,137],{"class":41},[31,17405,9796],{"class":140},[31,17407,120],{"class":41},[14,17409,17410],{},[67,17411,358],{},[21,17413,17415],{"className":23,"code":17414,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'age': 30}\n",[28,17416,17417],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17418,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17420,9869],{"class":41},[31,17422,370],{"class":259},[31,17424,9890],{"class":263},[31,17426,370],{"class":259},[31,17428,48],{"class":41},[31,17430,107],{"class":95},[31,17432,9900],{"class":41},[72,17434,17436],{"id":17435},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17438,17439],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[21,17441,17443],{"className":23,"code":17442,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[28,17444,17445,17481,17485,17495,17509,17524,17538],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17446,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17448,12318],{"class":37},[31,17450,89],{"class":88},[31,17452,11082],{"class":41},[31,17454,260],{"class":259},[31,17456,8256],{"class":263},[31,17458,260],{"class":259},[31,17460,48],{"class":41},[31,17462,271],{"class":259},[31,17464,13476],{"class":263},[31,17466,260],{"class":259},[31,17468,99],{"class":41},[31,17470,271],{"class":259},[31,17472,9890],{"class":263},[31,17474,260],{"class":259},[31,17476,48],{"class":41},[31,17478,102],{"class":95},[31,17480,9900],{"class":41},[31,17482,17483],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17484,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,17486,17487,17489,17491,17493],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,17488,134],{"class":133},[31,17490,137],{"class":41},[31,17492,12042],{"class":140},[31,17494,120],{"class":41},[31,17496,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,17498,134],{"class":133},[31,17500,137],{"class":41},[31,17502,1562],{"class":1561},[31,17504,137],{"class":41},[31,17506,12042],{"class":140},[31,17508,1569],{"class":41},[31,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17522],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,17512,134],{"class":133},[31,17514,137],{"class":41},[31,17516,12042],{"class":140},[31,17518,70],{"class":41},[31,17520,17521],{"class":140},"keys",[31,17523,7781],{"class":41},[31,17525,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,17527,134],{"class":133},[31,17529,137],{"class":41},[31,17531,12042],{"class":140},[31,17533,70],{"class":41},[31,17535,5942],{"class":140},[31,17537,7781],{"class":41},[31,17539,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,17541,134],{"class":133},[31,17543,137],{"class":41},[31,17545,2408],{"class":133},[31,17547,137],{"class":41},[31,17549,12042],{"class":140},[31,17551,1569],{"class":41},[14,17553,17554],{},[67,17555,17556],{},"Example output:",[21,17558,17560],{"className":23,"code":17559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[28,17561,17562,17594,17608,17631,17650],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17563,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17565,9869],{"class":41},[31,17567,370],{"class":259},[31,17569,8256],{"class":263},[31,17571,370],{"class":259},[31,17573,48],{"class":41},[31,17575,379],{"class":259},[31,17577,13476],{"class":263},[31,17579,370],{"class":259},[31,17581,99],{"class":41},[31,17583,379],{"class":259},[31,17585,9890],{"class":263},[31,17587,370],{"class":259},[31,17589,48],{"class":41},[31,17591,102],{"class":95},[31,17593,9900],{"class":41},[31,17595,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17597,1593],{"class":88},[31,17599,1597],{"class":1596},[31,17601,379],{"class":259},[31,17603,9412],{"class":263},[31,17605,370],{"class":259},[31,17607,1606],{"class":88},[31,17609,17610,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,17611,17612],{"class":140},"dict_keys",[31,17614,3564],{"class":41},[31,17616,370],{"class":259},[31,17618,8256],{"class":263},[31,17620,370],{"class":259},[31,17622,99],{"class":41},[31,17624,379],{"class":259},[31,17626,9890],{"class":263},[31,17628,370],{"class":259},[31,17630,566],{"class":41},[31,17632,17633,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,17634,17635],{"class":140},"dict_values",[31,17637,3564],{"class":41},[31,17639,370],{"class":259},[31,17641,13476],{"class":263},[31,17643,370],{"class":259},[31,17645,99],{"class":41},[31,17647,102],{"class":95},[31,17649,566],{"class":41},[31,17651,17652],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,17653,17654],{"class":95},"2\n",[14,17656,17657,17658,2766,17664,17670,17671,70],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[264,17659,11329,17661],{"href":17660},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[28,17662,17663],{},"keys()",[264,17665,11329,17667],{"href":17666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[28,17668,17669],{},"values()",", and ",[264,17672,11329,17674],{"href":17673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[28,17675,17676],{},"items()",[72,17678,2435],{"id":2434},[613,17680,17682],{"id":17681},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17684,2668,17685,3456,17687,17689],{},[28,17686,4371],{},[28,17688,9711],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[613,17691,17693],{"id":17692},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17695,17696,17697,70],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[28,17698,17699],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[613,17701,17703],{"id":17702},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17705,17706],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[613,17708,17710],{"id":17709},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17712,17713],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[613,17715,5762,17717,4975,17719,2466],{"id":17716},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[28,17718,4371],{},[28,17720,9711],{},[14,17722,17723,17725,17726,17728],{},[28,17724,4371],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[28,17727,9711],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[72,17730,2475],{"id":2474},[228,17732,17733,17737,17743,17747,17753],{},[231,17734,17735],{},[264,17736,9747],{"href":9746},[231,17738,17739],{},[264,17740,11329,17741,11333],{"href":11328},[28,17742,11332],{},[231,17744,17745],{},[264,17746,11843],{"href":11323},[231,17748,17749],{},[264,17750,17752],{"href":17751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[231,17754,17755],{},[264,17756,11854],{"href":11667},[14,17758,17759],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2499,17761,17762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":17764},[17765,17766,17767,17768,17771,17774,17779,17780,17785,17786,17791,17792,17800],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":15777,"depth":123,"text":15766},{"id":15862,"depth":123,"text":15863,"children":17769},[17770],{"id":16014,"depth":130,"text":16015},{"id":9993,"depth":123,"text":9994,"children":17772},[17773],{"id":16193,"depth":130,"text":16194},{"id":16306,"depth":123,"text":17775,"children":17776},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17777],{"id":16432,"depth":130,"text":17778},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10035,"depth":123,"text":10036},{"id":16786,"depth":123,"text":16787,"children":17781},[17782,17783,17784],{"id":16807,"depth":130,"text":16808},{"id":16909,"depth":130,"text":16910},{"id":16991,"depth":130,"text":16992},{"id":17077,"depth":123,"text":17078},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":17787},[17788,17789,17790],{"id":17237,"depth":130,"text":17238},{"id":17295,"depth":130,"text":17296},{"id":17359,"depth":130,"text":17360},{"id":17435,"depth":123,"text":17436},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":17793},[17794,17795,17796,17797,17798],{"id":17681,"depth":130,"text":17682},{"id":17692,"depth":130,"text":17693},{"id":17702,"depth":130,"text":17703},{"id":17709,"depth":130,"text":17710},{"id":17716,"depth":130,"text":17799},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15603,"description":17801},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17807,"title":17808,"body":17809,"description":20259,"extension":2542,"meta":20260,"navigation":126,"path":20261,"seo":20262,"stem":20263,"__hash__":20264},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17810,"toc":20215},[17811,17817,17823,17826,17829,17831,17913,17919,17924,17928,17946,17958,17963,17967,17990,17994,18006,18014,18018,18024,18026,18029,18104,18106,18151,18153,18170,18175,18181,18186,18260,18262,18307,18310,18321,18323,18442,18444,18497,18504,18508,18511,18528,18534,18538,18636,18638,18690,18697,18701,18707,18710,18713,18740,18745,18749,18752,18856,18858,18903,18906,18909,18914,18919,18930,18932,18993,19053,19059,19067,19073,19078,19083,19143,19147,19214,19217,19221,19292,19295,19308,19315,19317,19321,19325,19395,19397,19434,19437,19440,19503,19510,19513,19555,19565,19568,19637,19643,19648,19732,19734,19783,19790,19796,19841,19843,19876,19881,19885,19891,19930,19974,20042,20085,20087,20093,20096,20100,20105,20109,20112,20116,20118,20179,20181,20207,20212],[10,17812,11910,17814,11914],{"id":17813},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[28,17815,17816],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17818,17819,17822],{},[28,17820,17821],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17824,17825],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17827,17828],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[72,17830,75],{"id":74},[21,17832,17834],{"className":23,"code":17833,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[28,17835,17836,17869,17897,17908],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17837,17838,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17839,17840],{"class":37},"keys ",[31,17842,89],{"class":88},[31,17844,4200],{"class":41},[31,17846,260],{"class":259},[31,17848,8256],{"class":263},[31,17850,260],{"class":259},[31,17852,99],{"class":41},[31,17854,271],{"class":259},[31,17856,9890],{"class":263},[31,17858,260],{"class":259},[31,17860,99],{"class":41},[31,17862,271],{"class":259},[31,17864,11000],{"class":263},[31,17866,260],{"class":259},[31,17868,59],{"class":41},[31,17870,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17893,17895],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,17872,13801],{"class":37},[31,17874,89],{"class":88},[31,17876,9762],{"class":1561},[31,17878,70],{"class":41},[31,17880,17881],{"class":140},"fromkeys",[31,17883,137],{"class":41},[31,17885,17521],{"class":140},[31,17887,99],{"class":41},[31,17889,271],{"class":259},[31,17891,17892],{"class":263},"unknown",[31,17894,260],{"class":259},[31,17896,120],{"class":41},[31,17898,17899,17901,17903,17906],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,17900,134],{"class":133},[31,17902,137],{"class":41},[31,17904,17905],{"class":140},"person",[31,17907,120],{"class":41},[31,17909,17910],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,17911,17912],{"class":157},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17914,2668,17915,17918],{},[28,17916,17917],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[72,17920,4255,17922,4258],{"id":17921},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[28,17923,17821],{},[14,17925,17926,48],{},[28,17927,17821],{},[228,17929,17930,17933,17936,17939],{},[231,17931,17932],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[231,17934,17935],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[231,17937,17938],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[231,17940,17941,17942,17945],{},"Is called as ",[28,17943,17944],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17947,17948,17949,17951,17952,17954,17955,70],{},"This is a class method on ",[28,17950,9412],{},", so you write ",[28,17953,17944],{}," instead of something like ",[28,17956,17957],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17959,17960,17961,70],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[264,17962,9747],{"href":13619},[72,17964,17966],{"id":17965},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[21,17968,17970],{"className":23,"code":17969,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[28,17971,17972],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,17973,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,17975,9412],{"class":1561},[31,17977,70],{"class":41},[31,17979,17881],{"class":140},[31,17981,137],{"class":41},[31,17983,4299],{"class":140},[31,17985,99],{"class":41},[31,17987,9023],{"class":140},[31,17989,120],{"class":41},[613,17991,17993],{"id":17992},"parameters","Parameters",[228,17995,17996,18001],{},[231,17997,17998,18000],{},[28,17999,4299],{},": the keys to use",[231,18002,18003,18005],{},[28,18004,3049],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,18007,18008,18009,18011,18012,70],{},"If you leave out ",[28,18010,3049],{},", each key gets ",[28,18013,4357],{},[613,18015,18017],{"id":18016},"return-value","Return value",[14,18019,18020,18021,70],{},"It returns a ",[67,18022,18023],{},"new dictionary",[72,18025,6372],{"id":6371},[14,18027,18028],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[21,18030,18032],{"className":23,"code":18031,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[28,18033,18034,18067,18089,18093],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18035,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18037,17840],{"class":37},[31,18039,89],{"class":88},[31,18041,4200],{"class":41},[31,18043,260],{"class":259},[31,18045,13689],{"class":263},[31,18047,260],{"class":259},[31,18049,99],{"class":41},[31,18051,271],{"class":259},[31,18053,18054],{"class":263},"green",[31,18056,260],{"class":259},[31,18058,99],{"class":41},[31,18060,271],{"class":259},[31,18062,13706],{"class":263},[31,18064,260],{"class":259},[31,18066,59],{"class":41},[31,18068,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,18070,13672],{"class":37},[31,18072,89],{"class":88},[31,18074,9762],{"class":1561},[31,18076,70],{"class":41},[31,18078,17881],{"class":140},[31,18080,137],{"class":41},[31,18082,17521],{"class":140},[31,18084,99],{"class":41},[31,18086,4413],{"class":95},[31,18088,120],{"class":41},[31,18090,18091],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,18092,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18094,18095,18097,18099,18102],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,18096,134],{"class":133},[31,18098,137],{"class":41},[31,18100,18101],{"class":140},"colors",[31,18103,120],{"class":41},[14,18105,358],{},[21,18107,18109],{"className":23,"code":18108,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[28,18110,18111],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18114,9869],{"class":41},[31,18116,370],{"class":259},[31,18118,13689],{"class":263},[31,18120,370],{"class":259},[31,18122,48],{"class":41},[31,18124,4413],{"class":95},[31,18126,99],{"class":41},[31,18128,379],{"class":259},[31,18130,18054],{"class":263},[31,18132,370],{"class":259},[31,18134,48],{"class":41},[31,18136,4413],{"class":95},[31,18138,99],{"class":41},[31,18140,379],{"class":259},[31,18142,13706],{"class":263},[31,18144,370],{"class":259},[31,18146,48],{"class":41},[31,18148,4413],{"class":95},[31,18150,9900],{"class":41},[14,18152,12277],{},[228,18154,18155,18160,18165],{},[231,18156,18157,18159],{},[28,18158,17521],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[231,18161,18162,18164],{},[28,18163,1243],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[231,18166,18167,18169],{},[28,18168,17821],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,18171,18172,18173,70],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[264,18174,9983],{"href":13622},[72,18176,9007,18178,18180],{"id":18177},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[28,18179,17816],{}," without a value",[14,18182,18183,18184,70],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[28,18185,4357],{},[21,18187,18189],{"className":23,"code":18188,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[28,18190,18191,18225,18245,18249],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18192,18193,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18221,18223],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18194,18195],{"class":37},"fields ",[31,18197,89],{"class":88},[31,18199,4200],{"class":41},[31,18201,260],{"class":259},[31,18203,8573],{"class":263},[31,18205,260],{"class":259},[31,18207,99],{"class":41},[31,18209,271],{"class":259},[31,18211,15856],{"class":263},[31,18213,260],{"class":259},[31,18215,99],{"class":41},[31,18217,271],{"class":259},[31,18219,18220],{"class":263},"password",[31,18222,260],{"class":259},[31,18224,59],{"class":41},[31,18226,18227,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18243],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,18228,18229],{"class":37},"user_data ",[31,18231,89],{"class":88},[31,18233,9762],{"class":1561},[31,18235,70],{"class":41},[31,18237,17881],{"class":140},[31,18239,137],{"class":41},[31,18241,18242],{"class":140},"fields",[31,18244,120],{"class":41},[31,18246,18247],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,18248,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18250,18251,18253,18255,18258],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,18252,134],{"class":133},[31,18254,137],{"class":41},[31,18256,18257],{"class":140},"user_data",[31,18259,120],{"class":41},[14,18261,358],{},[21,18263,18265],{"className":23,"code":18264,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[28,18266,18267],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18268,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18270,9869],{"class":41},[31,18272,370],{"class":259},[31,18274,8573],{"class":263},[31,18276,370],{"class":259},[31,18278,48],{"class":41},[31,18280,4433],{"class":4432},[31,18282,99],{"class":41},[31,18284,379],{"class":259},[31,18286,15856],{"class":263},[31,18288,370],{"class":259},[31,18290,48],{"class":41},[31,18292,4433],{"class":4432},[31,18294,99],{"class":41},[31,18296,379],{"class":259},[31,18298,18220],{"class":263},[31,18300,370],{"class":259},[31,18302,48],{"class":41},[31,18304,4433],{"class":4432},[31,18306,9900],{"class":41},[14,18308,18309],{},"This is useful when:",[228,18311,18312,18315,18318],{},[231,18313,18314],{},"You want to create the keys first",[231,18316,18317],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[231,18319,18320],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,18322,242],{},[21,18324,18326],{"className":23,"code":18325,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[28,18327,18328,18360,18378,18382,18405,18428,18432],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18329,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18331,18195],{"class":37},[31,18333,89],{"class":88},[31,18335,4200],{"class":41},[31,18337,260],{"class":259},[31,18339,8573],{"class":263},[31,18341,260],{"class":259},[31,18343,99],{"class":41},[31,18345,271],{"class":259},[31,18347,15856],{"class":263},[31,18349,260],{"class":259},[31,18351,99],{"class":41},[31,18353,271],{"class":259},[31,18355,18220],{"class":263},[31,18357,260],{"class":259},[31,18359,59],{"class":41},[31,18361,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,18363,18229],{"class":37},[31,18365,89],{"class":88},[31,18367,9762],{"class":1561},[31,18369,70],{"class":41},[31,18371,17881],{"class":140},[31,18373,137],{"class":41},[31,18375,18242],{"class":140},[31,18377,120],{"class":41},[31,18379,18380],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,18381,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18383,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18403],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,18385,18257],{"class":37},[31,18387,42],{"class":41},[31,18389,260],{"class":259},[31,18391,8573],{"class":263},[31,18393,260],{"class":259},[31,18395,13870],{"class":41},[31,18397,13873],{"class":88},[31,18399,271],{"class":259},[31,18401,18402],{"class":263},"alice",[31,18404,3934],{"class":259},[31,18406,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18426],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,18408,18257],{"class":37},[31,18410,42],{"class":41},[31,18412,260],{"class":259},[31,18414,15856],{"class":263},[31,18416,260],{"class":259},[31,18418,13870],{"class":41},[31,18420,13873],{"class":88},[31,18422,271],{"class":259},[31,18424,18425],{"class":263},"alice@example.com",[31,18427,3934],{"class":259},[31,18429,18430],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,18431,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18433,18434,18436,18438,18440],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,18435,134],{"class":133},[31,18437,137],{"class":41},[31,18439,18257],{"class":140},[31,18441,120],{"class":41},[14,18443,358],{},[21,18445,18447],{"className":23,"code":18446,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[28,18448,18449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18450,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18452,9869],{"class":41},[31,18454,370],{"class":259},[31,18456,8573],{"class":263},[31,18458,370],{"class":259},[31,18460,48],{"class":41},[31,18462,379],{"class":259},[31,18464,18402],{"class":263},[31,18466,370],{"class":259},[31,18468,99],{"class":41},[31,18470,379],{"class":259},[31,18472,15856],{"class":263},[31,18474,370],{"class":259},[31,18476,48],{"class":41},[31,18478,379],{"class":259},[31,18480,18425],{"class":263},[31,18482,370],{"class":259},[31,18484,99],{"class":41},[31,18486,379],{"class":259},[31,18488,18220],{"class":263},[31,18490,370],{"class":259},[31,18492,48],{"class":41},[31,18494,4433],{"class":4432},[31,18496,9900],{"class":41},[14,18498,18499,18500,70],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[264,18501,18503],{"href":18502},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[72,18505,18507],{"id":18506},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18509,18510],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[228,18512,18513,18518,18523],{},[231,18514,18515,18517],{},[28,18516,4366],{}," (list)",[231,18519,18520,18522],{},[28,18521,4371],{}," (dictionary)",[231,18524,18525,18527],{},[28,18526,4376],{}," (set)",[14,18529,18530,18531,70],{},"All keys will point to the ",[67,18532,18533],{},"same object",[613,18535,18537],{"id":18536},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[21,18539,18541],{"className":23,"code":18540,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[28,18542,18543,18575,18596,18600,18622,18626],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18544,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18546,17840],{"class":37},[31,18548,89],{"class":88},[31,18550,4200],{"class":41},[31,18552,260],{"class":259},[31,18554,264],{"class":263},[31,18556,260],{"class":259},[31,18558,99],{"class":41},[31,18560,271],{"class":259},[31,18562,274],{"class":263},[31,18564,260],{"class":259},[31,18566,99],{"class":41},[31,18568,271],{"class":259},[31,18570,283],{"class":263},[31,18572,260],{"class":259},[31,18574,59],{"class":41},[31,18576,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,18578,9757],{"class":37},[31,18580,89],{"class":88},[31,18582,9762],{"class":1561},[31,18584,70],{"class":41},[31,18586,17881],{"class":140},[31,18588,137],{"class":41},[31,18590,17521],{"class":140},[31,18592,99],{"class":41},[31,18594,18595],{"class":41}," [])\n",[31,18597,18598],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,18599,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18601,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,18603,9796],{"class":37},[31,18605,42],{"class":41},[31,18607,260],{"class":259},[31,18609,264],{"class":263},[31,18611,260],{"class":259},[31,18613,14147],{"class":41},[31,18615,14150],{"class":140},[31,18617,137],{"class":41},[31,18619,146],{"class":95},[31,18621,120],{"class":41},[31,18623,18624],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,18625,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18627,18628,18630,18632,18634],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,18629,134],{"class":133},[31,18631,137],{"class":41},[31,18633,9796],{"class":140},[31,18635,120],{"class":41},[14,18637,358],{},[21,18639,18641],{"className":23,"code":18640,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[28,18642,18643],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18644,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18646,9869],{"class":41},[31,18648,370],{"class":259},[31,18650,264],{"class":263},[31,18652,370],{"class":259},[31,18654,48],{"class":41},[31,18656,4200],{"class":41},[31,18658,146],{"class":95},[31,18660,18661],{"class":41},"],",[31,18663,379],{"class":259},[31,18665,274],{"class":263},[31,18667,370],{"class":259},[31,18669,48],{"class":41},[31,18671,4200],{"class":41},[31,18673,146],{"class":95},[31,18675,18661],{"class":41},[31,18677,379],{"class":259},[31,18679,283],{"class":263},[31,18681,370],{"class":259},[31,18683,48],{"class":41},[31,18685,4200],{"class":41},[31,18687,146],{"class":95},[31,18689,14303],{"class":41},[14,18691,18692,18693,18696],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[28,18694,18695],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[613,18698,18700],{"id":18699},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18702,18703,18706],{},[28,18704,18705],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18708,18709],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18711,18712],{},"So this:",[21,18714,18716],{"className":23,"code":18715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[28,18717,18718],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18719,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18721,9796],{"class":37},[31,18723,42],{"class":41},[31,18725,260],{"class":259},[31,18727,264],{"class":263},[31,18729,260],{"class":259},[31,18731,14147],{"class":41},[31,18733,14150],{"class":140},[31,18735,137],{"class":41},[31,18737,146],{"class":95},[31,18739,120],{"class":41},[14,18741,18742,18743,70],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[28,18744,18695],{},[613,18746,18748],{"id":18747},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18750,18751],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[21,18753,18755],{"className":23,"code":18754,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[28,18756,18757,18789,18816,18820,18842,18846],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18758,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18760,17840],{"class":37},[31,18762,89],{"class":88},[31,18764,4200],{"class":41},[31,18766,260],{"class":259},[31,18768,264],{"class":263},[31,18770,260],{"class":259},[31,18772,99],{"class":41},[31,18774,271],{"class":259},[31,18776,274],{"class":263},[31,18778,260],{"class":259},[31,18780,99],{"class":41},[31,18782,271],{"class":259},[31,18784,283],{"class":263},[31,18786,260],{"class":259},[31,18788,59],{"class":41},[31,18790,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18804,18806,18809,18811,18814],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,18792,9757],{"class":37},[31,18794,89],{"class":88},[31,18796,11082],{"class":41},[31,18798,15439],{"class":37},[31,18800,48],{"class":41},[31,18802,18803],{"class":41}," []",[31,18805,4458],{"class":4457},[31,18807,18808],{"class":37}," key ",[31,18810,4464],{"class":4457},[31,18812,18813],{"class":37}," keys",[31,18815,9900],{"class":41},[31,18817,18818],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,18819,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18821,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,18823,9796],{"class":37},[31,18825,42],{"class":41},[31,18827,260],{"class":259},[31,18829,264],{"class":263},[31,18831,260],{"class":259},[31,18833,14147],{"class":41},[31,18835,14150],{"class":140},[31,18837,137],{"class":41},[31,18839,146],{"class":95},[31,18841,120],{"class":41},[31,18843,18844],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,18845,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,18847,18848,18850,18852,18854],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,18849,134],{"class":133},[31,18851,137],{"class":41},[31,18853,9796],{"class":140},[31,18855,120],{"class":41},[14,18857,358],{},[21,18859,18861],{"className":23,"code":18860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[28,18862,18863],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18864,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18866,9869],{"class":41},[31,18868,370],{"class":259},[31,18870,264],{"class":263},[31,18872,370],{"class":259},[31,18874,48],{"class":41},[31,18876,4200],{"class":41},[31,18878,146],{"class":95},[31,18880,18661],{"class":41},[31,18882,379],{"class":259},[31,18884,274],{"class":263},[31,18886,370],{"class":259},[31,18888,48],{"class":41},[31,18890,18891],{"class":41}," [],",[31,18893,379],{"class":259},[31,18895,283],{"class":263},[31,18897,370],{"class":259},[31,18899,48],{"class":41},[31,18901,18902],{"class":41}," []}\n",[14,18904,18905],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18907,18908],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[72,18910,5544,18912],{"id":18911},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[28,18913,17816],{},[14,18915,18916,18918],{},[28,18917,17821],{}," is a good choice when:",[228,18920,18921,18924,18927],{},[231,18922,18923],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[231,18925,18926],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[231,18928,18929],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18931,2701],{},[21,18933,18935],{"className":23,"code":18934,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[28,18936,18937,18982],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18938,18939,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18974,18976,18978,18980],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,18940,18941],{"class":37},"flags ",[31,18943,89],{"class":88},[31,18945,9762],{"class":1561},[31,18947,70],{"class":41},[31,18949,17881],{"class":140},[31,18951,3564],{"class":41},[31,18953,260],{"class":259},[31,18955,18956],{"class":263},"is_admin",[31,18958,260],{"class":259},[31,18960,99],{"class":41},[31,18962,271],{"class":259},[31,18964,15677],{"class":263},[31,18966,260],{"class":259},[31,18968,99],{"class":41},[31,18970,271],{"class":259},[31,18972,18973],{"class":263},"is_verified",[31,18975,260],{"class":259},[31,18977,18661],{"class":41},[31,18979,4487],{"class":4432},[31,18981,120],{"class":41},[31,18983,18984,18986,18988,18991],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,18985,134],{"class":133},[31,18987,137],{"class":41},[31,18989,18990],{"class":140},"flags",[31,18992,120],{"class":41},[21,18994,18996],{"className":23,"code":18995,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[28,18997,18998,19043],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,18999,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19017,19019,19021,19023,19026,19028,19030,19032,19035,19037,19039,19041],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19001,5647],{"class":37},[31,19003,89],{"class":88},[31,19005,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19007,70],{"class":41},[31,19009,17881],{"class":140},[31,19011,3564],{"class":41},[31,19013,260],{"class":259},[31,19015,19016],{"class":263},"math",[31,19018,260],{"class":259},[31,19020,99],{"class":41},[31,19022,271],{"class":259},[31,19024,19025],{"class":263},"science",[31,19027,260],{"class":259},[31,19029,99],{"class":41},[31,19031,271],{"class":259},[31,19033,19034],{"class":263},"history",[31,19036,260],{"class":259},[31,19038,18661],{"class":41},[31,19040,4413],{"class":95},[31,19042,120],{"class":41},[31,19044,19045,19047,19049,19051],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19046,134],{"class":133},[31,19048,137],{"class":41},[31,19050,16986],{"class":140},[31,19052,120],{"class":41},[14,19054,19055,19056,19058],{},"It is ",[67,19057,5213],{}," the best choice when:",[228,19060,19061,19064],{},[231,19062,19063],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[231,19065,19066],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[72,19068,19070,19072],{"id":19069},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[28,19071,17816],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,19074,19075,19077],{},[28,19076,17816],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[613,19079,9007,19081],{"id":19080},"using-fromkeys",[28,19082,17816],{},[21,19084,19086],{"className":23,"code":19085,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[28,19087,19088,19133],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19089,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19107,19109,19111,19113,19116,19118,19120,19122,19125,19127,19129,19131],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19091,14423],{"class":37},[31,19093,89],{"class":88},[31,19095,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19097,70],{"class":41},[31,19099,17881],{"class":140},[31,19101,3564],{"class":41},[31,19103,260],{"class":259},[31,19105,19106],{"class":263},"sound",[31,19108,260],{"class":259},[31,19110,99],{"class":41},[31,19112,271],{"class":259},[31,19114,19115],{"class":263},"music",[31,19117,260],{"class":259},[31,19119,99],{"class":41},[31,19121,271],{"class":259},[31,19123,19124],{"class":263},"notifications",[31,19126,260],{"class":259},[31,19128,18661],{"class":41},[31,19130,4496],{"class":4432},[31,19132,120],{"class":41},[31,19134,19135,19137,19139,19141],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19136,134],{"class":133},[31,19138,137],{"class":41},[31,19140,14482],{"class":140},[31,19142,120],{"class":41},[613,19144,19146],{"id":19145},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[21,19148,19150],{"className":23,"code":19149,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[28,19151,19152,19160,19174,19188,19200,19204],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19153,19154,19156,19158],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19155,14423],{"class":37},[31,19157,89],{"class":88},[31,19159,12086],{"class":41},[31,19161,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19163,12091],{"class":259},[31,19165,19106],{"class":263},[31,19167,260],{"class":259},[31,19169,48],{"class":41},[31,19171,4496],{"class":4432},[31,19173,12107],{"class":41},[31,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,19177,12091],{"class":259},[31,19179,19115],{"class":263},[31,19181,260],{"class":259},[31,19183,48],{"class":41},[31,19185,4487],{"class":4432},[31,19187,12107],{"class":41},[31,19189,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,19191,12091],{"class":259},[31,19193,19124],{"class":263},[31,19195,260],{"class":259},[31,19197,48],{"class":41},[31,19199,7008],{"class":4432},[31,19201,19202],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,19203,9900],{"class":41},[31,19205,19206,19208,19210,19212],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,19207,134],{"class":133},[31,19209,137],{"class":41},[31,19211,14482],{"class":140},[31,19213,120],{"class":41},[14,19215,19216],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[613,19218,19220],{"id":19219},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[21,19222,19224],{"className":23,"code":19223,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[28,19225,19226,19258,19282],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19227,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19229,17840],{"class":37},[31,19231,89],{"class":88},[31,19233,4200],{"class":41},[31,19235,260],{"class":259},[31,19237,264],{"class":263},[31,19239,260],{"class":259},[31,19241,99],{"class":41},[31,19243,271],{"class":259},[31,19245,274],{"class":263},[31,19247,260],{"class":259},[31,19249,99],{"class":41},[31,19251,271],{"class":259},[31,19253,283],{"class":263},[31,19255,260],{"class":259},[31,19257,59],{"class":41},[31,19259,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19261,9757],{"class":37},[31,19263,89],{"class":88},[31,19265,11082],{"class":41},[31,19267,15439],{"class":37},[31,19269,48],{"class":41},[31,19271,18803],{"class":41},[31,19273,4458],{"class":4457},[31,19275,18808],{"class":37},[31,19277,4464],{"class":4457},[31,19279,18813],{"class":37},[31,19281,9900],{"class":41},[31,19283,19284,19286,19288,19290],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,19285,134],{"class":133},[31,19287,137],{"class":41},[31,19289,9796],{"class":140},[31,19291,120],{"class":41},[14,19293,19294],{},"Use:",[228,19296,19297,19302,19305],{},[231,19298,19299,19301],{},[28,19300,17816],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[231,19303,19304],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[231,19306,19307],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,19309,19310,19311,70],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[264,19312,11329,19313,11333],{"href":14630},[28,19314,15552],{},[72,19316,3407],{"id":3406},[14,19318,15331,19319,70],{},[28,19320,17821],{},[613,19322,19324],{"id":19323},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[21,19326,19328],{"className":23,"code":19327,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[28,19329,19330,19363,19385],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19331,19332,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19333,19334],{"class":37},"d ",[31,19336,89],{"class":88},[31,19338,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19340,70],{"class":41},[31,19342,17881],{"class":140},[31,19344,3564],{"class":41},[31,19346,260],{"class":259},[31,19348,264],{"class":263},[31,19350,260],{"class":259},[31,19352,99],{"class":41},[31,19354,271],{"class":259},[31,19356,274],{"class":263},[31,19358,260],{"class":259},[31,19360,18661],{"class":41},[31,19362,18595],{"class":41},[31,19364,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19366,292],{"class":37},[31,19368,42],{"class":41},[31,19370,260],{"class":259},[31,19372,264],{"class":263},[31,19374,260],{"class":259},[31,19376,14147],{"class":41},[31,19378,14150],{"class":140},[31,19380,137],{"class":41},[31,19382,146],{"class":95},[31,19384,120],{"class":41},[31,19386,19387,19389,19391,19393],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,19388,134],{"class":133},[31,19390,137],{"class":41},[31,19392,292],{"class":140},[31,19394,120],{"class":41},[14,19396,358],{},[21,19398,19400],{"className":23,"code":19399,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[28,19401,19402],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19403,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19405,9869],{"class":41},[31,19407,370],{"class":259},[31,19409,264],{"class":263},[31,19411,370],{"class":259},[31,19413,48],{"class":41},[31,19415,4200],{"class":41},[31,19417,146],{"class":95},[31,19419,18661],{"class":41},[31,19421,379],{"class":259},[31,19423,274],{"class":263},[31,19425,370],{"class":259},[31,19427,48],{"class":41},[31,19429,4200],{"class":41},[31,19431,146],{"class":95},[31,19433,14303],{"class":41},[14,19435,19436],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19438,19439],{},"Use this instead:",[21,19441,19443],{"className":23,"code":19442,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[28,19444,19445,19469,19493],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19446,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19448,17840],{"class":37},[31,19450,89],{"class":88},[31,19452,4200],{"class":41},[31,19454,260],{"class":259},[31,19456,264],{"class":263},[31,19458,260],{"class":259},[31,19460,99],{"class":41},[31,19462,271],{"class":259},[31,19464,274],{"class":263},[31,19466,260],{"class":259},[31,19468,59],{"class":41},[31,19470,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19472,19334],{"class":37},[31,19474,89],{"class":88},[31,19476,11082],{"class":41},[31,19478,15439],{"class":37},[31,19480,48],{"class":41},[31,19482,18803],{"class":41},[31,19484,4458],{"class":4457},[31,19486,18808],{"class":37},[31,19488,4464],{"class":4457},[31,19490,18813],{"class":37},[31,19492,9900],{"class":41},[31,19494,19495,19497,19499,19501],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,19496,134],{"class":133},[31,19498,137],{"class":41},[31,19500,292],{"class":140},[31,19502,120],{"class":41},[613,19504,19506,19507,19509],{"id":19505},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[28,19508,17816],{}," on a list",[14,19511,19512],{},"Wrong idea:",[21,19514,19516],{"className":23,"code":19515,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[28,19517,19518,19550],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19519,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19521,17840],{"class":37},[31,19523,89],{"class":88},[31,19525,4200],{"class":41},[31,19527,260],{"class":259},[31,19529,264],{"class":263},[31,19531,260],{"class":259},[31,19533,99],{"class":41},[31,19535,271],{"class":259},[31,19537,274],{"class":263},[31,19539,260],{"class":259},[31,19541,99],{"class":41},[31,19543,271],{"class":259},[31,19545,283],{"class":263},[31,19547,260],{"class":259},[31,19549,59],{"class":41},[31,19551,19552],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19553,19554],{"class":157},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19556,19557,19559,19560,19562,19563,70],{},[28,19558,17816],{}," belongs to ",[28,19561,9412],{},", not ",[28,19564,8682],{},[14,19566,19567],{},"Correct usage:",[21,19569,19571],{"className":23,"code":19570,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[28,19572,19573,19605,19627],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19574,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19576,17840],{"class":37},[31,19578,89],{"class":88},[31,19580,4200],{"class":41},[31,19582,260],{"class":259},[31,19584,264],{"class":263},[31,19586,260],{"class":259},[31,19588,99],{"class":41},[31,19590,271],{"class":259},[31,19592,274],{"class":263},[31,19594,260],{"class":259},[31,19596,99],{"class":41},[31,19598,271],{"class":259},[31,19600,283],{"class":263},[31,19602,260],{"class":259},[31,19604,59],{"class":41},[31,19606,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19608,19334],{"class":37},[31,19610,89],{"class":88},[31,19612,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19614,70],{"class":41},[31,19616,17881],{"class":140},[31,19618,137],{"class":41},[31,19620,17521],{"class":140},[31,19622,99],{"class":41},[31,19624,4413],{"class":95},[31,19626,120],{"class":41},[31,19628,19629,19631,19633,19635],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,19630,134],{"class":133},[31,19632,137],{"class":41},[31,19634,292],{"class":140},[31,19636,120],{"class":41},[613,19638,9043,19640,19642],{"id":19639},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[28,19641,17816],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19644,19645,19647],{},[28,19646,17821],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[21,19649,19651],{"className":23,"code":19650,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[28,19652,19653,19673,19707,19711,19721],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19654,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19656,12680],{"class":37},[31,19658,89],{"class":88},[31,19660,11082],{"class":41},[31,19662,260],{"class":259},[31,19664,2750],{"class":263},[31,19666,260],{"class":259},[31,19668,48],{"class":41},[31,19670,6082],{"class":95},[31,19672,9900],{"class":41},[31,19674,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19676,13634],{"class":37},[31,19678,89],{"class":88},[31,19680,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19682,70],{"class":41},[31,19684,17881],{"class":140},[31,19686,3564],{"class":41},[31,19688,260],{"class":259},[31,19690,264],{"class":263},[31,19692,260],{"class":259},[31,19694,99],{"class":41},[31,19696,271],{"class":259},[31,19698,274],{"class":263},[31,19700,260],{"class":259},[31,19702,18661],{"class":41},[31,19704,4413],{"class":95},[31,19706,120],{"class":41},[31,19708,19709],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,19710,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,19712,19713,19715,19717,19719],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,19714,134],{"class":133},[31,19716,137],{"class":41},[31,19718,12727],{"class":140},[31,19720,120],{"class":41},[31,19722,19723,19725,19727,19730],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,19724,134],{"class":133},[31,19726,137],{"class":41},[31,19728,19729],{"class":140},"new_dict",[31,19731,120],{"class":41},[14,19733,358],{},[21,19735,19737],{"className":23,"code":19736,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[28,19738,19739,19755],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19740,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19742,9869],{"class":41},[31,19744,370],{"class":259},[31,19746,2750],{"class":263},[31,19748,370],{"class":259},[31,19750,48],{"class":41},[31,19752,6082],{"class":95},[31,19754,9900],{"class":41},[31,19756,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19758,9869],{"class":41},[31,19760,370],{"class":259},[31,19762,264],{"class":263},[31,19764,370],{"class":259},[31,19766,48],{"class":41},[31,19768,4413],{"class":95},[31,19770,99],{"class":41},[31,19772,379],{"class":259},[31,19774,274],{"class":263},[31,19776,370],{"class":259},[31,19778,48],{"class":41},[31,19780,4413],{"class":95},[31,19782,9900],{"class":41},[14,19784,19785,19786,70],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[264,19787,11329,19788,11333],{"href":14630},[28,19789,15552],{},[613,19791,19793,19794],{"id":19792},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[28,19795,4357],{},[21,19797,19799],{"className":23,"code":19798,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[28,19800,19801,19831],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19802,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19804,19334],{"class":37},[31,19806,89],{"class":88},[31,19808,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19810,70],{"class":41},[31,19812,17881],{"class":140},[31,19814,3564],{"class":41},[31,19816,260],{"class":259},[31,19818,2750],{"class":263},[31,19820,260],{"class":259},[31,19822,99],{"class":41},[31,19824,271],{"class":259},[31,19826,12339],{"class":263},[31,19828,260],{"class":259},[31,19830,566],{"class":41},[31,19832,19833,19835,19837,19839],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19834,134],{"class":133},[31,19836,137],{"class":41},[31,19838,292],{"class":140},[31,19840,120],{"class":41},[14,19842,358],{},[21,19844,19846],{"className":23,"code":19845,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[28,19847,19848],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19849,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19851,9869],{"class":41},[31,19853,370],{"class":259},[31,19855,2750],{"class":263},[31,19857,370],{"class":259},[31,19859,48],{"class":41},[31,19861,4433],{"class":4432},[31,19863,99],{"class":41},[31,19865,379],{"class":259},[31,19867,12339],{"class":263},[31,19869,370],{"class":259},[31,19871,48],{"class":41},[31,19873,4433],{"class":4432},[31,19875,9900],{"class":41},[14,19877,19878,19879,70],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[28,19880,4357],{},[72,19882,19884],{"id":19883},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19886,19887,19888,19890],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[28,19889,17816],{}," works.",[21,19892,19894],{"className":23,"code":19893,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[28,19895,19896],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19897,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19899,134],{"class":133},[31,19901,137],{"class":41},[31,19903,9412],{"class":1561},[31,19905,70],{"class":41},[31,19907,17881],{"class":140},[31,19909,3564],{"class":41},[31,19911,260],{"class":259},[31,19913,264],{"class":263},[31,19915,260],{"class":259},[31,19917,99],{"class":41},[31,19919,271],{"class":259},[31,19921,274],{"class":263},[31,19923,260],{"class":259},[31,19925,18661],{"class":41},[31,19927,4413],{"class":95},[31,19929,1569],{"class":41},[21,19931,19932],{"className":23,"code":19798,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,19933,19934,19964],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19935,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19937,19334],{"class":37},[31,19939,89],{"class":88},[31,19941,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19943,70],{"class":41},[31,19945,17881],{"class":140},[31,19947,3564],{"class":41},[31,19949,260],{"class":259},[31,19951,2750],{"class":263},[31,19953,260],{"class":259},[31,19955,99],{"class":41},[31,19957,271],{"class":259},[31,19959,12339],{"class":263},[31,19961,260],{"class":259},[31,19963,566],{"class":41},[31,19965,19966,19968,19970,19972],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,19967,134],{"class":133},[31,19969,137],{"class":41},[31,19971,292],{"class":140},[31,19973,120],{"class":41},[21,19975,19976],{"className":23,"code":19327,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,19977,19978,20010,20032],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,19979,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,19981,19334],{"class":37},[31,19983,89],{"class":88},[31,19985,9762],{"class":1561},[31,19987,70],{"class":41},[31,19989,17881],{"class":140},[31,19991,3564],{"class":41},[31,19993,260],{"class":259},[31,19995,264],{"class":263},[31,19997,260],{"class":259},[31,19999,99],{"class":41},[31,20001,271],{"class":259},[31,20003,274],{"class":263},[31,20005,260],{"class":259},[31,20007,18661],{"class":41},[31,20009,18595],{"class":41},[31,20011,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20013,292],{"class":37},[31,20015,42],{"class":41},[31,20017,260],{"class":259},[31,20019,264],{"class":263},[31,20021,260],{"class":259},[31,20023,14147],{"class":41},[31,20025,14150],{"class":140},[31,20027,137],{"class":41},[31,20029,146],{"class":95},[31,20031,120],{"class":41},[31,20033,20034,20036,20038,20040],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,20035,134],{"class":133},[31,20037,137],{"class":41},[31,20039,292],{"class":140},[31,20041,120],{"class":41},[21,20043,20045],{"className":23,"code":20044,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[28,20046,20047],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20048,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20050,134],{"class":133},[31,20052,137],{"class":41},[31,20054,1562],{"class":1561},[31,20056,137],{"class":41},[31,20058,9412],{"class":1561},[31,20060,70],{"class":41},[31,20062,17881],{"class":140},[31,20064,3564],{"class":41},[31,20066,146],{"class":95},[31,20068,99],{"class":41},[31,20070,3571],{"class":95},[31,20072,99],{"class":41},[31,20074,3027],{"class":95},[31,20076,18661],{"class":41},[31,20078,271],{"class":259},[31,20080,3049],{"class":263},[31,20082,260],{"class":259},[31,20084,3490],{"class":41},[72,20086,2435],{"id":2434},[613,20088,13299,20090,20092],{"id":20089},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[28,20091,17816],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,20094,20095],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[613,20097,20099],{"id":20098},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,20101,20102,20103,70],{},"Each key gets ",[28,20104,4357],{},[613,20106,20108],{"id":20107},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,20110,20111],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[613,20113,20115],{"id":20114},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,20117,18751],{},[21,20119,20121],{"className":23,"code":20120,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[28,20122,20123,20155],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20124,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20126,17840],{"class":37},[31,20128,89],{"class":88},[31,20130,4200],{"class":41},[31,20132,260],{"class":259},[31,20134,264],{"class":263},[31,20136,260],{"class":259},[31,20138,99],{"class":41},[31,20140,271],{"class":259},[31,20142,274],{"class":263},[31,20144,260],{"class":259},[31,20146,99],{"class":41},[31,20148,271],{"class":259},[31,20150,283],{"class":263},[31,20152,260],{"class":259},[31,20154,59],{"class":41},[31,20156,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20158,9757],{"class":37},[31,20160,89],{"class":88},[31,20162,11082],{"class":41},[31,20164,15439],{"class":37},[31,20166,48],{"class":41},[31,20168,18803],{"class":41},[31,20170,4458],{"class":4457},[31,20172,18808],{"class":37},[31,20174,4464],{"class":4457},[31,20176,18813],{"class":37},[31,20178,9900],{"class":41},[72,20180,2475],{"id":2474},[228,20182,20183,20187,20191,20195,20201],{},[231,20184,20185],{},[264,20186,11834],{"href":13622},[231,20188,20189],{},[264,20190,9747],{"href":13619},[231,20192,20193],{},[264,20194,11843],{"href":18502},[231,20196,20197],{},[264,20198,11329,20199,11333],{"href":14630},[28,20200,15552],{},[231,20202,20203],{},[264,20204,11329,20205,11333],{"href":15597},[28,20206,13372],{},[14,20208,2668,20209,20211],{},[28,20210,17821],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2499,20213,20214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":20216},[20217,20218,20220,20224,20225,20227,20232,20234,20241,20250,20251,20258],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":17921,"depth":123,"text":20219},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17965,"depth":123,"text":17966,"children":20221},[20222,20223],{"id":17992,"depth":130,"text":17993},{"id":18016,"depth":130,"text":18017},{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":18177,"depth":123,"text":20226},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18506,"depth":123,"text":18507,"children":20228},[20229,20230,20231],{"id":18536,"depth":130,"text":18537},{"id":18699,"depth":130,"text":18700},{"id":18747,"depth":130,"text":18748},{"id":18911,"depth":123,"text":20233},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19069,"depth":123,"text":20235,"children":20236},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20237,20239,20240],{"id":19080,"depth":130,"text":20238},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19145,"depth":130,"text":19146},{"id":19219,"depth":130,"text":19220},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":20242},[20243,20244,20246,20248],{"id":19323,"depth":130,"text":19324},{"id":19505,"depth":130,"text":20245},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19639,"depth":130,"text":20247},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19792,"depth":130,"text":20249},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19883,"depth":123,"text":19884},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":20252},[20253,20255,20256,20257],{"id":20089,"depth":130,"text":20254},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20098,"depth":130,"text":20099},{"id":20107,"depth":130,"text":20108},{"id":20114,"depth":130,"text":20115},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17808,"description":20259},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20266,"title":20267,"body":20268,"description":22097,"extension":2542,"meta":22098,"navigation":126,"path":22099,"seo":22100,"stem":22101,"__hash__":22102},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20269,"toc":22064},[20270,20275,20281,20292,20422,20429,20434,20438,20454,20456,20554,20557,20574,20578,20580,20585,20623,20626,20644,20646,20764,20769,20773,20789,20792,20928,20931,20936,20942,20945,20982,20985,20989,20994,21069,21073,21078,21160,21162,21178,21183,21187,21193,21262,21265,21282,21285,21367,21373,21376,21396,21400,21405,21411,21417,21488,21491,21497,21500,21574,21581,21587,21595,21605,21607,21702,21708,21713,21800,21806,21808,21813,21835,21838,21933,21936,21967,21980,21982,21990,21996,22002,22005,22011,22016,22023,22028,22030,22061],[10,20271,11910,20273,11914],{"id":20272},"python-dictionary-get-method",[28,20274,11332],{},[14,20276,20277,20278,20280],{},"The dictionary ",[28,20279,11332],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,20282,20283,20284,2766,20287,2972,20289,20291],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[28,20285,20286],{},"KeyError",[28,20288,11332],{},[28,20290,4357],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[21,20293,20295],{"className":23,"code":20294,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[28,20296,20297,20333,20337,20363,20388],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20298,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20300,13801],{"class":37},[31,20302,89],{"class":88},[31,20304,11082],{"class":41},[31,20306,260],{"class":259},[31,20308,8256],{"class":263},[31,20310,260],{"class":259},[31,20312,48],{"class":41},[31,20314,271],{"class":259},[31,20316,13476],{"class":263},[31,20318,260],{"class":259},[31,20320,99],{"class":41},[31,20322,271],{"class":259},[31,20324,9890],{"class":263},[31,20326,260],{"class":259},[31,20328,48],{"class":41},[31,20330,9897],{"class":95},[31,20332,9900],{"class":41},[31,20334,20335],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20336,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,20338,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,20340,134],{"class":133},[31,20342,137],{"class":41},[31,20344,17905],{"class":140},[31,20346,70],{"class":41},[31,20348,20349],{"class":140},"get",[31,20351,137],{"class":41},[31,20353,260],{"class":259},[31,20355,8256],{"class":263},[31,20357,260],{"class":259},[31,20359,5945],{"class":41},[31,20361,20362],{"class":157},"           # Ana\n",[31,20364,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,20366,134],{"class":133},[31,20368,137],{"class":41},[31,20370,17905],{"class":140},[31,20372,70],{"class":41},[31,20374,20349],{"class":140},[31,20376,137],{"class":41},[31,20378,260],{"class":259},[31,20380,11000],{"class":263},[31,20382,260],{"class":259},[31,20384,5945],{"class":41},[31,20386,20387],{"class":157},"           # None\n",[31,20389,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20415,20417,20419],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,20391,134],{"class":133},[31,20393,137],{"class":41},[31,20395,17905],{"class":140},[31,20397,70],{"class":41},[31,20399,20349],{"class":140},[31,20401,137],{"class":41},[31,20403,260],{"class":259},[31,20405,11000],{"class":263},[31,20407,260],{"class":259},[31,20409,99],{"class":41},[31,20411,271],{"class":259},[31,20413,20414],{"class":263},"N\u002FA",[31,20416,260],{"class":259},[31,20418,5945],{"class":41},[31,20420,20421],{"class":157},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20423,2668,20424,20426,20427,70],{},[28,20425,11332],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[28,20428,20286],{},[72,20430,4255,20432,4258],{"id":20431},"what-get-does",[28,20433,11332],{},[14,20435,62,20436,12005],{},[28,20437,11332],{},[228,20439,20440,20443,20448,20451],{},[231,20441,20442],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[231,20444,12016,20445,20447],{},[28,20446,4357],{}," if the key does not exist",[231,20449,20450],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[231,20452,20453],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20455,242],{},[21,20457,20459],{"className":23,"code":20458,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[28,20460,20461,20500,20504,20529],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20462,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20482,20484,20486,20488,20491,20493,20495,20498],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20464,13459],{"class":37},[31,20466,89],{"class":88},[31,20468,11082],{"class":41},[31,20470,260],{"class":259},[31,20472,8256],{"class":263},[31,20474,260],{"class":259},[31,20476,48],{"class":41},[31,20478,271],{"class":259},[31,20480,20481],{"class":263},"Lina",[31,20483,260],{"class":259},[31,20485,99],{"class":41},[31,20487,271],{"class":259},[31,20489,20490],{"class":263},"grade",[31,20492,260],{"class":259},[31,20494,48],{"class":41},[31,20496,20497],{"class":95}," 90",[31,20499,9900],{"class":41},[31,20501,20502],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20503,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,20505,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,20507,134],{"class":133},[31,20509,137],{"class":41},[31,20511,14223],{"class":140},[31,20513,70],{"class":41},[31,20515,20349],{"class":140},[31,20517,137],{"class":41},[31,20519,260],{"class":259},[31,20521,8256],{"class":263},[31,20523,260],{"class":259},[31,20525,5945],{"class":41},[31,20527,20528],{"class":157},"     # Lina\n",[31,20530,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,20532,134],{"class":133},[31,20534,137],{"class":41},[31,20536,14223],{"class":140},[31,20538,70],{"class":41},[31,20540,20349],{"class":140},[31,20542,137],{"class":41},[31,20544,260],{"class":259},[31,20546,15856],{"class":263},[31,20548,260],{"class":259},[31,20550,5945],{"class":41},[31,20552,20553],{"class":157},"    # None\n",[14,20555,20556],{},"In this example:",[228,20558,20559,20564],{},[231,20560,20561,20563],{},[28,20562,15837],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[231,20565,20566,20569,20570,2972,20572],{},[28,20567,20568],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[28,20571,11332],{},[28,20573,4357],{},[14,20575,13616,20576,70],{},[264,20577,9747],{"href":9746},[72,20579,2733],{"id":2732},[14,20581,20582,20583,48],{},"There are two common forms of ",[28,20584,11332],{},[21,20586,20588],{"className":23,"code":20587,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[28,20589,20590,20604],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20591,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20593,16202],{"class":37},[31,20595,70],{"class":41},[31,20597,20349],{"class":140},[31,20599,137],{"class":41},[31,20601,15439],{"class":140},[31,20603,120],{"class":41},[31,20605,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20621],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20607,16202],{"class":37},[31,20609,70],{"class":41},[31,20611,20349],{"class":140},[31,20613,137],{"class":41},[31,20615,15439],{"class":140},[31,20617,99],{"class":41},[31,20619,20620],{"class":140}," default_value",[31,20622,120],{"class":41},[14,20624,20625],{},"What each part means:",[228,20627,20628,20633,20639],{},[231,20629,20630,20632],{},[28,20631,15439],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[231,20634,20635,20638],{},[28,20636,20637],{},"default_value"," is optional",[231,20640,20641,20642],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[28,20643,4357],{},[14,20645,242],{},[21,20647,20649],{"className":23,"code":20648,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[28,20650,20651,20675,20679,20704,20730],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20652,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20654,14423],{"class":37},[31,20656,89],{"class":88},[31,20658,11082],{"class":41},[31,20660,260],{"class":259},[31,20662,13089],{"class":263},[31,20664,260],{"class":259},[31,20666,48],{"class":41},[31,20668,271],{"class":259},[31,20670,13098],{"class":263},[31,20672,260],{"class":259},[31,20674,9900],{"class":41},[31,20676,20677],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20678,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,20680,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,20682,134],{"class":133},[31,20684,137],{"class":41},[31,20686,14482],{"class":140},[31,20688,70],{"class":41},[31,20690,20349],{"class":140},[31,20692,137],{"class":41},[31,20694,260],{"class":259},[31,20696,13089],{"class":263},[31,20698,260],{"class":259},[31,20700,5945],{"class":41},[31,20702,20703],{"class":157},"            # dark\n",[31,20705,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20723,20725,20727],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,20707,134],{"class":133},[31,20709,137],{"class":41},[31,20711,14482],{"class":140},[31,20713,70],{"class":41},[31,20715,20349],{"class":140},[31,20717,137],{"class":41},[31,20719,260],{"class":259},[31,20721,20722],{"class":263},"language",[31,20724,260],{"class":259},[31,20726,5945],{"class":41},[31,20728,20729],{"class":157},"         # None\n",[31,20731,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20757,20759,20761],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,20733,134],{"class":133},[31,20735,137],{"class":41},[31,20737,14482],{"class":140},[31,20739,70],{"class":41},[31,20741,20349],{"class":140},[31,20743,137],{"class":41},[31,20745,260],{"class":259},[31,20747,20722],{"class":263},[31,20749,260],{"class":259},[31,20751,99],{"class":41},[31,20753,271],{"class":259},[31,20755,20756],{"class":263},"en",[31,20758,260],{"class":259},[31,20760,5945],{"class":41},[31,20762,20763],{"class":157},"   # en\n",[72,20765,5544,20767],{"id":20766},"when-to-use-get",[28,20768,11332],{},[14,20770,2668,20771,11193],{},[28,20772,11332],{},[228,20774,20775,20778,20783,20786],{},[231,20776,20777],{},"A key might not exist",[231,20779,20780,20781],{},"You want to avoid ",[28,20782,20286],{},[231,20784,20785],{},"You are reading optional data",[231,20787,20788],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20790,20791],{},"Example with optional user data:",[21,20793,20795],{"className":23,"code":20794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[28,20796,20797,20839,20843,20868,20894],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20798,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20835,20837],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20800,12081],{"class":37},[31,20802,89],{"class":88},[31,20804,11082],{"class":41},[31,20806,260],{"class":259},[31,20808,8573],{"class":263},[31,20810,260],{"class":259},[31,20812,48],{"class":41},[31,20814,271],{"class":259},[31,20816,20817],{"class":263},"sam",[31,20819,260],{"class":259},[31,20821,99],{"class":41},[31,20823,271],{"class":259},[31,20825,15856],{"class":263},[31,20827,260],{"class":259},[31,20829,48],{"class":41},[31,20831,271],{"class":259},[31,20833,20834],{"class":263},"sam@example.com",[31,20836,260],{"class":259},[31,20838,9900],{"class":41},[31,20840,20841],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20842,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,20844,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,20846,134],{"class":133},[31,20848,137],{"class":41},[31,20850,12175],{"class":140},[31,20852,70],{"class":41},[31,20854,20349],{"class":140},[31,20856,137],{"class":41},[31,20858,260],{"class":259},[31,20860,8573],{"class":263},[31,20862,260],{"class":259},[31,20864,5945],{"class":41},[31,20866,20867],{"class":157},"              # sam\n",[31,20869,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20887,20889,20891],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,20871,134],{"class":133},[31,20873,137],{"class":41},[31,20875,12175],{"class":140},[31,20877,70],{"class":41},[31,20879,20349],{"class":140},[31,20881,137],{"class":41},[31,20883,260],{"class":259},[31,20885,20886],{"class":263},"phone",[31,20888,260],{"class":259},[31,20890,5945],{"class":41},[31,20892,20893],{"class":157},"                 # None\n",[31,20895,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20921,20923,20925],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,20897,134],{"class":133},[31,20899,137],{"class":41},[31,20901,12175],{"class":140},[31,20903,70],{"class":41},[31,20905,20349],{"class":140},[31,20907,137],{"class":41},[31,20909,260],{"class":259},[31,20911,20886],{"class":263},[31,20913,260],{"class":259},[31,20915,99],{"class":41},[31,20917,271],{"class":259},[31,20919,20920],{"class":263},"Not provided",[31,20922,260],{"class":259},[31,20924,5945],{"class":41},[31,20926,20927],{"class":157}," # Not provided\n",[14,20929,20930],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20932,20933,20934,70],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[264,20935,17195],{"href":17194},[72,20937,20939,20941],{"id":20938},"get-vs-square-brackets",[28,20940,11332],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20943,20944],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[21,20946,20948],{"className":23,"code":20947,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[28,20949,20950,20964],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,20951,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,20953,9796],{"class":37},[31,20955,42],{"class":41},[31,20957,260],{"class":259},[31,20959,15439],{"class":263},[31,20961,260],{"class":259},[31,20963,59],{"class":41},[31,20965,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,20967,9796],{"class":37},[31,20969,70],{"class":41},[31,20971,20349],{"class":140},[31,20973,137],{"class":41},[31,20975,260],{"class":259},[31,20977,15439],{"class":263},[31,20979,260],{"class":259},[31,20981,120],{"class":41},[14,20983,20984],{},"The difference is important.",[613,20986,20988],{"id":20987},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20990,20991,20992,70],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[28,20993,20286],{},[21,20995,20997],{"className":23,"code":20996,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[28,20998,20999,21023,21027,21048],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21000,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21002,9757],{"class":37},[31,21004,89],{"class":88},[31,21006,11082],{"class":41},[31,21008,260],{"class":259},[31,21010,8256],{"class":263},[31,21012,260],{"class":259},[31,21014,48],{"class":41},[31,21016,271],{"class":259},[31,21018,13476],{"class":263},[31,21020,260],{"class":259},[31,21022,9900],{"class":41},[31,21024,21025],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21026,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21028,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21030,134],{"class":133},[31,21032,137],{"class":41},[31,21034,9796],{"class":140},[31,21036,42],{"class":41},[31,21038,260],{"class":259},[31,21040,8256],{"class":263},[31,21042,260],{"class":259},[31,21044,154],{"class":41},[31,21046,21047],{"class":157},"   # Ana\n",[31,21049,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21051,134],{"class":133},[31,21053,137],{"class":41},[31,21055,9796],{"class":140},[31,21057,42],{"class":41},[31,21059,260],{"class":259},[31,21061,11000],{"class":263},[31,21063,260],{"class":259},[31,21065,154],{"class":41},[31,21067,21068],{"class":157},"   # KeyError\n",[613,21070,21071],{"id":20349},[28,21072,11332],{},[14,21074,21075,21077],{},[28,21076,11332],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[21,21079,21081],{"className":23,"code":21080,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[28,21082,21083,21107,21111,21135],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21084,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21086,9757],{"class":37},[31,21088,89],{"class":88},[31,21090,11082],{"class":41},[31,21092,260],{"class":259},[31,21094,8256],{"class":263},[31,21096,260],{"class":259},[31,21098,48],{"class":41},[31,21100,271],{"class":259},[31,21102,13476],{"class":263},[31,21104,260],{"class":259},[31,21106,9900],{"class":41},[31,21108,21109],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21110,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21112,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21114,134],{"class":133},[31,21116,137],{"class":41},[31,21118,9796],{"class":140},[31,21120,70],{"class":41},[31,21122,20349],{"class":140},[31,21124,137],{"class":41},[31,21126,260],{"class":259},[31,21128,8256],{"class":263},[31,21130,260],{"class":259},[31,21132,5945],{"class":41},[31,21134,21047],{"class":157},[31,21136,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21138,134],{"class":133},[31,21140,137],{"class":41},[31,21142,9796],{"class":140},[31,21144,70],{"class":41},[31,21146,20349],{"class":140},[31,21148,137],{"class":41},[31,21150,260],{"class":259},[31,21152,11000],{"class":263},[31,21154,260],{"class":259},[31,21156,5945],{"class":41},[31,21158,21159],{"class":157},"   # None\n",[14,21161,19294],{},[228,21163,21164,21170],{},[231,21165,21166,21167],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[67,21168,21169],{},"must exist",[231,21171,21172,21174,21175],{},[28,21173,11332],{}," when the key is ",[67,21176,21177],{},"optional",[14,21179,21180,21181,70],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[264,21182,11854],{"href":11667},[72,21184,21186],{"id":21185},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,21188,21189,21190,21192],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[28,21191,11332],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[21,21194,21196],{"className":23,"code":21195,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[28,21197,21198,21223,21227],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21199,21200,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21201,21202],{"class":37},"profile ",[31,21204,89],{"class":88},[31,21206,11082],{"class":41},[31,21208,260],{"class":259},[31,21210,8256],{"class":263},[31,21212,260],{"class":259},[31,21214,48],{"class":41},[31,21216,271],{"class":259},[31,21218,8509],{"class":263},[31,21220,260],{"class":259},[31,21222,9900],{"class":41},[31,21224,21225],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21226,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21228,21229,21231,21233,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21255,21257,21259],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21230,134],{"class":133},[31,21232,137],{"class":41},[31,21234,21235],{"class":140},"profile",[31,21237,70],{"class":41},[31,21239,20349],{"class":140},[31,21241,137],{"class":41},[31,21243,260],{"class":259},[31,21245,15859],{"class":263},[31,21247,260],{"class":259},[31,21249,99],{"class":41},[31,21251,271],{"class":259},[31,21253,21254],{"class":263},"Unknown",[31,21256,260],{"class":259},[31,21258,5945],{"class":41},[31,21260,21261],{"class":157},"  # Unknown\n",[14,21263,21264],{},"This is useful for display text:",[228,21266,21267,21272,21277],{},[231,21268,21269],{},[28,21270,21271],{},"\"Unknown\"",[231,21273,21274],{},[28,21275,21276],{},"\"Not set\"",[231,21278,21279],{},[28,21280,21281],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,21283,21284],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[21,21286,21288],{"className":23,"code":21287,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[28,21289,21290,21322,21326,21353],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21291,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21293,5647],{"class":37},[31,21295,89],{"class":88},[31,21297,11082],{"class":41},[31,21299,260],{"class":259},[31,21301,19016],{"class":263},[31,21303,260],{"class":259},[31,21305,48],{"class":41},[31,21307,1026],{"class":95},[31,21309,99],{"class":41},[31,21311,271],{"class":259},[31,21313,19025],{"class":263},[31,21315,260],{"class":259},[31,21317,48],{"class":41},[31,21319,6944],{"class":95},[31,21321,9900],{"class":41},[31,21323,21324],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21325,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21327,21328,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21329,21330],{"class":37},"total_history ",[31,21332,89],{"class":88},[31,21334,5693],{"class":37},[31,21336,70],{"class":41},[31,21338,20349],{"class":140},[31,21340,137],{"class":41},[31,21342,260],{"class":259},[31,21344,19034],{"class":263},[31,21346,260],{"class":259},[31,21348,99],{"class":41},[31,21350,4413],{"class":95},[31,21352,120],{"class":41},[31,21354,21355,21357,21359,21362,21364],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21356,134],{"class":133},[31,21358,137],{"class":41},[31,21360,21361],{"class":140},"total_history",[31,21363,4238],{"class":41},[31,21365,21366],{"class":157},"   # 0\n",[14,21368,21369,21370,21372],{},"Here, ",[28,21371,1243],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,21374,21375],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[228,21377,21378,21381,21386,21391],{},[231,21379,21380],{},"Use a string for text",[231,21382,2668,21383,21385],{},[28,21384,1243],{}," for numbers",[231,21387,2668,21388,21390],{},[28,21389,4366],{}," for lists if needed",[231,21392,2668,21393,21395],{},[28,21394,4371],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[72,21397,21399],{"id":21398},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,21401,21402,21403,70],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[28,21404,11332],{},[613,21406,21408,21410],{"id":21407},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[28,21409,11332],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21412,21413,21414,21416],{},"This code does ",[67,21415,5213],{}," create a new key:",[21,21418,21420],{"className":23,"code":21419,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[28,21421,21422,21446,21450,21475],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21423,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21425,13801],{"class":37},[31,21427,89],{"class":88},[31,21429,11082],{"class":41},[31,21431,260],{"class":259},[31,21433,8256],{"class":263},[31,21435,260],{"class":259},[31,21437,48],{"class":41},[31,21439,271],{"class":259},[31,21441,13476],{"class":263},[31,21443,260],{"class":259},[31,21445,9900],{"class":41},[31,21447,21448],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21449,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21451,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21453,134],{"class":133},[31,21455,137],{"class":41},[31,21457,17905],{"class":140},[31,21459,70],{"class":41},[31,21461,20349],{"class":140},[31,21463,137],{"class":41},[31,21465,260],{"class":259},[31,21467,11000],{"class":263},[31,21469,260],{"class":259},[31,21471,5945],{"class":41},[31,21473,21474],{"class":157},"  # None\n",[31,21476,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21478,134],{"class":133},[31,21480,137],{"class":41},[31,21482,17905],{"class":140},[31,21484,4238],{"class":41},[31,21486,21487],{"class":157},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21489,21490],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[613,21492,21494,21496],{"id":21493},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[28,21495,11332],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21498,21499],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[21,21501,21503],{"className":23,"code":21502,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[28,21504,21505,21531,21535,21561],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21506,21507,21509,21511,21513,21515,21518,21520,21522,21524,21527,21529],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21508,14423],{"class":37},[31,21510,89],{"class":88},[31,21512,11082],{"class":41},[31,21514,260],{"class":259},[31,21516,21517],{"class":263},"mode",[31,21519,260],{"class":259},[31,21521,48],{"class":41},[31,21523,271],{"class":259},[31,21525,21526],{"class":263},"light",[31,21528,260],{"class":259},[31,21530,9900],{"class":41},[31,21532,21533],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21534,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21536,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21538,14482],{"class":37},[31,21540,70],{"class":41},[31,21542,20349],{"class":140},[31,21544,137],{"class":41},[31,21546,260],{"class":259},[31,21548,13089],{"class":263},[31,21550,260],{"class":259},[31,21552,99],{"class":41},[31,21554,271],{"class":259},[31,21556,13098],{"class":263},[31,21558,260],{"class":259},[31,21560,120],{"class":41},[31,21562,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21564,134],{"class":133},[31,21566,137],{"class":41},[31,21568,14482],{"class":140},[31,21570,4238],{"class":41},[31,21572,21573],{"class":157},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21575,21576,21577,21580],{},"Even though ",[28,21578,21579],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[613,21582,21584,21585],{"id":21583},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[28,21586,4357],{},[14,21588,21589,21590,2972,21592,21594],{},"Sometimes ",[28,21591,11332],{},[28,21593,4357],{}," because:",[228,21596,21597,21600],{},[231,21598,21599],{},"The key is missing, or",[231,21601,21602,21603],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[28,21604,4357],{},[14,21606,242],{},[21,21608,21610],{"className":23,"code":21609,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[28,21611,21612,21649,21653,21677],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21613,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21641,21643,21645,21647],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21615,9757],{"class":37},[31,21617,89],{"class":88},[31,21619,11082],{"class":41},[31,21621,260],{"class":259},[31,21623,8256],{"class":263},[31,21625,260],{"class":259},[31,21627,48],{"class":41},[31,21629,271],{"class":259},[31,21631,13476],{"class":263},[31,21633,260],{"class":259},[31,21635,99],{"class":41},[31,21637,271],{"class":259},[31,21639,21640],{"class":263},"nickname",[31,21642,260],{"class":259},[31,21644,48],{"class":41},[31,21646,4433],{"class":4432},[31,21648,9900],{"class":41},[31,21650,21651],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21652,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21654,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21656,134],{"class":133},[31,21658,137],{"class":41},[31,21660,9796],{"class":140},[31,21662,70],{"class":41},[31,21664,20349],{"class":140},[31,21666,137],{"class":41},[31,21668,260],{"class":259},[31,21670,21640],{"class":263},[31,21672,260],{"class":259},[31,21674,5945],{"class":41},[31,21676,21474],{"class":157},[31,21678,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21680,134],{"class":133},[31,21682,137],{"class":41},[31,21684,9796],{"class":140},[31,21686,70],{"class":41},[31,21688,20349],{"class":140},[31,21690,137],{"class":41},[31,21692,260],{"class":259},[31,21694,11000],{"class":263},[31,21696,260],{"class":259},[31,21698,5945],{"class":41},[31,21700,21701],{"class":157},"      # None\n",[14,21703,21704,21705,21707],{},"Both lines print ",[28,21706,4357],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21709,21710,21711,48],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[28,21712,4464],{},[21,21714,21716],{"className":23,"code":21715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[28,21717,21718,21754,21758,21779],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21719,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21721,9757],{"class":37},[31,21723,89],{"class":88},[31,21725,11082],{"class":41},[31,21727,260],{"class":259},[31,21729,8256],{"class":263},[31,21731,260],{"class":259},[31,21733,48],{"class":41},[31,21735,271],{"class":259},[31,21737,13476],{"class":263},[31,21739,260],{"class":259},[31,21741,99],{"class":41},[31,21743,271],{"class":259},[31,21745,21640],{"class":263},[31,21747,260],{"class":259},[31,21749,48],{"class":41},[31,21751,4433],{"class":4432},[31,21753,9900],{"class":41},[31,21755,21756],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21757,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,21759,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21773,21775,21777],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21761,134],{"class":133},[31,21763,137],{"class":41},[31,21765,260],{"class":259},[31,21767,21640],{"class":263},[31,21769,260],{"class":259},[31,21771,21772],{"class":4457}," in",[31,21774,15164],{"class":140},[31,21776,4238],{"class":41},[31,21778,4241],{"class":157},[31,21780,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21782,134],{"class":133},[31,21784,137],{"class":41},[31,21786,260],{"class":259},[31,21788,11000],{"class":263},[31,21790,260],{"class":259},[31,21792,21772],{"class":4457},[31,21794,15164],{"class":140},[31,21796,4238],{"class":41},[31,21798,21799],{"class":157},"      # False\n",[14,21801,21802,21803,70],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[264,21804,21805],{"href":17751},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[72,21807,3407],{"id":3406},[14,21809,21810,21811,48],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[28,21812,11332],{},[228,21814,21815,21820,21827,21832],{},[231,21816,21817,21818],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[28,21819,20286],{},[231,21821,5287,21822,2972,21824,21826],{},[28,21823,11332],{},[28,21825,4357],{}," if no default is provided",[231,21828,5161,21829,21831],{},[28,21830,11332],{}," creates a key automatically",[231,21833,21834],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21836,21837],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[21,21839,21841],{"className":23,"code":21840,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[28,21842,21843,21853,21867,21885,21907],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,21844,21845,21847,21849,21851],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,21846,134],{"class":133},[31,21848,137],{"class":41},[31,21850,12042],{"class":140},[31,21852,120],{"class":41},[31,21854,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,21856,134],{"class":133},[31,21858,137],{"class":41},[31,21860,12042],{"class":140},[31,21862,70],{"class":41},[31,21864,17521],{"class":140},[31,21866,7781],{"class":41},[31,21868,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,21870,134],{"class":133},[31,21872,137],{"class":41},[31,21874,370],{"class":259},[31,21876,8256],{"class":263},[31,21878,370],{"class":259},[31,21880,21772],{"class":4457},[31,21882,12360],{"class":140},[31,21884,120],{"class":41},[31,21886,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,21888,134],{"class":133},[31,21890,137],{"class":41},[31,21892,12042],{"class":140},[31,21894,70],{"class":41},[31,21896,20349],{"class":140},[31,21898,137],{"class":41},[31,21900,370],{"class":259},[31,21902,8256],{"class":263},[31,21904,370],{"class":259},[31,21906,1569],{"class":41},[31,21908,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,21910,134],{"class":133},[31,21912,137],{"class":41},[31,21914,1562],{"class":1561},[31,21916,137],{"class":41},[31,21918,12042],{"class":140},[31,21920,70],{"class":41},[31,21922,20349],{"class":140},[31,21924,137],{"class":41},[31,21926,370],{"class":259},[31,21928,8256],{"class":263},[31,21930,370],{"class":259},[31,21932,3490],{"class":41},[14,21934,21935],{},"What these checks tell you:",[228,21937,21938,21943,21949,21955,21961],{},[231,21939,21940,21942],{},[28,21941,13274],{}," shows the full dictionary",[231,21944,21945,21948],{},[28,21946,21947],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[231,21950,21951,21954],{},[28,21952,21953],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[231,21956,21957,21960],{},[28,21958,21959],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[231,21962,21963,21966],{},[28,21964,21965],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21968,21969,21970,4975,21975,21979],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[264,21971,21972,21973,11333],{"href":17660},"the dictionary ",[28,21974,17663],{},[264,21976,21972,21977,11333],{"href":17673},[28,21978,17676],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[72,21981,2435],{"id":2434},[613,21983,13299,21985,21987,21988,2466],{"id":21984},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[28,21986,11332],{}," raise ",[28,21989,20286],{},[14,21991,21992,21993,21995],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[28,21994,4357],{}," or the default value you provide.",[613,21997,13299,21999,22001],{"id":21998},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[28,22000,11332],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,22003,22004],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[613,22006,22008,22009,2466],{"id":22007},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[28,22010,11332],{},[14,22012,22013,22015],{},[28,22014,4357],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[613,22017,22019,22020,22022],{"id":22018},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[28,22021,11332],{}," or square brackets?",[14,22024,2668,22025,22027],{},[28,22026,11332],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[72,22029,2475],{"id":2474},[228,22031,22032,22036,22042,22048,22052,22057],{},[231,22033,22034],{},[264,22035,9747],{"href":9746},[231,22037,22038],{},[264,22039,11329,22040,11333],{"href":17660},[28,22041,17663],{},[231,22043,22044],{},[264,22045,11329,22046,11333],{"href":17673},[28,22047,17676],{},[231,22049,22050],{},[264,22051,17752],{"href":17751},[231,22053,22054],{},[264,22055,22056],{"href":17194},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[231,22058,22059],{},[264,22060,11854],{"href":11667},[2499,22062,22063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":22065},[22066,22068,22069,22071,22076,22077,22085,22086,22096],{"id":20431,"depth":123,"text":22067},"What get() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":20766,"depth":123,"text":22070},"When to use get()",{"id":20938,"depth":123,"text":22072,"children":22073},"get() vs square brackets",[22074,22075],{"id":20987,"depth":130,"text":20988},{"id":20349,"depth":130,"text":11332},{"id":21185,"depth":123,"text":21186},{"id":21398,"depth":123,"text":21399,"children":22078},[22079,22081,22083],{"id":21407,"depth":130,"text":22080},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21493,"depth":130,"text":22082},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21583,"depth":130,"text":22084},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":22087},[22088,22090,22092,22094],{"id":21984,"depth":130,"text":22089},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21998,"depth":130,"text":22091},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22007,"depth":130,"text":22093},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22018,"depth":130,"text":22095},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20267,"description":22097},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22104,"title":22105,"body":22106,"description":24663,"extension":2542,"meta":24664,"navigation":126,"path":24665,"seo":24666,"stem":24667,"__hash__":24668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22107,"toc":24629},[22108,22113,22119,22125,22127,22209,22213,22230,22235,22240,22245,22247,22261,22263,22326,22330,22370,22378,22380,22382,22397,22400,22413,22415,22494,22498,22564,22566,22570,22578,22580,22591,22593,22703,22707,22786,22792,22798,22803,22916,22920,22952,22955,23062,23068,23075,23079,23082,23185,23189,23250,23253,23256,23267,23276,23279,23296,23298,23397,23401,23476,23479,23502,23507,23512,23529,23531,23652,23656,23690,23692,23697,23704,23714,23716,23794,23797,23868,23878,23881,23913,23916,23955,23961,23968,23971,24062,24066,24147,24153,24156,24159,24264,24267,24270,24392,24396,24399,24466,24470,24507,24513,24515,24521,24526,24532,24539,24545,24548,24587,24593,24596,24598,24626],[10,22109,11910,22111,11914],{"id":22110},"python-dictionary-items-method",[28,22112,17676],{},[14,22114,62,22115,22118],{},[28,22116,22117],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,22120,22121,22122,22124],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[28,22123,17676],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[72,22126,75],{"id":74},[21,22128,22130],{"className":23,"code":22129,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[28,22131,22132,22168,22172,22195],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22133,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22135,13801],{"class":37},[31,22137,89],{"class":88},[31,22139,11082],{"class":41},[31,22141,260],{"class":259},[31,22143,8256],{"class":263},[31,22145,260],{"class":259},[31,22147,48],{"class":41},[31,22149,271],{"class":259},[31,22151,13476],{"class":263},[31,22153,260],{"class":259},[31,22155,99],{"class":41},[31,22157,271],{"class":259},[31,22159,9890],{"class":263},[31,22161,260],{"class":259},[31,22163,48],{"class":41},[31,22165,9897],{"class":95},[31,22167,9900],{"class":41},[31,22169,22170],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22171,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22173,22174,22176,22179,22181,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,22175,6543],{"class":4457},[31,22177,22178],{"class":37}," key",[31,22180,99],{"class":41},[31,22182,22183],{"class":37}," value ",[31,22185,4464],{"class":4457},[31,22187,13844],{"class":37},[31,22189,70],{"class":41},[31,22191,8397],{"class":140},[31,22193,22194],{"class":41},"():\n",[31,22196,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,22198,8657],{"class":133},[31,22200,137],{"class":41},[31,22202,15439],{"class":140},[31,22204,99],{"class":41},[31,22206,9023],{"class":140},[31,22208,120],{"class":41},[14,22210,22211],{},[67,22212,358],{},[21,22214,22216],{"className":23,"code":22215,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[28,22217,22218,22223],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22219,22220],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22221,22222],{"class":37},"name Ana\n",[31,22224,22225,22228],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22226,22227],{"class":37},"age ",[31,22229,3285],{"class":95},[14,22231,2668,22232,22234],{},[28,22233,17676],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[72,22236,4255,22238,4258],{"id":22237},"what-items-does",[28,22239,17676],{},[14,22241,22242,22244],{},[28,22243,17676],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,22246,12051],{},[228,22248,22249,22255,22258],{},[231,22250,22251,22252],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[28,22253,22254],{},"(key, value)",[231,22256,22257],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[231,22259,22260],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,22262,242],{},[21,22264,22266],{"className":23,"code":22265,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[28,22267,22268,22304,22308],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22269,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22271,13801],{"class":37},[31,22273,89],{"class":88},[31,22275,11082],{"class":41},[31,22277,260],{"class":259},[31,22279,8256],{"class":263},[31,22281,260],{"class":259},[31,22283,48],{"class":41},[31,22285,271],{"class":259},[31,22287,13476],{"class":263},[31,22289,260],{"class":259},[31,22291,99],{"class":41},[31,22293,271],{"class":259},[31,22295,9890],{"class":263},[31,22297,260],{"class":259},[31,22299,48],{"class":41},[31,22301,9897],{"class":95},[31,22303,9900],{"class":41},[31,22305,22306],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22307,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22309,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,22311,134],{"class":133},[31,22313,137],{"class":41},[31,22315,8682],{"class":1561},[31,22317,137],{"class":41},[31,22319,17905],{"class":140},[31,22321,70],{"class":41},[31,22323,8397],{"class":140},[31,22325,6874],{"class":41},[14,22327,22328],{},[67,22329,358],{},[21,22331,22333],{"className":23,"code":22332,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[28,22334,22335],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22336,22337,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22338,22339],{"class":41},"[(",[31,22341,370],{"class":259},[31,22343,8256],{"class":263},[31,22345,370],{"class":259},[31,22347,99],{"class":41},[31,22349,379],{"class":259},[31,22351,13476],{"class":263},[31,22353,370],{"class":259},[31,22355,9825],{"class":41},[31,22357,92],{"class":41},[31,22359,370],{"class":259},[31,22361,9890],{"class":263},[31,22363,370],{"class":259},[31,22365,99],{"class":41},[31,22367,9897],{"class":95},[31,22369,9840],{"class":41},[14,22371,22372,22373,3456,22375,70],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[264,22374,9747],{"href":13619},[264,22376,15623],{"href":22377},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[72,22379,2733],{"id":2732},[14,22381,6018],{},[21,22383,22385],{"className":23,"code":22384,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict.items()\n",[28,22386,22387],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22388,22389,22391,22393,22395],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22390,12042],{"class":37},[31,22392,70],{"class":41},[31,22394,8397],{"class":140},[31,22396,1772],{"class":41},[14,22398,22399],{},"Things to remember:",[228,22401,22402,22407,22410],{},[231,22403,22404,22406],{},[28,22405,17676],{}," does not take any arguments",[231,22408,22409],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[231,22411,22412],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22414,242],{},[21,22416,22418],{"className":23,"code":22417,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[28,22419,22420,22452,22456,22470,22474,22484],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22421,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22423,5647],{"class":37},[31,22425,89],{"class":88},[31,22427,11082],{"class":41},[31,22429,260],{"class":259},[31,22431,5587],{"class":263},[31,22433,260],{"class":259},[31,22435,48],{"class":41},[31,22437,20497],{"class":95},[31,22439,99],{"class":41},[31,22441,271],{"class":259},[31,22443,5596],{"class":263},[31,22445,260],{"class":259},[31,22447,48],{"class":41},[31,22449,14104],{"class":95},[31,22451,9900],{"class":41},[31,22453,22454],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22455,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22457,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,22459,1522],{"class":37},[31,22461,89],{"class":88},[31,22463,5693],{"class":37},[31,22465,70],{"class":41},[31,22467,8397],{"class":140},[31,22469,1772],{"class":41},[31,22471,22472],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,22473,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22475,22476,22478,22480,22482],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,22477,134],{"class":133},[31,22479,137],{"class":41},[31,22481,1550],{"class":140},[31,22483,120],{"class":41},[31,22485,22486,22488,22490,22492],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,22487,134],{"class":133},[31,22489,137],{"class":41},[31,22491,16986],{"class":140},[31,22493,120],{"class":41},[14,22495,22496],{},[67,22497,358],{},[21,22499,22501],{"className":23,"code":22500,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[28,22502,22503,22536],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22504,22505,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22506,22507],{"class":140},"dict_items",[31,22509,10249],{"class":41},[31,22511,370],{"class":259},[31,22513,5587],{"class":263},[31,22515,370],{"class":259},[31,22517,99],{"class":41},[31,22519,20497],{"class":95},[31,22521,9825],{"class":41},[31,22523,92],{"class":41},[31,22525,370],{"class":259},[31,22527,5596],{"class":263},[31,22529,370],{"class":259},[31,22531,99],{"class":41},[31,22533,14104],{"class":95},[31,22535,11271],{"class":41},[31,22537,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22539,9869],{"class":41},[31,22541,370],{"class":259},[31,22543,5587],{"class":263},[31,22545,370],{"class":259},[31,22547,48],{"class":41},[31,22549,20497],{"class":95},[31,22551,99],{"class":41},[31,22553,379],{"class":259},[31,22555,5596],{"class":263},[31,22557,370],{"class":259},[31,22559,48],{"class":41},[31,22561,14104],{"class":95},[31,22563,9900],{"class":41},[14,22565,21490],{},[72,22567,22569],{"id":22568},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22571,22572,22574,22575,22577],{},[28,22573,17676],{}," returns a ",[28,22576,22507],{}," view object.",[14,22579,2683],{},[228,22581,22582,22585,22588],{},[231,22583,22584],{},"You can loop over it",[231,22586,22587],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[231,22589,22590],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22592,242],{},[21,22594,22596],{"className":23,"code":22595,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[28,22597,22598,22630,22644,22648,22662,22666,22685,22689],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22599,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22601,9757],{"class":37},[31,22603,89],{"class":88},[31,22605,11082],{"class":41},[31,22607,260],{"class":259},[31,22609,2750],{"class":263},[31,22611,260],{"class":259},[31,22613,48],{"class":41},[31,22615,6082],{"class":95},[31,22617,99],{"class":41},[31,22619,271],{"class":259},[31,22621,12339],{"class":263},[31,22623,260],{"class":259},[31,22625,48],{"class":41},[31,22627,3571],{"class":95},[31,22629,9900],{"class":41},[31,22631,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22633,9807],{"class":37},[31,22635,89],{"class":88},[31,22637,15164],{"class":37},[31,22639,70],{"class":41},[31,22641,8397],{"class":140},[31,22643,1772],{"class":41},[31,22645,22646],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,22647,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22649,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,22651,134],{"class":133},[31,22653,137],{"class":41},[31,22655,8682],{"class":1561},[31,22657,137],{"class":41},[31,22659,9853],{"class":140},[31,22661,1569],{"class":41},[31,22663,22664],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,22665,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22667,22668,22670,22672,22674,22677,22679,22681,22683],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,22669,9796],{"class":37},[31,22671,42],{"class":41},[31,22673,260],{"class":259},[31,22675,22676],{"class":263},"z",[31,22678,260],{"class":259},[31,22680,13870],{"class":41},[31,22682,13873],{"class":88},[31,22684,3153],{"class":95},[31,22686,22687],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,22688,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22690,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,22692,134],{"class":133},[31,22694,137],{"class":41},[31,22696,8682],{"class":1561},[31,22698,137],{"class":41},[31,22700,9853],{"class":140},[31,22702,1569],{"class":41},[14,22704,22705],{},[67,22706,358],{},[21,22708,22710],{"className":23,"code":22709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[28,22711,22712,22742],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22715,22339],{"class":41},[31,22717,370],{"class":259},[31,22719,2750],{"class":263},[31,22721,370],{"class":259},[31,22723,99],{"class":41},[31,22725,6082],{"class":95},[31,22727,9825],{"class":41},[31,22729,92],{"class":41},[31,22731,370],{"class":259},[31,22733,12339],{"class":263},[31,22735,370],{"class":259},[31,22737,99],{"class":41},[31,22739,3571],{"class":95},[31,22741,9840],{"class":41},[31,22743,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22745,22339],{"class":41},[31,22747,370],{"class":259},[31,22749,2750],{"class":263},[31,22751,370],{"class":259},[31,22753,99],{"class":41},[31,22755,6082],{"class":95},[31,22757,9825],{"class":41},[31,22759,92],{"class":41},[31,22761,370],{"class":259},[31,22763,12339],{"class":263},[31,22765,370],{"class":259},[31,22767,99],{"class":41},[31,22769,3571],{"class":95},[31,22771,9825],{"class":41},[31,22773,92],{"class":41},[31,22775,370],{"class":259},[31,22777,22676],{"class":263},[31,22779,370],{"class":259},[31,22781,99],{"class":41},[31,22783,3027],{"class":95},[31,22785,9840],{"class":41},[14,22787,22788,22789,22791],{},"This happens because ",[28,22790,9853],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[72,22793,22795,22796],{"id":22794},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[28,22797,17676],{},[14,22799,22800,22801,48],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[28,22802,17676],{},[21,22804,22806],{"className":23,"code":22805,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[28,22807,22808,22861,22865,22885],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22809,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22811,13459],{"class":37},[31,22813,89],{"class":88},[31,22815,11082],{"class":41},[31,22817,260],{"class":259},[31,22819,8256],{"class":263},[31,22821,260],{"class":259},[31,22823,48],{"class":41},[31,22825,271],{"class":259},[31,22827,8509],{"class":263},[31,22829,260],{"class":259},[31,22831,99],{"class":41},[31,22833,271],{"class":259},[31,22835,20490],{"class":263},[31,22837,260],{"class":259},[31,22839,48],{"class":41},[31,22841,271],{"class":259},[31,22843,22844],{"class":263},"A",[31,22846,260],{"class":259},[31,22848,99],{"class":41},[31,22850,271],{"class":259},[31,22852,9890],{"class":263},[31,22854,260],{"class":259},[31,22856,48],{"class":41},[31,22858,14455],{"class":95},[31,22860,9900],{"class":41},[31,22862,22863],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22864,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,22866,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,22868,6543],{"class":4457},[31,22870,22178],{"class":37},[31,22872,99],{"class":41},[31,22874,22183],{"class":37},[31,22876,4464],{"class":4457},[31,22878,13502],{"class":37},[31,22880,70],{"class":41},[31,22882,8397],{"class":140},[31,22884,22194],{"class":41},[31,22886,22887,22889,22891,22894,22896,22898,22900,22903,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,22888,8657],{"class":133},[31,22890,137],{"class":41},[31,22892,22893],{"class":1596},"f",[31,22895,260],{"class":263},[31,22897,9869],{"class":95},[31,22899,15439],{"class":140},[31,22901,22902],{"class":95},"}",[31,22904,22905],{"class":263},": ",[31,22907,9869],{"class":95},[31,22909,3049],{"class":140},[31,22911,22902],{"class":95},[31,22913,260],{"class":263},[31,22915,120],{"class":41},[14,22917,22918],{},[67,22919,358],{},[21,22921,22923],{"className":23,"code":22922,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[28,22924,22925,22934,22943],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22926,22927,22929,22931],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22928,8256],{"class":37},[31,22930,48],{"class":41},[31,22932,22933],{"class":37}," Mia\n",[31,22935,22936,22938,22940],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,22937,20490],{"class":37},[31,22939,48],{"class":41},[31,22941,22942],{"class":37}," A\n",[31,22944,22945,22947,22949],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,22946,9890],{"class":37},[31,22948,48],{"class":41},[31,22950,22951],{"class":95}," 14\n",[14,22953,22954],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[21,22956,22958],{"className":23,"code":22957,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[28,22959,22960,23012,23016,23028],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,22961,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,22963,13459],{"class":37},[31,22965,89],{"class":88},[31,22967,11082],{"class":41},[31,22969,260],{"class":259},[31,22971,8256],{"class":263},[31,22973,260],{"class":259},[31,22975,48],{"class":41},[31,22977,271],{"class":259},[31,22979,8509],{"class":263},[31,22981,260],{"class":259},[31,22983,99],{"class":41},[31,22985,271],{"class":259},[31,22987,20490],{"class":263},[31,22989,260],{"class":259},[31,22991,48],{"class":41},[31,22993,271],{"class":259},[31,22995,22844],{"class":263},[31,22997,260],{"class":259},[31,22999,99],{"class":41},[31,23001,271],{"class":259},[31,23003,9890],{"class":263},[31,23005,260],{"class":259},[31,23007,48],{"class":41},[31,23009,14455],{"class":95},[31,23011,9900],{"class":41},[31,23013,23014],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23015,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23017,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23019,6543],{"class":4457},[31,23021,18808],{"class":37},[31,23023,4464],{"class":4457},[31,23025,13502],{"class":37},[31,23027,6978],{"class":41},[31,23029,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,23031,8657],{"class":133},[31,23033,137],{"class":41},[31,23035,22893],{"class":1596},[31,23037,260],{"class":263},[31,23039,9869],{"class":95},[31,23041,15439],{"class":140},[31,23043,22902],{"class":95},[31,23045,22905],{"class":263},[31,23047,9869],{"class":95},[31,23049,14223],{"class":140},[31,23051,42],{"class":41},[31,23053,15439],{"class":140},[31,23055,13870],{"class":41},[31,23057,22902],{"class":95},[31,23059,260],{"class":263},[31,23061,120],{"class":41},[14,23063,7096,23064,23067],{},[28,23065,23066],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,23069,23070,23071,70],{},"For a full guide, see ",[264,23072,23074],{"href":23073},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[72,23076,23078],{"id":23077},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,23080,23081],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[21,23083,23085],{"className":23,"code":23084,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[28,23086,23087,23146,23150,23170,23174],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23088,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23124,23126,23128,23130,23133,23135,23137,23139,23142,23144],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23090,13672],{"class":37},[31,23092,89],{"class":88},[31,23094,11082],{"class":41},[31,23096,260],{"class":259},[31,23098,4660],{"class":263},[31,23100,260],{"class":259},[31,23102,48],{"class":41},[31,23104,271],{"class":259},[31,23106,13689],{"class":263},[31,23108,260],{"class":259},[31,23110,99],{"class":41},[31,23112,271],{"class":259},[31,23114,4669],{"class":263},[31,23116,260],{"class":259},[31,23118,48],{"class":41},[31,23120,271],{"class":259},[31,23122,23123],{"class":263},"yellow",[31,23125,260],{"class":259},[31,23127,99],{"class":41},[31,23129,271],{"class":259},[31,23131,23132],{"class":263},"grape",[31,23134,260],{"class":259},[31,23136,48],{"class":41},[31,23138,271],{"class":259},[31,23140,23141],{"class":263},"purple",[31,23143,260],{"class":259},[31,23145,9900],{"class":41},[31,23147,23148],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23149,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23151,23152,23155,23157,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23153,23154],{"class":37},"pairs_list ",[31,23156,89],{"class":88},[31,23158,23159],{"class":1561}," list",[31,23161,137],{"class":41},[31,23163,18101],{"class":140},[31,23165,70],{"class":41},[31,23167,8397],{"class":140},[31,23169,7781],{"class":41},[31,23171,23172],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,23173,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23175,23176,23178,23180,23183],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,23177,134],{"class":133},[31,23179,137],{"class":41},[31,23181,23182],{"class":140},"pairs_list",[31,23184,120],{"class":41},[14,23186,23187],{},[67,23188,358],{},[21,23190,23192],{"className":23,"code":23191,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[28,23193,23194],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23195,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23197,22339],{"class":41},[31,23199,370],{"class":259},[31,23201,4660],{"class":263},[31,23203,370],{"class":259},[31,23205,99],{"class":41},[31,23207,379],{"class":259},[31,23209,13689],{"class":263},[31,23211,370],{"class":259},[31,23213,9825],{"class":41},[31,23215,92],{"class":41},[31,23217,370],{"class":259},[31,23219,4669],{"class":263},[31,23221,370],{"class":259},[31,23223,99],{"class":41},[31,23225,379],{"class":259},[31,23227,23123],{"class":263},[31,23229,370],{"class":259},[31,23231,9825],{"class":41},[31,23233,92],{"class":41},[31,23235,370],{"class":259},[31,23237,23132],{"class":263},[31,23239,370],{"class":259},[31,23241,99],{"class":41},[31,23243,379],{"class":259},[31,23245,23141],{"class":263},[31,23247,370],{"class":259},[31,23249,9840],{"class":41},[14,23251,23252],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,23254,23255],{},"Use this when:",[228,23257,23258,23261,23264],{},[231,23259,23260],{},"You want clearer printed output",[231,23262,23263],{},"You need list behavior",[231,23265,23266],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[72,23268,23270,11177,23272,11177,23274],{"id":23269},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[28,23271,17676],{},[28,23273,17663],{},[28,23275,17669],{},[14,23277,23278],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[228,23280,23281,23286,23291],{},[231,23282,23283,23285],{},[28,23284,17676],{}," gives both key and value",[231,23287,23288,23290],{},[28,23289,17663],{}," gives only keys",[231,23292,23293,23295],{},[28,23294,17669],{}," gives only values",[14,23297,242],{},[21,23299,23301],{"className":23,"code":23300,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[28,23302,23303,23339,23343,23361,23379],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23304,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23306,13801],{"class":37},[31,23308,89],{"class":88},[31,23310,11082],{"class":41},[31,23312,260],{"class":259},[31,23314,8256],{"class":263},[31,23316,260],{"class":259},[31,23318,48],{"class":41},[31,23320,271],{"class":259},[31,23322,13476],{"class":263},[31,23324,260],{"class":259},[31,23326,99],{"class":41},[31,23328,271],{"class":259},[31,23330,9890],{"class":263},[31,23332,260],{"class":259},[31,23334,48],{"class":41},[31,23336,9897],{"class":95},[31,23338,9900],{"class":41},[31,23340,23341],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23342,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23344,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23346,134],{"class":133},[31,23348,137],{"class":41},[31,23350,8682],{"class":1561},[31,23352,137],{"class":41},[31,23354,17905],{"class":140},[31,23356,70],{"class":41},[31,23358,17521],{"class":140},[31,23360,6874],{"class":41},[31,23362,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,23364,134],{"class":133},[31,23366,137],{"class":41},[31,23368,8682],{"class":1561},[31,23370,137],{"class":41},[31,23372,17905],{"class":140},[31,23374,70],{"class":41},[31,23376,5942],{"class":140},[31,23378,6874],{"class":41},[31,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,23382,134],{"class":133},[31,23384,137],{"class":41},[31,23386,8682],{"class":1561},[31,23388,137],{"class":41},[31,23390,17905],{"class":140},[31,23392,70],{"class":41},[31,23394,8397],{"class":140},[31,23396,6874],{"class":41},[14,23398,23399],{},[67,23400,358],{},[21,23402,23404],{"className":23,"code":23403,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[28,23405,23406,23426,23442],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23407,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23409,42],{"class":41},[31,23411,370],{"class":259},[31,23413,8256],{"class":263},[31,23415,370],{"class":259},[31,23417,99],{"class":41},[31,23419,379],{"class":259},[31,23421,9890],{"class":263},[31,23423,370],{"class":259},[31,23425,59],{"class":41},[31,23427,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23429,42],{"class":41},[31,23431,370],{"class":259},[31,23433,13476],{"class":263},[31,23435,370],{"class":259},[31,23437,99],{"class":41},[31,23439,9897],{"class":95},[31,23441,59],{"class":41},[31,23443,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23445,22339],{"class":41},[31,23447,370],{"class":259},[31,23449,8256],{"class":263},[31,23451,370],{"class":259},[31,23453,99],{"class":41},[31,23455,379],{"class":259},[31,23457,13476],{"class":263},[31,23459,370],{"class":259},[31,23461,9825],{"class":41},[31,23463,92],{"class":41},[31,23465,370],{"class":259},[31,23467,9890],{"class":263},[31,23469,370],{"class":259},[31,23471,99],{"class":41},[31,23473,9897],{"class":95},[31,23475,9840],{"class":41},[14,23477,23478],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[228,23480,23481,23489,23497],{},[231,23482,23483,23484],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[264,23485,23487],{"href":23486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[28,23488,17663],{},[231,23490,23491,23492],{},"Need just values? Use ",[264,23493,23495],{"href":23494},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[28,23496,17669],{},[231,23498,23499,23500],{},"Need both together? Use ",[28,23501,17676],{},[72,23503,5544,23505],{"id":23504},"when-to-use-items",[28,23506,17676],{},[14,23508,23509,23511],{},[28,23510,17676],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[228,23513,23514,23517,23520,23523,23526],{},[231,23515,23516],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[231,23518,23519],{},"Building formatted output",[231,23521,23522],{},"Looping through settings and values",[231,23524,23525],{},"Showing names with scores",[231,23527,23528],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23530,242],{},[21,23532,23534],{"className":23,"code":23533,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[28,23535,23536,23544,23562,23581,23593,23597,23601,23622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23537,23538,23540,23542],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23539,14423],{"class":37},[31,23541,89],{"class":88},[31,23543,12086],{"class":41},[31,23545,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23547,12091],{"class":259},[31,23549,13089],{"class":263},[31,23551,260],{"class":259},[31,23553,48],{"class":41},[31,23555,271],{"class":259},[31,23557,13098],{"class":263},[31,23559,260],{"class":259},[31,23561,12107],{"class":41},[31,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23577,23579],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23565,12091],{"class":259},[31,23567,20722],{"class":263},[31,23569,260],{"class":259},[31,23571,48],{"class":41},[31,23573,271],{"class":259},[31,23575,23576],{"class":263},"English",[31,23578,260],{"class":259},[31,23580,12107],{"class":41},[31,23582,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,23584,12091],{"class":259},[31,23586,19124],{"class":263},[31,23588,260],{"class":259},[31,23590,48],{"class":41},[31,23592,7008],{"class":4432},[31,23594,23595],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,23596,9900],{"class":41},[31,23598,23599],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,23600,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23602,23603,23605,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,23604,6543],{"class":4457},[31,23606,23607],{"class":37}," setting",[31,23609,99],{"class":41},[31,23611,22183],{"class":37},[31,23613,4464],{"class":4457},[31,23615,14467],{"class":37},[31,23617,70],{"class":41},[31,23619,8397],{"class":140},[31,23621,22194],{"class":41},[31,23623,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23637,23639,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,23625,8657],{"class":133},[31,23627,137],{"class":41},[31,23629,22893],{"class":1596},[31,23631,260],{"class":263},[31,23633,9869],{"class":95},[31,23635,23636],{"class":140},"setting",[31,23638,22902],{"class":95},[31,23640,23641],{"class":263}," = ",[31,23643,9869],{"class":95},[31,23645,3049],{"class":140},[31,23647,22902],{"class":95},[31,23649,260],{"class":263},[31,23651,120],{"class":41},[14,23653,23654],{},[67,23655,358],{},[21,23657,23659],{"className":23,"code":23658,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[28,23660,23661,23671,23681],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23662,23663,23666,23668],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23664,23665],{"class":37},"theme ",[31,23667,89],{"class":88},[31,23669,23670],{"class":37}," dark\n",[31,23672,23673,23676,23678],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23674,23675],{"class":37},"language ",[31,23677,89],{"class":88},[31,23679,23680],{"class":37}," English\n",[31,23682,23683,23686,23688],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23684,23685],{"class":37},"notifications ",[31,23687,89],{"class":88},[31,23689,7008],{"class":4432},[72,23691,3407],{"id":3406},[14,23693,23694,23695,70],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[28,23696,17676],{},[613,23698,23700,23701,23703],{"id":23699},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[28,23702,17676],{}," incorrectly",[14,23705,23706,23707,23709,23710,23713],{},"Each result from ",[28,23708,17676],{}," has ",[67,23711,23712],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23715,7274],{},[21,23717,23718],{"className":23,"code":22129,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,23719,23720,23756,23760,23780],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23721,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23723,13801],{"class":37},[31,23725,89],{"class":88},[31,23727,11082],{"class":41},[31,23729,260],{"class":259},[31,23731,8256],{"class":263},[31,23733,260],{"class":259},[31,23735,48],{"class":41},[31,23737,271],{"class":259},[31,23739,13476],{"class":263},[31,23741,260],{"class":259},[31,23743,99],{"class":41},[31,23745,271],{"class":259},[31,23747,9890],{"class":263},[31,23749,260],{"class":259},[31,23751,48],{"class":41},[31,23753,9897],{"class":95},[31,23755,9900],{"class":41},[31,23757,23758],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23759,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23761,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23763,6543],{"class":4457},[31,23765,22178],{"class":37},[31,23767,99],{"class":41},[31,23769,22183],{"class":37},[31,23771,4464],{"class":4457},[31,23773,13844],{"class":37},[31,23775,70],{"class":41},[31,23777,8397],{"class":140},[31,23779,22194],{"class":41},[31,23781,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,23783,8657],{"class":133},[31,23785,137],{"class":41},[31,23787,15439],{"class":140},[31,23789,99],{"class":41},[31,23791,9023],{"class":140},[31,23793,120],{"class":41},[14,23795,23796],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[21,23798,23800],{"className":23,"code":23799,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[28,23801,23802,23838,23842,23858],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23803,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23805,13801],{"class":37},[31,23807,89],{"class":88},[31,23809,11082],{"class":41},[31,23811,260],{"class":259},[31,23813,8256],{"class":263},[31,23815,260],{"class":259},[31,23817,48],{"class":41},[31,23819,271],{"class":259},[31,23821,13476],{"class":263},[31,23823,260],{"class":259},[31,23825,99],{"class":41},[31,23827,271],{"class":259},[31,23829,9890],{"class":263},[31,23831,260],{"class":259},[31,23833,48],{"class":41},[31,23835,9897],{"class":95},[31,23837,9900],{"class":41},[31,23839,23840],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23841,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,23843,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,23845,6543],{"class":4457},[31,23847,18808],{"class":37},[31,23849,4464],{"class":4457},[31,23851,13844],{"class":37},[31,23853,70],{"class":41},[31,23855,8397],{"class":140},[31,23857,22194],{"class":41},[31,23859,23860,23862,23864,23866],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,23861,8657],{"class":133},[31,23863,137],{"class":41},[31,23865,15439],{"class":140},[31,23867,120],{"class":41},[14,23869,23870,23871,23873,23874,23877],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[28,23872,15439],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[28,23875,23876],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23879,23880],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[21,23882,23884],{"className":23,"code":23883,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[28,23885,23886,23902],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23887,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23889,6543],{"class":4457},[31,23891,6546],{"class":37},[31,23893,4464],{"class":4457},[31,23895,13844],{"class":37},[31,23897,70],{"class":41},[31,23899,8397],{"class":140},[31,23901,22194],{"class":41},[31,23903,23904,23906,23908,23911],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23905,8657],{"class":133},[31,23907,137],{"class":41},[31,23909,23910],{"class":140},"item",[31,23912,120],{"class":41},[14,23914,23915],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[21,23917,23919],{"className":23,"code":23918,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[28,23920,23921,23941],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23922,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23924,6543],{"class":4457},[31,23926,22178],{"class":37},[31,23928,99],{"class":41},[31,23930,22183],{"class":37},[31,23932,4464],{"class":4457},[31,23934,13844],{"class":37},[31,23936,70],{"class":41},[31,23938,8397],{"class":140},[31,23940,22194],{"class":41},[31,23942,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,23944,8657],{"class":133},[31,23946,137],{"class":41},[31,23948,15439],{"class":140},[31,23950,99],{"class":41},[31,23952,9023],{"class":140},[31,23954,120],{"class":41},[613,23956,9043,23958,23960],{"id":23957},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[28,23959,17676],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23962,23963,22574,23965,23967],{},[28,23964,17676],{},[28,23966,22507],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23969,23970],{},"Check it:",[21,23972,23974],{"className":23,"code":23973,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[28,23975,23976,24008,24012,24026,24044],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,23977,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,23979,12318],{"class":37},[31,23981,89],{"class":88},[31,23983,11082],{"class":41},[31,23985,260],{"class":259},[31,23987,264],{"class":263},[31,23989,260],{"class":259},[31,23991,48],{"class":41},[31,23993,6082],{"class":95},[31,23995,99],{"class":41},[31,23997,271],{"class":259},[31,23999,274],{"class":263},[31,24001,260],{"class":259},[31,24003,48],{"class":41},[31,24005,3571],{"class":95},[31,24007,9900],{"class":41},[31,24009,24010],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24011,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24013,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24015,134],{"class":133},[31,24017,137],{"class":41},[31,24019,12042],{"class":140},[31,24021,70],{"class":41},[31,24023,8397],{"class":140},[31,24025,7781],{"class":41},[31,24027,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,24029,134],{"class":133},[31,24031,137],{"class":41},[31,24033,1562],{"class":1561},[31,24035,137],{"class":41},[31,24037,12042],{"class":140},[31,24039,70],{"class":41},[31,24041,8397],{"class":140},[31,24043,6874],{"class":41},[31,24045,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,24047,134],{"class":133},[31,24049,137],{"class":41},[31,24051,8682],{"class":1561},[31,24053,137],{"class":41},[31,24055,12042],{"class":140},[31,24057,70],{"class":41},[31,24059,8397],{"class":140},[31,24061,6874],{"class":41},[14,24063,24064],{},[67,24065,358],{},[21,24067,24069],{"className":23,"code":24068,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[28,24070,24071,24103,24117],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24072,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24074,22507],{"class":140},[31,24076,10249],{"class":41},[31,24078,370],{"class":259},[31,24080,264],{"class":263},[31,24082,370],{"class":259},[31,24084,99],{"class":41},[31,24086,6082],{"class":95},[31,24088,9825],{"class":41},[31,24090,92],{"class":41},[31,24092,370],{"class":259},[31,24094,274],{"class":263},[31,24096,370],{"class":259},[31,24098,99],{"class":41},[31,24100,3571],{"class":95},[31,24102,11271],{"class":41},[31,24104,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24106,1593],{"class":88},[31,24108,1597],{"class":1596},[31,24110,379],{"class":259},[31,24112,22507],{"class":263},[31,24114,370],{"class":259},[31,24116,1606],{"class":88},[31,24118,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24120,22339],{"class":41},[31,24122,370],{"class":259},[31,24124,264],{"class":263},[31,24126,370],{"class":259},[31,24128,99],{"class":41},[31,24130,6082],{"class":95},[31,24132,9825],{"class":41},[31,24134,92],{"class":41},[31,24136,370],{"class":259},[31,24138,274],{"class":263},[31,24140,370],{"class":259},[31,24142,99],{"class":41},[31,24144,3571],{"class":95},[31,24146,9840],{"class":41},[613,24148,24150,24151],{"id":24149},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[28,24152,17676],{},[14,24154,24155],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,24157,24158],{},"Problem example:",[21,24160,24162],{"className":23,"code":24161,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[28,24163,24164,24208,24212,24232,24244],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24165,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24167,85],{"class":37},[31,24169,89],{"class":88},[31,24171,11082],{"class":41},[31,24173,260],{"class":259},[31,24175,264],{"class":263},[31,24177,260],{"class":259},[31,24179,48],{"class":41},[31,24181,6082],{"class":95},[31,24183,99],{"class":41},[31,24185,271],{"class":259},[31,24187,274],{"class":263},[31,24189,260],{"class":259},[31,24191,48],{"class":41},[31,24193,3571],{"class":95},[31,24195,99],{"class":41},[31,24197,271],{"class":259},[31,24199,283],{"class":263},[31,24201,260],{"class":259},[31,24203,48],{"class":41},[31,24205,3027],{"class":95},[31,24207,9900],{"class":41},[31,24209,24210],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24211,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24213,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24215,6543],{"class":4457},[31,24217,22178],{"class":37},[31,24219,99],{"class":41},[31,24221,22183],{"class":37},[31,24223,4464],{"class":4457},[31,24225,1527],{"class":37},[31,24227,70],{"class":41},[31,24229,8397],{"class":140},[31,24231,22194],{"class":41},[31,24233,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,24235,6983],{"class":4457},[31,24237,22183],{"class":37},[31,24239,5271],{"class":88},[31,24241,3571],{"class":95},[31,24243,6978],{"class":41},[31,24245,24246,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,24247,24248],{"class":37},"        numbers",[31,24250,42],{"class":41},[31,24252,260],{"class":259},[31,24254,292],{"class":263},[31,24256,260],{"class":259},[31,24258,13870],{"class":41},[31,24260,13873],{"class":88},[31,24262,24263],{"class":95}," 4\n",[14,24265,24266],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,24268,24269],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[21,24271,24273],{"className":23,"code":24272,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,24274,24275,24319,24323,24348,24360,24378,24382],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24276,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24278,85],{"class":37},[31,24280,89],{"class":88},[31,24282,11082],{"class":41},[31,24284,260],{"class":259},[31,24286,264],{"class":263},[31,24288,260],{"class":259},[31,24290,48],{"class":41},[31,24292,6082],{"class":95},[31,24294,99],{"class":41},[31,24296,271],{"class":259},[31,24298,274],{"class":263},[31,24300,260],{"class":259},[31,24302,48],{"class":41},[31,24304,3571],{"class":95},[31,24306,99],{"class":41},[31,24308,271],{"class":259},[31,24310,283],{"class":263},[31,24312,260],{"class":259},[31,24314,48],{"class":41},[31,24316,3027],{"class":95},[31,24318,9900],{"class":41},[31,24320,24321],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24322,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24324,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24326,6543],{"class":4457},[31,24328,22178],{"class":37},[31,24330,99],{"class":41},[31,24332,22183],{"class":37},[31,24334,4464],{"class":4457},[31,24336,23159],{"class":1561},[31,24338,137],{"class":41},[31,24340,141],{"class":140},[31,24342,70],{"class":41},[31,24344,8397],{"class":140},[31,24346,24347],{"class":41},"()):\n",[31,24349,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,24351,6983],{"class":4457},[31,24353,22183],{"class":37},[31,24355,5271],{"class":88},[31,24357,3571],{"class":95},[31,24359,6978],{"class":41},[31,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,24363,24248],{"class":37},[31,24365,42],{"class":41},[31,24367,260],{"class":259},[31,24369,292],{"class":263},[31,24371,260],{"class":259},[31,24373,13870],{"class":41},[31,24375,13873],{"class":88},[31,24377,24263],{"class":95},[31,24379,24380],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,24381,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24383,24384,24386,24388,24390],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,24385,134],{"class":133},[31,24387,137],{"class":41},[31,24389,141],{"class":140},[31,24391,120],{"class":41},[613,24393,24395],{"id":24394},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,24397,24398],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[21,24400,24402],{"className":23,"code":24401,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[28,24403,24404,24436,24440,24456],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24405,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24407,9757],{"class":37},[31,24409,89],{"class":88},[31,24411,11082],{"class":41},[31,24413,260],{"class":259},[31,24415,2750],{"class":263},[31,24417,260],{"class":259},[31,24419,48],{"class":41},[31,24421,1026],{"class":95},[31,24423,99],{"class":41},[31,24425,271],{"class":259},[31,24427,12339],{"class":263},[31,24429,260],{"class":259},[31,24431,48],{"class":41},[31,24433,102],{"class":95},[31,24435,9900],{"class":41},[31,24437,24438],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24439,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24441,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24443,6543],{"class":4457},[31,24445,6546],{"class":37},[31,24447,4464],{"class":4457},[31,24449,15164],{"class":37},[31,24451,70],{"class":41},[31,24453,8397],{"class":140},[31,24455,22194],{"class":41},[31,24457,24458,24460,24462,24464],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,24459,8657],{"class":133},[31,24461,137],{"class":41},[31,24463,23910],{"class":140},[31,24465,120],{"class":41},[14,24467,24468],{},[67,24469,358],{},[21,24471,24473],{"className":23,"code":24472,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[28,24474,24475,24491],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24476,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24478,137],{"class":41},[31,24480,370],{"class":259},[31,24482,2750],{"class":263},[31,24484,370],{"class":259},[31,24486,99],{"class":41},[31,24488,1026],{"class":95},[31,24490,120],{"class":41},[31,24492,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24494,137],{"class":41},[31,24496,370],{"class":259},[31,24498,12339],{"class":263},[31,24500,370],{"class":259},[31,24502,99],{"class":41},[31,24504,102],{"class":95},[31,24506,120],{"class":41},[14,24508,24509,24510,24512],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[28,24511,22254],{}," pair.",[72,24514,2435],{"id":2434},[613,24516,24518,24519,5727],{"id":24517},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[28,24520,17676],{},[14,24522,18020,24523,24525],{},[28,24524,22507],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[613,24527,13299,24529,24531],{"id":24528},"does-items-return-a-list",[28,24530,17676],{}," return a list?",[14,24533,24534,24535,24538],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[28,24536,24537],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[613,24540,24542,24543,2466],{"id":24541},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[28,24544,17676],{},[14,24546,24547],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[21,24549,24551],{"className":23,"code":24550,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[28,24552,24553,24573],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24554,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24556,6543],{"class":4457},[31,24558,22178],{"class":37},[31,24560,99],{"class":41},[31,24562,22183],{"class":37},[31,24564,4464],{"class":4457},[31,24566,12360],{"class":37},[31,24568,70],{"class":41},[31,24570,8397],{"class":140},[31,24572,22194],{"class":41},[31,24574,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24576,8657],{"class":133},[31,24578,137],{"class":41},[31,24580,15439],{"class":140},[31,24582,99],{"class":41},[31,24584,9023],{"class":140},[31,24586,120],{"class":41},[613,24588,13299,24590,24592],{"id":24589},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[28,24591,17676],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24594,24595],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[72,24597,2475],{"id":2474},[228,24599,24600,24606,24612,24617,24621],{},[231,24601,24602],{},[264,24603,11329,24604,11333],{"href":23486},[28,24605,17663],{},[231,24607,24608],{},[264,24609,11329,24610,11333],{"href":23494},[28,24611,17669],{},[231,24613,24614],{},[264,24615,24616],{"href":23073},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[231,24618,24619],{},[264,24620,9747],{"href":13619},[231,24622,24623],{},[264,24624,24625],{"href":22377},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2499,24627,24628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":24630},[24631,24632,24634,24635,24636,24638,24639,24641,24643,24652,24662],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":22237,"depth":123,"text":24633},"What items() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":22568,"depth":123,"text":22569},{"id":22794,"depth":123,"text":24637},"Looping with items()",{"id":23077,"depth":123,"text":23078},{"id":23269,"depth":123,"text":24640},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23504,"depth":123,"text":24642},"When to use items()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":24644},[24645,24647,24649,24651],{"id":23699,"depth":130,"text":24646},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23957,"depth":130,"text":24648},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24149,"depth":130,"text":24650},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24394,"depth":130,"text":24395},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":24653},[24654,24656,24658,24660],{"id":24517,"depth":130,"text":24655},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24528,"depth":130,"text":24657},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24541,"depth":130,"text":24659},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24589,"depth":130,"text":24661},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22105,"description":24663},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24670,"title":24671,"body":24672,"description":26763,"extension":2542,"meta":26764,"navigation":126,"path":23486,"seo":26765,"stem":26766,"__hash__":26767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24673,"toc":26729},[24674,24679,24685,24688,24699,24706,24708,24791,24795,24842,24847,24852,24857,24859,24875,24877,24976,24980,25037,25040,25042,25045,25138,25142,25205,25208,25224,25229,25231,25233,25248,25250,25261,25263,25306,25309,25353,25356,25358,25365,25368,25385,25387,25480,25484,25525,25537,25541,25544,25632,25636,25656,25659,25686,25693,25698,25702,25713,25715,25819,25823,25849,25852,25919,25924,25927,25950,25955,25959,25964,25970,25975,25977,26032,26036,26063,26070,26076,26079,26104,26110,26136,26139,26214,26221,26226,26228,26267,26285,26289,26292,26335,26338,26340,26359,26361,26366,26391,26394,26464,26467,26540,26544,26546,26607,26610,26626,26628,26633,26638,26645,26654,26660,26666,26673,26679,26683,26688,26690,26726],[10,24675,11910,24677,11914],{"id":24676},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[28,24678,17663],{},[14,24680,24681,24682,24684],{},"The Python dictionary ",[28,24683,17663],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24686,24687],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[228,24689,24690,24693,24696],{},[231,24691,24692],{},"view the available keys",[231,24694,24695],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[231,24697,24698],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24700,24701,24703,24704,70],{},[28,24702,17663],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[28,24705,17612],{},[72,24707,75],{"id":74},[21,24709,24711],{"className":23,"code":24710,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[28,24712,24713,24749,24763,24767,24777],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24714,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24716,13459],{"class":37},[31,24718,89],{"class":88},[31,24720,11082],{"class":41},[31,24722,260],{"class":259},[31,24724,8256],{"class":263},[31,24726,260],{"class":259},[31,24728,48],{"class":41},[31,24730,271],{"class":259},[31,24732,13476],{"class":263},[31,24734,260],{"class":259},[31,24736,99],{"class":41},[31,24738,271],{"class":259},[31,24740,9890],{"class":263},[31,24742,260],{"class":259},[31,24744,48],{"class":41},[31,24746,102],{"class":95},[31,24748,9900],{"class":41},[31,24750,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24752,17840],{"class":37},[31,24754,89],{"class":88},[31,24756,13502],{"class":37},[31,24758,70],{"class":41},[31,24760,17521],{"class":140},[31,24762,1772],{"class":41},[31,24764,24765],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24766,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24768,24769,24771,24773,24775],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,24770,134],{"class":133},[31,24772,137],{"class":41},[31,24774,17521],{"class":140},[31,24776,120],{"class":41},[31,24778,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,24780,134],{"class":133},[31,24782,137],{"class":41},[31,24784,8682],{"class":1561},[31,24786,137],{"class":41},[31,24788,17521],{"class":140},[31,24790,1569],{"class":41},[14,24792,24793],{},[67,24794,358],{},[21,24796,24798],{"className":23,"code":24797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[28,24799,24800,24822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24801,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24803,17612],{"class":140},[31,24805,3564],{"class":41},[31,24807,370],{"class":259},[31,24809,8256],{"class":263},[31,24811,370],{"class":259},[31,24813,99],{"class":41},[31,24815,379],{"class":259},[31,24817,9890],{"class":263},[31,24819,370],{"class":259},[31,24821,566],{"class":41},[31,24823,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24825,42],{"class":41},[31,24827,370],{"class":259},[31,24829,8256],{"class":263},[31,24831,370],{"class":259},[31,24833,99],{"class":41},[31,24835,379],{"class":259},[31,24837,9890],{"class":263},[31,24839,370],{"class":259},[31,24841,59],{"class":41},[14,24843,2668,24844,24846],{},[28,24845,17663],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[72,24848,4255,24850,4258],{"id":24849},"what-keys-does",[28,24851,17663],{},[14,24853,24854,24856],{},[28,24855,17663],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24858,12051],{},[228,24860,24861,24864,24867,24872],{},[231,24862,24863],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[231,24865,24866],{},"It does not need any arguments",[231,24868,18020,24869,24871],{},[28,24870,17612],{}," view object, not a list",[231,24873,24874],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24876,242],{},[21,24878,24880],{"className":23,"code":24879,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[28,24881,24882,24918,24922,24936,24940,24962],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24883,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24885,13801],{"class":37},[31,24887,89],{"class":88},[31,24889,11082],{"class":41},[31,24891,260],{"class":259},[31,24893,8256],{"class":263},[31,24895,260],{"class":259},[31,24897,48],{"class":41},[31,24899,271],{"class":259},[31,24901,13818],{"class":263},[31,24903,260],{"class":259},[31,24905,99],{"class":41},[31,24907,271],{"class":259},[31,24909,9890],{"class":263},[31,24911,260],{"class":259},[31,24913,48],{"class":41},[31,24915,9897],{"class":95},[31,24917,9900],{"class":41},[31,24919,24920],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,24921,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24923,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,24925,134],{"class":133},[31,24927,137],{"class":41},[31,24929,17905],{"class":140},[31,24931,70],{"class":41},[31,24933,17521],{"class":140},[31,24935,7781],{"class":41},[31,24937,24938],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,24939,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,24941,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,24943,17905],{"class":37},[31,24945,42],{"class":41},[31,24947,260],{"class":259},[31,24949,11000],{"class":263},[31,24951,260],{"class":259},[31,24953,13870],{"class":41},[31,24955,13873],{"class":88},[31,24957,271],{"class":259},[31,24959,11007],{"class":263},[31,24961,3934],{"class":259},[31,24963,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,24965,134],{"class":133},[31,24967,137],{"class":41},[31,24969,17905],{"class":140},[31,24971,70],{"class":41},[31,24973,17521],{"class":140},[31,24975,7781],{"class":41},[14,24977,24978],{},[67,24979,358],{},[21,24981,24983],{"className":23,"code":24982,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[28,24984,24985,25007],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,24986,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,24988,17612],{"class":140},[31,24990,3564],{"class":41},[31,24992,370],{"class":259},[31,24994,8256],{"class":263},[31,24996,370],{"class":259},[31,24998,99],{"class":41},[31,25000,379],{"class":259},[31,25002,9890],{"class":263},[31,25004,370],{"class":259},[31,25006,566],{"class":41},[31,25008,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25010,17612],{"class":140},[31,25012,3564],{"class":41},[31,25014,370],{"class":259},[31,25016,8256],{"class":263},[31,25018,370],{"class":259},[31,25020,99],{"class":41},[31,25022,379],{"class":259},[31,25024,9890],{"class":263},[31,25026,370],{"class":259},[31,25028,99],{"class":41},[31,25030,379],{"class":259},[31,25032,11000],{"class":263},[31,25034,370],{"class":259},[31,25036,566],{"class":41},[14,25038,25039],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[72,25041,6372],{"id":6371},[14,25043,25044],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[21,25046,25048],{"className":23,"code":25047,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[28,25049,25050,25102,25106,25120],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25051,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25053,9757],{"class":37},[31,25055,89],{"class":88},[31,25057,11082],{"class":41},[31,25059,260],{"class":259},[31,25061,8256],{"class":263},[31,25063,260],{"class":259},[31,25065,48],{"class":41},[31,25067,271],{"class":259},[31,25069,13476],{"class":263},[31,25071,260],{"class":259},[31,25073,99],{"class":41},[31,25075,271],{"class":259},[31,25077,9890],{"class":263},[31,25079,260],{"class":259},[31,25081,48],{"class":41},[31,25083,102],{"class":95},[31,25085,99],{"class":41},[31,25087,271],{"class":259},[31,25089,20490],{"class":263},[31,25091,260],{"class":259},[31,25093,48],{"class":41},[31,25095,271],{"class":259},[31,25097,22844],{"class":263},[31,25099,260],{"class":259},[31,25101,9900],{"class":41},[31,25103,25104],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25105,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,25107,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25109,134],{"class":133},[31,25111,137],{"class":41},[31,25113,9796],{"class":140},[31,25115,70],{"class":41},[31,25117,17521],{"class":140},[31,25119,7781],{"class":41},[31,25121,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,25123,134],{"class":133},[31,25125,137],{"class":41},[31,25127,8682],{"class":1561},[31,25129,137],{"class":41},[31,25131,9796],{"class":140},[31,25133,70],{"class":41},[31,25135,17521],{"class":140},[31,25137,6874],{"class":41},[14,25139,25140],{},[67,25141,358],{},[21,25143,25145],{"className":23,"code":25144,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[28,25146,25147,25177],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25148,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25150,17612],{"class":140},[31,25152,3564],{"class":41},[31,25154,370],{"class":259},[31,25156,8256],{"class":263},[31,25158,370],{"class":259},[31,25160,99],{"class":41},[31,25162,379],{"class":259},[31,25164,9890],{"class":263},[31,25166,370],{"class":259},[31,25168,99],{"class":41},[31,25170,379],{"class":259},[31,25172,20490],{"class":263},[31,25174,370],{"class":259},[31,25176,566],{"class":41},[31,25178,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25180,42],{"class":41},[31,25182,370],{"class":259},[31,25184,8256],{"class":263},[31,25186,370],{"class":259},[31,25188,99],{"class":41},[31,25190,379],{"class":259},[31,25192,9890],{"class":263},[31,25194,370],{"class":259},[31,25196,99],{"class":41},[31,25198,379],{"class":259},[31,25200,20490],{"class":263},[31,25202,370],{"class":259},[31,25204,59],{"class":41},[14,25206,25207],{},"This shows two things:",[228,25209,25210,25218],{},[231,25211,25212,22574,25215,25217],{},[28,25213,25214],{},"data.keys()",[28,25216,17612],{}," object",[231,25219,25220,25223],{},[28,25221,25222],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,25225,9743,25226,70],{},[264,25227,25228],{"href":9982},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[72,25230,6015],{"id":6014},[14,25232,2736],{},[21,25234,25236],{"className":23,"code":25235,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict.keys()\n",[28,25237,25238],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25239,25240,25242,25244,25246],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25241,12042],{"class":37},[31,25243,70],{"class":41},[31,25245,17521],{"class":140},[31,25247,1772],{"class":41},[14,25249,22399],{},[228,25251,25252,25255,25258],{},[231,25253,25254],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[231,25256,25257],{},"It takes no parameters",[231,25259,25260],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,25262,17253],{},[21,25264,25266],{"className":23,"code":25265,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[28,25267,25268,25292],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25269,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25271,13459],{"class":37},[31,25273,89],{"class":88},[31,25275,11082],{"class":41},[31,25277,260],{"class":259},[31,25279,8256],{"class":263},[31,25281,260],{"class":259},[31,25283,48],{"class":41},[31,25285,271],{"class":259},[31,25287,13476],{"class":263},[31,25289,260],{"class":259},[31,25291,9900],{"class":41},[31,25293,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25295,134],{"class":133},[31,25297,137],{"class":41},[31,25299,14223],{"class":140},[31,25301,70],{"class":41},[31,25303,17521],{"class":140},[31,25305,7781],{"class":41},[14,25307,25308],{},"Incorrect:",[21,25310,25312],{"className":23,"code":25311,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[28,25313,25314,25338],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25315,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25317,13459],{"class":37},[31,25319,89],{"class":88},[31,25321,11082],{"class":41},[31,25323,260],{"class":259},[31,25325,8256],{"class":263},[31,25327,260],{"class":259},[31,25329,48],{"class":41},[31,25331,271],{"class":259},[31,25333,13476],{"class":263},[31,25335,260],{"class":259},[31,25337,9900],{"class":41},[31,25339,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25351],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25341,134],{"class":133},[31,25343,137],{"class":41},[31,25345,14223],{"class":140},[31,25347,70],{"class":41},[31,25349,17521],{"class":25350},"skxfh",[31,25352,120],{"class":41},[14,25354,25355],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[72,25357,18017],{"id":18016},[14,25359,25360,22574,25362,25364],{},[28,25361,17663],{},[28,25363,17612],{}," object.",[14,25366,25367],{},"This object:",[228,25369,25370,25373,25376,25382],{},[231,25371,25372],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[231,25374,25375],{},"can be used in a loop",[231,25377,25378,25379],{},"can be converted with ",[28,25380,25381],{},"list()",[231,25383,25384],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,25386,242],{},[21,25388,25390],{"className":23,"code":25389,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,25391,25392,25433,25437,25452,25456,25466],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25393,25394,25397,25399,25401,25403,25406,25408,25410,25412,25415,25417,25419,25421,25424,25426,25428,25431],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25395,25396],{"class":37},"car ",[31,25398,89],{"class":88},[31,25400,11082],{"class":41},[31,25402,260],{"class":259},[31,25404,25405],{"class":263},"brand",[31,25407,260],{"class":259},[31,25409,48],{"class":41},[31,25411,271],{"class":259},[31,25413,25414],{"class":263},"Toyota",[31,25416,260],{"class":259},[31,25418,99],{"class":41},[31,25420,271],{"class":259},[31,25422,25423],{"class":263},"year",[31,25425,260],{"class":259},[31,25427,48],{"class":41},[31,25429,25430],{"class":95}," 2020",[31,25432,9900],{"class":41},[31,25434,25435],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25436,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,25438,25439,25441,25443,25446,25448,25450],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25440,1522],{"class":37},[31,25442,89],{"class":88},[31,25444,25445],{"class":37}," car",[31,25447,70],{"class":41},[31,25449,17521],{"class":140},[31,25451,1772],{"class":41},[31,25453,25454],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,25455,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,25457,25458,25460,25462,25464],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,25459,134],{"class":133},[31,25461,137],{"class":41},[31,25463,1550],{"class":140},[31,25465,120],{"class":41},[31,25467,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,25469,134],{"class":133},[31,25471,137],{"class":41},[31,25473,1562],{"class":1561},[31,25475,137],{"class":41},[31,25477,1550],{"class":140},[31,25479,1569],{"class":41},[14,25481,25482],{},[67,25483,358],{},[21,25485,25487],{"className":23,"code":25486,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[28,25488,25489,25511],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25490,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25492,17612],{"class":140},[31,25494,3564],{"class":41},[31,25496,370],{"class":259},[31,25498,25405],{"class":263},[31,25500,370],{"class":259},[31,25502,99],{"class":41},[31,25504,379],{"class":259},[31,25506,25423],{"class":263},[31,25508,370],{"class":259},[31,25510,566],{"class":41},[31,25512,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25514,1593],{"class":88},[31,25516,1597],{"class":1596},[31,25518,379],{"class":259},[31,25520,17612],{"class":263},[31,25522,370],{"class":259},[31,25524,1606],{"class":88},[14,25526,25527,25528,25532,25533,70],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[264,25529,11329,25530,11333],{"href":17666},[28,25531,17669],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[264,25534,11329,25535,11333],{"href":17673},[28,25536,17676],{},[72,25538,25540],{"id":25539},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25542,25543],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[21,25545,25547],{"className":23,"code":25546,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[28,25548,25549,25602,25606,25622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25550,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25598,25600],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25552,13459],{"class":37},[31,25554,89],{"class":88},[31,25556,11082],{"class":41},[31,25558,260],{"class":259},[31,25560,8256],{"class":263},[31,25562,260],{"class":259},[31,25564,48],{"class":41},[31,25566,271],{"class":259},[31,25568,13476],{"class":263},[31,25570,260],{"class":259},[31,25572,99],{"class":41},[31,25574,271],{"class":259},[31,25576,9890],{"class":263},[31,25578,260],{"class":259},[31,25580,48],{"class":41},[31,25582,102],{"class":95},[31,25584,99],{"class":41},[31,25586,271],{"class":259},[31,25588,15926],{"class":263},[31,25590,260],{"class":259},[31,25592,48],{"class":41},[31,25594,271],{"class":259},[31,25596,25597],{"class":263},"Math",[31,25599,260],{"class":259},[31,25601,9900],{"class":41},[31,25603,25604],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25605,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,25607,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25609,6543],{"class":4457},[31,25611,18808],{"class":37},[31,25613,4464],{"class":4457},[31,25615,13502],{"class":37},[31,25617,70],{"class":41},[31,25619,17521],{"class":140},[31,25621,22194],{"class":41},[31,25623,25624,25626,25628,25630],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,25625,8657],{"class":133},[31,25627,137],{"class":41},[31,25629,15439],{"class":140},[31,25631,120],{"class":41},[14,25633,25634],{},[67,25635,358],{},[21,25637,25639],{"className":23,"code":25638,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[28,25640,25641,25646,25651],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25642,25643],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25644,25645],{"class":37},"name\n",[31,25647,25648],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25649,25650],{"class":37},"age\n",[31,25652,25653],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25654,25655],{"class":37},"course\n",[14,25657,25658],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[21,25660,25662],{"className":23,"code":25661,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[28,25663,25664,25676],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25665,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25667,6543],{"class":4457},[31,25669,18808],{"class":37},[31,25671,4464],{"class":4457},[31,25673,13502],{"class":37},[31,25675,6978],{"class":41},[31,25677,25678,25680,25682,25684],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25679,8657],{"class":133},[31,25681,137],{"class":41},[31,25683,15439],{"class":140},[31,25685,120],{"class":41},[14,25687,25688,25689,25692],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[28,25690,25691],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[72,25694,5544,25696],{"id":25695},"when-to-use-keys",[28,25697,17663],{},[14,25699,2668,25700,11193],{},[28,25701,17663],{},[228,25703,25704,25707,25710],{},[231,25705,25706],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[231,25708,25709],{},"you want to display available fields",[231,25711,25712],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25714,242],{},[21,25716,25718],{"className":23,"code":25717,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[28,25719,25720,25773,25777,25792,25809],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25721,25722,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25742,25744,25746,25748,25751,25753,25755,25758,25760,25762,25765,25767,25769,25771],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25723,25724],{"class":37},"product ",[31,25726,89],{"class":88},[31,25728,11082],{"class":41},[31,25730,260],{"class":259},[31,25732,8256],{"class":263},[31,25734,260],{"class":259},[31,25736,48],{"class":41},[31,25738,271],{"class":259},[31,25740,25741],{"class":263},"Book",[31,25743,260],{"class":259},[31,25745,99],{"class":41},[31,25747,271],{"class":259},[31,25749,25750],{"class":263},"price",[31,25752,260],{"class":259},[31,25754,48],{"class":41},[31,25756,25757],{"class":95}," 12.99",[31,25759,99],{"class":41},[31,25761,271],{"class":259},[31,25763,25764],{"class":263},"stock",[31,25766,260],{"class":259},[31,25768,48],{"class":41},[31,25770,5187],{"class":95},[31,25772,9900],{"class":41},[31,25774,25775],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25776,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,25778,25779,25781,25783,25785,25788,25790],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25780,134],{"class":133},[31,25782,137],{"class":41},[31,25784,260],{"class":259},[31,25786,25787],{"class":263},"Available fields:",[31,25789,260],{"class":259},[31,25791,120],{"class":41},[31,25793,25794,25796,25798,25800,25803,25805,25807],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,25795,6543],{"class":4457},[31,25797,18808],{"class":37},[31,25799,4464],{"class":4457},[31,25801,25802],{"class":37}," product",[31,25804,70],{"class":41},[31,25806,17521],{"class":140},[31,25808,22194],{"class":41},[31,25810,25811,25813,25815,25817],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,25812,8657],{"class":133},[31,25814,137],{"class":41},[31,25816,15439],{"class":140},[31,25818,120],{"class":41},[14,25820,25821],{},[67,25822,358],{},[21,25824,25826],{"className":23,"code":25825,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[28,25827,25828,25835,25839,25844],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25829,25830,25833],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25831,25832],{"class":37},"Available fields",[31,25834,6978],{"class":41},[31,25836,25837],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25838,25645],{"class":37},[31,25840,25841],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25842,25843],{"class":37},"price\n",[31,25845,25846],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,25847,25848],{"class":37},"stock\n",[14,25850,25851],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[21,25853,25855],{"className":23,"code":25854,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[28,25856,25857,25893,25897],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25858,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25860,25724],{"class":37},[31,25862,89],{"class":88},[31,25864,11082],{"class":41},[31,25866,260],{"class":259},[31,25868,8256],{"class":263},[31,25870,260],{"class":259},[31,25872,48],{"class":41},[31,25874,271],{"class":259},[31,25876,25741],{"class":263},[31,25878,260],{"class":259},[31,25880,99],{"class":41},[31,25882,271],{"class":259},[31,25884,25750],{"class":263},[31,25886,260],{"class":259},[31,25888,48],{"class":41},[31,25890,25757],{"class":95},[31,25892,9900],{"class":41},[31,25894,25895],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,25896,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,25898,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,25900,134],{"class":133},[31,25902,137],{"class":41},[31,25904,260],{"class":259},[31,25906,8256],{"class":263},[31,25908,260],{"class":259},[31,25910,21772],{"class":4457},[31,25912,25802],{"class":140},[31,25914,70],{"class":41},[31,25916,17521],{"class":140},[31,25918,7781],{"class":41},[14,25920,25921,25922,70],{},"This works and returns ",[28,25923,4181],{},[14,25925,25926],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[21,25928,25930],{"className":23,"code":25929,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[28,25931,25932],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25933,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944,25946,25948],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25935,134],{"class":133},[31,25937,137],{"class":41},[31,25939,260],{"class":259},[31,25941,8256],{"class":263},[31,25943,260],{"class":259},[31,25945,21772],{"class":4457},[31,25947,25802],{"class":140},[31,25949,120],{"class":41},[14,25951,25952,25953,70],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[264,25954,21805],{"href":17751},[72,25956,25958],{"id":25957},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25960,25961,25962,70],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[28,25963,17663],{},[613,25965,9043,25967,25969],{"id":25966},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[28,25968,17663],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25971,25972,25974],{},[28,25973,17663],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25976,242],{},[21,25978,25980],{"className":23,"code":25979,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[28,25981,25982,26018],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,25983,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,25985,9757],{"class":37},[31,25987,89],{"class":88},[31,25989,11082],{"class":41},[31,25991,260],{"class":259},[31,25993,8256],{"class":263},[31,25995,260],{"class":259},[31,25997,48],{"class":41},[31,25999,271],{"class":259},[31,26001,13476],{"class":263},[31,26003,260],{"class":259},[31,26005,99],{"class":41},[31,26007,271],{"class":259},[31,26009,9890],{"class":263},[31,26011,260],{"class":259},[31,26013,48],{"class":41},[31,26015,102],{"class":95},[31,26017,9900],{"class":41},[31,26019,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26021,134],{"class":133},[31,26023,137],{"class":41},[31,26025,9796],{"class":140},[31,26027,70],{"class":41},[31,26029,17521],{"class":140},[31,26031,7781],{"class":41},[14,26033,26034],{},[67,26035,358],{},[21,26037,26039],{"className":23,"code":26038,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[28,26040,26041],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26042,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26044,17612],{"class":140},[31,26046,3564],{"class":41},[31,26048,370],{"class":259},[31,26050,8256],{"class":263},[31,26052,370],{"class":259},[31,26054,99],{"class":41},[31,26056,379],{"class":259},[31,26058,9890],{"class":263},[31,26060,370],{"class":259},[31,26062,566],{"class":41},[14,26064,26065,26066,70],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[264,26067,26068],{"href":17673},[28,26069,17676],{},[613,26071,26073,26074],{"id":26072},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[28,26075,17612],{},[14,26077,26078],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[21,26080,26082],{"className":23,"code":26081,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['name', 'age']\n",[28,26083,26084],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26085,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26087,42],{"class":41},[31,26089,370],{"class":259},[31,26091,8256],{"class":263},[31,26093,370],{"class":259},[31,26095,99],{"class":41},[31,26097,379],{"class":259},[31,26099,9890],{"class":263},[31,26101,370],{"class":259},[31,26103,59],{"class":41},[14,26105,26106,26107,26109],{},"But ",[28,26108,17663],{}," returns:",[21,26111,26112],{"className":23,"code":26038,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,26113,26114],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26115,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26117,17612],{"class":140},[31,26119,3564],{"class":41},[31,26121,370],{"class":259},[31,26123,8256],{"class":263},[31,26125,370],{"class":259},[31,26127,99],{"class":41},[31,26129,379],{"class":259},[31,26131,9890],{"class":263},[31,26133,370],{"class":259},[31,26135,566],{"class":41},[14,26137,26138],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[21,26140,26142],{"className":23,"code":26141,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[28,26143,26144,26180,26199,26203],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26145,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26147,9757],{"class":37},[31,26149,89],{"class":88},[31,26151,11082],{"class":41},[31,26153,260],{"class":259},[31,26155,8256],{"class":263},[31,26157,260],{"class":259},[31,26159,48],{"class":41},[31,26161,271],{"class":259},[31,26163,13476],{"class":263},[31,26165,260],{"class":259},[31,26167,99],{"class":41},[31,26169,271],{"class":259},[31,26171,9890],{"class":263},[31,26173,260],{"class":259},[31,26175,48],{"class":41},[31,26177,102],{"class":95},[31,26179,9900],{"class":41},[31,26181,26182,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26183,26184],{"class":37},"key_list ",[31,26186,89],{"class":88},[31,26188,23159],{"class":1561},[31,26190,137],{"class":41},[31,26192,9796],{"class":140},[31,26194,70],{"class":41},[31,26196,17521],{"class":140},[31,26198,7781],{"class":41},[31,26200,26201],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,26202,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,26204,26205,26207,26209,26212],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,26206,134],{"class":133},[31,26208,137],{"class":41},[31,26210,26211],{"class":140},"key_list",[31,26213,120],{"class":41},[613,26215,26217,26218,26220],{"id":26216},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[28,26219,17663],{}," on a list or string",[14,26222,26223,26225],{},[28,26224,17663],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,26227,3414],{},[21,26229,26231],{"className":23,"code":26230,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[28,26232,26233,26253],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26234,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26236,85],{"class":37},[31,26238,89],{"class":88},[31,26240,4200],{"class":41},[31,26242,146],{"class":95},[31,26244,99],{"class":41},[31,26246,3571],{"class":95},[31,26248,99],{"class":41},[31,26250,3027],{"class":95},[31,26252,59],{"class":41},[31,26254,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26256,134],{"class":133},[31,26258,137],{"class":41},[31,26260,141],{"class":140},[31,26262,70],{"class":41},[31,26264,17521],{"class":140},[31,26266,7781],{"class":41},[14,26268,26269,26270,26273,26274,26276,26277,70],{},"You may get an ",[28,26271,26272],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[28,26275,17663],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[264,26278,26280,26281,26284],{"href":26279},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[28,26282,26283],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[613,26286,26288],{"id":26287},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,26290,26291],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[21,26293,26295],{"className":23,"code":26294,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[28,26296,26297,26321],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26298,26299,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26300,9757],{"class":37},[31,26302,89],{"class":88},[31,26304,11082],{"class":41},[31,26306,260],{"class":259},[31,26308,8256],{"class":263},[31,26310,260],{"class":259},[31,26312,48],{"class":41},[31,26314,271],{"class":259},[31,26316,13476],{"class":263},[31,26318,260],{"class":259},[31,26320,9900],{"class":41},[31,26322,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26324,134],{"class":133},[31,26326,137],{"class":41},[31,26328,9796],{"class":140},[31,26330,70],{"class":41},[31,26332,17521],{"class":25350},[31,26334,120],{"class":41},[14,26336,26337],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,26339,19294],{},[21,26341,26343],{"className":23,"code":26342,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(data.keys())\n",[28,26344,26345],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26346,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26348,134],{"class":133},[31,26350,137],{"class":41},[31,26352,9796],{"class":140},[31,26354,70],{"class":41},[31,26356,17521],{"class":140},[31,26358,7781],{"class":41},[72,26360,3407],{"id":3406},[14,26362,26363,26364,48],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[28,26365,17663],{},[228,26367,26368,26373,26379,26385],{},[231,26369,9007,26370,26372],{},[28,26371,17663],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[231,26374,26375,26376,26378],{},"Thinking ",[28,26377,17663],{}," returns values too",[231,26380,26381,26382,26384],{},"Trying to index ",[28,26383,17612],{}," like a normal list",[231,26386,26387,26388,26390],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[28,26389,17612],{}," to a list when needed",[14,26392,26393],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[21,26395,26397],{"className":23,"code":26396,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[28,26398,26399,26431,26445,26449,26459],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26400,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26402,9757],{"class":37},[31,26404,89],{"class":88},[31,26406,11082],{"class":41},[31,26408,260],{"class":259},[31,26410,264],{"class":263},[31,26412,260],{"class":259},[31,26414,48],{"class":41},[31,26416,6082],{"class":95},[31,26418,99],{"class":41},[31,26420,271],{"class":259},[31,26422,274],{"class":263},[31,26424,260],{"class":259},[31,26426,48],{"class":41},[31,26428,3571],{"class":95},[31,26430,9900],{"class":41},[31,26432,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26434,17840],{"class":37},[31,26436,89],{"class":88},[31,26438,15164],{"class":37},[31,26440,70],{"class":41},[31,26442,17521],{"class":140},[31,26444,1772],{"class":41},[31,26446,26447],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,26448,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,26450,26451,26453,26455,26457],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,26452,134],{"class":133},[31,26454,137],{"class":41},[31,26456,17521],{"class":140},[31,26458,120],{"class":41},[31,26460,26461],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,26462,26463],{"class":157},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26465,26466],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[21,26468,26470],{"className":23,"code":26469,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[28,26471,26472,26504,26522,26526],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26473,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26475,9757],{"class":37},[31,26477,89],{"class":88},[31,26479,11082],{"class":41},[31,26481,260],{"class":259},[31,26483,264],{"class":263},[31,26485,260],{"class":259},[31,26487,48],{"class":41},[31,26489,6082],{"class":95},[31,26491,99],{"class":41},[31,26493,271],{"class":259},[31,26495,274],{"class":263},[31,26497,260],{"class":259},[31,26499,48],{"class":41},[31,26501,3571],{"class":95},[31,26503,9900],{"class":41},[31,26505,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26507,17840],{"class":37},[31,26509,89],{"class":88},[31,26511,23159],{"class":1561},[31,26513,137],{"class":41},[31,26515,9796],{"class":140},[31,26517,70],{"class":41},[31,26519,17521],{"class":140},[31,26521,7781],{"class":41},[31,26523,26524],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,26525,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,26527,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,26529,134],{"class":133},[31,26531,137],{"class":41},[31,26533,17521],{"class":140},[31,26535,42],{"class":41},[31,26537,1243],{"class":95},[31,26539,566],{"class":41},[72,26541,26543],{"id":26542},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26545,11706],{},[21,26547,26549],{"className":23,"code":26548,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[28,26550,26551,26565,26575,26589],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26552,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26554,134],{"class":133},[31,26556,137],{"class":41},[31,26558,1562],{"class":1561},[31,26560,137],{"class":41},[31,26562,12042],{"class":140},[31,26564,1569],{"class":41},[31,26566,26567,26569,26571,26573],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26568,134],{"class":133},[31,26570,137],{"class":41},[31,26572,12042],{"class":140},[31,26574,120],{"class":41},[31,26576,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,26578,134],{"class":133},[31,26580,137],{"class":41},[31,26582,12042],{"class":140},[31,26584,70],{"class":41},[31,26586,17521],{"class":140},[31,26588,7781],{"class":41},[31,26590,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,26592,134],{"class":133},[31,26594,137],{"class":41},[31,26596,8682],{"class":1561},[31,26598,137],{"class":41},[31,26600,12042],{"class":140},[31,26602,70],{"class":41},[31,26604,17521],{"class":140},[31,26606,6874],{"class":41},[14,26608,26609],{},"These help you confirm:",[228,26611,26612,26615,26618,26623],{},[231,26613,26614],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[231,26616,26617],{},"what data it contains",[231,26619,26620,26621,12299],{},"what ",[28,26622,17663],{},[231,26624,26625],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[72,26627,2435],{"id":2434},[613,26629,24518,26631,5727],{"id":26630},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[28,26632,17663],{},[14,26634,18020,26635,26637],{},[28,26636,17612],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[613,26639,15501,26641,26644],{"id":26640},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[28,26642,26643],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26646,26647,26648,26650,26651,70],{},"No. It returns a ",[28,26649,17612],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[28,26652,26653],{},"list(dict.keys())",[613,26655,26657,26658,2466],{"id":26656},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[28,26659,26643],{},[14,26661,26662,26663,26665],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[28,26664,6543],{}," loop.",[613,26667,26669,26670,26672],{"id":26668},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[28,26671,17663],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26674,26675,26676,26678],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[28,26677,17663],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[613,26680,26682],{"id":26681},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26684,2668,26685,70],{},[28,26686,26687],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[72,26689,2475],{"id":2474},[228,26691,26692,26697,26703,26709,26715,26719],{},[231,26693,26694],{},[264,26695,26696],{"href":9982},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[231,26698,26699],{},[264,26700,11329,26701,11333],{"href":17666},[28,26702,17669],{},[231,26704,26705],{},[264,26706,11329,26707,11333],{"href":17673},[28,26708,17676],{},[231,26710,26711],{},[264,26712,26714],{"href":26713},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[231,26716,26717],{},[264,26718,17752],{"href":17751},[231,26720,26721],{},[264,26722,26723,26724,26284],{"href":26279},"How to fix ",[28,26725,26283],{},[2499,26727,26728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":26730},[26731,26732,26734,26735,26736,26737,26738,26740,26749,26750,26751,26762],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":24849,"depth":123,"text":26733},"What keys() does",{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":6014,"depth":123,"text":6015},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":25539,"depth":123,"text":25540},{"id":25695,"depth":123,"text":26739},"When to use keys()",{"id":25957,"depth":123,"text":25958,"children":26741},[26742,26744,26746,26748],{"id":25966,"depth":130,"text":26743},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26072,"depth":130,"text":26745},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26216,"depth":130,"text":26747},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26287,"depth":130,"text":26288},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":26542,"depth":123,"text":26543},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":26752},[26753,26755,26757,26759,26761],{"id":26630,"depth":130,"text":26754},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26640,"depth":130,"text":26756},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26656,"depth":130,"text":26758},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26668,"depth":130,"text":26760},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26681,"depth":130,"text":26682},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24671,"description":26763},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26769,"title":26770,"body":26771,"description":29044,"extension":2542,"meta":29045,"navigation":126,"path":29046,"seo":29047,"stem":29048,"__hash__":29049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26772,"toc":28997},[26773,26778,26783,26786,26788,26934,26947,26952,26956,26970,26972,27075,27084,27086,27089,27127,27152,27154,27261,27263,27270,27273,27281,27283,27424,27432,27437,27441,27452,27454,27616,27619,27627,27634,27640,27737,27743,27820,27823,27835,27840,27846,27849,27853,27942,27945,27949,28053,28060,28147,28156,28158,28163,28169,28172,28218,28221,28287,28296,28302,28395,28401,28407,28450,28453,28518,28524,28616,28619,28623,28629,28654,28657,28753,28760,28762,28767,28858,28860,28888,28893,28895,28902,28905,28909,28919,28924,28927,28934,28944,28951,28959,28961,28994],[10,26774,11910,26776,11914],{"id":26775},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[28,26777,13358],{},[14,26779,26780,26782],{},[28,26781,13164],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26784,26785],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[72,26787,4186],{"id":4185},[21,26789,26791],{"className":23,"code":26790,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[28,26792,26793,26829,26853,26867,26880,26884,26889,26921],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26794,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26796,13801],{"class":37},[31,26798,89],{"class":88},[31,26800,11082],{"class":41},[31,26802,260],{"class":259},[31,26804,8256],{"class":263},[31,26806,260],{"class":259},[31,26808,48],{"class":41},[31,26810,271],{"class":259},[31,26812,13476],{"class":263},[31,26814,260],{"class":259},[31,26816,99],{"class":41},[31,26818,271],{"class":259},[31,26820,9890],{"class":263},[31,26822,260],{"class":259},[31,26824,48],{"class":41},[31,26826,9897],{"class":95},[31,26828,9900],{"class":41},[31,26830,26831,26834,26836,26838,26840,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,26832,26833],{"class":37},"removed_age ",[31,26835,89],{"class":88},[31,26837,13844],{"class":37},[31,26839,70],{"class":41},[31,26841,26842],{"class":140},"pop",[31,26844,137],{"class":41},[31,26846,260],{"class":259},[31,26848,9890],{"class":263},[31,26850,260],{"class":259},[31,26852,120],{"class":41},[31,26854,26855,26857,26859,26862,26864],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,26856,134],{"class":133},[31,26858,137],{"class":41},[31,26860,26861],{"class":140},"removed_age",[31,26863,4238],{"class":41},[31,26865,26866],{"class":157},"   # 25\n",[31,26868,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,26870,134],{"class":133},[31,26872,137],{"class":41},[31,26874,17905],{"class":140},[31,26876,4238],{"class":41},[31,26878,26879],{"class":157},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[31,26881,26882],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,26883,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,26885,26886],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,26887,26888],{"class":157},"# Safe version with default value\n",[31,26890,26891,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26917,26919],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,26892,26893],{"class":37},"country ",[31,26895,89],{"class":88},[31,26897,13844],{"class":37},[31,26899,70],{"class":41},[31,26901,26842],{"class":140},[31,26903,137],{"class":41},[31,26905,260],{"class":259},[31,26907,15859],{"class":263},[31,26909,260],{"class":259},[31,26911,99],{"class":41},[31,26913,271],{"class":259},[31,26915,26916],{"class":263},"Not found",[31,26918,260],{"class":259},[31,26920,120],{"class":41},[31,26922,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,26924,134],{"class":133},[31,26926,137],{"class":41},[31,26928,15859],{"class":140},[31,26930,4238],{"class":41},[31,26932,26933],{"class":157},"       # Not found\n",[14,26935,2668,26936,26939,26940,26943,26944,26946],{},[28,26937,26938],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[28,26941,26942],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[28,26945,20286],{}," when the key might not exist.",[72,26948,4255,26950,4258],{"id":26949},"what-dictpop-does",[28,26951,13164],{},[14,26953,26954,48],{},[28,26955,13164],{},[228,26957,26958,26961,26964,26967],{},[231,26959,26960],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[231,26962,26963],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[231,26965,26966],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[231,26968,26969],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26971,242],{},[21,26973,26975],{"className":23,"code":26974,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[28,26976,26977,27017,27021,27044,27048,27062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,26980,12081],{"class":37},[31,26982,89],{"class":88},[31,26984,11082],{"class":41},[31,26986,260],{"class":259},[31,26988,8256],{"class":263},[31,26990,260],{"class":259},[31,26992,48],{"class":41},[31,26994,271],{"class":259},[31,26996,13818],{"class":263},[31,26998,260],{"class":259},[31,27000,99],{"class":41},[31,27002,271],{"class":259},[31,27004,11000],{"class":263},[31,27006,260],{"class":259},[31,27008,48],{"class":41},[31,27010,271],{"class":259},[31,27012,11007],{"class":263},[31,27014,260],{"class":259},[31,27016,9900],{"class":41},[31,27018,27019],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27020,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27022,27023,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27024,27025],{"class":37},"removed_city ",[31,27027,89],{"class":88},[31,27029,12164],{"class":37},[31,27031,70],{"class":41},[31,27033,26842],{"class":140},[31,27035,137],{"class":41},[31,27037,260],{"class":259},[31,27039,11000],{"class":263},[31,27041,260],{"class":259},[31,27043,120],{"class":41},[31,27045,27046],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27047,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27049,27050,27052,27054,27057,27059],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27051,134],{"class":133},[31,27053,137],{"class":41},[31,27055,27056],{"class":140},"removed_city",[31,27058,4238],{"class":41},[31,27060,27061],{"class":157},"  # Paris\n",[31,27063,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,27065,134],{"class":133},[31,27067,137],{"class":41},[31,27069,12175],{"class":140},[31,27071,4238],{"class":41},[31,27073,27074],{"class":157},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,27076,21369,27077,27080,27081,70],{},[28,27078,27079],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[28,27082,27083],{},"\"Paris\"",[72,27085,2733],{"id":2732},[14,27087,27088],{},"There are two common forms:",[21,27090,27092],{"className":23,"code":27091,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[28,27093,27094,27108],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27095,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27097,12042],{"class":37},[31,27099,70],{"class":41},[31,27101,26842],{"class":140},[31,27103,137],{"class":41},[31,27105,15439],{"class":140},[31,27107,120],{"class":41},[31,27109,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27125],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27111,12042],{"class":37},[31,27113,70],{"class":41},[31,27115,26842],{"class":140},[31,27117,137],{"class":41},[31,27119,15439],{"class":140},[31,27121,99],{"class":41},[31,27123,27124],{"class":140}," default",[31,27126,120],{"class":41},[228,27128,27129,27135,27143,27149],{},[231,27130,27131,27134],{},[28,27132,27133],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[231,27136,27137,27139,27140,27142],{},[28,27138,27133],{}," raises ",[28,27141,20286],{}," if the key is missing",[231,27144,27145,27148],{},[28,27146,27147],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[231,27150,27151],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,27153,242],{},[21,27155,27157],{"className":23,"code":27156,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[28,27158,27159,27191,27195,27220,27248],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27160,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27162,5647],{"class":37},[31,27164,89],{"class":88},[31,27166,11082],{"class":41},[31,27168,260],{"class":259},[31,27170,19016],{"class":263},[31,27172,260],{"class":259},[31,27174,48],{"class":41},[31,27176,20497],{"class":95},[31,27178,99],{"class":41},[31,27180,271],{"class":259},[31,27182,19025],{"class":263},[31,27184,260],{"class":259},[31,27186,48],{"class":41},[31,27188,14104],{"class":95},[31,27190,9900],{"class":41},[31,27192,27193],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27194,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27196,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27198,134],{"class":133},[31,27200,137],{"class":41},[31,27202,16986],{"class":140},[31,27204,70],{"class":41},[31,27206,26842],{"class":140},[31,27208,137],{"class":41},[31,27210,260],{"class":259},[31,27212,19016],{"class":263},[31,27214,260],{"class":259},[31,27216,5945],{"class":41},[31,27218,27219],{"class":157},"         # 90\n",[31,27221,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27223,134],{"class":133},[31,27225,137],{"class":41},[31,27227,16986],{"class":140},[31,27229,70],{"class":41},[31,27231,26842],{"class":140},[31,27233,137],{"class":41},[31,27235,260],{"class":259},[31,27237,19034],{"class":263},[31,27239,260],{"class":259},[31,27241,99],{"class":41},[31,27243,4413],{"class":95},[31,27245,5945],{"class":41},[31,27247,21366],{"class":157},[31,27249,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27251,134],{"class":133},[31,27253,137],{"class":41},[31,27255,16986],{"class":140},[31,27257,4238],{"class":41},[31,27259,27260],{"class":157},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[72,27262,18017],{"id":18016},[14,27264,27265,14651,27267,27269],{},[28,27266,13358],{},[67,27268,5213],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,27271,27272],{},"Instead, it returns:",[228,27274,27275,27278],{},[231,27276,27277],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[231,27279,27280],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,27282,242],{},[21,27284,27286],{"className":23,"code":27285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[28,27287,27288,27320,27324,27347,27379,27383,27397,27411],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27289,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27291,9757],{"class":37},[31,27293,89],{"class":88},[31,27295,11082],{"class":41},[31,27297,260],{"class":259},[31,27299,264],{"class":263},[31,27301,260],{"class":259},[31,27303,48],{"class":41},[31,27305,1026],{"class":95},[31,27307,99],{"class":41},[31,27309,271],{"class":259},[31,27311,274],{"class":263},[31,27313,260],{"class":259},[31,27315,48],{"class":41},[31,27317,102],{"class":95},[31,27319,9900],{"class":41},[31,27321,27322],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27323,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27325,27326,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27327,27328],{"class":37},"result1 ",[31,27330,89],{"class":88},[31,27332,15164],{"class":37},[31,27334,70],{"class":41},[31,27336,26842],{"class":140},[31,27338,137],{"class":41},[31,27340,260],{"class":259},[31,27342,264],{"class":263},[31,27344,260],{"class":259},[31,27346,120],{"class":41},[31,27348,27349,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27375,27377],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27350,27351],{"class":37},"result2 ",[31,27353,89],{"class":88},[31,27355,15164],{"class":37},[31,27357,70],{"class":41},[31,27359,26842],{"class":140},[31,27361,137],{"class":41},[31,27363,260],{"class":259},[31,27365,283],{"class":263},[31,27367,260],{"class":259},[31,27369,99],{"class":41},[31,27371,271],{"class":259},[31,27373,27374],{"class":263},"missing",[31,27376,260],{"class":259},[31,27378,120],{"class":41},[31,27380,27381],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27382,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27384,27385,27387,27389,27392,27394],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,27386,134],{"class":133},[31,27388,137],{"class":41},[31,27390,27391],{"class":140},"result1",[31,27393,4238],{"class":41},[31,27395,27396],{"class":157},"  # 10\n",[31,27398,27399,27401,27403,27406,27408],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,27400,134],{"class":133},[31,27402,137],{"class":41},[31,27404,27405],{"class":140},"result2",[31,27407,4238],{"class":41},[31,27409,27410],{"class":157},"  # missing\n",[31,27412,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,27414,134],{"class":133},[31,27416,137],{"class":41},[31,27418,9796],{"class":140},[31,27420,4238],{"class":41},[31,27422,27423],{"class":157},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27425,27426,27427,7217],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[264,27428,27429],{"href":11328},[28,27430,27431],{},"dict.get()",[72,27433,5544,27435],{"id":27434},"when-to-use-pop",[28,27436,13358],{},[14,27438,2668,27439,11193],{},[28,27440,13358],{},[228,27442,27443,27446,27449],{},[231,27444,27445],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[231,27447,27448],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[231,27450,27451],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27453,242],{},[21,27455,27457],{"className":23,"code":27456,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[28,27458,27459,27511,27515,27542,27546,27570,27574,27588,27602],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27460,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27495,27497,27499,27502,27504,27506,27509],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27462,25724],{"class":37},[31,27464,89],{"class":88},[31,27466,11082],{"class":41},[31,27468,260],{"class":259},[31,27470,8256],{"class":263},[31,27472,260],{"class":259},[31,27474,48],{"class":41},[31,27476,271],{"class":259},[31,27478,27479],{"class":263},"Laptop",[31,27481,260],{"class":259},[31,27483,99],{"class":41},[31,27485,271],{"class":259},[31,27487,25750],{"class":263},[31,27489,260],{"class":259},[31,27491,48],{"class":41},[31,27493,27494],{"class":95}," 1200",[31,27496,99],{"class":41},[31,27498,271],{"class":259},[31,27500,27501],{"class":263},"discount",[31,27503,260],{"class":259},[31,27505,48],{"class":41},[31,27507,27508],{"class":95}," 200",[31,27510,9900],{"class":41},[31,27512,27513],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27514,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27516,27517,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27518,27519],{"class":37},"discount_amount ",[31,27521,89],{"class":88},[31,27523,25802],{"class":37},[31,27525,70],{"class":41},[31,27527,26842],{"class":140},[31,27529,137],{"class":41},[31,27531,260],{"class":259},[31,27533,27501],{"class":263},[31,27535,260],{"class":259},[31,27537,99],{"class":41},[31,27539,4413],{"class":95},[31,27541,120],{"class":41},[31,27543,27544],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27545,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27547,27548,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27549,27550],{"class":37},"final_price ",[31,27552,89],{"class":88},[31,27554,25802],{"class":37},[31,27556,42],{"class":41},[31,27558,260],{"class":259},[31,27560,25750],{"class":263},[31,27562,260],{"class":259},[31,27564,13870],{"class":41},[31,27566,2799],{"class":88},[31,27568,27569],{"class":37}," discount_amount\n",[31,27571,27572],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,27573,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27575,27576,27578,27580,27583,27585],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,27577,134],{"class":133},[31,27579,137],{"class":41},[31,27581,27582],{"class":140},"discount_amount",[31,27584,4238],{"class":41},[31,27586,27587],{"class":157},"  # 200\n",[31,27589,27590,27592,27594,27597,27599],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,27591,134],{"class":133},[31,27593,137],{"class":41},[31,27595,27596],{"class":140},"final_price",[31,27598,4238],{"class":41},[31,27600,27601],{"class":157},"      # 1000\n",[31,27603,27604,27606,27608,27611,27613],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,27605,134],{"class":133},[31,27607,137],{"class":41},[31,27609,27610],{"class":140},"product",[31,27612,4238],{"class":41},[31,27614,27615],{"class":157},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27617,27618],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[72,27620,27622,11177,27624],{"id":27621},"pop-vs-del",[28,27623,13358],{},[28,27625,27626],{},"del",[14,27628,11182,27629,4975,27631,27633],{},[28,27630,13358],{},[28,27632,27626],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[613,27635,2668,27637,27639],{"id":27636},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[28,27638,13358],{}," when you need the removed value",[21,27641,27643],{"className":23,"code":27642,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[28,27644,27645,27681,27685,27707,27711,27724],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27646,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27648,13801],{"class":37},[31,27650,89],{"class":88},[31,27652,11082],{"class":41},[31,27654,260],{"class":259},[31,27656,8256],{"class":263},[31,27658,260],{"class":259},[31,27660,48],{"class":41},[31,27662,271],{"class":259},[31,27664,13476],{"class":263},[31,27666,260],{"class":259},[31,27668,99],{"class":41},[31,27670,271],{"class":259},[31,27672,9890],{"class":263},[31,27674,260],{"class":259},[31,27676,48],{"class":41},[31,27678,9897],{"class":95},[31,27680,9900],{"class":41},[31,27682,27683],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27684,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27686,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27688,22227],{"class":37},[31,27690,89],{"class":88},[31,27692,13844],{"class":37},[31,27694,70],{"class":41},[31,27696,26842],{"class":140},[31,27698,137],{"class":41},[31,27700,260],{"class":259},[31,27702,9890],{"class":263},[31,27704,260],{"class":259},[31,27706,120],{"class":41},[31,27708,27709],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27710,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27712,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27714,134],{"class":133},[31,27716,137],{"class":41},[31,27718,9890],{"class":140},[31,27720,4238],{"class":41},[31,27722,27723],{"class":157},"     # 25\n",[31,27725,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,27727,134],{"class":133},[31,27729,137],{"class":41},[31,27731,17905],{"class":140},[31,27733,4238],{"class":41},[31,27735,27736],{"class":157},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[613,27738,2668,27740,27742],{"id":27739},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[28,27741,27626],{}," when you only want deletion",[21,27744,27746],{"className":23,"code":27745,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[28,27747,27748,27784,27788,27804,27808],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27749,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27751,13801],{"class":37},[31,27753,89],{"class":88},[31,27755,11082],{"class":41},[31,27757,260],{"class":259},[31,27759,8256],{"class":263},[31,27761,260],{"class":259},[31,27763,48],{"class":41},[31,27765,271],{"class":259},[31,27767,13476],{"class":263},[31,27769,260],{"class":259},[31,27771,99],{"class":41},[31,27773,271],{"class":259},[31,27775,9890],{"class":263},[31,27777,260],{"class":259},[31,27779,48],{"class":41},[31,27781,9897],{"class":95},[31,27783,9900],{"class":41},[31,27785,27786],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27787,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27789,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27791,27626],{"class":4457},[31,27793,13844],{"class":37},[31,27795,42],{"class":41},[31,27797,260],{"class":259},[31,27799,9890],{"class":263},[31,27801,260],{"class":259},[31,27803,59],{"class":41},[31,27805,27806],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27807,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27809,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27811,134],{"class":133},[31,27813,137],{"class":41},[31,27815,17905],{"class":140},[31,27817,4238],{"class":41},[31,27819,27736],{"class":157},[14,27821,27822],{},"Difference:",[228,27824,27825,27830],{},[231,27826,27827,27829],{},[28,27828,13358],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[231,27831,27832,27834],{},[28,27833,27626],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27836,27837,27838,70],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[264,27839,13169],{"href":13168},[72,27841,27843,27844],{"id":27842},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[28,27845,20286],{},[14,27847,27848],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[613,27850,27852],{"id":27851},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[21,27854,27856],{"className":23,"code":27855,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[28,27857,27858,27883,27887,27913,27917,27929],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27859,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27879,27881],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27861,12318],{"class":37},[31,27863,89],{"class":88},[31,27865,11082],{"class":41},[31,27867,260],{"class":259},[31,27869,8256],{"class":263},[31,27871,260],{"class":259},[31,27873,48],{"class":41},[31,27875,271],{"class":259},[31,27877,27878],{"class":263},"Sara",[31,27880,260],{"class":259},[31,27882,9900],{"class":41},[31,27884,27885],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27886,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27888,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27890,3022],{"class":37},[31,27892,89],{"class":88},[31,27894,12360],{"class":37},[31,27896,70],{"class":41},[31,27898,26842],{"class":140},[31,27900,137],{"class":41},[31,27902,260],{"class":259},[31,27904,9890],{"class":263},[31,27906,260],{"class":259},[31,27908,99],{"class":41},[31,27910,4433],{"class":4432},[31,27912,120],{"class":41},[31,27914,27915],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,27916,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27918,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,27920,134],{"class":133},[31,27922,137],{"class":41},[31,27924,3049],{"class":140},[31,27926,4238],{"class":41},[31,27928,21159],{"class":157},[31,27930,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,27932,134],{"class":133},[31,27934,137],{"class":41},[31,27936,12042],{"class":140},[31,27938,4238],{"class":41},[31,27940,27941],{"class":157}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27943,27944],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[613,27946,27948],{"id":27947},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[21,27950,27952],{"className":23,"code":27951,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[28,27953,27954,27978,27982,27998,28021,28031,28038],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,27955,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,27957,12318],{"class":37},[31,27959,89],{"class":88},[31,27961,11082],{"class":41},[31,27963,260],{"class":259},[31,27965,8256],{"class":263},[31,27967,260],{"class":259},[31,27969,48],{"class":41},[31,27971,271],{"class":259},[31,27973,27878],{"class":263},[31,27975,260],{"class":259},[31,27977,9900],{"class":41},[31,27979,27980],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,27981,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,27983,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,27985,7584],{"class":4457},[31,27987,271],{"class":259},[31,27989,9890],{"class":263},[31,27991,260],{"class":259},[31,27993,21772],{"class":88},[31,27995,12360],{"class":37},[31,27997,6978],{"class":41},[31,27999,28000,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28001,28002],{"class":37},"    value ",[31,28004,89],{"class":88},[31,28006,12360],{"class":37},[31,28008,70],{"class":41},[31,28010,26842],{"class":140},[31,28012,137],{"class":41},[31,28014,260],{"class":259},[31,28016,9890],{"class":263},[31,28018,260],{"class":259},[31,28020,120],{"class":41},[31,28022,28023,28025,28027,28029],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,28024,8657],{"class":133},[31,28026,137],{"class":41},[31,28028,3049],{"class":140},[31,28030,120],{"class":41},[31,28032,28033,28036],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,28034,28035],{"class":4457},"else",[31,28037,6978],{"class":41},[31,28039,28040,28042,28044,28046,28049,28051],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,28041,8657],{"class":133},[31,28043,137],{"class":41},[31,28045,260],{"class":259},[31,28047,28048],{"class":263},"Key not found",[31,28050,260],{"class":259},[31,28052,120],{"class":41},[613,28054,28056,28057,28059],{"id":28055},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[28,28058,11332],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[21,28061,28063],{"className":23,"code":28062,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[28,28064,28065,28089,28093,28119,28123,28135],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28066,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28068,12318],{"class":37},[31,28070,89],{"class":88},[31,28072,11082],{"class":41},[31,28074,260],{"class":259},[31,28076,8256],{"class":263},[31,28078,260],{"class":259},[31,28080,48],{"class":41},[31,28082,271],{"class":259},[31,28084,27878],{"class":263},[31,28086,260],{"class":259},[31,28088,9900],{"class":41},[31,28090,28091],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28092,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28094,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28096,3022],{"class":37},[31,28098,89],{"class":88},[31,28100,12360],{"class":37},[31,28102,70],{"class":41},[31,28104,20349],{"class":140},[31,28106,137],{"class":41},[31,28108,260],{"class":259},[31,28110,9890],{"class":263},[31,28112,260],{"class":259},[31,28114,99],{"class":41},[31,28116,4433],{"class":4432},[31,28118,120],{"class":41},[31,28120,28121],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28122,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28124,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,28126,134],{"class":133},[31,28128,137],{"class":41},[31,28130,3049],{"class":140},[31,28132,4238],{"class":41},[31,28134,21159],{"class":157},[31,28136,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,28138,134],{"class":133},[31,28140,137],{"class":41},[31,28142,12042],{"class":140},[31,28144,4238],{"class":41},[31,28146,27941],{"class":157},[14,28148,2668,28149,28153,28154,70],{},[264,28150,28151],{"href":11328},[28,28152,27431],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[264,28155,11854],{"href":11667},[72,28157,5101],{"id":5100},[14,28159,28160,28161,70],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[28,28162,13164],{},[613,28164,26375,28166,28168],{"id":28165},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[28,28167,13358],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,28170,28171],{},"Lists use indexes:",[21,28173,28175],{"className":23,"code":28174,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[28,28176,28177,28197],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28178,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28180,85],{"class":37},[31,28182,89],{"class":88},[31,28184,4200],{"class":41},[31,28186,96],{"class":95},[31,28188,99],{"class":41},[31,28190,102],{"class":95},[31,28192,99],{"class":41},[31,28194,107],{"class":95},[31,28196,59],{"class":41},[31,28198,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28200,134],{"class":133},[31,28202,137],{"class":41},[31,28204,141],{"class":140},[31,28206,70],{"class":41},[31,28208,26842],{"class":140},[31,28210,137],{"class":41},[31,28212,146],{"class":95},[31,28214,5945],{"class":41},[31,28216,28217],{"class":157},"  # 20\n",[14,28219,28220],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[21,28222,28224],{"className":23,"code":28223,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[28,28225,28226,28262],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28227,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28229,13801],{"class":37},[31,28231,89],{"class":88},[31,28233,11082],{"class":41},[31,28235,260],{"class":259},[31,28237,8256],{"class":263},[31,28239,260],{"class":259},[31,28241,48],{"class":41},[31,28243,271],{"class":259},[31,28245,13476],{"class":263},[31,28247,260],{"class":259},[31,28249,99],{"class":41},[31,28251,271],{"class":259},[31,28253,9890],{"class":263},[31,28255,260],{"class":259},[31,28257,48],{"class":41},[31,28259,9897],{"class":95},[31,28261,9900],{"class":41},[31,28263,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28265,134],{"class":133},[31,28267,137],{"class":41},[31,28269,17905],{"class":140},[31,28271,70],{"class":41},[31,28273,26842],{"class":140},[31,28275,137],{"class":41},[31,28277,260],{"class":259},[31,28279,9890],{"class":263},[31,28281,260],{"class":259},[31,28283,5945],{"class":41},[31,28285,28286],{"class":157},"  # 25\n",[14,28288,28289,28290,28292,28293,28295],{},"A dictionary does ",[67,28291,5213],{}," use positions with ",[28,28294,13358],{},". It uses keys.",[613,28297,5287,28299,28301],{"id":28298},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[28,28300,13358],{}," changes the original dictionary",[21,28303,28305],{"className":23,"code":28304,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[28,28306,28307,28339,28343,28365,28369,28382],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28308,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28310,9757],{"class":37},[31,28312,89],{"class":88},[31,28314,11082],{"class":41},[31,28316,260],{"class":259},[31,28318,2750],{"class":263},[31,28320,260],{"class":259},[31,28322,48],{"class":41},[31,28324,6082],{"class":95},[31,28326,99],{"class":41},[31,28328,271],{"class":259},[31,28330,12339],{"class":263},[31,28332,260],{"class":259},[31,28334,48],{"class":41},[31,28336,3571],{"class":95},[31,28338,9900],{"class":41},[31,28340,28341],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28342,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28344,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28346,3022],{"class":37},[31,28348,89],{"class":88},[31,28350,15164],{"class":37},[31,28352,70],{"class":41},[31,28354,26842],{"class":140},[31,28356,137],{"class":41},[31,28358,260],{"class":259},[31,28360,2750],{"class":263},[31,28362,260],{"class":259},[31,28364,120],{"class":41},[31,28366,28367],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28368,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28370,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,28372,134],{"class":133},[31,28374,137],{"class":41},[31,28376,3049],{"class":140},[31,28378,4238],{"class":41},[31,28380,28381],{"class":157},"  # 1\n",[31,28383,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,28385,134],{"class":133},[31,28387,137],{"class":41},[31,28389,9796],{"class":140},[31,28391,4238],{"class":41},[31,28393,28394],{"class":157},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,28396,28397,28398,28400],{},"After ",[28,28399,13358],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[613,28402,9007,28404,28406],{"id":28403},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[28,28405,13358],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[21,28408,28410],{"className":23,"code":28409,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[28,28411,28412,28436,28440,28445],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28413,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28415,9757],{"class":37},[31,28417,89],{"class":88},[31,28419,11082],{"class":41},[31,28421,260],{"class":259},[31,28423,8256],{"class":263},[31,28425,260],{"class":259},[31,28427,48],{"class":41},[31,28429,271],{"class":259},[31,28431,8509],{"class":263},[31,28433,260],{"class":259},[31,28435,9900],{"class":41},[31,28437,28438],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28439,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28441,28442],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28443,28444],{"class":157},"# This causes an error\n",[31,28446,28447],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28448,28449],{"class":157},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28451,28452],{},"Safer version:",[21,28454,28456],{"className":23,"code":28455,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[28,28457,28458,28482,28486],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28459,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28461,9757],{"class":37},[31,28463,89],{"class":88},[31,28465,11082],{"class":41},[31,28467,260],{"class":259},[31,28469,8256],{"class":263},[31,28471,260],{"class":259},[31,28473,48],{"class":41},[31,28475,271],{"class":259},[31,28477,8509],{"class":263},[31,28479,260],{"class":259},[31,28481,9900],{"class":41},[31,28483,28484],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28485,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28487,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28489,134],{"class":133},[31,28491,137],{"class":41},[31,28493,9796],{"class":140},[31,28495,70],{"class":41},[31,28497,26842],{"class":140},[31,28499,137],{"class":41},[31,28501,260],{"class":259},[31,28503,9890],{"class":263},[31,28505,260],{"class":259},[31,28507,99],{"class":41},[31,28509,271],{"class":259},[31,28511,27374],{"class":263},[31,28513,260],{"class":259},[31,28515,5945],{"class":41},[31,28517,27410],{"class":157},[613,28519,9043,28521,28523],{"id":28520},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[28,28522,13358],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[21,28525,28527],{"className":23,"code":28526,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[28,28528,28529,28561,28565,28587,28591,28603],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28530,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557,28559],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28532,9757],{"class":37},[31,28534,89],{"class":88},[31,28536,11082],{"class":41},[31,28538,260],{"class":259},[31,28540,264],{"class":263},[31,28542,260],{"class":259},[31,28544,48],{"class":41},[31,28546,6082],{"class":95},[31,28548,99],{"class":41},[31,28550,271],{"class":259},[31,28552,274],{"class":263},[31,28554,260],{"class":259},[31,28556,48],{"class":41},[31,28558,3571],{"class":95},[31,28560,9900],{"class":41},[31,28562,28563],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28564,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28566,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28568,1522],{"class":37},[31,28570,89],{"class":88},[31,28572,15164],{"class":37},[31,28574,70],{"class":41},[31,28576,26842],{"class":140},[31,28578,137],{"class":41},[31,28580,260],{"class":259},[31,28582,264],{"class":263},[31,28584,260],{"class":259},[31,28586,120],{"class":41},[31,28588,28589],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28590,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28592,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,28594,134],{"class":133},[31,28596,137],{"class":41},[31,28598,1550],{"class":140},[31,28600,4238],{"class":41},[31,28602,28381],{"class":157},[31,28604,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,28606,134],{"class":133},[31,28608,137],{"class":41},[31,28610,9796],{"class":140},[31,28612,4238],{"class":41},[31,28614,28615],{"class":157},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28617,28618],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[72,28620,28622],{"id":28621},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28624,28625,28626,28628],{},"Problems with ",[28,28627,13164],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[228,28630,28631,28634,28643,28646],{},[231,28632,28633],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[231,28635,28636,28637,28640,28641],{},"Mixing up list ",[28,28638,28639],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[28,28642,26938],{},[231,28644,28645],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[231,28647,28648,28649,11685,28651],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[28,28650,146],{},[28,28652,28653],{},"\"1\"",[14,28655,28656],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[21,28658,28660],{"className":23,"code":28659,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[28,28661,28662,28686,28690,28720],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28663,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28665,9757],{"class":37},[31,28667,89],{"class":88},[31,28669,11082],{"class":41},[31,28671,260],{"class":259},[31,28673,146],{"class":263},[31,28675,260],{"class":259},[31,28677,48],{"class":41},[31,28679,271],{"class":259},[31,28681,7171],{"class":263},[31,28683,260],{"class":259},[31,28685,9900],{"class":41},[31,28687,28688],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28689,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28713,28715,28717],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28693,134],{"class":133},[31,28695,137],{"class":41},[31,28697,9796],{"class":140},[31,28699,70],{"class":41},[31,28701,26842],{"class":140},[31,28703,137],{"class":41},[31,28705,146],{"class":95},[31,28707,99],{"class":41},[31,28709,271],{"class":259},[31,28711,28712],{"class":263},"not found",[31,28714,260],{"class":259},[31,28716,5945],{"class":41},[31,28718,28719],{"class":157},"    # not found\n",[31,28721,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28723,134],{"class":133},[31,28725,137],{"class":41},[31,28727,9796],{"class":140},[31,28729,70],{"class":41},[31,28731,26842],{"class":140},[31,28733,137],{"class":41},[31,28735,260],{"class":259},[31,28737,146],{"class":263},[31,28739,260],{"class":259},[31,28741,99],{"class":41},[31,28743,271],{"class":259},[31,28745,28712],{"class":263},[31,28747,260],{"class":259},[31,28749,5945],{"class":41},[31,28751,28752],{"class":157},"  # one\n",[14,28754,28755,4975,28757,28759],{},[28,28756,146],{},[28,28758,28653],{}," are different keys.",[72,28761,9463],{"id":9462},[14,28763,9466,28764,28766],{},[28,28765,13358],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[21,28768,28770],{"className":23,"code":28769,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[28,28771,28772,28782,28796,28814,28844],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,28773,28774,28776,28778,28780],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,28775,134],{"class":133},[31,28777,137],{"class":41},[31,28779,12042],{"class":140},[31,28781,120],{"class":41},[31,28783,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,28785,134],{"class":133},[31,28787,137],{"class":41},[31,28789,12042],{"class":140},[31,28791,70],{"class":41},[31,28793,17521],{"class":140},[31,28795,7781],{"class":41},[31,28797,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,28799,134],{"class":133},[31,28801,137],{"class":41},[31,28803,370],{"class":259},[31,28805,8256],{"class":263},[31,28807,370],{"class":259},[31,28809,21772],{"class":4457},[31,28811,12360],{"class":140},[31,28813,120],{"class":41},[31,28815,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,28817,134],{"class":133},[31,28819,137],{"class":41},[31,28821,12042],{"class":140},[31,28823,70],{"class":41},[31,28825,26842],{"class":140},[31,28827,137],{"class":41},[31,28829,370],{"class":259},[31,28831,8256],{"class":263},[31,28833,370],{"class":259},[31,28835,99],{"class":41},[31,28837,379],{"class":259},[31,28839,27374],{"class":263},[31,28841,370],{"class":259},[31,28843,1569],{"class":41},[31,28845,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,28847,134],{"class":133},[31,28849,137],{"class":41},[31,28851,1562],{"class":1561},[31,28853,137],{"class":41},[31,28855,12042],{"class":140},[31,28857,1569],{"class":41},[14,28859,21935],{},[228,28861,28862,28867,28872,28877,28883],{},[231,28863,28864,28866],{},[28,28865,13274],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[231,28868,28869,28871],{},[28,28870,21947],{}," shows all available keys",[231,28873,28874,28876],{},[28,28875,21953],{}," checks whether a key exists",[231,28878,28879,28882],{},[28,28880,28881],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[231,28884,28885,28887],{},[28,28886,13280],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28889,28890,28891,70],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[264,28892,9983],{"href":9982},[72,28894,2435],{"id":2434},[613,28896,28898,28899,28901],{"id":28897},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[28,28900,13358],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28903,28904],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[613,28906,28908],{"id":28907},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28910,28911,27139,28913,28915,28916,28918],{},[28,28912,26938],{},[28,28914,20286],{},". ",[28,28917,26942],{}," returns the default value instead.",[613,28920,13299,28922,15494],{"id":28921},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[28,28923,13358],{},[14,28925,28926],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[613,28928,28930,28931,28933],{"id":28929},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[28,28932,13358],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28935,28936,28937,28939,28940,70],{},"Not with ",[28,28938,13164],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[264,28941,28942],{"href":13175},[28,28943,13365],{},[613,28945,5762,28947,4975,28949,2466],{"id":28946},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[28,28948,11332],{},[28,28950,13358],{},[14,28952,28953,28955,28956,28958],{},[28,28954,11332],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[28,28957,13358],{}," reads and removes it.",[72,28960,2475],{"id":2474},[228,28962,28963,28969,28976,28980,28984,28988],{},[231,28964,28965],{},[264,28966,28967],{"href":11328},[28,28968,20267],{},[231,28970,28971],{},[264,28972,28973],{"href":13175},[28,28974,28975],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[231,28977,28978],{},[264,28979,13382],{"href":13168},[231,28981,28982],{},[264,28983,22056],{"href":17194},[231,28985,28986],{},[264,28987,11854],{"href":11667},[231,28989,28990],{},[264,28991,28993],{"href":28992},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2499,28995,28996],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":28998},[28999,29000,29002,29003,29004,29006,29013,29020,29030,29031,29032,29043],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":26949,"depth":123,"text":29001},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":27434,"depth":123,"text":29005},"When to use pop()",{"id":27621,"depth":123,"text":29007,"children":29008},"pop() vs del",[29009,29011],{"id":27636,"depth":130,"text":29010},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27739,"depth":130,"text":29012},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27842,"depth":123,"text":29014,"children":29015},"How to avoid KeyError",[29016,29017,29018],{"id":27851,"depth":130,"text":27852},{"id":27947,"depth":130,"text":27948},{"id":28055,"depth":130,"text":29019},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":29021},[29022,29024,29026,29028],{"id":28165,"depth":130,"text":29023},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28298,"depth":130,"text":29025},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28403,"depth":130,"text":29027},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28520,"depth":130,"text":29029},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28621,"depth":123,"text":28622},{"id":9462,"depth":123,"text":9463},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":29033},[29034,29036,29037,29039,29041],{"id":28897,"depth":130,"text":29035},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28907,"depth":130,"text":28908},{"id":28921,"depth":130,"text":29038},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28929,"depth":130,"text":29040},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28946,"depth":130,"text":29042},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26770,"description":29044},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29051,"title":28975,"body":29052,"description":30992,"extension":2542,"meta":30993,"navigation":126,"path":30994,"seo":30995,"stem":30996,"__hash__":30997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29053,"toc":30956},[29054,29059,29064,29067,29075,29085,29087,29176,29180,29229,29234,29239,29243,29259,29262,29264,29279,29281,29297,29304,29308,29314,29323,29325,29394,29398,29419,29422,29441,29444,29467,29469,29472,29587,29591,29650,29657,29661,29667,29792,29796,29846,29849,29853,29860,29862,29925,29929,29950,29953,29962,29977,29985,29992,29996,30008,30012,30023,30025,30171,30175,30234,30241,30246,30250,30256,30279,30284,30303,30307,30378,30385,30458,30467,30472,30477,30488,30491,30628,30633,30665,30670,30672,30676,30736,30739,30796,30799,30842,30844,30849,30855,30861,30864,30871,30879,30884,30887,30894,30902,30904,30953],[10,29055,11910,29057,11914],{"id":29056},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[28,29058,13365],{},[14,29060,62,29061,29063],{},[28,29062,13365],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,29065,29066],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[228,29068,29069,29072],{},[231,29070,29071],{},"remove an item",[231,29073,29074],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,29076,29077,29078,29080,29081,29084],{},"In modern Python, ",[28,29079,13365],{}," removes the ",[67,29082,29083],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[72,29086,75],{"id":74},[21,29088,29090],{"className":23,"code":29089,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[28,29091,29092,29136,29152,29156,29166],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29093,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29095,9757],{"class":37},[31,29097,89],{"class":88},[31,29099,11082],{"class":41},[31,29101,260],{"class":259},[31,29103,264],{"class":263},[31,29105,260],{"class":259},[31,29107,48],{"class":41},[31,29109,6082],{"class":95},[31,29111,99],{"class":41},[31,29113,271],{"class":259},[31,29115,274],{"class":263},[31,29117,260],{"class":259},[31,29119,48],{"class":41},[31,29121,3571],{"class":95},[31,29123,99],{"class":41},[31,29125,271],{"class":259},[31,29127,283],{"class":263},[31,29129,260],{"class":259},[31,29131,48],{"class":41},[31,29133,3027],{"class":95},[31,29135,9900],{"class":41},[31,29137,29138,29141,29143,29145,29147,29150],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29139,29140],{"class":37},"item ",[31,29142,89],{"class":88},[31,29144,15164],{"class":37},[31,29146,70],{"class":41},[31,29148,29149],{"class":140},"popitem",[31,29151,1772],{"class":41},[31,29153,29154],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,29155,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,29157,29158,29160,29162,29164],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,29159,134],{"class":133},[31,29161,137],{"class":41},[31,29163,23910],{"class":140},[31,29165,120],{"class":41},[31,29167,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,29169,134],{"class":133},[31,29171,137],{"class":41},[31,29173,9796],{"class":140},[31,29175,120],{"class":41},[14,29177,29178],{},[67,29179,358],{},[21,29181,29183],{"className":23,"code":29182,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[28,29184,29185,29201],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29186,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29188,137],{"class":41},[31,29190,370],{"class":259},[31,29192,283],{"class":263},[31,29194,370],{"class":259},[31,29196,99],{"class":41},[31,29198,3027],{"class":95},[31,29200,120],{"class":41},[31,29202,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29204,9869],{"class":41},[31,29206,370],{"class":259},[31,29208,264],{"class":263},[31,29210,370],{"class":259},[31,29212,48],{"class":41},[31,29214,6082],{"class":95},[31,29216,99],{"class":41},[31,29218,379],{"class":259},[31,29220,274],{"class":263},[31,29222,370],{"class":259},[31,29224,48],{"class":41},[31,29226,3571],{"class":95},[31,29228,9900],{"class":41},[14,29230,29231,29233],{},[28,29232,13365],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[72,29235,4255,29237,4258],{"id":29236},"what-popitem-does",[28,29238,13365],{},[14,29240,29241,48],{},[28,29242,13365],{},[228,29244,29245,29248,29253,29256],{},[231,29246,29247],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[231,29249,29250,29251],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[28,29252,22254],{},[231,29254,29255],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[231,29257,29258],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,29260,29261],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[72,29263,2733],{"id":2732},[21,29265,29267],{"className":23,"code":29266,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[28,29268,29269],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29270,29271,29273,29275,29277],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29272,16202],{"class":37},[31,29274,70],{"class":41},[31,29276,29149],{"class":140},[31,29278,1772],{"class":41},[14,29280,12051],{},[228,29282,29283,29291,29294],{},[231,29284,29285,29287,29288],{},[28,29286,13365],{}," takes ",[67,29289,29290],{},"no arguments",[231,29292,29293],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[231,29295,29296],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,29298,29299,29300,7217],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[264,29301,29302],{"href":13161},[28,29303,13358],{},[72,29305,29307],{"id":29306},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,29309,29310,29311,29313],{},"The value returned by ",[28,29312,13365],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29315,29316,29317,29320],"ol",{},[231,29318,29319],{},"the key",[231,29321,29322],{},"the value",[14,29324,242],{},[21,29326,29328],{"className":23,"code":29327,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,29329,29330,29366,29380,29384],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29331,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29333,13801],{"class":37},[31,29335,89],{"class":88},[31,29337,11082],{"class":41},[31,29339,260],{"class":259},[31,29341,8256],{"class":263},[31,29343,260],{"class":259},[31,29345,48],{"class":41},[31,29347,271],{"class":259},[31,29349,5587],{"class":263},[31,29351,260],{"class":259},[31,29353,99],{"class":41},[31,29355,271],{"class":259},[31,29357,9890],{"class":263},[31,29359,260],{"class":259},[31,29361,48],{"class":41},[31,29363,9897],{"class":95},[31,29365,9900],{"class":41},[31,29367,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29369,1522],{"class":37},[31,29371,89],{"class":88},[31,29373,13844],{"class":37},[31,29375,70],{"class":41},[31,29377,29149],{"class":140},[31,29379,1772],{"class":41},[31,29381,29382],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,29383,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,29385,29386,29388,29390,29392],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,29387,134],{"class":133},[31,29389,137],{"class":41},[31,29391,1550],{"class":140},[31,29393,120],{"class":41},[14,29395,29396],{},[67,29397,358],{},[21,29399,29401],{"className":23,"code":29400,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('age', 25)\n",[28,29402,29403],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29404,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29406,137],{"class":41},[31,29408,370],{"class":259},[31,29410,9890],{"class":263},[31,29412,370],{"class":259},[31,29414,99],{"class":41},[31,29416,9897],{"class":95},[31,29418,120],{"class":41},[14,29420,29421],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[21,29423,29425],{"className":23,"code":29424,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = person.popitem()\n",[28,29426,29427],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29428,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29430,1522],{"class":37},[31,29432,89],{"class":88},[31,29434,13844],{"class":37},[31,29436,70],{"class":41},[31,29438,29149],{"class":140},[31,29440,1772],{"class":41},[14,29442,29443],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[21,29445,29447],{"className":23,"code":29446,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[28,29448,29449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29450,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459,29461,29463,29465],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29452,15439],{"class":37},[31,29454,99],{"class":41},[31,29456,22183],{"class":37},[31,29458,89],{"class":88},[31,29460,13844],{"class":37},[31,29462,70],{"class":41},[31,29464,29149],{"class":140},[31,29466,1772],{"class":41},[72,29468,12068],{"id":12067},[14,29470,29471],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[21,29473,29475],{"className":23,"code":29474,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[28,29476,29477,29525,29529,29544,29548,29568],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29478,29479,29481,29483,29485,29487,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506,29509,29511,29513,29516,29518,29520,29523],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29480,5647],{"class":37},[31,29482,89],{"class":88},[31,29484,11082],{"class":41},[31,29486,260],{"class":259},[31,29488,29489],{"class":263},"Tom",[31,29491,260],{"class":259},[31,29493,48],{"class":41},[31,29495,5659],{"class":95},[31,29497,99],{"class":41},[31,29499,271],{"class":259},[31,29501,13476],{"class":263},[31,29503,260],{"class":259},[31,29505,48],{"class":41},[31,29507,29508],{"class":95}," 95",[31,29510,99],{"class":41},[31,29512,271],{"class":259},[31,29514,29515],{"class":263},"Leo",[31,29517,260],{"class":259},[31,29519,48],{"class":41},[31,29521,29522],{"class":95}," 88",[31,29524,9900],{"class":41},[31,29526,29527],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29528,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,29530,29531,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,29532,29533],{"class":37},"removed_pair ",[31,29535,89],{"class":88},[31,29537,5693],{"class":37},[31,29539,70],{"class":41},[31,29541,29149],{"class":140},[31,29543,1772],{"class":41},[31,29545,29546],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,29547,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,29549,29550,29552,29554,29556,29559,29561,29563,29566],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,29551,134],{"class":133},[31,29553,137],{"class":41},[31,29555,260],{"class":259},[31,29557,29558],{"class":263},"Removed:",[31,29560,260],{"class":259},[31,29562,99],{"class":41},[31,29564,29565],{"class":140}," removed_pair",[31,29567,120],{"class":41},[31,29569,29570,29572,29574,29576,29579,29581,29583,29585],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,29571,134],{"class":133},[31,29573,137],{"class":41},[31,29575,260],{"class":259},[31,29577,29578],{"class":263},"After removal:",[31,29580,260],{"class":259},[31,29582,99],{"class":41},[31,29584,5693],{"class":140},[31,29586,120],{"class":41},[14,29588,29589],{},[67,29590,358],{},[21,29592,29594],{"className":23,"code":29593,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[28,29595,29596,29617],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29597,29598,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29599,29600],{"class":37},"Removed",[31,29602,48],{"class":41},[31,29604,92],{"class":41},[31,29606,370],{"class":259},[31,29608,29515],{"class":263},[31,29610,370],{"class":259},[31,29612,99],{"class":41},[31,29614,29522],{"class":95},[31,29616,120],{"class":41},[31,29618,29619,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29620,29621],{"class":37},"After removal",[31,29623,48],{"class":41},[31,29625,11082],{"class":41},[31,29627,370],{"class":259},[31,29629,29489],{"class":263},[31,29631,370],{"class":259},[31,29633,48],{"class":41},[31,29635,5659],{"class":95},[31,29637,99],{"class":41},[31,29639,379],{"class":259},[31,29641,13476],{"class":263},[31,29643,370],{"class":259},[31,29645,48],{"class":41},[31,29647,29508],{"class":95},[31,29649,9900],{"class":41},[14,29651,29652,29653,29656],{},"The last inserted item was ",[28,29654,29655],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[72,29658,29660],{"id":29659},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29662,29663,29664,29666],{},"Because ",[28,29665,13365],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[21,29668,29670],{"className":23,"code":29669,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[28,29671,29672,29708,29712,29731,29735,29754,29773],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29673,29674,29676,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704,29706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29675,16045],{"class":37},[31,29677,89],{"class":88},[31,29679,11082],{"class":41},[31,29681,260],{"class":259},[31,29683,16056],{"class":263},[31,29685,260],{"class":259},[31,29687,48],{"class":41},[31,29689,271],{"class":259},[31,29691,16065],{"class":263},[31,29693,260],{"class":259},[31,29695,99],{"class":41},[31,29697,271],{"class":259},[31,29699,16076],{"class":263},[31,29701,260],{"class":259},[31,29703,48],{"class":41},[31,29705,27508],{"class":95},[31,29707,9900],{"class":41},[31,29709,29710],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29711,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,29713,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29725,29727,29729],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,29715,15439],{"class":37},[31,29717,99],{"class":41},[31,29719,22183],{"class":37},[31,29721,89],{"class":88},[31,29723,29724],{"class":37}," book",[31,29726,70],{"class":41},[31,29728,29149],{"class":140},[31,29730,1772],{"class":41},[31,29732,29733],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,29734,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,29736,29737,29739,29741,29743,29746,29748,29750,29752],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,29738,134],{"class":133},[31,29740,137],{"class":41},[31,29742,260],{"class":259},[31,29744,29745],{"class":263},"Key:",[31,29747,260],{"class":259},[31,29749,99],{"class":41},[31,29751,22178],{"class":140},[31,29753,120],{"class":41},[31,29755,29756,29758,29760,29762,29765,29767,29769,29771],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,29757,134],{"class":133},[31,29759,137],{"class":41},[31,29761,260],{"class":259},[31,29763,29764],{"class":263},"Value:",[31,29766,260],{"class":259},[31,29768,99],{"class":41},[31,29770,9023],{"class":140},[31,29772,120],{"class":41},[31,29774,29775,29777,29779,29781,29784,29786,29788,29790],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,29776,134],{"class":133},[31,29778,137],{"class":41},[31,29780,260],{"class":259},[31,29782,29783],{"class":263},"Dictionary:",[31,29785,260],{"class":259},[31,29787,99],{"class":41},[31,29789,29724],{"class":140},[31,29791,120],{"class":41},[14,29793,29794],{},[67,29795,358],{},[21,29797,29799],{"className":23,"code":29798,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[28,29800,29801,29811,29821],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29802,29803,29806,29808],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29804,29805],{"class":37},"Key",[31,29807,48],{"class":41},[31,29809,29810],{"class":37}," pages\n",[31,29812,29813,29816,29818],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29814,29815],{"class":37},"Value",[31,29817,48],{"class":41},[31,29819,29820],{"class":95}," 200\n",[31,29822,29823,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838,29840,29842,29844],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,29824,29825],{"class":37},"Dictionary",[31,29827,48],{"class":41},[31,29829,11082],{"class":41},[31,29831,370],{"class":259},[31,29833,16056],{"class":263},[31,29835,370],{"class":259},[31,29837,48],{"class":41},[31,29839,379],{"class":259},[31,29841,16065],{"class":263},[31,29843,370],{"class":259},[31,29845,9900],{"class":41},[14,29847,29848],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[72,29850,29852],{"id":29851},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29854,29855,29856,29080,29858,70],{},"In current Python versions, ",[28,29857,13365],{},[67,29859,29083],{},[14,29861,242],{},[21,29863,29865],{"className":23,"code":29864,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[28,29866,29867,29911],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29868,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899,29901,29903,29905,29907,29909],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29870,9757],{"class":37},[31,29872,89],{"class":88},[31,29874,11082],{"class":41},[31,29876,260],{"class":259},[31,29878,2750],{"class":263},[31,29880,260],{"class":259},[31,29882,48],{"class":41},[31,29884,6082],{"class":95},[31,29886,99],{"class":41},[31,29888,271],{"class":259},[31,29890,12339],{"class":263},[31,29892,260],{"class":259},[31,29894,48],{"class":41},[31,29896,3571],{"class":95},[31,29898,99],{"class":41},[31,29900,271],{"class":259},[31,29902,22676],{"class":263},[31,29904,260],{"class":259},[31,29906,48],{"class":41},[31,29908,3027],{"class":95},[31,29910,9900],{"class":41},[31,29912,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921,29923],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,29914,134],{"class":133},[31,29916,137],{"class":41},[31,29918,9796],{"class":140},[31,29920,70],{"class":41},[31,29922,29149],{"class":140},[31,29924,7781],{"class":41},[14,29926,29927],{},[67,29928,358],{},[21,29930,29932],{"className":23,"code":29931,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('z', 3)\n",[28,29933,29934],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,29935,29936,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946,29948],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,29937,137],{"class":41},[31,29939,370],{"class":259},[31,29941,22676],{"class":263},[31,29943,370],{"class":259},[31,29945,99],{"class":41},[31,29947,3027],{"class":95},[31,29949,120],{"class":41},[14,29951,29952],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29954,29955,29956,29958,29959,29961],{},"As a beginner, do ",[67,29957,5213],{}," think of ",[28,29960,13365],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29963,29964,29965,2766,29969,17670,29973,70],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[264,29966,29967],{"href":17673},[28,29968,17676],{},[264,29970,29971],{"href":17660},[28,29972,17663],{},[264,29974,29975],{"href":17666},[28,29976,17669],{},[72,29978,29980,29981,4975,29983],{"id":29979},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[28,29982,13365],{},[28,29984,13358],{},[14,29986,29987,4975,29989,29991],{},[28,29988,13365],{},[28,29990,13358],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[613,29993,29994],{"id":29149},[28,29995,13365],{},[228,29997,29998,30001,30004],{},[231,29999,30000],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[231,30002,30003],{},"does not need a key argument",[231,30005,4270,30006],{},[28,30007,22254],{},[613,30009,30010],{"id":26842},[28,30011,13358],{},[228,30013,30014,30017,30020],{},[231,30015,30016],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[231,30018,30019],{},"needs the key name",[231,30021,30022],{},"returns only the value",[14,30024,242],{},[21,30026,30028],{"className":23,"code":30027,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[28,30029,30030,30074,30078,30092,30112,30116,30138,30157,30161],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30031,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064,30066,30068,30070,30072],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30033,9757],{"class":37},[31,30035,89],{"class":88},[31,30037,11082],{"class":41},[31,30039,260],{"class":259},[31,30041,264],{"class":263},[31,30043,260],{"class":259},[31,30045,48],{"class":41},[31,30047,6082],{"class":95},[31,30049,99],{"class":41},[31,30051,271],{"class":259},[31,30053,274],{"class":263},[31,30055,260],{"class":259},[31,30057,48],{"class":41},[31,30059,3571],{"class":95},[31,30061,99],{"class":41},[31,30063,271],{"class":259},[31,30065,283],{"class":263},[31,30067,260],{"class":259},[31,30069,48],{"class":41},[31,30071,3027],{"class":95},[31,30073,9900],{"class":41},[31,30075,30076],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30077,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30079,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30081,29140],{"class":37},[31,30083,89],{"class":88},[31,30085,15164],{"class":37},[31,30087,70],{"class":41},[31,30089,29149],{"class":140},[31,30091,1772],{"class":41},[31,30093,30094,30096,30098,30100,30103,30105,30107,30110],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,30095,134],{"class":133},[31,30097,137],{"class":41},[31,30099,260],{"class":259},[31,30101,30102],{"class":263},"popitem():",[31,30104,260],{"class":259},[31,30106,99],{"class":41},[31,30108,30109],{"class":140}," item",[31,30111,120],{"class":41},[31,30113,30114],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,30115,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30117,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,30119,3022],{"class":37},[31,30121,89],{"class":88},[31,30123,15164],{"class":37},[31,30125,70],{"class":41},[31,30127,26842],{"class":140},[31,30129,137],{"class":41},[31,30131,260],{"class":259},[31,30133,264],{"class":263},[31,30135,260],{"class":259},[31,30137,120],{"class":41},[31,30139,30140,30142,30144,30146,30149,30151,30153,30155],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,30141,134],{"class":133},[31,30143,137],{"class":41},[31,30145,260],{"class":259},[31,30147,30148],{"class":263},"pop('a'):",[31,30150,260],{"class":259},[31,30152,99],{"class":41},[31,30154,9023],{"class":140},[31,30156,120],{"class":41},[31,30158,30159],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,30160,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,30164,134],{"class":133},[31,30166,137],{"class":41},[31,30168,9796],{"class":140},[31,30170,120],{"class":41},[14,30172,30173],{},[67,30174,358],{},[21,30176,30178],{"className":23,"code":30177,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[28,30179,30180,30201,30218],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30181,30182,30184,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30183,29149],{"class":140},[31,30185,30186],{"class":41},"():",[31,30188,92],{"class":41},[31,30190,370],{"class":259},[31,30192,283],{"class":263},[31,30194,370],{"class":259},[31,30196,99],{"class":41},[31,30198,3027],{"class":95},[31,30200,120],{"class":41},[31,30202,30203,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30204,26842],{"class":140},[31,30206,137],{"class":41},[31,30208,370],{"class":259},[31,30210,264],{"class":263},[31,30212,370],{"class":259},[31,30214,17049],{"class":41},[31,30216,30217],{"class":95}," 1\n",[31,30219,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30221,9869],{"class":41},[31,30223,370],{"class":259},[31,30225,274],{"class":263},[31,30227,370],{"class":259},[31,30229,48],{"class":41},[31,30231,3571],{"class":95},[31,30233,9900],{"class":41},[14,30235,2668,30236,30240],{},[264,30237,30238],{"href":13161},[28,30239,13358],{}," when you know the key.",[14,30242,2668,30243,30245],{},[28,30244,13365],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[72,30247,30249],{"id":30248},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,30251,30252,30253,30255],{},"Calling ",[28,30254,13365],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[21,30257,30259],{"className":23,"code":30258,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[28,30260,30261,30269],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30262,30263,30265,30267],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30264,9757],{"class":37},[31,30266,89],{"class":88},[31,30268,10429],{"class":41},[31,30270,30271,30273,30275,30277],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30272,9796],{"class":37},[31,30274,70],{"class":41},[31,30276,29149],{"class":140},[31,30278,1772],{"class":41},[14,30280,30281],{},[67,30282,30283],{},"Error:",[21,30285,30287],{"className":23,"code":30286,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[28,30288,30289],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30290,30291,30293,30295,30297,30300],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30292,20286],{"class":1561},[31,30294,48],{"class":41},[31,30296,379],{"class":259},[31,30298,30299],{"class":263},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[31,30301,30302],{"class":259},"'\n",[613,30304,30306],{"id":30305},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[21,30308,30310],{"className":23,"code":30309,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[28,30311,30312,30320,30324,30332,30347,30357,30363],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30313,30314,30316,30318],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30315,9757],{"class":37},[31,30317,89],{"class":88},[31,30319,10429],{"class":41},[31,30321,30322],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30323,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30325,30326,30328,30330],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30327,7584],{"class":4457},[31,30329,15164],{"class":37},[31,30331,6978],{"class":41},[31,30333,30334,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,30335,30336],{"class":37},"    item ",[31,30338,89],{"class":88},[31,30340,15164],{"class":37},[31,30342,70],{"class":41},[31,30344,29149],{"class":140},[31,30346,1772],{"class":41},[31,30348,30349,30351,30353,30355],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,30350,8657],{"class":133},[31,30352,137],{"class":41},[31,30354,23910],{"class":140},[31,30356,120],{"class":41},[31,30358,30359,30361],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,30360,28035],{"class":4457},[31,30362,6978],{"class":41},[31,30364,30365,30367,30369,30371,30374,30376],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,30366,8657],{"class":133},[31,30368,137],{"class":41},[31,30370,260],{"class":259},[31,30372,30373],{"class":263},"Dictionary is empty",[31,30375,260],{"class":259},[31,30377,120],{"class":41},[613,30379,30381,30382],{"id":30380},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[28,30383,30384],{},"try-except",[21,30386,30388],{"className":23,"code":30387,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[28,30389,30390,30398,30402,30409,30423,30433,30443],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30391,30392,30394,30396],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30393,9757],{"class":37},[31,30395,89],{"class":88},[31,30397,10429],{"class":41},[31,30399,30400],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30401,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30403,30404,30407],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30405,30406],{"class":4457},"try",[31,30408,6978],{"class":41},[31,30410,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,30412,30336],{"class":37},[31,30414,89],{"class":88},[31,30416,15164],{"class":37},[31,30418,70],{"class":41},[31,30420,29149],{"class":140},[31,30422,1772],{"class":41},[31,30424,30425,30427,30429,30431],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,30426,8657],{"class":133},[31,30428,137],{"class":41},[31,30430,23910],{"class":140},[31,30432,120],{"class":41},[31,30434,30435,30438,30441],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,30436,30437],{"class":4457},"except",[31,30439,30440],{"class":1561}," KeyError",[31,30442,6978],{"class":41},[31,30444,30445,30447,30449,30451,30454,30456],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,30446,8657],{"class":133},[31,30448,137],{"class":41},[31,30450,260],{"class":259},[31,30452,30453],{"class":263},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[31,30455,260],{"class":259},[31,30457,120],{"class":41},[14,30459,30460,30461,70],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[264,30462,26280,30464],{"href":30463},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[28,30465,30466],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[72,30468,5544,30470],{"id":30469},"when-to-use-popitem",[28,30471,13365],{},[14,30473,30474,30476],{},[28,30475,13365],{}," is useful when:",[228,30478,30479,30482,30485],{},[231,30480,30481],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[231,30483,30484],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[231,30486,30487],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30489,30490],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[21,30492,30494],{"className":23,"code":30493,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[28,30495,30496,30505,30525,30545,30563,30567,30571,30581,30600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30497,30498,30501,30503],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30499,30500],{"class":37},"tasks ",[31,30502,89],{"class":88},[31,30504,12086],{"class":41},[31,30506,30507,30509,30512,30514,30516,30518,30521,30523],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30508,12091],{"class":259},[31,30510,30511],{"class":263},"first",[31,30513,260],{"class":259},[31,30515,48],{"class":41},[31,30517,271],{"class":259},[31,30519,30520],{"class":263},"wash dishes",[31,30522,260],{"class":259},[31,30524,12107],{"class":41},[31,30526,30527,30529,30532,30534,30536,30538,30541,30543],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30528,12091],{"class":259},[31,30530,30531],{"class":263},"second",[31,30533,260],{"class":259},[31,30535,48],{"class":41},[31,30537,271],{"class":259},[31,30539,30540],{"class":263},"do homework",[31,30542,260],{"class":259},[31,30544,12107],{"class":41},[31,30546,30547,30549,30552,30554,30556,30558,30561],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,30548,12091],{"class":259},[31,30550,30551],{"class":263},"third",[31,30553,260],{"class":259},[31,30555,48],{"class":41},[31,30557,271],{"class":259},[31,30559,30560],{"class":263},"read book",[31,30562,3934],{"class":259},[31,30564,30565],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,30566,9900],{"class":41},[31,30568,30569],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,30570,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30572,30573,30576,30579],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,30574,30575],{"class":4457},"while",[31,30577,30578],{"class":37}," tasks",[31,30580,6978],{"class":41},[31,30582,30583,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,30584,30585],{"class":37},"    key",[31,30587,99],{"class":41},[31,30589,22183],{"class":37},[31,30591,89],{"class":88},[31,30593,30578],{"class":37},[31,30595,70],{"class":41},[31,30597,29149],{"class":140},[31,30599,1772],{"class":41},[31,30601,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,30603,8657],{"class":133},[31,30605,137],{"class":41},[31,30607,22893],{"class":1596},[31,30609,260],{"class":263},[31,30611,9869],{"class":95},[31,30613,15439],{"class":140},[31,30615,22902],{"class":95},[31,30617,22905],{"class":263},[31,30619,9869],{"class":95},[31,30621,3049],{"class":140},[31,30623,22902],{"class":95},[31,30625,260],{"class":263},[31,30627,120],{"class":41},[14,30629,30630],{},[67,30631,30632],{},"Possible output:",[21,30634,30636],{"className":23,"code":30635,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[28,30637,30638,30647,30656],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30639,30640,30642,30644],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30641,30551],{"class":37},[31,30643,48],{"class":41},[31,30645,30646],{"class":37}," read book\n",[31,30648,30649,30651,30653],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30650,30531],{"class":37},[31,30652,48],{"class":41},[31,30654,30655],{"class":37}," do homework\n",[31,30657,30658,30660,30662],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30659,30511],{"class":37},[31,30661,48],{"class":41},[31,30663,30664],{"class":37}," wash dishes\n",[14,30666,29663,30667,30669],{},[28,30668,13365],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[72,30671,3407],{"id":3406},[14,30673,15331,30674,48],{},[28,30675,13365],{},[228,30677,30678,30692,30711,30722],{},[231,30679,30680,30685],{},[67,30681,30252,30682,30684],{},[28,30683,13365],{}," on an empty dictionary",[228,30686,30687],{},[231,30688,30689,30690,70],{},"This raises ",[28,30691,20286],{},[231,30693,30694,30699],{},[67,30695,9043,30696,30698],{},[28,30697,13365],{}," to remove a specific key",[228,30700,30701,30704],{},[231,30702,30703],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[231,30705,2668,30706,30710],{},[264,30707,30708],{"href":13161},[28,30709,13358],{}," if you need that.",[231,30712,30713,30717],{},[67,30714,5287,30715,28301],{},[28,30716,13365],{},[228,30718,30719],{},[231,30720,30721],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[231,30723,30724,30727],{},[67,30725,30726],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[228,30728,30729],{},[231,30730,30731,22574,30733,30735],{},[28,30732,13365],{},[28,30734,22254],{}," tuple.",[14,30737,30738],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[21,30740,30742],{"className":23,"code":30741,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[28,30743,30744,30754,30768,30772,30786],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30745,30746,30748,30750,30752],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30747,134],{"class":133},[31,30749,137],{"class":41},[31,30751,12042],{"class":140},[31,30753,120],{"class":41},[31,30755,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30757,134],{"class":133},[31,30759,137],{"class":41},[31,30761,2408],{"class":133},[31,30763,137],{"class":41},[31,30765,12042],{"class":140},[31,30767,1569],{"class":41},[31,30769,30770],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30771,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,30773,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,30775,29140],{"class":37},[31,30777,89],{"class":88},[31,30779,12360],{"class":37},[31,30781,70],{"class":41},[31,30783,29149],{"class":140},[31,30785,1772],{"class":41},[31,30787,30788,30790,30792,30794],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,30789,134],{"class":133},[31,30791,137],{"class":41},[31,30793,23910],{"class":140},[31,30795,120],{"class":41},[14,30797,30798],{},"Or with unpacking:",[21,30800,30802],{"className":23,"code":30801,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[28,30803,30804,30822,30832],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,30805,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,30807,15439],{"class":37},[31,30809,99],{"class":41},[31,30811,22183],{"class":37},[31,30813,89],{"class":88},[31,30815,12360],{"class":37},[31,30817,70],{"class":41},[31,30819,29149],{"class":140},[31,30821,1772],{"class":41},[31,30823,30824,30826,30828,30830],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,30825,134],{"class":133},[31,30827,137],{"class":41},[31,30829,15439],{"class":140},[31,30831,120],{"class":41},[31,30833,30834,30836,30838,30840],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,30835,134],{"class":133},[31,30837,137],{"class":41},[31,30839,3049],{"class":140},[31,30841,120],{"class":41},[72,30843,2435],{"id":2434},[613,30845,2453,30847,5727],{"id":30846},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[28,30848,13365],{},[14,30850,30851,30852,70],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[28,30853,30854],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[613,30856,13299,30858,30860],{"id":30857},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[28,30859,13365],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30862,30863],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[613,30865,30867,30868,30870],{"id":30866},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[28,30869,13365],{}," removes?",[14,30872,30873,30874,30878],{},"No. Use ",[264,30875,30876],{"href":13161},[28,30877,13358],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[613,30880,13299,30882,15494],{"id":30881},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[28,30883,13365],{},[14,30885,30886],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[613,30888,30890,30891,30893],{"id":30889},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[28,30892,13365],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30895,30896,30897,30899,30900,70],{},"It raises ",[28,30898,20286],{}," with the message ",[28,30901,30299],{},[72,30903,2475],{"id":2474},[228,30905,30906,30913,30919,30925,30931,30938,30942,30946],{},[231,30907,30908],{},[264,30909,30910,30912],{"href":13161},[28,30911,13358],{}," method for dictionaries",[231,30914,30915],{},[264,30916,30917,30912],{"href":17673},[28,30918,17676],{},[231,30920,30921],{},[264,30922,30923,30912],{"href":17660},[28,30924,17663],{},[231,30926,30927],{},[264,30928,30929,30912],{"href":17666},[28,30930,17669],{},[231,30932,30933],{},[264,30934,30936,30912],{"href":30935},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[28,30937,11913],{},[231,30939,30940],{},[264,30941,13382],{"href":13168},[231,30943,30944],{},[264,30945,22056],{"href":17194},[231,30947,30948],{},[264,30949,30950,30951],{"href":30463},"Fix ",[28,30952,30466],{},[2499,30954,30955],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":30957},[30958,30959,30961,30962,30963,30964,30965,30966,30971,30976,30978,30979,30991],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":29236,"depth":123,"text":30960},"What popitem() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":29306,"depth":123,"text":29307},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":29659,"depth":123,"text":29660},{"id":29851,"depth":123,"text":29852},{"id":29979,"depth":123,"text":30967,"children":30968},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30969,30970],{"id":29149,"depth":130,"text":13365},{"id":26842,"depth":130,"text":13358},{"id":30248,"depth":123,"text":30249,"children":30972},[30973,30974],{"id":30305,"depth":130,"text":30306},{"id":30380,"depth":130,"text":30975},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30469,"depth":123,"text":30977},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":30980},[30981,30983,30985,30987,30989],{"id":30846,"depth":130,"text":30982},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30857,"depth":130,"text":30984},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30866,"depth":130,"text":30986},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30881,"depth":130,"text":30988},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30889,"depth":130,"text":30990},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28975,"description":30992},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30999,"title":31000,"body":31001,"description":32904,"extension":2542,"meta":32905,"navigation":126,"path":14630,"seo":32906,"stem":32907,"__hash__":32908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31002,"toc":32876},[31003,31008,31013,31016,31018,31115,31120,31125,31130,31133,31141,31144,31159,31161,31261,31263,31320,31324,31326,31329,31349,31354,31365,31368,31395,31398,31400,31457,31459,31480,31486,31491,31494,31505,31507,31615,31617,31670,31672,31684,31691,31697,31702,31705,31793,31795,31840,31843,31851,31854,31857,31926,31929,31932,31936,31939,32010,32012,32065,32068,32071,32074,32089,32092,32104,32107,32170,32172,32178,32180,32182,32261,32263,32304,32306,32371,32373,32410,32415,32420,32424,32438,32441,32564,32566,32651,32656,32658,32662,32684,32687,32767,32770,32789,32794,32796,32802,32807,32813,32816,32822,32825,32831,32836,32842,32848,32850,32873],[10,31004,11910,31006,11914],{"id":31005},"python-dictionary-update-method",[28,31007,15552],{},[14,31009,62,31010,31012],{},[28,31011,15552],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,31014,31015],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[72,31017,75],{"id":74},[21,31019,31021],{"className":23,"code":31020,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[28,31022,31023,31059,31100,31110],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31024,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31026,13801],{"class":37},[31,31028,89],{"class":88},[31,31030,11082],{"class":41},[31,31032,260],{"class":259},[31,31034,8256],{"class":263},[31,31036,260],{"class":259},[31,31038,48],{"class":41},[31,31040,271],{"class":259},[31,31042,13476],{"class":263},[31,31044,260],{"class":259},[31,31046,99],{"class":41},[31,31048,271],{"class":259},[31,31050,9890],{"class":263},[31,31052,260],{"class":259},[31,31054,48],{"class":41},[31,31056,102],{"class":95},[31,31058,9900],{"class":41},[31,31060,31061,31063,31065,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31062,17905],{"class":37},[31,31064,70],{"class":41},[31,31066,31067],{"class":140},"update",[31,31069,6114],{"class":41},[31,31071,260],{"class":259},[31,31073,9890],{"class":263},[31,31075,260],{"class":259},[31,31077,48],{"class":41},[31,31079,31080],{"class":95}," 21",[31,31082,99],{"class":41},[31,31084,271],{"class":259},[31,31086,11000],{"class":263},[31,31088,260],{"class":259},[31,31090,48],{"class":41},[31,31092,271],{"class":259},[31,31094,16628],{"class":263},[31,31096,260],{"class":259},[31,31098,31099],{"class":41},"})\n",[31,31101,31102,31104,31106,31108],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,31103,134],{"class":133},[31,31105,137],{"class":41},[31,31107,17905],{"class":140},[31,31109,120],{"class":41},[31,31111,31112],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,31113,31114],{"class":157},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,31116,2668,31117,31119],{},[28,31118,15552],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[72,31121,4255,31123,4258],{"id":31122},"what-update-does",[28,31124,15552],{},[14,31126,31127,31129],{},[28,31128,15552],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,31131,31132],{},"It can do two main things:",[228,31134,31135,31138],{},[231,31136,31137],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[231,31139,31140],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,31142,31143],{},"Important things to know:",[228,31145,31146,31149,31152,31156],{},[231,31147,31148],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[231,31150,31151],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[231,31153,5730,31154],{},[28,31155,4357],{},[231,31157,31158],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,31160,242],{},[21,31162,31164],{"className":23,"code":31163,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[28,31165,31166,31208,31251],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31167,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31204,31206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31169,13459],{"class":37},[31,31171,89],{"class":88},[31,31173,11082],{"class":41},[31,31175,260],{"class":259},[31,31177,8256],{"class":263},[31,31179,260],{"class":259},[31,31181,48],{"class":41},[31,31183,271],{"class":259},[31,31185,31186],{"class":263},"Mira",[31,31188,260],{"class":259},[31,31190,99],{"class":41},[31,31192,271],{"class":259},[31,31194,20490],{"class":263},[31,31196,260],{"class":259},[31,31198,48],{"class":41},[31,31200,271],{"class":259},[31,31202,31203],{"class":263},"B",[31,31205,260],{"class":259},[31,31207,9900],{"class":41},[31,31209,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31247,31249],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31211,14223],{"class":37},[31,31213,70],{"class":41},[31,31215,31067],{"class":140},[31,31217,6114],{"class":41},[31,31219,260],{"class":259},[31,31221,20490],{"class":263},[31,31223,260],{"class":259},[31,31225,48],{"class":41},[31,31227,271],{"class":259},[31,31229,22844],{"class":263},[31,31231,260],{"class":259},[31,31233,99],{"class":41},[31,31235,271],{"class":259},[31,31237,11000],{"class":263},[31,31239,260],{"class":259},[31,31241,48],{"class":41},[31,31243,271],{"class":259},[31,31245,31246],{"class":263},"Quito",[31,31248,260],{"class":259},[31,31250,31099],{"class":41},[31,31252,31253,31255,31257,31259],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,31254,134],{"class":133},[31,31256,137],{"class":41},[31,31258,14223],{"class":140},[31,31260,120],{"class":41},[14,31262,358],{},[21,31264,31266],{"className":23,"code":31265,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[28,31267,31268],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31269,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31271,9869],{"class":41},[31,31273,370],{"class":259},[31,31275,8256],{"class":263},[31,31277,370],{"class":259},[31,31279,48],{"class":41},[31,31281,379],{"class":259},[31,31283,31186],{"class":263},[31,31285,370],{"class":259},[31,31287,99],{"class":41},[31,31289,379],{"class":259},[31,31291,20490],{"class":263},[31,31293,370],{"class":259},[31,31295,48],{"class":41},[31,31297,379],{"class":259},[31,31299,22844],{"class":263},[31,31301,370],{"class":259},[31,31303,99],{"class":41},[31,31305,379],{"class":259},[31,31307,11000],{"class":263},[31,31309,370],{"class":259},[31,31311,48],{"class":41},[31,31313,379],{"class":259},[31,31315,31246],{"class":263},[31,31317,370],{"class":259},[31,31319,9900],{"class":41},[14,31321,9743,31322,70],{},[264,31323,25228],{"href":9982},[72,31325,2733],{"id":2732},[14,31327,31328],{},"The basic form is:",[21,31330,31332],{"className":23,"code":31331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[28,31333,31334],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31335,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31347],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31337,16202],{"class":37},[31,31339,70],{"class":41},[31,31341,31067],{"class":140},[31,31343,137],{"class":41},[31,31345,31346],{"class":140},"other",[31,31348,120],{"class":41},[14,31350,31351,31353],{},[28,31352,31346],{}," can be:",[228,31355,31356,31359,31362],{},[231,31357,31358],{},"Another dictionary",[231,31360,31361],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[231,31363,31364],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,31366,31367],{},"You can also use:",[21,31369,31371],{"className":23,"code":31370,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[28,31372,31373],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31374,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31376,16202],{"class":37},[31,31378,70],{"class":41},[31,31380,31067],{"class":140},[31,31382,137],{"class":41},[31,31384,8256],{"class":9767},[31,31386,89],{"class":88},[31,31388,260],{"class":259},[31,31390,8265],{"class":263},[31,31392,260],{"class":259},[31,31394,120],{"class":41},[14,31396,31397],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,31399,242],{},[21,31401,31403],{"className":23,"code":31402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[28,31404,31405,31425,31447],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31406,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31408,9757],{"class":37},[31,31410,89],{"class":88},[31,31412,11082],{"class":41},[31,31414,260],{"class":259},[31,31416,264],{"class":263},[31,31418,260],{"class":259},[31,31420,48],{"class":41},[31,31422,6082],{"class":95},[31,31424,9900],{"class":41},[31,31426,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31428,9796],{"class":37},[31,31430,70],{"class":41},[31,31432,31067],{"class":140},[31,31434,6114],{"class":41},[31,31436,260],{"class":259},[31,31438,264],{"class":263},[31,31440,260],{"class":259},[31,31442,48],{"class":41},[31,31444,1026],{"class":95},[31,31446,31099],{"class":41},[31,31448,31449,31451,31453,31455],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,31450,134],{"class":133},[31,31452,137],{"class":41},[31,31454,9796],{"class":140},[31,31456,120],{"class":41},[14,31458,358],{},[21,31460,31462],{"className":23,"code":31461,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a': 10}\n",[28,31463,31464],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31465,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31467,9869],{"class":41},[31,31469,370],{"class":259},[31,31471,264],{"class":263},[31,31473,370],{"class":259},[31,31475,48],{"class":41},[31,31477,1026],{"class":95},[31,31479,9900],{"class":41},[72,31481,9007,31483,31485],{"id":31482},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[28,31484,15552],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31487,31488,31489,70],{},"This is the most common use of ",[28,31490,15552],{},[14,31492,31493],{},"It is useful when:",[228,31495,31496,31499,31502],{},[231,31497,31498],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[231,31500,31501],{},"Adding extra settings",[231,31503,31504],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31506,242],{},[21,31508,31510],{"className":23,"code":31509,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[28,31511,31512,31549,31586,31590,31605],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31513,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31547],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31515,14423],{"class":37},[31,31517,89],{"class":88},[31,31519,11082],{"class":41},[31,31521,260],{"class":259},[31,31523,13089],{"class":263},[31,31525,260],{"class":259},[31,31527,48],{"class":41},[31,31529,271],{"class":259},[31,31531,21526],{"class":263},[31,31533,260],{"class":259},[31,31535,99],{"class":41},[31,31537,271],{"class":259},[31,31539,14448],{"class":263},[31,31541,260],{"class":259},[31,31543,48],{"class":41},[31,31545,31546],{"class":95}," 12",[31,31548,9900],{"class":41},[31,31550,31551,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31552,31553],{"class":37},"new_settings ",[31,31555,89],{"class":88},[31,31557,11082],{"class":41},[31,31559,260],{"class":259},[31,31561,14448],{"class":263},[31,31563,260],{"class":259},[31,31565,48],{"class":41},[31,31567,14455],{"class":95},[31,31569,99],{"class":41},[31,31571,271],{"class":259},[31,31573,20722],{"class":263},[31,31575,260],{"class":259},[31,31577,48],{"class":41},[31,31579,271],{"class":259},[31,31581,20756],{"class":263},[31,31583,260],{"class":259},[31,31585,9900],{"class":41},[31,31587,31588],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,31589,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,31591,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31603],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,31593,14482],{"class":37},[31,31595,70],{"class":41},[31,31597,31067],{"class":140},[31,31599,137],{"class":41},[31,31601,31602],{"class":140},"new_settings",[31,31604,120],{"class":41},[31,31606,31607,31609,31611,31613],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,31608,134],{"class":133},[31,31610,137],{"class":41},[31,31612,14482],{"class":140},[31,31614,120],{"class":41},[14,31616,358],{},[21,31618,31620],{"className":23,"code":31619,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[28,31621,31622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31623,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31625,9869],{"class":41},[31,31627,370],{"class":259},[31,31629,13089],{"class":263},[31,31631,370],{"class":259},[31,31633,48],{"class":41},[31,31635,379],{"class":259},[31,31637,21526],{"class":263},[31,31639,370],{"class":259},[31,31641,99],{"class":41},[31,31643,379],{"class":259},[31,31645,14448],{"class":263},[31,31647,370],{"class":259},[31,31649,48],{"class":41},[31,31651,14455],{"class":95},[31,31653,99],{"class":41},[31,31655,379],{"class":259},[31,31657,20722],{"class":263},[31,31659,370],{"class":259},[31,31661,48],{"class":41},[31,31663,379],{"class":259},[31,31665,20756],{"class":263},[31,31667,370],{"class":259},[31,31669,9900],{"class":41},[14,31671,14006],{},[228,31673,31674,31679],{},[231,31675,31676,31678],{},[28,31677,14448],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[231,31680,31681,31683],{},[28,31682,20722],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31685,31686,31687,70],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[264,31688,31690],{"href":31689},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[72,31692,9007,31694,31696],{"id":31693},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[28,31695,15552],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31698,31699,31701],{},[28,31700,15552],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31703,31704],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[21,31706,31708],{"className":23,"code":31707,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[28,31709,31710,31730,31765,31769,31783],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31711,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31713,5647],{"class":37},[31,31715,89],{"class":88},[31,31717,11082],{"class":41},[31,31719,260],{"class":259},[31,31721,19016],{"class":263},[31,31723,260],{"class":259},[31,31725,48],{"class":41},[31,31727,20497],{"class":95},[31,31729,9900],{"class":41},[31,31731,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31757,31759,31761,31763],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31733,9807],{"class":37},[31,31735,89],{"class":88},[31,31737,9812],{"class":41},[31,31739,260],{"class":259},[31,31741,19025],{"class":263},[31,31743,260],{"class":259},[31,31745,99],{"class":41},[31,31747,14104],{"class":95},[31,31749,9825],{"class":41},[31,31751,92],{"class":41},[31,31753,260],{"class":259},[31,31755,31756],{"class":263},"english",[31,31758,260],{"class":259},[31,31760,99],{"class":41},[31,31762,29522],{"class":95},[31,31764,9840],{"class":41},[31,31766,31767],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,31768,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,31770,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,31772,16986],{"class":37},[31,31774,70],{"class":41},[31,31776,31067],{"class":140},[31,31778,137],{"class":41},[31,31780,9853],{"class":140},[31,31782,120],{"class":41},[31,31784,31785,31787,31789,31791],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,31786,134],{"class":133},[31,31788,137],{"class":41},[31,31790,16986],{"class":140},[31,31792,120],{"class":41},[14,31794,358],{},[21,31796,31798],{"className":23,"code":31797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[28,31799,31800],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31801,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31803,9869],{"class":41},[31,31805,370],{"class":259},[31,31807,19016],{"class":263},[31,31809,370],{"class":259},[31,31811,48],{"class":41},[31,31813,20497],{"class":95},[31,31815,99],{"class":41},[31,31817,379],{"class":259},[31,31819,19025],{"class":263},[31,31821,370],{"class":259},[31,31823,48],{"class":41},[31,31825,14104],{"class":95},[31,31827,99],{"class":41},[31,31829,379],{"class":259},[31,31831,31756],{"class":263},[31,31833,370],{"class":259},[31,31835,48],{"class":41},[31,31837,29522],{"class":95},[31,31839,9900],{"class":41},[14,31841,31842],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[228,31844,31845,31848],{},[231,31846,31847],{},"The key",[231,31849,31850],{},"The value",[14,31852,31853],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31855,31856],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[21,31858,31860],{"className":23,"code":31859,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[28,31861,31862,31882,31907,31911],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31863,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31865,9757],{"class":37},[31,31867,89],{"class":88},[31,31869,11082],{"class":41},[31,31871,260],{"class":259},[31,31873,264],{"class":263},[31,31875,260],{"class":259},[31,31877,48],{"class":41},[31,31879,6082],{"class":95},[31,31881,9900],{"class":41},[31,31883,31884,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31885,31886],{"class":37},"bad_pairs ",[31,31888,89],{"class":88},[31,31890,9812],{"class":41},[31,31892,260],{"class":259},[31,31894,274],{"class":263},[31,31896,260],{"class":259},[31,31898,99],{"class":41},[31,31900,3571],{"class":95},[31,31902,99],{"class":41},[31,31904,3027],{"class":95},[31,31906,9840],{"class":41},[31,31908,31909],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,31910,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,31912,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31924],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,31914,9796],{"class":37},[31,31916,70],{"class":41},[31,31918,31067],{"class":140},[31,31920,137],{"class":41},[31,31922,31923],{"class":140},"bad_pairs",[31,31925,120],{"class":41},[14,31927,31928],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31930,31931],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[72,31933,31935],{"id":31934},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31937,31938],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[21,31940,31942],{"className":23,"code":31941,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[28,31943,31944,31968,32000],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,31945,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,31947,12081],{"class":37},[31,31949,89],{"class":88},[31,31951,11082],{"class":41},[31,31953,260],{"class":259},[31,31955,8256],{"class":263},[31,31957,260],{"class":259},[31,31959,48],{"class":41},[31,31961,271],{"class":259},[31,31963,29515],{"class":263},[31,31965,260],{"class":259},[31,31967,9900],{"class":41},[31,31969,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31989,31991,31993,31996,31998],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,31971,12175],{"class":37},[31,31973,70],{"class":41},[31,31975,31067],{"class":140},[31,31977,137],{"class":41},[31,31979,9890],{"class":9767},[31,31981,89],{"class":88},[31,31983,9785],{"class":95},[31,31985,99],{"class":41},[31,31987,31988],{"class":9767}," city",[31,31990,89],{"class":88},[31,31992,260],{"class":259},[31,31994,31995],{"class":263},"Madrid",[31,31997,260],{"class":259},[31,31999,120],{"class":41},[31,32001,32002,32004,32006,32008],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,32003,134],{"class":133},[31,32005,137],{"class":41},[31,32007,12175],{"class":140},[31,32009,120],{"class":41},[14,32011,358],{},[21,32013,32015],{"className":23,"code":32014,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[28,32016,32017],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32018,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32020,9869],{"class":41},[31,32022,370],{"class":259},[31,32024,8256],{"class":263},[31,32026,370],{"class":259},[31,32028,48],{"class":41},[31,32030,379],{"class":259},[31,32032,29515],{"class":263},[31,32034,370],{"class":259},[31,32036,99],{"class":41},[31,32038,379],{"class":259},[31,32040,9890],{"class":263},[31,32042,370],{"class":259},[31,32044,48],{"class":41},[31,32046,9897],{"class":95},[31,32048,99],{"class":41},[31,32050,379],{"class":259},[31,32052,11000],{"class":263},[31,32054,370],{"class":259},[31,32056,48],{"class":41},[31,32058,379],{"class":259},[31,32060,31995],{"class":263},[31,32062,370],{"class":259},[31,32064,9900],{"class":41},[14,32066,32067],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,32069,32070],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,32072,32073],{},"These work:",[228,32075,32076,32080,32084],{},[231,32077,32078],{},[28,32079,9890],{},[231,32081,32082],{},[28,32083,11000],{},[231,32085,32086],{},[28,32087,32088],{},"first_name",[14,32090,32091],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[228,32093,32094,32099],{},[231,32095,32096],{},[28,32097,32098],{},"\"first name\"",[231,32100,32101],{},[28,32102,32103],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,32105,32106],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[21,32108,32110],{"className":23,"code":32109,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[28,32111,32112,32120,32160],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32113,32114,32116,32118],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32115,12081],{"class":37},[31,32117,89],{"class":88},[31,32119,10429],{"class":41},[31,32121,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32151,32153,32155,32158],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32123,12175],{"class":37},[31,32125,70],{"class":41},[31,32127,31067],{"class":140},[31,32129,6114],{"class":41},[31,32131,260],{"class":259},[31,32133,11104],{"class":263},[31,32135,260],{"class":259},[31,32137,48],{"class":41},[31,32139,271],{"class":259},[31,32141,29515],{"class":263},[31,32143,260],{"class":259},[31,32145,99],{"class":41},[31,32147,271],{"class":259},[31,32149,32150],{"class":263},"user-id",[31,32152,260],{"class":259},[31,32154,48],{"class":41},[31,32156,32157],{"class":95}," 1001",[31,32159,31099],{"class":41},[31,32161,32162,32164,32166,32168],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,32163,134],{"class":133},[31,32165,137],{"class":41},[31,32167,12175],{"class":140},[31,32169,120],{"class":41},[72,32171,18017],{"id":18016},[14,32173,32174,2972,32176,70],{},[28,32175,15552],{},[28,32177,4357],{},[14,32179,14646],{},[14,32181,25308],{},[21,32183,32185],{"className":23,"code":32184,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[28,32186,32187,32211,32237,32241,32251],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32188,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32190,13801],{"class":37},[31,32192,89],{"class":88},[31,32194,11082],{"class":41},[31,32196,260],{"class":259},[31,32198,8256],{"class":263},[31,32200,260],{"class":259},[31,32202,48],{"class":41},[31,32204,271],{"class":259},[31,32206,13476],{"class":263},[31,32208,260],{"class":259},[31,32210,9900],{"class":41},[31,32212,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32214,1522],{"class":37},[31,32216,89],{"class":88},[31,32218,13844],{"class":37},[31,32220,70],{"class":41},[31,32222,31067],{"class":140},[31,32224,6114],{"class":41},[31,32226,260],{"class":259},[31,32228,9890],{"class":263},[31,32230,260],{"class":259},[31,32232,48],{"class":41},[31,32234,102],{"class":95},[31,32236,31099],{"class":41},[31,32238,32239],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,32240,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,32242,32243,32245,32247,32249],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,32244,134],{"class":133},[31,32246,137],{"class":41},[31,32248,1550],{"class":140},[31,32250,120],{"class":41},[31,32252,32253,32255,32257,32259],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,32254,134],{"class":133},[31,32256,137],{"class":41},[31,32258,17905],{"class":140},[31,32260,120],{"class":41},[14,32262,358],{},[21,32264,32266],{"className":23,"code":32265,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[28,32267,32268,32272],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32269,32270],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32271,12402],{"class":4432},[31,32273,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32275,9869],{"class":41},[31,32277,370],{"class":259},[31,32279,8256],{"class":263},[31,32281,370],{"class":259},[31,32283,48],{"class":41},[31,32285,379],{"class":259},[31,32287,13476],{"class":263},[31,32289,370],{"class":259},[31,32291,99],{"class":41},[31,32293,379],{"class":259},[31,32295,9890],{"class":263},[31,32297,370],{"class":259},[31,32299,48],{"class":41},[31,32301,102],{"class":95},[31,32303,9900],{"class":41},[14,32305,17253],{},[21,32307,32309],{"className":23,"code":32308,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[28,32310,32311,32335,32357,32361],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32312,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32314,13801],{"class":37},[31,32316,89],{"class":88},[31,32318,11082],{"class":41},[31,32320,260],{"class":259},[31,32322,8256],{"class":263},[31,32324,260],{"class":259},[31,32326,48],{"class":41},[31,32328,271],{"class":259},[31,32330,13476],{"class":263},[31,32332,260],{"class":259},[31,32334,9900],{"class":41},[31,32336,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32338,17905],{"class":37},[31,32340,70],{"class":41},[31,32342,31067],{"class":140},[31,32344,6114],{"class":41},[31,32346,260],{"class":259},[31,32348,9890],{"class":263},[31,32350,260],{"class":259},[31,32352,48],{"class":41},[31,32354,102],{"class":95},[31,32356,31099],{"class":41},[31,32358,32359],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,32360,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,32362,32363,32365,32367,32369],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,32364,134],{"class":133},[31,32366,137],{"class":41},[31,32368,17905],{"class":140},[31,32370,120],{"class":41},[14,32372,358],{},[21,32374,32376],{"className":23,"code":32375,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[28,32377,32378],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32379,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32381,9869],{"class":41},[31,32383,370],{"class":259},[31,32385,8256],{"class":263},[31,32387,370],{"class":259},[31,32389,48],{"class":41},[31,32391,379],{"class":259},[31,32393,13476],{"class":263},[31,32395,370],{"class":259},[31,32397,99],{"class":41},[31,32399,379],{"class":259},[31,32401,9890],{"class":263},[31,32403,370],{"class":259},[31,32405,48],{"class":41},[31,32407,102],{"class":95},[31,32409,9900],{"class":41},[14,32411,32412,32413,70],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[264,32414,18503],{"href":11323},[72,32416,5544,32418],{"id":32417},"when-to-use-update",[28,32419,15552],{},[14,32421,2668,32422,11193],{},[28,32423,15552],{},[228,32425,32426,32429,32432,32435],{},[231,32427,32428],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[231,32430,32431],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[231,32433,32434],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[231,32436,32437],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32439,32440],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[21,32442,32444],{"className":23,"code":32443,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[28,32445,32446,32482,32497,32501,32540,32544,32554],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32447,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32449,12680],{"class":37},[31,32451,89],{"class":88},[31,32453,11082],{"class":41},[31,32455,260],{"class":259},[31,32457,8256],{"class":263},[31,32459,260],{"class":259},[31,32461,48],{"class":41},[31,32463,271],{"class":259},[31,32465,13476],{"class":263},[31,32467,260],{"class":259},[31,32469,99],{"class":41},[31,32471,271],{"class":259},[31,32473,9890],{"class":263},[31,32475,260],{"class":259},[31,32477,48],{"class":41},[31,32479,102],{"class":95},[31,32481,9900],{"class":41},[31,32483,32484,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32485,32486],{"class":37},"updated ",[31,32488,89],{"class":88},[31,32490,12755],{"class":37},[31,32492,70],{"class":41},[31,32494,13507],{"class":140},[31,32496,1772],{"class":41},[31,32498,32499],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,32500,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,32502,32503,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,32504,32505],{"class":37},"updated",[31,32507,70],{"class":41},[31,32509,31067],{"class":140},[31,32511,6114],{"class":41},[31,32513,260],{"class":259},[31,32515,9890],{"class":263},[31,32517,260],{"class":259},[31,32519,48],{"class":41},[31,32521,31080],{"class":95},[31,32523,99],{"class":41},[31,32525,271],{"class":259},[31,32527,11000],{"class":263},[31,32529,260],{"class":259},[31,32531,48],{"class":41},[31,32533,271],{"class":259},[31,32535,16628],{"class":263},[31,32537,260],{"class":259},[31,32539,31099],{"class":41},[31,32541,32542],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,32543,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,32545,32546,32548,32550,32552],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,32547,134],{"class":133},[31,32549,137],{"class":41},[31,32551,12727],{"class":140},[31,32553,120],{"class":41},[31,32555,32556,32558,32560,32562],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,32557,134],{"class":133},[31,32559,137],{"class":41},[31,32561,32505],{"class":140},[31,32563,120],{"class":41},[14,32565,358],{},[21,32567,32569],{"className":23,"code":32568,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[28,32570,32571,32603],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32572,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32574,9869],{"class":41},[31,32576,370],{"class":259},[31,32578,8256],{"class":263},[31,32580,370],{"class":259},[31,32582,48],{"class":41},[31,32584,379],{"class":259},[31,32586,13476],{"class":263},[31,32588,370],{"class":259},[31,32590,99],{"class":41},[31,32592,379],{"class":259},[31,32594,9890],{"class":263},[31,32596,370],{"class":259},[31,32598,48],{"class":41},[31,32600,102],{"class":95},[31,32602,9900],{"class":41},[31,32604,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32606,9869],{"class":41},[31,32608,370],{"class":259},[31,32610,8256],{"class":263},[31,32612,370],{"class":259},[31,32614,48],{"class":41},[31,32616,379],{"class":259},[31,32618,13476],{"class":263},[31,32620,370],{"class":259},[31,32622,99],{"class":41},[31,32624,379],{"class":259},[31,32626,9890],{"class":263},[31,32628,370],{"class":259},[31,32630,48],{"class":41},[31,32632,31080],{"class":95},[31,32634,99],{"class":41},[31,32636,379],{"class":259},[31,32638,11000],{"class":263},[31,32640,370],{"class":259},[31,32642,48],{"class":41},[31,32644,379],{"class":259},[31,32646,16628],{"class":263},[31,32648,370],{"class":259},[31,32650,9900],{"class":41},[14,32652,32653,32654,70],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[264,32655,17195],{"href":17194},[72,32657,3407],{"id":3406},[14,32659,11340,32660,48],{},[28,32661,15552],{},[228,32663,32664,32671,32675,32678,32681],{},[231,32665,13189,32666,32668,32669],{},[28,32667,15552],{}," to a variable and getting ",[28,32670,4357],{},[231,32672,9043,32673,13197],{},[28,32674,15552],{},[231,32676,32677],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[231,32679,32680],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[231,32682,32683],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32685,32686],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[21,32688,32690],{"className":23,"code":32689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[28,32691,32692,32702,32716,32730,32752],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32693,32694,32696,32698,32700],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32695,134],{"class":133},[31,32697,137],{"class":41},[31,32699,12042],{"class":140},[31,32701,120],{"class":41},[31,32703,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32705,134],{"class":133},[31,32707,137],{"class":41},[31,32709,1562],{"class":1561},[31,32711,137],{"class":41},[31,32713,9796],{"class":140},[31,32715,1569],{"class":41},[31,32717,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,32719,134],{"class":133},[31,32721,137],{"class":41},[31,32723,8682],{"class":1561},[31,32725,137],{"class":41},[31,32727,9796],{"class":140},[31,32729,1569],{"class":41},[31,32731,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,32733,134],{"class":133},[31,32735,137],{"class":41},[31,32737,12042],{"class":140},[31,32739,70],{"class":41},[31,32741,20349],{"class":140},[31,32743,137],{"class":41},[31,32745,370],{"class":259},[31,32747,15439],{"class":263},[31,32749,370],{"class":259},[31,32751,1569],{"class":41},[31,32753,32754,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,32755,32756],{"class":133},"help",[31,32758,137],{"class":41},[31,32760,9412],{"class":1561},[31,32762,70],{"class":41},[31,32764,31067],{"class":25350},[31,32766,120],{"class":41},[14,32768,32769],{},"These can help you check:",[228,32771,32772,32775,32780,32783,32786],{},[231,32773,32774],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[231,32776,32777,32778],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[28,32779,15552],{},[231,32781,32782],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[231,32784,32785],{},"Whether a key exists",[231,32787,32788],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32790,32791,32792,70],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[264,32793,11854],{"href":11667},[72,32795,2435],{"id":2434},[613,32797,13299,32799,32801],{"id":32798},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[28,32800,15552],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32803,32804,32805,70],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[28,32806,4357],{},[613,32808,13299,32810,32812],{"id":32809},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[28,32811,15552],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32814,32815],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[613,32817,5752,32819,32821],{"id":32818},"can-update-add-new-keys",[28,32820,15552],{}," add new keys?",[14,32823,32824],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[613,32826,28930,32828,32830],{"id":32827},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[28,32829,15552],{}," with a list?",[14,32832,32833,32834,70],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[28,32835,11688],{},[613,32837,5762,32839,32841],{"id":32838},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[28,32840,15552],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32843,32844,32845,32847],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[28,32846,15552],{}," can change many keys at once.",[72,32849,2475],{"id":2474},[228,32851,32852,32856,32860,32865,32869],{},[231,32853,32854],{},[264,32855,26696],{"href":9982},[231,32857,32858],{},[264,32859,11843],{"href":11323},[231,32861,32862],{},[264,32863,32864],{"href":31689},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[231,32866,32867],{},[264,32868,22056],{"href":17194},[231,32870,32871],{},[264,32872,11854],{"href":11667},[2499,32874,32875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":32877},[32878,32879,32881,32882,32884,32886,32887,32888,32890,32891,32903],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":31122,"depth":123,"text":32880},"What update() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":31482,"depth":123,"text":32883},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31693,"depth":123,"text":32885},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31934,"depth":123,"text":31935},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":32417,"depth":123,"text":32889},"When to use update()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":32892},[32893,32895,32897,32899,32901],{"id":32798,"depth":130,"text":32894},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32809,"depth":130,"text":32896},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32818,"depth":130,"text":32898},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32827,"depth":130,"text":32900},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32838,"depth":130,"text":32902},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31000,"description":32904},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32910,"title":32911,"body":32912,"description":34900,"extension":2542,"meta":34901,"navigation":126,"path":23494,"seo":34902,"stem":34903,"__hash__":34904},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32913,"toc":34863},[32914,32919,32926,32929,32931,33030,33032,33087,33092,33097,33111,33116,33118,33133,33135,33149,33162,33167,33173,33180,33182,33289,33291,33340,33346,33421,33423,33444,33446,33449,33554,33556,33611,33613,33641,33645,33650,33729,33731,33751,33753,33764,33774,33778,33783,33887,33889,33914,33917,33928,33933,33942,33945,33962,33964,34051,34053,34116,34118,34141,34143,34148,34154,34159,34161,34200,34206,34209,34228,34239,34245,34248,34321,34323,34342,34346,34349,34372,34378,34381,34445,34448,34525,34532,34535,34594,34600,34602,34621,34625,34628,34679,34682,34702,34704,34765,34767,34772,34777,34782,34787,34792,34797,34803,34806,34815,34823,34825,34860],[10,32915,11910,32917,11914],{"id":32916},"python-dictionary-values-method",[28,32918,17669],{},[14,32920,32921,32922,32925],{},"The Python ",[28,32923,32924],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32927,32928],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[72,32930,75],{"id":74},[21,32932,32934],{"className":23,"code":32933,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[28,32935,32936,32988,33002,33006,33016],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,32937,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,32939,13459],{"class":37},[31,32941,89],{"class":88},[31,32943,11082],{"class":41},[31,32945,260],{"class":259},[31,32947,8256],{"class":263},[31,32949,260],{"class":259},[31,32951,48],{"class":41},[31,32953,271],{"class":259},[31,32955,13476],{"class":263},[31,32957,260],{"class":259},[31,32959,99],{"class":41},[31,32961,271],{"class":259},[31,32963,9890],{"class":263},[31,32965,260],{"class":259},[31,32967,48],{"class":41},[31,32969,102],{"class":95},[31,32971,99],{"class":41},[31,32973,271],{"class":259},[31,32975,11000],{"class":263},[31,32977,260],{"class":259},[31,32979,48],{"class":41},[31,32981,271],{"class":259},[31,32983,16628],{"class":263},[31,32985,260],{"class":259},[31,32987,9900],{"class":41},[31,32989,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,32991,4402],{"class":37},[31,32993,89],{"class":88},[31,32995,13502],{"class":37},[31,32997,70],{"class":41},[31,32999,5942],{"class":140},[31,33001,1772],{"class":41},[31,33003,33004],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33005,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33007,33008,33010,33012,33014],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,33009,134],{"class":133},[31,33011,137],{"class":41},[31,33013,5942],{"class":140},[31,33015,120],{"class":41},[31,33017,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,33019,134],{"class":133},[31,33021,137],{"class":41},[31,33023,8682],{"class":1561},[31,33025,137],{"class":41},[31,33027,5942],{"class":140},[31,33029,1569],{"class":41},[14,33031,358],{},[21,33033,33035],{"className":23,"code":33034,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[28,33036,33037,33063],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33038,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33040,17635],{"class":140},[31,33042,3564],{"class":41},[31,33044,370],{"class":259},[31,33046,13476],{"class":263},[31,33048,370],{"class":259},[31,33050,99],{"class":41},[31,33052,102],{"class":95},[31,33054,99],{"class":41},[31,33056,379],{"class":259},[31,33058,16628],{"class":263},[31,33060,370],{"class":259},[31,33062,566],{"class":41},[31,33064,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33066,42],{"class":41},[31,33068,370],{"class":259},[31,33070,13476],{"class":263},[31,33072,370],{"class":259},[31,33074,99],{"class":41},[31,33076,102],{"class":95},[31,33078,99],{"class":41},[31,33080,379],{"class":259},[31,33082,16628],{"class":263},[31,33084,370],{"class":259},[31,33086,59],{"class":41},[14,33088,33089,33091],{},[28,33090,17669],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[72,33093,4255,33095,4258],{"id":33094},"what-values-does",[28,33096,17669],{},[228,33098,33099,33102,33105,33108],{},[231,33100,33101],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[231,33103,33104],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[231,33106,33107],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[231,33109,33110],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,33112,33113,33114,70],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[264,33115,9983],{"href":9982},[72,33117,2733],{"id":2732},[21,33119,33121],{"className":23,"code":33120,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_dict.values()\n",[28,33122,33123],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33124,33125,33127,33129,33131],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33126,12042],{"class":37},[31,33128,70],{"class":41},[31,33130,5942],{"class":140},[31,33132,1772],{"class":41},[14,33134,13648],{},[228,33136,33137,33141,33144],{},[231,33138,33139,12058],{},[28,33140,17669],{},[231,33142,33143],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[231,33145,33146,33147],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[28,33148,17669],{},[14,33150,33151,33152,4975,33157,70],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[264,33153,33154,33156],{"href":17660},[28,33155,17663],{}," for dictionary keys",[264,33158,33159,33161],{"href":17673},[28,33160,17676],{}," for key-value pairs",[72,33163,4255,33165,12299],{"id":33164},"what-values-returns",[28,33166,17669],{},[14,33168,33169,22574,33171,25364],{},[28,33170,17669],{},[28,33172,17635],{},[14,33174,33175,33176,33179],{},"This object is a ",[67,33177,33178],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,33181,242],{},[21,33183,33185],{"className":23,"code":33184,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[28,33186,33187,33223,33227,33242,33253,33257,33279],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33188,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33190,13801],{"class":37},[31,33192,89],{"class":88},[31,33194,11082],{"class":41},[31,33196,260],{"class":259},[31,33198,8256],{"class":263},[31,33200,260],{"class":259},[31,33202,48],{"class":41},[31,33204,271],{"class":259},[31,33206,8509],{"class":263},[31,33208,260],{"class":259},[31,33210,99],{"class":41},[31,33212,271],{"class":259},[31,33214,9890],{"class":263},[31,33216,260],{"class":259},[31,33218,48],{"class":41},[31,33220,9897],{"class":95},[31,33222,9900],{"class":41},[31,33224,33225],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33226,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33228,33229,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33230,33231],{"class":37},"values_view ",[31,33233,89],{"class":88},[31,33235,13844],{"class":37},[31,33237,70],{"class":41},[31,33239,5942],{"class":140},[31,33241,1772],{"class":41},[31,33243,33244,33246,33248,33251],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,33245,134],{"class":133},[31,33247,137],{"class":41},[31,33249,33250],{"class":140},"values_view",[31,33252,120],{"class":41},[31,33254,33255],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,33256,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33258,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,33260,17905],{"class":37},[31,33262,42],{"class":41},[31,33264,260],{"class":259},[31,33266,11000],{"class":263},[31,33268,260],{"class":259},[31,33270,13870],{"class":41},[31,33272,13873],{"class":88},[31,33274,271],{"class":259},[31,33276,31246],{"class":263},[31,33278,3934],{"class":259},[31,33280,33281,33283,33285,33287],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,33282,134],{"class":133},[31,33284,137],{"class":41},[31,33286,33250],{"class":140},[31,33288,120],{"class":41},[14,33290,358],{},[21,33292,33294],{"className":23,"code":33293,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[28,33295,33296,33314],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33297,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33299,17635],{"class":140},[31,33301,3564],{"class":41},[31,33303,370],{"class":259},[31,33305,8509],{"class":263},[31,33307,370],{"class":259},[31,33309,99],{"class":41},[31,33311,9897],{"class":95},[31,33313,566],{"class":41},[31,33315,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33317,17635],{"class":140},[31,33319,3564],{"class":41},[31,33321,370],{"class":259},[31,33323,8509],{"class":263},[31,33325,370],{"class":259},[31,33327,99],{"class":41},[31,33329,9897],{"class":95},[31,33331,99],{"class":41},[31,33333,379],{"class":259},[31,33335,31246],{"class":263},[31,33337,370],{"class":259},[31,33339,566],{"class":41},[14,33341,33342,33343,70],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[28,33344,33345],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[21,33347,33349],{"className":23,"code":33348,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[28,33350,33351,33387,33406,33410],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33352,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33354,13801],{"class":37},[31,33356,89],{"class":88},[31,33358,11082],{"class":41},[31,33360,260],{"class":259},[31,33362,8256],{"class":263},[31,33364,260],{"class":259},[31,33366,48],{"class":41},[31,33368,271],{"class":259},[31,33370,8509],{"class":263},[31,33372,260],{"class":259},[31,33374,99],{"class":41},[31,33376,271],{"class":259},[31,33378,9890],{"class":263},[31,33380,260],{"class":259},[31,33382,48],{"class":41},[31,33384,9897],{"class":95},[31,33386,9900],{"class":41},[31,33388,33389,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33390,33391],{"class":37},"values_list ",[31,33393,89],{"class":88},[31,33395,23159],{"class":1561},[31,33397,137],{"class":41},[31,33399,17905],{"class":140},[31,33401,70],{"class":41},[31,33403,5942],{"class":140},[31,33405,7781],{"class":41},[31,33407,33408],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33409,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33411,33412,33414,33416,33419],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,33413,134],{"class":133},[31,33415,137],{"class":41},[31,33417,33418],{"class":140},"values_list",[31,33420,120],{"class":41},[14,33422,358],{},[21,33424,33426],{"className":23,"code":33425,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Mia', 25]\n",[28,33427,33428],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33429,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33431,42],{"class":41},[31,33433,370],{"class":259},[31,33435,8509],{"class":263},[31,33437,370],{"class":259},[31,33439,99],{"class":41},[31,33441,9897],{"class":95},[31,33443,59],{"class":41},[72,33445,12068],{"id":12067},[14,33447,33448],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[21,33450,33452],{"className":23,"code":33451,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,33453,33454,33508,33512,33526,33530,33540],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33455,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33489,33491,33493,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33457,25396],{"class":37},[31,33459,89],{"class":88},[31,33461,11082],{"class":41},[31,33463,260],{"class":259},[31,33465,25405],{"class":263},[31,33467,260],{"class":259},[31,33469,48],{"class":41},[31,33471,271],{"class":259},[31,33473,25414],{"class":263},[31,33475,260],{"class":259},[31,33477,99],{"class":41},[31,33479,271],{"class":259},[31,33481,25423],{"class":263},[31,33483,260],{"class":259},[31,33485,48],{"class":41},[31,33487,33488],{"class":95}," 2022",[31,33490,99],{"class":41},[31,33492,271],{"class":259},[31,33494,33495],{"class":263},"color",[31,33497,260],{"class":259},[31,33499,48],{"class":41},[31,33501,271],{"class":259},[31,33503,13706],{"class":263},[31,33505,260],{"class":259},[31,33507,9900],{"class":41},[31,33509,33510],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33511,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33513,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33515,1522],{"class":37},[31,33517,89],{"class":88},[31,33519,25445],{"class":37},[31,33521,70],{"class":41},[31,33523,5942],{"class":140},[31,33525,1772],{"class":41},[31,33527,33528],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,33529,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33531,33532,33534,33536,33538],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,33533,134],{"class":133},[31,33535,137],{"class":41},[31,33537,1550],{"class":140},[31,33539,120],{"class":41},[31,33541,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,33543,134],{"class":133},[31,33545,137],{"class":41},[31,33547,8682],{"class":1561},[31,33549,137],{"class":41},[31,33551,1550],{"class":140},[31,33553,1569],{"class":41},[14,33555,358],{},[21,33557,33559],{"className":23,"code":33558,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[28,33560,33561,33587],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33562,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33564,17635],{"class":140},[31,33566,3564],{"class":41},[31,33568,370],{"class":259},[31,33570,25414],{"class":263},[31,33572,370],{"class":259},[31,33574,99],{"class":41},[31,33576,33488],{"class":95},[31,33578,99],{"class":41},[31,33580,379],{"class":259},[31,33582,13706],{"class":263},[31,33584,370],{"class":259},[31,33586,566],{"class":41},[31,33588,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33590,42],{"class":41},[31,33592,370],{"class":259},[31,33594,25414],{"class":263},[31,33596,370],{"class":259},[31,33598,99],{"class":41},[31,33600,33488],{"class":95},[31,33602,99],{"class":41},[31,33604,379],{"class":259},[31,33606,13706],{"class":263},[31,33608,370],{"class":259},[31,33610,59],{"class":41},[14,33612,12277],{},[228,33614,33615,33621,33627,33635],{},[231,33616,33617,33620],{},[28,33618,33619],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[231,33622,33623,33626],{},[28,33624,33625],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[231,33628,33629,33632,33633,25217],{},[28,33630,33631],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[28,33634,17635],{},[231,33636,33637,33640],{},[28,33638,33639],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[72,33642,33644],{"id":33643},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33646,33647,33648,26665],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[28,33649,6543],{},[21,33651,33653],{"className":23,"code":33652,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[28,33654,33655,33699,33703,33719],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33656,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33658,5647],{"class":37},[31,33660,89],{"class":88},[31,33662,11082],{"class":41},[31,33664,260],{"class":259},[31,33666,19016],{"class":263},[31,33668,260],{"class":259},[31,33670,48],{"class":41},[31,33672,20497],{"class":95},[31,33674,99],{"class":41},[31,33676,271],{"class":259},[31,33678,31756],{"class":263},[31,33680,260],{"class":259},[31,33682,48],{"class":41},[31,33684,14104],{"class":95},[31,33686,99],{"class":41},[31,33688,271],{"class":259},[31,33690,19025],{"class":263},[31,33692,260],{"class":259},[31,33694,48],{"class":41},[31,33696,29522],{"class":95},[31,33698,9900],{"class":41},[31,33700,33701],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33702,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33704,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33706,6543],{"class":4457},[31,33708,22183],{"class":37},[31,33710,4464],{"class":4457},[31,33712,5693],{"class":37},[31,33714,70],{"class":41},[31,33716,5942],{"class":140},[31,33718,22194],{"class":41},[31,33720,33721,33723,33725,33727],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,33722,8657],{"class":133},[31,33724,137],{"class":41},[31,33726,3049],{"class":140},[31,33728,120],{"class":41},[14,33730,358],{},[21,33732,33734],{"className":23,"code":33733,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"90\n85\n88\n",[28,33735,33736,33741,33746],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33737,33738],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33739,33740],{"class":95},"90\n",[31,33742,33743],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33744,33745],{"class":95},"85\n",[31,33747,33748],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33749,33750],{"class":95},"88\n",[14,33752,18309],{},[228,33754,33755,33758,33761],{},[231,33756,33757],{},"You only need the values",[231,33759,33760],{},"You do not care about the keys",[231,33762,33763],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33765,33766,33767,3456,33771,70],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[264,33768,11329,33769,11333],{"href":17673},[28,33770,17676],{},[264,33772,23074],{"href":33773},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[72,33775,33777],{"id":33776},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33779,2668,33780,33782],{},[28,33781,33345],{}," when you need a list.",[21,33784,33786],{"className":23,"code":33785,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[28,33787,33788,33834,33838,33858,33862,33873],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33789,33790,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823,33826,33828,33830,33832],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33791,33792],{"class":37},"fruit_prices ",[31,33794,89],{"class":88},[31,33796,11082],{"class":41},[31,33798,260],{"class":259},[31,33800,4660],{"class":263},[31,33802,260],{"class":259},[31,33804,48],{"class":41},[31,33806,3571],{"class":95},[31,33808,99],{"class":41},[31,33810,271],{"class":259},[31,33812,4669],{"class":263},[31,33814,260],{"class":259},[31,33816,48],{"class":41},[31,33818,6082],{"class":95},[31,33820,99],{"class":41},[31,33822,271],{"class":259},[31,33824,33825],{"class":263},"orange",[31,33827,260],{"class":259},[31,33829,48],{"class":41},[31,33831,3027],{"class":95},[31,33833,9900],{"class":41},[31,33835,33836],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33837,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33839,33840,33843,33845,33847,33849,33852,33854,33856],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,33841,33842],{"class":37},"price_list ",[31,33844,89],{"class":88},[31,33846,23159],{"class":1561},[31,33848,137],{"class":41},[31,33850,33851],{"class":140},"fruit_prices",[31,33853,70],{"class":41},[31,33855,5942],{"class":140},[31,33857,7781],{"class":41},[31,33859,33860],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,33861,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,33863,33864,33866,33868,33871],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,33865,134],{"class":133},[31,33867,137],{"class":41},[31,33869,33870],{"class":140},"price_list",[31,33872,120],{"class":41},[31,33874,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,33876,134],{"class":133},[31,33878,137],{"class":41},[31,33880,33870],{"class":140},[31,33882,42],{"class":41},[31,33884,1243],{"class":95},[31,33886,566],{"class":41},[14,33888,358],{},[21,33890,33892],{"className":23,"code":33891,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[28,33893,33894,33910],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33895,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33897,42],{"class":41},[31,33899,193],{"class":95},[31,33901,99],{"class":41},[31,33903,6082],{"class":95},[31,33905,99],{"class":41},[31,33907,3027],{"class":95},[31,33909,59],{"class":41},[31,33911,33912],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,33913,17654],{"class":95},[14,33915,33916],{},"This is helpful for:",[228,33918,33919,33922,33925],{},[231,33920,33921],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[231,33923,33924],{},"Accessing values by index",[231,33926,33927],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33929,4505,33930,33932],{},[28,33931,17635],{}," is not the same as a list.",[72,33934,33936,11177,33938,11177,33940],{"id":33935},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[28,33937,17669],{},[28,33939,17663],{},[28,33941,17676],{},[14,33943,33944],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[228,33946,33947,33952,33957],{},[231,33948,33949,33951],{},[28,33950,17669],{}," returns only the values",[231,33953,33954,33956],{},[28,33955,17663],{}," returns only the keys",[231,33958,33959,33961],{},[28,33960,17676],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33963,2701],{},[21,33965,33967],{"className":23,"code":33966,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[28,33968,33969,34005,34009,34023,34037],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,33970,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,33972,13459],{"class":37},[31,33974,89],{"class":88},[31,33976,11082],{"class":41},[31,33978,260],{"class":259},[31,33980,8256],{"class":263},[31,33982,260],{"class":259},[31,33984,48],{"class":41},[31,33986,271],{"class":259},[31,33988,13476],{"class":263},[31,33990,260],{"class":259},[31,33992,99],{"class":41},[31,33994,271],{"class":259},[31,33996,9890],{"class":263},[31,33998,260],{"class":259},[31,34000,48],{"class":41},[31,34002,102],{"class":95},[31,34004,9900],{"class":41},[31,34006,34007],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34008,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,34010,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34012,134],{"class":133},[31,34014,137],{"class":41},[31,34016,14223],{"class":140},[31,34018,70],{"class":41},[31,34020,17521],{"class":140},[31,34022,7781],{"class":41},[31,34024,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,34026,134],{"class":133},[31,34028,137],{"class":41},[31,34030,14223],{"class":140},[31,34032,70],{"class":41},[31,34034,5942],{"class":140},[31,34036,7781],{"class":41},[31,34038,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,34040,134],{"class":133},[31,34042,137],{"class":41},[31,34044,14223],{"class":140},[31,34046,70],{"class":41},[31,34048,8397],{"class":140},[31,34050,7781],{"class":41},[14,34052,358],{},[21,34054,34056],{"className":23,"code":34055,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[28,34057,34058,34080,34098],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34059,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072,34074,34076,34078],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34061,17612],{"class":140},[31,34063,3564],{"class":41},[31,34065,370],{"class":259},[31,34067,8256],{"class":263},[31,34069,370],{"class":259},[31,34071,99],{"class":41},[31,34073,379],{"class":259},[31,34075,9890],{"class":263},[31,34077,370],{"class":259},[31,34079,566],{"class":41},[31,34081,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34083,17635],{"class":140},[31,34085,3564],{"class":41},[31,34087,370],{"class":259},[31,34089,13476],{"class":263},[31,34091,370],{"class":259},[31,34093,99],{"class":41},[31,34095,102],{"class":95},[31,34097,566],{"class":41},[31,34099,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34101,22507],{"class":140},[31,34103,10249],{"class":41},[31,34105,370],{"class":259},[31,34107,8256],{"class":263},[31,34109,370],{"class":259},[31,34111,99],{"class":41},[31,34113,102],{"class":95},[31,34115,11271],{"class":41},[14,34117,19294],{},[228,34119,34120,34127,34134],{},[231,34121,34122,34126],{},[264,34123,34124],{"href":17660},[28,34125,17663],{}," when you need just the keys",[231,34128,34129,34133],{},[264,34130,34131],{"href":17666},[28,34132,17669],{}," when you need just the values",[231,34135,34136,34140],{},[264,34137,34138],{"href":17673},[28,34139,17676],{}," when you need both",[72,34142,5101],{"id":5100},[14,34144,34145,34146,70],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[28,34147,17669],{},[613,34149,30252,34151,34153],{"id":34150},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[28,34152,17669],{}," on the wrong type",[14,34155,34156,34158],{},[28,34157,17669],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,34160,17241],{},[21,34162,34164],{"className":23,"code":34163,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[28,34165,34166,34186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34167,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34169,8897],{"class":37},[31,34171,89],{"class":88},[31,34173,4200],{"class":41},[31,34175,146],{"class":95},[31,34177,99],{"class":41},[31,34179,3571],{"class":95},[31,34181,99],{"class":41},[31,34183,3027],{"class":95},[31,34185,59],{"class":41},[31,34187,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34189,134],{"class":133},[31,34191,137],{"class":41},[31,34193,8928],{"class":140},[31,34195,70],{"class":41},[31,34197,5942],{"class":140},[31,34199,7781],{"class":41},[14,34201,34202,34203,34205],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[28,34204,17669],{}," method.",[14,34207,34208],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[21,34210,34212],{"className":23,"code":34211,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(my_list))\n",[28,34213,34214],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34215,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34217,134],{"class":133},[31,34219,137],{"class":41},[31,34221,1562],{"class":1561},[31,34223,137],{"class":41},[31,34225,8928],{"class":140},[31,34227,1569],{"class":41},[14,34229,34230,34231,34233,34234,70],{},"If you get an ",[28,34232,26272],{},", see ",[264,34235,26280,34236,34238],{"href":26279},[28,34237,26283],{}," errors",[613,34240,5161,34242,34244],{"id":34241},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[28,34243,17669],{}," returns a list",[14,34246,34247],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[21,34249,34251],{"className":23,"code":34250,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[28,34252,34253,34289,34303,34307],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34254,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34256,13459],{"class":37},[31,34258,89],{"class":88},[31,34260,11082],{"class":41},[31,34262,260],{"class":259},[31,34264,8256],{"class":263},[31,34266,260],{"class":259},[31,34268,48],{"class":41},[31,34270,271],{"class":259},[31,34272,13476],{"class":263},[31,34274,260],{"class":259},[31,34276,99],{"class":41},[31,34278,271],{"class":259},[31,34280,9890],{"class":263},[31,34282,260],{"class":259},[31,34284,48],{"class":41},[31,34286,102],{"class":95},[31,34288,9900],{"class":41},[31,34290,34291,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34292,4402],{"class":37},[31,34294,89],{"class":88},[31,34296,13502],{"class":37},[31,34298,70],{"class":41},[31,34300,5942],{"class":140},[31,34302,1772],{"class":41},[31,34304,34305],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34306,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,34308,34309,34311,34313,34315,34317,34319],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,34310,134],{"class":133},[31,34312,137],{"class":41},[31,34314,1562],{"class":1561},[31,34316,137],{"class":41},[31,34318,5942],{"class":140},[31,34320,1569],{"class":41},[14,34322,358],{},[21,34324,34326],{"className":23,"code":34325,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[28,34327,34328],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34329,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34331,1593],{"class":88},[31,34333,1597],{"class":1596},[31,34335,379],{"class":259},[31,34337,17635],{"class":263},[31,34339,370],{"class":259},[31,34341,1606],{"class":88},[14,34343,5730,34344,1480],{},[28,34345,17635],{},[14,34347,34348],{},"If you need a list:",[21,34350,34352],{"className":23,"code":34351,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = list(student.values())\n",[28,34353,34354],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34355,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34357,4402],{"class":37},[31,34359,89],{"class":88},[31,34361,23159],{"class":1561},[31,34363,137],{"class":41},[31,34365,14223],{"class":140},[31,34367,70],{"class":41},[31,34369,5942],{"class":140},[31,34371,7781],{"class":41},[613,34373,34375,34376],{"id":34374},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[28,34377,17635],{},[14,34379,34380],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[21,34382,34384],{"className":23,"code":34383,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[28,34385,34386,34422,34436,34440],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34387,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34389,13459],{"class":37},[31,34391,89],{"class":88},[31,34393,11082],{"class":41},[31,34395,260],{"class":259},[31,34397,8256],{"class":263},[31,34399,260],{"class":259},[31,34401,48],{"class":41},[31,34403,271],{"class":259},[31,34405,13476],{"class":263},[31,34407,260],{"class":259},[31,34409,99],{"class":41},[31,34411,271],{"class":259},[31,34413,9890],{"class":263},[31,34415,260],{"class":259},[31,34417,48],{"class":41},[31,34419,102],{"class":95},[31,34421,9900],{"class":41},[31,34423,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34425,4402],{"class":37},[31,34427,89],{"class":88},[31,34429,13502],{"class":37},[31,34431,70],{"class":41},[31,34433,5942],{"class":140},[31,34435,1772],{"class":41},[31,34437,34438],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34439,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,34441,34442],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,34443,34444],{"class":157},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34446,34447],{},"Convert to a list first:",[21,34449,34451],{"className":23,"code":34450,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[28,34452,34453,34489,34507,34511],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34454,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465,34467,34469,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34456,13459],{"class":37},[31,34458,89],{"class":88},[31,34460,11082],{"class":41},[31,34462,260],{"class":259},[31,34464,8256],{"class":263},[31,34466,260],{"class":259},[31,34468,48],{"class":41},[31,34470,271],{"class":259},[31,34472,13476],{"class":263},[31,34474,260],{"class":259},[31,34476,99],{"class":41},[31,34478,271],{"class":259},[31,34480,9890],{"class":263},[31,34482,260],{"class":259},[31,34484,48],{"class":41},[31,34486,102],{"class":95},[31,34488,9900],{"class":41},[31,34490,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501,34503,34505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34492,4402],{"class":37},[31,34494,89],{"class":88},[31,34496,23159],{"class":1561},[31,34498,137],{"class":41},[31,34500,14223],{"class":140},[31,34502,70],{"class":41},[31,34504,5942],{"class":140},[31,34506,7781],{"class":41},[31,34508,34509],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34510,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,34512,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521,34523],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,34514,134],{"class":133},[31,34516,137],{"class":41},[31,34518,5942],{"class":140},[31,34520,42],{"class":41},[31,34522,1243],{"class":95},[31,34524,566],{"class":41},[613,34526,9007,34528,11685,34530],{"id":34527},"using-values-instead-of-values",[28,34529,5942],{},[28,34531,17669],{},[14,34533,34534],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[21,34536,34538],{"className":23,"code":34537,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[28,34539,34540,34576,34580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34541,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34543,13459],{"class":37},[31,34545,89],{"class":88},[31,34547,11082],{"class":41},[31,34549,260],{"class":259},[31,34551,8256],{"class":263},[31,34553,260],{"class":259},[31,34555,48],{"class":41},[31,34557,271],{"class":259},[31,34559,13476],{"class":263},[31,34561,260],{"class":259},[31,34563,99],{"class":41},[31,34565,271],{"class":259},[31,34567,9890],{"class":263},[31,34569,260],{"class":259},[31,34571,48],{"class":41},[31,34573,102],{"class":95},[31,34575,9900],{"class":41},[31,34577,34578],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34579,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,34581,34582,34584,34586,34588,34590,34592],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34583,134],{"class":133},[31,34585,137],{"class":41},[31,34587,14223],{"class":140},[31,34589,70],{"class":41},[31,34591,5942],{"class":25350},[31,34593,120],{"class":41},[14,34595,34596,34599],{},[28,34597,34598],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34601,19294],{},[21,34603,34605],{"className":23,"code":34604,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(student.values())\n",[28,34606,34607],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34608,34609,34611,34613,34615,34617,34619],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34610,134],{"class":133},[31,34612,137],{"class":41},[31,34614,14223],{"class":140},[31,34616,70],{"class":41},[31,34618,5942],{"class":140},[31,34620,7781],{"class":41},[613,34622,34624],{"id":34623},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34626,34627],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[21,34629,34631],{"className":23,"code":34630,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[28,34632,34633,34665],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34634,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657,34659,34661,34663],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34636,9757],{"class":37},[31,34638,89],{"class":88},[31,34640,11082],{"class":41},[31,34642,260],{"class":259},[31,34644,264],{"class":263},[31,34646,260],{"class":259},[31,34648,48],{"class":41},[31,34650,6082],{"class":95},[31,34652,99],{"class":41},[31,34654,271],{"class":259},[31,34656,274],{"class":263},[31,34658,260],{"class":259},[31,34660,48],{"class":41},[31,34662,3571],{"class":95},[31,34664,9900],{"class":41},[31,34666,34667,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34668,134],{"class":133},[31,34670,137],{"class":41},[31,34672,9796],{"class":140},[31,34674,70],{"class":41},[31,34676,5942],{"class":140},[31,34678,7781],{"class":41},[14,34680,34681],{},"Not like this:",[21,34683,34685],{"className":23,"code":34684,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[28,34686,34687,34692,34697],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34688,34689],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34690,34691],{"class":157},"# Wrong examples:\n",[31,34693,34694],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34695,34696],{"class":157},"# data().values()\n",[31,34698,34699],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34700,34701],{"class":157},"# values(data)\n",[14,34703,3915],{},[21,34705,34707],{"className":23,"code":34706,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[28,34708,34709,34723,34733,34747],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34710,34711,34713,34715,34717,34719,34721],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34712,134],{"class":133},[31,34714,137],{"class":41},[31,34716,1562],{"class":1561},[31,34718,137],{"class":41},[31,34720,12042],{"class":140},[31,34722,1569],{"class":41},[31,34724,34725,34727,34729,34731],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34726,134],{"class":133},[31,34728,137],{"class":41},[31,34730,12042],{"class":140},[31,34732,120],{"class":41},[31,34734,34735,34737,34739,34741,34743,34745],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,34736,134],{"class":133},[31,34738,137],{"class":41},[31,34740,12042],{"class":140},[31,34742,70],{"class":41},[31,34744,5942],{"class":140},[31,34746,7781],{"class":41},[31,34748,34749,34751,34753,34755,34757,34759,34761,34763],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,34750,134],{"class":133},[31,34752,137],{"class":41},[31,34754,8682],{"class":1561},[31,34756,137],{"class":41},[31,34758,12042],{"class":140},[31,34760,70],{"class":41},[31,34762,5942],{"class":140},[31,34764,6874],{"class":41},[72,34766,2435],{"id":2434},[613,34768,2453,34770,5727],{"id":34769},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[28,34771,32924],{},[14,34773,18020,34774,34776],{},[28,34775,17635],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[613,34778,13299,34780,24531],{"id":34779},"does-values-return-a-list",[28,34781,17669],{},[14,34783,24534,34784,24538],{},[28,34785,34786],{},"list(...)",[613,34788,26657,34790,2466],{"id":34789},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[28,34791,32924],{},[14,34793,34794,34795,26665],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[28,34796,6543],{},[613,34798,13299,34800,34802],{"id":34799},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[28,34801,32924],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34804,34805],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[613,34807,34809,34810,34812,34813,2466],{"id":34808},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[28,34811,17669],{}," different from ",[28,34814,17676],{},[14,34816,34817,34819,34820,34822],{},[28,34818,17669],{}," returns only values. ",[28,34821,17676],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[72,34824,2475],{"id":2474},[228,34826,34827,34833,34839,34843,34849,34853],{},[231,34828,34829],{},[264,34830,11329,34831,11333],{"href":17660},[28,34832,17663],{},[231,34834,34835],{},[264,34836,11329,34837,11333],{"href":17673},[28,34838,17676],{},[231,34840,34841],{},[264,34842,11834],{"href":9982},[231,34844,34845],{},[264,34846,34848],{"href":34847},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[231,34850,34851],{},[264,34852,24616],{"href":33773},[231,34854,34855],{},[264,34856,30950,34857],{"href":26279},[28,34858,34859],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2499,34861,34862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":34864},[34865,34866,34868,34869,34871,34872,34873,34874,34876,34887,34899],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":33094,"depth":123,"text":34867},"What values() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":33164,"depth":123,"text":34870},"What values() returns",{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":33643,"depth":123,"text":33644},{"id":33776,"depth":123,"text":33777},{"id":33935,"depth":123,"text":34875},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":34877},[34878,34880,34882,34884,34886],{"id":34150,"depth":130,"text":34879},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34241,"depth":130,"text":34881},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34374,"depth":130,"text":34883},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34527,"depth":130,"text":34885},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34623,"depth":130,"text":34624},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":34888},[34889,34891,34893,34895,34897],{"id":34769,"depth":130,"text":34890},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34779,"depth":130,"text":34892},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34789,"depth":130,"text":34894},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34799,"depth":130,"text":34896},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34808,"depth":130,"text":34898},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32911,"description":34900},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34906,"title":34907,"body":34908,"description":36339,"extension":2542,"meta":36340,"navigation":126,"path":36341,"seo":36342,"stem":36343,"__hash__":36344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34909,"toc":36291},[34910,34916,34921,34924,34940,34949,34951,34983,34989,34992,35087,35090,35095,35100,35103,35114,35116,35130,35136,35138,35143,35149,35152,35191,35199,35204,35207,35252,35255,35267,35273,35279,35283,35316,35319,35337,35340,35344,35383,35385,35405,35408,35420,35425,35431,35434,35489,35492,35503,35506,35517,35520,35524,35530,35532,35562,35565,35580,35583,35586,35605,35608,35624,35633,35635,35666,35672,35677,35680,35687,35718,35721,35743,35746,35749,35763,35767,35798,35813,35820,35827,35831,35839,35843,35851,35854,35903,35914,35916,35919,35925,35930,35940,35944,35947,35950,35954,35957,35959,35980,35984,35990,36001,36007,36009,36015,36039,36042,36105,36108,36136,36139,36201,36203,36208,36211,36218,36226,36233,36236,36244,36250,36252,36279,36288],[10,34911,4152,34913,4156],{"id":34912},"python-dir-function-explained",[28,34914,34915],{},"dir()",[14,34917,32921,34918,34920],{},[28,34919,34915],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34922,34923],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[228,34925,34926,34929,34932,34937],{},[231,34927,34928],{},"learning Python",[231,34930,34931],{},"exploring a new object",[231,34933,34934,34935],{},"debugging an ",[28,34936,26272],{},[231,34938,34939],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34941,34942,34943,34945,34946],{},"In short, ",[28,34944,34915],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[67,34947,34948],{},"“What can I use here?”",[72,34950,75],{"id":74},[21,34952,34954],{"className":23,"code":34953,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[28,34955,34956,34968],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34957,34958,34960,34962,34964,34966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,34959,8464],{"class":37},[31,34961,89],{"class":88},[31,34963,271],{"class":259},[31,34965,4425],{"class":263},[31,34967,3934],{"class":259},[31,34969,34970,34972,34974,34977,34979,34981],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,34971,134],{"class":133},[31,34973,137],{"class":41},[31,34975,34976],{"class":133},"dir",[31,34978,137],{"class":41},[31,34980,8256],{"class":140},[31,34982,1569],{"class":41},[14,34984,2668,34985,34988],{},[28,34986,34987],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34990,34991],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[21,34993,34995],{"className":23,"code":34994,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[28,34996,34997],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,34998,34999,35001,35003,35006,35008,35010,35012,35015,35017,35019,35021,35024,35026,35028,35030,35033,35035,35037,35039,35042,35044,35046,35048,35051,35053,35055,35059,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069,35071,35074,35076,35078,35080,35083,35085],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35000,42],{"class":41},[31,35002,370],{"class":259},[31,35004,35005],{"class":263},"__add__",[31,35007,370],{"class":259},[31,35009,99],{"class":41},[31,35011,379],{"class":259},[31,35013,35014],{"class":263},"__class__",[31,35016,370],{"class":259},[31,35018,99],{"class":41},[31,35020,379],{"class":259},[31,35022,35023],{"class":263},"__contains__",[31,35025,370],{"class":259},[31,35027,99],{"class":41},[31,35029,379],{"class":259},[31,35031,35032],{"class":263},"__delattr__",[31,35034,370],{"class":259},[31,35036,99],{"class":41},[31,35038,379],{"class":259},[31,35040,35041],{"class":263},"__dir__",[31,35043,370],{"class":259},[31,35045,99],{"class":41},[31,35047,379],{"class":259},[31,35049,35050],{"class":263},"__doc__",[31,35052,370],{"class":259},[31,35054,99],{"class":41},[31,35056,35058],{"class":35057},"s_hVV"," ...",[31,35060,99],{"class":41},[31,35062,379],{"class":259},[31,35064,9231],{"class":263},[31,35066,370],{"class":259},[31,35068,99],{"class":41},[31,35070,379],{"class":259},[31,35072,35073],{"class":263},"split",[31,35075,370],{"class":259},[31,35077,99],{"class":41},[31,35079,379],{"class":259},[31,35081,35082],{"class":263},"upper",[31,35084,370],{"class":259},[31,35086,59],{"class":41},[14,35088,35089],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[72,35091,4255,35093,4258],{"id":35092},"what-dir-does",[28,35094,34915],{},[14,35096,35097,35099],{},[28,35098,34915],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,35101,35102],{},"It usually includes:",[228,35104,35105,35108,35111],{},[231,35106,35107],{},"attributes",[231,35109,35110],{},"methods",[231,35112,35113],{},"special Python names",[14,35115,12051],{},[228,35117,35118,35124,35127],{},[231,35119,35120,35121],{},"The result is a ",[67,35122,35123],{},"list of strings",[231,35125,35126],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[231,35128,35129],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,35131,35132,35133,35135],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[28,35134,34915],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[72,35137,2733],{"id":2732},[14,35139,35140,35142],{},[28,35141,34915],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[613,35144,35146,35148],{"id":35145},"dir-with-no-argument",[28,35147,34915],{}," with no argument",[14,35150,35151],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[21,35153,35155],{"className":23,"code":35154,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[28,35156,35157,35165,35177,35181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35158,35159,35161,35163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35160,3603],{"class":37},[31,35162,89],{"class":88},[31,35164,3163],{"class":95},[31,35166,35167,35169,35171,35173,35175],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35168,8464],{"class":37},[31,35170,89],{"class":88},[31,35172,271],{"class":259},[31,35174,8265],{"class":263},[31,35176,3934],{"class":259},[31,35178,35179],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,35180,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,35182,35183,35185,35187,35189],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,35184,134],{"class":133},[31,35186,137],{"class":41},[31,35188,34976],{"class":133},[31,35190,7781],{"class":41},[14,35192,35193,35194,4975,35196,35198],{},"This will show names such as ",[28,35195,2750],{},[28,35197,8256],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[613,35200,35202],{"id":35201},"dirobject",[28,35203,34987],{},[14,35205,35206],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[21,35208,35210],{"className":23,"code":35209,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[28,35211,35212,35230],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35213,35214,35216,35218,35220,35222,35224,35226,35228],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35215,134],{"class":133},[31,35217,137],{"class":41},[31,35219,34976],{"class":133},[31,35221,137],{"class":41},[31,35223,260],{"class":259},[31,35225,4425],{"class":263},[31,35227,260],{"class":259},[31,35229,1569],{"class":41},[31,35231,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240,35242,35244,35246,35248,35250],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35233,134],{"class":133},[31,35235,137],{"class":41},[31,35237,34976],{"class":133},[31,35239,3564],{"class":41},[31,35241,146],{"class":95},[31,35243,99],{"class":41},[31,35245,3571],{"class":95},[31,35247,99],{"class":41},[31,35249,3027],{"class":95},[31,35251,2399],{"class":41},[14,35253,35254],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[228,35256,35257,35259,35261,35264],{},[231,35258,5892],{},[231,35260,5883],{},[231,35262,35263],{},"modules",[231,35265,35266],{},"custom objects",[72,35268,9007,35270,35272],{"id":35269},"using-dir-with-a-value",[28,35271,34915],{}," with a value",[14,35274,35275,35276,35278],{},"A common use of ",[28,35277,34915],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[613,35280,35282],{"id":35281},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[21,35284,35286],{"className":23,"code":35285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[28,35287,35288,35301],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35289,35290,35293,35295,35297,35299],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35291,35292],{"class":37},"text ",[31,35294,89],{"class":88},[31,35296,271],{"class":259},[31,35298,4425],{"class":263},[31,35300,3934],{"class":259},[31,35302,35303,35305,35307,35309,35311,35314],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35304,134],{"class":133},[31,35306,137],{"class":41},[31,35308,34976],{"class":133},[31,35310,137],{"class":41},[31,35312,35313],{"class":140},"text",[31,35315,1569],{"class":41},[14,35317,35318],{},"You will see method names like:",[228,35320,35321,35325,35329,35333],{},[231,35322,35323],{},[28,35324,9231],{},[231,35326,35327],{},[28,35328,35082],{},[231,35330,35331],{},[28,35332,35073],{},[231,35334,35335],{},[28,35336,9225],{},[14,35338,35339],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[613,35341,35343],{"id":35342},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[21,35345,35347],{"className":23,"code":35346,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[28,35348,35349,35369],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35350,35351,35353,35355,35357,35359,35361,35363,35365,35367],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35352,85],{"class":37},[31,35354,89],{"class":88},[31,35356,4200],{"class":41},[31,35358,146],{"class":95},[31,35360,99],{"class":41},[31,35362,3571],{"class":95},[31,35364,99],{"class":41},[31,35366,3027],{"class":95},[31,35368,59],{"class":41},[31,35370,35371,35373,35375,35377,35379,35381],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35372,134],{"class":133},[31,35374,137],{"class":41},[31,35376,34976],{"class":133},[31,35378,137],{"class":41},[31,35380,141],{"class":140},[31,35382,1569],{"class":41},[14,35384,35318],{},[228,35386,35387,35391,35395,35400],{},[231,35388,35389],{},[28,35390,14150],{},[231,35392,35393],{},[28,35394,26842],{},[231,35396,35397],{},[28,35398,35399],{},"remove",[231,35401,35402],{},[28,35403,35404],{},"sort",[14,35406,35407],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,35409,35410,35411,35416,35417,35419],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[264,35412,35414],{"href":35413},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[28,35415,2878],{}," can help first. Then ",[28,35418,34915],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[72,35421,9007,35423,35148],{"id":35422},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[28,35424,34915],{},[14,35426,35427,35428,35430],{},"When used with no argument, ",[28,35429,34915],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35432,35433],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[21,35435,35437],{"className":23,"code":35436,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[28,35438,35439,35448,35452,35463,35475,35479],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35440,35441,35443,35445],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35442,3603],{"class":37},[31,35444,89],{"class":88},[31,35446,35447],{"class":95}," 5\n",[31,35449,35450],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35451,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,35453,35454,35457,35461],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,35455,35456],{"class":1596},"def",[31,35458,35460],{"class":35459},"sGLFI"," greet",[31,35462,22194],{"class":41},[31,35464,35465,35468,35470,35473],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,35466,35467],{"class":4457},"    return",[31,35469,271],{"class":259},[31,35471,35472],{"class":263},"Hello",[31,35474,3934],{"class":259},[31,35476,35477],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,35478,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,35480,35481,35483,35485,35487],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,35482,134],{"class":133},[31,35484,137],{"class":41},[31,35486,34976],{"class":133},[31,35488,7781],{"class":41},[14,35490,35491],{},"The output will include names like:",[228,35493,35494,35498],{},[231,35495,35496],{},[28,35497,2750],{},[231,35499,35500],{},[28,35501,35502],{},"greet",[14,35504,35505],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[228,35507,35508,35511,35514],{},[231,35509,35510],{},"what variables exist",[231,35512,35513],{},"what functions you have defined",[231,35515,35516],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35518,35519],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[72,35521,35523],{"id":35522},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35525,35526,35527,35529],{},"When you first use ",[28,35528,34915],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35531,242],{},[21,35533,35534],{"className":23,"code":35285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,35535,35536,35548],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35537,35538,35540,35542,35544,35546],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35539,35292],{"class":37},[31,35541,89],{"class":88},[31,35543,271],{"class":259},[31,35545,4425],{"class":263},[31,35547,3934],{"class":259},[31,35549,35550,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35551,134],{"class":133},[31,35553,137],{"class":41},[31,35555,34976],{"class":133},[31,35557,137],{"class":41},[31,35559,35313],{"class":140},[31,35561,1569],{"class":41},[14,35563,35564],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[228,35566,35567,35571,35575],{},[231,35568,35569],{},[28,35570,35014],{},[231,35572,35573],{},[28,35574,35050],{},[231,35576,35577],{},[28,35578,35579],{},"__len__",[14,35581,35582],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35584,35585],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[228,35587,35588,35592,35596,35600],{},[231,35589,35590],{},[28,35591,35082],{},[231,35593,35594],{},[28,35595,9231],{},[231,35597,35598],{},[28,35599,35073],{},[231,35601,35602],{},[28,35603,35604],{},"replace",[14,35606,35607],{},"A key point to remember:",[228,35609,35610,35618],{},[231,35611,35612,35614,35615],{},[28,35613,34915],{}," lists ",[67,35616,35617],{},"names only",[231,35619,35620,35621,35623],{},"it does ",[67,35622,5213],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35625,35626,35627,70],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[264,35628,35630],{"href":35629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[28,35631,35632],{},"help()",[14,35634,6056],{},[21,35636,35638],{"className":23,"code":35637,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[28,35639,35640,35652],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35641,35642,35644,35646,35648,35650],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35643,8464],{"class":37},[31,35645,89],{"class":88},[31,35647,271],{"class":259},[31,35649,4425],{"class":263},[31,35651,3934],{"class":259},[31,35653,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35655,32756],{"class":133},[31,35657,137],{"class":41},[31,35659,8256],{"class":140},[31,35661,70],{"class":41},[31,35663,35082],{"class":25350},[31,35665,120],{"class":41},[72,35667,35669,35671],{"id":35668},"dir-on-modules",[28,35670,34915],{}," on modules",[14,35673,16312,35674,35676],{},[28,35675,34915],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35678,35679],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[613,35681,35683,35684,35686],{"id":35682},"example-math-module","Example: ",[28,35685,19016],{}," module",[21,35688,35690],{"className":23,"code":35689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[28,35691,35692,35700,35704],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35693,35694,35697],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35695,35696],{"class":4457},"import",[31,35698,35699],{"class":37}," math\n",[31,35701,35702],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35703,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,35705,35706,35708,35710,35712,35714,35716],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,35707,134],{"class":133},[31,35709,137],{"class":41},[31,35711,34976],{"class":133},[31,35713,137],{"class":41},[31,35715,19016],{"class":140},[31,35717,1569],{"class":41},[14,35719,35720],{},"You may see names like:",[228,35722,35723,35728,35733,35738],{},[231,35724,35725],{},[28,35726,35727],{},"sqrt",[231,35729,35730],{},[28,35731,35732],{},"ceil",[231,35734,35735],{},[28,35736,35737],{},"floor",[231,35739,35740],{},[28,35741,35742],{},"pi",[14,35744,35745],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35747,35748],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[228,35750,35751,35757],{},[231,35752,35753],{},[264,35754,35756],{"href":35755},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[231,35758,35759],{},[264,35760,35762],{"href":35761},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[613,35764,35766],{"id":35765},"another-example","Another example",[21,35768,35770],{"className":23,"code":35769,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[28,35771,35772,35779,35783],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35773,35774,35776],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35775,35696],{"class":4457},[31,35777,35778],{"class":37}," json\n",[31,35780,35781],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35782,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,35784,35785,35787,35789,35791,35793,35796],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,35786,134],{"class":133},[31,35788,137],{"class":41},[31,35790,34976],{"class":133},[31,35792,137],{"class":41},[31,35794,35795],{"class":140},"json",[31,35797,1569],{"class":41},[14,35799,35800,35801,2766,35804,2766,35807,17670,35810,70],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[28,35802,35803],{},"dump",[28,35805,35806],{},"dumps",[28,35808,35809],{},"load",[28,35811,35812],{},"loads",[72,35814,35816,11177,35818],{"id":35815},"dir-vs-help",[28,35817,34915],{},[28,35819,35632],{},[14,35821,35822,4975,35824,35826],{},[28,35823,34915],{},[28,35825,35632],{}," are often used together.",[613,35828,35829],{"id":34976},[28,35830,34915],{},[228,35832,35833,35836],{},[231,35834,35835],{},"shows available names",[231,35837,35838],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[613,35840,35841],{"id":32756},[28,35842,35632],{},[228,35844,35845,35848],{},[231,35846,35847],{},"explains what an object or function does",[231,35849,35850],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35852,35853],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[21,35855,35857],{"className":23,"code":35856,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[28,35858,35859,35871,35875,35889],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,35860,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,35862,8464],{"class":37},[31,35864,89],{"class":88},[31,35866,271],{"class":259},[31,35868,4425],{"class":263},[31,35870,3934],{"class":259},[31,35872,35873],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,35874,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,35876,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,35878,134],{"class":133},[31,35880,137],{"class":41},[31,35882,34976],{"class":133},[31,35884,137],{"class":41},[31,35886,8256],{"class":140},[31,35888,1569],{"class":41},[31,35890,35891,35893,35895,35897,35899,35901],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,35892,32756],{"class":133},[31,35894,137],{"class":41},[31,35896,8256],{"class":140},[31,35898,70],{"class":41},[31,35900,35082],{"class":25350},[31,35902,120],{"class":41},[14,35904,2668,35905,35907,35908,35910,35911,35913],{},[28,35906,34915],{}," first to find a method name.",[10437,35909],{},"\nThen use ",[28,35912,35632],{}," to understand how to use it.",[72,35915,25958],{"id":25957},[14,35917,35918],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[613,35920,35922,35924],{"id":35921},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[28,35923,34915],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35926,35927,35929],{},[28,35928,34915],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35931,35932,35933,35935,35936,35939],{},"For example, seeing ",[28,35934,35082],{}," in ",[28,35937,35938],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[613,35941,35943],{"id":35942},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35945,35946],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35948,35949],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[613,35951,35953],{"id":35952},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35955,35956],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35958,6056],{},[228,35960,35961,35966,35972],{},[231,35962,35963,35965],{},[28,35964,35938],{}," shows string-related names",[231,35967,35968,35971],{},[28,35969,35970],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[231,35973,35974,35977,35978,35686],{},[28,35975,35976],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[28,35979,19016],{},[613,35981,35983],{"id":35982},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35985,35986,35987,35989],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[28,35988,34915],{}," does not mean you already know:",[228,35991,35992,35995,35998],{},[231,35993,35994],{},"what it does",[231,35996,35997],{},"what arguments it needs",[231,35999,36000],{},"what it returns",[14,36002,36003,36004,36006],{},"That is why ",[28,36005,35632],{}," is the natural next step.",[72,36008,3407],{"id":3406},[14,36010,36011,36012,36014],{},"Beginners often use ",[28,36013,34915],{}," in these situations:",[228,36016,36017,36020,36029,36032],{},[231,36018,36019],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[231,36021,36022,36023,36028],{},"Seeing an ",[264,36024,36026],{"href":36025},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[28,36027,26272],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[231,36030,36031],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[231,36033,9007,36034,36036,36037],{},[28,36035,34915],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[28,36038,35632],{},[14,36040,36041],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[21,36043,36045],{"className":23,"code":36044,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[28,36046,36047,36059,36063,36077,36091],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36048,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36050,8464],{"class":37},[31,36052,89],{"class":88},[31,36054,271],{"class":259},[31,36056,4425],{"class":263},[31,36058,3934],{"class":259},[31,36060,36061],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36062,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36064,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36066,134],{"class":133},[31,36068,137],{"class":41},[31,36070,1562],{"class":1561},[31,36072,137],{"class":41},[31,36074,8256],{"class":140},[31,36076,1569],{"class":41},[31,36078,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36080,134],{"class":133},[31,36082,137],{"class":41},[31,36084,34976],{"class":133},[31,36086,137],{"class":41},[31,36088,8256],{"class":140},[31,36090,1569],{"class":41},[31,36092,36093,36095,36097,36099,36101,36103],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,36094,32756],{"class":133},[31,36096,137],{"class":41},[31,36098,8256],{"class":140},[31,36100,70],{"class":41},[31,36102,35082],{"class":25350},[31,36104,120],{"class":41},[14,36106,36107],{},"And for modules:",[21,36109,36110],{"className":23,"code":35689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,36111,36112,36118,36122],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36113,36114,36116],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36115,35696],{"class":4457},[31,36117,35699],{"class":37},[31,36119,36120],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36121,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36123,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36125,134],{"class":133},[31,36127,137],{"class":41},[31,36129,34976],{"class":133},[31,36131,137],{"class":41},[31,36133,19016],{"class":140},[31,36135,1569],{"class":41},[14,36137,36138],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[21,36140,36142],{"className":23,"code":36141,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[28,36143,36144,36149,36161,36171,36185,36191],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36145,36146],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36147,36148],{"class":37},"python\n",[31,36150,36151,36153,36155,36157,36159],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36152,8464],{"class":37},[31,36154,89],{"class":88},[31,36156,271],{"class":259},[31,36158,4425],{"class":263},[31,36160,3934],{"class":259},[31,36162,36163,36165,36167,36169],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36164,34976],{"class":133},[31,36166,137],{"class":41},[31,36168,8256],{"class":140},[31,36170,120],{"class":41},[31,36172,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36174,32756],{"class":133},[31,36176,137],{"class":41},[31,36178,8256],{"class":140},[31,36180,70],{"class":41},[31,36182,35082],{"class":25350},[31,36184,120],{"class":41},[31,36186,36187,36189],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,36188,35696],{"class":4457},[31,36190,35699],{"class":37},[31,36192,36193,36195,36197,36199],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,36194,34976],{"class":133},[31,36196,137],{"class":41},[31,36198,19016],{"class":140},[31,36200,120],{"class":41},[72,36202,2435],{"id":2434},[613,36204,2453,36206,5727],{"id":36205},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[28,36207,34915],{},[14,36209,36210],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[613,36212,5762,36214,4975,36216,2466],{"id":36213},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[28,36215,34915],{},[28,36217,35632],{},[14,36219,36220,36222,36223,36225],{},[28,36221,34915],{}," lists available names. ",[28,36224,35632],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[613,36227,36229,36230,36232],{"id":36228},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[28,36231,34915],{}," output?",[14,36234,36235],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[613,36237,5752,36239,36241,36242,2466],{"id":36238},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[28,36240,34915],{}," help fix ",[28,36243,26272],{},[14,36245,36246,36247,70],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[264,36248,36249],{"href":36025},"object has no attribute",[72,36251,2475],{"id":2474},[228,36253,36254,36260,36265,36269,36273],{},[231,36255,36256],{},[264,36257,4152,36258,4085],{"href":35629},[28,36259,35632],{},[231,36261,36262],{},[264,36263,36264],{"href":36025},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[231,36266,36267],{},[264,36268,35756],{"href":35755},[231,36270,36271],{},[264,36272,35762],{"href":35761},[231,36274,36275],{},[264,36276,4152,36277,4085],{"href":35413},[28,36278,2878],{},[14,36280,36281,36282,36284,36285,36287],{},"A good habit is to use ",[28,36283,34915],{}," together with ",[28,36286,35632],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2499,36289,36290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":36292},[36293,36294,36296,36301,36306,36308,36309,36315,36320,36327,36328,36338],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":35092,"depth":123,"text":36295},"What dir() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":36297},[36298,36300],{"id":35145,"depth":130,"text":36299},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35201,"depth":130,"text":34987},{"id":35269,"depth":123,"text":36302,"children":36303},"Using dir() with a value",[36304,36305],{"id":35281,"depth":130,"text":35282},{"id":35342,"depth":130,"text":35343},{"id":35422,"depth":123,"text":36307},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35522,"depth":123,"text":35523},{"id":35668,"depth":123,"text":36310,"children":36311},"dir() on modules",[36312,36314],{"id":35682,"depth":130,"text":36313},"Example: math module",{"id":35765,"depth":130,"text":35766},{"id":35815,"depth":123,"text":36316,"children":36317},"dir() vs help()",[36318,36319],{"id":34976,"depth":130,"text":34915},{"id":32756,"depth":130,"text":35632},{"id":25957,"depth":123,"text":25958,"children":36321},[36322,36324,36325,36326],{"id":35921,"depth":130,"text":36323},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35942,"depth":130,"text":35943},{"id":35952,"depth":130,"text":35953},{"id":35982,"depth":130,"text":35983},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":36329},[36330,36332,36334,36336],{"id":36205,"depth":130,"text":36331},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36213,"depth":130,"text":36333},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36228,"depth":130,"text":36335},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36238,"depth":130,"text":36337},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34907,"description":36339},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36346,"title":36347,"body":36348,"description":38164,"extension":2542,"meta":38165,"navigation":126,"path":38166,"seo":38167,"stem":38168,"__hash__":38169},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36349,"toc":38133},[36350,36356,36361,36364,36372,36378,36380,36460,36462,36488,36493,36498,36503,36506,36517,36520,36522,36601,36603,36629,36636,36638,36640,36665,36668,36680,36685,36687,36766,36768,36794,36803,36808,36816,36822,36829,36832,36834,36913,36916,36973,36975,37012,37018,37023,37028,37031,37045,37047,37150,37152,37195,37204,37214,37221,37227,37234,37317,37319,37342,37345,37348,37350,37354,37358,37361,37424,37446,37449,37453,37459,37461,37528,37531,37608,37613,37619,37622,37625,37671,37673,37697,37702,37706,37711,37717,37780,37783,37785,37788,37813,37816,37951,37953,38054,38056,38061,38064,38070,38080,38088,38093,38099,38105,38107,38130],[10,36351,4152,36353,4156],{"id":36352},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[28,36354,36355],{},"enumerate()",[14,36357,36358,36360],{},[28,36359,36355],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,36362,36363],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[228,36365,36366,36369],{},[231,36367,36368],{},"the item itself",[231,36370,36371],{},"its index in the loop",[14,36373,36374,36375,36377],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[28,36376,36355],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[72,36379,75],{"id":74},[21,36381,36383],{"className":23,"code":36382,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[28,36384,36385,36417,36421,36444],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36386,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36388,13672],{"class":37},[31,36390,89],{"class":88},[31,36392,4200],{"class":41},[31,36394,260],{"class":259},[31,36396,13689],{"class":263},[31,36398,260],{"class":259},[31,36400,99],{"class":41},[31,36402,271],{"class":259},[31,36404,18054],{"class":263},[31,36406,260],{"class":259},[31,36408,99],{"class":41},[31,36410,271],{"class":259},[31,36412,13706],{"class":263},[31,36414,260],{"class":259},[31,36416,59],{"class":41},[31,36418,36419],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36420,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36422,36423,36425,36428,36430,36433,36435,36438,36440,36442],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36424,6543],{"class":4457},[31,36426,36427],{"class":37}," index",[31,36429,99],{"class":41},[31,36431,36432],{"class":37}," color ",[31,36434,4464],{"class":4457},[31,36436,36437],{"class":133}," enumerate",[31,36439,137],{"class":41},[31,36441,18101],{"class":140},[31,36443,8931],{"class":41},[31,36445,36446,36448,36450,36453,36455,36458],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36447,8657],{"class":133},[31,36449,137],{"class":41},[31,36451,36452],{"class":140},"index",[31,36454,99],{"class":41},[31,36456,36457],{"class":140}," color",[31,36459,120],{"class":41},[14,36461,358],{},[21,36463,36465],{"className":23,"code":36464,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[28,36466,36467,36474,36481],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36468,36469,36471],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36470,1243],{"class":95},[31,36472,36473],{"class":37}," red\n",[31,36475,36476,36478],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36477,146],{"class":95},[31,36479,36480],{"class":37}," green\n",[31,36482,36483,36485],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36484,193],{"class":95},[31,36486,36487],{"class":37}," blue\n",[14,36489,2668,36490,36492],{},[28,36491,36355],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[72,36494,4255,36496,4258],{"id":36495},"what-enumerate-does",[28,36497,36355],{},[14,36499,36500,36502],{},[28,36501,36355],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36504,36505],{},"It is commonly used with:",[228,36507,36508,36510,36512,36514],{},[231,36509,5883],{},[231,36511,5886],{},[231,36513,5892],{},[231,36515,36516],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36518,36519],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36521,242],{},[21,36523,36525],{"className":23,"code":36524,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[28,36526,36527,36561,36565,36586],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36528,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36548,36550,36552,36554,36557,36559],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36530,5578],{"class":37},[31,36532,89],{"class":88},[31,36534,4200],{"class":41},[31,36536,260],{"class":259},[31,36538,13476],{"class":263},[31,36540,260],{"class":259},[31,36542,99],{"class":41},[31,36544,271],{"class":259},[31,36546,36547],{"class":263},"Ben",[31,36549,260],{"class":259},[31,36551,99],{"class":41},[31,36553,271],{"class":259},[31,36555,36556],{"class":263},"Cara",[31,36558,260],{"class":259},[31,36560,59],{"class":41},[31,36562,36563],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36564,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36566,36567,36569,36571,36573,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36568,6543],{"class":4457},[31,36570,36427],{"class":37},[31,36572,99],{"class":41},[31,36574,36575],{"class":37}," name ",[31,36577,4464],{"class":4457},[31,36579,36437],{"class":133},[31,36581,137],{"class":41},[31,36583,5622],{"class":140},[31,36585,8931],{"class":41},[31,36587,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36599],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36589,8657],{"class":133},[31,36591,137],{"class":41},[31,36593,36452],{"class":140},[31,36595,99],{"class":41},[31,36597,36598],{"class":140}," name",[31,36600,120],{"class":41},[14,36602,358],{},[21,36604,36606],{"className":23,"code":36605,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[28,36607,36608,36615,36622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36609,36610,36612],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36611,1243],{"class":95},[31,36613,36614],{"class":37}," Ana\n",[31,36616,36617,36619],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36618,146],{"class":95},[31,36620,36621],{"class":37}," Ben\n",[31,36623,36624,36626],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36625,193],{"class":95},[31,36627,36628],{"class":37}," Cara\n",[14,36630,36631,36632,70],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[264,36633,36635],{"href":36634},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[72,36637,2733],{"id":2732},[14,36639,2736],{},[21,36641,36643],{"className":23,"code":36642,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[28,36644,36645],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36646,36647,36650,36652,36654,36656,36659,36661,36663],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36648,36649],{"class":133},"enumerate",[31,36651,137],{"class":41},[31,36653,4299],{"class":140},[31,36655,99],{"class":41},[31,36657,36658],{"class":9767}," start",[31,36660,89],{"class":88},[31,36662,1243],{"class":95},[31,36664,120],{"class":41},[14,36666,36667],{},"It has two parts:",[228,36669,36670,36675],{},[231,36671,36672,36674],{},[28,36673,4299],{},": the object you want to loop through",[231,36676,36677,36679],{},[28,36678,45],{},": the number to begin counting from",[14,36681,36682,36683,70],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[28,36684,1243],{},[14,36686,242],{},[21,36688,36690],{"className":23,"code":36689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[28,36691,36692,36724,36728,36750],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36693,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36695,252],{"class":37},[31,36697,89],{"class":88},[31,36699,4200],{"class":41},[31,36701,260],{"class":259},[31,36703,264],{"class":263},[31,36705,260],{"class":259},[31,36707,99],{"class":41},[31,36709,271],{"class":259},[31,36711,274],{"class":263},[31,36713,260],{"class":259},[31,36715,99],{"class":41},[31,36717,271],{"class":259},[31,36719,283],{"class":263},[31,36721,260],{"class":259},[31,36723,59],{"class":41},[31,36725,36726],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36727,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36729,36730,36732,36735,36737,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36731,6543],{"class":4457},[31,36733,36734],{"class":37}," i",[31,36736,99],{"class":41},[31,36738,36739],{"class":37}," letter ",[31,36741,4464],{"class":4457},[31,36743,36437],{"class":133},[31,36745,137],{"class":41},[31,36747,353],{"class":140},[31,36749,8931],{"class":41},[31,36751,36752,36754,36756,36759,36761,36764],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36753,8657],{"class":133},[31,36755,137],{"class":41},[31,36757,36758],{"class":140},"i",[31,36760,99],{"class":41},[31,36762,36763],{"class":140}," letter",[31,36765,120],{"class":41},[14,36767,358],{},[21,36769,36771],{"className":23,"code":36770,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[28,36772,36773,36780,36787],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36774,36775,36777],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36776,1243],{"class":95},[31,36778,36779],{"class":37}," a\n",[31,36781,36782,36784],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36783,146],{"class":95},[31,36785,36786],{"class":37}," b\n",[31,36788,36789,36791],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36790,193],{"class":95},[31,36792,36793],{"class":37}," c\n",[14,36795,36796,36797,70],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[264,36798,4152,36800,4085],{"href":36799},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[28,36801,36802],{},"range()",[72,36804,4255,36806,12299],{"id":36805},"what-enumerate-returns",[28,36807,36355],{},[14,36809,36810,36812,36813,70],{},[28,36811,36355],{}," returns an ",[67,36814,36815],{},"enumerate object",[14,36817,36818,36819,36821],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[28,36820,6543],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[228,36823,36824],{},[231,36825,36826],{},[28,36827,36828],{},"(index, item)",[14,36830,36831],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36833,242],{},[21,36835,36837],{"className":23,"code":36836,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[28,36838,36839,36872,36876,36898],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36840,36841,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36842,36843],{"class":37},"fruits ",[31,36845,89],{"class":88},[31,36847,4200],{"class":41},[31,36849,260],{"class":259},[31,36851,4660],{"class":263},[31,36853,260],{"class":259},[31,36855,99],{"class":41},[31,36857,271],{"class":259},[31,36859,4669],{"class":263},[31,36861,260],{"class":259},[31,36863,99],{"class":41},[31,36865,271],{"class":259},[31,36867,33825],{"class":263},[31,36869,260],{"class":259},[31,36871,59],{"class":41},[31,36873,36874],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36875,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36877,36878,36880,36882,36884,36887,36889,36891,36893,36896],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36879,6543],{"class":4457},[31,36881,36427],{"class":37},[31,36883,99],{"class":41},[31,36885,36886],{"class":37}," fruit ",[31,36888,4464],{"class":4457},[31,36890,36437],{"class":133},[31,36892,137],{"class":41},[31,36894,36895],{"class":140},"fruits",[31,36897,8931],{"class":41},[31,36899,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36911],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36901,8657],{"class":133},[31,36903,137],{"class":41},[31,36905,36452],{"class":140},[31,36907,99],{"class":41},[31,36909,36910],{"class":140}," fruit",[31,36912,120],{"class":41},[14,36914,36915],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[21,36917,36919],{"className":23,"code":36918,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[28,36920,36921,36941,36945,36963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36922,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36924,85],{"class":37},[31,36926,89],{"class":88},[31,36928,4200],{"class":41},[31,36930,96],{"class":95},[31,36932,99],{"class":41},[31,36934,102],{"class":95},[31,36936,99],{"class":41},[31,36938,107],{"class":95},[31,36940,59],{"class":41},[31,36942,36943],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,36944,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,36946,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,36948,1522],{"class":37},[31,36950,89],{"class":88},[31,36952,23159],{"class":1561},[31,36954,137],{"class":41},[31,36956,36649],{"class":133},[31,36958,137],{"class":41},[31,36960,141],{"class":140},[31,36962,1569],{"class":41},[31,36964,36965,36967,36969,36971],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,36966,134],{"class":133},[31,36968,137],{"class":41},[31,36970,1550],{"class":140},[31,36972,120],{"class":41},[14,36974,358],{},[21,36976,36978],{"className":23,"code":36977,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[28,36979,36980],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,36981,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,36983,22339],{"class":41},[31,36985,1243],{"class":95},[31,36987,99],{"class":41},[31,36989,1026],{"class":95},[31,36991,9825],{"class":41},[31,36993,92],{"class":41},[31,36995,146],{"class":95},[31,36997,99],{"class":41},[31,36999,102],{"class":95},[31,37001,9825],{"class":41},[31,37003,92],{"class":41},[31,37005,193],{"class":95},[31,37007,99],{"class":41},[31,37009,107],{"class":95},[31,37011,9840],{"class":41},[14,37013,37014,37015,37017],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[28,37016,36355],{}," produces.",[72,37019,5544,37021],{"id":37020},"when-to-use-enumerate",[28,37022,36355],{},[14,37024,2668,37025,37027],{},[28,37026,36355],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,37029,37030],{},"Common cases:",[228,37032,37033,37036,37039,37042],{},[231,37034,37035],{},"printing numbered output",[231,37037,37038],{},"building menus",[231,37040,37041],{},"showing positions in a list",[231,37043,37044],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,37046,242],{},[21,37048,37050],{"className":23,"code":37049,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[28,37051,37052,37087,37091,37121],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37053,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37065,37067,37069,37071,37074,37076,37078,37080,37083,37085],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37055,30500],{"class":37},[31,37057,89],{"class":88},[31,37059,4200],{"class":41},[31,37061,260],{"class":259},[31,37063,37064],{"class":263},"Wash dishes",[31,37066,260],{"class":259},[31,37068,99],{"class":41},[31,37070,271],{"class":259},[31,37072,37073],{"class":263},"Study Python",[31,37075,260],{"class":259},[31,37077,99],{"class":41},[31,37079,271],{"class":259},[31,37081,37082],{"class":263},"Go for a walk",[31,37084,260],{"class":259},[31,37086,59],{"class":41},[31,37088,37089],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37090,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,37092,37093,37095,37097,37099,37102,37104,37106,37108,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37094,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37096,2774],{"class":37},[31,37098,99],{"class":41},[31,37100,37101],{"class":37}," task ",[31,37103,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37105,36437],{"class":133},[31,37107,137],{"class":41},[31,37109,37110],{"class":140},"tasks",[31,37112,99],{"class":41},[31,37114,36658],{"class":9767},[31,37116,89],{"class":88},[31,37118,146],{"class":95},[31,37120,8931],{"class":41},[31,37122,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37144,37146,37148],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37124,8657],{"class":133},[31,37126,137],{"class":41},[31,37128,22893],{"class":1596},[31,37130,260],{"class":263},[31,37132,9869],{"class":95},[31,37134,2816],{"class":140},[31,37136,22902],{"class":95},[31,37138,28915],{"class":263},[31,37140,9869],{"class":95},[31,37142,37143],{"class":140},"task",[31,37145,22902],{"class":95},[31,37147,260],{"class":263},[31,37149,120],{"class":41},[14,37151,358],{},[21,37153,37155],{"className":23,"code":37154,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[28,37156,37157,37169,37181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37158,37159,37161,37163,37166],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37160,146],{"class":95},[31,37162,70],{"class":41},[31,37164,37165],{"class":25350}," Wash",[31,37167,37168],{"class":37}," dishes\n",[31,37170,37171,37173,37175,37178],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37172,193],{"class":95},[31,37174,70],{"class":41},[31,37176,37177],{"class":25350}," Study",[31,37179,37180],{"class":37}," Python\n",[31,37182,37183,37185,37187,37190,37192],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37184,173],{"class":95},[31,37186,70],{"class":41},[31,37188,37189],{"class":25350}," Go",[31,37191,4458],{"class":4457},[31,37193,37194],{"class":37}," a walk\n",[14,37196,37197,37198,37200,37201,70],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[28,37199,36355],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[28,37202,37203],{},"range(len(...))",[14,37205,37206,37207,70],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[264,37208,37210,37211,37213],{"href":37209},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[28,37212,36355],{}," in Python",[72,37215,37217,37218,37220],{"id":37216},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[28,37219,45],{}," argument",[14,37222,37223,37224,37226],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[28,37225,45],{}," argument.",[14,37228,37229,37230,11685,37232,48],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[28,37231,146],{},[28,37233,1243],{},[21,37235,37237],{"className":23,"code":37236,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[28,37238,37239,37271,37275,37303],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37240,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37242,13672],{"class":37},[31,37244,89],{"class":88},[31,37246,4200],{"class":41},[31,37248,260],{"class":259},[31,37250,13689],{"class":263},[31,37252,260],{"class":259},[31,37254,99],{"class":41},[31,37256,271],{"class":259},[31,37258,18054],{"class":263},[31,37260,260],{"class":259},[31,37262,99],{"class":41},[31,37264,271],{"class":259},[31,37266,13706],{"class":263},[31,37268,260],{"class":259},[31,37270,59],{"class":41},[31,37272,37273],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37274,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,37276,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37278,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37280,36427],{"class":37},[31,37282,99],{"class":41},[31,37284,36432],{"class":37},[31,37286,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37288,36437],{"class":133},[31,37290,137],{"class":41},[31,37292,18101],{"class":140},[31,37294,99],{"class":41},[31,37296,36658],{"class":9767},[31,37298,89],{"class":88},[31,37300,146],{"class":95},[31,37302,8931],{"class":41},[31,37304,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37306,8657],{"class":133},[31,37308,137],{"class":41},[31,37310,36452],{"class":140},[31,37312,99],{"class":41},[31,37314,36457],{"class":140},[31,37316,120],{"class":41},[14,37318,358],{},[21,37320,37322],{"className":23,"code":37321,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[28,37323,37324,37330,37336],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37325,37326,37328],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37327,146],{"class":95},[31,37329,36473],{"class":37},[31,37331,37332,37334],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37333,193],{"class":95},[31,37335,36480],{"class":37},[31,37337,37338,37340],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37339,173],{"class":95},[31,37341,36487],{"class":37},[14,37343,37344],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,37346,37347],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[72,37349,25958],{"id":25957},[14,37351,25961,37352,70],{},[28,37353,36355],{},[613,37355,37357],{"id":37356},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,37359,37360],{},"In this loop:",[21,37362,37364],{"className":23,"code":37363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[28,37365,37366,37386,37390,37410],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37367,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37369,85],{"class":37},[31,37371,89],{"class":88},[31,37373,4200],{"class":41},[31,37375,96],{"class":95},[31,37377,99],{"class":41},[31,37379,102],{"class":95},[31,37381,99],{"class":41},[31,37383,107],{"class":95},[31,37385,59],{"class":41},[31,37387,37388],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37389,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,37391,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37393,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37395,36427],{"class":37},[31,37397,99],{"class":41},[31,37399,22183],{"class":37},[31,37401,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37403,36437],{"class":133},[31,37405,137],{"class":41},[31,37407,141],{"class":140},[31,37409,8931],{"class":41},[31,37411,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37413,8657],{"class":133},[31,37415,137],{"class":41},[31,37417,36452],{"class":140},[31,37419,99],{"class":41},[31,37421,9023],{"class":140},[31,37423,120],{"class":41},[228,37425,37426,37436],{},[231,37427,37428,5366,37430,2766,37432,2766,37434],{},[28,37429,36452],{},[28,37431,1243],{},[28,37433,146],{},[28,37435,193],{},[231,37437,37438,5366,37440,2766,37442,2766,37444],{},[28,37439,3049],{},[28,37441,96],{},[28,37443,580],{},[28,37445,764],{},[14,37447,37448],{},"These are different things.",[613,37450,37452],{"id":37451},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37454,37455,37456,37458],{},"Each item from ",[28,37457,36355],{}," is a pair.",[14,37460,7274],{},[21,37462,37464],{"className":23,"code":37463,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[28,37465,37466,37490,37494,37514],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37467,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37469,8368],{"class":37},[31,37471,89],{"class":88},[31,37473,4200],{"class":41},[31,37475,260],{"class":259},[31,37477,2750],{"class":263},[31,37479,260],{"class":259},[31,37481,99],{"class":41},[31,37483,271],{"class":259},[31,37485,12339],{"class":263},[31,37487,260],{"class":259},[31,37489,59],{"class":41},[31,37491,37492],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37493,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,37495,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37497,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37499,36734],{"class":37},[31,37501,99],{"class":41},[31,37503,6546],{"class":37},[31,37505,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37507,36437],{"class":133},[31,37509,137],{"class":41},[31,37511,8397],{"class":140},[31,37513,8931],{"class":41},[31,37515,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37517,8657],{"class":133},[31,37519,137],{"class":41},[31,37521,36758],{"class":140},[31,37523,99],{"class":41},[31,37525,30109],{"class":140},[31,37527,120],{"class":41},[14,37529,37530],{},"But this causes an error:",[21,37532,37534],{"className":23,"code":37533,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[28,37535,37536,37560,37564,37589],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37537,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37539,8368],{"class":37},[31,37541,89],{"class":88},[31,37543,4200],{"class":41},[31,37545,260],{"class":259},[31,37547,2750],{"class":263},[31,37549,260],{"class":259},[31,37551,99],{"class":41},[31,37553,271],{"class":259},[31,37555,12339],{"class":263},[31,37557,260],{"class":259},[31,37559,59],{"class":41},[31,37561,37562],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37563,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37567,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37569,36734],{"class":37},[31,37571,99],{"class":41},[31,37573,30109],{"class":37},[31,37575,99],{"class":41},[31,37577,37578],{"class":37}," extra ",[31,37580,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37582,36437],{"class":133},[31,37584,137],{"class":41},[31,37586,8397],{"class":140},[31,37588,8931],{"class":41},[31,37590,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37606],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37592,8657],{"class":133},[31,37594,137],{"class":41},[31,37596,36758],{"class":140},[31,37598,99],{"class":41},[31,37600,30109],{"class":140},[31,37602,99],{"class":41},[31,37604,37605],{"class":140}," extra",[31,37607,120],{"class":41},[14,37609,29663,37610,37612],{},[28,37611,36355],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[613,37614,37616,37618],{"id":37615},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[28,37617,36355],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37620,37621],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37623,37624],{},"Example with a string:",[21,37626,37628],{"className":23,"code":37627,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[28,37629,37630,37656],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37631,37632,37634,37636,37638,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37652,37654],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37633,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37635,36427],{"class":37},[31,37637,99],{"class":41},[31,37639,37640],{"class":37}," char ",[31,37642,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37644,36437],{"class":133},[31,37646,137],{"class":41},[31,37648,260],{"class":259},[31,37650,37651],{"class":263},"cat",[31,37653,260],{"class":259},[31,37655,8931],{"class":41},[31,37657,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37669],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37659,8657],{"class":133},[31,37661,137],{"class":41},[31,37663,36452],{"class":140},[31,37665,99],{"class":41},[31,37667,37668],{"class":140}," char",[31,37670,120],{"class":41},[14,37672,358],{},[21,37674,37676],{"className":23,"code":37675,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[28,37677,37678,37684,37690],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37679,37680,37682],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37681,1243],{"class":95},[31,37683,36793],{"class":37},[31,37685,37686,37688],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37687,146],{"class":95},[31,37689,36779],{"class":37},[31,37691,37692,37694],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37693,193],{"class":95},[31,37695,37696],{"class":37}," t\n",[14,37698,37699,37700,70],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[264,37701,5719],{"href":6171},[613,37703,37705],{"id":37704},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37707,37708,37709,70],{},"You do not always need ",[28,37710,36355],{},[14,37712,37713,37714,37716],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[28,37715,6543],{}," loop:",[21,37718,37720],{"className":23,"code":37719,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[28,37721,37722,37754,37758,37770],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37723,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37725,13672],{"class":37},[31,37727,89],{"class":88},[31,37729,4200],{"class":41},[31,37731,260],{"class":259},[31,37733,13689],{"class":263},[31,37735,260],{"class":259},[31,37737,99],{"class":41},[31,37739,271],{"class":259},[31,37741,18054],{"class":263},[31,37743,260],{"class":259},[31,37745,99],{"class":41},[31,37747,271],{"class":259},[31,37749,13706],{"class":263},[31,37751,260],{"class":259},[31,37753,59],{"class":41},[31,37755,37756],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37757,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,37759,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37761,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37763,36432],{"class":37},[31,37765,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37767,13720],{"class":37},[31,37769,6978],{"class":41},[31,37771,37772,37774,37776,37778],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37773,8657],{"class":133},[31,37775,137],{"class":41},[31,37777,33495],{"class":140},[31,37779,120],{"class":41},[14,37781,37782],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[72,37784,3407],{"id":3406},[14,37786,37787],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[228,37789,37790,37795,37801,37806],{},[231,37791,23700,37792,37794],{},[28,37793,36355],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[231,37796,37797,37798,37800],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[28,37799,1243],{}," by default",[231,37802,9007,37803,37805],{},[28,37804,36355],{}," when only values are needed",[231,37807,37808,37809,9295,37811],{},"Confusing ",[28,37810,36355],{},[28,37812,36802],{},[14,37814,37815],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[21,37817,37819],{"className":23,"code":37818,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[28,37820,37821,37843,37870,37904,37937],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37822,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37824,134],{"class":133},[31,37826,137],{"class":41},[31,37828,36649],{"class":133},[31,37830,3564],{"class":41},[31,37832,96],{"class":95},[31,37834,99],{"class":41},[31,37836,102],{"class":95},[31,37838,99],{"class":41},[31,37840,107],{"class":95},[31,37842,2399],{"class":41},[31,37844,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37846,134],{"class":133},[31,37848,137],{"class":41},[31,37850,8682],{"class":1561},[31,37852,137],{"class":41},[31,37854,36649],{"class":133},[31,37856,3564],{"class":41},[31,37858,96],{"class":95},[31,37860,99],{"class":41},[31,37862,102],{"class":95},[31,37864,99],{"class":41},[31,37866,107],{"class":95},[31,37868,37869],{"class":41},"])))\n",[31,37871,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,37873,134],{"class":133},[31,37875,137],{"class":41},[31,37877,8682],{"class":1561},[31,37879,137],{"class":41},[31,37881,36649],{"class":133},[31,37883,3564],{"class":41},[31,37885,96],{"class":95},[31,37887,99],{"class":41},[31,37889,102],{"class":95},[31,37891,99],{"class":41},[31,37893,107],{"class":95},[31,37895,18661],{"class":41},[31,37897,36658],{"class":9767},[31,37899,89],{"class":88},[31,37901,146],{"class":95},[31,37903,3490],{"class":41},[31,37905,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,37907,6543],{"class":4457},[31,37909,36734],{"class":37},[31,37911,99],{"class":41},[31,37913,22183],{"class":37},[31,37915,4464],{"class":4457},[31,37917,36437],{"class":133},[31,37919,3564],{"class":41},[31,37921,370],{"class":259},[31,37923,264],{"class":263},[31,37925,370],{"class":259},[31,37927,99],{"class":41},[31,37929,379],{"class":259},[31,37931,274],{"class":263},[31,37933,370],{"class":259},[31,37935,37936],{"class":41},"]):\n",[31,37938,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,37940,8657],{"class":133},[31,37942,137],{"class":41},[31,37944,36758],{"class":140},[31,37946,99],{"class":41},[31,37948,9023],{"class":140},[31,37950,120],{"class":41},[14,37952,17556],{},[21,37954,37956],{"className":23,"code":37955,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[28,37957,37958,37978,38010,38042,38048],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,37959,37960,37962,37964,37966,37969,37973,37976],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,37961,1593],{"class":88},[31,37963,36649],{"class":133},[31,37965,25217],{"class":1561},[31,37967,37968],{"class":37}," at ",[31,37970,37972],{"class":37971},"srjyR","0x",[31,37974,37975],{"class":35057},"...",[31,37977,1606],{"class":88},[31,37979,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,37981,22339],{"class":41},[31,37983,1243],{"class":95},[31,37985,99],{"class":41},[31,37987,1026],{"class":95},[31,37989,9825],{"class":41},[31,37991,92],{"class":41},[31,37993,146],{"class":95},[31,37995,99],{"class":41},[31,37997,102],{"class":95},[31,37999,9825],{"class":41},[31,38001,92],{"class":41},[31,38003,193],{"class":95},[31,38005,99],{"class":41},[31,38007,107],{"class":95},[31,38009,9840],{"class":41},[31,38011,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38013,22339],{"class":41},[31,38015,146],{"class":95},[31,38017,99],{"class":41},[31,38019,1026],{"class":95},[31,38021,9825],{"class":41},[31,38023,92],{"class":41},[31,38025,193],{"class":95},[31,38027,99],{"class":41},[31,38029,102],{"class":95},[31,38031,9825],{"class":41},[31,38033,92],{"class":41},[31,38035,173],{"class":95},[31,38037,99],{"class":41},[31,38039,107],{"class":95},[31,38041,9840],{"class":41},[31,38043,38044,38046],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,38045,1243],{"class":95},[31,38047,36779],{"class":37},[31,38049,38050,38052],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,38051,146],{"class":95},[31,38053,36786],{"class":37},[72,38055,2435],{"id":2434},[613,38057,2453,38059,5727],{"id":38058},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[28,38060,36355],{},[14,38062,38063],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[613,38065,13299,38067,38069],{"id":38066},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[28,38068,36355],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,38071,38072,38073,38075,38076,38079],{},"It starts at ",[28,38074,1243],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[28,38077,38078],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[613,38081,22019,38083,11685,38085,2466],{"id":38082},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[28,38084,36355],{},[28,38086,38087],{},"range(len(list))",[14,38089,37197,38090,38092],{},[28,38091,36355],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[613,38094,5752,38096,38098],{"id":38095},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[28,38097,36355],{}," be used with strings?",[14,38100,38101,38102,38104],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[28,38103,36355],{}," can return each character with its index.",[72,38106,2475],{"id":2474},[228,38108,38109,38113,38119,38126],{},[231,38110,38111],{},[264,38112,36635],{"href":36634},[231,38114,38115],{},[264,38116,4152,38117,4085],{"href":36799},[28,38118,36802],{},[231,38120,38121],{},[264,38122,38123,38124,37213],{"href":37209},"How to use ",[28,38125,36355],{},[231,38127,38128],{},[264,38129,5799],{"href":6171},[2499,38131,38132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":38134},[38135,38136,38138,38139,38141,38143,38145,38152,38153,38163],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":36495,"depth":123,"text":38137},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":36805,"depth":123,"text":38140},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37020,"depth":123,"text":38142},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37216,"depth":123,"text":38144},"Using the start argument",{"id":25957,"depth":123,"text":25958,"children":38146},[38147,38148,38149,38151],{"id":37356,"depth":130,"text":37357},{"id":37451,"depth":130,"text":37452},{"id":37615,"depth":130,"text":38150},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37704,"depth":130,"text":37705},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":38154},[38155,38157,38159,38161],{"id":38058,"depth":130,"text":38156},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38066,"depth":130,"text":38158},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38082,"depth":130,"text":38160},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38095,"depth":130,"text":38162},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36347,"description":38164},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38171,"title":38172,"body":38173,"description":40688,"extension":2542,"meta":40689,"navigation":126,"path":40690,"seo":40691,"stem":40692,"__hash__":40693},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38174,"toc":40645},[38175,38181,38186,38189,38197,38211,38213,38304,38312,38317,38322,38324,38340,38342,38421,38423,38440,38446,38450,38452,38473,38477,38480,38492,38496,38499,38502,38519,38522,38598,38600,38617,38622,38626,38634,38637,38652,38654,38743,38745,38790,38793,38797,38800,38879,38881,38903,38906,38913,38918,38921,39024,39026,39051,39054,39061,39067,39072,39075,39086,39192,39194,39215,39223,39230,39236,39255,39260,39263,39282,39284,39369,39371,39400,39403,39408,39413,39416,39427,39429,39518,39520,39540,39546,39652,39654,39674,39677,39761,39763,39783,39790,39792,39796,39802,39805,39862,39865,39868,39929,39938,39941,39944,39972,39975,40035,40037,40054,40058,40061,40139,40141,40161,40164,40239,40243,40246,40248,40257,40262,40264,40315,40323,40335,40340,40401,40403,40420,40424,40487,40489,40514,40522,40524,40530,40536,40543,40551,40557,40560,40566,40576,40582,40588,40591,40608,40614,40616,40642],[10,38176,4152,38178,4156],{"id":38177},"python-filter-function-explained",[28,38179,38180],{},"filter()",[14,38182,38183,38185],{},[28,38184,38180],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,38187,38188],{},"It takes:",[228,38190,38191,38194],{},[231,38192,38193],{},"a function that checks each item",[231,38195,38196],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,38198,38199,38200,38203,38204,38207,38208,38210],{},"The result is ",[67,38201,38202],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[28,38205,38206],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[28,38209,25381],{}," to see the values.",[72,38212,75],{"id":74},[21,38214,38216],{"className":23,"code":38215,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[28,38217,38218,38251,38287],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38219,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38249],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38221,85],{"class":37},[31,38223,89],{"class":88},[31,38225,4200],{"class":41},[31,38227,146],{"class":95},[31,38229,99],{"class":41},[31,38231,3571],{"class":95},[31,38233,99],{"class":41},[31,38235,3027],{"class":95},[31,38237,99],{"class":41},[31,38239,3033],{"class":95},[31,38241,99],{"class":41},[31,38243,5187],{"class":95},[31,38245,99],{"class":41},[31,38247,38248],{"class":95}," 6",[31,38250,59],{"class":41},[31,38252,38253,38255,38257,38260,38262,38265,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38254,1522],{"class":37},[31,38256,89],{"class":88},[31,38258,38259],{"class":133}," filter",[31,38261,137],{"class":41},[31,38263,38264],{"class":1596},"lambda",[31,38266,38268],{"class":38267},"sFwrP"," x",[31,38270,48],{"class":41},[31,38272,4461],{"class":140},[31,38274,6988],{"class":88},[31,38276,3571],{"class":95},[31,38278,6993],{"class":88},[31,38280,4413],{"class":95},[31,38282,99],{"class":41},[31,38284,1527],{"class":140},[31,38286,120],{"class":41},[31,38288,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38290,134],{"class":133},[31,38292,137],{"class":41},[31,38294,8682],{"class":1561},[31,38296,137],{"class":41},[31,38298,1550],{"class":140},[31,38300,5945],{"class":41},[31,38302,38303],{"class":157},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,38305,38306,38308,38309,38311],{},[28,38307,38180],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[28,38310,25381],{}," to see the results.",[72,38313,4255,38315,4258],{"id":38314},"what-filter-does",[28,38316,38180],{},[14,38318,38319,38321],{},[28,38320,38180],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,38323,2683],{},[228,38325,38326,38329,38335],{},[231,38327,38328],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[231,38330,38331,38332,38334],{},"if the test returns ",[28,38333,4181],{},", the item is kept",[231,38336,38331,38337,38339],{},[28,38338,4251],{},", the item is removed",[14,38341,242],{},[21,38343,38345],{"className":23,"code":38344,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,38346,38347,38375,38379,38407],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38348,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38350,85],{"class":37},[31,38352,89],{"class":88},[31,38354,4200],{"class":41},[31,38356,146],{"class":95},[31,38358,99],{"class":41},[31,38360,3571],{"class":95},[31,38362,99],{"class":41},[31,38364,3027],{"class":95},[31,38366,99],{"class":41},[31,38368,3033],{"class":95},[31,38370,99],{"class":41},[31,38372,5187],{"class":95},[31,38374,59],{"class":41},[31,38376,38377],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38378,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,38380,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38382,1522],{"class":37},[31,38384,89],{"class":88},[31,38386,38259],{"class":133},[31,38388,137],{"class":41},[31,38390,38264],{"class":1596},[31,38392,38268],{"class":38267},[31,38394,48],{"class":41},[31,38396,4461],{"class":140},[31,38398,4834],{"class":88},[31,38400,3027],{"class":95},[31,38402,99],{"class":41},[31,38404,1527],{"class":140},[31,38406,120],{"class":41},[31,38408,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,38410,134],{"class":133},[31,38412,137],{"class":41},[31,38414,8682],{"class":1561},[31,38416,137],{"class":41},[31,38418,1550],{"class":140},[31,38420,1569],{"class":41},[14,38422,358],{},[21,38424,38426],{"className":23,"code":38425,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[4, 5]\n",[28,38427,38428],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38429,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38431,42],{"class":41},[31,38433,151],{"class":95},[31,38435,99],{"class":41},[31,38437,5187],{"class":95},[31,38439,59],{"class":41},[14,38441,38442,38443,38445],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[28,38444,173],{}," are kept.",[72,38447,38449],{"id":38448},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38451,2736],{},[21,38453,38455],{"className":23,"code":38454,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[28,38456,38457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38458,38459,38461,38463,38466,38468,38471],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38460,38206],{"class":133},[31,38462,137],{"class":41},[31,38464,38465],{"class":140},"function",[31,38467,99],{"class":41},[31,38469,38470],{"class":140}," iterable",[31,38472,120],{"class":41},[613,38474,38475],{"id":38465},[28,38476,38465],{},[14,38478,38479],{},"This is the test function.",[228,38481,38482,38485],{},[231,38483,38484],{},"It receives one item at a time",[231,38486,38487,38488,3456,38490],{},"It should return ",[28,38489,4181],{},[28,38491,4251],{},[613,38493,38494],{"id":4299},[28,38495,4299],{},[14,38497,38498],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38500,38501],{},"It can be:",[228,38503,38504,38507,38510,38513,38516],{},[231,38505,38506],{},"a list",[231,38508,38509],{},"a tuple",[231,38511,38512],{},"a string",[231,38514,38515],{},"a set",[231,38517,38518],{},"another iterable object",[14,38520,38521],{},"Example with a tuple:",[21,38523,38525],{"className":23,"code":38524,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,38526,38527,38552,38556,38584],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38528,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38530,85],{"class":37},[31,38532,89],{"class":88},[31,38534,92],{"class":41},[31,38536,96],{"class":95},[31,38538,99],{"class":41},[31,38540,38541],{"class":95}," 15",[31,38543,99],{"class":41},[31,38545,102],{"class":95},[31,38547,99],{"class":41},[31,38549,9897],{"class":95},[31,38551,120],{"class":41},[31,38553,38554],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38555,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,38557,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38559,1522],{"class":37},[31,38561,89],{"class":88},[31,38563,38259],{"class":133},[31,38565,137],{"class":41},[31,38567,38264],{"class":1596},[31,38569,38268],{"class":38267},[31,38571,48],{"class":41},[31,38573,4461],{"class":140},[31,38575,5681],{"class":88},[31,38577,102],{"class":95},[31,38579,99],{"class":41},[31,38581,1527],{"class":140},[31,38583,120],{"class":41},[31,38585,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,38587,134],{"class":133},[31,38589,137],{"class":41},[31,38591,8682],{"class":1561},[31,38593,137],{"class":41},[31,38595,1550],{"class":140},[31,38597,1569],{"class":41},[14,38599,358],{},[21,38601,38603],{"className":23,"code":38602,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[20, 25]\n",[28,38604,38605],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38606,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38608,42],{"class":41},[31,38610,580],{"class":95},[31,38612,99],{"class":41},[31,38614,9897],{"class":95},[31,38616,59],{"class":41},[14,38618,38619,38620,70],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[264,38621,5719],{"href":6171},[72,38623,38625],{"id":38624},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38627,38628,38629,22574,38631,70],{},"In Python 3, ",[28,38630,38180],{},[67,38632,38633],{},"filter object",[14,38635,38636],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[228,38638,38639,38642,38647],{},[231,38640,38641],{},"loop through it",[231,38643,38644,38645],{},"convert it with ",[28,38646,25381],{},[231,38648,38644,38649],{},[28,38650,38651],{},"tuple()",[14,38653,242],{},[21,38655,38657],{"className":23,"code":38656,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,38658,38659,38701,38705,38715,38729],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38660,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38662,1522],{"class":37},[31,38664,89],{"class":88},[31,38666,38259],{"class":133},[31,38668,137],{"class":41},[31,38670,38264],{"class":1596},[31,38672,38268],{"class":38267},[31,38674,48],{"class":41},[31,38676,4461],{"class":140},[31,38678,4834],{"class":88},[31,38680,3571],{"class":95},[31,38682,99],{"class":41},[31,38684,4200],{"class":41},[31,38686,146],{"class":95},[31,38688,99],{"class":41},[31,38690,3571],{"class":95},[31,38692,99],{"class":41},[31,38694,3027],{"class":95},[31,38696,99],{"class":41},[31,38698,3033],{"class":95},[31,38700,566],{"class":41},[31,38702,38703],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38704,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,38706,38707,38709,38711,38713],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38708,134],{"class":133},[31,38710,137],{"class":41},[31,38712,1550],{"class":140},[31,38714,120],{"class":41},[31,38716,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,38718,134],{"class":133},[31,38720,137],{"class":41},[31,38722,1562],{"class":1561},[31,38724,137],{"class":41},[31,38726,1550],{"class":140},[31,38728,1569],{"class":41},[31,38730,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,38732,134],{"class":133},[31,38734,137],{"class":41},[31,38736,8682],{"class":1561},[31,38738,137],{"class":41},[31,38740,1550],{"class":140},[31,38742,1569],{"class":41},[14,38744,358],{},[21,38746,38748],{"className":23,"code":38747,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[28,38749,38750,38764,38778],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38751,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38753,1593],{"class":88},[31,38755,38206],{"class":133},[31,38757,25217],{"class":1561},[31,38759,37968],{"class":37},[31,38761,37975],{"class":35057},[31,38763,1606],{"class":88},[31,38765,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38767,1593],{"class":88},[31,38769,1597],{"class":1596},[31,38771,379],{"class":259},[31,38773,38206],{"class":263},[31,38775,370],{"class":259},[31,38777,1606],{"class":88},[31,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38781,42],{"class":41},[31,38783,173],{"class":95},[31,38785,99],{"class":41},[31,38787,3033],{"class":95},[31,38789,59],{"class":41},[14,38791,38792],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[613,38794,38796],{"id":38795},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38798,38799],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[21,38801,38803],{"className":23,"code":38802,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,38804,38805,38847,38851,38865],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38808,1522],{"class":37},[31,38810,89],{"class":88},[31,38812,38259],{"class":133},[31,38814,137],{"class":41},[31,38816,38264],{"class":1596},[31,38818,38268],{"class":38267},[31,38820,48],{"class":41},[31,38822,4461],{"class":140},[31,38824,4834],{"class":88},[31,38826,3571],{"class":95},[31,38828,99],{"class":41},[31,38830,4200],{"class":41},[31,38832,146],{"class":95},[31,38834,99],{"class":41},[31,38836,3571],{"class":95},[31,38838,99],{"class":41},[31,38840,3027],{"class":95},[31,38842,99],{"class":41},[31,38844,3033],{"class":95},[31,38846,566],{"class":41},[31,38848,38849],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38850,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,38852,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38854,134],{"class":133},[31,38856,137],{"class":41},[31,38858,8682],{"class":1561},[31,38860,137],{"class":41},[31,38862,1550],{"class":140},[31,38864,1569],{"class":41},[31,38866,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,38868,134],{"class":133},[31,38870,137],{"class":41},[31,38872,8682],{"class":1561},[31,38874,137],{"class":41},[31,38876,1550],{"class":140},[31,38878,1569],{"class":41},[14,38880,358],{},[21,38882,38884],{"className":23,"code":38883,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[28,38885,38886,38898],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38887,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38889,42],{"class":41},[31,38891,173],{"class":95},[31,38893,99],{"class":41},[31,38895,3033],{"class":95},[31,38897,59],{"class":41},[31,38899,38900],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38901,38902],{"class":41},"[]\n",[14,38904,38905],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[72,38907,9007,38909,9295,38911],{"id":38908},"using-filter-with-lambda",[28,38910,38180],{},[28,38912,38264],{},[14,38914,15786,38915,38917],{},[28,38916,38264],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38919,38920],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[21,38922,38924],{"className":23,"code":38923,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,38925,38926,38968,38972,39010],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,38927,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38964,38966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,38929,4651],{"class":37},[31,38931,89],{"class":88},[31,38933,4200],{"class":41},[31,38935,260],{"class":259},[31,38937,4660],{"class":263},[31,38939,260],{"class":259},[31,38941,99],{"class":41},[31,38943,271],{"class":259},[31,38945,38946],{"class":263},"kiwi",[31,38948,260],{"class":259},[31,38950,99],{"class":41},[31,38952,271],{"class":259},[31,38954,4669],{"class":263},[31,38956,260],{"class":259},[31,38958,99],{"class":41},[31,38960,271],{"class":259},[31,38962,38963],{"class":263},"fig",[31,38965,260],{"class":259},[31,38967,59],{"class":41},[31,38969,38970],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,38971,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,38973,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38987,38989,38992,38994,38997,38999,39002,39004,39006,39008],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,38975,1522],{"class":37},[31,38977,89],{"class":88},[31,38979,38259],{"class":133},[31,38981,137],{"class":41},[31,38983,38264],{"class":1596},[31,38985,38986],{"class":38267}," word",[31,38988,48],{"class":41},[31,38990,38991],{"class":133}," len",[31,38993,137],{"class":41},[31,38995,38996],{"class":140},"word",[31,38998,4238],{"class":41},[31,39000,39001],{"class":88}," >",[31,39003,3033],{"class":95},[31,39005,99],{"class":41},[31,39007,6752],{"class":140},[31,39009,120],{"class":41},[31,39011,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,39013,134],{"class":133},[31,39015,137],{"class":41},[31,39017,8682],{"class":1561},[31,39019,137],{"class":41},[31,39021,1550],{"class":140},[31,39023,1569],{"class":41},[14,39025,358],{},[21,39027,39029],{"className":23,"code":39028,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[28,39030,39031],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39032,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39034,42],{"class":41},[31,39036,370],{"class":259},[31,39038,4660],{"class":263},[31,39040,370],{"class":259},[31,39042,99],{"class":41},[31,39044,379],{"class":259},[31,39046,4669],{"class":263},[31,39048,370],{"class":259},[31,39050,59],{"class":41},[14,39052,39053],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,39055,39056,39057,70],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[264,39058,39060],{"href":39059},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[72,39062,9007,39064,39066],{"id":39063},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[28,39065,38180],{}," with a named function",[14,39068,39069,39070,70],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[28,39071,38264],{},[14,39073,39074],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[228,39076,39077,39080,39083],{},[231,39078,39079],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[231,39081,39082],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[231,39084,39085],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[21,39087,39089],{"className":23,"code":39088,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,39090,39091,39104,39119,39123,39155,39174,39178],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39092,39093,39095,39098,39100,39102],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39094,35456],{"class":1596},[31,39096,39097],{"class":35459}," is_even",[31,39099,137],{"class":41},[31,39101,2816],{"class":38267},[31,39103,8931],{"class":41},[31,39105,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39107,35467],{"class":4457},[31,39109,6971],{"class":37},[31,39111,6988],{"class":88},[31,39113,3571],{"class":95},[31,39115,6993],{"class":88},[31,39117,39118],{"class":95}," 0\n",[31,39120,39121],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,39122,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39124,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,39126,85],{"class":37},[31,39128,89],{"class":88},[31,39130,4200],{"class":41},[31,39132,146],{"class":95},[31,39134,99],{"class":41},[31,39136,3571],{"class":95},[31,39138,99],{"class":41},[31,39140,3027],{"class":95},[31,39142,99],{"class":41},[31,39144,3033],{"class":95},[31,39146,99],{"class":41},[31,39148,5187],{"class":95},[31,39150,99],{"class":41},[31,39152,38248],{"class":95},[31,39154,59],{"class":41},[31,39156,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39168,39170,39172],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,39158,1522],{"class":37},[31,39160,89],{"class":88},[31,39162,38259],{"class":133},[31,39164,137],{"class":41},[31,39166,39167],{"class":140},"is_even",[31,39169,99],{"class":41},[31,39171,1527],{"class":140},[31,39173,120],{"class":41},[31,39175,39176],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,39177,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39179,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,39181,134],{"class":133},[31,39183,137],{"class":41},[31,39185,8682],{"class":1561},[31,39187,137],{"class":41},[31,39189,1550],{"class":140},[31,39191,1569],{"class":41},[14,39193,358],{},[21,39195,39197],{"className":23,"code":39196,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[28,39198,39199],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39200,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39202,42],{"class":41},[31,39204,193],{"class":95},[31,39206,99],{"class":41},[31,39208,3033],{"class":95},[31,39210,99],{"class":41},[31,39212,38248],{"class":95},[31,39214,59],{"class":41},[14,39216,21369,39217,2972,39220,39222],{},[28,39218,39219],{},"is_even()",[28,39221,4181],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[72,39224,9007,39226,9295,39228],{"id":39225},"using-none-with-filter",[28,39227,4357],{},[28,39229,38180],{},[14,39231,39232,39233,39235],{},"You can pass ",[28,39234,4357],{}," as the first argument:",[21,39237,39239],{"className":23,"code":39238,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[28,39240,39241],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39242,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39244,38206],{"class":133},[31,39246,137],{"class":41},[31,39248,4357],{"class":4432},[31,39250,99],{"class":41},[31,39252,38470],{"class":140},[31,39254,120],{"class":41},[14,39256,39257,39258,7927],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[67,39259,6181],{},[14,39261,39262],{},"Falsy values include:",[228,39264,39265,39269,39274,39278],{},[231,39266,39267],{},[28,39268,1243],{},[231,39270,39271,39273],{},[28,39272,4352],{}," (empty string)",[231,39275,39276],{},[28,39277,4357],{},[231,39279,39280],{},[28,39281,4251],{},[14,39283,242],{},[21,39285,39287],{"className":23,"code":39286,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,39288,39289,39333,39337,39355],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39290,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39292,8368],{"class":37},[31,39294,89],{"class":88},[31,39296,4200],{"class":41},[31,39298,1243],{"class":95},[31,39300,99],{"class":41},[31,39302,6082],{"class":95},[31,39304,99],{"class":41},[31,39306,6710],{"class":259},[31,39308,99],{"class":41},[31,39310,271],{"class":259},[31,39312,4425],{"class":263},[31,39314,260],{"class":259},[31,39316,99],{"class":41},[31,39318,4433],{"class":4432},[31,39320,99],{"class":41},[31,39322,4496],{"class":4432},[31,39324,99],{"class":41},[31,39326,4487],{"class":4432},[31,39328,99],{"class":41},[31,39330,5187],{"class":95},[31,39332,59],{"class":41},[31,39334,39335],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39336,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39338,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,39340,1522],{"class":37},[31,39342,89],{"class":88},[31,39344,38259],{"class":133},[31,39346,137],{"class":41},[31,39348,4357],{"class":4432},[31,39350,99],{"class":41},[31,39352,620],{"class":140},[31,39354,120],{"class":41},[31,39356,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,39358,134],{"class":133},[31,39360,137],{"class":41},[31,39362,8682],{"class":1561},[31,39364,137],{"class":41},[31,39366,1550],{"class":140},[31,39368,1569],{"class":41},[14,39370,358],{},[21,39372,39374],{"className":23,"code":39373,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[28,39375,39376],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39377,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39379,42],{"class":41},[31,39381,146],{"class":95},[31,39383,99],{"class":41},[31,39385,379],{"class":259},[31,39387,4425],{"class":263},[31,39389,370],{"class":259},[31,39391,99],{"class":41},[31,39393,4496],{"class":4432},[31,39395,99],{"class":41},[31,39397,5187],{"class":95},[31,39399,59],{"class":41},[14,39401,39402],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[72,39404,5544,39406],{"id":39405},"when-to-use-filter",[28,39407,38180],{},[14,39409,2668,39410,39412],{},[28,39411,38180],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,39414,39415],{},"It works well for:",[228,39417,39418,39421,39424],{},[231,39419,39420],{},"simple filtering rules",[231,39422,39423],{},"quick data cleaning",[231,39425,39426],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39428,242],{},[21,39430,39432],{"className":23,"code":39431,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[28,39433,39434,39466,39499,39503],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39435,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39437,85],{"class":37},[31,39439,89],{"class":88},[31,39441,4200],{"class":41},[31,39443,146],{"class":95},[31,39445,99],{"class":41},[31,39447,3571],{"class":95},[31,39449,99],{"class":41},[31,39451,3027],{"class":95},[31,39453,99],{"class":41},[31,39455,3033],{"class":95},[31,39457,99],{"class":41},[31,39459,5187],{"class":95},[31,39461,99],{"class":41},[31,39463,38248],{"class":95},[31,39465,59],{"class":41},[31,39467,39468,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39469,39470],{"class":37},"evens ",[31,39472,89],{"class":88},[31,39474,38259],{"class":133},[31,39476,137],{"class":41},[31,39478,38264],{"class":1596},[31,39480,38268],{"class":38267},[31,39482,48],{"class":41},[31,39484,4461],{"class":140},[31,39486,6988],{"class":88},[31,39488,3571],{"class":95},[31,39490,6993],{"class":88},[31,39492,4413],{"class":95},[31,39494,99],{"class":41},[31,39496,1527],{"class":140},[31,39498,120],{"class":41},[31,39500,39501],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,39502,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39504,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39516],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,39506,134],{"class":133},[31,39508,137],{"class":41},[31,39510,8682],{"class":1561},[31,39512,137],{"class":41},[31,39514,39515],{"class":140},"evens",[31,39517,1569],{"class":41},[14,39519,358],{},[21,39521,39522],{"className":23,"code":39196,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,39523,39524],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39525,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39527,42],{"class":41},[31,39529,193],{"class":95},[31,39531,99],{"class":41},[31,39533,3033],{"class":95},[31,39535,99],{"class":41},[31,39537,38248],{"class":95},[31,39539,59],{"class":41},[14,39541,39542,39543,39545],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[28,39544,6543],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[21,39547,39549],{"className":23,"code":39548,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[28,39550,39551,39583,39591,39595,39607,39623,39638,39642],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39552,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39554,85],{"class":37},[31,39556,89],{"class":88},[31,39558,4200],{"class":41},[31,39560,146],{"class":95},[31,39562,99],{"class":41},[31,39564,3571],{"class":95},[31,39566,99],{"class":41},[31,39568,3027],{"class":95},[31,39570,99],{"class":41},[31,39572,3033],{"class":95},[31,39574,99],{"class":41},[31,39576,5187],{"class":95},[31,39578,99],{"class":41},[31,39580,38248],{"class":95},[31,39582,59],{"class":41},[31,39584,39585,39587,39589],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39586,39470],{"class":37},[31,39588,89],{"class":88},[31,39590,8426],{"class":41},[31,39592,39593],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,39594,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39596,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,39598,6543],{"class":4457},[31,39600,6971],{"class":37},[31,39602,4464],{"class":4457},[31,39604,1527],{"class":37},[31,39606,6978],{"class":41},[31,39608,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,39610,6983],{"class":4457},[31,39612,6971],{"class":37},[31,39614,6988],{"class":88},[31,39616,3571],{"class":95},[31,39618,6993],{"class":88},[31,39620,4413],{"class":95},[31,39622,6978],{"class":41},[31,39624,39625,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,39626,39627],{"class":37},"        evens",[31,39629,70],{"class":41},[31,39631,14150],{"class":140},[31,39633,137],{"class":41},[31,39635,2816],{"class":140},[31,39637,120],{"class":41},[31,39639,39640],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,39641,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39643,39644,39646,39648,39650],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,39645,134],{"class":133},[31,39647,137],{"class":41},[31,39649,39515],{"class":140},[31,39651,120],{"class":41},[14,39653,358],{},[21,39655,39656],{"className":23,"code":39196,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,39657,39658],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39659,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39661,42],{"class":41},[31,39663,193],{"class":95},[31,39665,99],{"class":41},[31,39667,3033],{"class":95},[31,39669,99],{"class":41},[31,39671,38248],{"class":95},[31,39673,59],{"class":41},[14,39675,39676],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[21,39678,39680],{"className":23,"code":39679,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[28,39681,39682,39714,39747,39751],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39683,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39685,85],{"class":37},[31,39687,89],{"class":88},[31,39689,4200],{"class":41},[31,39691,146],{"class":95},[31,39693,99],{"class":41},[31,39695,3571],{"class":95},[31,39697,99],{"class":41},[31,39699,3027],{"class":95},[31,39701,99],{"class":41},[31,39703,3033],{"class":95},[31,39705,99],{"class":41},[31,39707,5187],{"class":95},[31,39709,99],{"class":41},[31,39711,38248],{"class":95},[31,39713,59],{"class":41},[31,39715,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39717,39470],{"class":37},[31,39719,89],{"class":88},[31,39721,4200],{"class":41},[31,39723,2794],{"class":37},[31,39725,6543],{"class":4457},[31,39727,6971],{"class":37},[31,39729,4464],{"class":4457},[31,39731,39732],{"class":37}," numbers ",[31,39734,7584],{"class":4457},[31,39736,6971],{"class":37},[31,39738,6988],{"class":88},[31,39740,3571],{"class":95},[31,39742,6993],{"class":88},[31,39744,4413],{"class":95},[31,39746,59],{"class":41},[31,39748,39749],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,39750,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,39752,39753,39755,39757,39759],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,39754,134],{"class":133},[31,39756,137],{"class":41},[31,39758,39515],{"class":140},[31,39760,120],{"class":41},[14,39762,358],{},[21,39764,39765],{"className":23,"code":39196,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,39766,39767],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39768,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39770,42],{"class":41},[31,39772,193],{"class":95},[31,39774,99],{"class":41},[31,39776,3033],{"class":95},[31,39778,99],{"class":41},[31,39780,38248],{"class":95},[31,39782,59],{"class":41},[14,39784,39785,39786,70],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[264,39787,39789],{"href":39788},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[72,39791,3407],{"id":3406},[14,39793,15331,39794,70],{},[28,39795,38180],{},[613,39797,9043,39799,39801],{"id":39798},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[28,39800,38180],{}," to return a list",[14,39803,39804],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[21,39806,39808],{"className":23,"code":39807,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[28,39809,39810,39852],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39811,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39813,1522],{"class":37},[31,39815,89],{"class":88},[31,39817,38259],{"class":133},[31,39819,137],{"class":41},[31,39821,38264],{"class":1596},[31,39823,38268],{"class":38267},[31,39825,48],{"class":41},[31,39827,4461],{"class":140},[31,39829,4834],{"class":88},[31,39831,3571],{"class":95},[31,39833,99],{"class":41},[31,39835,4200],{"class":41},[31,39837,146],{"class":95},[31,39839,99],{"class":41},[31,39841,3571],{"class":95},[31,39843,99],{"class":41},[31,39845,3027],{"class":95},[31,39847,99],{"class":41},[31,39849,3033],{"class":95},[31,39851,566],{"class":41},[31,39853,39854,39856,39858,39860],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39855,134],{"class":133},[31,39857,137],{"class":41},[31,39859,1550],{"class":140},[31,39861,120],{"class":41},[14,39863,39864],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39866,39867],{},"Fix:",[21,39869,39871],{"className":23,"code":39870,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,39872,39873,39915],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39874,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39876,1522],{"class":37},[31,39878,89],{"class":88},[31,39880,38259],{"class":133},[31,39882,137],{"class":41},[31,39884,38264],{"class":1596},[31,39886,38268],{"class":38267},[31,39888,48],{"class":41},[31,39890,4461],{"class":140},[31,39892,4834],{"class":88},[31,39894,3571],{"class":95},[31,39896,99],{"class":41},[31,39898,4200],{"class":41},[31,39900,146],{"class":95},[31,39902,99],{"class":41},[31,39904,3571],{"class":95},[31,39906,99],{"class":41},[31,39908,3027],{"class":95},[31,39910,99],{"class":41},[31,39912,3033],{"class":95},[31,39914,566],{"class":41},[31,39916,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39918,134],{"class":133},[31,39920,137],{"class":41},[31,39922,8682],{"class":1561},[31,39924,137],{"class":41},[31,39926,1550],{"class":140},[31,39928,1569],{"class":41},[613,39930,39932,39933,3456,39935,39937],{"id":39931},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[28,39934,4181],{},[28,39936,4251],{}," clearly",[14,39939,39940],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39942,39943],{},"Good example:",[21,39945,39947],{"className":23,"code":39946,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[28,39948,39949,39962],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39950,39951,39953,39956,39958,39960],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39952,35456],{"class":1596},[31,39954,39955],{"class":35459}," is_positive",[31,39957,137],{"class":41},[31,39959,2816],{"class":38267},[31,39961,8931],{"class":41},[31,39963,39964,39966,39968,39970],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,39965,35467],{"class":4457},[31,39967,6971],{"class":37},[31,39969,4834],{"class":88},[31,39971,39118],{"class":95},[14,39973,39974],{},"Then use it with:",[21,39976,39978],{"className":23,"code":39977,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[28,39979,39980,40012],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,39981,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,39983,85],{"class":37},[31,39985,89],{"class":88},[31,39987,4200],{"class":41},[31,39989,212],{"class":88},[31,39991,193],{"class":95},[31,39993,99],{"class":41},[31,39995,2799],{"class":88},[31,39997,146],{"class":95},[31,39999,99],{"class":41},[31,40001,4413],{"class":95},[31,40003,99],{"class":41},[31,40005,6082],{"class":95},[31,40007,99],{"class":41},[31,40009,3571],{"class":95},[31,40011,59],{"class":41},[31,40013,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40029,40031,40033],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40015,134],{"class":133},[31,40017,137],{"class":41},[31,40019,8682],{"class":1561},[31,40021,137],{"class":41},[31,40023,38206],{"class":133},[31,40025,137],{"class":41},[31,40027,40028],{"class":140},"is_positive",[31,40030,99],{"class":41},[31,40032,1527],{"class":140},[31,40034,3490],{"class":41},[14,40036,358],{},[21,40038,40040],{"className":23,"code":40039,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2]\n",[28,40041,40042],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40043,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40045,42],{"class":41},[31,40047,146],{"class":95},[31,40049,99],{"class":41},[31,40051,3571],{"class":95},[31,40053,59],{"class":41},[613,40055,40057],{"id":40056},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,40059,40060],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[21,40062,40063],{"className":23,"code":38802,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,40064,40065,40107,40111,40125],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40066,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40068,1522],{"class":37},[31,40070,89],{"class":88},[31,40072,38259],{"class":133},[31,40074,137],{"class":41},[31,40076,38264],{"class":1596},[31,40078,38268],{"class":38267},[31,40080,48],{"class":41},[31,40082,4461],{"class":140},[31,40084,4834],{"class":88},[31,40086,3571],{"class":95},[31,40088,99],{"class":41},[31,40090,4200],{"class":41},[31,40092,146],{"class":95},[31,40094,99],{"class":41},[31,40096,3571],{"class":95},[31,40098,99],{"class":41},[31,40100,3027],{"class":95},[31,40102,99],{"class":41},[31,40104,3033],{"class":95},[31,40106,566],{"class":41},[31,40108,40109],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40110,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,40112,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,40114,134],{"class":133},[31,40116,137],{"class":41},[31,40118,8682],{"class":1561},[31,40120,137],{"class":41},[31,40122,1550],{"class":140},[31,40124,1569],{"class":41},[31,40126,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135,40137],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,40128,134],{"class":133},[31,40130,137],{"class":41},[31,40132,8682],{"class":1561},[31,40134,137],{"class":41},[31,40136,1550],{"class":140},[31,40138,1569],{"class":41},[14,40140,358],{},[21,40142,40143],{"className":23,"code":38883,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,40144,40145,40157],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40146,40147,40149,40151,40153,40155],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40148,42],{"class":41},[31,40150,173],{"class":95},[31,40152,99],{"class":41},[31,40154,3033],{"class":95},[31,40156,59],{"class":41},[31,40158,40159],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40160,38902],{"class":41},[14,40162,40163],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[21,40165,40167],{"className":23,"code":40166,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[28,40168,40169,40215,40219,40229],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40170,40171,40173,40175,40177,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207,40209,40211,40213],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40172,1522],{"class":37},[31,40174,89],{"class":88},[31,40176,23159],{"class":1561},[31,40178,137],{"class":41},[31,40180,38206],{"class":133},[31,40182,137],{"class":41},[31,40184,38264],{"class":1596},[31,40186,38268],{"class":38267},[31,40188,48],{"class":41},[31,40190,4461],{"class":140},[31,40192,4834],{"class":88},[31,40194,3571],{"class":95},[31,40196,99],{"class":41},[31,40198,4200],{"class":41},[31,40200,146],{"class":95},[31,40202,99],{"class":41},[31,40204,3571],{"class":95},[31,40206,99],{"class":41},[31,40208,3027],{"class":95},[31,40210,99],{"class":41},[31,40212,3033],{"class":95},[31,40214,2399],{"class":41},[31,40216,40217],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40218,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,40220,40221,40223,40225,40227],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,40222,134],{"class":133},[31,40224,137],{"class":41},[31,40226,1550],{"class":140},[31,40228,120],{"class":41},[31,40230,40231,40233,40235,40237],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,40232,134],{"class":133},[31,40234,137],{"class":41},[31,40236,1550],{"class":140},[31,40238,120],{"class":41},[613,40240,40242],{"id":40241},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,40244,40245],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,40247,17241],{},[21,40249,40251],{"className":23,"code":40250,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[28,40252,40253],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40254,40255],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40256,40250],{"class":157},[14,40258,40259,40260,7137],{},"This causes an error because ",[28,40261,96],{},[14,40263,17253],{},[21,40265,40267],{"className":23,"code":40266,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[28,40268,40269],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40270,40271,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40272,134],{"class":133},[31,40274,137],{"class":41},[31,40276,8682],{"class":1561},[31,40278,137],{"class":41},[31,40280,38206],{"class":133},[31,40282,137],{"class":41},[31,40284,38264],{"class":1596},[31,40286,38268],{"class":38267},[31,40288,48],{"class":41},[31,40290,4461],{"class":140},[31,40292,4834],{"class":88},[31,40294,3571],{"class":95},[31,40296,99],{"class":41},[31,40298,4200],{"class":41},[31,40300,146],{"class":95},[31,40302,99],{"class":41},[31,40304,3571],{"class":95},[31,40306,99],{"class":41},[31,40308,3027],{"class":95},[31,40310,99],{"class":41},[31,40312,3033],{"class":95},[31,40314,37869],{"class":41},[613,40316,37808,40318,9295,40320],{"id":40317},"confusing-filter-with-map",[28,40319,38180],{},[28,40321,40322],{},"map()",[228,40324,40325,40330],{},[231,40326,40327,40329],{},[28,40328,38180],{}," keeps or removes items",[231,40331,40332,40334],{},[28,40333,40322],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,40336,40337,40338,48],{},"Example of ",[28,40339,38180],{},[21,40341,40343],{"className":23,"code":40342,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[28,40344,40345,40369],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40346,40347,40349,40351,40353,40355,40357,40359,40361,40363,40365,40367],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40348,85],{"class":37},[31,40350,89],{"class":88},[31,40352,4200],{"class":41},[31,40354,146],{"class":95},[31,40356,99],{"class":41},[31,40358,3571],{"class":95},[31,40360,99],{"class":41},[31,40362,3027],{"class":95},[31,40364,99],{"class":41},[31,40366,3033],{"class":95},[31,40368,59],{"class":41},[31,40370,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40372,134],{"class":133},[31,40374,137],{"class":41},[31,40376,8682],{"class":1561},[31,40378,137],{"class":41},[31,40380,38206],{"class":133},[31,40382,137],{"class":41},[31,40384,38264],{"class":1596},[31,40386,38268],{"class":38267},[31,40388,48],{"class":41},[31,40390,4461],{"class":140},[31,40392,4834],{"class":88},[31,40394,3571],{"class":95},[31,40396,99],{"class":41},[31,40398,1527],{"class":140},[31,40400,3490],{"class":41},[14,40402,358],{},[21,40404,40406],{"className":23,"code":40405,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 4]\n",[28,40407,40408],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40409,40410,40412,40414,40416,40418],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40411,42],{"class":41},[31,40413,173],{"class":95},[31,40415,99],{"class":41},[31,40417,3033],{"class":95},[31,40419,59],{"class":41},[14,40421,40337,40422,48],{},[28,40423,40322],{},[21,40425,40427],{"className":23,"code":40426,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[28,40428,40429,40453],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40447,40449,40451],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40432,85],{"class":37},[31,40434,89],{"class":88},[31,40436,4200],{"class":41},[31,40438,146],{"class":95},[31,40440,99],{"class":41},[31,40442,3571],{"class":95},[31,40444,99],{"class":41},[31,40446,3027],{"class":95},[31,40448,99],{"class":41},[31,40450,3033],{"class":95},[31,40452,59],{"class":41},[31,40454,40455,40457,40459,40461,40463,40466,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476,40479,40481,40483,40485],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40456,134],{"class":133},[31,40458,137],{"class":41},[31,40460,8682],{"class":1561},[31,40462,137],{"class":41},[31,40464,40465],{"class":133},"map",[31,40467,137],{"class":41},[31,40469,38264],{"class":1596},[31,40471,38268],{"class":38267},[31,40473,48],{"class":41},[31,40475,4461],{"class":140},[31,40477,40478],{"class":88},"*",[31,40480,3571],{"class":95},[31,40482,99],{"class":41},[31,40484,1527],{"class":140},[31,40486,3490],{"class":41},[14,40488,358],{},[21,40490,40492],{"className":23,"code":40491,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[28,40493,40494],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40495,40496,40498,40500,40502,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40497,42],{"class":41},[31,40499,193],{"class":95},[31,40501,99],{"class":41},[31,40503,3033],{"class":95},[31,40505,99],{"class":41},[31,40507,38248],{"class":95},[31,40509,99],{"class":41},[31,40511,6944],{"class":95},[31,40513,59],{"class":41},[14,40515,40516,40517,70],{},"For the related function, see ",[264,40518,4152,40520,4085],{"href":40519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[28,40521,40322],{},[72,40523,2435],{"id":2434},[613,40525,13299,40527,40529],{"id":40526},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[28,40528,38180],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40531,40532,40533,40535],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[28,40534,25381],{}," if needed.",[613,40537,40539,40540,40542],{"id":40538},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[28,40541,38180],{}," need to return?",[14,40544,38487,40545,40547,40548,40550],{},[28,40546,4181],{}," to keep an item and ",[28,40549,4251],{}," to remove it.",[613,40552,28930,40554,40556],{"id":40553},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[28,40555,38180],{}," without lambda?",[14,40558,40559],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[613,40561,2453,40563,2456],{"id":40562},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[28,40564,40565],{},"filter(None, items)",[14,40567,40568,40569,40571,40572,17670,40574,70],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[28,40570,1243],{},", empty strings, ",[28,40573,4357],{},[28,40575,4251],{},[613,40577,22019,40579,40581],{"id":40578},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[28,40580,38180],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40583,40584,40585,40587],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[28,40586,6543],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40589,40590],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[228,40592,40593,40599,40605],{},[231,40594,40595,40596,40598],{},"use ",[28,40597,38180],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[231,40600,40601,40602,40604],{},"use a ",[28,40603,6543],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[231,40606,40607],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40609,40610,40611,70],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[264,40612,5715],{"href":40613},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[72,40615,2475],{"id":2474},[228,40617,40618,40623,40627,40632,40638],{},[231,40619,40620],{},[264,40621,40622],{"href":39059},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[231,40624,40625],{},[264,40626,5804],{"href":40613},[231,40628,40629],{},[264,40630,40631],{"href":39788},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[231,40633,40634],{},[264,40635,4152,40636,4085],{"href":40519},[28,40637,40322],{},[231,40639,40640],{},[264,40641,5799],{"href":6171},[2499,40643,40644],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":40646},[40647,40648,40650,40654,40657,40659,40661,40663,40665,40675,40687],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":38314,"depth":123,"text":40649},"What filter() does",{"id":38448,"depth":123,"text":38449,"children":40651},[40652,40653],{"id":38465,"depth":130,"text":38465},{"id":4299,"depth":130,"text":4299},{"id":38624,"depth":123,"text":38625,"children":40655},[40656],{"id":38795,"depth":130,"text":38796},{"id":38908,"depth":123,"text":40658},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":39063,"depth":123,"text":40660},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39225,"depth":123,"text":40662},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39405,"depth":123,"text":40664},"When to use filter()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":40666},[40667,40669,40671,40672,40673],{"id":39798,"depth":130,"text":40668},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39931,"depth":130,"text":40670},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":40056,"depth":130,"text":40057},{"id":40241,"depth":130,"text":40242},{"id":40317,"depth":130,"text":40674},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":40676},[40677,40679,40681,40683,40685],{"id":40526,"depth":130,"text":40678},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40538,"depth":130,"text":40680},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40553,"depth":130,"text":40682},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40562,"depth":130,"text":40684},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40578,"depth":130,"text":40686},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38172,"description":40688},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40695,"title":40696,"body":40697,"description":42850,"extension":2542,"meta":42851,"navigation":126,"path":42852,"seo":42853,"stem":42854,"__hash__":42855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40698,"toc":42804},[40699,40702,40707,40713,40715,40767,40769,40788,40793,40797,40802,40805,40820,40823,40845,40847,40896,40898,40922,40924,40926,40941,40946,40954,40969,40971,40980,40983,41018,41022,41027,41031,41038,41073,41075,41091,41095,41098,41139,41141,41155,41159,41162,41186,41188,41197,41201,41204,41237,41239,41252,41256,41262,41281,41283,41291,41295,41300,41304,41310,41333,41335,41364,41367,41386,41390,41393,41420,41422,41456,41460,41463,41487,41491,41502,41504,41509,41515,41517,41601,41603,41645,41648,41652,41659,41668,41724,41731,41740,41745,41749,41820,41822,41831,41835,41838,41882,41884,41893,41897,41903,41953,41957,41962,41966,41990,41992,42001,42005,42029,42031,42042,42046,42070,42072,42081,42084,42101,42107,42111,42117,42120,42125,42128,42149,42151,42183,42186,42191,42193,42204,42206,42250,42254,42261,42313,42315,42324,42328,42331,42424,42427,42451,42455,42458,42550,42555,42559,42566,42571,42595,42597,42606,42611,42634,42636,42644,42651,42674,42682,42684,42697,42707,42709,42713,42720,42724,42733,42737,42744,42748,42752,42756,42769,42771,42801],[10,40700,40696],{"id":40701},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40703,9714,40704,40706],{},[28,40705,3462],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40708,40709,40710,40712],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[28,40711,3462],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[72,40714,75],{"id":74},[21,40716,40718],{"className":23,"code":40717,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[28,40719,40720,40734,40753],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40721,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40723,134],{"class":133},[31,40725,137],{"class":41},[31,40727,2769],{"class":1561},[31,40729,137],{"class":41},[31,40731,559],{"class":95},[31,40733,1569],{"class":41},[31,40735,40736,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40749,40751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40737,134],{"class":133},[31,40739,137],{"class":41},[31,40741,2769],{"class":1561},[31,40743,137],{"class":41},[31,40745,260],{"class":259},[31,40747,40748],{"class":263},"3.14",[31,40750,260],{"class":259},[31,40752,1569],{"class":41},[31,40754,40755,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,40756,134],{"class":133},[31,40758,137],{"class":41},[31,40760,2769],{"class":1561},[31,40762,137],{"class":41},[31,40764,4181],{"class":4432},[31,40766,1569],{"class":41},[14,40768,358],{},[21,40770,40772],{"className":23,"code":40771,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[28,40773,40774,40778,40783],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40775,40776],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40777,3056],{"class":95},[31,40779,40780],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40781,40782],{"class":95},"3.14\n",[31,40784,40785],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,40786,40787],{"class":95},"1.0\n",[14,40789,2668,40790,40792],{},[28,40791,3462],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[72,40794,40796],{"id":40795},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40798,40799,40801],{},[28,40800,3462],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40803,40804],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[228,40806,40807,40811,40815],{},[231,40808,40809],{},[28,40810,3068],{},[231,40812,40813],{},[28,40814,40748],{},[231,40816,40817],{},[28,40818,40819],{},"0.5",[14,40821,40822],{},"A few key points:",[228,40824,40825,40832,40835,40838],{},[231,40826,40827,40829,40830],{},[28,40828,3462],{}," returns a value of type ",[28,40831,2769],{},[231,40833,40834],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[231,40836,40837],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[231,40839,40840,40841],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[264,40842,40843],{"href":8808},[28,40844,3536],{},[14,40846,242],{},[21,40848,40850],{"className":23,"code":40849,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[28,40851,40852,40872,40882],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40853,40854,40856,40858,40861,40863,40865,40868,40870],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40855,2794],{"class":37},[31,40857,89],{"class":88},[31,40859,40860],{"class":1561}," float",[31,40862,137],{"class":41},[31,40864,260],{"class":259},[31,40866,40867],{"class":263},"2.75",[31,40869,260],{"class":259},[31,40871,120],{"class":41},[31,40873,40874,40876,40878,40880],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40875,134],{"class":133},[31,40877,137],{"class":41},[31,40879,2816],{"class":140},[31,40881,120],{"class":41},[31,40883,40884,40886,40888,40890,40892,40894],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,40885,134],{"class":133},[31,40887,137],{"class":41},[31,40889,1562],{"class":1561},[31,40891,137],{"class":41},[31,40893,2816],{"class":140},[31,40895,1569],{"class":41},[14,40897,358],{},[21,40899,40901],{"className":23,"code":40900,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[28,40902,40903,40908],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40904,40905],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40906,40907],{"class":95},"2.75\n",[31,40909,40910,40912,40914,40916,40918,40920],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,40911,1593],{"class":88},[31,40913,1597],{"class":1596},[31,40915,379],{"class":259},[31,40917,2769],{"class":263},[31,40919,370],{"class":259},[31,40921,1606],{"class":88},[72,40923,2733],{"id":2732},[14,40925,7805],{},[21,40927,40929],{"className":23,"code":40928,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"float(value)\n",[28,40930,40931],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40932,40933,40935,40937,40939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40934,2769],{"class":1561},[31,40936,137],{"class":41},[31,40938,3049],{"class":140},[31,40940,120],{"class":41},[14,40942,40943,40944,70],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[28,40945,3462],{},[14,40947,40948,40949,40951,40952,48],{},"If you call ",[28,40950,3462],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[28,40953,4347],{},[21,40955,40957],{"className":23,"code":40956,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float())\n",[28,40958,40959],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40960,40961,40963,40965,40967],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40962,134],{"class":133},[31,40964,137],{"class":41},[31,40966,2769],{"class":1561},[31,40968,7781],{"class":41},[14,40970,358],{},[21,40972,40974],{"className":23,"code":40973,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0.0\n",[28,40975,40976],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40977,40978],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40979,40973],{"class":95},[14,40981,40982],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[21,40984,40986],{"className":23,"code":40985,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[28,40987,40988,41008],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,40989,40990,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001,41004,41006],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,40991,40992],{"class":37},"price ",[31,40994,89],{"class":88},[31,40996,40860],{"class":1561},[31,40998,137],{"class":41},[31,41000,260],{"class":259},[31,41002,41003],{"class":263},"19.99",[31,41005,260],{"class":259},[31,41007,120],{"class":41},[31,41009,41010,41012,41014,41016],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41011,134],{"class":133},[31,41013,137],{"class":41},[31,41015,25750],{"class":140},[31,41017,120],{"class":41},[72,41019,41021],{"id":41020},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,41023,41024,41026],{},[28,41025,3462],{}," can convert several common value types.",[613,41028,41030],{"id":41029},"integers","Integers",[14,41032,41033,41034,41037],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[28,41035,41036],{},".0"," added:",[21,41039,41041],{"className":23,"code":41040,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[28,41042,41043,41057],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41044,41045,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41046,134],{"class":133},[31,41048,137],{"class":41},[31,41050,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41052,137],{"class":41},[31,41054,559],{"class":95},[31,41056,1569],{"class":41},[31,41058,41059,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41060,134],{"class":133},[31,41062,137],{"class":41},[31,41064,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41066,137],{"class":41},[31,41068,212],{"class":88},[31,41070,193],{"class":95},[31,41072,1569],{"class":41},[14,41074,358],{},[21,41076,41078],{"className":23,"code":41077,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[28,41079,41080,41084],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41081,41082],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41083,3056],{"class":95},[31,41085,41086,41088],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41087,212],{"class":88},[31,41089,41090],{"class":95},"2.0\n",[613,41092,41094],{"id":41093},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,41096,41097],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[21,41099,41101],{"className":23,"code":41100,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[28,41102,41103,41121],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41104,41105,41107,41109,41111,41113,41115,41117,41119],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41106,134],{"class":133},[31,41108,137],{"class":41},[31,41110,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41112,137],{"class":41},[31,41114,260],{"class":259},[31,41116,40748],{"class":263},[31,41118,260],{"class":259},[31,41120,1569],{"class":41},[31,41122,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41124,134],{"class":133},[31,41126,137],{"class":41},[31,41128,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41130,137],{"class":41},[31,41132,260],{"class":259},[31,41134,96],{"class":263},[31,41136,260],{"class":259},[31,41138,1569],{"class":41},[14,41140,358],{},[21,41142,41144],{"className":23,"code":41143,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3.14\n10.0\n",[28,41145,41146,41150],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41147,41148],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41149,40782],{"class":95},[31,41151,41152],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41153,41154],{"class":95},"10.0\n",[613,41156,41158],{"id":41157},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,41160,41161],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[21,41163,41165],{"className":23,"code":41164,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[28,41166,41167],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41168,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179,41182,41184],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41170,134],{"class":133},[31,41172,137],{"class":41},[31,41174,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41176,137],{"class":41},[31,41178,260],{"class":259},[31,41180,41181],{"class":263},"  8.5  ",[31,41183,260],{"class":259},[31,41185,1569],{"class":41},[14,41187,358],{},[21,41189,41191],{"className":23,"code":41190,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"8.5\n",[28,41192,41193],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41194,41195],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41196,41190],{"class":95},[613,41198,41200],{"id":41199},"booleans","Booleans",[14,41202,41203],{},"Boolean values also work:",[21,41205,41207],{"className":23,"code":41206,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[28,41208,41209,41223],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41210,41211,41213,41215,41217,41219,41221],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41212,134],{"class":133},[31,41214,137],{"class":41},[31,41216,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41218,137],{"class":41},[31,41220,4181],{"class":4432},[31,41222,1569],{"class":41},[31,41224,41225,41227,41229,41231,41233,41235],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41226,134],{"class":133},[31,41228,137],{"class":41},[31,41230,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41232,137],{"class":41},[31,41234,4251],{"class":4432},[31,41236,1569],{"class":41},[14,41238,358],{},[21,41240,41242],{"className":23,"code":41241,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1.0\n0.0\n",[28,41243,41244,41248],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41245,41246],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41247,40787],{"class":95},[31,41249,41250],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41251,40973],{"class":95},[613,41253,41255],{"id":41254},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,41257,41258,41259,41261],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[28,41260,3462],{}," returns a float version of it:",[21,41263,41265],{"className":23,"code":41264,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(4.2))\n",[28,41266,41267],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41268,41269,41271,41273,41275,41277,41279],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41270,134],{"class":133},[31,41272,137],{"class":41},[31,41274,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41276,137],{"class":41},[31,41278,2937],{"class":95},[31,41280,1569],{"class":41},[14,41282,358],{},[21,41284,41285],{"className":23,"code":2961,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,41286,41287],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41288,41289],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41290,2961],{"class":95},[72,41292,41294],{"id":41293},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,41296,41297,41298,70],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[28,41299,3462],{},[613,41301,41303],{"id":41302},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,41305,41306,41307,48],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[28,41308,41309],{},"ValueError",[21,41311,41313],{"className":23,"code":41312,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[28,41314,41315],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41316,41317,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41331],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41318,134],{"class":133},[31,41320,137],{"class":41},[31,41322,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41324,137],{"class":41},[31,41326,260],{"class":259},[31,41328,4425],{"class":263},[31,41330,260],{"class":259},[31,41332,1569],{"class":41},[14,41334,30283],{},[21,41336,41338],{"className":23,"code":41337,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[28,41339,41340],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41341,41342,41344,41346,41349,41351,41354,41356,41358,41360,41362],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41343,41309],{"class":1561},[31,41345,48],{"class":41},[31,41347,41348],{"class":37}," could ",[31,41350,5213],{"class":88},[31,41352,41353],{"class":37}," convert string to ",[31,41355,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41357,48],{"class":41},[31,41359,379],{"class":259},[31,41361,4425],{"class":263},[31,41363,30302],{"class":259},[14,41365,41366],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[21,41368,41370],{"className":23,"code":41369,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[28,41371,41372],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41373,41374,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41375,134],{"class":133},[31,41377,137],{"class":41},[31,41379,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41381,137],{"class":41},[31,41383,6856],{"class":259},[31,41385,1569],{"class":41},[613,41387,41389],{"id":41388},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,41391,41392],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[21,41394,41396],{"className":23,"code":41395,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[28,41397,41398],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41399,41400,41402,41404,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416,41418],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41401,134],{"class":133},[31,41403,137],{"class":41},[31,41405,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41407,3564],{"class":41},[31,41409,146],{"class":95},[31,41411,99],{"class":41},[31,41413,3571],{"class":95},[31,41415,99],{"class":41},[31,41417,3027],{"class":95},[31,41419,2399],{"class":41},[14,41421,30283],{},[21,41423,41425],{"className":23,"code":41424,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[28,41426,41427],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435,41437,41440,41443,41446,41448,41450,41452,41454],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41430,3583],{"class":1561},[31,41432,48],{"class":41},[31,41434,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41436,7953],{"class":41},[31,41438,41439],{"class":37}," argument must be a string ",[31,41441,41442],{"class":88},"or",[31,41444,41445],{"class":37}," a real number",[31,41447,99],{"class":41},[31,41449,8688],{"class":88},[31,41451,379],{"class":259},[31,41453,8682],{"class":263},[31,41455,30302],{"class":259},[613,41457,41459],{"id":41458},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41461,41462],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[21,41464,41466],{"className":23,"code":41465,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[28,41467,41468],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41469,41470,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480,41483,41485],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41471,134],{"class":133},[31,41473,137],{"class":41},[31,41475,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41477,137],{"class":41},[31,41479,260],{"class":259},[31,41481,41482],{"class":263},"3,14",[31,41484,260],{"class":259},[31,41486,1569],{"class":41},[14,41488,3580,41489,70],{},[28,41490,41309],{},[14,41492,41493,41494,4975,41498,70],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[264,41495,41497],{"href":41496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[264,41499,41501],{"href":41500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[72,41503,18017],{"id":18016},[14,41505,41506,41508],{},[28,41507,3462],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41510,41511,41512,41514],{},"It does ",[67,41513,5213],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41516,242],{},[21,41518,41520],{"className":23,"code":41519,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[28,41521,41522,41535,41549,41553,41563,41573,41587],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41523,41524,41526,41528,41530,41533],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41525,35292],{"class":37},[31,41527,89],{"class":88},[31,41529,271],{"class":259},[31,41531,41532],{"class":263},"6.5",[31,41534,3934],{"class":259},[31,41536,41537,41539,41541,41543,41545,41547],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41538,2794],{"class":37},[31,41540,89],{"class":88},[31,41542,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41544,137],{"class":41},[31,41546,35313],{"class":140},[31,41548,120],{"class":41},[31,41550,41551],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,41552,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,41554,41555,41557,41559,41561],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,41556,134],{"class":133},[31,41558,137],{"class":41},[31,41560,35313],{"class":140},[31,41562,120],{"class":41},[31,41564,41565,41567,41569,41571],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,41566,134],{"class":133},[31,41568,137],{"class":41},[31,41570,2816],{"class":140},[31,41572,120],{"class":41},[31,41574,41575,41577,41579,41581,41583,41585],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,41576,134],{"class":133},[31,41578,137],{"class":41},[31,41580,1562],{"class":1561},[31,41582,137],{"class":41},[31,41584,35313],{"class":140},[31,41586,1569],{"class":41},[31,41588,41589,41591,41593,41595,41597,41599],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,41590,134],{"class":133},[31,41592,137],{"class":41},[31,41594,1562],{"class":1561},[31,41596,137],{"class":41},[31,41598,2816],{"class":140},[31,41600,1569],{"class":41},[14,41602,358],{},[21,41604,41606],{"className":23,"code":41605,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[28,41607,41608,41613,41617,41631],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41609,41610],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41611,41612],{"class":95},"6.5\n",[31,41614,41615],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41616,41612],{"class":95},[31,41618,41619,41621,41623,41625,41627,41629],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,41620,1593],{"class":88},[31,41622,1597],{"class":1596},[31,41624,379],{"class":259},[31,41626,4019],{"class":263},[31,41628,370],{"class":259},[31,41630,1606],{"class":88},[31,41632,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641,41643],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,41634,1593],{"class":88},[31,41636,1597],{"class":1596},[31,41638,379],{"class":259},[31,41640,2769],{"class":263},[31,41642,370],{"class":259},[31,41644,1606],{"class":88},[14,41646,41647],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[72,41649,41651],{"id":41650},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[613,41653,41655,41656,41658],{"id":41654},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[28,41657,3536],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41660,62,41661,41665,41666,70],{},[264,41662,41663,2879],{"href":8808},[28,41664,3536],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[28,41667,3462],{},[21,41669,41671],{"className":23,"code":41670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[28,41672,41673,41692,41706,41710],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41674,41675,41677,41679,41681,41683,41685,41688,41690],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41676,8826],{"class":37},[31,41678,89],{"class":88},[31,41680,8831],{"class":133},[31,41682,137],{"class":41},[31,41684,260],{"class":259},[31,41686,41687],{"class":263},"Enter a price: ",[31,41689,260],{"class":259},[31,41691,120],{"class":41},[31,41693,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702,41704],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41695,40992],{"class":37},[31,41697,89],{"class":88},[31,41699,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41701,137],{"class":41},[31,41703,8855],{"class":140},[31,41705,120],{"class":41},[31,41707,41708],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,41709,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,41711,41712,41714,41716,41718,41720,41722],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,41713,134],{"class":133},[31,41715,137],{"class":41},[31,41717,40992],{"class":140},[31,41719,40478],{"class":88},[31,41721,3571],{"class":95},[31,41723,120],{"class":41},[14,41725,41726,41727,41730],{},"If the user enters ",[28,41728,41729],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[21,41732,41734],{"className":23,"code":41733,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"9.0\n",[28,41735,41736],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41737,41738],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41739,41733],{"class":95},[14,41741,41742,41743,70],{},"For more help with this, see ",[264,41744,9572],{"href":9571},[613,41746,41748],{"id":41747},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[21,41750,41752],{"className":23,"code":41751,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[28,41753,41754,41767,41780,41784,41809],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41755,41756,41758,41760,41762,41765],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41757,3130],{"class":37},[31,41759,89],{"class":88},[31,41761,271],{"class":259},[31,41763,41764],{"class":263},"2.5",[31,41766,3934],{"class":259},[31,41768,41769,41771,41773,41775,41778],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41770,3158],{"class":37},[31,41772,89],{"class":88},[31,41774,271],{"class":259},[31,41776,41777],{"class":263},"1.5",[31,41779,3934],{"class":259},[31,41781,41782],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,41783,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,41785,41786,41789,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799,41801,41803,41805,41807],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,41787,41788],{"class":37},"total ",[31,41790,89],{"class":88},[31,41792,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41794,137],{"class":41},[31,41796,264],{"class":140},[31,41798,4238],{"class":41},[31,41800,3030],{"class":88},[31,41802,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41804,137],{"class":41},[31,41806,274],{"class":140},[31,41808,120],{"class":41},[31,41810,41811,41813,41815,41818],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,41812,134],{"class":133},[31,41814,137],{"class":41},[31,41816,41817],{"class":140},"total",[31,41819,120],{"class":41},[14,41821,358],{},[21,41823,41825],{"className":23,"code":41824,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"4.0\n",[28,41826,41827],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41828,41829],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41830,41824],{"class":95},[613,41832,41834],{"id":41833},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41836,41837],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[21,41839,41841],{"className":23,"code":41840,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,41842,41843,41853,41868,41872],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41844,41845,41848,41850],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41846,41847],{"class":37},"count ",[31,41849,89],{"class":88},[31,41851,41852],{"class":95}," 7\n",[31,41854,41855,41857,41859,41861,41863,41866],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41856,1522],{"class":37},[31,41858,89],{"class":88},[31,41860,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41862,137],{"class":41},[31,41864,41865],{"class":140},"count",[31,41867,120],{"class":41},[31,41869,41870],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,41871,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,41873,41874,41876,41878,41880],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,41875,134],{"class":133},[31,41877,137],{"class":41},[31,41879,1550],{"class":140},[31,41881,120],{"class":41},[14,41883,358],{},[21,41885,41887],{"className":23,"code":41886,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"7.0\n",[28,41888,41889],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41890,41891],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41892,41886],{"class":95},[613,41894,41896],{"id":41895},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41898,41899,41900,41902],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[28,41901,3462],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[21,41904,41906],{"className":23,"code":41905,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[28,41907,41908,41922,41938,41942],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41909,41910,41913,41915,41917,41920],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41911,41912],{"class":37},"temperature_text ",[31,41914,89],{"class":88},[31,41916,271],{"class":259},[31,41918,41919],{"class":263},"21.8",[31,41921,3934],{"class":259},[31,41923,41924,41927,41929,41931,41933,41936],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,41925,41926],{"class":37},"temperature ",[31,41928,89],{"class":88},[31,41930,40860],{"class":1561},[31,41932,137],{"class":41},[31,41934,41935],{"class":140},"temperature_text",[31,41937,120],{"class":41},[31,41939,41940],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,41941,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,41943,41944,41946,41948,41951],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,41945,134],{"class":133},[31,41947,137],{"class":41},[31,41949,41950],{"class":140},"temperature",[31,41952,120],{"class":41},[72,41954,41956],{"id":41955},"special-values","Special values",[14,41958,41959,41961],{},[28,41960,3462],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[613,41963,41965],{"id":41964},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[21,41967,41969],{"className":23,"code":41968,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[28,41970,41971],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41972,41973,41975,41977,41979,41981,41983,41986,41988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,41974,134],{"class":133},[31,41976,137],{"class":41},[31,41978,2769],{"class":1561},[31,41980,137],{"class":41},[31,41982,260],{"class":259},[31,41984,41985],{"class":263},"inf",[31,41987,260],{"class":259},[31,41989,1569],{"class":41},[14,41991,358],{},[21,41993,41995],{"className":23,"code":41994,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"inf\n",[28,41996,41997],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,41998,41999],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42000,41994],{"class":37},[613,42002,42004],{"id":42003},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[21,42006,42008],{"className":23,"code":42007,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[28,42009,42010],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42011,42012,42014,42016,42018,42020,42022,42025,42027],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42013,134],{"class":133},[31,42015,137],{"class":41},[31,42017,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42019,137],{"class":41},[31,42021,260],{"class":259},[31,42023,42024],{"class":263},"-inf",[31,42026,260],{"class":259},[31,42028,1569],{"class":41},[14,42030,358],{},[21,42032,42034],{"className":23,"code":42033,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"-inf\n",[28,42035,42036],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42037,42038,42040],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42039,212],{"class":88},[31,42041,41994],{"class":37},[613,42043,42045],{"id":42044},"not-a-number","Not a number",[21,42047,42049],{"className":23,"code":42048,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[28,42050,42051],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42052,42053,42055,42057,42059,42061,42063,42066,42068],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42054,134],{"class":133},[31,42056,137],{"class":41},[31,42058,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42060,137],{"class":41},[31,42062,260],{"class":259},[31,42064,42065],{"class":263},"nan",[31,42067,260],{"class":259},[31,42069,1569],{"class":41},[14,42071,358],{},[21,42073,42075],{"className":23,"code":42074,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"nan\n",[28,42076,42077],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42078,42079],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42080,42074],{"class":37},[14,42082,42083],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[228,42085,42086,42091,42096],{},[231,42087,42088,42090],{},[28,42089,41985],{}," means positive infinity",[231,42092,42093,42095],{},[28,42094,42024],{}," means negative infinity",[231,42097,42098,42100],{},[28,42099,42065],{}," means “not a number”",[14,42102,42103,42104,42106],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[28,42105,3462],{}," accepts them.",[72,42108,42110],{"id":42109},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,42112,42113,42114,42116],{},"The most common problems with ",[28,42115,3462],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[613,42118,41309],{"id":42119},"valueerror",[14,42121,15786,42122,42124],{},[28,42123,41309],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,42126,42127],{},"Common causes:",[228,42129,42130,42136,42139,42142],{},[231,42131,42132,42133],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[28,42134,42135],{},"\"abc\"",[231,42137,42138],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[231,42140,42141],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[231,42143,5287,42144],{},[264,42145,42146,42148],{"href":8808},[28,42147,3536],{}," returns a string",[14,42150,242],{},[21,42152,42154],{"className":23,"code":42153,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[28,42155,42156,42169],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42157,42158,42160,42162,42164,42167],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42159,3022],{"class":37},[31,42161,89],{"class":88},[31,42163,271],{"class":259},[31,42165,42166],{"class":263},"abc",[31,42168,3934],{"class":259},[31,42170,42171,42173,42175,42177,42179,42181],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,42172,134],{"class":133},[31,42174,137],{"class":41},[31,42176,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42178,137],{"class":41},[31,42180,3049],{"class":140},[31,42182,1569],{"class":41},[613,42184,3583],{"id":42185},"typeerror",[14,42187,15786,42188,42190],{},[28,42189,3583],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,42192,42127],{},[228,42194,42195,42198,42201],{},[231,42196,42197],{},"Passing a list",[231,42199,42200],{},"Passing a dictionary",[231,42202,42203],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,42205,242],{},[21,42207,42209],{"className":23,"code":42208,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[28,42210,42211,42236],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42212,42213,42215,42217,42219,42221,42223,42225,42227,42229,42232,42234],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42214,3022],{"class":37},[31,42216,89],{"class":88},[31,42218,11082],{"class":41},[31,42220,260],{"class":259},[31,42222,25750],{"class":263},[31,42224,260],{"class":259},[31,42226,48],{"class":41},[31,42228,271],{"class":259},[31,42230,42231],{"class":263},"9.99",[31,42233,260],{"class":259},[31,42235,9900],{"class":41},[31,42237,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246,42248],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,42239,134],{"class":133},[31,42241,137],{"class":41},[31,42243,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42245,137],{"class":41},[31,42247,3049],{"class":140},[31,42249,1569],{"class":41},[613,42251,42253],{"id":42252},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,42255,42256,42257,42260],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[28,42258,42259],{},"strip()"," can help:",[21,42262,42264],{"className":23,"code":42263,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[28,42265,42266,42279,42294,42298],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42267,42268,42270,42272,42274,42277],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42269,3022],{"class":37},[31,42271,89],{"class":88},[31,42273,271],{"class":259},[31,42275,42276],{"class":263},"  7.25  ",[31,42278,3934],{"class":259},[31,42280,42281,42284,42286,42288,42290,42292],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,42282,42283],{"class":37},"clean_value ",[31,42285,89],{"class":88},[31,42287,9023],{"class":37},[31,42289,70],{"class":41},[31,42291,9225],{"class":140},[31,42293,1772],{"class":41},[31,42295,42296],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,42297,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,42299,42300,42302,42304,42306,42308,42311],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,42301,134],{"class":133},[31,42303,137],{"class":41},[31,42305,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42307,137],{"class":41},[31,42309,42310],{"class":140},"clean_value",[31,42312,1569],{"class":41},[14,42314,358],{},[21,42316,42318],{"className":23,"code":42317,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"7.25\n",[28,42319,42320],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42321,42322],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42323,42317],{"class":95},[613,42325,42327],{"id":42326},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,42329,42330],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[21,42332,42334],{"className":23,"code":42333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[28,42335,42336,42349,42353,42363,42377,42392,42396,42410],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42337,42338,42340,42342,42344,42347],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42339,3022],{"class":37},[31,42341,89],{"class":88},[31,42343,271],{"class":259},[31,42345,42346],{"class":263}," 3.5 ",[31,42348,3934],{"class":259},[31,42350,42351],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,42352,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,42354,42355,42357,42359,42361],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,42356,134],{"class":133},[31,42358,137],{"class":41},[31,42360,3049],{"class":140},[31,42362,120],{"class":41},[31,42364,42365,42367,42369,42371,42373,42375],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,42366,134],{"class":133},[31,42368,137],{"class":41},[31,42370,1562],{"class":1561},[31,42372,137],{"class":41},[31,42374,3049],{"class":140},[31,42376,1569],{"class":41},[31,42378,42379,42381,42383,42386,42388,42390],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,42380,134],{"class":133},[31,42382,137],{"class":41},[31,42384,42385],{"class":133},"repr",[31,42387,137],{"class":41},[31,42389,3049],{"class":140},[31,42391,1569],{"class":41},[31,42393,42394],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,42395,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,42397,42398,42400,42402,42404,42406,42408],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,42399,42283],{"class":37},[31,42401,89],{"class":88},[31,42403,9023],{"class":37},[31,42405,70],{"class":41},[31,42407,9225],{"class":140},[31,42409,1772],{"class":41},[31,42411,42412,42414,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,42413,134],{"class":133},[31,42415,137],{"class":41},[31,42417,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42419,137],{"class":41},[31,42421,42310],{"class":140},[31,42423,1569],{"class":41},[14,42425,42426],{},"Why this helps:",[228,42428,42429,42435,42440,42446],{},[231,42430,42431,42434],{},[28,42432,42433],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[231,42436,42437,21966],{},[28,42438,42439],{},"print(type(value))",[231,42441,42442,42445],{},[28,42443,42444],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[231,42447,42448,42450],{},[28,42449,42259],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[613,42452,42454],{"id":42453},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42456,42457],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[21,42459,42461],{"className":23,"code":42460,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[28,42462,42463,42482,42486,42492,42507,42526,42535],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42464,42465,42467,42469,42471,42473,42475,42478,42480],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42466,3022],{"class":37},[31,42468,89],{"class":88},[31,42470,8831],{"class":133},[31,42472,137],{"class":41},[31,42474,260],{"class":259},[31,42476,42477],{"class":263},"Enter a number: ",[31,42479,260],{"class":259},[31,42481,120],{"class":41},[31,42483,42484],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,42485,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,42487,42488,42490],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,42489,30406],{"class":4457},[31,42491,6978],{"class":41},[31,42493,42494,42497,42499,42501,42503,42505],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,42495,42496],{"class":37},"    number ",[31,42498,89],{"class":88},[31,42500,40860],{"class":1561},[31,42502,137],{"class":41},[31,42504,3049],{"class":140},[31,42506,120],{"class":41},[31,42508,42509,42511,42513,42515,42518,42520,42522,42524],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,42510,8657],{"class":133},[31,42512,137],{"class":41},[31,42514,260],{"class":259},[31,42516,42517],{"class":263},"Converted:",[31,42519,260],{"class":259},[31,42521,99],{"class":41},[31,42523,2774],{"class":140},[31,42525,120],{"class":41},[31,42527,42528,42530,42533],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,42529,30437],{"class":4457},[31,42531,42532],{"class":1561}," ValueError",[31,42534,6978],{"class":41},[31,42536,42537,42539,42541,42543,42546,42548],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,42538,8657],{"class":133},[31,42540,137],{"class":41},[31,42542,260],{"class":259},[31,42544,42545],{"class":263},"That is not a valid number.",[31,42547,260],{"class":259},[31,42549,120],{"class":41},[14,42551,42552,42553,70],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[264,42554,41501],{"href":41500},[72,42556,42558],{"id":42557},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42560,11182,42561,4975,42563,42565],{},[28,42562,3462],{},[28,42564,3455],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42567,42568,42570],{},[28,42569,3462],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[21,42572,42574],{"className":23,"code":42573,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[28,42575,42576],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42577,42578,42580,42582,42584,42586,42588,42591,42593],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42579,134],{"class":133},[31,42581,137],{"class":41},[31,42583,2769],{"class":1561},[31,42585,137],{"class":41},[31,42587,260],{"class":259},[31,42589,42590],{"class":263},"3.9",[31,42592,260],{"class":259},[31,42594,1569],{"class":41},[14,42596,358],{},[21,42598,42600],{"className":23,"code":42599,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3.9\n",[28,42601,42602],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42603,42604],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42605,42599],{"class":95},[14,42607,42608,42610],{},[28,42609,3455],{}," creates whole numbers:",[21,42612,42614],{"className":23,"code":42613,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[28,42615,42616],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42617,42618,42620,42622,42624,42626,42628,42630,42632],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42619,134],{"class":133},[31,42621,137],{"class":41},[31,42623,2765],{"class":1561},[31,42625,137],{"class":41},[31,42627,260],{"class":259},[31,42629,96],{"class":263},[31,42631,260],{"class":259},[31,42633,1569],{"class":41},[14,42635,358],{},[21,42637,42638],{"className":23,"code":2951,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,42639,42640],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42641,42642],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42643,2951],{"class":95},[14,42645,42646,42647,42650],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[28,42648,42649],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[21,42652,42654],{"className":23,"code":42653,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[28,42655,42656],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42657,42658,42660,42662,42664,42666,42668,42670,42672],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42659,134],{"class":133},[31,42661,137],{"class":41},[31,42663,2765],{"class":1561},[31,42665,137],{"class":41},[31,42667,260],{"class":259},[31,42669,42590],{"class":263},[31,42671,260],{"class":259},[31,42673,1569],{"class":41},[14,42675,3580,42676,9192,42678,42681],{},[28,42677,41309],{},[28,42679,42680],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42683,11305],{},[228,42685,42686,42692],{},[231,42687,42688,42691],{},[28,42689,42690],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[231,42693,42694,42696],{},[28,42695,42649],{}," fails",[14,42698,42699,42700,42703,42704,42706],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[264,42701,42702],{"href":3452},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[264,42705,2995],{"href":2994}," helpful.",[72,42708,2435],{"id":2434},[613,42710,42712],{"id":42711},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42714,42715,42716,3456,42718,70],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[28,42717,3068],{},[28,42719,40748],{},[613,42721,42723],{"id":42722},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42725,42726,42727,3456,42730,70],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[28,42728,42729],{},"\"2.5\"",[28,42731,42732],{},"\"10\"",[613,42734,42736],{"id":42735},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42738,29663,42739,42741,42742,70],{},[28,42740,42135],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[28,42743,41309],{},[613,42745,42747],{"id":42746},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42749,5730,42750,70],{},[28,42751,4347],{},[613,42753,42755],{"id":42754},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42757,42758,42759,42761,42762,4975,42765,42761,42767,70],{},"Yes. ",[28,42760,4181],{}," becomes ",[28,42763,42764],{},"1.0",[28,42766,4251],{},[28,42768,4347],{},[72,42770,2475],{"id":2474},[228,42772,42773,42777,42783,42788,42792,42796],{},[231,42774,42775],{},[264,42776,42702],{"href":3452},[231,42778,42779],{},[264,42780,42782],{"href":42781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[231,42784,42785],{},[264,42786,42787],{"href":41496},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[231,42789,42790],{},[264,42791,9649],{"href":9571},[231,42793,42794],{},[264,42795,41501],{"href":41500},[231,42797,42798],{},[264,42799,42800],{"href":8808},"Python input() Function Explained",[2499,42802,42803],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":42805},[42806,42807,42808,42809,42816,42821,42822,42829,42834,42841,42842,42849],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":40795,"depth":123,"text":40796},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":41020,"depth":123,"text":41021,"children":42810},[42811,42812,42813,42814,42815],{"id":41029,"depth":130,"text":41030},{"id":41093,"depth":130,"text":41094},{"id":41157,"depth":130,"text":41158},{"id":41199,"depth":130,"text":41200},{"id":41254,"depth":130,"text":41255},{"id":41293,"depth":123,"text":41294,"children":42817},[42818,42819,42820],{"id":41302,"depth":130,"text":41303},{"id":41388,"depth":130,"text":41389},{"id":41458,"depth":130,"text":41459},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":41650,"depth":123,"text":41651,"children":42823},[42824,42826,42827,42828],{"id":41654,"depth":130,"text":42825},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41747,"depth":130,"text":41748},{"id":41833,"depth":130,"text":41834},{"id":41895,"depth":130,"text":41896},{"id":41955,"depth":123,"text":41956,"children":42830},[42831,42832,42833],{"id":41964,"depth":130,"text":41965},{"id":42003,"depth":130,"text":42004},{"id":42044,"depth":130,"text":42045},{"id":42109,"depth":123,"text":42110,"children":42835},[42836,42837,42838,42839,42840],{"id":42119,"depth":130,"text":41309},{"id":42185,"depth":130,"text":3583},{"id":42252,"depth":130,"text":42253},{"id":42326,"depth":130,"text":42327},{"id":42453,"depth":130,"text":42454},{"id":42557,"depth":123,"text":42558},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":42843},[42844,42845,42846,42847,42848],{"id":42711,"depth":130,"text":42712},{"id":42722,"depth":130,"text":42723},{"id":42735,"depth":130,"text":42736},{"id":42746,"depth":130,"text":42747},{"id":42754,"depth":130,"text":42755},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40696,"description":42850},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42857,"title":42858,"body":42859,"description":44080,"extension":2542,"meta":44081,"navigation":126,"path":35629,"seo":44082,"stem":44083,"__hash__":44084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42860,"toc":44046},[42861,42864,42869,42872,42874,42913,42927,42931,42936,42939,42956,42959,42969,42984,42987,42989,42992,43008,43011,43014,43034,43038,43049,43052,43056,43060,43074,43109,43113,43124,43159,43162,43164,43172,43205,43221,43223,43233,43254,43265,43267,43272,43275,43289,43291,43310,43313,43326,43329,43333,43337,43351,43354,43372,43375,43390,43394,43399,43413,43419,43421,43478,43480,43513,43516,43532,43536,43543,43547,43552,43555,43566,43570,43575,43590,43599,43604,43623,43626,43638,43640,43645,43655,43658,43687,43692,43701,43705,43710,43713,43717,43722,43724,43754,43757,43764,43769,43774,43778,43781,43789,43792,43870,43873,43895,43897,43901,43904,43908,43914,43977,43981,43989,43993,43996,43998,44023,44043],[10,42862,42858],{"id":42863},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42865,4159,42866,42868],{},[28,42867,35632],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42870,42871],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[72,42873,75],{"id":74},[21,42875,42877],{"className":23,"code":42876,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[28,42878,42879,42889,42899],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42880,42881,42883,42885,42887],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42882,32756],{"class":133},[31,42884,137],{"class":41},[31,42886,2408],{"class":133},[31,42888,120],{"class":41},[31,42890,42891,42893,42895,42897],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,42892,32756],{"class":133},[31,42894,137],{"class":41},[31,42896,4019],{"class":1561},[31,42898,120],{"class":41},[31,42900,42901,42903,42905,42907,42909,42911],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,42902,32756],{"class":133},[31,42904,137],{"class":41},[31,42906,370],{"class":259},[31,42908,35263],{"class":263},[31,42910,370],{"class":259},[31,42912,120],{"class":41},[14,42914,2668,42915,42917,42918,3456,42920,42922,42923,42926],{},[28,42916,35632],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[28,42919,2408],{},[28,42921,4019],{},", or use a string such as ",[28,42924,42925],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[72,42928,42930],{"id":42929},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42932,42933,42935],{},[28,42934,35632],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42937,42938],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[228,42940,42941,42944,42947,42950,42953],{},[231,42942,42943],{},"Functions",[231,42945,42946],{},"Classes",[231,42948,42949],{},"Methods",[231,42951,42952],{},"Modules",[231,42954,42955],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42957,42958],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42960,42961,42962,42968],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[264,42963,42965],{"href":42964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[28,42966,42967],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[21,42970,42972],{"className":23,"code":42971,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(len)\n",[28,42973,42974],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42975,42976,42978,42980,42982],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,42977,32756],{"class":133},[31,42979,137],{"class":41},[31,42981,2408],{"class":133},[31,42983,120],{"class":41},[14,42985,42986],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[72,42988,2733],{"id":2732},[14,42990,42991],{},"The main form is:",[21,42993,42995],{"className":23,"code":42994,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(object)\n",[28,42996,42997],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,42998,42999,43001,43003,43006],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43000,32756],{"class":133},[31,43002,137],{"class":41},[31,43004,43005],{"class":1561},"object",[31,43007,120],{"class":41},[14,43009,43010],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,43012,43013],{},"Common examples include:",[228,43015,43016,43020,43025,43029],{},[231,43017,43018],{},[28,43019,2408],{},[231,43021,43022],{},[28,43023,43024],{},"list.append",[231,43026,43027],{},[28,43028,4019],{},[231,43030,43031],{},[28,43032,43033],{},"open",[14,43035,7762,43036,7765],{},[28,43037,35632],{},[21,43039,43041],{"className":23,"code":43040,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help()\n",[28,43042,43043],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43044,43045,43047],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43046,32756],{"class":133},[31,43048,1772],{"class":41},[14,43050,43051],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[72,43053,43055],{"id":43054},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[613,43057,43059],{"id":43058},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,43061,43062,43063,2766,43065,2766,43067,17670,43070,70],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[28,43064,2408],{},[28,43066,134],{},[28,43068,43069],{},"input",[264,43071,43072],{"href":2875},[28,43073,2878],{},[21,43075,43077],{"className":23,"code":43076,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[28,43078,43079,43089,43099],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43080,43081,43083,43085,43087],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43082,32756],{"class":133},[31,43084,137],{"class":41},[31,43086,134],{"class":133},[31,43088,120],{"class":41},[31,43090,43091,43093,43095,43097],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43092,32756],{"class":133},[31,43094,137],{"class":41},[31,43096,43069],{"class":133},[31,43098,120],{"class":41},[31,43100,43101,43103,43105,43107],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,43102,32756],{"class":133},[31,43104,137],{"class":41},[31,43106,1562],{"class":1561},[31,43108,120],{"class":41},[613,43110,43112],{"id":43111},"data-types","Data types",[14,43114,43115,43116,2766,43118,2766,43120,17670,43122,70],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[28,43117,4019],{},[28,43119,8682],{},[28,43121,9412],{},[28,43123,6871],{},[21,43125,43127],{"className":23,"code":43126,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[28,43128,43129,43139,43149],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43130,43131,43133,43135,43137],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43132,32756],{"class":133},[31,43134,137],{"class":41},[31,43136,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43138,120],{"class":41},[31,43140,43141,43143,43145,43147],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43142,32756],{"class":133},[31,43144,137],{"class":41},[31,43146,8682],{"class":1561},[31,43148,120],{"class":41},[31,43150,43151,43153,43155,43157],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,43152,32756],{"class":133},[31,43154,137],{"class":41},[31,43156,9412],{"class":1561},[31,43158,120],{"class":41},[14,43160,43161],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[613,43163,42949],{"id":35110},[14,43165,43166,43167,4975,43170,70],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[28,43168,43169],{},"str.split",[28,43171,43024],{},[21,43173,43175],{"className":23,"code":43174,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[28,43176,43177,43191],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43178,43179,43181,43183,43185,43187,43189],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43180,32756],{"class":133},[31,43182,137],{"class":41},[31,43184,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43186,70],{"class":41},[31,43188,35073],{"class":25350},[31,43190,120],{"class":41},[31,43192,43193,43195,43197,43199,43201,43203],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43194,32756],{"class":133},[31,43196,137],{"class":41},[31,43198,8682],{"class":1561},[31,43200,70],{"class":41},[31,43202,14150],{"class":25350},[31,43204,120],{"class":41},[14,43206,43207,43208,9295,43210,28915,43215,43217,43218,43220],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[28,43209,35632],{},[264,43211,43213],{"href":43212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[28,43214,34915],{},[28,43216,34915],{}," shows available names, while ",[28,43219,35632],{}," explains one of them.",[613,43222,42952],{"id":35263},[14,43224,43225,43226,2766,43228,17670,43230,70],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[28,43227,19016],{},[28,43229,35795],{},[28,43231,43232],{},"os",[21,43234,43236],{"className":23,"code":43235,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[28,43237,43238,43244],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43239,43240,43242],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43241,35696],{"class":4457},[31,43243,35699],{"class":37},[31,43245,43246,43248,43250,43252],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43247,32756],{"class":133},[31,43249,137],{"class":41},[31,43251,19016],{"class":140},[31,43253,120],{"class":41},[14,43255,43256,43257,43261,43262,70],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[264,43258,43260],{"href":43259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[264,43263,35762],{"href":43264},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[72,43266,35523],{"id":35522},[14,43268,43269,43271],{},[28,43270,35632],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,43273,43274],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[228,43276,43277,43280,43283,43286],{},[231,43278,43279],{},"The function signature",[231,43281,43282],{},"The short description",[231,43284,43285],{},"Parameter names",[231,43287,43288],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,43290,6056],{},[21,43292,43294],{"className":23,"code":43293,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(str.split)\n",[28,43295,43296],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43297,43298,43300,43302,43304,43306,43308],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43299,32756],{"class":133},[31,43301,137],{"class":41},[31,43303,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43305,70],{"class":41},[31,43307,35073],{"class":25350},[31,43309,120],{"class":41},[14,43311,43312],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[228,43314,43315,43318,43321,43323],{},[231,43316,43317],{},"What object this is",[231,43319,43320],{},"What arguments it accepts",[231,43322,22569],{},[231,43324,43325],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,43327,43328],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[72,43330,43332],{"id":43331},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,43334,43335,30476],{},[28,43336,35632],{},[228,43338,43339,43342,43345,43348],{},[231,43340,43341],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[231,43343,43344],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[231,43346,43347],{},"You are exploring a new module",[231,43349,43350],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,43352,43353],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[21,43355,43356],{"className":23,"code":43293,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,43357,43358],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43359,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43361,32756],{"class":133},[31,43363,137],{"class":41},[31,43365,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43367,70],{"class":41},[31,43369,35073],{"class":25350},[31,43371,120],{"class":41},[14,43373,43374],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[21,43376,43378],{"className":23,"code":43377,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(open)\n",[28,43379,43380],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43381,43382,43384,43386,43388],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43383,32756],{"class":133},[31,43385,137],{"class":41},[31,43387,43033],{"class":133},[31,43389,120],{"class":41},[72,43391,43393],{"id":43392},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,43395,43396,43398],{},[28,43397,35632],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[228,43400,43401,43404,43407,43410],{},[231,43402,43403],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[231,43405,43406],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[231,43408,43409],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[231,43411,43412],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,43414,43415,43416,43418],{},"So, ",[28,43417,35632],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,43420,6056],{},[21,43422,43424],{"className":23,"code":43423,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[28,43425,43426,43439,43463,43467],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43427,43428,43430,43432,43434,43437],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43429,35292],{"class":37},[31,43431,89],{"class":88},[31,43433,271],{"class":259},[31,43435,43436],{"class":263},"a,b,c",[31,43438,3934],{"class":259},[31,43440,43441,43444,43446,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43442,43443],{"class":37},"parts ",[31,43445,89],{"class":88},[31,43447,43448],{"class":37}," text",[31,43450,70],{"class":41},[31,43452,35073],{"class":140},[31,43454,137],{"class":41},[31,43456,260],{"class":259},[31,43458,99],{"class":263},[31,43460,260],{"class":259},[31,43462,120],{"class":41},[31,43464,43465],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,43466,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,43468,43469,43471,43473,43476],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,43470,134],{"class":133},[31,43472,137],{"class":41},[31,43474,43475],{"class":140},"parts",[31,43477,120],{"class":41},[14,43479,6144],{},[21,43481,43483],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[28,43484,43485],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43486,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43488,42],{"class":41},[31,43490,370],{"class":259},[31,43492,264],{"class":263},[31,43494,370],{"class":259},[31,43496,99],{"class":41},[31,43498,379],{"class":259},[31,43500,274],{"class":263},[31,43502,370],{"class":259},[31,43504,99],{"class":41},[31,43506,379],{"class":259},[31,43508,283],{"class":263},[31,43510,370],{"class":259},[31,43512,59],{"class":41},[14,43514,43515],{},"A good workflow is:",[29315,43517,43518,43523,43526,43529],{},[231,43519,2668,43520,43522],{},[28,43521,35632],{}," to inspect something",[231,43524,43525],{},"Write a tiny example",[231,43527,43528],{},"Check the result",[231,43530,43531],{},"Repeat",[72,43533,43535],{"id":43534},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43537,43538,4975,43540,43542],{},[28,43539,35632],{},[28,43541,34915],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[613,43544,43545],{"id":32756},[28,43546,35632],{},[14,43548,2668,43549,43551],{},[28,43550,35632],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43553,43554],{},"It tells you:",[228,43556,43557,43560,43563],{},[231,43558,43559],{},"What something is",[231,43561,43562],{},"How to use it",[231,43564,43565],{},"What parameters it accepts",[613,43567,43568],{"id":34976},[28,43569,34915],{},[14,43571,2668,43572,43574],{},[28,43573,34915],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[21,43576,43578],{"className":23,"code":43577,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dir(str)\n",[28,43579,43580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43581,43582,43584,43586,43588],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43583,34976],{"class":133},[31,43585,137],{"class":41},[31,43587,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43589,120],{"class":41},[14,43591,43592,43593,2766,43595,17670,43597,70],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[28,43594,35073],{},[28,43596,9225],{},[28,43598,9231],{},[14,43600,43601,43602,48],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[28,43603,35632],{},[21,43605,43607],{"className":23,"code":43606,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(str.lower)\n",[28,43608,43609],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43610,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43612,32756],{"class":133},[31,43614,137],{"class":41},[31,43616,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43618,70],{"class":41},[31,43620,9231],{"class":25350},[31,43622,120],{"class":41},[14,43624,43625],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[228,43627,43628,43633],{},[231,43629,2668,43630,43632],{},[28,43631,34915],{}," to discover options",[231,43634,2668,43635,43637],{},[28,43636,35632],{}," to understand one option",[72,43639,3407],{"id":3406},[14,43641,43642,43643,70],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[28,43644,35632],{},[613,43646,9007,43648,43651,43652],{"id":43647},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[28,43649,43650],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[28,43653,43654],{},"help(len)",[14,43656,43657],{},"These are not always the same.",[21,43659,43661],{"className":23,"code":43660,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[28,43662,43663,43673],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43664,43665,43667,43669,43671],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43666,32756],{"class":133},[31,43668,137],{"class":41},[31,43670,2408],{"class":133},[31,43672,120],{"class":41},[31,43674,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43676,32756],{"class":133},[31,43678,137],{"class":41},[31,43680,370],{"class":259},[31,43682,2408],{"class":263},[31,43684,370],{"class":259},[31,43686,120],{"class":41},[14,43688,43689,43691],{},[28,43690,43654],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43693,43694,43696,43697,43700],{},[28,43695,43650],{}," treats ",[28,43698,43699],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[613,43702,43704],{"id":43703},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43706,43707,43709],{},[28,43708,35632],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43711,43712],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[613,43714,43716],{"id":43715},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43718,40948,43719,43721],{},[28,43720,35632],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43723,242],{},[21,43725,43727],{"className":23,"code":43726,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[28,43728,43729,43739],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43730,43731,43733,43735,43737],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43732,32756],{"class":133},[31,43734,137],{"class":41},[31,43736,2408],{"class":133},[31,43738,120],{"class":41},[31,43740,43741,43743,43745,43747,43750,43752],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43742,134],{"class":133},[31,43744,137],{"class":41},[31,43746,260],{"class":259},[31,43748,43749],{"class":263},"Done",[31,43751,260],{"class":259},[31,43753,120],{"class":41},[14,43755,43756],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[613,43758,37808,43760,9295,43762],{"id":43759},"confusing-help-with-dir",[28,43761,35632],{},[28,43763,34915],{},[14,43765,43766,43767,70],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[28,43768,34915],{},[14,43770,43771,43772,70],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[28,43773,35632],{},[72,43775,43777],{"id":43776},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43779,43780],{},"Open Python:",[21,43782,43783],{"className":23,"code":36148,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,43784,43785],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43786,43787],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43788,36148],{"class":37},[14,43790,43791],{},"Then test these commands:",[21,43793,43795],{"className":23,"code":43794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[28,43796,43797,43807,43821,43835,43845,43860],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43798,43799,43801,43803,43805],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43800,32756],{"class":133},[31,43802,137],{"class":41},[31,43804,2408],{"class":133},[31,43806,120],{"class":41},[31,43808,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43810,32756],{"class":133},[31,43812,137],{"class":41},[31,43814,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43816,70],{"class":41},[31,43818,35073],{"class":25350},[31,43820,120],{"class":41},[31,43822,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,43824,32756],{"class":133},[31,43826,137],{"class":41},[31,43828,8682],{"class":1561},[31,43830,70],{"class":41},[31,43832,14150],{"class":25350},[31,43834,120],{"class":41},[31,43836,43837,43839,43841,43843],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,43838,32756],{"class":133},[31,43840,137],{"class":41},[31,43842,43033],{"class":133},[31,43844,120],{"class":41},[31,43846,43847,43849,43851,43853,43856,43858],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,43848,32756],{"class":133},[31,43850,137],{"class":41},[31,43852,370],{"class":259},[31,43854,43855],{"class":263},"keywords",[31,43857,370],{"class":259},[31,43859,120],{"class":41},[31,43861,43862,43864,43866,43868],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,43863,34976],{"class":133},[31,43865,137],{"class":41},[31,43867,4019],{"class":1561},[31,43869,120],{"class":41},[14,43871,43872],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[228,43874,43875,43878,43881,43884,43887,43890],{},[231,43876,43877],{},"A built-in function",[231,43879,43880],{},"A string method",[231,43882,43883],{},"A list method",[231,43885,43886],{},"A built-in file function",[231,43888,43889],{},"A special help topic",[231,43891,15786,43892,43894],{},[28,43893,34915],{}," example for comparison",[72,43896,2435],{"id":2434},[613,43898,43900],{"id":43899},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43902,43903],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[613,43905,43907],{"id":43906},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43909,43910,43911,43913],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[28,43912,35632],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[21,43915,43917],{"className":23,"code":43916,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[28,43918,43919,43931,43944,43963,43967],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,43920,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,43922,35456],{"class":1596},[31,43924,35460],{"class":35459},[31,43926,137],{"class":41},[31,43928,8256],{"class":38267},[31,43930,8931],{"class":41},[31,43932,43933,43937,43941],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,43934,43936],{"class":43935},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[31,43938,43940],{"class":43939},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[31,43942,43943],{"class":43935},"\"\"\"\n",[31,43945,43946,43948,43951,43954,43956,43958,43960],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,43947,35467],{"class":4457},[31,43949,43950],{"class":1596}," f",[31,43952,43953],{"class":263},"\"Hello, ",[31,43955,9869],{"class":95},[31,43957,8256],{"class":37},[31,43959,22902],{"class":95},[31,43961,43962],{"class":263},"!\"\n",[31,43964,43965],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,43966,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,43968,43969,43971,43973,43975],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,43970,32756],{"class":133},[31,43972,137],{"class":41},[31,43974,35502],{"class":140},[31,43976,120],{"class":41},[613,43978,43980],{"id":43979},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43982,43983,43985,43986,43988],{},[28,43984,43654],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[28,43987,43650],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[613,43990,43992],{"id":43991},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43994,43995],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[72,43997,2475],{"id":2474},[228,43999,44000,44005,44009,44014,44019],{},[231,44001,44002],{},[264,44003,44004],{"href":43212},"Python dir() function explained",[231,44006,44007],{},[264,44008,9032],{"href":2875},[231,44010,44011],{},[264,44012,44013],{"href":42964},"Python len() function explained",[231,44015,44016],{},[264,44017,44018],{"href":43259},"How import works in Python",[231,44020,44021],{},[264,44022,35762],{"href":43264},[14,44024,44025,44026,44028,44029,2766,44031,17670,44033,44035,44036,3456,44039,44042],{},"Try ",[28,44027,35632],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[28,44030,2408],{},[28,44032,134],{},[28,44034,43069],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[28,44037,44038],{},"dir(str)",[28,44040,44041],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2499,44044,44045],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":44047},[44048,44049,44050,44051,44057,44058,44059,44060,44064,44072,44073,44079],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":42929,"depth":123,"text":42930},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":43054,"depth":123,"text":43055,"children":44052},[44053,44054,44055,44056],{"id":43058,"depth":130,"text":43059},{"id":43111,"depth":130,"text":43112},{"id":35110,"depth":130,"text":42949},{"id":35263,"depth":130,"text":42952},{"id":35522,"depth":123,"text":35523},{"id":43331,"depth":123,"text":43332},{"id":43392,"depth":123,"text":43393},{"id":43534,"depth":123,"text":43535,"children":44061},[44062,44063],{"id":32756,"depth":130,"text":35632},{"id":34976,"depth":130,"text":34915},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":44065},[44066,44068,44069,44070],{"id":43647,"depth":130,"text":44067},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43703,"depth":130,"text":43704},{"id":43715,"depth":130,"text":43716},{"id":43759,"depth":130,"text":44071},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43776,"depth":123,"text":43777},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":44074},[44075,44076,44077,44078],{"id":43899,"depth":130,"text":43900},{"id":43906,"depth":130,"text":43907},{"id":43979,"depth":130,"text":43980},{"id":43991,"depth":130,"text":43992},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42858,"description":44080},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44086,"title":44087,"body":44088,"description":45450,"extension":2542,"meta":45451,"navigation":126,"path":45452,"seo":45453,"stem":45454,"__hash__":45455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44089,"toc":45423},[44090,44096,44101,44107,44117,44176,44186,44197,44202,44208,44210,44228,44236,44238,44240,44255,44258,44269,44271,44362,44365,44369,44374,44395,44397,44508,44510,44537,44548,44552,44555,44638,44640,44648,44654,44660,44664,44667,44777,44779,44792,44795,44809,44817,44824,44829,44843,44849,44962,44964,45025,45028,45034,45040,45043,45065,45068,45138,45141,45173,45180,45182,45185,45203,45206,45218,45224,45226,45231,45257,45260,45332,45334,45340,45343,45349,45352,45358,45368,45374,45377,45384,45387,45389,45420],[10,44091,4152,44093,4156],{"id":44092},"python-id-function-explained",[28,44094,44095],{},"id()",[14,44097,32921,44098,44100],{},[28,44099,44095],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,44102,44103,44104,44106],{},"Beginners usually see ",[28,44105,44095],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,44108,2668,44109,44111,44112,44114,44115,70],{},[28,44110,44095],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[67,44113,5213],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[28,44116,5271],{},[21,44118,44120],{"className":23,"code":44119,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[28,44121,44122,44134,44148,44152,44162],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44123,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44125,8464],{"class":37},[31,44127,89],{"class":88},[31,44129,271],{"class":259},[31,44131,7884],{"class":263},[31,44133,3934],{"class":259},[31,44135,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44137,134],{"class":133},[31,44139,137],{"class":41},[31,44141,13244],{"class":133},[31,44143,137],{"class":41},[31,44145,8256],{"class":140},[31,44147,1569],{"class":41},[31,44149,44150],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,44151,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44153,44154,44157,44159],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,44155,44156],{"class":37},"other ",[31,44158,89],{"class":88},[31,44160,44161],{"class":37}," name\n",[31,44163,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,44165,134],{"class":133},[31,44167,137],{"class":41},[31,44169,13244],{"class":133},[31,44171,137],{"class":41},[31,44173,31346],{"class":140},[31,44175,1569],{"class":41},[14,44177,44178,44179,44182,44183,44185],{},"In this example, ",[28,44180,44181],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[28,44184,44095],{}," values match.",[44187,44188,44189],"blockquote",{},[14,44190,2668,44191,44193,44194,44196],{},[28,44192,44095],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[28,44195,5271],{}," for value comparison.",[72,44198,4255,44200,4258],{"id":44199},"what-id-does",[28,44201,44095],{},[14,44203,44204,44207],{},[28,44205,44206],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,44209,13648],{},[228,44211,44212,44215,44222,44225],{},[231,44213,44214],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[231,44216,44217,44218,44221],{},"It shows ",[67,44219,44220],{},"object identity",", not object value",[231,44223,44224],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[231,44226,44227],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,44229,44230,44231,44235],{},"This is closely related to how ",[264,44232,44234],{"href":44233},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[72,44237,2733],{"id":2732},[14,44239,6018],{},[21,44241,44243],{"className":23,"code":44242,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"id(object)\n",[28,44244,44245],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44246,44247,44249,44251,44253],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44248,13244],{"class":133},[31,44250,137],{"class":41},[31,44252,43005],{"class":1561},[31,44254,120],{"class":41},[14,44256,44257],{},"Important details:",[228,44259,44260,44263,44266],{},[231,44261,44262],{},"It takes one argument",[231,44264,44265],{},"It returns an integer",[231,44267,44268],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,44270,242],{},[21,44272,44274],{"className":23,"code":44273,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[28,44275,44276,44288,44296,44316,44320,44334,44348],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44277,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44279,35292],{"class":37},[31,44281,89],{"class":88},[31,44283,271],{"class":259},[31,44285,4425],{"class":263},[31,44287,3934],{"class":259},[31,44289,44290,44292,44294],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44291,2794],{"class":37},[31,44293,89],{"class":88},[31,44295,3345],{"class":95},[31,44297,44298,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308,44310,44312,44314],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,44299,8368],{"class":37},[31,44301,89],{"class":88},[31,44303,4200],{"class":41},[31,44305,146],{"class":95},[31,44307,99],{"class":41},[31,44309,3571],{"class":95},[31,44311,99],{"class":41},[31,44313,3027],{"class":95},[31,44315,59],{"class":41},[31,44317,44318],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,44319,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44321,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330,44332],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,44323,134],{"class":133},[31,44325,137],{"class":41},[31,44327,13244],{"class":133},[31,44329,137],{"class":41},[31,44331,35313],{"class":140},[31,44333,1569],{"class":41},[31,44335,44336,44338,44340,44342,44344,44346],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,44337,134],{"class":133},[31,44339,137],{"class":41},[31,44341,13244],{"class":133},[31,44343,137],{"class":41},[31,44345,2816],{"class":140},[31,44347,1569],{"class":41},[31,44349,44350,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,44351,134],{"class":133},[31,44353,137],{"class":41},[31,44355,13244],{"class":133},[31,44357,137],{"class":41},[31,44359,8397],{"class":140},[31,44361,1569],{"class":41},[14,44363,44364],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[72,44366,44368],{"id":44367},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,44370,44371,44372,70],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[28,44373,44095],{},[228,44375,44376,44383,44390],{},[231,44377,44378,44380,44381],{},[28,44379,5271],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[67,44382,3049],{},[231,44384,44385,44387,44388],{},[28,44386,12788],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[67,44389,43005],{},[231,44391,44392,44394],{},[28,44393,44095],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,44396,242],{},[21,44398,44400],{"className":23,"code":44399,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[28,44401,44402,44422,44442,44446,44463,44480,44494],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44403,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44405,3130],{"class":37},[31,44407,89],{"class":88},[31,44409,4200],{"class":41},[31,44411,146],{"class":95},[31,44413,99],{"class":41},[31,44415,3571],{"class":95},[31,44417,99],{"class":41},[31,44419,3027],{"class":95},[31,44421,59],{"class":41},[31,44423,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44425,3158],{"class":37},[31,44427,89],{"class":88},[31,44429,4200],{"class":41},[31,44431,146],{"class":95},[31,44433,99],{"class":41},[31,44435,3571],{"class":95},[31,44437,99],{"class":41},[31,44439,3027],{"class":95},[31,44441,59],{"class":41},[31,44443,44444],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,44445,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44447,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44458,44460],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,44449,134],{"class":133},[31,44451,137],{"class":41},[31,44453,3130],{"class":140},[31,44455,5271],{"class":88},[31,44457,3135],{"class":140},[31,44459,4238],{"class":41},[31,44461,44462],{"class":157},"   # True\n",[31,44464,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473,44475,44477],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,44466,134],{"class":133},[31,44468,137],{"class":41},[31,44470,3130],{"class":140},[31,44472,12788],{"class":4457},[31,44474,3135],{"class":140},[31,44476,4238],{"class":41},[31,44478,44479],{"class":157},"   # False\n",[31,44481,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,44483,134],{"class":133},[31,44485,137],{"class":41},[31,44487,13244],{"class":133},[31,44489,137],{"class":41},[31,44491,264],{"class":140},[31,44493,1569],{"class":41},[31,44495,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,44497,134],{"class":133},[31,44499,137],{"class":41},[31,44501,13244],{"class":133},[31,44503,137],{"class":41},[31,44505,274],{"class":140},[31,44507,1569],{"class":41},[14,44509,2755],{},[228,44511,44512,44520,44528],{},[231,44513,44514,5366,44517,44519],{},[28,44515,44516],{},"a == b",[28,44518,4181],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[231,44521,44522,5366,44525,44527],{},[28,44523,44524],{},"a is b",[28,44526,4251],{}," because they are different list objects",[231,44529,44530,4975,44533,44536],{},[28,44531,44532],{},"id(a)",[28,44534,44535],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44538,44539,44540,4975,44544,70],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[264,44541,44543],{"href":44542},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[264,44545,44547],{"href":44546},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[72,44549,44551],{"id":44550},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44553,44554],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[21,44556,44558],{"className":23,"code":44557,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[28,44559,44560,44580,44590,44594,44608,44623],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44561,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44563,85],{"class":37},[31,44565,89],{"class":88},[31,44567,4200],{"class":41},[31,44569,96],{"class":95},[31,44571,99],{"class":41},[31,44573,102],{"class":95},[31,44575,99],{"class":41},[31,44577,107],{"class":95},[31,44579,59],{"class":41},[31,44581,44582,44585,44587],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44583,44584],{"class":37},"other_numbers ",[31,44586,89],{"class":88},[31,44588,44589],{"class":37}," numbers\n",[31,44591,44592],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,44593,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44595,44596,44598,44600,44602,44604,44606],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,44597,134],{"class":133},[31,44599,137],{"class":41},[31,44601,13244],{"class":133},[31,44603,137],{"class":41},[31,44605,141],{"class":140},[31,44607,1569],{"class":41},[31,44609,44610,44612,44614,44616,44618,44621],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,44611,134],{"class":133},[31,44613,137],{"class":41},[31,44615,13244],{"class":133},[31,44617,137],{"class":41},[31,44619,44620],{"class":140},"other_numbers",[31,44622,1569],{"class":41},[31,44624,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633,44636],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,44626,134],{"class":133},[31,44628,137],{"class":41},[31,44630,85],{"class":140},[31,44632,12788],{"class":4457},[31,44634,44635],{"class":140}," other_numbers",[31,44637,120],{"class":41},[14,44639,6144],{},[21,44641,44642],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,44643,44644],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44645,44646],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44647,4560],{"class":4432},[14,44649,44650,44651,44653],{},"The two ",[28,44652,44095],{}," values will also match.",[14,44655,22788,44656,44659],{},[28,44657,44658],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[72,44661,44663],{"id":44662},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44665,44666],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[21,44668,44670],{"className":23,"code":44669,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[28,44671,44672,44693,44714,44718,44733,44747,44762],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44673,44674,44677,44679,44681,44683,44685,44687,44689,44691],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44675,44676],{"class":37},"list_a ",[31,44678,89],{"class":88},[31,44680,4200],{"class":41},[31,44682,146],{"class":95},[31,44684,99],{"class":41},[31,44686,3571],{"class":95},[31,44688,99],{"class":41},[31,44690,3027],{"class":95},[31,44692,59],{"class":41},[31,44694,44695,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706,44708,44710,44712],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44696,44697],{"class":37},"list_b ",[31,44699,89],{"class":88},[31,44701,4200],{"class":41},[31,44703,146],{"class":95},[31,44705,99],{"class":41},[31,44707,3571],{"class":95},[31,44709,99],{"class":41},[31,44711,3027],{"class":95},[31,44713,59],{"class":41},[31,44715,44716],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,44717,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44719,44720,44722,44724,44726,44728,44731],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,44721,134],{"class":133},[31,44723,137],{"class":41},[31,44725,44676],{"class":140},[31,44727,5271],{"class":88},[31,44729,44730],{"class":140}," list_b",[31,44732,120],{"class":41},[31,44734,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743,44745],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,44736,134],{"class":133},[31,44738,137],{"class":41},[31,44740,44676],{"class":140},[31,44742,12788],{"class":4457},[31,44744,44730],{"class":140},[31,44746,120],{"class":41},[31,44748,44749,44751,44753,44755,44757,44760],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,44750,134],{"class":133},[31,44752,137],{"class":41},[31,44754,13244],{"class":133},[31,44756,137],{"class":41},[31,44758,44759],{"class":140},"list_a",[31,44761,1569],{"class":41},[31,44763,44764,44766,44768,44770,44772,44775],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,44765,134],{"class":133},[31,44767,137],{"class":41},[31,44769,13244],{"class":133},[31,44771,137],{"class":41},[31,44773,44774],{"class":140},"list_b",[31,44776,1569],{"class":41},[14,44778,6144],{},[21,44780,44782],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nFalse\n",[28,44783,44784,44788],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44785,44786],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44787,4560],{"class":4432},[31,44789,44790],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44791,4621],{"class":4432},[14,44793,44794],{},"What this means:",[228,44796,44797,44800,44803],{},[231,44798,44799],{},"The lists are equal in value",[231,44801,44802],{},"They are not the same object",[231,44804,44805,44806,44808],{},"Their ",[28,44807,44095],{}," values are usually different",[14,44810,44811,44812,44814,44815,70],{},"This is why ",[28,44813,44095],{}," should not replace ",[28,44816,5271],{},[72,44818,44820,44821,44823],{"id":44819},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[28,44822,44095],{}," is useful",[14,44825,44826,44828],{},[28,44827,44095],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[228,44830,44831,44834,44837,44840],{},[231,44832,44833],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[231,44835,44836],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[231,44838,44839],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[231,44841,44842],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44844,44845,44846,44848],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[28,44847,44095],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[21,44850,44852],{"className":23,"code":44851,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[28,44853,44854,44878,44887,44891,44910,44914,44924,44934,44948],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44855,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864,44866,44868,44870,44872,44874,44876],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44857,12680],{"class":37},[31,44859,89],{"class":88},[31,44861,4200],{"class":41},[31,44863,260],{"class":259},[31,44865,264],{"class":263},[31,44867,260],{"class":259},[31,44869,99],{"class":41},[31,44871,271],{"class":259},[31,44873,274],{"class":263},[31,44875,260],{"class":259},[31,44877,59],{"class":41},[31,44879,44880,44883,44885],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,44881,44882],{"class":37},"copy_ref ",[31,44884,89],{"class":88},[31,44886,12718],{"class":37},[31,44888,44889],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,44890,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44892,44893,44896,44898,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,44894,44895],{"class":37},"copy_ref",[31,44897,70],{"class":41},[31,44899,14150],{"class":140},[31,44901,137],{"class":41},[31,44903,260],{"class":259},[31,44905,283],{"class":263},[31,44907,260],{"class":259},[31,44909,120],{"class":41},[31,44911,44912],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,44913,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,44915,44916,44918,44920,44922],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,44917,134],{"class":133},[31,44919,137],{"class":41},[31,44921,12727],{"class":140},[31,44923,120],{"class":41},[31,44925,44926,44928,44930,44932],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,44927,134],{"class":133},[31,44929,137],{"class":41},[31,44931,44895],{"class":140},[31,44933,120],{"class":41},[31,44935,44936,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,44937,134],{"class":133},[31,44939,137],{"class":41},[31,44941,13244],{"class":133},[31,44943,137],{"class":41},[31,44945,12727],{"class":140},[31,44947,1569],{"class":41},[31,44949,44950,44952,44954,44956,44958,44960],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,44951,134],{"class":133},[31,44953,137],{"class":41},[31,44955,13244],{"class":133},[31,44957,137],{"class":41},[31,44959,44895],{"class":140},[31,44961,1569],{"class":41},[14,44963,6144],{},[21,44965,44967],{"className":23,"code":44966,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[28,44968,44969,44997],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,44970,44971,44973,44975,44977,44979,44981,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993,44995],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,44972,42],{"class":41},[31,44974,370],{"class":259},[31,44976,264],{"class":263},[31,44978,370],{"class":259},[31,44980,99],{"class":41},[31,44982,379],{"class":259},[31,44984,274],{"class":263},[31,44986,370],{"class":259},[31,44988,99],{"class":41},[31,44990,379],{"class":259},[31,44992,283],{"class":263},[31,44994,370],{"class":259},[31,44996,59],{"class":41},[31,44998,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011,45013,45015,45017,45019,45021,45023],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45000,42],{"class":41},[31,45002,370],{"class":259},[31,45004,264],{"class":263},[31,45006,370],{"class":259},[31,45008,99],{"class":41},[31,45010,379],{"class":259},[31,45012,274],{"class":263},[31,45014,370],{"class":259},[31,45016,99],{"class":41},[31,45018,379],{"class":259},[31,45020,283],{"class":263},[31,45022,370],{"class":259},[31,45024,59],{"class":41},[14,45026,45027],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[72,45029,45031,45032],{"id":45030},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[28,45033,44095],{},[14,45035,45036,45037,45039],{},"Do not use ",[28,45038,44095],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,45041,45042],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[228,45044,45045,45051,45057,45060],{},[231,45046,45047,45048,45050],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[28,45049,5271],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[231,45052,45053,45054,45056],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[28,45055,44095],{}," values across program runs",[231,45058,45059],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[231,45061,45062,45063],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[28,45064,44095],{},[14,45066,45067],{},"Bad example:",[21,45069,45071],{"className":23,"code":45070,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[28,45072,45073,45085,45097,45101,45123],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45074,45075,45077,45079,45081,45083],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45076,3130],{"class":37},[31,45078,89],{"class":88},[31,45080,271],{"class":259},[31,45082,37651],{"class":263},[31,45084,3934],{"class":259},[31,45086,45087,45089,45091,45093,45095],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45088,3158],{"class":37},[31,45090,89],{"class":88},[31,45092,271],{"class":259},[31,45094,37651],{"class":263},[31,45096,3934],{"class":259},[31,45098,45099],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,45100,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,45102,45103,45105,45107,45109,45111,45113,45115,45117,45119,45121],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,45104,7584],{"class":4457},[31,45106,15414],{"class":133},[31,45108,137],{"class":41},[31,45110,264],{"class":140},[31,45112,4238],{"class":41},[31,45114,6993],{"class":88},[31,45116,15414],{"class":133},[31,45118,137],{"class":41},[31,45120,274],{"class":140},[31,45122,8931],{"class":41},[31,45124,45125,45127,45129,45131,45134,45136],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,45126,8657],{"class":133},[31,45128,137],{"class":41},[31,45130,260],{"class":259},[31,45132,45133],{"class":263},"The values are equal",[31,45135,260],{"class":259},[31,45137,120],{"class":41},[14,45139,45140],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[21,45142,45144],{"className":23,"code":45143,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[28,45145,45146,45159],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45147,45148,45150,45153,45155,45157],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45149,7584],{"class":4457},[31,45151,45152],{"class":37}," a ",[31,45154,5271],{"class":88},[31,45156,3135],{"class":37},[31,45158,6978],{"class":41},[31,45160,45161,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45162,8657],{"class":133},[31,45164,137],{"class":41},[31,45166,260],{"class":259},[31,45168,45133],{"class":263},[31,45170,260],{"class":259},[31,45172,120],{"class":41},[14,45174,2668,45175,3456,45177,45179],{},[28,45176,12788],{},[28,45178,44095],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[72,45181,21399],{"id":21398},[14,45183,45184],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[228,45186,45187,45190,45193,45198],{},[231,45188,45189],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[231,45191,45192],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[231,45194,45195,45196],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[28,45197,44095],{},[231,45199,45200,45201],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[28,45202,44095],{},[14,45204,45205],{},"The important rule is:",[228,45207,45208,45213],{},[231,45209,2668,45210,45212],{},[28,45211,5271],{}," to check value",[231,45214,2668,45215,45217],{},[28,45216,12788],{}," to check identity",[14,45219,45220,45221,45223],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[28,45222,44095],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[72,45225,3407],{"id":3406},[14,45227,45228,45229,48],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[28,45230,44095],{},[228,45232,45233,45241,45244,45247,45252],{},[231,45234,9007,45235,45237,45238,45240],{},[28,45236,44095],{}," when ",[28,45239,5271],{}," should be used",[231,45242,45243],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[231,45245,45246],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[231,45248,45249,45250],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[28,45251,44095],{},[231,45253,9007,45254,45256],{},[28,45255,44095],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,45258,45259],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[21,45261,45263],{"className":23,"code":45262,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[28,45264,45265,45280,45294,45308,45322],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45266,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45278],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45268,134],{"class":133},[31,45270,137],{"class":41},[31,45272,13244],{"class":133},[31,45274,137],{"class":41},[31,45276,45277],{"class":140},"my_object",[31,45279,1569],{"class":41},[31,45281,45282,45284,45286,45288,45290,45292],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45283,134],{"class":133},[31,45285,137],{"class":41},[31,45287,3130],{"class":140},[31,45289,5271],{"class":88},[31,45291,3135],{"class":140},[31,45293,120],{"class":41},[31,45295,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,45297,134],{"class":133},[31,45299,137],{"class":41},[31,45301,3130],{"class":140},[31,45303,12788],{"class":4457},[31,45305,3135],{"class":140},[31,45307,120],{"class":41},[31,45309,45310,45312,45314,45316,45318,45320],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,45311,134],{"class":133},[31,45313,137],{"class":41},[31,45315,1562],{"class":1561},[31,45317,137],{"class":41},[31,45319,45277],{"class":140},[31,45321,1569],{"class":41},[31,45323,45324,45326,45328,45330],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,45325,32756],{"class":133},[31,45327,137],{"class":41},[31,45329,13244],{"class":133},[31,45331,120],{"class":41},[72,45333,2435],{"id":2434},[613,45335,45337,45338,13311],{"id":45336},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[28,45339,44095],{},[14,45341,45342],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[613,45344,15501,45346,45348],{"id":45345},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[28,45347,44095],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,45350,45351],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[613,45353,22019,45355,45357],{"id":45354},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[28,45356,44095],{}," to compare two values?",[14,45359,30873,45360,45362,45363,3456,45365,45367],{},[28,45361,5271],{}," to compare values. Use ",[28,45364,44095],{},[28,45366,12788],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[613,45369,45371,45372,2466],{"id":45370},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[28,45373,44095],{},[14,45375,45376],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[613,45378,45380,45381,45383],{"id":45379},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[28,45382,44095],{}," values?",[14,45385,45386],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[72,45388,2475],{"id":2474},[228,45390,45391,45396,45401,45406,45414],{},[231,45392,45393],{},[264,45394,45395],{"href":44233},"Python variables explained for beginners",[231,45397,45398],{},[264,45399,45400],{"href":44542},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[231,45402,45403],{},[264,45404,45405],{"href":44546},"Python data types overview",[231,45407,45408],{},[264,45409,4152,45411,4085],{"href":45410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[28,45412,45413],{},"isinstance()",[231,45415,45416],{},[264,45417,45419],{"href":45418},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2499,45421,45422],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":45424},[45425,45427,45428,45429,45430,45431,45433,45435,45436,45437,45449],{"id":44199,"depth":123,"text":45426},"What id() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":44367,"depth":123,"text":44368},{"id":44550,"depth":123,"text":44551},{"id":44662,"depth":123,"text":44663},{"id":44819,"depth":123,"text":45432},"When id() is useful",{"id":45030,"depth":123,"text":45434},"When not to use id()",{"id":21398,"depth":123,"text":21399},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":45438},[45439,45441,45443,45445,45447],{"id":45336,"depth":130,"text":45440},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45345,"depth":130,"text":45442},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45354,"depth":130,"text":45444},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45370,"depth":130,"text":45446},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45379,"depth":130,"text":45448},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44087,"description":45450},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45457,"title":42800,"body":45458,"description":47098,"extension":2542,"meta":47099,"navigation":126,"path":47100,"seo":47101,"stem":47102,"__hash__":47103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45459,"toc":47064},[45460,45465,45470,45473,45475,45518,45523,45526,45531,45536,45539,45555,45557,45601,45603,45630,45632,45647,45649,45651,45653,45669,45671,45683,45686,45720,45723,45748,45753,45755,45760,45764,45767,45769,45817,45819,45852,45858,45869,45871,45923,45925,45956,45958,45962,45966,46009,46015,46021,46073,46081,46086,46090,46181,46183,46216,46219,46221,46281,46283,46309,46319,46321,46325,46330,46335,46337,46374,46376,46395,46398,46402,46405,46461,46473,46482,46484,46511,46519,46526,46530,46533,46570,46573,46579,46616,46618,46622,46628,46646,46651,46699,46703,46792,46795,46802,46804,46806,46811,46829,46831,46874,46880,46897,46899,46961,46963,46965,46971,46979,46985,46991,47000,47010,47014,47022,47024,47026,47061],[10,45461,4152,45463,4156],{"id":45462},"python-input-function-explained",[28,45464,3536],{},[14,45466,62,45467,45469],{},[28,45468,3536],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45471,45472],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[72,45474,75],{"id":74},[21,45476,45478],{"className":23,"code":45477,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[28,45479,45480,45499],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45481,45482,45484,45486,45488,45490,45492,45495,45497],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45483,8464],{"class":37},[31,45485,89],{"class":88},[31,45487,8831],{"class":133},[31,45489,137],{"class":41},[31,45491,260],{"class":259},[31,45493,45494],{"class":263},"Enter your name: ",[31,45496,260],{"class":259},[31,45498,120],{"class":41},[31,45500,45501,45503,45505,45507,45510,45512,45514,45516],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45502,134],{"class":133},[31,45504,137],{"class":41},[31,45506,260],{"class":259},[31,45508,45509],{"class":263},"Hello, ",[31,45511,260],{"class":259},[31,45513,3030],{"class":88},[31,45515,36598],{"class":140},[31,45517,120],{"class":41},[14,45519,2668,45520,45522],{},[28,45521,3536],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45524,45525],"hr",{},[72,45527,4255,45529,4258],{"id":45528},"what-input-does",[28,45530,3536],{},[14,45532,45533,45535],{},[28,45534,3536],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45537,45538],{},"Here is what happens:",[228,45540,45541,45546,45549,45552],{},[231,45542,45543,45545],{},[28,45544,3536],{}," waits for the user to type",[231,45547,45548],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[231,45550,45551],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[231,45553,45554],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45556,242],{},[21,45558,45560],{"className":23,"code":45559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[28,45561,45562,45582],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45563,45564,45567,45569,45571,45573,45575,45578,45580],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45565,45566],{"class":37},"color ",[31,45568,89],{"class":88},[31,45570,8831],{"class":133},[31,45572,137],{"class":41},[31,45574,260],{"class":259},[31,45576,45577],{"class":263},"What is your favorite color? ",[31,45579,260],{"class":259},[31,45581,120],{"class":41},[31,45583,45584,45586,45588,45590,45593,45595,45597,45599],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45585,134],{"class":133},[31,45587,137],{"class":41},[31,45589,260],{"class":259},[31,45591,45592],{"class":263},"Your favorite color is",[31,45594,260],{"class":259},[31,45596,99],{"class":41},[31,45598,36457],{"class":140},[31,45600,120],{"class":41},[14,45602,30632],{},[21,45604,45606],{"className":23,"code":45605,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[28,45607,45608,45621],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45609,45610,45612,45614,45617,45619],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45611,4255],{"class":37},[31,45613,12788],{"class":88},[31,45615,45616],{"class":37}," your favorite color",[31,45618,2466],{"class":37971},[31,45620,36487],{"class":37},[31,45622,45623,45626,45628],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45624,45625],{"class":37},"Your favorite color ",[31,45627,12788],{"class":88},[31,45629,36487],{"class":37},[14,45631,20556],{},[228,45633,45634,45639,45644],{},[231,45635,45636,45637],{},"The prompt is ",[28,45638,45577],{},[231,45640,45641,45642],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[28,45643,33495],{},[231,45645,45646],{},"That value is then printed",[45524,45648],{},[72,45650,2733],{"id":2732},[14,45652,7805],{},[21,45654,45656],{"className":23,"code":45655,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"input(prompt)\n",[28,45657,45658],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45659,45660,45662,45664,45667],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45661,43069],{"class":133},[31,45663,137],{"class":41},[31,45665,45666],{"class":140},"prompt",[31,45668,120],{"class":41},[14,45670,12051],{},[228,45672,45673,45677,45680],{},[231,45674,62,45675,20638],{},[28,45676,45666],{},[231,45678,45679],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[231,45681,45682],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45684,45685],{},"Example with a prompt:",[21,45687,45689],{"className":23,"code":45688,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[28,45690,45691,45710],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45692,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701,45703,45706,45708],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45694,8549],{"class":37},[31,45696,89],{"class":88},[31,45698,8831],{"class":133},[31,45700,137],{"class":41},[31,45702,260],{"class":259},[31,45704,45705],{"class":263},"Enter your username: ",[31,45707,260],{"class":259},[31,45709,120],{"class":41},[31,45711,45712,45714,45716,45718],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45713,134],{"class":133},[31,45715,137],{"class":41},[31,45717,8573],{"class":140},[31,45719,120],{"class":41},[14,45721,45722],{},"Example without a prompt:",[21,45724,45726],{"className":23,"code":45725,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[28,45727,45728,45738],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45729,45730,45732,45734,45736],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45731,3022],{"class":37},[31,45733,89],{"class":88},[31,45735,8831],{"class":133},[31,45737,1772],{"class":41},[31,45739,45740,45742,45744,45746],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45741,134],{"class":133},[31,45743,137],{"class":41},[31,45745,3049],{"class":140},[31,45747,120],{"class":41},[14,45749,8351,45750,45752],{},[28,45751,3536],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45524,45754],{},[72,45756,4255,45758,12299],{"id":45757},"what-input-returns",[28,45759,3536],{},[14,45761,45762,8814],{},[28,45763,3536],{},[14,45765,45766],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45768,242],{},[21,45770,45772],{"className":23,"code":45771,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[28,45773,45774,45793,45803],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45775,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45789,45791],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45777,22227],{"class":37},[31,45779,89],{"class":88},[31,45781,8831],{"class":133},[31,45783,137],{"class":41},[31,45785,260],{"class":259},[31,45787,45788],{"class":263},"Enter your age: ",[31,45790,260],{"class":259},[31,45792,120],{"class":41},[31,45794,45795,45797,45799,45801],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45796,134],{"class":133},[31,45798,137],{"class":41},[31,45800,9890],{"class":140},[31,45802,120],{"class":41},[31,45804,45805,45807,45809,45811,45813,45815],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,45806,134],{"class":133},[31,45808,137],{"class":41},[31,45810,1562],{"class":1561},[31,45812,137],{"class":41},[31,45814,9890],{"class":140},[31,45816,1569],{"class":41},[14,45818,30632],{},[21,45820,45822],{"className":23,"code":45821,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,45823,45824,45834,45838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45825,45826,45829,45831],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45827,45828],{"class":37},"Enter your age",[31,45830,48],{"class":41},[31,45832,45833],{"class":95}," 25\n",[31,45835,45836],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45837,3285],{"class":95},[31,45839,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,45841,1593],{"class":88},[31,45843,1597],{"class":1596},[31,45845,379],{"class":259},[31,45847,4019],{"class":263},[31,45849,370],{"class":259},[31,45851,1606],{"class":88},[14,45853,45854,45855,45857],{},"Even though the user typed ",[28,45856,9785],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45859,45860,45861,3456,45865,70],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[264,45862,45863],{"href":3452},[28,45864,3455],{},[264,45866,45867],{"href":3459},[28,45868,3462],{},[14,45870,242],{},[21,45872,45874],{"className":23,"code":45873,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[28,45875,45876,45899,45909],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45877,45878,45880,45882,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45879,22227],{"class":37},[31,45881,89],{"class":88},[31,45883,45884],{"class":1561}," int",[31,45886,137],{"class":41},[31,45888,43069],{"class":133},[31,45890,137],{"class":41},[31,45892,260],{"class":259},[31,45894,45788],{"class":263},[31,45896,260],{"class":259},[31,45898,1569],{"class":41},[31,45900,45901,45903,45905,45907],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45902,134],{"class":133},[31,45904,137],{"class":41},[31,45906,9890],{"class":140},[31,45908,120],{"class":41},[31,45910,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,45912,134],{"class":133},[31,45914,137],{"class":41},[31,45916,1562],{"class":1561},[31,45918,137],{"class":41},[31,45920,9890],{"class":140},[31,45922,1569],{"class":41},[14,45924,30632],{},[21,45926,45928],{"className":23,"code":45927,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,45929,45930,45938,45942],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45931,45932,45934,45936],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45933,45828],{"class":37},[31,45935,48],{"class":41},[31,45937,45833],{"class":95},[31,45939,45940],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45941,3285],{"class":95},[31,45943,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952,45954],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,45945,1593],{"class":88},[31,45947,1597],{"class":1596},[31,45949,379],{"class":259},[31,45951,2765],{"class":263},[31,45953,370],{"class":259},[31,45955,1606],{"class":88},[45524,45957],{},[72,45959,45961],{"id":45960},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[613,45963,45965],{"id":45964},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[21,45967,45969],{"className":23,"code":45968,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[28,45970,45971,45990],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,45972,45973,45975,45977,45979,45981,45983,45986,45988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,45974,8464],{"class":37},[31,45976,89],{"class":88},[31,45978,8831],{"class":133},[31,45980,137],{"class":41},[31,45982,260],{"class":259},[31,45984,45985],{"class":263},"What is your name? ",[31,45987,260],{"class":259},[31,45989,120],{"class":41},[31,45991,45992,45994,45996,45998,46001,46003,46005,46007],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,45993,134],{"class":133},[31,45995,137],{"class":41},[31,45997,260],{"class":259},[31,45999,46000],{"class":263},"Hello,",[31,46002,260],{"class":259},[31,46004,99],{"class":41},[31,46006,36598],{"class":140},[31,46008,120],{"class":41},[14,46010,46011,46012,46014],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[28,46013,8256],{}," and prints it.",[613,46016,46018,46019],{"id":46017},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[28,46020,3455],{},[21,46022,46024],{"className":23,"code":46023,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[28,46025,46026,46049],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46027,46028,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46045,46047],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46029,22227],{"class":37},[31,46031,89],{"class":88},[31,46033,45884],{"class":1561},[31,46035,137],{"class":41},[31,46037,43069],{"class":133},[31,46039,137],{"class":41},[31,46041,260],{"class":259},[31,46043,46044],{"class":263},"How old are you? ",[31,46046,260],{"class":259},[31,46048,1569],{"class":41},[31,46050,46051,46053,46055,46057,46060,46062,46064,46067,46069,46071],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46052,134],{"class":133},[31,46054,137],{"class":41},[31,46056,260],{"class":259},[31,46058,46059],{"class":263},"Next year you will be",[31,46061,260],{"class":259},[31,46063,99],{"class":41},[31,46065,46066],{"class":140}," age ",[31,46068,2636],{"class":88},[31,46070,6082],{"class":95},[31,46072,120],{"class":41},[14,46074,6644,46075,46077,46078,46080],{},[28,46076,3455],{}," converts the text from ",[28,46079,3536],{}," into a whole number.",[14,46082,46083,46084,70],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[264,46085,9572],{"href":9571},[613,46087,46089],{"id":46088},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[21,46091,46093],{"className":23,"code":46092,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[28,46094,46095,46119,46143,46157,46161],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46096,46097,46100,46102,46104,46106,46108,46110,46112,46115,46117],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46098,46099],{"class":37},"num1 ",[31,46101,89],{"class":88},[31,46103,45884],{"class":1561},[31,46105,137],{"class":41},[31,46107,43069],{"class":133},[31,46109,137],{"class":41},[31,46111,260],{"class":259},[31,46113,46114],{"class":263},"Enter the first number: ",[31,46116,260],{"class":259},[31,46118,1569],{"class":41},[31,46120,46121,46124,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136,46139,46141],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46122,46123],{"class":37},"num2 ",[31,46125,89],{"class":88},[31,46127,45884],{"class":1561},[31,46129,137],{"class":41},[31,46131,43069],{"class":133},[31,46133,137],{"class":41},[31,46135,260],{"class":259},[31,46137,46138],{"class":263},"Enter the second number: ",[31,46140,260],{"class":259},[31,46142,1569],{"class":41},[31,46144,46145,46147,46149,46152,46154],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46146,41788],{"class":37},[31,46148,89],{"class":88},[31,46150,46151],{"class":37}," num1 ",[31,46153,2636],{"class":88},[31,46155,46156],{"class":37}," num2\n",[31,46158,46159],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,46160,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,46162,46163,46165,46167,46169,46172,46174,46176,46179],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,46164,134],{"class":133},[31,46166,137],{"class":41},[31,46168,260],{"class":259},[31,46170,46171],{"class":263},"Total:",[31,46173,260],{"class":259},[31,46175,99],{"class":41},[31,46177,46178],{"class":140}," total",[31,46180,120],{"class":41},[14,46182,30632],{},[21,46184,46186],{"className":23,"code":46185,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[28,46187,46188,46198,46207],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46189,46190,46193,46195],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46191,46192],{"class":37},"Enter the first number",[31,46194,48],{"class":41},[31,46196,46197],{"class":95}," 2\n",[31,46199,46200,46203,46205],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46201,46202],{"class":37},"Enter the second number",[31,46204,48],{"class":41},[31,46206,3153],{"class":95},[31,46208,46209,46212,46214],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46210,46211],{"class":37},"Total",[31,46213,48],{"class":41},[31,46215,35447],{"class":95},[14,46217,46218],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,46220,242],{},[21,46222,46224],{"className":23,"code":46223,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[28,46225,46226,46244,46262,46266],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46227,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238,46240,46242],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46229,46099],{"class":37},[31,46231,89],{"class":88},[31,46233,8831],{"class":133},[31,46235,137],{"class":41},[31,46237,260],{"class":259},[31,46239,46114],{"class":263},[31,46241,260],{"class":259},[31,46243,120],{"class":41},[31,46245,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256,46258,46260],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46247,46123],{"class":37},[31,46249,89],{"class":88},[31,46251,8831],{"class":133},[31,46253,137],{"class":41},[31,46255,260],{"class":259},[31,46257,46138],{"class":263},[31,46259,260],{"class":259},[31,46261,120],{"class":41},[31,46263,46264],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46265,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,46267,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276,46279],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,46269,134],{"class":133},[31,46271,137],{"class":41},[31,46273,46099],{"class":140},[31,46275,2636],{"class":88},[31,46277,46278],{"class":140}," num2",[31,46280,120],{"class":41},[14,46282,30632],{},[21,46284,46286],{"className":23,"code":46285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[28,46287,46288,46296,46304],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46289,46290,46292,46294],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46291,46192],{"class":37},[31,46293,48],{"class":41},[31,46295,46197],{"class":95},[31,46297,46298,46300,46302],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46299,46202],{"class":37},[31,46301,48],{"class":41},[31,46303,3153],{"class":95},[31,46305,46306],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46307,46308],{"class":95},"23\n",[14,46310,46311,46312,46315,46316,70],{},"That happens because ",[28,46313,46314],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[28,46317,46318],{},"\"23\"",[45524,46320],{},[72,46322,46324],{"id":46323},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,46326,46327,46328,70],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[28,46329,3536],{},[613,46331,5287,46333,42148],{"id":46332},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[28,46334,3536],{},[14,46336,39804],{},[21,46338,46340],{"className":23,"code":46339,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[28,46341,46342,46360],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46343,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352,46354,46356,46358],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46345,3022],{"class":37},[31,46347,89],{"class":88},[31,46349,8831],{"class":133},[31,46351,137],{"class":41},[31,46353,260],{"class":259},[31,46355,42477],{"class":263},[31,46357,260],{"class":259},[31,46359,120],{"class":41},[31,46361,46362,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46363,134],{"class":133},[31,46365,137],{"class":41},[31,46367,1562],{"class":1561},[31,46369,137],{"class":41},[31,46371,3049],{"class":140},[31,46373,1569],{"class":41},[14,46375,358],{},[21,46377,46379],{"className":23,"code":46378,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,46380,46381],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46382,46383,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46384,1593],{"class":88},[31,46386,1597],{"class":1596},[31,46388,379],{"class":259},[31,46390,4019],{"class":263},[31,46392,370],{"class":259},[31,46394,1606],{"class":88},[14,46396,46397],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[613,46399,46401],{"id":46400},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,46403,46404],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[21,46406,46408],{"className":23,"code":46407,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[28,46409,46410,46428,46447],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46411,46412,46414,46416,46418,46420,46422,46424,46426],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46413,3130],{"class":37},[31,46415,89],{"class":88},[31,46417,8831],{"class":133},[31,46419,137],{"class":41},[31,46421,260],{"class":259},[31,46423,42477],{"class":263},[31,46425,260],{"class":259},[31,46427,120],{"class":41},[31,46429,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440,46443,46445],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46431,3158],{"class":37},[31,46433,89],{"class":88},[31,46435,8831],{"class":133},[31,46437,137],{"class":41},[31,46439,260],{"class":259},[31,46441,46442],{"class":263},"Enter another number: ",[31,46444,260],{"class":259},[31,46446,120],{"class":41},[31,46448,46449,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46450,134],{"class":133},[31,46452,137],{"class":41},[31,46454,3130],{"class":140},[31,46456,2636],{"class":88},[31,46458,3135],{"class":140},[31,46460,120],{"class":41},[14,46462,41726,46463,4975,46465,46467,46468,19562,46471,70],{},[28,46464,151],{},[28,46466,559],{},", the result is ",[28,46469,46470],{},"45",[28,46472,2719],{},[613,46474,46476,46477,46479,46480],{"id":46475},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[28,46478,41309],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[28,46481,3455],{},[14,46483,242],{},[21,46485,46487],{"className":23,"code":46486,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[28,46488,46489],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46490,46491,46493,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505,46507,46509],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46492,22227],{"class":37},[31,46494,89],{"class":88},[31,46496,45884],{"class":1561},[31,46498,137],{"class":41},[31,46500,43069],{"class":133},[31,46502,137],{"class":41},[31,46504,260],{"class":259},[31,46506,45788],{"class":263},[31,46508,260],{"class":259},[31,46510,1569],{"class":41},[14,46512,8860,46513,46516,46517,70],{},[28,46514,46515],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[28,46518,41309],{},[14,46520,46521,46522,70],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[264,46523,46525],{"href":46524},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[613,46527,46529],{"id":46528},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46531,46532],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[21,46534,46536],{"className":23,"code":46535,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[28,46537,46538,46556],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46539,46540,46542,46544,46546,46548,46550,46552,46554],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46541,8464],{"class":37},[31,46543,89],{"class":88},[31,46545,8831],{"class":133},[31,46547,137],{"class":41},[31,46549,260],{"class":259},[31,46551,45494],{"class":263},[31,46553,260],{"class":259},[31,46555,120],{"class":41},[31,46557,46558,46560,46562,46564,46566,46568],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46559,134],{"class":133},[31,46561,137],{"class":41},[31,46563,42385],{"class":133},[31,46565,137],{"class":41},[31,46567,8256],{"class":140},[31,46569,1569],{"class":41},[14,46571,46572],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46574,46575,46576,48],{},"You can remove them with ",[28,46577,46578],{},".strip()",[21,46580,46582],{"className":23,"code":46581,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[28,46583,46584,46606],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46585,46586,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602,46604],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46587,8464],{"class":37},[31,46589,89],{"class":88},[31,46591,8831],{"class":133},[31,46593,137],{"class":41},[31,46595,260],{"class":259},[31,46597,45494],{"class":263},[31,46599,260],{"class":259},[31,46601,9222],{"class":41},[31,46603,9225],{"class":140},[31,46605,1772],{"class":41},[31,46607,46608,46610,46612,46614],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46609,134],{"class":133},[31,46611,137],{"class":41},[31,46613,8256],{"class":140},[31,46615,120],{"class":41},[45524,46617],{},[72,46619,46621],{"id":46620},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46623,46624,46625,46627],{},"These habits make ",[28,46626,3536],{}," easier and safer to use.",[228,46629,46630,46633,46638,46641],{},[231,46631,46632],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[231,46634,2668,46635,46637],{},[28,46636,46578],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[231,46639,46640],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[231,46642,2668,46643,46645],{},[28,46644,30384],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46647,46648,46649,48],{},"Example with ",[28,46650,46578],{},[21,46652,46654],{"className":23,"code":46653,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[28,46655,46656,46680],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46657,46658,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669,46672,46674,46676,46678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46659,46660],{"class":37},"city ",[31,46662,89],{"class":88},[31,46664,8831],{"class":133},[31,46666,137],{"class":41},[31,46668,260],{"class":259},[31,46670,46671],{"class":263},"Enter your city: ",[31,46673,260],{"class":259},[31,46675,9222],{"class":41},[31,46677,9225],{"class":140},[31,46679,1772],{"class":41},[31,46681,46682,46684,46686,46688,46691,46693,46695,46697],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46683,134],{"class":133},[31,46685,137],{"class":41},[31,46687,260],{"class":259},[31,46689,46690],{"class":263},"City:",[31,46692,260],{"class":259},[31,46694,99],{"class":41},[31,46696,31988],{"class":140},[31,46698,120],{"class":41},[14,46700,46648,46701,48],{},[28,46702,30384],{},[21,46704,46706],{"className":23,"code":46705,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[28,46707,46708,46714,46737,46769,46777],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46709,46710,46712],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46711,30406],{"class":4457},[31,46713,6978],{"class":41},[31,46715,46716,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46717,46718],{"class":37},"    age ",[31,46720,89],{"class":88},[31,46722,45884],{"class":1561},[31,46724,137],{"class":41},[31,46726,43069],{"class":133},[31,46728,137],{"class":41},[31,46730,260],{"class":259},[31,46732,45788],{"class":263},[31,46734,260],{"class":259},[31,46736,1569],{"class":41},[31,46738,46739,46741,46743,46745,46748,46750,46752,46754,46756,46758,46760,46762,46765,46767],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46740,8657],{"class":133},[31,46742,137],{"class":41},[31,46744,260],{"class":259},[31,46746,46747],{"class":263},"You will be",[31,46749,260],{"class":259},[31,46751,99],{"class":41},[31,46753,46066],{"class":140},[31,46755,2636],{"class":88},[31,46757,6082],{"class":95},[31,46759,99],{"class":41},[31,46761,271],{"class":259},[31,46763,46764],{"class":263},"next year",[31,46766,260],{"class":259},[31,46768,120],{"class":41},[31,46770,46771,46773,46775],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,46772,30437],{"class":4457},[31,46774,42532],{"class":1561},[31,46776,6978],{"class":41},[31,46778,46779,46781,46783,46785,46788,46790],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,46780,8657],{"class":133},[31,46782,137],{"class":41},[31,46784,260],{"class":259},[31,46786,46787],{"class":263},"Please enter a whole number.",[31,46789,260],{"class":259},[31,46791,120],{"class":41},[14,46793,46794],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46796,46797,46798,70],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[264,46799,46801],{"href":46800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45524,46803],{},[72,46805,3407],{"id":3406},[14,46807,46808,46809,48],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[28,46810,3536],{},[228,46812,46813,46820,46823,46826],{},[231,46814,46815,46816,3456,46818],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[28,46817,3455],{},[28,46819,3462],{},[231,46821,46822],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[231,46824,46825],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[231,46827,46828],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46830,32686],{},[21,46832,46834],{"className":23,"code":46833,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[28,46835,46836,46846,46860],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46837,46838,46840,46842,46844],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46839,134],{"class":133},[31,46841,137],{"class":41},[31,46843,3049],{"class":140},[31,46845,120],{"class":41},[31,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46849,134],{"class":133},[31,46851,137],{"class":41},[31,46853,1562],{"class":1561},[31,46855,137],{"class":41},[31,46857,3049],{"class":140},[31,46859,1569],{"class":41},[31,46861,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46863,134],{"class":133},[31,46865,137],{"class":41},[31,46867,42385],{"class":133},[31,46869,137],{"class":41},[31,46871,3049],{"class":140},[31,46873,1569],{"class":41},[14,46875,46876,46877,46879],{},"These help you inspect what ",[28,46878,3536],{}," actually returned:",[228,46881,46882,46887,46892],{},[231,46883,46884,46886],{},[28,46885,42433],{}," shows the value",[231,46888,46889,46891],{},[28,46890,42439],{}," shows the data type",[231,46893,46894,46896],{},[28,46895,42444],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46898,242],{},[21,46900,46902],{"className":23,"code":46901,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[28,46903,46904,46923,46933,46947],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,46905,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916,46919,46921],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,46907,3022],{"class":37},[31,46909,89],{"class":88},[31,46911,8831],{"class":133},[31,46913,137],{"class":41},[31,46915,260],{"class":259},[31,46917,46918],{"class":263},"Enter something: ",[31,46920,260],{"class":259},[31,46922,120],{"class":41},[31,46924,46925,46927,46929,46931],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,46926,134],{"class":133},[31,46928,137],{"class":41},[31,46930,3049],{"class":140},[31,46932,120],{"class":41},[31,46934,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,46936,134],{"class":133},[31,46938,137],{"class":41},[31,46940,1562],{"class":1561},[31,46942,137],{"class":41},[31,46944,3049],{"class":140},[31,46946,1569],{"class":41},[31,46948,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,46950,134],{"class":133},[31,46952,137],{"class":41},[31,46954,42385],{"class":133},[31,46956,137],{"class":41},[31,46958,3049],{"class":140},[31,46960,1569],{"class":41},[45524,46962],{},[72,46964,2435],{"id":2434},[613,46966,13299,46968,46970],{"id":46967},"does-input-return-an-integer",[28,46969,3536],{}," return an integer?",[14,46972,46973,46974,46976,46977,40535],{},"No. ",[28,46975,3536],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[28,46978,3455],{},[613,46980,46982,46983,2466],{"id":46981},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[28,46984,3536],{},[14,46986,46987,46988,46990],{},"No. You can call ",[28,46989,3536],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[613,46992,5740,46994,46997,46998,2466],{"id":46993},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[28,46995,46996],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[28,46999,3536],{},[14,47001,29663,47002,47004,47005,42761,47007,47009],{},[28,47003,3536],{}," returns strings. ",[28,47006,46314],{},[28,47008,46318],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[613,47011,47013],{"id":47012},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,47015,2668,47016,47018,47019,70],{},[28,47017,46578],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[28,47020,47021],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45524,47023],{},[72,47025,2475],{"id":2474},[228,47027,47028,47033,47037,47043,47049,47053],{},[231,47029,47030],{},[264,47031,47032],{"href":46800},"How to get user input in Python",[231,47034,47035],{},[264,47036,9649],{"href":9571},[231,47038,47039],{},[264,47040,4152,47041,4085],{"href":3452},[28,47042,3455],{},[231,47044,47045],{},[264,47046,4152,47047,4085],{"href":3459},[28,47048,3462],{},[231,47050,47051],{},[264,47052,46525],{"href":46524},[231,47054,47055],{},[264,47056,4152,47058,4085],{"href":47057},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[28,47059,47060],{},"print()",[2499,47062,47063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":47065},[47066,47067,47069,47070,47072,47078,47086,47087,47088,47097],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":45528,"depth":123,"text":47068},"What input() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":45757,"depth":123,"text":47071},"What input() returns",{"id":45960,"depth":123,"text":45961,"children":47073},[47074,47075,47077],{"id":45964,"depth":130,"text":45965},{"id":46017,"depth":130,"text":47076},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46088,"depth":130,"text":46089},{"id":46323,"depth":123,"text":46324,"children":47079},[47080,47082,47083,47085],{"id":46332,"depth":130,"text":47081},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46400,"depth":130,"text":46401},{"id":46475,"depth":130,"text":47084},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46528,"depth":130,"text":46529},{"id":46620,"depth":123,"text":46621},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":47089},[47090,47092,47094,47096],{"id":46967,"depth":130,"text":47091},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46981,"depth":130,"text":47093},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46993,"depth":130,"text":47095},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":47012,"depth":130,"text":47013},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42800,"description":47098},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47105,"title":42702,"body":47106,"description":49419,"extension":2542,"meta":49420,"navigation":126,"path":49421,"seo":49422,"stem":49423,"__hash__":49424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47107,"toc":49371},[47108,47113,47118,47123,47144,47147,47149,47209,47211,47230,47235,47240,47245,47247,47260,47262,47345,47347,47388,47394,47396,47426,47432,47435,47452,47454,47506,47508,47526,47532,47538,47541,47559,47561,47634,47636,47655,47662,47668,47673,47676,47736,47738,47757,47760,47763,47778,47784,47788,47849,47851,47872,47876,48005,48007,48137,48147,48153,48159,48167,48233,48235,48260,48263,48280,48293,48299,48302,48335,48337,48350,48353,48396,48398,48406,48413,48417,48424,48428,48455,48457,48465,48471,48488,48493,48497,48524,48526,48534,48538,48543,48546,48572,48575,48584,48592,48596,48606,48610,48613,48615,48666,48668,48698,48708,48735,48737,48745,48755,48759,48762,48764,48812,48814,48858,48864,48915,48917,48936,48941,48946,48949,48968,48971,49023,49025,49034,49036,49040,49044,49047,49056,49063,49065,49092,49096,49098,49107,49110,49117,49123,49183,49187,49189,49197,49200,49226,49232,49235,49255,49257,49266,49274,49276,49282,49287,49294,49304,49310,49318,49322,49325,49327,49368],[10,47109,4152,47111,4156],{"id":47110},"python-int-function-explained",[28,47112,3455],{},[14,47114,32921,47115,47117],{},[28,47116,3455],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,47119,36011,47120,47122],{},[28,47121,3455],{}," when they want to:",[228,47124,47125,47135,47138,47141],{},[231,47126,47127,47128,47131,47132],{},"turn text like ",[28,47129,47130],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[28,47133,47134],{},"42",[231,47136,47137],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[231,47139,47140],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[231,47142,47143],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,47145,47146],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[72,47148,75],{"id":74},[21,47150,47152],{"className":23,"code":47151,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[28,47153,47154,47172,47186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47155,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47157,134],{"class":133},[31,47159,137],{"class":41},[31,47161,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47163,137],{"class":41},[31,47165,260],{"class":259},[31,47167,47134],{"class":263},[31,47169,260],{"class":259},[31,47171,1569],{"class":41},[31,47173,47174,47176,47178,47180,47182,47184],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47175,134],{"class":133},[31,47177,137],{"class":41},[31,47179,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47181,137],{"class":41},[31,47183,42590],{"class":95},[31,47185,1569],{"class":41},[31,47187,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47201,47203,47205,47207],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47189,134],{"class":133},[31,47191,137],{"class":41},[31,47193,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47195,137],{"class":41},[31,47197,260],{"class":259},[31,47199,47200],{"class":263},"101",[31,47202,260],{"class":259},[31,47204,99],{"class":41},[31,47206,3571],{"class":95},[31,47208,1569],{"class":41},[14,47210,358],{},[21,47212,47214],{"className":23,"code":47213,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"42\n3\n5\n",[28,47215,47216,47221,47226],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47217,47218],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47219,47220],{"class":95},"42\n",[31,47222,47223],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47224,47225],{"class":95},"3\n",[31,47227,47228],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47229,3525],{"class":95},[14,47231,2668,47232,47234],{},[28,47233,3455],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[72,47236,4255,47238,4258],{"id":47237},"what-int-does",[28,47239,3455],{},[14,47241,47242,47244],{},[28,47243,3455],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,47246,13648],{},[228,47248,47249,47254,47257],{},[231,47250,47251,47252,7927],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[28,47253,2765],{},[231,47255,47256],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[231,47258,47259],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,47261,242],{},[21,47263,47265],{"className":23,"code":47264,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[28,47266,47267,47279,47293,47297,47307,47317,47331],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47268,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47270,35292],{"class":37},[31,47272,89],{"class":88},[31,47274,271],{"class":259},[31,47276,9785],{"class":263},[31,47278,3934],{"class":259},[31,47280,47281,47283,47285,47287,47289,47291],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47282,2794],{"class":37},[31,47284,89],{"class":88},[31,47286,45884],{"class":1561},[31,47288,137],{"class":41},[31,47290,35313],{"class":140},[31,47292,120],{"class":41},[31,47294,47295],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47296,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,47298,47299,47301,47303,47305],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,47300,134],{"class":133},[31,47302,137],{"class":41},[31,47304,35313],{"class":140},[31,47306,120],{"class":41},[31,47308,47309,47311,47313,47315],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,47310,134],{"class":133},[31,47312,137],{"class":41},[31,47314,2816],{"class":140},[31,47316,120],{"class":41},[31,47318,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,47320,134],{"class":133},[31,47322,137],{"class":41},[31,47324,1562],{"class":1561},[31,47326,137],{"class":41},[31,47328,35313],{"class":140},[31,47330,1569],{"class":41},[31,47332,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47343],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,47334,134],{"class":133},[31,47336,137],{"class":41},[31,47338,1562],{"class":1561},[31,47340,137],{"class":41},[31,47342,2816],{"class":140},[31,47344,1569],{"class":41},[14,47346,358],{},[21,47348,47350],{"className":23,"code":47349,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,47351,47352,47356,47360,47374],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47353,47354],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47355,3285],{"class":95},[31,47357,47358],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47359,3285],{"class":95},[31,47361,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47363,1593],{"class":88},[31,47365,1597],{"class":1596},[31,47367,379],{"class":259},[31,47369,4019],{"class":263},[31,47371,370],{"class":259},[31,47373,1606],{"class":88},[31,47375,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,47377,1593],{"class":88},[31,47379,1597],{"class":1596},[31,47381,379],{"class":259},[31,47383,2765],{"class":263},[31,47385,370],{"class":259},[31,47387,1606],{"class":88},[14,47389,47390,47391,47393],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[28,47392,3455],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[72,47395,2733],{"id":2732},[21,47397,47399],{"className":23,"code":47398,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[28,47400,47401,47411],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47402,47403,47405,47407,47409],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47404,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47406,137],{"class":41},[31,47408,2750],{"class":140},[31,47410,120],{"class":41},[31,47412,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47424],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47414,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47416,137],{"class":41},[31,47418,2750],{"class":140},[31,47420,99],{"class":41},[31,47422,47423],{"class":140}," base",[31,47425,120],{"class":41},[613,47427,47429],{"id":47428},"intx",[28,47430,47431],{},"int(x)",[14,47433,47434],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[228,47436,47437,47442,47447],{},[231,47438,47439,47440],{},"a string such as ",[28,47441,42732],{},[231,47443,47444,47445],{},"a float such as ",[28,47446,42590],{},[231,47448,47449,47450],{},"a boolean such as ",[28,47451,4181],{},[14,47453,242],{},[21,47455,47457],{"className":23,"code":47456,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[28,47458,47459,47477,47492],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47460,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47462,134],{"class":133},[31,47464,137],{"class":41},[31,47466,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47468,137],{"class":41},[31,47470,260],{"class":259},[31,47472,96],{"class":263},[31,47474,260],{"class":259},[31,47476,1569],{"class":41},[31,47478,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47490],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47480,134],{"class":133},[31,47482,137],{"class":41},[31,47484,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47486,137],{"class":41},[31,47488,47489],{"class":95},"8.7",[31,47491,1569],{"class":41},[31,47493,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47495,134],{"class":133},[31,47497,137],{"class":41},[31,47499,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47501,137],{"class":41},[31,47503,4181],{"class":4432},[31,47505,1569],{"class":41},[14,47507,358],{},[21,47509,47511],{"className":23,"code":47510,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10\n8\n1\n",[28,47512,47513,47517,47521],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47514,47515],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47516,2951],{"class":95},[31,47518,47519],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47520,2956],{"class":95},[31,47522,47523],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47524,47525],{"class":95},"1\n",[613,47527,47529],{"id":47528},"intx-base",[28,47530,47531],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47533,47534,47535,47537],{},"Use this form when ",[28,47536,2750],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47539,47540],{},"Common bases:",[228,47542,47543,47548,47553],{},[231,47544,47545,47547],{},[28,47546,193],{}," for binary",[231,47549,47550,47552],{},[28,47551,1765],{}," for octal",[231,47554,47555,47558],{},[28,47556,47557],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47560,242],{},[21,47562,47564],{"className":23,"code":47563,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[28,47565,47566,47588,47611],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47569,134],{"class":133},[31,47571,137],{"class":41},[31,47573,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47575,137],{"class":41},[31,47577,260],{"class":259},[31,47579,47200],{"class":263},[31,47581,260],{"class":259},[31,47583,99],{"class":41},[31,47585,3571],{"class":95},[31,47587,1569],{"class":41},[31,47589,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47603,47605,47607,47609],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47591,134],{"class":133},[31,47593,137],{"class":41},[31,47595,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47597,137],{"class":41},[31,47599,260],{"class":259},[31,47601,47602],{"class":263},"17",[31,47604,260],{"class":259},[31,47606,99],{"class":41},[31,47608,6944],{"class":95},[31,47610,1569],{"class":41},[31,47612,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623,47626,47628,47630,47632],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47614,134],{"class":133},[31,47616,137],{"class":41},[31,47618,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47620,137],{"class":41},[31,47622,260],{"class":259},[31,47624,47625],{"class":263},"1A",[31,47627,260],{"class":259},[31,47629,99],{"class":41},[31,47631,14585],{"class":95},[31,47633,1569],{"class":41},[14,47635,358],{},[21,47637,47639],{"className":23,"code":47638,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5\n15\n26\n",[28,47640,47641,47645,47650],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47642,47643],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47644,3525],{"class":95},[31,47646,47647],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47648,47649],{"class":95},"15\n",[31,47651,47652],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47653,47654],{"class":95},"26\n",[14,47656,47657,47658,70],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[264,47659,47660,2879],{"href":3459},[28,47661,3462],{},[72,47663,9007,47665,47667],{"id":47664},"using-int-with-strings",[28,47666,3455],{}," with strings",[14,47669,47670,47672],{},[28,47671,3455],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47674,47675],{},"Examples that work:",[21,47677,47679],{"className":23,"code":47678,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[28,47680,47681,47699,47717],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47682,47683,47685,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47684,134],{"class":133},[31,47686,137],{"class":41},[31,47688,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47690,137],{"class":41},[31,47692,260],{"class":259},[31,47694,559],{"class":263},[31,47696,260],{"class":259},[31,47698,1569],{"class":41},[31,47700,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47702,134],{"class":133},[31,47704,137],{"class":41},[31,47706,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47708,137],{"class":41},[31,47710,260],{"class":259},[31,47712,2868],{"class":263},[31,47714,260],{"class":259},[31,47716,1569],{"class":41},[31,47718,47719,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729,47732,47734],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47720,134],{"class":133},[31,47722,137],{"class":41},[31,47724,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47726,137],{"class":41},[31,47728,260],{"class":259},[31,47730,47731],{"class":263},"  42  ",[31,47733,260],{"class":259},[31,47735,1569],{"class":41},[14,47737,358],{},[21,47739,47741],{"className":23,"code":47740,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5\n-12\n42\n",[28,47742,47743,47747,47753],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47744,47745],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47746,3525],{"class":95},[31,47748,47749,47751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47750,212],{"class":88},[31,47752,2802],{"class":95},[31,47754,47755],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47756,47220],{"class":95},[14,47758,47759],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47761,47762],{},"Examples that fail:",[21,47764,47766],{"className":23,"code":47765,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[28,47767,47768,47773],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47769,47770],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47771,47772],{"class":157},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[31,47774,47775],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47776,47777],{"class":157},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47779,47780,47781,47783],{},"These raise ",[28,47782,41309],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[613,47785,47787],{"id":47786},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[21,47789,47791],{"className":23,"code":47790,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[28,47792,47793,47811,47830],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47794,47795,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805,47807,47809],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47796,134],{"class":133},[31,47798,137],{"class":41},[31,47800,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47802,137],{"class":41},[31,47804,260],{"class":259},[31,47806,1243],{"class":263},[31,47808,260],{"class":259},[31,47810,1569],{"class":41},[31,47812,47813,47815,47817,47819,47821,47823,47826,47828],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47814,134],{"class":133},[31,47816,137],{"class":41},[31,47818,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47820,137],{"class":41},[31,47822,260],{"class":259},[31,47824,47825],{"class":263},"+7",[31,47827,260],{"class":259},[31,47829,1569],{"class":41},[31,47831,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47845,47847],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47833,134],{"class":133},[31,47835,137],{"class":41},[31,47837,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47839,137],{"class":41},[31,47841,260],{"class":259},[31,47843,47844],{"class":263},"-100",[31,47846,260],{"class":259},[31,47848,1569],{"class":41},[14,47850,358],{},[21,47852,47854],{"className":23,"code":47853,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0\n7\n-100\n",[28,47855,47856,47861,47865],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47857,47858],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47859,47860],{"class":95},"0\n",[31,47862,47863],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47864,2655],{"class":95},[31,47866,47867,47869],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47868,212],{"class":88},[31,47870,47871],{"class":95},"100\n",[613,47873,47875],{"id":47874},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[21,47877,47879],{"className":23,"code":47878,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[28,47880,47881,47919,47923,47935,47942,47957,47972],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,47882,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895,47897,47899,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47915,47917],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,47884,4402],{"class":37},[31,47886,89],{"class":88},[31,47888,4200],{"class":41},[31,47890,260],{"class":259},[31,47892,40748],{"class":263},[31,47894,260],{"class":259},[31,47896,99],{"class":41},[31,47898,271],{"class":259},[31,47900,47901],{"class":263},"12abc",[31,47903,260],{"class":259},[31,47905,99],{"class":41},[31,47907,6710],{"class":259},[31,47909,99],{"class":41},[31,47911,271],{"class":259},[31,47913,47914],{"class":263},"seven",[31,47916,260],{"class":259},[31,47918,59],{"class":41},[31,47920,47921],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,47922,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,47924,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,47926,6543],{"class":4457},[31,47928,22183],{"class":37},[31,47930,4464],{"class":4457},[31,47932,4467],{"class":37},[31,47934,6978],{"class":41},[31,47936,47937,47940],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,47938,47939],{"class":4457},"    try",[31,47941,6978],{"class":41},[31,47943,47944,47947,47949,47951,47953,47955],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,47945,47946],{"class":133},"        print",[31,47948,137],{"class":41},[31,47950,2765],{"class":1561},[31,47952,137],{"class":41},[31,47954,3049],{"class":140},[31,47956,1569],{"class":41},[31,47958,47959,47962,47964,47967,47970],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,47960,47961],{"class":4457},"    except",[31,47963,42532],{"class":1561},[31,47965,47966],{"class":4457}," as",[31,47968,47969],{"class":37}," error",[31,47971,6978],{"class":41},[31,47973,47974,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47989,47991,47994,47996,47999,48001,48003],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,47975,47946],{"class":133},[31,47977,137],{"class":41},[31,47979,22893],{"class":1596},[31,47981,260],{"class":263},[31,47983,9869],{"class":95},[31,47985,3049],{"class":140},[31,47987,47988],{"class":1596},"!r",[31,47990,22902],{"class":95},[31,47992,47993],{"class":263}," -> ",[31,47995,9869],{"class":95},[31,47997,47998],{"class":140},"error",[31,48000,22902],{"class":95},[31,48002,260],{"class":263},[31,48004,120],{"class":41},[14,48006,358],{},[21,48008,48010],{"className":23,"code":48009,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[28,48011,48012,48048,48080,48105],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48013,48014,48016,48018,48020,48023,48026,48028,48030,48032,48035,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48015,370],{"class":43935},[31,48017,40748],{"class":43939},[31,48019,370],{"class":43935},[31,48021,48022],{"class":37971}," ->",[31,48024,48025],{"class":37}," invalid literal ",[31,48027,6543],{"class":4457},[31,48029,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48031,7953],{"class":41},[31,48033,48034],{"class":4457}," with",[31,48036,48037],{"class":37}," base ",[31,48039,96],{"class":95},[31,48041,48],{"class":41},[31,48043,379],{"class":259},[31,48045,40748],{"class":263},[31,48047,30302],{"class":259},[31,48049,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072,48074,48076,48078],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48051,370],{"class":259},[31,48053,47901],{"class":263},[31,48055,370],{"class":259},[31,48057,48022],{"class":37971},[31,48059,48025],{"class":37},[31,48061,6543],{"class":4457},[31,48063,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48065,7953],{"class":41},[31,48067,48034],{"class":4457},[31,48069,48037],{"class":37},[31,48071,96],{"class":95},[31,48073,48],{"class":41},[31,48075,379],{"class":259},[31,48077,47901],{"class":263},[31,48079,30302],{"class":259},[31,48081,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100,48102],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48083,4352],{"class":259},[31,48085,48022],{"class":37971},[31,48087,48025],{"class":37},[31,48089,6543],{"class":4457},[31,48091,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48093,7953],{"class":41},[31,48095,48034],{"class":4457},[31,48097,48037],{"class":37},[31,48099,96],{"class":95},[31,48101,48],{"class":41},[31,48103,48104],{"class":259}," ''\n",[31,48106,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48108,370],{"class":259},[31,48110,47914],{"class":263},[31,48112,370],{"class":259},[31,48114,48022],{"class":37971},[31,48116,48025],{"class":37},[31,48118,6543],{"class":4457},[31,48120,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48122,7953],{"class":41},[31,48124,48034],{"class":4457},[31,48126,48037],{"class":37},[31,48128,96],{"class":95},[31,48130,48],{"class":41},[31,48132,379],{"class":259},[31,48134,47914],{"class":263},[31,48136,30302],{"class":259},[14,48138,48139,48140,48142,48143,70],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[264,48141,9572],{"href":9571}," and the ",[264,48144,48145,2879],{"href":8808},[28,48146,3536],{},[72,48148,9007,48150,48152],{"id":48149},"using-int-with-floats",[28,48151,3455],{}," with floats",[14,48154,48155,48156,48158],{},"When you pass a float to ",[28,48157,3455],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,48160,48161,48162,14651,48164,48166],{},"Important: ",[28,48163,3455],{},[67,48165,5213],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[21,48168,48170],{"className":23,"code":48169,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[28,48171,48172,48186,48201,48217],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48173,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48175,134],{"class":133},[31,48177,137],{"class":41},[31,48179,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48181,137],{"class":41},[31,48183,42590],{"class":95},[31,48185,1569],{"class":41},[31,48187,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48199],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48189,134],{"class":133},[31,48191,137],{"class":41},[31,48193,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48195,137],{"class":41},[31,48197,48198],{"class":95},"3.1",[31,48200,1569],{"class":41},[31,48202,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48204,134],{"class":133},[31,48206,137],{"class":41},[31,48208,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48210,137],{"class":41},[31,48212,212],{"class":88},[31,48214,42590],{"class":95},[31,48216,1569],{"class":41},[31,48218,48219,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48220,134],{"class":133},[31,48222,137],{"class":41},[31,48224,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48226,137],{"class":41},[31,48228,212],{"class":88},[31,48230,48198],{"class":95},[31,48232,1569],{"class":41},[14,48234,358],{},[21,48236,48238],{"className":23,"code":48237,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[28,48239,48240,48244,48248,48254],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48241,48242],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48243,47225],{"class":95},[31,48245,48246],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48247,47225],{"class":95},[31,48249,48250,48252],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48251,212],{"class":88},[31,48253,47225],{"class":95},[31,48255,48256,48258],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48257,212],{"class":88},[31,48259,47225],{"class":95},[14,48261,48262],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[228,48264,48265,48272],{},[231,48266,48267,42761,48270],{},[28,48268,48269],{},"int(3.9)",[28,48271,173],{},[231,48273,48274,42761,48277],{},[28,48275,48276],{},"int(-3.9)",[28,48278,48279],{},"-3",[14,48281,48282,48283,48287,48288,70],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[264,48284,48285],{"href":3459},[28,48286,3462],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[264,48289,48290],{"href":42781},[28,48291,48292],{},"str()",[72,48294,9007,48296,48298],{"id":48295},"using-int-with-booleans",[28,48297,3455],{}," with booleans",[14,48300,48301],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[21,48303,48305],{"className":23,"code":48304,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[28,48306,48307,48321],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48308,48309,48311,48313,48315,48317,48319],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48310,134],{"class":133},[31,48312,137],{"class":41},[31,48314,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48316,137],{"class":41},[31,48318,4181],{"class":4432},[31,48320,1569],{"class":41},[31,48322,48323,48325,48327,48329,48331,48333],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48324,134],{"class":133},[31,48326,137],{"class":41},[31,48328,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48330,137],{"class":41},[31,48332,4251],{"class":4432},[31,48334,1569],{"class":41},[14,48336,358],{},[21,48338,48340],{"className":23,"code":48339,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1\n0\n",[28,48341,48342,48346],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48343,48344],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48345,47525],{"class":95},[31,48347,48348],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48349,47860],{"class":95},[14,48351,48352],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[21,48354,48356],{"className":23,"code":48355,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[28,48357,48358,48367,48382,48386],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48359,48360,48363,48365],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48361,48362],{"class":37},"passed ",[31,48364,89],{"class":88},[31,48366,7008],{"class":4432},[31,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48380],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48370,41788],{"class":37},[31,48372,89],{"class":88},[31,48374,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48376,137],{"class":41},[31,48378,48379],{"class":140},"passed",[31,48381,120],{"class":41},[31,48383,48384],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48385,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,48387,48388,48390,48392,48394],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48389,134],{"class":133},[31,48391,137],{"class":41},[31,48393,41817],{"class":140},[31,48395,120],{"class":41},[14,48397,358],{},[21,48399,48400],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,48401,48402],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48403,48404],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48405,47525],{"class":95},[14,48407,48408,48409,70],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[264,48410,48411,2879],{"href":6365},[28,48412,4392],{},[72,48414,48416],{"id":48415},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,48418,48419,48420,48423],{},"Use the ",[28,48421,48422],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[613,48425,48427],{"id":48426},"binary-example","Binary example",[21,48429,48431],{"className":23,"code":48430,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[28,48432,48433],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48434,48435,48437,48439,48441,48443,48445,48447,48449,48451,48453],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48436,134],{"class":133},[31,48438,137],{"class":41},[31,48440,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48442,137],{"class":41},[31,48444,260],{"class":259},[31,48446,47200],{"class":263},[31,48448,260],{"class":259},[31,48450,99],{"class":41},[31,48452,3571],{"class":95},[31,48454,1569],{"class":41},[14,48456,358],{},[21,48458,48459],{"className":23,"code":3525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,48460,48461],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48462,48463],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48464,3525],{"class":95},[14,48466,48467,48470],{},[28,48468,48469],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[228,48472,48473,48478,48483],{},[231,48474,48475],{},[28,48476,48477],{},"1 × 4",[231,48479,48480],{},[28,48481,48482],{},"0 × 2",[231,48484,48485],{},[28,48486,48487],{},"1 × 1",[14,48489,48490,48491,70],{},"So the result is ",[28,48492,559],{},[613,48494,48496],{"id":48495},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[21,48498,48500],{"className":23,"code":48499,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[28,48501,48502],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48503,48504,48506,48508,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520,48522],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48505,134],{"class":133},[31,48507,137],{"class":41},[31,48509,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48511,137],{"class":41},[31,48513,260],{"class":259},[31,48515,47625],{"class":263},[31,48517,260],{"class":259},[31,48519,99],{"class":41},[31,48521,14585],{"class":95},[31,48523,1569],{"class":41},[14,48525,358],{},[21,48527,48528],{"className":23,"code":47654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,48529,48530],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48531,48532],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48533,47654],{"class":95},[613,48535,48537],{"id":48536},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48539,62,48540,48542],{},[28,48541,48422],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48544,48545],{},"Good:",[21,48547,48548],{"className":23,"code":48430,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,48549,48550],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48551,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564,48566,48568,48570],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48553,134],{"class":133},[31,48555,137],{"class":41},[31,48557,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48559,137],{"class":41},[31,48561,260],{"class":259},[31,48563,47200],{"class":263},[31,48565,260],{"class":259},[31,48567,99],{"class":41},[31,48569,3571],{"class":95},[31,48571,1569],{"class":41},[14,48573,48574],{},"Not correct:",[21,48576,48578],{"className":23,"code":48577,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# int(101, 2)\n",[28,48579,48580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48581,48582],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48583,48577],{"class":157},[14,48585,48586,48587,9192,48589,48591],{},"That causes a ",[28,48588,3583],{},[28,48590,48422],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[72,48593,48595],{"id":48594},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48597,48598,48599,48601,48602,4975,48604,70],{},"Two common errors with ",[28,48600,3455],{}," are ",[28,48603,41309],{},[28,48605,3583],{},[613,48607,48608],{"id":42119},[28,48609,41309],{},[14,48611,48612],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48614,242],{},[21,48616,48618],{"className":23,"code":48617,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[28,48619,48620,48626,48644,48656],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48621,48622,48624],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48623,30406],{"class":4457},[31,48625,6978],{"class":41},[31,48627,48628,48630,48632,48634,48636,48638,48640,48642],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48629,8657],{"class":133},[31,48631,137],{"class":41},[31,48633,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48635,137],{"class":41},[31,48637,260],{"class":259},[31,48639,40748],{"class":263},[31,48641,260],{"class":259},[31,48643,1569],{"class":41},[31,48645,48646,48648,48650,48652,48654],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48647,30437],{"class":4457},[31,48649,42532],{"class":1561},[31,48651,47966],{"class":4457},[31,48653,47969],{"class":37},[31,48655,6978],{"class":41},[31,48657,48658,48660,48662,48664],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48659,8657],{"class":133},[31,48661,137],{"class":41},[31,48663,47998],{"class":140},[31,48665,120],{"class":41},[14,48667,358],{},[21,48669,48671],{"className":23,"code":48670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[28,48672,48673],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48674,48675,48678,48680,48682,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48676,48677],{"class":37},"invalid literal ",[31,48679,6543],{"class":4457},[31,48681,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48683,7953],{"class":41},[31,48685,48034],{"class":4457},[31,48687,48037],{"class":37},[31,48689,96],{"class":95},[31,48691,48],{"class":41},[31,48693,379],{"class":259},[31,48695,40748],{"class":263},[31,48697,30302],{"class":259},[14,48699,48700,48701,48704,48705,48707],{},"A decimal string like ",[28,48702,48703],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[28,48706,3455],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[21,48709,48711],{"className":23,"code":48710,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[28,48712,48713],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48714,48715,48717,48719,48721,48723,48725,48727,48729,48731,48733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48716,134],{"class":133},[31,48718,137],{"class":41},[31,48720,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48722,137],{"class":41},[31,48724,2769],{"class":1561},[31,48726,137],{"class":41},[31,48728,260],{"class":259},[31,48730,40748],{"class":263},[31,48732,260],{"class":259},[31,48734,3490],{"class":41},[14,48736,358],{},[21,48738,48739],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,48740,48741],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48742,48743],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48744,47225],{"class":95},[14,48746,48747,48748,4975,48751,70],{},"If you see this often, read ",[264,48749,48750],{"href":3540},"how to convert string to int in Python",[264,48752,26280,48753],{"href":46524},[28,48754,46525],{},[613,48756,48757],{"id":42185},[28,48758,3583],{},[14,48760,48761],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48763,242],{},[21,48765,48767],{"className":23,"code":48766,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[28,48768,48769,48775,48789,48802],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48770,48771,48773],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48772,30406],{"class":4457},[31,48774,6978],{"class":41},[31,48776,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48778,8657],{"class":133},[31,48780,137],{"class":41},[31,48782,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48784,137],{"class":41},[31,48786,4357],{"class":4432},[31,48788,1569],{"class":41},[31,48790,48791,48793,48796,48798,48800],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48792,30437],{"class":4457},[31,48794,48795],{"class":1561}," TypeError",[31,48797,47966],{"class":4457},[31,48799,47969],{"class":37},[31,48801,6978],{"class":41},[31,48803,48804,48806,48808,48810],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48805,8657],{"class":133},[31,48807,137],{"class":41},[31,48809,47998],{"class":140},[31,48811,120],{"class":41},[14,48813,358],{},[21,48815,48817],{"className":23,"code":48816,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[28,48818,48819],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48820,48821,48823,48825,48828,48830,48832,48835,48837,48840,48842,48845,48847,48849,48851,48853,48856],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48822,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48824,7953],{"class":41},[31,48826,48827],{"class":37}," argument must be a string",[31,48829,99],{"class":41},[31,48831,45152],{"class":37},[31,48833,48834],{"class":1561},"bytes",[31,48836,212],{"class":88},[31,48838,48839],{"class":37},"like ",[31,48841,43005],{"class":1561},[31,48843,48844],{"class":88}," or",[31,48846,41445],{"class":37},[31,48848,99],{"class":41},[31,48850,8688],{"class":88},[31,48852,379],{"class":259},[31,48854,48855],{"class":263},"NoneType",[31,48857,30302],{"class":259},[14,48859,48860,48861,48863],{},"Another example is using the ",[28,48862,48422],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[21,48865,48867],{"className":23,"code":48866,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[28,48868,48869,48875,48893,48905],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48870,48871,48873],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48872,30406],{"class":4457},[31,48874,6978],{"class":41},[31,48876,48877,48879,48881,48883,48885,48887,48889,48891],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48878,8657],{"class":133},[31,48880,137],{"class":41},[31,48882,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48884,137],{"class":41},[31,48886,47200],{"class":95},[31,48888,99],{"class":41},[31,48890,3571],{"class":95},[31,48892,1569],{"class":41},[31,48894,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,48896,30437],{"class":4457},[31,48898,48795],{"class":1561},[31,48900,47966],{"class":4457},[31,48902,47969],{"class":37},[31,48904,6978],{"class":41},[31,48906,48907,48909,48911,48913],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,48908,8657],{"class":133},[31,48910,137],{"class":41},[31,48912,47998],{"class":140},[31,48914,120],{"class":41},[14,48916,358],{},[21,48918,48920],{"className":23,"code":48919,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[28,48921,48922],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48923,48924,48926,48928,48931,48933],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48925,2765],{"class":1561},[31,48927,7953],{"class":41},[31,48929,48930],{"class":37}," can",[31,48932,370],{"class":259},[31,48934,48935],{"class":263},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[72,48937,5544,48939],{"id":48938},"when-to-use-int",[28,48940,3455],{},[14,48942,2668,48943,48945],{},[28,48944,3455],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48947,48948],{},"Common uses:",[228,48950,48951,48957,48960,48963],{},[231,48952,48953,48954,48956],{},"Convert user input from ",[28,48955,3536],{}," into integers",[231,48958,48959],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[231,48961,48962],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[231,48964,48965,48966,37220],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[28,48967,48422],{},[14,48969,48970],{},"Example with user input:",[21,48972,48974],{"className":23,"code":48973,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[28,48975,48976,48990,49005,49009],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,48977,48978,48981,48983,48985,48988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,48979,48980],{"class":37},"age_text ",[31,48982,89],{"class":88},[31,48984,271],{"class":259},[31,48986,48987],{"class":263},"18",[31,48989,3934],{"class":259},[31,48991,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000,49003],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,48993,22227],{"class":37},[31,48995,89],{"class":88},[31,48997,45884],{"class":1561},[31,48999,137],{"class":41},[31,49001,49002],{"class":140},"age_text",[31,49004,120],{"class":41},[31,49006,49007],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49008,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49010,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,49012,134],{"class":133},[31,49014,137],{"class":41},[31,49016,22227],{"class":140},[31,49018,2636],{"class":88},[31,49020,6082],{"class":95},[31,49022,120],{"class":41},[14,49024,358],{},[21,49026,49028],{"className":23,"code":49027,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"19\n",[28,49029,49030],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49031,49032],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49033,49027],{"class":95},[72,49035,3407],{"id":3406},[14,49037,15331,49038,70],{},[28,49039,3455],{},[613,49041,49043],{"id":49042},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,49045,49046],{},"This fails:",[21,49048,49050],{"className":23,"code":49049,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[28,49051,49052],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49053,49054],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49055,49049],{"class":157},[14,49057,49058,49059,49062],{},"Why: ",[28,49060,49061],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,49064,19439],{},[21,49066,49068],{"className":23,"code":49067,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[28,49069,49070],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49071,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49073,134],{"class":133},[31,49075,137],{"class":41},[31,49077,2765],{"class":1561},[31,49079,137],{"class":41},[31,49081,2769],{"class":1561},[31,49083,137],{"class":41},[31,49085,260],{"class":259},[31,49087,41729],{"class":263},[31,49089,260],{"class":259},[31,49091,3490],{"class":41},[613,49093,49095],{"id":49094},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,49097,49046],{},[21,49099,49101],{"className":23,"code":49100,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[28,49102,49103],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49104,49105],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49106,49100],{"class":157},[14,49108,49109],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[613,49111,49113,49114],{"id":49112},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[28,49115,49116],{},"int(None)",[14,49118,49119,49120,49122],{},"This fails because ",[28,49121,4357],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[21,49124,49126],{"className":23,"code":49125,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[28,49127,49128,49137,49141,49147,49161,49173],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49129,49130,49132,49134],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49131,3022],{"class":37},[31,49133,89],{"class":88},[31,49135,49136],{"class":4432}," None\n",[31,49138,49139],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49140,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49142,49143,49145],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49144,30406],{"class":4457},[31,49146,6978],{"class":41},[31,49148,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,49150,8657],{"class":133},[31,49152,137],{"class":41},[31,49154,2765],{"class":1561},[31,49156,137],{"class":41},[31,49158,3049],{"class":140},[31,49160,1569],{"class":41},[31,49162,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,49164,30437],{"class":4457},[31,49166,48795],{"class":1561},[31,49168,47966],{"class":4457},[31,49170,47969],{"class":37},[31,49172,6978],{"class":41},[31,49174,49175,49177,49179,49181],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,49176,8657],{"class":133},[31,49178,137],{"class":41},[31,49180,47998],{"class":140},[31,49182,120],{"class":41},[613,49184,49186],{"id":49185},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,49188,49046],{},[21,49190,49191],{"className":23,"code":48577,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,49192,49193],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49194,49195],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49196,48577],{"class":157},[14,49198,49199],{},"Use a string instead:",[21,49201,49202],{"className":23,"code":48430,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,49203,49204],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49205,49206,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49207,134],{"class":133},[31,49209,137],{"class":41},[31,49211,2765],{"class":1561},[31,49213,137],{"class":41},[31,49215,260],{"class":259},[31,49217,47200],{"class":263},[31,49219,260],{"class":259},[31,49221,99],{"class":41},[31,49223,3571],{"class":95},[31,49225,1569],{"class":41},[613,49227,9043,49229,49231],{"id":49228},"expecting-int-to-round",[28,49230,3455],{}," to round",[14,49233,49234],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[21,49236,49238],{"className":23,"code":49237,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(int(4.9))\n",[28,49239,49240],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49241,49242,49244,49246,49248,49250,49253],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49243,134],{"class":133},[31,49245,137],{"class":41},[31,49247,2765],{"class":1561},[31,49249,137],{"class":41},[31,49251,49252],{"class":95},"4.9",[31,49254,1569],{"class":41},[14,49256,358],{},[21,49258,49260],{"className":23,"code":49259,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"4\n",[28,49261,49262],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49263,49264],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49265,49259],{"class":95},[14,49267,3748,49268,49270,49271,49273],{},[28,49269,559],{},", remember that ",[28,49272,3455],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[72,49275,2435],{"id":2434},[613,49277,13299,49279,49281],{"id":49278},"does-int-round-numbers",[28,49280,3455],{}," round numbers?",[14,49283,46973,49284,49286],{},[28,49285,3455],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[613,49288,5740,49290,49293],{"id":49289},"why-does-int314-fail",[28,49291,49292],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,49295,29663,49296,49298,49299,49301,49302,40535],{},[28,49297,48703],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[28,49300,3462],{}," first, then use ",[28,49303,3455],{},[613,49305,2453,49307,13311],{"id":49306},"what-does-inttrue-return",[28,49308,49309],{},"int(True)",[14,49311,5730,49312,28915,49314,42761,49316,70],{},[28,49313,146],{},[28,49315,4251],{},[28,49317,1243],{},[613,49319,49321],{"id":49320},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,49323,49324],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[72,49326,2475],{"id":2474},[228,49328,49329,49335,49341,49347,49352,49356,49362],{},[231,49330,49331],{},[264,49332,49333,4085],{"href":3459},[28,49334,3462],{},[231,49336,49337],{},[264,49338,49339,4085],{"href":42781},[28,49340,48292],{},[231,49342,49343],{},[264,49344,49345,4085],{"href":6365},[28,49346,4392],{},[231,49348,49349],{},[264,49350,49351],{"href":3540},"How to convert string to int in Python",[231,49353,49354],{},[264,49355,9649],{"href":9571},[231,49357,49358],{},[264,49359,49360,4085],{"href":8808},[28,49361,3536],{},[231,49363,49364],{},[264,49365,30950,49366],{"href":46524},[28,49367,46525],{},[2499,49369,49370],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":49372},[49373,49374,49376,49380,49385,49387,49389,49394,49398,49400,49409,49418],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":47237,"depth":123,"text":49375},"What int() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":49377},[49378,49379],{"id":47428,"depth":130,"text":47431},{"id":47528,"depth":130,"text":47531},{"id":47664,"depth":123,"text":49381,"children":49382},"Using int() with strings",[49383,49384],{"id":47786,"depth":130,"text":47787},{"id":47874,"depth":130,"text":47875},{"id":48149,"depth":123,"text":49386},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48295,"depth":123,"text":49388},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48415,"depth":123,"text":48416,"children":49390},[49391,49392,49393],{"id":48426,"depth":130,"text":48427},{"id":48495,"depth":130,"text":48496},{"id":48536,"depth":130,"text":48537},{"id":48594,"depth":123,"text":48595,"children":49395},[49396,49397],{"id":42119,"depth":130,"text":41309},{"id":42185,"depth":130,"text":3583},{"id":48938,"depth":123,"text":49399},"When to use int()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":49401},[49402,49403,49404,49406,49407],{"id":49042,"depth":130,"text":49043},{"id":49094,"depth":130,"text":49095},{"id":49112,"depth":130,"text":49405},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49185,"depth":130,"text":49186},{"id":49228,"depth":130,"text":49408},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":49410},[49411,49413,49415,49417],{"id":49278,"depth":130,"text":49412},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49289,"depth":130,"text":49414},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49306,"depth":130,"text":49416},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49320,"depth":130,"text":49321},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42702,"description":49419},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49426,"title":49427,"body":49428,"description":51263,"extension":2542,"meta":51264,"navigation":126,"path":45410,"seo":51265,"stem":51266,"__hash__":51267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49429,"toc":51219},[49430,49435,49440,49448,49457,49459,49518,49524,49529,49534,49537,49564,49567,49570,49581,49591,49593,49595,49615,49619,49647,49649,49688,49690,49698,49700,49703,49707,49760,49762,49774,49778,49835,49837,49849,49855,49861,49865,49868,49871,49937,49939,49951,49957,49959,50011,50014,50055,50058,50065,50074,50080,50083,50116,50122,50125,50156,50162,50165,50177,50181,50186,50190,50348,50350,50365,50368,50372,50476,50478,50495,50499,50560,50562,50570,50573,50577,50644,50646,50655,50661,50663,50672,50674,50709,50714,50716,50746,50750,50752,50789,50792,50794,50831,50837,50839,50889,50891,50899,50909,50915,50919,50924,50973,50975,50988,50991,50993,50996,51071,51074,51093,51096,51126,51136,51138,51143,51150,51156,51162,51169,51177,51183,51186,51188,51216],[10,49431,4152,49433,4156],{"id":49432},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[28,49434,45413],{},[14,49436,49437,49439],{},[28,49438,45413],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,49441,49442,49443,3456,49445,49447],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[28,49444,4181],{},[28,49446,4251],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,49449,49450,49451,49453,49454,49456],{},"In many cases, ",[28,49452,45413],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[28,49455,2878],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[72,49458,4186],{"id":4185},[21,49460,49462],{"className":23,"code":49461,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[28,49463,49464,49472,49476,49497],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49465,49466,49468,49470],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49467,3022],{"class":37},[31,49469,89],{"class":88},[31,49471,3163],{"class":95},[31,49473,49474],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49475,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49477,49478,49480,49482,49485,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49479,134],{"class":133},[31,49481,137],{"class":41},[31,49483,49484],{"class":133},"isinstance",[31,49486,137],{"class":41},[31,49488,3049],{"class":140},[31,49490,99],{"class":41},[31,49492,45884],{"class":1561},[31,49494,5945],{"class":41},[31,49496,44462],{"class":157},[31,49498,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49514,49516],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,49500,134],{"class":133},[31,49502,137],{"class":41},[31,49504,49484],{"class":133},[31,49506,137],{"class":41},[31,49508,3049],{"class":140},[31,49510,99],{"class":41},[31,49512,49513],{"class":1561}," str",[31,49515,5945],{"class":41},[31,49517,44479],{"class":157},[14,49519,2668,49520,49523],{},[28,49521,49522],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[72,49525,4255,49527,4258],{"id":49526},"what-isinstance-does",[28,49528,45413],{},[14,49530,49531,49533],{},[28,49532,45413],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49535,49536],{},"It:",[228,49538,49539,49542,49548,49551],{},[231,49540,49541],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[231,49543,12016,49544,3456,49546],{},[28,49545,4181],{},[28,49547,4251],{},[231,49549,49550],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[231,49552,49553,49554,2766,49556,2766,49558,2766,49560,17670,49562],{},"Is commonly used with ",[28,49555,4019],{},[28,49557,2765],{},[28,49559,8682],{},[28,49561,38],{},[28,49563,9412],{},[14,49565,49566],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49568,49569],{},"For example, you might want to:",[228,49571,49572,49575,49578],{},[231,49573,49574],{},"loop through a list",[231,49576,49577],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[231,49579,49580],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49582,49583,49584,3456,49587,70],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[264,49585,45405],{"href":49586},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[264,49588,49590],{"href":49589},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[72,49592,2733],{"id":2732},[14,49594,2736],{},[21,49596,49598],{"className":23,"code":49597,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[28,49599,49600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49601,49602,49604,49606,49608,49610,49613],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49603,49484],{"class":133},[31,49605,137],{"class":41},[31,49607,43005],{"class":1561},[31,49609,99],{"class":41},[31,49611,49612],{"class":140}," classinfo",[31,49614,120],{"class":41},[613,49616,49618],{"id":49617},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[228,49620,49621,49626,49640],{},[231,49622,49623,49625],{},[28,49624,43005],{}," is the value you want to test",[231,49627,49628,49631,49632,2766,49634,2766,49636,2770,49638],{},[28,49629,49630],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[28,49633,2765],{},[28,49635,4019],{},[28,49637,8682],{},[28,49639,9412],{},[231,49641,49642,49643,3456,49645],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[28,49644,4181],{},[28,49646,4251],{},[14,49648,242],{},[21,49650,49652],{"className":23,"code":49651,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[28,49653,49654,49666,49670],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49655,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49657,8464],{"class":37},[31,49659,89],{"class":88},[31,49661,271],{"class":259},[31,49663,12102],{"class":263},[31,49665,3934],{"class":259},[31,49667,49668],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49669,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49671,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49673,134],{"class":133},[31,49675,137],{"class":41},[31,49677,49484],{"class":133},[31,49679,137],{"class":41},[31,49681,8256],{"class":140},[31,49683,99],{"class":41},[31,49685,49513],{"class":1561},[31,49687,1569],{"class":41},[14,49689,358],{},[21,49691,49692],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,49693,49694],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49695,49696],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49697,4560],{"class":4432},[72,49699,12068],{"id":12067},[14,49701,49702],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[613,49704,49706],{"id":49705},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[21,49708,49710],{"className":23,"code":49709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[28,49711,49712,49720,49724,49742],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49713,49714,49716,49718],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49715,3022],{"class":37},[31,49717,89],{"class":88},[31,49719,45833],{"class":95},[31,49721,49722],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49723,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49725,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49727,134],{"class":133},[31,49729,137],{"class":41},[31,49731,49484],{"class":133},[31,49733,137],{"class":41},[31,49735,3049],{"class":140},[31,49737,99],{"class":41},[31,49739,45884],{"class":1561},[31,49741,1569],{"class":41},[31,49743,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752,49754,49756,49758],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,49745,134],{"class":133},[31,49747,137],{"class":41},[31,49749,49484],{"class":133},[31,49751,137],{"class":41},[31,49753,3049],{"class":140},[31,49755,99],{"class":41},[31,49757,49513],{"class":1561},[31,49759,1569],{"class":41},[14,49761,358],{},[21,49763,49764],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,49765,49766,49770],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49767,49768],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49769,4560],{"class":4432},[31,49771,49772],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49773,4621],{"class":4432},[613,49775,49777],{"id":49776},"check-text","Check text",[21,49779,49781],{"className":23,"code":49780,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[28,49782,49783,49795,49799,49817],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49784,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49786,35292],{"class":37},[31,49788,89],{"class":88},[31,49790,271],{"class":259},[31,49792,4425],{"class":263},[31,49794,3934],{"class":259},[31,49796,49797],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49798,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49800,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49802,134],{"class":133},[31,49804,137],{"class":41},[31,49806,49484],{"class":133},[31,49808,137],{"class":41},[31,49810,35313],{"class":140},[31,49812,99],{"class":41},[31,49814,49513],{"class":1561},[31,49816,1569],{"class":41},[31,49818,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,49820,134],{"class":133},[31,49822,137],{"class":41},[31,49824,49484],{"class":133},[31,49826,137],{"class":41},[31,49828,35313],{"class":140},[31,49830,99],{"class":41},[31,49832,45884],{"class":1561},[31,49834,1569],{"class":41},[14,49836,358],{},[21,49838,49839],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,49840,49841,49845],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49842,49843],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49844,4560],{"class":4432},[31,49846,49847],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49848,4621],{"class":4432},[14,49850,49851,49852,49854],{},"In both examples, ",[28,49853,45413],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49856,49857,49858,70],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[264,49859,49860],{"href":3540},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[72,49862,49864],{"id":49863},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49866,49867],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49869,49870],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[21,49872,49874],{"className":23,"code":49873,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[28,49875,49876,49885,49889,49913],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49877,49878,49880,49882],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49879,3022],{"class":37},[31,49881,89],{"class":88},[31,49883,49884],{"class":95}," 3.5\n",[31,49886,49887],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49888,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49890,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49892,134],{"class":133},[31,49894,137],{"class":41},[31,49896,49484],{"class":133},[31,49898,137],{"class":41},[31,49900,3049],{"class":140},[31,49902,99],{"class":41},[31,49904,92],{"class":41},[31,49906,2765],{"class":1561},[31,49908,99],{"class":41},[31,49910,40860],{"class":1561},[31,49912,3490],{"class":41},[31,49914,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,49916,134],{"class":133},[31,49918,137],{"class":41},[31,49920,49484],{"class":133},[31,49922,137],{"class":41},[31,49924,3049],{"class":140},[31,49926,99],{"class":41},[31,49928,92],{"class":41},[31,49930,4019],{"class":1561},[31,49932,99],{"class":41},[31,49934,23159],{"class":1561},[31,49936,3490],{"class":41},[14,49938,358],{},[21,49940,49941],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,49942,49943,49947],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49944,49945],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49946,4560],{"class":4432},[31,49948,49949],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49950,4621],{"class":4432},[14,49952,49953,49954,49956],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[28,49955,41442],{}," conditions.",[14,49958,8887],{},[21,49960,49962],{"className":23,"code":49961,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[28,49963,49964,49972,49976],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,49965,49966,49968,49970],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,49967,3022],{"class":37},[31,49969,89],{"class":88},[31,49971,49884],{"class":95},[31,49973,49974],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,49975,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,49977,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994,49996,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,49979,134],{"class":133},[31,49981,137],{"class":41},[31,49983,1562],{"class":1561},[31,49985,137],{"class":41},[31,49987,3049],{"class":140},[31,49989,4238],{"class":41},[31,49991,6993],{"class":88},[31,49993,45884],{"class":1561},[31,49995,48844],{"class":4457},[31,49997,49998],{"class":1561}," type",[31,50000,137],{"class":41},[31,50002,3049],{"class":140},[31,50004,4238],{"class":41},[31,50006,6993],{"class":88},[31,50008,40860],{"class":1561},[31,50010,120],{"class":41},[14,50012,50013],{},"you can write this:",[21,50015,50017],{"className":23,"code":50016,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[28,50018,50019,50027,50031],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50020,50021,50023,50025],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50022,3022],{"class":37},[31,50024,89],{"class":88},[31,50026,49884],{"class":95},[31,50028,50029],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50030,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50032,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049,50051,50053],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50034,134],{"class":133},[31,50036,137],{"class":41},[31,50038,49484],{"class":133},[31,50040,137],{"class":41},[31,50042,3049],{"class":140},[31,50044,99],{"class":41},[31,50046,92],{"class":41},[31,50048,2765],{"class":1561},[31,50050,99],{"class":41},[31,50052,40860],{"class":1561},[31,50054,3490],{"class":41},[14,50056,50057],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[72,50059,50061,11177,50063],{"id":50060},"isinstance-vs-type",[28,50062,45413],{},[28,50064,2878],{},[14,50066,11182,50067,4975,50069,50073],{},[28,50068,45413],{},[264,50070,50071],{"href":2875},[28,50072,2878],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[613,50075,50077],{"id":50076},"typevalue-int",[28,50078,50079],{},"type(value) == int",[14,50081,50082],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[21,50084,50086],{"className":23,"code":50085,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[28,50087,50088,50096],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50089,50090,50092,50094],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50091,3022],{"class":37},[31,50093,89],{"class":88},[31,50095,3163],{"class":95},[31,50097,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50099,134],{"class":133},[31,50101,137],{"class":41},[31,50103,1562],{"class":1561},[31,50105,137],{"class":41},[31,50107,3049],{"class":140},[31,50109,4238],{"class":41},[31,50111,6993],{"class":88},[31,50113,45884],{"class":1561},[31,50115,120],{"class":41},[613,50117,50119],{"id":50118},"isinstancevalue-int",[28,50120,50121],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,50123,50124],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[21,50126,50128],{"className":23,"code":50127,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[28,50129,50130,50138],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50131,50132,50134,50136],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50133,3022],{"class":37},[31,50135,89],{"class":88},[31,50137,3163],{"class":95},[31,50139,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50141,134],{"class":133},[31,50143,137],{"class":41},[31,50145,49484],{"class":133},[31,50147,137],{"class":41},[31,50149,3049],{"class":140},[31,50151,99],{"class":41},[31,50153,45884],{"class":1561},[31,50155,1569],{"class":41},[14,50157,50158,50159,50161],{},"For beginners, ",[28,50160,45413],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,50163,50164],{},"In everyday code:",[228,50166,50167,50172],{},[231,50168,40595,50169,50171],{},[28,50170,2878],{}," when you need the exact type",[231,50173,40595,50174,50176],{},[28,50175,45413],{}," when you want a practical type check",[72,50178,50180],{"id":50179},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,50182,50183,50184,70],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[28,50185,45413],{},[613,50187,50189],{"id":50188},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[21,50191,50193],{"className":23,"code":50192,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[28,50194,50195,50213,50232,50244,50249,50267,50278,50282,50294,50298,50322],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50196,50197,50199,50202,50204,50206,50208,50211],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50198,35456],{"class":1596},[31,50200,50201],{"class":35459}," repeat_text",[31,50203,137],{"class":41},[31,50205,35313],{"class":38267},[31,50207,99],{"class":41},[31,50209,50210],{"class":38267}," count",[31,50212,8931],{"class":41},[31,50214,50215,50217,50219,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50216,6983],{"class":4457},[31,50218,8688],{"class":88},[31,50220,50221],{"class":133}," isinstance",[31,50223,137],{"class":41},[31,50225,35313],{"class":140},[31,50227,99],{"class":41},[31,50229,49513],{"class":1561},[31,50231,8931],{"class":41},[31,50233,50234,50237,50239,50242],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50235,50236],{"class":4457},"        return",[31,50238,271],{"class":259},[31,50240,50241],{"class":263},"text must be a string",[31,50243,3934],{"class":259},[31,50245,50246],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,50247,50248],{"class":37},"    \n",[31,50250,50251,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,50252,6983],{"class":4457},[31,50254,8688],{"class":88},[31,50256,50221],{"class":133},[31,50258,137],{"class":41},[31,50260,41865],{"class":140},[31,50262,99],{"class":41},[31,50264,45884],{"class":1561},[31,50266,8931],{"class":41},[31,50268,50269,50271,50273,50276],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,50270,50236],{"class":4457},[31,50272,271],{"class":259},[31,50274,50275],{"class":263},"count must be an integer",[31,50277,3934],{"class":259},[31,50279,50280],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,50281,50248],{"class":37},[31,50283,50284,50286,50289,50291],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,50285,35467],{"class":4457},[31,50287,50288],{"class":37}," text ",[31,50290,40478],{"class":88},[31,50292,50293],{"class":37}," count\n",[31,50295,50296],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,50297,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50299,50300,50302,50304,50307,50309,50311,50314,50316,50318,50320],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,50301,134],{"class":133},[31,50303,137],{"class":41},[31,50305,50306],{"class":140},"repeat_text",[31,50308,137],{"class":41},[31,50310,260],{"class":259},[31,50312,50313],{"class":263},"Hi ",[31,50315,260],{"class":259},[31,50317,99],{"class":41},[31,50319,3027],{"class":95},[31,50321,1569],{"class":41},[31,50323,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346],{"class":33,"line":12188},[31,50325,134],{"class":133},[31,50327,137],{"class":41},[31,50329,50306],{"class":140},[31,50331,137],{"class":41},[31,50333,260],{"class":259},[31,50335,50313],{"class":263},[31,50337,260],{"class":259},[31,50339,99],{"class":41},[31,50341,271],{"class":259},[31,50343,173],{"class":263},[31,50345,260],{"class":259},[31,50347,1569],{"class":41},[14,50349,358],{},[21,50351,50353],{"className":23,"code":50352,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[28,50354,50355,50360],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50356,50357],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50358,50359],{"class":37},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[31,50361,50362],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50363,50364],{"class":37},"count must be an integer\n",[14,50366,50367],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[613,50369,50371],{"id":50370},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[21,50373,50375],{"className":23,"code":50374,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[28,50376,50377,50409,50413,50429,50444,50461],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50378,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50380,3022],{"class":37},[31,50382,89],{"class":88},[31,50384,4200],{"class":41},[31,50386,260],{"class":259},[31,50388,264],{"class":263},[31,50390,260],{"class":259},[31,50392,99],{"class":41},[31,50394,271],{"class":259},[31,50396,274],{"class":263},[31,50398,260],{"class":259},[31,50400,99],{"class":41},[31,50402,271],{"class":259},[31,50404,283],{"class":263},[31,50406,260],{"class":259},[31,50408,59],{"class":41},[31,50410,50411],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50412,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50414,50415,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425,50427],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50416,7584],{"class":4457},[31,50418,50221],{"class":133},[31,50420,137],{"class":41},[31,50422,3049],{"class":140},[31,50424,99],{"class":41},[31,50426,49513],{"class":1561},[31,50428,8931],{"class":41},[31,50430,50431,50433,50435,50437,50440,50442],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,50432,8657],{"class":133},[31,50434,137],{"class":41},[31,50436,260],{"class":259},[31,50438,50439],{"class":263},"This is text",[31,50441,260],{"class":259},[31,50443,120],{"class":41},[31,50445,50446,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,50447,50448],{"class":4457},"elif",[31,50450,50221],{"class":133},[31,50452,137],{"class":41},[31,50454,3049],{"class":140},[31,50456,99],{"class":41},[31,50458,23159],{"class":1561},[31,50460,8931],{"class":41},[31,50462,50463,50465,50467,50469,50472,50474],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,50464,8657],{"class":133},[31,50466,137],{"class":41},[31,50468,260],{"class":259},[31,50470,50471],{"class":263},"This is a list",[31,50473,260],{"class":259},[31,50475,120],{"class":41},[14,50477,358],{},[21,50479,50481],{"className":23,"code":50480,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"This is a list\n",[28,50482,50483],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50484,50485,50488,50490,50492],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50486,50487],{"class":37},"This ",[31,50489,12788],{"class":88},[31,50491,45152],{"class":37},[31,50493,50494],{"class":1561},"list\n",[613,50496,50498],{"id":50497},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[21,50500,50502],{"className":23,"code":50501,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[28,50503,50504,50516,50520,50536,50550],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50505,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50507,3022],{"class":37},[31,50509,89],{"class":88},[31,50511,271],{"class":259},[31,50513,47134],{"class":263},[31,50515,3934],{"class":259},[31,50517,50518],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50519,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50521,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50523,7584],{"class":4457},[31,50525,50221],{"class":133},[31,50527,137],{"class":41},[31,50529,3049],{"class":140},[31,50531,99],{"class":41},[31,50533,49513],{"class":1561},[31,50535,8931],{"class":41},[31,50537,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,50539,42496],{"class":37},[31,50541,89],{"class":88},[31,50543,45884],{"class":1561},[31,50545,137],{"class":41},[31,50547,3049],{"class":140},[31,50549,120],{"class":41},[31,50551,50552,50554,50556,50558],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,50553,8657],{"class":133},[31,50555,137],{"class":41},[31,50557,2816],{"class":140},[31,50559,120],{"class":41},[14,50561,358],{},[21,50563,50564],{"className":23,"code":47220,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,50565,50566],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50567,50568],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50569,47220],{"class":95},[14,50571,50572],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[613,50574,50576],{"id":50575},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[21,50578,50580],{"className":23,"code":50579,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[28,50581,50582,50606,50610,50626],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50583,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602,50604],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50585,3022],{"class":37},[31,50587,89],{"class":88},[31,50589,11082],{"class":41},[31,50591,260],{"class":259},[31,50593,8256],{"class":263},[31,50595,260],{"class":259},[31,50597,48],{"class":41},[31,50599,271],{"class":259},[31,50601,13476],{"class":263},[31,50603,260],{"class":259},[31,50605,9900],{"class":41},[31,50607,50608],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50609,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50611,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50613,7584],{"class":4457},[31,50615,50221],{"class":133},[31,50617,137],{"class":41},[31,50619,3049],{"class":140},[31,50621,99],{"class":41},[31,50623,9762],{"class":1561},[31,50625,8931],{"class":41},[31,50627,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,50629,8657],{"class":133},[31,50631,137],{"class":41},[31,50633,3049],{"class":140},[31,50635,42],{"class":41},[31,50637,260],{"class":259},[31,50639,8256],{"class":263},[31,50641,260],{"class":259},[31,50643,566],{"class":41},[14,50645,358],{},[21,50647,50649],{"className":23,"code":50648,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana\n",[28,50650,50651],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50652,50653],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50654,50648],{"class":37},[14,50656,50657,50658,50660],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[28,50659,3583],{}," messages later.",[72,50662,5101],{"id":5100},[613,50664,50666,50667,11685,50670],{"id":50665},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[28,50668,50669],{},"\"int\"",[28,50671,2765],{},[14,50673,17241],{},[21,50675,50677],{"className":23,"code":50676,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[28,50678,50679,50687],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50680,50681,50683,50685],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50682,3022],{"class":37},[31,50684,89],{"class":88},[31,50686,3163],{"class":95},[31,50688,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50690,134],{"class":133},[31,50692,137],{"class":41},[31,50694,49484],{"class":133},[31,50696,137],{"class":41},[31,50698,3049],{"class":140},[31,50700,99],{"class":41},[31,50702,271],{"class":259},[31,50704,2765],{"class":263},[31,50706,260],{"class":259},[31,50708,1569],{"class":41},[14,50710,50711,50713],{},[28,50712,50669],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50715,17253],{},[21,50717,50718],{"className":23,"code":50127,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,50719,50720,50728],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50721,50722,50724,50726],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50723,3022],{"class":37},[31,50725,89],{"class":88},[31,50727,3163],{"class":95},[31,50729,50730,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742,50744],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50731,134],{"class":133},[31,50733,137],{"class":41},[31,50735,49484],{"class":133},[31,50737,137],{"class":41},[31,50739,3049],{"class":140},[31,50741,99],{"class":41},[31,50743,45884],{"class":1561},[31,50745,1569],{"class":41},[613,50747,50749],{"id":50748},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50751,17241],{},[21,50753,50755],{"className":23,"code":50754,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[28,50756,50757,50765],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50758,50759,50761,50763],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50760,3022],{"class":37},[31,50762,89],{"class":88},[31,50764,35447],{"class":95},[31,50766,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50768,134],{"class":133},[31,50770,137],{"class":41},[31,50772,49484],{"class":133},[31,50774,137],{"class":41},[31,50776,3049],{"class":140},[31,50778,99],{"class":41},[31,50780,4200],{"class":41},[31,50782,2765],{"class":1561},[31,50784,99],{"class":41},[31,50786,40860],{"class":1561},[31,50788,2399],{"class":41},[14,50790,50791],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50793,17253],{},[21,50795,50797],{"className":23,"code":50796,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[28,50798,50799,50807],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50800,50801,50803,50805],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50802,3022],{"class":37},[31,50804,89],{"class":88},[31,50806,35447],{"class":95},[31,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50810,134],{"class":133},[31,50812,137],{"class":41},[31,50814,49484],{"class":133},[31,50816,137],{"class":41},[31,50818,3049],{"class":140},[31,50820,99],{"class":41},[31,50822,92],{"class":41},[31,50824,2765],{"class":1561},[31,50826,99],{"class":41},[31,50828,40860],{"class":1561},[31,50830,3490],{"class":41},[613,50832,26375,50834,50836],{"id":50833},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[28,50835,45413],{}," converts a value",[14,50838,19512],{},[21,50840,50842],{"className":23,"code":50841,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,50843,50844,50857,50875,50879],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50845,50846,50848,50850,50852,50855],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50847,3022],{"class":37},[31,50849,89],{"class":88},[31,50851,271],{"class":259},[31,50853,50854],{"class":263},"123",[31,50856,3934],{"class":259},[31,50858,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50860,1522],{"class":37},[31,50862,89],{"class":88},[31,50864,50221],{"class":133},[31,50866,137],{"class":41},[31,50868,3049],{"class":140},[31,50870,99],{"class":41},[31,50872,45884],{"class":1561},[31,50874,120],{"class":41},[31,50876,50877],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50878,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,50882,134],{"class":133},[31,50884,137],{"class":41},[31,50886,1550],{"class":140},[31,50888,120],{"class":41},[14,50890,358],{},[21,50892,50893],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,50894,50895],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50896,50897],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50898,4621],{"class":4432},[14,50900,50901,50902,50905,50906,50908],{},"This does not convert ",[28,50903,50904],{},"\"123\""," into ",[28,50907,50854],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50910,50911,50912,7217],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[28,50913,50914],{},"int(value)",[613,50916,50918],{"id":50917},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50920,50921,50923],{},[28,50922,45413],{}," does not modify anything.",[21,50925,50927],{"className":23,"code":50926,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[28,50928,50929,50941,50945,50963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50930,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50932,3022],{"class":37},[31,50934,89],{"class":88},[31,50936,271],{"class":259},[31,50938,14155],{"class":263},[31,50940,3934],{"class":259},[31,50942,50943],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50944,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,50946,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,50948,134],{"class":133},[31,50950,137],{"class":41},[31,50952,49484],{"class":133},[31,50954,137],{"class":41},[31,50956,3049],{"class":140},[31,50958,99],{"class":41},[31,50960,49513],{"class":1561},[31,50962,1569],{"class":41},[31,50964,50965,50967,50969,50971],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,50966,134],{"class":133},[31,50968,137],{"class":41},[31,50970,3049],{"class":140},[31,50972,120],{"class":41},[14,50974,358],{},[21,50976,50978],{"className":23,"code":50977,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\n100\n",[28,50979,50980,50984],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,50981,50982],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,50983,4560],{"class":4432},[31,50985,50986],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,50987,47871],{"class":95},[14,50989,50990],{},"The value stays the same.",[72,50992,26543],{"id":26542},[14,50994,50995],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[21,50997,50999],{"className":23,"code":50998,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[28,51000,51001,51015,51033,51057],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51002,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51004,134],{"class":133},[31,51006,137],{"class":41},[31,51008,1562],{"class":1561},[31,51010,137],{"class":41},[31,51012,3049],{"class":140},[31,51014,1569],{"class":41},[31,51016,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51018,134],{"class":133},[31,51020,137],{"class":41},[31,51022,49484],{"class":133},[31,51024,137],{"class":41},[31,51026,3049],{"class":140},[31,51028,99],{"class":41},[31,51030,45884],{"class":1561},[31,51032,1569],{"class":41},[31,51034,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,51036,134],{"class":133},[31,51038,137],{"class":41},[31,51040,49484],{"class":133},[31,51042,137],{"class":41},[31,51044,3049],{"class":140},[31,51046,99],{"class":41},[31,51048,92],{"class":41},[31,51050,2765],{"class":1561},[31,51052,99],{"class":41},[31,51054,40860],{"class":1561},[31,51056,3490],{"class":41},[31,51058,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,51060,134],{"class":133},[31,51062,137],{"class":41},[31,51064,42385],{"class":133},[31,51066,137],{"class":41},[31,51068,3049],{"class":140},[31,51070,1569],{"class":41},[14,51072,51073],{},"These can help when:",[228,51075,51076,51079,51084,51087],{},[231,51077,51078],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[231,51080,51081,51082],{},"you are getting a ",[28,51083,3583],{},[231,51085,51086],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[231,51088,51089,51090,51092],{},"the second argument to ",[28,51091,45413],{}," is invalid",[14,51094,51095],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[228,51097,51098,51112,51118,51123],{},[231,51099,51100,51101,3456,51104,51107,51108,3456,51110],{},"using ",[28,51102,51103],{},"'int'",[28,51105,51106],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[28,51109,2765],{},[28,51111,4019],{},[231,51113,51114,51115,51117],{},"expecting ",[28,51116,45413],{}," to convert a value",[231,51119,51100,51120,51122],{},[28,51121,2878],{}," when inherited types should also match",[231,51124,51125],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,51127,51128,51129,70],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[264,51130,51132,51133],{"href":51131},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[28,51134,51135],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[72,51137,2435],{"id":2434},[613,51139,2453,51141,5727],{"id":51140},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[28,51142,45413],{},[14,51144,5730,51145,51147,51148,70],{},[28,51146,4181],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[28,51149,4251],{},[613,51151,5752,51153,51155],{"id":51152},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[28,51154,45413],{}," check more than one type?",[14,51157,51158,51159,70],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[28,51160,51161],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[613,51163,5762,51165,4975,51167,2466],{"id":51164},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[28,51166,45413],{},[28,51168,2878],{},[14,51170,51171,51173,51174,51176],{},[28,51172,2878],{}," gives the exact type. ",[28,51175,45413],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[613,51178,13299,51180,51182],{"id":51179},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[28,51181,45413],{}," convert a value?",[14,51184,51185],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[72,51187,2475],{"id":2474},[228,51189,51190,51196,51200,51205,51210],{},[231,51191,51192],{},[264,51193,4152,51194,4085],{"href":2875},[28,51195,2878],{},[231,51197,51198],{},[264,51199,45405],{"href":49586},[231,51201,51202],{},[264,51203,51204],{"href":3540},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[231,51206,51207],{},[264,51208,51209],{"href":49589},"What is a data type in Python?",[231,51211,51212],{},[264,51213,51132,51214],{"href":51131},[28,51215,51135],{},[2499,51217,51218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":51220},[51221,51222,51224,51227,51231,51232,51237,51243,51251,51252,51262],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":49526,"depth":123,"text":51223},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":51225},[51226],{"id":49617,"depth":130,"text":49618},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068,"children":51228},[51229,51230],{"id":49705,"depth":130,"text":49706},{"id":49776,"depth":130,"text":49777},{"id":49863,"depth":123,"text":49864},{"id":50060,"depth":123,"text":51233,"children":51234},"isinstance() vs type()",[51235,51236],{"id":50076,"depth":130,"text":50079},{"id":50118,"depth":130,"text":50121},{"id":50179,"depth":123,"text":50180,"children":51238},[51239,51240,51241,51242],{"id":50188,"depth":130,"text":50189},{"id":50370,"depth":130,"text":50371},{"id":50497,"depth":130,"text":50498},{"id":50575,"depth":130,"text":50576},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":51244},[51245,51247,51248,51250],{"id":50665,"depth":130,"text":51246},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50748,"depth":130,"text":50749},{"id":50833,"depth":130,"text":51249},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50917,"depth":130,"text":50918},{"id":26542,"depth":123,"text":26543},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":51253},[51254,51256,51258,51260],{"id":51140,"depth":130,"text":51255},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51152,"depth":130,"text":51257},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51164,"depth":130,"text":51259},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51179,"depth":130,"text":51261},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49427,"description":51263},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51269,"title":51270,"body":51271,"description":53243,"extension":2542,"meta":53244,"navigation":126,"path":53245,"seo":53246,"stem":53247,"__hash__":53248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51272,"toc":53218},[51273,51276,51281,51286,51300,51303,51305,51380,51385,51389,51394,51397,51411,51413,51578,51591,51593,51595,51610,51613,51616,51629,51631,51729,51733,51739,51742,51751,51753,51788,51793,51814,51819,51824,51856,51859,51916,51920,51926,51929,51982,51984,52024,52027,52095,52098,52149,52156,52160,52166,52251,52257,52263,52312,52315,52318,52368,52370,52375,52379,52429,52433,52480,52484,52561,52565,52630,52633,52637,52642,52647,52659,52661,52680,52686,52689,52708,52713,52740,52747,52751,52757,52760,52855,52858,52861,52910,52915,52917,52921,52956,52959,53016,53026,53029,53063,53066,53068,53072,53075,53079,53082,53086,53089,53093,53106,53110,53115,53117,53167,53179,53181,53215],[10,51274,51270],{"id":51275},"python-len-function-explained",[14,51277,9714,51278,51280],{},[28,51279,42967],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,51282,36011,51283,51285],{},[28,51284,42967],{}," to count:",[228,51287,51288,51291,51294,51297],{},[231,51289,51290],{},"characters in a string",[231,51292,51293],{},"items in a list or tuple",[231,51295,51296],{},"keys in a dictionary",[231,51298,51299],{},"unique items in a set",[14,51301,51302],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[72,51304,75],{"id":74},[21,51306,51308],{"className":23,"code":51307,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[28,51309,51310,51322,51342,51346,51363],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51311,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51313,35292],{"class":37},[31,51315,89],{"class":88},[31,51317,271],{"class":259},[31,51319,4425],{"class":263},[31,51321,3934],{"class":259},[31,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51325,8368],{"class":37},[31,51327,89],{"class":88},[31,51329,4200],{"class":41},[31,51331,96],{"class":95},[31,51333,99],{"class":41},[31,51335,102],{"class":95},[31,51337,99],{"class":41},[31,51339,107],{"class":95},[31,51341,59],{"class":41},[31,51343,51344],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,51345,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,51347,51348,51350,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,51349,134],{"class":133},[31,51351,137],{"class":41},[31,51353,2408],{"class":133},[31,51355,137],{"class":41},[31,51357,35313],{"class":140},[31,51359,5945],{"class":41},[31,51361,51362],{"class":157},"   # 5\n",[31,51364,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,51366,134],{"class":133},[31,51368,137],{"class":41},[31,51370,2408],{"class":133},[31,51372,137],{"class":41},[31,51374,8397],{"class":140},[31,51376,5945],{"class":41},[31,51378,51379],{"class":157},"  # 3\n",[14,51381,2668,51382,51384],{},[28,51383,42967],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[72,51386,51388],{"id":51387},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,51390,51391,51393],{},[28,51392,42967],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,51395,51396],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[228,51398,51399,51402,51405,51408],{},[231,51400,51401],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[231,51403,51404],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[231,51406,51407],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[231,51409,51410],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,51412,242],{},[21,51414,51416],{"className":23,"code":51415,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[28,51417,51418,51430,51454,51486,51506,51510,51527,51544,51561],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51419,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51421,8464],{"class":37},[31,51423,89],{"class":88},[31,51425,271],{"class":259},[31,51427,8265],{"class":263},[31,51429,3934],{"class":259},[31,51431,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51433,85],{"class":37},[31,51435,89],{"class":88},[31,51437,4200],{"class":41},[31,51439,96],{"class":95},[31,51441,99],{"class":41},[31,51443,102],{"class":95},[31,51445,99],{"class":41},[31,51447,107],{"class":95},[31,51449,99],{"class":41},[31,51451,112],{"class":95},[31,51453,59],{"class":41},[31,51455,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,51457,9757],{"class":37},[31,51459,89],{"class":88},[31,51461,11082],{"class":41},[31,51463,260],{"class":259},[31,51465,264],{"class":263},[31,51467,260],{"class":259},[31,51469,48],{"class":41},[31,51471,6082],{"class":95},[31,51473,99],{"class":41},[31,51475,271],{"class":259},[31,51477,274],{"class":263},[31,51479,260],{"class":259},[31,51481,48],{"class":41},[31,51483,3571],{"class":95},[31,51485,9900],{"class":41},[31,51487,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,51489,4402],{"class":37},[31,51491,89],{"class":88},[31,51493,11082],{"class":41},[31,51495,559],{"class":95},[31,51497,99],{"class":41},[31,51499,38248],{"class":95},[31,51501,99],{"class":41},[31,51503,6578],{"class":95},[31,51505,9900],{"class":41},[31,51507,51508],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,51509,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,51511,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,51513,134],{"class":133},[31,51515,137],{"class":41},[31,51517,2408],{"class":133},[31,51519,137],{"class":41},[31,51521,8256],{"class":140},[31,51523,5945],{"class":41},[31,51525,51526],{"class":157},"     # 3\n",[31,51528,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,51530,134],{"class":133},[31,51532,137],{"class":41},[31,51534,2408],{"class":133},[31,51536,137],{"class":41},[31,51538,141],{"class":140},[31,51540,5945],{"class":41},[31,51542,51543],{"class":157},"  # 4\n",[31,51545,51546,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,51547,134],{"class":133},[31,51549,137],{"class":41},[31,51551,2408],{"class":133},[31,51553,137],{"class":41},[31,51555,9796],{"class":140},[31,51557,5945],{"class":41},[31,51559,51560],{"class":157},"     # 2\n",[31,51562,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,51564,134],{"class":133},[31,51566,137],{"class":41},[31,51568,2408],{"class":133},[31,51570,137],{"class":41},[31,51572,5942],{"class":140},[31,51574,5945],{"class":41},[31,51576,51577],{"class":157},"   # 3\n",[14,51579,51580,51581,2766,51585,17670,51589,70],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[264,51582,51584],{"href":51583},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[264,51586,51588],{"href":51587},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[264,51590,9747],{"href":9746},[72,51592,2733],{"id":2732},[14,51594,2736],{},[21,51596,51598],{"className":23,"code":51597,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"len(object)\n",[28,51599,51600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51603,2408],{"class":133},[31,51605,137],{"class":41},[31,51607,43005],{"class":1561},[31,51609,120],{"class":41},[14,51611,51612],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51614,51615],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[228,51617,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626],{},[231,51619,38512],{},[231,51621,38506],{},[231,51623,38509],{},[231,51625,38515],{},[231,51627,51628],{},"a dictionary",[14,51630,242],{},[21,51632,51634],{"className":23,"code":51633,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[28,51635,51636,51657,51681,51703],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51639,134],{"class":133},[31,51641,137],{"class":41},[31,51643,2408],{"class":133},[31,51645,137],{"class":41},[31,51647,260],{"class":259},[31,51649,25],{"class":263},[31,51651,260],{"class":259},[31,51653,5945],{"class":41},[31,51655,51656],{"class":157},"      # 6\n",[31,51658,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673,51675,51677,51679],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51660,134],{"class":133},[31,51662,137],{"class":41},[31,51664,2408],{"class":133},[31,51666,3564],{"class":41},[31,51668,146],{"class":95},[31,51670,99],{"class":41},[31,51672,3571],{"class":95},[31,51674,99],{"class":41},[31,51676,3027],{"class":95},[31,51678,5318],{"class":41},[31,51680,51526],{"class":157},[31,51682,51683,51685,51687,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697,51700],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,51684,134],{"class":133},[31,51686,137],{"class":41},[31,51688,2408],{"class":133},[31,51690,6095],{"class":41},[31,51692,96],{"class":95},[31,51694,99],{"class":41},[31,51696,102],{"class":95},[31,51698,51699],{"class":41},")))",[31,51701,51702],{"class":157},"      # 2\n",[31,51704,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51726],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,51706,134],{"class":133},[31,51708,137],{"class":41},[31,51710,2408],{"class":133},[31,51712,6114],{"class":41},[31,51714,260],{"class":259},[31,51716,2750],{"class":263},[31,51718,260],{"class":259},[31,51720,48],{"class":41},[31,51722,6082],{"class":95},[31,51724,51725],{"class":41},"}))",[31,51727,51728],{"class":157},"      # 1\n",[72,51730,51732],{"id":51731},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51734,51735,51736,51738],{},"When you use ",[28,51737,42967],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51740,51741],{},"That includes:",[228,51743,51744,51746,51748],{},[231,51745,353],{},[231,51747,11043],{},[231,51749,51750],{},"punctuation",[14,51752,242],{},[21,51754,51756],{"className":23,"code":51755,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[28,51757,51758,51771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51759,51760,51762,51764,51766,51769],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51761,35292],{"class":37},[31,51763,89],{"class":88},[31,51765,271],{"class":259},[31,51767,51768],{"class":263},"Hi there!",[31,51770,3934],{"class":259},[31,51772,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51774,134],{"class":133},[31,51776,137],{"class":41},[31,51778,2408],{"class":133},[31,51780,137],{"class":41},[31,51782,35313],{"class":140},[31,51784,5945],{"class":41},[31,51786,51787],{"class":157},"  # 9\n",[14,51789,51790,51791,2466],{},"Why is the result ",[28,51792,2719],{},[228,51794,51795,51801,51805,51808],{},[231,51796,51797,51800],{},[28,51798,51799],{},"H"," = 1",[231,51802,51803,51800],{},[28,51804,36758],{},[231,51806,51807],{},"space = 1",[231,51809,51810,51813],{},[28,51811,51812],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51815,51816,51817],{},"Total: ",[28,51818,2719],{},[14,51820,51821,51822,48],{},"An empty string has length ",[28,51823,1243],{},[21,51825,51827],{"className":23,"code":51826,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[28,51828,51829,51838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51830,51831,51834,51836],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51832,51833],{"class":37},"empty_text ",[31,51835,89],{"class":88},[31,51837,8469],{"class":259},[31,51839,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848,51851,51853],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51841,134],{"class":133},[31,51843,137],{"class":41},[31,51845,2408],{"class":133},[31,51847,137],{"class":41},[31,51849,51850],{"class":140},"empty_text",[31,51852,5945],{"class":41},[31,51854,51855],{"class":157},"  # 0\n",[14,51857,51858],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[21,51860,51862],{"className":23,"code":51861,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[28,51863,51864,51877,51881,51901],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51865,51866,51869,51871,51873,51875],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51867,51868],{"class":37},"user_name ",[31,51870,89],{"class":88},[31,51872,271],{"class":259},[31,51874,5587],{"class":263},[31,51876,3934],{"class":259},[31,51878,51879],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51880,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,51882,51883,51885,51887,51889,51892,51894,51897,51899],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,51884,7584],{"class":4457},[31,51886,38991],{"class":133},[31,51888,137],{"class":41},[31,51890,51891],{"class":140},"user_name",[31,51893,4238],{"class":41},[31,51895,51896],{"class":88}," >=",[31,51898,3027],{"class":95},[31,51900,6978],{"class":41},[31,51902,51903,51905,51907,51909,51912,51914],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,51904,8657],{"class":133},[31,51906,137],{"class":41},[31,51908,260],{"class":259},[31,51910,51911],{"class":263},"Name is long enough",[31,51913,260],{"class":259},[31,51915,120],{"class":41},[72,51917,51919],{"id":51918},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51921,51922,51923,51925],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[28,51924,42967],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51927,51928],{},"Example with a list:",[21,51930,51932],{"className":23,"code":51931,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[28,51933,51934,51966],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51935,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954,51956,51958,51960,51962,51964],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51937,13672],{"class":37},[31,51939,89],{"class":88},[31,51941,4200],{"class":41},[31,51943,260],{"class":259},[31,51945,13689],{"class":263},[31,51947,260],{"class":259},[31,51949,99],{"class":41},[31,51951,271],{"class":259},[31,51953,18054],{"class":263},[31,51955,260],{"class":259},[31,51957,99],{"class":41},[31,51959,271],{"class":259},[31,51961,13706],{"class":263},[31,51963,260],{"class":259},[31,51965,59],{"class":41},[31,51967,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,51969,134],{"class":133},[31,51971,137],{"class":41},[31,51973,2408],{"class":133},[31,51975,137],{"class":41},[31,51977,18101],{"class":140},[31,51979,5945],{"class":41},[31,51981,51379],{"class":157},[14,51983,38521],{},[21,51985,51987],{"className":23,"code":51986,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[28,51988,51989,52006],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,51990,51991,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,51992,51993],{"class":37},"point ",[31,51995,89],{"class":88},[31,51997,92],{"class":41},[31,51999,96],{"class":95},[31,52001,99],{"class":41},[31,52003,102],{"class":95},[31,52005,120],{"class":41},[31,52007,52008,52010,52012,52014,52016,52019,52021],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52009,134],{"class":133},[31,52011,137],{"class":41},[31,52013,2408],{"class":133},[31,52015,137],{"class":41},[31,52017,52018],{"class":140},"point",[31,52020,5945],{"class":41},[31,52022,52023],{"class":157},"  # 2\n",[14,52025,52026],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[21,52028,52030],{"className":23,"code":52029,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[28,52031,52032,52056,52060,52078],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52033,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046,52048,52050,52052,52054],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52035,8368],{"class":37},[31,52037,89],{"class":88},[31,52039,4200],{"class":41},[31,52041,260],{"class":259},[31,52043,4660],{"class":263},[31,52045,260],{"class":259},[31,52047,99],{"class":41},[31,52049,271],{"class":259},[31,52051,4669],{"class":263},[31,52053,260],{"class":259},[31,52055,59],{"class":41},[31,52057,52058],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52059,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52061,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072,52074,52076],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52063,7584],{"class":4457},[31,52065,38991],{"class":133},[31,52067,137],{"class":41},[31,52069,8397],{"class":140},[31,52071,4238],{"class":41},[31,52073,39001],{"class":88},[31,52075,6082],{"class":95},[31,52077,6978],{"class":41},[31,52079,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52081,8657],{"class":133},[31,52083,137],{"class":41},[31,52085,8397],{"class":140},[31,52087,42],{"class":41},[31,52089,146],{"class":95},[31,52091,154],{"class":41},[31,52093,52094],{"class":157},"  # banana\n",[14,52096,52097],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[21,52099,52101],{"className":23,"code":52100,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[28,52102,52103,52126],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52104,52105,52107,52109,52111,52114,52116,52119,52121,52124],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52106,5647],{"class":37},[31,52108,89],{"class":88},[31,52110,4200],{"class":41},[31,52112,52113],{"class":95},"88",[31,52115,99],{"class":41},[31,52117,52118],{"class":95}," 91",[31,52120,99],{"class":41},[31,52122,52123],{"class":95}," 75",[31,52125,59],{"class":41},[31,52127,52128,52130,52132,52134,52137,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52129,134],{"class":133},[31,52131,137],{"class":41},[31,52133,260],{"class":259},[31,52135,52136],{"class":263},"Number of scores:",[31,52138,260],{"class":259},[31,52140,99],{"class":41},[31,52142,38991],{"class":133},[31,52144,137],{"class":41},[31,52146,16986],{"class":140},[31,52148,1569],{"class":41},[14,52150,52151,52152,70],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[264,52153,52155],{"href":52154},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[72,52157,52159],{"id":52158},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,52161,52162,52163,52165],{},"For dictionaries, ",[28,52164,42967],{}," counts keys.",[21,52167,52169],{"className":23,"code":52168,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[28,52170,52171,52179,52197,52211,52227,52231,52235],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52172,52173,52175,52177],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52174,13459],{"class":37},[31,52176,89],{"class":88},[31,52178,12086],{"class":41},[31,52180,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193,52195],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52182,12091],{"class":259},[31,52184,8256],{"class":263},[31,52186,260],{"class":259},[31,52188,48],{"class":41},[31,52190,271],{"class":259},[31,52192,8509],{"class":263},[31,52194,260],{"class":259},[31,52196,12107],{"class":41},[31,52198,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52200,12091],{"class":259},[31,52202,9890],{"class":263},[31,52204,260],{"class":259},[31,52206,48],{"class":41},[31,52208,31546],{"class":95},[31,52210,12107],{"class":41},[31,52212,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223,52225],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52214,12091],{"class":259},[31,52216,20490],{"class":263},[31,52218,260],{"class":259},[31,52220,48],{"class":41},[31,52222,271],{"class":259},[31,52224,22844],{"class":263},[31,52226,3934],{"class":259},[31,52228,52229],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,52230,9900],{"class":41},[31,52232,52233],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,52234,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52236,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,52238,134],{"class":133},[31,52240,137],{"class":41},[31,52242,2408],{"class":133},[31,52244,137],{"class":41},[31,52246,14223],{"class":140},[31,52248,5945],{"class":41},[31,52250,51379],{"class":157},[14,52252,52253,52254,52256],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[28,52255,42967],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,52258,52259,52260,52262],{},"For sets, ",[28,52261,42967],{}," counts unique items:",[21,52264,52266],{"className":23,"code":52265,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[28,52267,52268,52296],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52269,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52271,85],{"class":37},[31,52273,89],{"class":88},[31,52275,11082],{"class":41},[31,52277,146],{"class":95},[31,52279,99],{"class":41},[31,52281,3571],{"class":95},[31,52283,99],{"class":41},[31,52285,3027],{"class":95},[31,52287,99],{"class":41},[31,52289,3027],{"class":95},[31,52291,99],{"class":41},[31,52293,3571],{"class":95},[31,52295,9900],{"class":41},[31,52297,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52299,134],{"class":133},[31,52301,137],{"class":41},[31,52303,2408],{"class":133},[31,52305,137],{"class":41},[31,52307,141],{"class":140},[31,52309,5945],{"class":41},[31,52311,51379],{"class":157},[14,52313,52314],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,52316,52317],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[21,52319,52321],{"className":23,"code":52320,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[28,52322,52323,52331,52335,52353],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52324,52325,52327,52329],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52326,9757],{"class":37},[31,52328,89],{"class":88},[31,52330,10429],{"class":41},[31,52332,52333],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52334,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52336,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52338,7584],{"class":4457},[31,52340,38991],{"class":133},[31,52342,137],{"class":41},[31,52344,9796],{"class":140},[31,52346,4238],{"class":41},[31,52348,6993],{"class":88},[31,52350,4413],{"class":95},[31,52352,6978],{"class":41},[31,52354,52355,52357,52359,52361,52364,52366],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52356,8657],{"class":133},[31,52358,137],{"class":41},[31,52360,260],{"class":259},[31,52362,52363],{"class":263},"The dictionary is empty",[31,52365,260],{"class":259},[31,52367,120],{"class":41},[72,52369,41651],{"id":41650},[14,52371,52372,52373,70],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[28,52374,42967],{},[613,52376,52378],{"id":52377},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[21,52380,52382],{"className":23,"code":52381,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[28,52383,52384,52392,52396,52414],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52385,52386,52388,52390],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52387,8368],{"class":37},[31,52389,89],{"class":88},[31,52391,8426],{"class":41},[31,52393,52394],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52395,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52397,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52399,7584],{"class":4457},[31,52401,38991],{"class":133},[31,52403,137],{"class":41},[31,52405,8397],{"class":140},[31,52407,4238],{"class":41},[31,52409,6993],{"class":88},[31,52411,4413],{"class":95},[31,52413,6978],{"class":41},[31,52415,52416,52418,52420,52422,52425,52427],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52417,8657],{"class":133},[31,52419,137],{"class":41},[31,52421,260],{"class":259},[31,52423,52424],{"class":263},"The list is empty",[31,52426,260],{"class":259},[31,52428,120],{"class":41},[613,52430,52432],{"id":52431},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[21,52434,52436],{"className":23,"code":52435,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[28,52437,52438,52457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52439,52440,52442,52444,52446,52448,52450,52453,52455],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52441,6738],{"class":37},[31,52443,89],{"class":88},[31,52445,8831],{"class":133},[31,52447,137],{"class":41},[31,52449,260],{"class":259},[31,52451,52452],{"class":263},"Enter a word: ",[31,52454,260],{"class":259},[31,52456,120],{"class":41},[31,52458,52459,52461,52463,52465,52468,52470,52472,52474,52476,52478],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52460,134],{"class":133},[31,52462,137],{"class":41},[31,52464,260],{"class":259},[31,52466,52467],{"class":263},"Number of characters:",[31,52469,260],{"class":259},[31,52471,99],{"class":41},[31,52473,38991],{"class":133},[31,52475,137],{"class":41},[31,52477,38996],{"class":140},[31,52479,1569],{"class":41},[613,52481,52483],{"id":52482},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[21,52485,52487],{"className":23,"code":52486,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[28,52488,52489,52503,52507,52525,52540,52546],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52490,52491,52494,52496,52498,52501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52492,52493],{"class":37},"password ",[31,52495,89],{"class":88},[31,52497,271],{"class":259},[31,52499,52500],{"class":263},"secret123",[31,52502,3934],{"class":259},[31,52504,52505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52506,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52508,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52510,7584],{"class":4457},[31,52512,38991],{"class":133},[31,52514,137],{"class":41},[31,52516,18220],{"class":140},[31,52518,4238],{"class":41},[31,52520,51896],{"class":88},[31,52522,6944],{"class":95},[31,52524,6978],{"class":41},[31,52526,52527,52529,52531,52533,52536,52538],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52528,8657],{"class":133},[31,52530,137],{"class":41},[31,52532,260],{"class":259},[31,52534,52535],{"class":263},"Password length is valid",[31,52537,260],{"class":259},[31,52539,120],{"class":41},[31,52541,52542,52544],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,52543,28035],{"class":4457},[31,52545,6978],{"class":41},[31,52547,52548,52550,52552,52554,52557,52559],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,52549,8657],{"class":133},[31,52551,137],{"class":41},[31,52553,260],{"class":259},[31,52555,52556],{"class":263},"Password is too short",[31,52558,260],{"class":259},[31,52560,120],{"class":41},[613,52562,52564],{"id":52563},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[21,52566,52568],{"className":23,"code":52567,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[28,52569,52570,52606],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52571,52572,52575,52577,52579,52581,52584,52586,52588,52590,52593,52595,52597,52599,52602,52604],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52573,52574],{"class":37},"results ",[31,52576,89],{"class":88},[31,52578,4200],{"class":41},[31,52580,260],{"class":259},[31,52582,52583],{"class":263},"item1",[31,52585,260],{"class":259},[31,52587,99],{"class":41},[31,52589,271],{"class":259},[31,52591,52592],{"class":263},"item2",[31,52594,260],{"class":259},[31,52596,99],{"class":41},[31,52598,271],{"class":259},[31,52600,52601],{"class":263},"item3",[31,52603,260],{"class":259},[31,52605,59],{"class":41},[31,52607,52608,52610,52612,52614,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52628],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52609,134],{"class":133},[31,52611,137],{"class":41},[31,52613,260],{"class":259},[31,52615,52616],{"class":263},"Items found:",[31,52618,260],{"class":259},[31,52620,99],{"class":41},[31,52622,38991],{"class":133},[31,52624,137],{"class":41},[31,52626,52627],{"class":140},"results",[31,52629,1569],{"class":41},[14,52631,52632],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[72,52634,52636],{"id":52635},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52638,52639,52641],{},[28,52640,42967],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52643,52644,52645,48],{},"These will raise a ",[28,52646,3583],{},[228,52648,52649,52652,52655],{},[231,52650,52651],{},"plain integers",[231,52653,52654],{},"floats",[231,52656,52657],{},[28,52658,4357],{},[14,52660,242],{},[21,52662,52664],{"className":23,"code":52663,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(len(5))\n",[28,52665,52666],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52667,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52669,134],{"class":133},[31,52671,137],{"class":41},[31,52673,2408],{"class":133},[31,52675,137],{"class":41},[31,52677,559],{"class":95},[31,52679,1569],{"class":41},[14,52681,52682,52683,52685],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[28,52684,559],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52687,52688],{},"Another example:",[21,52690,52692],{"className":23,"code":52691,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(len(3.14))\n",[28,52693,52694],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52695,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52697,134],{"class":133},[31,52699,137],{"class":41},[31,52701,2408],{"class":133},[31,52703,137],{"class":41},[31,52705,40748],{"class":95},[31,52707,1569],{"class":41},[14,52709,52710,52711,48],{},"And with ",[28,52712,4357],{},[21,52714,52716],{"className":23,"code":52715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[28,52717,52718,52726],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52719,52720,52722,52724],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52721,3022],{"class":37},[31,52723,89],{"class":88},[31,52725,49136],{"class":4432},[31,52727,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52729,134],{"class":133},[31,52731,137],{"class":41},[31,52733,2408],{"class":133},[31,52735,137],{"class":41},[31,52737,3049],{"class":140},[31,52739,1569],{"class":41},[14,52741,52742,52743,70],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[264,52744,52746],{"href":52745},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[72,52748,52750],{"id":52749},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52752,52753,52754,52756],{},"Before using ",[28,52755,42967],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52758,52759],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[21,52761,52763],{"className":23,"code":52762,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[28,52764,52765,52773,52777,52787,52801,52819,52837],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52766,52767,52769,52771],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52768,3022],{"class":37},[31,52770,89],{"class":88},[31,52772,49136],{"class":4432},[31,52774,52775],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52776,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52778,52779,52781,52783,52785],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52780,134],{"class":133},[31,52782,137],{"class":41},[31,52784,3049],{"class":140},[31,52786,120],{"class":41},[31,52788,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52790,134],{"class":133},[31,52792,137],{"class":41},[31,52794,1562],{"class":1561},[31,52796,137],{"class":41},[31,52798,3049],{"class":140},[31,52800,1569],{"class":41},[31,52802,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,52804,134],{"class":133},[31,52806,137],{"class":41},[31,52808,49484],{"class":133},[31,52810,137],{"class":41},[31,52812,3049],{"class":140},[31,52814,99],{"class":41},[31,52816,49513],{"class":1561},[31,52818,1569],{"class":41},[31,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,52822,134],{"class":133},[31,52824,137],{"class":41},[31,52826,49484],{"class":133},[31,52828,137],{"class":41},[31,52830,3049],{"class":140},[31,52832,99],{"class":41},[31,52834,23159],{"class":1561},[31,52836,1569],{"class":41},[31,52838,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,52840,134],{"class":133},[31,52842,137],{"class":41},[31,52844,49484],{"class":133},[31,52846,137],{"class":41},[31,52848,3049],{"class":140},[31,52850,99],{"class":41},[31,52852,9762],{"class":1561},[31,52854,1569],{"class":41},[14,52856,52857],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52859,52860],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[21,52862,52864],{"className":23,"code":52863,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[28,52865,52866,52878,52882,52896],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52867,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52869,3022],{"class":37},[31,52871,89],{"class":88},[31,52873,271],{"class":259},[31,52875,4425],{"class":263},[31,52877,3934],{"class":259},[31,52879,52880],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,52881,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,52883,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,52885,7584],{"class":4457},[31,52887,22183],{"class":37},[31,52889,12788],{"class":88},[31,52891,8688],{"class":88},[31,52893,4433],{"class":4432},[31,52895,6978],{"class":41},[31,52897,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,52899,8657],{"class":133},[31,52901,137],{"class":41},[31,52903,2408],{"class":133},[31,52905,137],{"class":41},[31,52907,3049],{"class":140},[31,52909,1569],{"class":41},[14,52911,52912,52913,70],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[264,52914,9032],{"href":2875},[72,52916,3407],{"id":3406},[14,52918,23694,52919,48],{},[28,52920,42967],{},[228,52922,52923,52931,52939,52947,52953],{},[231,52924,9007,52925,52927,52928],{},[28,52926,42967],{}," on an integer like ",[28,52929,52930],{},"len(5)",[231,52932,9007,52933,52935,52936],{},[28,52934,42967],{}," on a float like ",[28,52937,52938],{},"len(3.14)",[231,52940,9007,52941,52943,52944,52946],{},[28,52942,42967],{}," on ",[28,52945,4357],{}," after a function returns nothing",[231,52948,5161,52949,52952],{},[28,52950,52951],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[231,52954,52955],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52957,52958],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[21,52960,52962],{"className":23,"code":52961,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[28,52963,52964,53000],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,52965,52966,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,52967,13801],{"class":37},[31,52969,89],{"class":88},[31,52971,11082],{"class":41},[31,52973,260],{"class":259},[31,52975,8256],{"class":263},[31,52977,260],{"class":259},[31,52979,48],{"class":41},[31,52981,271],{"class":259},[31,52983,13476],{"class":263},[31,52985,260],{"class":259},[31,52987,99],{"class":41},[31,52989,271],{"class":259},[31,52991,9890],{"class":263},[31,52993,260],{"class":259},[31,52995,48],{"class":41},[31,52997,102],{"class":95},[31,52999,9900],{"class":41},[31,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53003,134],{"class":133},[31,53005,137],{"class":41},[31,53007,2408],{"class":133},[31,53009,137],{"class":41},[31,53011,17905],{"class":140},[31,53013,5945],{"class":41},[31,53015,52023],{"class":157},[14,53017,38199,53018,53020,53021,4975,53023,70],{},[28,53019,193],{}," because there are two keys: ",[28,53022,15837],{},[28,53024,53025],{},"\"age\"",[14,53027,53028],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[21,53030,53032],{"className":23,"code":53031,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[28,53033,53034,53047],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53035,53036,53038,53040,53042,53045],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53037,35292],{"class":37},[31,53039,89],{"class":88},[31,53041,271],{"class":259},[31,53043,53044],{"class":263},"a b",[31,53046,3934],{"class":259},[31,53048,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53050,134],{"class":133},[31,53052,137],{"class":41},[31,53054,2408],{"class":133},[31,53056,137],{"class":41},[31,53058,35313],{"class":140},[31,53060,5945],{"class":41},[31,53062,51379],{"class":157},[14,53064,53065],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[72,53067,2435],{"id":2434},[613,53069,53071],{"id":53070},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,53073,53074],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[613,53076,53078],{"id":53077},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,53080,53081],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[613,53083,53085],{"id":53084},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,53087,53088],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[613,53090,53092],{"id":53091},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,53094,53095,53096,53098,53099,3456,53101,53103,53104,70],{},"No. Using ",[28,53097,42967],{}," on an ",[28,53100,2765],{},[28,53102,2769],{}," raises a ",[28,53105,3583],{},[613,53107,53109],{"id":53108},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,53111,8351,53112,70],{},[28,53113,53114],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,53116,242],{},[21,53118,53120],{"className":23,"code":53119,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[28,53121,53122,53130,53134,53152],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53123,53124,53126,53128],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53125,8897],{"class":37},[31,53127,89],{"class":88},[31,53129,8426],{"class":41},[31,53131,53132],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53133,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,53135,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,53137,7584],{"class":4457},[31,53139,38991],{"class":133},[31,53141,137],{"class":41},[31,53143,8928],{"class":140},[31,53145,4238],{"class":41},[31,53147,6993],{"class":88},[31,53149,4413],{"class":95},[31,53151,6978],{"class":41},[31,53153,53154,53156,53158,53160,53163,53165],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,53155,8657],{"class":133},[31,53157,137],{"class":41},[31,53159,260],{"class":259},[31,53161,53162],{"class":263},"Empty list",[31,53164,260],{"class":259},[31,53166,120],{"class":41},[14,53168,53169,53170,53172,53173,53175,53176,53178],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[28,53171,4251],{}," in an ",[28,53174,7584],{}," statement, but ",[28,53177,42967],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[72,53180,2475],{"id":2474},[228,53182,53183,53187,53191,53195,53200,53204,53210],{},[231,53184,53185],{},[264,53186,51584],{"href":51583},[231,53188,53189],{},[264,53190,51588],{"href":51587},[231,53192,53193],{},[264,53194,9747],{"href":9746},[231,53196,53197],{},[264,53198,53199],{"href":52154},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[231,53201,53202],{},[264,53203,9032],{"href":2875},[231,53205,53206],{},[264,53207,53209],{"href":53208},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[231,53211,53212],{},[264,53213,53214],{"href":52745},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2499,53216,53217],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":53219},[53220,53221,53222,53223,53224,53225,53226,53232,53233,53234,53235,53242],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":51387,"depth":123,"text":51388},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":51731,"depth":123,"text":51732},{"id":51918,"depth":123,"text":51919},{"id":52158,"depth":123,"text":52159},{"id":41650,"depth":123,"text":41651,"children":53227},[53228,53229,53230,53231],{"id":52377,"depth":130,"text":52378},{"id":52431,"depth":130,"text":52432},{"id":52482,"depth":130,"text":52483},{"id":52563,"depth":130,"text":52564},{"id":52635,"depth":123,"text":52636},{"id":52749,"depth":123,"text":52750},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":53236},[53237,53238,53239,53240,53241],{"id":53070,"depth":130,"text":53071},{"id":53077,"depth":130,"text":53078},{"id":53084,"depth":130,"text":53085},{"id":53091,"depth":130,"text":53092},{"id":53108,"depth":130,"text":53109},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51270,"description":53243},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53250,"title":53251,"body":53252,"description":54937,"extension":2542,"meta":54938,"navigation":126,"path":54939,"seo":54940,"stem":54941,"__hash__":54942},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53253,"toc":54910},[53254,53257,53271,53277,53279,53333,53338,53342,53358,53361,53375,53381,53383,53386,53405,53421,53423,53499,53501,53538,53549,53551,53554,53615,53617,53650,53653,53659,53663,53666,53791,53793,53852,53860,53913,53915,53942,53948,53958,53962,53965,53970,54022,54024,54050,54056,54110,54112,54137,54140,54164,54170,54172,54176,54178,54235,54237,54245,54247,54269,54271,54324,54326,54350,54354,54356,54395,54397,54405,54411,54415,54467,54469,54495,54503,54507,54512,54521,54523,54589,54591,54623,54627,54632,54634,54648,54651,54724,54726,54752,54754,54758,54765,54769,54776,54780,54783,54785,54838,54840,54866,54870,54879,54881,54907],[10,53255,53251],{"id":53256},"python-list-append-method",[14,53258,62,53259,53262,53263,53266,53267,53270],{},[28,53260,53261],{},"append()"," method adds ",[67,53264,53265],{},"one item"," to the ",[67,53268,53269],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,53272,53273,53274,53276],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[67,53275,5213],{}," create a new list.",[72,53278,4186],{"id":4185},[21,53280,53282],{"className":23,"code":53281,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,53283,53284,53304,53318,53328],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53285,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53287,85],{"class":37},[31,53289,89],{"class":88},[31,53291,4200],{"class":41},[31,53293,146],{"class":95},[31,53295,99],{"class":41},[31,53297,3571],{"class":95},[31,53299,99],{"class":41},[31,53301,3027],{"class":95},[31,53303,59],{"class":41},[31,53305,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53307,141],{"class":37},[31,53309,70],{"class":41},[31,53311,14150],{"class":140},[31,53313,137],{"class":41},[31,53315,151],{"class":95},[31,53317,120],{"class":41},[31,53319,53320,53322,53324,53326],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,53321,134],{"class":133},[31,53323,137],{"class":41},[31,53325,141],{"class":140},[31,53327,120],{"class":41},[31,53329,53330],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,53331,53332],{"class":157},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,53334,2668,53335,53337],{},[28,53336,53261],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[72,53339,53341],{"id":53340},"what-append-does","What append() does",[228,53343,53344,53349,53352,53355],{},[231,53345,53346,53348],{},[28,53347,53261],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[231,53350,53351],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[231,53353,53354],{},"It does not create a new list",[231,53356,53357],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,53359,53360],{},"This means you can append:",[228,53362,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373],{},[231,53364,141],{},[231,53366,5892],{},[231,53368,41199],{},[231,53370,5883],{},[231,53372,7838],{},[231,53374,35266],{},[14,53376,53377,53378,70],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[264,53379,53380],{"href":51587},"Python lists explained for beginners",[72,53382,6015],{"id":6014},[14,53384,53385],{},"Basic form:",[21,53387,53389],{"className":23,"code":53388,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.append(item)\n",[28,53390,53391],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53392,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53394,8928],{"class":37},[31,53396,70],{"class":41},[31,53398,14150],{"class":140},[31,53400,137],{"class":41},[31,53402,23910],{"class":140},[31,53404,120],{"class":41},[228,53406,53407,53412,53417],{},[231,53408,53409,53411],{},[28,53410,8928],{}," is the list you want to change",[231,53413,53414,53416],{},[28,53415,23910],{}," is the value or object to add",[231,53418,12505,53419],{},[28,53420,4357],{},[14,53422,242],{},[21,53424,53426],{"className":23,"code":53425,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[28,53427,53428,53452,53475,53479,53489],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53431,36843],{"class":37},[31,53433,89],{"class":88},[31,53435,4200],{"class":41},[31,53437,260],{"class":259},[31,53439,4660],{"class":263},[31,53441,260],{"class":259},[31,53443,99],{"class":41},[31,53445,271],{"class":259},[31,53447,4669],{"class":263},[31,53449,260],{"class":259},[31,53451,59],{"class":41},[31,53453,53454,53456,53458,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53455,1522],{"class":37},[31,53457,89],{"class":88},[31,53459,53460],{"class":37}," fruits",[31,53462,70],{"class":41},[31,53464,14150],{"class":140},[31,53466,137],{"class":41},[31,53468,260],{"class":259},[31,53470,33825],{"class":263},[31,53472,260],{"class":259},[31,53474,120],{"class":41},[31,53476,53477],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,53478,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,53480,53481,53483,53485,53487],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,53482,134],{"class":133},[31,53484,137],{"class":41},[31,53486,36895],{"class":140},[31,53488,120],{"class":41},[31,53490,53491,53493,53495,53497],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,53492,134],{"class":133},[31,53494,137],{"class":41},[31,53496,1550],{"class":140},[31,53498,120],{"class":41},[14,53500,358],{},[21,53502,53504],{"className":23,"code":53503,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[28,53505,53506,53534],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53507,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53509,42],{"class":41},[31,53511,370],{"class":259},[31,53513,4660],{"class":263},[31,53515,370],{"class":259},[31,53517,99],{"class":41},[31,53519,379],{"class":259},[31,53521,4669],{"class":263},[31,53523,370],{"class":259},[31,53525,99],{"class":41},[31,53527,379],{"class":259},[31,53529,33825],{"class":263},[31,53531,370],{"class":259},[31,53533,59],{"class":41},[31,53535,53536],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53537,12402],{"class":4432},[14,53539,53540,53541,53543,53544,53546,53547,70],{},"The important detail is that ",[28,53542,53261],{}," updates ",[28,53545,36895],{},", but the method itself returns ",[28,53548,4357],{},[72,53550,12068],{"id":12067},[14,53552,53553],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[21,53555,53557],{"className":23,"code":53556,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[28,53558,53559,53583,53601,53605],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53560,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53562,13672],{"class":37},[31,53564,89],{"class":88},[31,53566,4200],{"class":41},[31,53568,260],{"class":259},[31,53570,13689],{"class":263},[31,53572,260],{"class":259},[31,53574,99],{"class":41},[31,53576,271],{"class":259},[31,53578,13706],{"class":263},[31,53580,260],{"class":259},[31,53582,59],{"class":41},[31,53584,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53586,18101],{"class":37},[31,53588,70],{"class":41},[31,53590,14150],{"class":140},[31,53592,137],{"class":41},[31,53594,260],{"class":259},[31,53596,18054],{"class":263},[31,53598,260],{"class":259},[31,53600,120],{"class":41},[31,53602,53603],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,53604,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,53606,53607,53609,53611,53613],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,53608,134],{"class":133},[31,53610,137],{"class":41},[31,53612,18101],{"class":140},[31,53614,120],{"class":41},[14,53616,358],{},[21,53618,53620],{"className":23,"code":53619,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[28,53621,53622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53625,42],{"class":41},[31,53627,370],{"class":259},[31,53629,13689],{"class":263},[31,53631,370],{"class":259},[31,53633,99],{"class":41},[31,53635,379],{"class":259},[31,53637,13706],{"class":263},[31,53639,370],{"class":259},[31,53641,99],{"class":41},[31,53643,379],{"class":259},[31,53645,18054],{"class":263},[31,53647,370],{"class":259},[31,53649,59],{"class":41},[14,53651,53652],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53654,31686,53655,70],{},[264,53656,53658],{"href":53657},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[72,53660,53662],{"id":53661},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53664,53665],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[21,53667,53669],{"className":23,"code":53668,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,53670,53671,53679,53683,53697,53715,53729,53755,53777,53781],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53672,53673,53675,53677],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53674,8368],{"class":37},[31,53676,89],{"class":88},[31,53678,8426],{"class":41},[31,53680,53681],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53682,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,53684,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,53686,8397],{"class":37},[31,53688,70],{"class":41},[31,53690,14150],{"class":140},[31,53692,137],{"class":41},[31,53694,96],{"class":95},[31,53696,120],{"class":41},[31,53698,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,53700,8397],{"class":37},[31,53702,70],{"class":41},[31,53704,14150],{"class":140},[31,53706,137],{"class":41},[31,53708,260],{"class":259},[31,53710,4425],{"class":263},[31,53712,260],{"class":259},[31,53714,120],{"class":41},[31,53716,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,53718,8397],{"class":37},[31,53720,70],{"class":41},[31,53722,14150],{"class":140},[31,53724,137],{"class":41},[31,53726,4181],{"class":4432},[31,53728,120],{"class":41},[31,53730,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,53732,8397],{"class":37},[31,53734,70],{"class":41},[31,53736,14150],{"class":140},[31,53738,6114],{"class":41},[31,53740,260],{"class":259},[31,53742,8256],{"class":263},[31,53744,260],{"class":259},[31,53746,48],{"class":41},[31,53748,271],{"class":259},[31,53750,8265],{"class":263},[31,53752,260],{"class":259},[31,53754,31099],{"class":41},[31,53756,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773,53775],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,53758,8397],{"class":37},[31,53760,70],{"class":41},[31,53762,14150],{"class":140},[31,53764,3564],{"class":41},[31,53766,146],{"class":95},[31,53768,99],{"class":41},[31,53770,3571],{"class":95},[31,53772,99],{"class":41},[31,53774,3027],{"class":95},[31,53776,566],{"class":41},[31,53778,53779],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,53780,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,53782,53783,53785,53787,53789],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,53784,134],{"class":133},[31,53786,137],{"class":41},[31,53788,8397],{"class":140},[31,53790,120],{"class":41},[14,53792,358],{},[21,53794,53796],{"className":23,"code":53795,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[28,53797,53798],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53801,42],{"class":41},[31,53803,96],{"class":95},[31,53805,99],{"class":41},[31,53807,379],{"class":259},[31,53809,4425],{"class":263},[31,53811,370],{"class":259},[31,53813,99],{"class":41},[31,53815,4496],{"class":4432},[31,53817,99],{"class":41},[31,53819,11082],{"class":41},[31,53821,370],{"class":259},[31,53823,8256],{"class":263},[31,53825,370],{"class":259},[31,53827,48],{"class":41},[31,53829,379],{"class":259},[31,53831,8265],{"class":263},[31,53833,370],{"class":259},[31,53835,53836],{"class":41},"},",[31,53838,4200],{"class":41},[31,53840,146],{"class":95},[31,53842,99],{"class":41},[31,53844,3571],{"class":95},[31,53846,99],{"class":41},[31,53848,3027],{"class":95},[31,53850,53851],{"class":41},"]]\n",[14,53853,53854,53855,42761,53857,70],{},"A list added with ",[28,53856,53261],{},[67,53858,53859],{},"one single item",[21,53861,53863],{"className":23,"code":53862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,53864,53865,53881,53899,53903],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53866,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53868,85],{"class":37},[31,53870,89],{"class":88},[31,53872,4200],{"class":41},[31,53874,146],{"class":95},[31,53876,99],{"class":41},[31,53878,3571],{"class":95},[31,53880,59],{"class":41},[31,53882,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53884,141],{"class":37},[31,53886,70],{"class":41},[31,53888,14150],{"class":140},[31,53890,3564],{"class":41},[31,53892,173],{"class":95},[31,53894,99],{"class":41},[31,53896,3033],{"class":95},[31,53898,566],{"class":41},[31,53900,53901],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,53902,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,53904,53905,53907,53909,53911],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,53906,134],{"class":133},[31,53908,137],{"class":41},[31,53910,141],{"class":140},[31,53912,120],{"class":41},[14,53914,358],{},[21,53916,53918],{"className":23,"code":53917,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[28,53919,53920],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53921,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53923,42],{"class":41},[31,53925,146],{"class":95},[31,53927,99],{"class":41},[31,53929,3571],{"class":95},[31,53931,99],{"class":41},[31,53933,4200],{"class":41},[31,53935,173],{"class":95},[31,53937,99],{"class":41},[31,53939,3033],{"class":95},[31,53941,53851],{"class":41},[14,53943,2862,53944,53947],{},[28,53945,53946],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53949,53950,53951,53957],{},"This is different from ",[264,53952,53954],{"href":53953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[28,53955,53956],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[72,53959,53961],{"id":53960},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53963,53964],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[613,53966,9007,53968],{"id":53967},"using-append",[28,53969,53261],{},[21,53971,53972],{"className":23,"code":53862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,53973,53974,53990,54008,54012],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,53975,53976,53978,53980,53982,53984,53986,53988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,53977,85],{"class":37},[31,53979,89],{"class":88},[31,53981,4200],{"class":41},[31,53983,146],{"class":95},[31,53985,99],{"class":41},[31,53987,3571],{"class":95},[31,53989,59],{"class":41},[31,53991,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,53993,141],{"class":37},[31,53995,70],{"class":41},[31,53997,14150],{"class":140},[31,53999,3564],{"class":41},[31,54001,173],{"class":95},[31,54003,99],{"class":41},[31,54005,3033],{"class":95},[31,54007,566],{"class":41},[31,54009,54010],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54011,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54013,54014,54016,54018,54020],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54015,134],{"class":133},[31,54017,137],{"class":41},[31,54019,141],{"class":140},[31,54021,120],{"class":41},[14,54023,358],{},[21,54025,54026],{"className":23,"code":53917,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54027,54028],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54029,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54031,42],{"class":41},[31,54033,146],{"class":95},[31,54035,99],{"class":41},[31,54037,3571],{"class":95},[31,54039,99],{"class":41},[31,54041,4200],{"class":41},[31,54043,173],{"class":95},[31,54045,99],{"class":41},[31,54047,3033],{"class":95},[31,54049,53851],{"class":41},[613,54051,9007,54053],{"id":54052},"using-extend",[28,54054,54055],{},"extend()",[21,54057,54059],{"className":23,"code":54058,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,54060,54061,54077,54096,54100],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54062,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54064,85],{"class":37},[31,54066,89],{"class":88},[31,54068,4200],{"class":41},[31,54070,146],{"class":95},[31,54072,99],{"class":41},[31,54074,3571],{"class":95},[31,54076,59],{"class":41},[31,54078,54079,54081,54083,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54080,141],{"class":37},[31,54082,70],{"class":41},[31,54084,54085],{"class":140},"extend",[31,54087,3564],{"class":41},[31,54089,173],{"class":95},[31,54091,99],{"class":41},[31,54093,3033],{"class":95},[31,54095,566],{"class":41},[31,54097,54098],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54099,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54101,54102,54104,54106,54108],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54103,134],{"class":133},[31,54105,137],{"class":41},[31,54107,141],{"class":140},[31,54109,120],{"class":41},[14,54111,358],{},[21,54113,54115],{"className":23,"code":54114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,54116,54117],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54118,54119,54121,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54120,42],{"class":41},[31,54122,146],{"class":95},[31,54124,99],{"class":41},[31,54126,3571],{"class":95},[31,54128,99],{"class":41},[31,54130,3027],{"class":95},[31,54132,99],{"class":41},[31,54134,3033],{"class":95},[31,54136,59],{"class":41},[14,54138,54139],{},"The difference:",[228,54141,54142,54148,54154,54159],{},[231,54143,54144,54147],{},[28,54145,54146],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[231,54149,54150,54153],{},[28,54151,54152],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[231,54155,2668,54156,54158],{},[28,54157,53261],{}," for one item",[231,54160,2668,54161,54163],{},[28,54162,54055],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,54165,54166,54167,70],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[264,54168,54169],{"href":53953},"Python list extend() method",[72,54171,5101],{"id":5100},[613,54173,54175],{"id":54174},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,54177,26291],{},[21,54179,54181],{"className":23,"code":54180,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,54182,54183,54203,54221,54225],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54184,54185,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54186,8368],{"class":37},[31,54188,89],{"class":88},[31,54190,4200],{"class":41},[31,54192,146],{"class":95},[31,54194,99],{"class":41},[31,54196,3571],{"class":95},[31,54198,99],{"class":41},[31,54200,3027],{"class":95},[31,54202,59],{"class":41},[31,54204,54205,54207,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217,54219],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54206,8368],{"class":37},[31,54208,89],{"class":88},[31,54210,620],{"class":37},[31,54212,70],{"class":41},[31,54214,14150],{"class":140},[31,54216,137],{"class":41},[31,54218,151],{"class":95},[31,54220,120],{"class":41},[31,54222,54223],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54224,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54226,54227,54229,54231,54233],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54228,134],{"class":133},[31,54230,137],{"class":41},[31,54232,8397],{"class":140},[31,54234,120],{"class":41},[14,54236,358],{},[21,54238,54239],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54240,54241],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54242,54243],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54244,12402],{"class":4432},[14,54246,12494],{},[228,54248,54249,54254,54260],{},[231,54250,54251,54253],{},[28,54252,53261],{}," changes the list in place",[231,54255,54256,2972,54258],{},[28,54257,53261],{},[28,54259,4357],{},[231,54261,54262,54263,54266,54267],{},"So ",[28,54264,54265],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[28,54268,4357],{},[14,54270,11400],{},[21,54272,54274],{"className":23,"code":54273,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,54275,54276,54296,54310,54314],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54277,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290,54292,54294],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54279,8368],{"class":37},[31,54281,89],{"class":88},[31,54283,4200],{"class":41},[31,54285,146],{"class":95},[31,54287,99],{"class":41},[31,54289,3571],{"class":95},[31,54291,99],{"class":41},[31,54293,3027],{"class":95},[31,54295,59],{"class":41},[31,54297,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54299,8397],{"class":37},[31,54301,70],{"class":41},[31,54303,14150],{"class":140},[31,54305,137],{"class":41},[31,54307,151],{"class":95},[31,54309,120],{"class":41},[31,54311,54312],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54313,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54315,54316,54318,54320,54322],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54317,134],{"class":133},[31,54319,137],{"class":41},[31,54321,8397],{"class":140},[31,54323,120],{"class":41},[14,54325,358],{},[21,54327,54328],{"className":23,"code":54114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54329,54330],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54331,54332,54334,54336,54338,54340,54342,54344,54346,54348],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54333,42],{"class":41},[31,54335,146],{"class":95},[31,54337,99],{"class":41},[31,54339,3571],{"class":95},[31,54341,99],{"class":41},[31,54343,3027],{"class":95},[31,54345,99],{"class":41},[31,54347,3033],{"class":95},[31,54349,59],{"class":41},[613,54351,54353],{"id":54352},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,54355,19512],{},[21,54357,54359],{"className":23,"code":54358,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[28,54360,54361,54385],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54364,32486],{"class":37},[31,54366,89],{"class":88},[31,54368,4200],{"class":41},[31,54370,146],{"class":95},[31,54372,99],{"class":41},[31,54374,3571],{"class":95},[31,54376,14147],{"class":41},[31,54378,14150],{"class":140},[31,54380,137],{"class":41},[31,54382,173],{"class":95},[31,54384,120],{"class":41},[31,54386,54387,54389,54391,54393],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54388,134],{"class":133},[31,54390,137],{"class":41},[31,54392,32505],{"class":140},[31,54394,120],{"class":41},[14,54396,358],{},[21,54398,54399],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54400,54401],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54402,54403],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54404,12402],{"class":4432},[14,54406,54407,54408,54410],{},"Remember: ",[28,54409,53261],{}," updates the list you already have.",[613,54412,54414],{"id":54413},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[21,54416,54417],{"className":23,"code":53862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54418,54419,54435,54453,54457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54420,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431,54433],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54422,85],{"class":37},[31,54424,89],{"class":88},[31,54426,4200],{"class":41},[31,54428,146],{"class":95},[31,54430,99],{"class":41},[31,54432,3571],{"class":95},[31,54434,59],{"class":41},[31,54436,54437,54439,54441,54443,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54438,141],{"class":37},[31,54440,70],{"class":41},[31,54442,14150],{"class":140},[31,54444,3564],{"class":41},[31,54446,173],{"class":95},[31,54448,99],{"class":41},[31,54450,3033],{"class":95},[31,54452,566],{"class":41},[31,54454,54455],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54456,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54458,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54460,134],{"class":133},[31,54462,137],{"class":41},[31,54464,141],{"class":140},[31,54466,120],{"class":41},[14,54468,358],{},[21,54470,54471],{"className":23,"code":53917,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54472,54473],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54474,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483,54485,54487,54489,54491,54493],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54476,42],{"class":41},[31,54478,146],{"class":95},[31,54480,99],{"class":41},[31,54482,3571],{"class":95},[31,54484,99],{"class":41},[31,54486,4200],{"class":41},[31,54488,173],{"class":95},[31,54490,99],{"class":41},[31,54492,3033],{"class":95},[31,54494,53851],{"class":41},[14,54496,3748,54497,54500,54501,7217],{},[28,54498,54499],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[28,54502,54055],{},[613,54504,54506],{"id":54505},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54508,54509,54511],{},[28,54510,53261],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54513,54514,54515,70],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[264,54516,54518],{"href":54517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[28,54519,54520],{},"list.insert()",[14,54522,242],{},[21,54524,54526],{"className":23,"code":54525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[28,54527,54528,54552,54575,54579],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54529,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54531,252],{"class":37},[31,54533,89],{"class":88},[31,54535,4200],{"class":41},[31,54537,260],{"class":259},[31,54539,264],{"class":263},[31,54541,260],{"class":259},[31,54543,99],{"class":41},[31,54545,271],{"class":259},[31,54547,283],{"class":263},[31,54549,260],{"class":259},[31,54551,59],{"class":41},[31,54553,54554,54556,54558,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54555,353],{"class":37},[31,54557,70],{"class":41},[31,54559,54560],{"class":140},"insert",[31,54562,137],{"class":41},[31,54564,146],{"class":95},[31,54566,99],{"class":41},[31,54568,271],{"class":259},[31,54570,274],{"class":263},[31,54572,260],{"class":259},[31,54574,120],{"class":41},[31,54576,54577],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54578,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54580,54581,54583,54585,54587],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54582,134],{"class":133},[31,54584,137],{"class":41},[31,54586,353],{"class":140},[31,54588,120],{"class":41},[14,54590,358],{},[21,54592,54593],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54594,54595],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54596,54597,54599,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54598,42],{"class":41},[31,54600,370],{"class":259},[31,54602,264],{"class":263},[31,54604,370],{"class":259},[31,54606,99],{"class":41},[31,54608,379],{"class":259},[31,54610,274],{"class":263},[31,54612,370],{"class":259},[31,54614,99],{"class":41},[31,54616,379],{"class":259},[31,54618,283],{"class":263},[31,54620,370],{"class":259},[31,54622,59],{"class":41},[72,54624,54626],{"id":54625},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54628,54629,54631],{},[28,54630,53261],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54633,37030],{},[228,54635,54636,54639,54642,54645],{},[231,54637,54638],{},"building a list in a loop",[231,54640,54641],{},"collecting user input",[231,54643,54644],{},"storing results step by step",[231,54646,54647],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54649,54650],{},"Example with a loop:",[21,54652,54654],{"className":23,"code":54653,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[28,54655,54656,54665,54669,54690,54709,54713],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54657,54658,54661,54663],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54659,54660],{"class":37},"squares ",[31,54662,89],{"class":88},[31,54664,8426],{"class":41},[31,54666,54667],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54668,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54670,54671,54673,54675,54677,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54672,6543],{"class":4457},[31,54674,6971],{"class":37},[31,54676,4464],{"class":4457},[31,54678,54679],{"class":133}," range",[31,54681,137],{"class":41},[31,54683,146],{"class":95},[31,54685,99],{"class":41},[31,54687,5187],{"class":95},[31,54689,8931],{"class":41},[31,54691,54692,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705,54707],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54693,54694],{"class":37},"    squares",[31,54696,70],{"class":41},[31,54698,14150],{"class":140},[31,54700,137],{"class":41},[31,54702,2794],{"class":140},[31,54704,40478],{"class":88},[31,54706,2774],{"class":140},[31,54708,120],{"class":41},[31,54710,54711],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,54712,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54714,54715,54717,54719,54722],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,54716,134],{"class":133},[31,54718,137],{"class":41},[31,54720,54721],{"class":140},"squares",[31,54723,120],{"class":41},[14,54725,358],{},[21,54727,54729],{"className":23,"code":54728,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[28,54730,54731],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54732,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743,54746,54748,54750],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54734,42],{"class":41},[31,54736,146],{"class":95},[31,54738,99],{"class":41},[31,54740,3033],{"class":95},[31,54742,99],{"class":41},[31,54744,54745],{"class":95}," 9",[31,54747,99],{"class":41},[31,54749,14585],{"class":95},[31,54751,59],{"class":41},[72,54753,2435],{"id":2434},[613,54755,54757],{"id":54756},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54759,46973,54760,54762,54763,70],{},[28,54761,53261],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[28,54764,4357],{},[613,54766,54768],{"id":54767},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54770,54771,54772,70],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[264,54773,54774],{"href":53953},[28,54775,54055],{},[613,54777,54779],{"id":54778},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54781,54782],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54784,242],{},[21,54786,54788],{"className":23,"code":54787,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[28,54789,54790,54806,54824,54828],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54791,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802,54804],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54793,9757],{"class":37},[31,54795,89],{"class":88},[31,54797,4200],{"class":41},[31,54799,146],{"class":95},[31,54801,99],{"class":41},[31,54803,3571],{"class":95},[31,54805,59],{"class":41},[31,54807,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54809,9796],{"class":37},[31,54811,70],{"class":41},[31,54813,14150],{"class":140},[31,54815,3564],{"class":41},[31,54817,173],{"class":95},[31,54819,99],{"class":41},[31,54821,3033],{"class":95},[31,54823,566],{"class":41},[31,54825,54826],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,54827,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,54829,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,54831,134],{"class":133},[31,54833,137],{"class":41},[31,54835,9796],{"class":140},[31,54837,120],{"class":41},[14,54839,358],{},[21,54841,54842],{"className":23,"code":53917,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,54843,54844],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54847,42],{"class":41},[31,54849,146],{"class":95},[31,54851,99],{"class":41},[31,54853,3571],{"class":95},[31,54855,99],{"class":41},[31,54857,4200],{"class":41},[31,54859,173],{"class":95},[31,54861,99],{"class":41},[31,54863,3033],{"class":95},[31,54865,53851],{"class":41},[613,54867,54869],{"id":54868},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54871,54872,54874,54875,54878],{},[28,54873,53261],{}," adds at the end. ",[28,54876,54877],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[72,54880,2475],{"id":2474},[228,54882,54883,54888,54892,54897,54901],{},[231,54884,54885],{},[264,54886,54887],{"href":53657},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[231,54889,54890],{},[264,54891,54169],{"href":53953},[231,54893,54894],{},[264,54895,54896],{"href":54517},"Python list insert() method",[231,54898,54899],{},[264,54900,53380],{"href":51587},[231,54902,54903],{},[264,54904,54906],{"href":54905},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2499,54908,54909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":54911},[54912,54913,54914,54915,54916,54917,54923,54929,54930,54936],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":53340,"depth":123,"text":53341},{"id":6014,"depth":123,"text":6015},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":53661,"depth":123,"text":53662},{"id":53960,"depth":123,"text":53961,"children":54918},[54919,54921],{"id":53967,"depth":130,"text":54920},"Using append()",{"id":54052,"depth":130,"text":54922},"Using extend()",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":54924},[54925,54926,54927,54928],{"id":54174,"depth":130,"text":54175},{"id":54352,"depth":130,"text":54353},{"id":54413,"depth":130,"text":54414},{"id":54505,"depth":130,"text":54506},{"id":54625,"depth":123,"text":54626},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":54931},[54932,54933,54934,54935],{"id":54756,"depth":130,"text":54757},{"id":54767,"depth":130,"text":54768},{"id":54778,"depth":130,"text":54779},{"id":54868,"depth":130,"text":54869},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53251,"description":54937},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54944,"title":54945,"body":54946,"description":56190,"extension":2542,"meta":56191,"navigation":126,"path":56192,"seo":56193,"stem":56194,"__hash__":56195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54947,"toc":56155},[54948,54954,54960,54966,54968,55016,55021,55026,55030,55046,55052,55054,55057,55072,55074,55085,55087,55089,55146,55148,55156,55158,55174,55180,55182,55188,55192,55276,55279,55328,55335,55343,55346,55360,55373,55379,55454,55461,55468,55542,55550,55553,55564,55573,55577,55581,55592,55594,55671,55692,55694,55704,55707,55755,55757,55778,55781,55783,55834,55840,55847,55914,55920,55926,55929,55956,55961,55967,55970,56042,56045,56056,56062,56064,56070,56073,56079,56085,56092,56100,56106,56112,56114,56152],[10,54949,54951,54952,11914],{"id":54950},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[28,54953,11913],{},[14,54955,54956,54959],{},[28,54957,54958],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54961,54962,54963,54965],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[67,54964,11926],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[72,54967,4186],{"id":4185},[21,54969,54971],{"className":23,"code":54970,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[28,54972,54973,54993,55003],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,54974,54975,54977,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,54976,8368],{"class":37},[31,54978,89],{"class":88},[31,54980,4200],{"class":41},[31,54982,146],{"class":95},[31,54984,99],{"class":41},[31,54986,3571],{"class":95},[31,54988,99],{"class":41},[31,54990,3027],{"class":95},[31,54992,59],{"class":41},[31,54994,54995,54997,54999,55001],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,54996,8397],{"class":37},[31,54998,70],{"class":41},[31,55000,11975],{"class":140},[31,55002,1772],{"class":41},[31,55004,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55006,134],{"class":133},[31,55008,137],{"class":41},[31,55010,8397],{"class":140},[31,55012,4238],{"class":41},[31,55014,55015],{"class":157},"  # []\n",[14,55017,2668,55018,55020],{},[28,55019,11913],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[72,55022,4255,55024,4258],{"id":55023},"what-listclear-does",[28,55025,54958],{},[14,55027,55028,48],{},[28,55029,54958],{},[228,55031,55032,55035,55038,55043],{},[231,55033,55034],{},"Removes every item from a list",[231,55036,55037],{},"Changes the original list in place",[231,55039,55040,55041],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[28,55042,4366],{},[231,55044,55045],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,55047,55048,55049,55051],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[28,55050,11913],{},", but it contains no values.",[72,55053,2733],{"id":2732},[14,55055,55056],{},"Syntax:",[21,55058,55060],{"className":23,"code":55059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.clear()\n",[28,55061,55062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55063,55064,55066,55068,55070],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55065,8928],{"class":37},[31,55067,70],{"class":41},[31,55069,11975],{"class":140},[31,55071,1772],{"class":41},[14,55073,12051],{},[228,55075,55076,55079,55082],{},[231,55077,55078],{},"Call it on a list object",[231,55080,55081],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[231,55083,55084],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[72,55086,12068],{"id":12067},[14,55088,12071],{},[21,55090,55092],{"className":23,"code":55091,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,55093,55094,55118,55122,55132,55136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55095,55096,55098,55100,55102,55104,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55097,85],{"class":37},[31,55099,89],{"class":88},[31,55101,4200],{"class":41},[31,55103,96],{"class":95},[31,55105,99],{"class":41},[31,55107,102],{"class":95},[31,55109,99],{"class":41},[31,55111,107],{"class":95},[31,55113,99],{"class":41},[31,55115,112],{"class":95},[31,55117,59],{"class":41},[31,55119,55120],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55121,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55123,55124,55126,55128,55130],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55125,141],{"class":37},[31,55127,70],{"class":41},[31,55129,11975],{"class":140},[31,55131,1772],{"class":41},[31,55133,55134],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55135,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55137,55138,55140,55142,55144],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,55139,134],{"class":133},[31,55141,137],{"class":41},[31,55143,141],{"class":140},[31,55145,120],{"class":41},[14,55147,358],{},[21,55149,55150],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,55151,55152],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55153,55154],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55155,38902],{"class":41},[14,55157,12277],{},[228,55159,55160,55165,55171],{},[231,55161,55162,55164],{},[28,55163,141],{}," starts with four items",[231,55166,55167,55170],{},[28,55168,55169],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[231,55172,55173],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,55175,55176,55177,70],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[264,55178,53380],{"href":55179},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[72,55181,18017],{"id":18016},[14,55183,55184,2972,55186,70],{},[28,55185,11913],{},[28,55187,4357],{},[14,55189,41511,55190,53276],{},[67,55191,5213],{},[21,55193,55195],{"className":23,"code":55194,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[28,55196,55197,55229,55233,55247,55251,55264],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55198,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55200,8368],{"class":37},[31,55202,89],{"class":88},[31,55204,4200],{"class":41},[31,55206,260],{"class":259},[31,55208,264],{"class":263},[31,55210,260],{"class":259},[31,55212,99],{"class":41},[31,55214,271],{"class":259},[31,55216,274],{"class":263},[31,55218,260],{"class":259},[31,55220,99],{"class":41},[31,55222,271],{"class":259},[31,55224,283],{"class":263},[31,55226,260],{"class":259},[31,55228,59],{"class":41},[31,55230,55231],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55232,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55234,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55236,1522],{"class":37},[31,55238,89],{"class":88},[31,55240,620],{"class":37},[31,55242,70],{"class":41},[31,55244,11975],{"class":140},[31,55246,1772],{"class":41},[31,55248,55249],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55250,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55252,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,55254,134],{"class":133},[31,55256,137],{"class":41},[31,55258,8397],{"class":140},[31,55260,4238],{"class":41},[31,55262,55263],{"class":157},"   # []\n",[31,55265,55266,55268,55270,55272,55274],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,55267,134],{"class":133},[31,55269,137],{"class":41},[31,55271,1550],{"class":140},[31,55273,4238],{"class":41},[31,55275,21474],{"class":157},[14,55277,55278],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[21,55280,55282],{"className":23,"code":55281,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[28,55283,55284,55304,55318],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55285,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300,55302],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55287,8368],{"class":37},[31,55289,89],{"class":88},[31,55291,4200],{"class":41},[31,55293,146],{"class":95},[31,55295,99],{"class":41},[31,55297,3571],{"class":95},[31,55299,99],{"class":41},[31,55301,3027],{"class":95},[31,55303,59],{"class":41},[31,55305,55306,55308,55310,55312,55314,55316],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55307,8368],{"class":37},[31,55309,89],{"class":88},[31,55311,620],{"class":37},[31,55313,70],{"class":41},[31,55315,11975],{"class":140},[31,55317,1772],{"class":41},[31,55319,55320,55322,55324,55326],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55321,134],{"class":133},[31,55323,137],{"class":41},[31,55325,8397],{"class":140},[31,55327,120],{"class":41},[14,55329,12510,55330,42761,55332,55334],{},[28,55331,8397],{},[28,55333,4357],{},", not an empty list.",[72,55336,55338,55340,55341],{"id":55337},"clear-vs-assigning",[28,55339,11913],{}," vs assigning ",[28,55342,4366],{},[14,55344,55345],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[21,55347,55348],{"className":23,"code":55059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,55349,55350],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55351,55352,55354,55356,55358],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55353,8928],{"class":37},[31,55355,70],{"class":41},[31,55357,11975],{"class":140},[31,55359,1772],{"class":41},[21,55361,55363],{"className":23,"code":55362,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = []\n",[28,55364,55365],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55366,55367,55369,55371],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55368,8897],{"class":37},[31,55370,89],{"class":88},[31,55372,8426],{"class":41},[613,55374,55376,55378],{"id":55375},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[28,55377,11913],{}," empties the same list object",[21,55380,55382],{"className":23,"code":55381,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[28,55383,55384,55404,55412,55416,55426,55430,55442],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55385,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55387,3130],{"class":37},[31,55389,89],{"class":88},[31,55391,4200],{"class":41},[31,55393,146],{"class":95},[31,55395,99],{"class":41},[31,55397,3571],{"class":95},[31,55399,99],{"class":41},[31,55401,3027],{"class":95},[31,55403,59],{"class":41},[31,55405,55406,55408,55410],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55407,3158],{"class":37},[31,55409,89],{"class":88},[31,55411,36779],{"class":37},[31,55413,55414],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55415,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55417,55418,55420,55422,55424],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55419,264],{"class":37},[31,55421,70],{"class":41},[31,55423,11975],{"class":140},[31,55425,1772],{"class":41},[31,55427,55428],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,55429,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55431,55432,55434,55436,55438,55440],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,55433,134],{"class":133},[31,55435,137],{"class":41},[31,55437,264],{"class":140},[31,55439,4238],{"class":41},[31,55441,55015],{"class":157},[31,55443,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,55445,134],{"class":133},[31,55447,137],{"class":41},[31,55449,274],{"class":140},[31,55451,4238],{"class":41},[31,55453,55015],{"class":157},[14,55455,11182,55456,4975,55458,55460],{},[28,55457,264],{},[28,55459,274],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[613,55462,55464,55467],{"id":55463},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[28,55465,55466],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[21,55469,55471],{"className":23,"code":55470,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,55472,55473,55493,55501,55505,55513,55517,55529],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55474,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55476,3130],{"class":37},[31,55478,89],{"class":88},[31,55480,4200],{"class":41},[31,55482,146],{"class":95},[31,55484,99],{"class":41},[31,55486,3571],{"class":95},[31,55488,99],{"class":41},[31,55490,3027],{"class":95},[31,55492,59],{"class":41},[31,55494,55495,55497,55499],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55496,3158],{"class":37},[31,55498,89],{"class":88},[31,55500,36779],{"class":37},[31,55502,55503],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55504,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55506,55507,55509,55511],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55508,3130],{"class":37},[31,55510,89],{"class":88},[31,55512,8426],{"class":41},[31,55514,55515],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,55516,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55518,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,55520,134],{"class":133},[31,55522,137],{"class":41},[31,55524,264],{"class":140},[31,55526,4238],{"class":41},[31,55528,55015],{"class":157},[31,55530,55531,55533,55535,55537,55539],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,55532,134],{"class":133},[31,55534,137],{"class":41},[31,55536,274],{"class":140},[31,55538,4238],{"class":41},[31,55540,55541],{"class":157},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55543,21369,55544,55546,55547,55549],{},[28,55545,264],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[28,55548,274],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55551,55552],{},"This difference matters when:",[228,55554,55555,55558,55561],{},[231,55556,55557],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[231,55559,55560],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[231,55562,55563],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55565,55566,55567,70],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[264,55568,55570,55571,11333],{"href":55569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[28,55572,13372],{},[72,55574,5544,55575],{"id":13032},[28,55576,11913],{},[14,55578,2668,55579,6902],{},[28,55580,11913],{},[228,55582,55583,55586,55589],{},[231,55584,55585],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[231,55587,55588],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[231,55590,55591],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55593,242],{},[21,55595,55597],{"className":23,"code":55596,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[28,55598,55599,55635,55639,55644,55655,55659],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55600,55601,55604,55606,55608,55610,55613,55615,55617,55619,55622,55624,55626,55628,55631,55633],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55602,55603],{"class":37},"shopping_cart ",[31,55605,89],{"class":88},[31,55607,4200],{"class":41},[31,55609,260],{"class":259},[31,55611,55612],{"class":263},"milk",[31,55614,260],{"class":259},[31,55616,99],{"class":41},[31,55618,271],{"class":259},[31,55620,55621],{"class":263},"bread",[31,55623,260],{"class":259},[31,55625,99],{"class":41},[31,55627,271],{"class":259},[31,55629,55630],{"class":263},"eggs",[31,55632,260],{"class":259},[31,55634,59],{"class":41},[31,55636,55637],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55638,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55640,55641],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55642,55643],{"class":157},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[31,55645,55646,55649,55651,55653],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55647,55648],{"class":37},"shopping_cart",[31,55650,70],{"class":41},[31,55652,11975],{"class":140},[31,55654,1772],{"class":41},[31,55656,55657],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,55658,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55660,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,55662,134],{"class":133},[31,55664,137],{"class":41},[31,55666,55648],{"class":140},[31,55668,4238],{"class":41},[31,55670,55015],{"class":157},[14,55672,55673,55674,55678,55679,55685,55686,70],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[264,55675,55677],{"href":55676},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[264,55680,55682,11333],{"href":55681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[28,55683,55684],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[264,55687,55689,11333],{"href":55688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[28,55690,55691],{},"list.pop()",[72,55693,5101],{"id":5100},[613,55695,55697,55698,11685,55701],{"id":55696},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[28,55699,55700],{},"my_list.clear",[28,55702,55703],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55705,55706],{},"This does not call the method.",[21,55708,55710],{"className":23,"code":55709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[28,55711,55712,55732,55736,55745],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55713,55714,55716,55718,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55715,8368],{"class":37},[31,55717,89],{"class":88},[31,55719,4200],{"class":41},[31,55721,146],{"class":95},[31,55723,99],{"class":41},[31,55725,3571],{"class":95},[31,55727,99],{"class":41},[31,55729,3027],{"class":95},[31,55731,59],{"class":41},[31,55733,55734],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55735,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55737,55738,55740,55742],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55739,8397],{"class":37},[31,55741,70],{"class":41},[31,55743,55744],{"class":25350},"clear\n",[31,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55748,134],{"class":133},[31,55750,137],{"class":41},[31,55752,8397],{"class":140},[31,55754,120],{"class":41},[14,55756,358],{},[21,55758,55760],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[28,55761,55762],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55763,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55765,42],{"class":41},[31,55767,146],{"class":95},[31,55769,99],{"class":41},[31,55771,3571],{"class":95},[31,55773,99],{"class":41},[31,55775,3027],{"class":95},[31,55777,59],{"class":41},[14,55779,55780],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55782,11400],{},[21,55784,55786],{"className":23,"code":55785,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[28,55787,55788,55808,55812,55822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55789,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804,55806],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55791,8368],{"class":37},[31,55793,89],{"class":88},[31,55795,4200],{"class":41},[31,55797,146],{"class":95},[31,55799,99],{"class":41},[31,55801,3571],{"class":95},[31,55803,99],{"class":41},[31,55805,3027],{"class":95},[31,55807,59],{"class":41},[31,55809,55810],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55811,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55813,55814,55816,55818,55820],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55815,8397],{"class":37},[31,55817,70],{"class":41},[31,55819,11975],{"class":140},[31,55821,1772],{"class":41},[31,55823,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55825,134],{"class":133},[31,55827,137],{"class":41},[31,55829,8397],{"class":140},[31,55831,4238],{"class":41},[31,55833,55015],{"class":157},[613,55835,9043,55837,55839],{"id":55836},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[28,55838,11913],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55841,55842,2972,55844,55846],{},[28,55843,11913],{},[28,55845,4357],{},", not the list.",[21,55848,55850],{"className":23,"code":55849,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[28,55851,55852,55872,55886,55890,55902],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55853,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55855,8368],{"class":37},[31,55857,89],{"class":88},[31,55859,4200],{"class":41},[31,55861,146],{"class":95},[31,55863,99],{"class":41},[31,55865,3571],{"class":95},[31,55867,99],{"class":41},[31,55869,3027],{"class":95},[31,55871,59],{"class":41},[31,55873,55874,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55875,1522],{"class":37},[31,55877,89],{"class":88},[31,55879,620],{"class":37},[31,55881,70],{"class":41},[31,55883,11975],{"class":140},[31,55885,1772],{"class":41},[31,55887,55888],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,55889,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,55891,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,55893,134],{"class":133},[31,55895,137],{"class":41},[31,55897,1550],{"class":140},[31,55899,4238],{"class":41},[31,55901,21474],{"class":157},[31,55903,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,55905,134],{"class":133},[31,55907,137],{"class":41},[31,55909,8397],{"class":140},[31,55911,4238],{"class":41},[31,55913,55263],{"class":157},[613,55915,9007,55917,55919],{"id":55916},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[28,55918,11913],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55921,55922,55923,55925],{},"Some types have a ",[28,55924,11913],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55927,55928],{},"This will fail:",[21,55930,55932],{"className":23,"code":55931,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[28,55933,55934,55946],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55935,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55937,35292],{"class":37},[31,55939,89],{"class":88},[31,55941,271],{"class":259},[31,55943,4425],{"class":263},[31,55945,3934],{"class":259},[31,55947,55948,55950,55952,55954],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55949,35313],{"class":37},[31,55951,70],{"class":41},[31,55953,11975],{"class":140},[31,55955,1772],{"class":41},[14,55957,55958,55959,34205],{},"A string does not have a ",[28,55960,11913],{},[14,55962,55963,55964,55966],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[28,55965,4357],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55968,55969],{},"Useful checks:",[21,55971,55973],{"className":23,"code":55972,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[28,55974,55975,55985,55999,56013,56022,56032],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,55976,55977,55979,55981,55983],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,55978,134],{"class":133},[31,55980,137],{"class":41},[31,55982,8928],{"class":140},[31,55984,120],{"class":41},[31,55986,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,55988,134],{"class":133},[31,55990,137],{"class":41},[31,55992,1562],{"class":1561},[31,55994,137],{"class":41},[31,55996,8928],{"class":140},[31,55998,1569],{"class":41},[31,56000,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56002,134],{"class":133},[31,56004,137],{"class":41},[31,56006,13244],{"class":133},[31,56008,137],{"class":41},[31,56010,8928],{"class":140},[31,56012,1569],{"class":41},[31,56014,56015,56017,56019],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56016,44156],{"class":37},[31,56018,89],{"class":88},[31,56020,56021],{"class":37}," my_list\n",[31,56023,56024,56026,56028,56030],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,56025,8928],{"class":37},[31,56027,70],{"class":41},[31,56029,11975],{"class":140},[31,56031,1772],{"class":41},[31,56033,56034,56036,56038,56040],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,56035,134],{"class":133},[31,56037,137],{"class":41},[31,56039,31346],{"class":140},[31,56041,120],{"class":41},[14,56043,56044],{},"These can help you see:",[228,56046,56047,56050,56053],{},[231,56048,56049],{},"What the variable currently contains",[231,56051,56052],{},"Whether it is really a list",[231,56054,56055],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,56057,56058,56059,70],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[264,56060,56061],{"href":54905},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[72,56063,2435],{"id":2434},[613,56065,13299,56067,56069],{"id":56066},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[28,56068,54958],{}," delete the list?",[14,56071,56072],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[613,56074,13299,56076,56078],{"id":56075},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[28,56077,54958],{}," return a new list?",[14,56080,56081,56082,56084],{},"No. It returns ",[28,56083,4357],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[613,56086,5762,56088,4975,56090,2466],{"id":56087},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[28,56089,11913],{},[28,56091,55466],{},[14,56093,56094,56096,56097,56099],{},[28,56095,11913],{}," empties the same list object. ",[28,56098,55466],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[613,56101,28930,56103,56105],{"id":56102},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[28,56104,11913],{}," on other types?",[14,56107,56108,56109,56111],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[28,56110,11913],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[72,56113,2475],{"id":2474},[228,56115,56116,56120,56125,56132,56139,56145],{},[231,56117,56118],{},[264,56119,53380],{"href":55179},[231,56121,56122],{},[264,56123,56124],{"href":55676},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[231,56126,56127],{},[264,56128,56129,56130,11333],{"href":55688},"Python list ",[28,56131,13358],{},[231,56133,56134],{},[264,56135,56129,56136,11333],{"href":55681},[28,56137,56138],{},"remove()",[231,56140,56141],{},[264,56142,56129,56143,11333],{"href":55569},[28,56144,13372],{},[231,56146,56147],{},[264,56148,30950,56149,34238],{"href":54905},[28,56150,56151],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2499,56153,56154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":56156},[56157,56158,56160,56161,56162,56163,56170,56171,56179,56189],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":55023,"depth":123,"text":56159},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":55337,"depth":123,"text":56164,"children":56165},"clear() vs assigning []",[56166,56168],{"id":55375,"depth":130,"text":56167},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55463,"depth":130,"text":56169},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13032,"depth":123,"text":13404},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":56172},[56173,56175,56177],{"id":55696,"depth":130,"text":56174},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55836,"depth":130,"text":56176},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55916,"depth":130,"text":56178},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":56180},[56181,56183,56185,56187],{"id":56066,"depth":130,"text":56182},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56075,"depth":130,"text":56184},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56087,"depth":130,"text":56186},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56102,"depth":130,"text":56188},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54945,"description":56190},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56197,"title":56198,"body":56199,"description":57883,"extension":2542,"meta":57884,"navigation":126,"path":57885,"seo":57886,"stem":57887,"__hash__":57888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56200,"toc":57851},[56201,56206,56212,56220,56222,56311,56318,56323,56327,56341,56343,56420,56422,56483,56486,56488,56490,56511,56514,56528,56531,56576,56578,56586,56589,56595,56601,56604,56681,56683,56728,56731,56736,56819,56821,56862,56867,56871,56877,56879,56887,56890,56983,56985,57043,57046,57062,57067,57077,57082,57084,57089,57094,57097,57099,57156,57159,57212,57218,57223,57227,57244,57246,57329,57331,57372,57380,57382,57387,57393,57395,57458,57463,57533,57537,57572,57575,57577,57616,57620,57696,57702,57708,57713,57735,57738,57757,57765,57767,57773,57776,57783,57791,57796,57799,57803,57809,57817,57820,57822,57848],[10,56202,54951,56204,11914],{"id":56203},"python-list-copy-method",[28,56205,13372],{},[14,56207,56208,56211],{},[28,56209,56210],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,56213,56214,56215,14651,56217,56219],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[28,56216,89],{},[67,56218,5213],{}," make a real copy.",[72,56221,75],{"id":74},[21,56223,56225],{"className":23,"code":56224,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,56226,56227,56247,56262,56266,56281,56285,56298],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56228,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56230,85],{"class":37},[31,56232,89],{"class":88},[31,56234,4200],{"class":41},[31,56236,146],{"class":95},[31,56238,99],{"class":41},[31,56240,3571],{"class":95},[31,56242,99],{"class":41},[31,56244,3027],{"class":95},[31,56246,59],{"class":41},[31,56248,56249,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56250,56251],{"class":37},"new_numbers ",[31,56253,89],{"class":88},[31,56255,1527],{"class":37},[31,56257,70],{"class":41},[31,56259,13507],{"class":140},[31,56261,1772],{"class":41},[31,56263,56264],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56265,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56267,56268,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56269,56270],{"class":37},"new_numbers",[31,56272,70],{"class":41},[31,56274,14150],{"class":140},[31,56276,137],{"class":41},[31,56278,151],{"class":95},[31,56280,120],{"class":41},[31,56282,56283],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,56284,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56286,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,56288,134],{"class":133},[31,56290,137],{"class":41},[31,56292,141],{"class":140},[31,56294,4238],{"class":41},[31,56296,56297],{"class":157},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[31,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,56301,134],{"class":133},[31,56303,137],{"class":41},[31,56305,56270],{"class":140},[31,56307,4238],{"class":41},[31,56309,56310],{"class":157},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,56312,2668,56313,56315,56316,70],{},[28,56314,56210],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[67,56317,13446],{},[72,56319,4255,56321,4258],{"id":56320},"what-listcopy-does",[28,56322,56210],{},[14,56324,56325,48],{},[28,56326,56210],{},[228,56328,56329,56332,56335,56338],{},[231,56330,56331],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[231,56333,56334],{},"Returns that new list",[231,56336,56337],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[231,56339,56340],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,56342,242],{},[21,56344,56346],{"className":23,"code":56345,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[28,56347,56348,56380,56395,56399,56409],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56349,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56351,36843],{"class":37},[31,56353,89],{"class":88},[31,56355,4200],{"class":41},[31,56357,260],{"class":259},[31,56359,4660],{"class":263},[31,56361,260],{"class":259},[31,56363,99],{"class":41},[31,56365,271],{"class":259},[31,56367,4669],{"class":263},[31,56369,260],{"class":259},[31,56371,99],{"class":41},[31,56373,271],{"class":259},[31,56375,33825],{"class":263},[31,56377,260],{"class":259},[31,56379,59],{"class":41},[31,56381,56382,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56383,56384],{"class":37},"copied_fruits ",[31,56386,89],{"class":88},[31,56388,53460],{"class":37},[31,56390,70],{"class":41},[31,56392,13507],{"class":140},[31,56394,1772],{"class":41},[31,56396,56397],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56398,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56400,56401,56403,56405,56407],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56402,134],{"class":133},[31,56404,137],{"class":41},[31,56406,36895],{"class":140},[31,56408,120],{"class":41},[31,56410,56411,56413,56415,56418],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,56412,134],{"class":133},[31,56414,137],{"class":41},[31,56416,56417],{"class":140},"copied_fruits",[31,56419,120],{"class":41},[14,56421,358],{},[21,56423,56425],{"className":23,"code":56424,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[28,56426,56427,56455],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56428,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56430,42],{"class":41},[31,56432,370],{"class":259},[31,56434,4660],{"class":263},[31,56436,370],{"class":259},[31,56438,99],{"class":41},[31,56440,379],{"class":259},[31,56442,4669],{"class":263},[31,56444,370],{"class":259},[31,56446,99],{"class":41},[31,56448,379],{"class":259},[31,56450,33825],{"class":263},[31,56452,370],{"class":259},[31,56454,59],{"class":41},[31,56456,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56458,42],{"class":41},[31,56460,370],{"class":259},[31,56462,4660],{"class":263},[31,56464,370],{"class":259},[31,56466,99],{"class":41},[31,56468,379],{"class":259},[31,56470,4669],{"class":263},[31,56472,370],{"class":259},[31,56474,99],{"class":41},[31,56476,379],{"class":259},[31,56478,33825],{"class":263},[31,56480,370],{"class":259},[31,56482,59],{"class":41},[14,56484,56485],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[72,56487,2733],{"id":2732},[14,56489,2736],{},[21,56491,56493],{"className":23,"code":56492,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[28,56494,56495],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56496,56497,56500,56502,56505,56507,56509],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56498,56499],{"class":37},"new_list ",[31,56501,89],{"class":88},[31,56503,56504],{"class":37}," old_list",[31,56506,70],{"class":41},[31,56508,13507],{"class":140},[31,56510,1772],{"class":41},[14,56512,56513],{},"How it works:",[228,56515,56516,56522,56525],{},[231,56517,56518,56519,56521],{},"Call ",[28,56520,13372],{}," on an existing list",[231,56523,56524],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[231,56526,56527],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56529,56530],{},"Example with an empty list:",[21,56532,56534],{"className":23,"code":56533,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[28,56535,56536,56545,56561,56565],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56537,56538,56541,56543],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56539,56540],{"class":37},"empty_list ",[31,56542,89],{"class":88},[31,56544,8426],{"class":41},[31,56546,56547,56550,56552,56555,56557,56559],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56548,56549],{"class":37},"new_empty_list ",[31,56551,89],{"class":88},[31,56553,56554],{"class":37}," empty_list",[31,56556,70],{"class":41},[31,56558,13507],{"class":140},[31,56560,1772],{"class":41},[31,56562,56563],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56564,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56566,56567,56569,56571,56574],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56568,134],{"class":133},[31,56570,137],{"class":41},[31,56572,56573],{"class":140},"new_empty_list",[31,56575,120],{"class":41},[14,56577,358],{},[21,56579,56580],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,56581,56582],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56583,56584],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56585,38902],{"class":41},[14,56587,56588],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[72,56590,56592,56593],{"id":56591},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[28,56594,89],{},[14,56596,9007,56597,14651,56599,53276],{},[28,56598,89],{},[67,56600,5213],{},[14,56602,56603],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[21,56605,56607],{"className":23,"code":56606,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[28,56608,56609,56629,56638,56642,56657,56661,56671],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56610,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56612,85],{"class":37},[31,56614,89],{"class":88},[31,56616,4200],{"class":41},[31,56618,146],{"class":95},[31,56620,99],{"class":41},[31,56622,3571],{"class":95},[31,56624,99],{"class":41},[31,56626,3027],{"class":95},[31,56628,59],{"class":41},[31,56630,56631,56634,56636],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56632,56633],{"class":37},"same_list ",[31,56635,89],{"class":88},[31,56637,44589],{"class":37},[31,56639,56640],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56641,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56643,56644,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56645,56646],{"class":37},"same_list",[31,56648,70],{"class":41},[31,56650,14150],{"class":140},[31,56652,137],{"class":41},[31,56654,151],{"class":95},[31,56656,120],{"class":41},[31,56658,56659],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,56660,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56662,56663,56665,56667,56669],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,56664,134],{"class":133},[31,56666,137],{"class":41},[31,56668,141],{"class":140},[31,56670,120],{"class":41},[31,56672,56673,56675,56677,56679],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,56674,134],{"class":133},[31,56676,137],{"class":41},[31,56678,56646],{"class":140},[31,56680,120],{"class":41},[14,56682,358],{},[21,56684,56686],{"className":23,"code":56685,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,56687,56688,56708],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56689,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56691,42],{"class":41},[31,56693,146],{"class":95},[31,56695,99],{"class":41},[31,56697,3571],{"class":95},[31,56699,99],{"class":41},[31,56701,3027],{"class":95},[31,56703,99],{"class":41},[31,56705,3033],{"class":95},[31,56707,59],{"class":41},[31,56709,56710,56712,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56711,42],{"class":41},[31,56713,146],{"class":95},[31,56715,99],{"class":41},[31,56717,3571],{"class":95},[31,56719,99],{"class":41},[31,56721,3027],{"class":95},[31,56723,99],{"class":41},[31,56725,3033],{"class":95},[31,56727,59],{"class":41},[14,56729,56730],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56732,56733,56734,48],{},"Now compare that with ",[28,56735,13372],{},[21,56737,56739],{"className":23,"code":56738,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[28,56740,56741,56761,56776,56780,56795,56799,56809],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56742,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56744,85],{"class":37},[31,56746,89],{"class":88},[31,56748,4200],{"class":41},[31,56750,146],{"class":95},[31,56752,99],{"class":41},[31,56754,3571],{"class":95},[31,56756,99],{"class":41},[31,56758,3027],{"class":95},[31,56760,59],{"class":41},[31,56762,56763,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56764,56765],{"class":37},"copied_numbers ",[31,56767,89],{"class":88},[31,56769,1527],{"class":37},[31,56771,70],{"class":41},[31,56773,13507],{"class":140},[31,56775,1772],{"class":41},[31,56777,56778],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56779,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56781,56782,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56783,56784],{"class":37},"copied_numbers",[31,56786,70],{"class":41},[31,56788,14150],{"class":140},[31,56790,137],{"class":41},[31,56792,151],{"class":95},[31,56794,120],{"class":41},[31,56796,56797],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,56798,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56800,56801,56803,56805,56807],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,56802,134],{"class":133},[31,56804,137],{"class":41},[31,56806,141],{"class":140},[31,56808,120],{"class":41},[31,56810,56811,56813,56815,56817],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,56812,134],{"class":133},[31,56814,137],{"class":41},[31,56816,56784],{"class":140},[31,56818,120],{"class":41},[14,56820,358],{},[21,56822,56824],{"className":23,"code":56823,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,56825,56826,56842],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56827,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56829,42],{"class":41},[31,56831,146],{"class":95},[31,56833,99],{"class":41},[31,56835,3571],{"class":95},[31,56837,99],{"class":41},[31,56839,3027],{"class":95},[31,56841,59],{"class":41},[31,56843,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56845,42],{"class":41},[31,56847,146],{"class":95},[31,56849,99],{"class":41},[31,56851,3571],{"class":95},[31,56853,99],{"class":41},[31,56855,3027],{"class":95},[31,56857,99],{"class":41},[31,56859,3033],{"class":95},[31,56861,59],{"class":41},[14,56863,56864,56865,70],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[264,56866,53380],{"href":51587},[72,56868,56870],{"id":56869},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56872,56873,13443,56875,70],{},[28,56874,56210],{},[67,56876,13446],{},[14,56878,2683],{},[228,56880,56881,56884],{},[231,56882,56883],{},"The outer list is new",[231,56885,56886],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56888,56889],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[21,56891,56893],{"className":23,"code":56892,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[28,56894,56895,56922,56936,56940,56959,56963,56973],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56896,56897,56899,56901,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918,56920],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56898,12680],{"class":37},[31,56900,89],{"class":88},[31,56902,56903],{"class":41}," [[",[31,56905,146],{"class":95},[31,56907,99],{"class":41},[31,56909,3571],{"class":95},[31,56911,18661],{"class":41},[31,56913,4200],{"class":41},[31,56915,173],{"class":95},[31,56917,99],{"class":41},[31,56919,3033],{"class":95},[31,56921,53851],{"class":41},[31,56923,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,56925,14909],{"class":37},[31,56927,89],{"class":88},[31,56929,12755],{"class":37},[31,56931,70],{"class":41},[31,56933,13507],{"class":140},[31,56935,1772],{"class":41},[31,56937,56938],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,56939,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56941,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56957],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,56943,14928],{"class":37},[31,56945,42],{"class":41},[31,56947,1243],{"class":95},[31,56949,14147],{"class":41},[31,56951,14150],{"class":140},[31,56953,137],{"class":41},[31,56955,56956],{"class":95},"99",[31,56958,120],{"class":41},[31,56960,56961],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,56962,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,56964,56965,56967,56969,56971],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,56966,134],{"class":133},[31,56968,137],{"class":41},[31,56970,12727],{"class":140},[31,56972,120],{"class":41},[31,56974,56975,56977,56979,56981],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,56976,134],{"class":133},[31,56978,137],{"class":41},[31,56980,14928],{"class":140},[31,56982,120],{"class":41},[14,56984,358],{},[21,56986,56988],{"className":23,"code":56987,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[28,56989,56990,57017],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,56991,56992,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,56993,56994],{"class":41},"[[",[31,56996,146],{"class":95},[31,56998,99],{"class":41},[31,57000,3571],{"class":95},[31,57002,99],{"class":41},[31,57004,10788],{"class":95},[31,57006,18661],{"class":41},[31,57008,4200],{"class":41},[31,57010,173],{"class":95},[31,57012,99],{"class":41},[31,57014,3033],{"class":95},[31,57016,53851],{"class":41},[31,57018,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57020,56994],{"class":41},[31,57022,146],{"class":95},[31,57024,99],{"class":41},[31,57026,3571],{"class":95},[31,57028,99],{"class":41},[31,57030,10788],{"class":95},[31,57032,18661],{"class":41},[31,57034,4200],{"class":41},[31,57036,173],{"class":95},[31,57038,99],{"class":41},[31,57040,3033],{"class":95},[31,57042,53851],{"class":41},[14,57044,57045],{},"Why did both change?",[228,57047,57048,57055],{},[231,57049,57050,4975,57052,57054],{},[28,57051,12727],{},[28,57053,14928],{}," are different outer lists",[231,57056,57057,57058,57061],{},"But the inner list ",[28,57059,57060],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,57063,54262,57064,57066],{},[28,57065,13372],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[228,57068,57069,57072,57075],{},[231,57070,57071],{},"Numbers",[231,57073,57074],{},"Strings",[231,57076,41200],{},[14,57078,57079,57080,70],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[264,57081,14388],{"href":14387},[72,57083,18017],{"id":18016},[14,57085,57086,57088],{},[28,57087,56210],{}," returns a new list.",[14,57090,41511,57091,57093],{},[67,57092,5213],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,57095,57096],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,57098,17253],{},[21,57100,57102],{"className":23,"code":57101,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[28,57103,57104,57128,57142,57146],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57105,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57107,13672],{"class":37},[31,57109,89],{"class":88},[31,57111,4200],{"class":41},[31,57113,260],{"class":259},[31,57115,13689],{"class":263},[31,57117,260],{"class":259},[31,57119,99],{"class":41},[31,57121,271],{"class":259},[31,57123,13706],{"class":263},[31,57125,260],{"class":259},[31,57127,59],{"class":41},[31,57129,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57131,13715],{"class":37},[31,57133,89],{"class":88},[31,57135,13720],{"class":37},[31,57137,70],{"class":41},[31,57139,13507],{"class":140},[31,57141,1772],{"class":41},[31,57143,57144],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57145,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57147,57148,57150,57152,57154],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,57149,134],{"class":133},[31,57151,137],{"class":41},[31,57153,13739],{"class":140},[31,57155,120],{"class":41},[14,57157,57158],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[21,57160,57162],{"className":23,"code":57161,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[28,57163,57164,57188,57198,57202],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57165,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57167,13672],{"class":37},[31,57169,89],{"class":88},[31,57171,4200],{"class":41},[31,57173,260],{"class":259},[31,57175,13689],{"class":263},[31,57177,260],{"class":259},[31,57179,99],{"class":41},[31,57181,271],{"class":259},[31,57183,13706],{"class":263},[31,57185,260],{"class":259},[31,57187,59],{"class":41},[31,57189,57190,57192,57194,57196],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57191,18101],{"class":37},[31,57193,70],{"class":41},[31,57195,13507],{"class":140},[31,57197,1772],{"class":41},[31,57199,57200],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57201,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57203,57204,57206,57208,57210],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,57205,134],{"class":133},[31,57207,137],{"class":41},[31,57209,18101],{"class":140},[31,57211,120],{"class":41},[14,57213,57214,57215,57217],{},"In the second example, ",[28,57216,13372],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[72,57219,5544,57221],{"id":57220},"when-to-use-listcopy",[28,57222,56210],{},[14,57224,2668,57225,11193],{},[28,57226,56210],{},[228,57228,57229,57232,57235,57238],{},[231,57230,57231],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[231,57233,57234],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[231,57236,57237],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[231,57239,57240,57241],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[28,57242,57243],{},"[:]",[14,57245,242],{},[21,57247,57249],{"className":23,"code":57248,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[28,57250,57251,57271,57286,57290,57304,57308,57318],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57252,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57254,5647],{"class":37},[31,57256,89],{"class":88},[31,57258,4200],{"class":41},[31,57260,96],{"class":95},[31,57262,99],{"class":41},[31,57264,102],{"class":95},[31,57266,99],{"class":41},[31,57268,107],{"class":95},[31,57270,59],{"class":41},[31,57272,57273,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57274,57275],{"class":37},"backup_scores ",[31,57277,89],{"class":88},[31,57279,5693],{"class":37},[31,57281,70],{"class":41},[31,57283,13507],{"class":140},[31,57285,1772],{"class":41},[31,57287,57288],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57289,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57291,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,57293,16986],{"class":37},[31,57295,70],{"class":41},[31,57297,14150],{"class":140},[31,57299,137],{"class":41},[31,57301,1113],{"class":95},[31,57303,120],{"class":41},[31,57305,57306],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,57307,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57309,57310,57312,57314,57316],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,57311,134],{"class":133},[31,57313,137],{"class":41},[31,57315,16986],{"class":140},[31,57317,120],{"class":41},[31,57319,57320,57322,57324,57327],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,57321,134],{"class":133},[31,57323,137],{"class":41},[31,57325,57326],{"class":140},"backup_scores",[31,57328,120],{"class":41},[14,57330,358],{},[21,57332,57334],{"className":23,"code":57333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[28,57335,57336,57356],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57337,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57339,42],{"class":41},[31,57341,96],{"class":95},[31,57343,99],{"class":41},[31,57345,102],{"class":95},[31,57347,99],{"class":41},[31,57349,107],{"class":95},[31,57351,99],{"class":41},[31,57353,112],{"class":95},[31,57355,59],{"class":41},[31,57357,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57359,42],{"class":41},[31,57361,96],{"class":95},[31,57363,99],{"class":41},[31,57365,102],{"class":95},[31,57367,99],{"class":41},[31,57369,107],{"class":95},[31,57371,59],{"class":41},[14,57373,57374,57375,70],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[264,57376,56129,57378,11333],{"href":57377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[28,57379,53261],{},[72,57381,5101],{"id":5100},[14,57383,57384,57385,70],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[28,57386,56210],{},[613,57388,9007,57390,57392],{"id":57389},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[28,57391,89],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,57394,39804],{},[21,57396,57398],{"className":23,"code":57397,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,57399,57400,57420,57428,57442,57446],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57401,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57403,3130],{"class":37},[31,57405,89],{"class":88},[31,57407,4200],{"class":41},[31,57409,146],{"class":95},[31,57411,99],{"class":41},[31,57413,3571],{"class":95},[31,57415,99],{"class":41},[31,57417,3027],{"class":95},[31,57419,59],{"class":41},[31,57421,57422,57424,57426],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57423,3158],{"class":37},[31,57425,89],{"class":88},[31,57427,36779],{"class":37},[31,57429,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57431,274],{"class":37},[31,57433,70],{"class":41},[31,57435,14150],{"class":140},[31,57437,137],{"class":41},[31,57439,151],{"class":95},[31,57441,120],{"class":41},[31,57443,57444],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,57445,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57447,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,57449,134],{"class":133},[31,57451,137],{"class":41},[31,57453,264],{"class":140},[31,57455,4238],{"class":41},[31,57457,56310],{"class":157},[14,57459,57460,57461,7217],{},"Fix: use ",[28,57462,13372],{},[21,57464,57466],{"className":23,"code":57465,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,57467,57468,57488,57503,57517,57521],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57469,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57471,3130],{"class":37},[31,57473,89],{"class":88},[31,57475,4200],{"class":41},[31,57477,146],{"class":95},[31,57479,99],{"class":41},[31,57481,3571],{"class":95},[31,57483,99],{"class":41},[31,57485,3027],{"class":95},[31,57487,59],{"class":41},[31,57489,57490,57492,57494,57497,57499,57501],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57491,3158],{"class":37},[31,57493,89],{"class":88},[31,57495,57496],{"class":37}," a",[31,57498,70],{"class":41},[31,57500,13507],{"class":140},[31,57502,1772],{"class":41},[31,57504,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57506,274],{"class":37},[31,57508,70],{"class":41},[31,57510,14150],{"class":140},[31,57512,137],{"class":41},[31,57514,151],{"class":95},[31,57516,120],{"class":41},[31,57518,57519],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,57520,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57522,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,57524,134],{"class":133},[31,57526,137],{"class":41},[31,57528,264],{"class":140},[31,57530,4238],{"class":41},[31,57532,55541],{"class":157},[613,57534,57536],{"id":57535},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[21,57538,57540],{"className":23,"code":57539,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[28,57541,57542,57562],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57543,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57545,85],{"class":37},[31,57547,89],{"class":88},[31,57549,4200],{"class":41},[31,57551,146],{"class":95},[31,57553,99],{"class":41},[31,57555,3571],{"class":95},[31,57557,99],{"class":41},[31,57559,3027],{"class":95},[31,57561,59],{"class":41},[31,57563,57564,57566,57568,57570],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57565,141],{"class":37},[31,57567,70],{"class":41},[31,57569,13507],{"class":140},[31,57571,1772],{"class":41},[14,57573,57574],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57576,39867],{},[21,57578,57580],{"className":23,"code":57579,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[28,57581,57582,57602],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57583,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57585,85],{"class":37},[31,57587,89],{"class":88},[31,57589,4200],{"class":41},[31,57591,146],{"class":95},[31,57593,99],{"class":41},[31,57595,3571],{"class":95},[31,57597,99],{"class":41},[31,57599,3027],{"class":95},[31,57601,59],{"class":41},[31,57603,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57605,56765],{"class":37},[31,57607,89],{"class":88},[31,57609,1527],{"class":37},[31,57611,70],{"class":41},[31,57613,13507],{"class":140},[31,57615,1772],{"class":41},[613,57617,57619],{"id":57618},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[21,57621,57623],{"className":23,"code":57622,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[28,57624,57625,57643,57657,57661,57679,57683],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57626,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57628,3130],{"class":37},[31,57630,89],{"class":88},[31,57632,56903],{"class":41},[31,57634,146],{"class":95},[31,57636,18661],{"class":41},[31,57638,4200],{"class":41},[31,57640,193],{"class":95},[31,57642,53851],{"class":41},[31,57644,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57646,3158],{"class":37},[31,57648,89],{"class":88},[31,57650,57496],{"class":37},[31,57652,70],{"class":41},[31,57654,13507],{"class":140},[31,57656,1772],{"class":41},[31,57658,57659],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57660,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57662,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,57664,274],{"class":37},[31,57666,42],{"class":41},[31,57668,1243],{"class":95},[31,57670,14147],{"class":41},[31,57672,14150],{"class":140},[31,57674,137],{"class":41},[31,57676,56956],{"class":95},[31,57678,120],{"class":41},[31,57680,57681],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,57682,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,57684,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,57686,134],{"class":133},[31,57688,137],{"class":41},[31,57690,264],{"class":140},[31,57692,4238],{"class":41},[31,57694,57695],{"class":157},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57697,57698,57699,57701],{},"Fix: remember that ",[28,57700,56210],{}," is shallow.",[613,57703,26217,57705,57707],{"id":57704},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[28,57706,13372],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57709,57710,57712],{},[28,57711,13372],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[21,57714,57716],{"className":23,"code":57715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[28,57717,57718,57730],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57719,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57721,8464],{"class":37},[31,57723,89],{"class":88},[31,57725,271],{"class":259},[31,57727,5587],{"class":263},[31,57729,3934],{"class":259},[31,57731,57732],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57733,57734],{"class":157},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57736,57737],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[21,57739,57741],{"className":23,"code":57740,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(name))\n",[28,57742,57743],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57744,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57746,134],{"class":133},[31,57748,137],{"class":41},[31,57750,1562],{"class":1561},[31,57752,137],{"class":41},[31,57754,8256],{"class":140},[31,57756,1569],{"class":41},[14,57758,57759,57760,57764],{},"You can also review ",[264,57761,57763],{"href":57762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[72,57766,2435],{"id":2434},[613,57768,13299,57770,57772],{"id":57769},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[28,57771,56210],{}," change the original list?",[14,57774,57775],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[613,57777,5762,57779,4975,57781,2466],{"id":57778},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[28,57780,56210],{},[28,57782,89],{},[14,57784,57785,57787,57788,57790],{},[28,57786,13372],{}," creates a new list. ",[28,57789,89],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[613,57792,15501,57794,15504],{"id":57793},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[28,57795,56210],{},[14,57797,57798],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[613,57800,57802],{"id":57801},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57804,42758,57805,57808],{},[28,57806,57807],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[613,57810,15501,57812,57814,57815,2466],{"id":57811},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[28,57813,56210],{}," the same as ",[28,57816,57243],{},[14,57818,57819],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[72,57821,2475],{"id":2474},[228,57823,57824,57829,57833,57838,57844],{},[231,57825,57826],{},[264,57827,15563],{"href":57828},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[231,57830,57831],{},[264,57832,53380],{"href":51587},[231,57834,57835],{},[264,57836,57837],{"href":57762},"Creating a list in Python",[231,57839,57840],{},[264,57841,56129,57842,11333],{"href":57377},[28,57843,53261],{},[231,57845,57846],{},[264,57847,14388],{"href":14387},[2499,57849,57850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":57852},[57853,57854,57856,57857,57859,57860,57861,57863,57871,57882],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":56320,"depth":123,"text":57855},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":56591,"depth":123,"text":57858},"Why not use =",{"id":56869,"depth":123,"text":56870},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":57220,"depth":123,"text":57862},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":57864},[57865,57867,57868,57869],{"id":57389,"depth":130,"text":57866},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57535,"depth":130,"text":57536},{"id":57618,"depth":130,"text":57619},{"id":57704,"depth":130,"text":57870},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":57872},[57873,57875,57877,57879,57880],{"id":57769,"depth":130,"text":57874},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57778,"depth":130,"text":57876},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57793,"depth":130,"text":57878},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57801,"depth":130,"text":57802},{"id":57811,"depth":130,"text":57881},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56198,"description":57883},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57890,"title":57891,"body":57892,"description":59634,"extension":2542,"meta":59635,"navigation":126,"path":59636,"seo":59637,"stem":59638,"__hash__":59639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57893,"toc":59593},[57894,57900,57906,57909,57920,57923,57925,57988,57994,57999,58003,58017,58020,58025,58030,58032,58034,58053,58065,58067,58134,58136,58144,58149,58151,58159,58162,58179,58181,58305,58316,58320,58325,58328,58330,58348,58352,58438,58447,58455,58524,58526,58529,58541,58546,58550,58621,58624,58628,58632,58697,58699,58707,58711,58794,58796,58804,58808,58869,58871,58879,58883,58970,58972,58980,58985,58990,58993,59004,59006,59091,59096,59105,59107,59111,59115,59120,59182,59186,59194,59200,59209,59214,59263,59266,59287,59291,59353,59360,59365,59368,59455,59458,59469,59472,59492,59494,59500,59503,59507,59511,59517,59520,59526,59533,59541,59552,59554,59590],[10,57895,54951,57897,11914],{"id":57896},"python-list-count-method",[28,57898,57899],{},"count()",[14,57901,57902,57905],{},[28,57903,57904],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57907,57908],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[228,57910,57911,57914,57917],{},[231,57912,57913],{},"count one specific item",[231,57915,57916],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[231,57918,57919],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57921,57922],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[72,57924,4186],{"id":4185},[21,57926,57928],{"className":23,"code":57927,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[28,57929,57930,57958,57976],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,57931,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,57933,85],{"class":37},[31,57935,89],{"class":88},[31,57937,4200],{"class":41},[31,57939,146],{"class":95},[31,57941,99],{"class":41},[31,57943,3571],{"class":95},[31,57945,99],{"class":41},[31,57947,3571],{"class":95},[31,57949,99],{"class":41},[31,57951,3027],{"class":95},[31,57953,99],{"class":41},[31,57955,3571],{"class":95},[31,57957,59],{"class":41},[31,57959,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,57961,1522],{"class":37},[31,57963,89],{"class":88},[31,57965,1527],{"class":37},[31,57967,70],{"class":41},[31,57969,41865],{"class":140},[31,57971,137],{"class":41},[31,57973,193],{"class":95},[31,57975,120],{"class":41},[31,57977,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,57979,134],{"class":133},[31,57981,137],{"class":41},[31,57983,1550],{"class":140},[31,57985,4238],{"class":41},[31,57987,51379],{"class":157},[14,57989,2668,57990,57993],{},[28,57991,57992],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[72,57995,4255,57997,4258],{"id":57996},"what-listcount-does",[28,57998,57904],{},[14,58000,58001,48],{},[28,58002,57904],{},[228,58004,58005,58008,58011,58014],{},[231,58006,58007],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[231,58009,58010],{},"returns an integer",[231,58012,58013],{},"does not change the original list",[231,58015,58016],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,58018,58019],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,58021,58022,58023,70],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[28,58024,173],{},[14,58026,58027,58028,70],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[28,58029,1243],{},[72,58031,2733],{"id":2732},[14,58033,2736],{},[21,58035,58037],{"className":23,"code":58036,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.count(value)\n",[28,58038,58039],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58040,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58042,8928],{"class":37},[31,58044,70],{"class":41},[31,58046,41865],{"class":140},[31,58048,137],{"class":41},[31,58050,3049],{"class":140},[31,58052,120],{"class":41},[228,58054,58055,58060],{},[231,58056,58057,58059],{},[28,58058,8928],{}," is the list you want to search",[231,58061,58062,58064],{},[28,58063,3049],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,58066,242],{},[21,58068,58070],{"className":23,"code":58069,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[28,58071,58072,58112],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58073,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58075,252],{"class":37},[31,58077,89],{"class":88},[31,58079,4200],{"class":41},[31,58081,260],{"class":259},[31,58083,264],{"class":263},[31,58085,260],{"class":259},[31,58087,99],{"class":41},[31,58089,271],{"class":259},[31,58091,274],{"class":263},[31,58093,260],{"class":259},[31,58095,99],{"class":41},[31,58097,271],{"class":259},[31,58099,264],{"class":263},[31,58101,260],{"class":259},[31,58103,99],{"class":41},[31,58105,271],{"class":259},[31,58107,283],{"class":263},[31,58109,260],{"class":259},[31,58111,59],{"class":41},[31,58113,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58115,134],{"class":133},[31,58117,137],{"class":41},[31,58119,353],{"class":140},[31,58121,70],{"class":41},[31,58123,41865],{"class":140},[31,58125,137],{"class":41},[31,58127,260],{"class":259},[31,58129,264],{"class":263},[31,58131,260],{"class":259},[31,58133,1569],{"class":41},[14,58135,358],{},[21,58137,58138],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,58139,58140],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58141,58142],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58143,17654],{"class":95},[14,58145,58146,58147,70],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[28,58148,1243],{},[72,58150,38625],{"id":38624},[14,58152,58153,58154,58156,58157,70],{},"The return value from ",[28,58155,57899],{}," is always an ",[28,58158,2765],{},[14,58160,58161],{},"Possible results:",[228,58163,58164,58169,58174],{},[231,58165,58166,58168],{},[28,58167,1243],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[231,58170,58171,58173],{},[28,58172,146],{}," if it appears once",[231,58175,58176,58178],{},[28,58177,193],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,58180,242],{},[21,58182,58184],{"className":23,"code":58183,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[28,58185,58186,58226,58230,58255,58280],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58187,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58189,13672],{"class":37},[31,58191,89],{"class":88},[31,58193,4200],{"class":41},[31,58195,260],{"class":259},[31,58197,13689],{"class":263},[31,58199,260],{"class":259},[31,58201,99],{"class":41},[31,58203,271],{"class":259},[31,58205,13706],{"class":263},[31,58207,260],{"class":259},[31,58209,99],{"class":41},[31,58211,271],{"class":259},[31,58213,18054],{"class":263},[31,58215,260],{"class":259},[31,58217,99],{"class":41},[31,58219,271],{"class":259},[31,58221,13706],{"class":263},[31,58223,260],{"class":259},[31,58225,59],{"class":41},[31,58227,58228],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58229,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,58231,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58233,134],{"class":133},[31,58235,137],{"class":41},[31,58237,18101],{"class":140},[31,58239,70],{"class":41},[31,58241,41865],{"class":140},[31,58243,137],{"class":41},[31,58245,260],{"class":259},[31,58247,13706],{"class":263},[31,58249,260],{"class":259},[31,58251,5945],{"class":41},[31,58253,58254],{"class":157},"   # 2\n",[31,58256,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,58258,134],{"class":133},[31,58260,137],{"class":41},[31,58262,18101],{"class":140},[31,58264,70],{"class":41},[31,58266,41865],{"class":140},[31,58268,137],{"class":41},[31,58270,260],{"class":259},[31,58272,13689],{"class":263},[31,58274,260],{"class":259},[31,58276,5945],{"class":41},[31,58278,58279],{"class":157},"    # 1\n",[31,58281,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,58283,134],{"class":133},[31,58285,137],{"class":41},[31,58287,18101],{"class":140},[31,58289,70],{"class":41},[31,58291,41865],{"class":140},[31,58293,137],{"class":41},[31,58295,260],{"class":259},[31,58297,23123],{"class":263},[31,58299,260],{"class":259},[31,58301,5945],{"class":41},[31,58303,58304],{"class":157}," # 0\n",[14,58306,58307,58308,58310,58311,58313,58314,70],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[28,58309,57899],{}," works, but using ",[28,58312,4464],{}," is often simpler. See ",[264,58315,6782],{"href":6781},[72,58317,58319],{"id":58318},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,58321,58322,58324],{},[28,58323,57904],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,58326,58327],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,58329,44257],{},[228,58331,58332,58335,58338,58345],{},[231,58333,58334],{},"matches are based on equality",[231,58336,58337],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[231,58339,58340,4975,58342,58344],{},[28,58341,146],{},[28,58343,4181],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[231,58346,58347],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[613,58349,58351],{"id":58350},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[21,58353,58355],{"className":23,"code":58354,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[28,58356,58357,58390,58414],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58358,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58360,4651],{"class":37},[31,58362,89],{"class":88},[31,58364,4200],{"class":41},[31,58366,260],{"class":259},[31,58368,4660],{"class":263},[31,58370,260],{"class":259},[31,58372,99],{"class":41},[31,58374,271],{"class":259},[31,58376,58377],{"class":263},"Apple",[31,58379,260],{"class":259},[31,58381,99],{"class":41},[31,58383,271],{"class":259},[31,58385,4660],{"class":263},[31,58387,260],{"class":259},[31,58389,59],{"class":41},[31,58391,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58393,134],{"class":133},[31,58395,137],{"class":41},[31,58397,4695],{"class":140},[31,58399,70],{"class":41},[31,58401,41865],{"class":140},[31,58403,137],{"class":41},[31,58405,260],{"class":259},[31,58407,4660],{"class":263},[31,58409,260],{"class":259},[31,58411,5945],{"class":41},[31,58413,52023],{"class":157},[31,58415,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58417,134],{"class":133},[31,58419,137],{"class":41},[31,58421,4695],{"class":140},[31,58423,70],{"class":41},[31,58425,41865],{"class":140},[31,58427,137],{"class":41},[31,58429,260],{"class":259},[31,58431,58377],{"class":263},[31,58433,260],{"class":259},[31,58435,5945],{"class":41},[31,58437,28381],{"class":157},[14,58439,58440,4975,58443,58446],{},[28,58441,58442],{},"\"apple\"",[28,58444,58445],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[613,58448,58450,4975,58452,58454],{"id":58449},"_1-and-true-can-match",[28,58451,146],{},[28,58453,4181],{}," can match",[21,58456,58458],{"className":23,"code":58457,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[28,58459,58460,58484,58504],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58461,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58463,4402],{"class":37},[31,58465,89],{"class":88},[31,58467,4200],{"class":41},[31,58469,146],{"class":95},[31,58471,99],{"class":41},[31,58473,4496],{"class":4432},[31,58475,99],{"class":41},[31,58477,3571],{"class":95},[31,58479,99],{"class":41},[31,58481,6082],{"class":95},[31,58483,59],{"class":41},[31,58485,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58487,134],{"class":133},[31,58489,137],{"class":41},[31,58491,5942],{"class":140},[31,58493,70],{"class":41},[31,58495,41865],{"class":140},[31,58497,137],{"class":41},[31,58499,146],{"class":95},[31,58501,5945],{"class":41},[31,58503,51526],{"class":157},[31,58505,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58507,134],{"class":133},[31,58509,137],{"class":41},[31,58511,5942],{"class":140},[31,58513,70],{"class":41},[31,58515,41865],{"class":140},[31,58517,137],{"class":41},[31,58519,4181],{"class":4432},[31,58521,5945],{"class":41},[31,58523,51379],{"class":157},[14,58525,4992],{},[14,58527,58528],{},"In Python:",[228,58530,58531,58536],{},[231,58532,58533],{},[28,58534,58535],{},"True == 1",[231,58537,58538],{},[28,58539,58540],{},"False == 0",[14,58542,54262,58543,58545],{},[28,58544,57899],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[613,58547,58549],{"id":58548},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[21,58551,58553],{"className":23,"code":58552,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[28,58554,58555,58597],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58556,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58558,8368],{"class":37},[31,58560,89],{"class":88},[31,58562,56903],{"class":41},[31,58564,146],{"class":95},[31,58566,99],{"class":41},[31,58568,3571],{"class":95},[31,58570,18661],{"class":41},[31,58572,4200],{"class":41},[31,58574,173],{"class":95},[31,58576,99],{"class":41},[31,58578,3033],{"class":95},[31,58580,18661],{"class":41},[31,58582,4200],{"class":41},[31,58584,146],{"class":95},[31,58586,99],{"class":41},[31,58588,3571],{"class":95},[31,58590,18661],{"class":41},[31,58592,4200],{"class":41},[31,58594,146],{"class":95},[31,58596,53851],{"class":41},[31,58598,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58600,134],{"class":133},[31,58602,137],{"class":41},[31,58604,8397],{"class":140},[31,58606,70],{"class":41},[31,58608,41865],{"class":140},[31,58610,3564],{"class":41},[31,58612,146],{"class":95},[31,58614,99],{"class":41},[31,58616,3571],{"class":95},[31,58618,5318],{"class":41},[31,58620,52023],{"class":157},[14,58622,58623],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[72,58625,58627],{"id":58626},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[613,58629,58631],{"id":58630},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[21,58633,58635],{"className":23,"code":58634,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,58636,58637,58665,58683,58687],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58638,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58640,85],{"class":37},[31,58642,89],{"class":88},[31,58644,4200],{"class":41},[31,58646,96],{"class":95},[31,58648,99],{"class":41},[31,58650,102],{"class":95},[31,58652,99],{"class":41},[31,58654,1026],{"class":95},[31,58656,99],{"class":41},[31,58658,107],{"class":95},[31,58660,99],{"class":41},[31,58662,1026],{"class":95},[31,58664,59],{"class":41},[31,58666,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58668,1522],{"class":37},[31,58670,89],{"class":88},[31,58672,1527],{"class":37},[31,58674,70],{"class":41},[31,58676,41865],{"class":140},[31,58678,137],{"class":41},[31,58680,96],{"class":95},[31,58682,120],{"class":41},[31,58684,58685],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58686,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,58688,58689,58691,58693,58695],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,58690,134],{"class":133},[31,58692,137],{"class":41},[31,58694,1550],{"class":140},[31,58696,120],{"class":41},[14,58698,358],{},[21,58700,58701],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,58702,58703],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58704,58705],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58706,47225],{"class":95},[613,58708,58710],{"id":58709},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[21,58712,58714],{"className":23,"code":58713,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,58715,58716,58758,58780,58784],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58717,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732,58734,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58754,58756],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58719,4651],{"class":37},[31,58721,89],{"class":88},[31,58723,4200],{"class":41},[31,58725,260],{"class":259},[31,58727,37651],{"class":263},[31,58729,260],{"class":259},[31,58731,99],{"class":41},[31,58733,271],{"class":259},[31,58735,58736],{"class":263},"dog",[31,58738,260],{"class":259},[31,58740,99],{"class":41},[31,58742,271],{"class":259},[31,58744,37651],{"class":263},[31,58746,260],{"class":259},[31,58748,99],{"class":41},[31,58750,271],{"class":259},[31,58752,58753],{"class":263},"bird",[31,58755,260],{"class":259},[31,58757,59],{"class":41},[31,58759,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58761,1522],{"class":37},[31,58763,89],{"class":88},[31,58765,6752],{"class":37},[31,58767,70],{"class":41},[31,58769,41865],{"class":140},[31,58771,137],{"class":41},[31,58773,260],{"class":259},[31,58775,37651],{"class":263},[31,58777,260],{"class":259},[31,58779,120],{"class":41},[31,58781,58782],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58783,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,58785,58786,58788,58790,58792],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,58787,134],{"class":133},[31,58789,137],{"class":41},[31,58791,1550],{"class":140},[31,58793,120],{"class":41},[14,58795,358],{},[21,58797,58798],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,58799,58800],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58801,58802],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58803,17654],{"class":95},[613,58805,58807],{"id":58806},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[21,58809,58811],{"className":23,"code":58810,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,58812,58813,58837,58855,58859],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58814,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58816,85],{"class":37},[31,58818,89],{"class":88},[31,58820,4200],{"class":41},[31,58822,146],{"class":95},[31,58824,99],{"class":41},[31,58826,3571],{"class":95},[31,58828,99],{"class":41},[31,58830,3027],{"class":95},[31,58832,99],{"class":41},[31,58834,3033],{"class":95},[31,58836,59],{"class":41},[31,58838,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58840,1522],{"class":37},[31,58842,89],{"class":88},[31,58844,1527],{"class":37},[31,58846,70],{"class":41},[31,58848,41865],{"class":140},[31,58850,137],{"class":41},[31,58852,559],{"class":95},[31,58854,120],{"class":41},[31,58856,58857],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58858,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,58860,58861,58863,58865,58867],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,58862,134],{"class":133},[31,58864,137],{"class":41},[31,58866,1550],{"class":140},[31,58868,120],{"class":41},[14,58870,358],{},[21,58872,58873],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,58874,58875],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58876,58877],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58878,47860],{"class":95},[613,58880,58882],{"id":58881},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[21,58884,58886],{"className":23,"code":58885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,58887,58888,58934,58956,58960],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58889,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58891,9757],{"class":37},[31,58893,89],{"class":88},[31,58895,56903],{"class":41},[31,58897,146],{"class":95},[31,58899,99],{"class":41},[31,58901,3571],{"class":95},[31,58903,18661],{"class":41},[31,58905,4200],{"class":41},[31,58907,146],{"class":95},[31,58909,99],{"class":41},[31,58911,3571],{"class":95},[31,58913,18661],{"class":41},[31,58915,4200],{"class":41},[31,58917,193],{"class":95},[31,58919,99],{"class":41},[31,58921,3027],{"class":95},[31,58923,18661],{"class":41},[31,58925,4200],{"class":41},[31,58927,146],{"class":95},[31,58929,99],{"class":41},[31,58931,3571],{"class":95},[31,58933,53851],{"class":41},[31,58935,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,58937,1522],{"class":37},[31,58939,89],{"class":88},[31,58941,15164],{"class":37},[31,58943,70],{"class":41},[31,58945,41865],{"class":140},[31,58947,3564],{"class":41},[31,58949,146],{"class":95},[31,58951,99],{"class":41},[31,58953,3571],{"class":95},[31,58955,566],{"class":41},[31,58957,58958],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,58959,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,58961,58962,58964,58966,58968],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,58963,134],{"class":133},[31,58965,137],{"class":41},[31,58967,1550],{"class":140},[31,58969,120],{"class":41},[14,58971,358],{},[21,58973,58974],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,58975,58976],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,58977,58978],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,58979,47225],{"class":95},[72,58981,5544,58983],{"id":58982},"when-to-use-count",[28,58984,57899],{},[14,58986,2668,58987,58989],{},[28,58988,57899],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58991,58992],{},"Good use cases:",[228,58994,58995,58998,59001],{},[231,58996,58997],{},"counting one specific item",[231,58999,59000],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[231,59002,59003],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,59005,242],{},[21,59007,59009],{"className":23,"code":59008,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[28,59010,59011,59052,59076,59080],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59012,59013,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044,59046,59048,59050],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59014,59015],{"class":37},"votes ",[31,59017,89],{"class":88},[31,59019,4200],{"class":41},[31,59021,260],{"class":259},[31,59023,9248],{"class":263},[31,59025,260],{"class":259},[31,59027,99],{"class":41},[31,59029,271],{"class":259},[31,59031,9188],{"class":263},[31,59033,260],{"class":259},[31,59035,99],{"class":41},[31,59037,271],{"class":259},[31,59039,9248],{"class":263},[31,59041,260],{"class":259},[31,59043,99],{"class":41},[31,59045,271],{"class":259},[31,59047,9248],{"class":263},[31,59049,260],{"class":259},[31,59051,59],{"class":41},[31,59053,59054,59057,59059,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59055,59056],{"class":37},"yes_votes ",[31,59058,89],{"class":88},[31,59060,59061],{"class":37}," votes",[31,59063,70],{"class":41},[31,59065,41865],{"class":140},[31,59067,137],{"class":41},[31,59069,260],{"class":259},[31,59071,9248],{"class":263},[31,59073,260],{"class":259},[31,59075,120],{"class":41},[31,59077,59078],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,59079,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,59081,59082,59084,59086,59089],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,59083,134],{"class":133},[31,59085,137],{"class":41},[31,59087,59088],{"class":140},"yes_votes",[31,59090,120],{"class":41},[14,59092,59093,59095],{},[28,59094,57899],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,59097,59098,59099,4975,59101,70],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[264,59100,53380],{"href":51587},[264,59102,59104],{"href":59103},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[72,59106,3407],{"id":3406},[14,59108,9037,59109,70],{},[28,59110,57904],{},[613,59112,59114],{"id":59113},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,59116,59117,59119],{},[28,59118,57904],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[21,59121,59123],{"className":23,"code":59122,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[28,59124,59125,59158],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59126,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59128,4651],{"class":37},[31,59130,89],{"class":88},[31,59132,4200],{"class":41},[31,59134,260],{"class":259},[31,59136,59137],{"class":263},"apple pie",[31,59139,260],{"class":259},[31,59141,99],{"class":41},[31,59143,271],{"class":259},[31,59145,4669],{"class":263},[31,59147,260],{"class":259},[31,59149,99],{"class":41},[31,59151,271],{"class":259},[31,59153,59137],{"class":263},[31,59155,260],{"class":259},[31,59157,59],{"class":41},[31,59159,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59161,134],{"class":133},[31,59163,137],{"class":41},[31,59165,4695],{"class":140},[31,59167,70],{"class":41},[31,59169,41865],{"class":140},[31,59171,137],{"class":41},[31,59173,260],{"class":259},[31,59175,4660],{"class":263},[31,59177,260],{"class":259},[31,59179,5945],{"class":41},[31,59181,51855],{"class":157},[14,59183,3065,59184,2466],{},[28,59185,1243],{},[14,59187,29663,59188,59190,59191,70],{},[28,59189,58442],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[28,59192,59193],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,59195,59196,59197,70],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[28,59198,59199],{},"str.count()",[613,59201,9043,59203,9046,59205,3456,59207],{"id":59202},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[28,59204,57899],{},[28,59206,4181],{},[28,59208,4251],{},[14,59210,59211,59213],{},[28,59212,57899],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[21,59215,59217],{"className":23,"code":59216,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[28,59218,59219,59243],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59220,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59222,85],{"class":37},[31,59224,89],{"class":88},[31,59226,4200],{"class":41},[31,59228,146],{"class":95},[31,59230,99],{"class":41},[31,59232,3571],{"class":95},[31,59234,99],{"class":41},[31,59236,3571],{"class":95},[31,59238,99],{"class":41},[31,59240,3027],{"class":95},[31,59242,59],{"class":41},[31,59244,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59246,134],{"class":133},[31,59248,137],{"class":41},[31,59250,141],{"class":140},[31,59252,70],{"class":41},[31,59254,41865],{"class":140},[31,59256,137],{"class":41},[31,59258,193],{"class":95},[31,59260,5945],{"class":41},[31,59262,52023],{"class":157},[14,59264,59265],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[21,59267,59269],{"className":23,"code":59268,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[28,59270,59271],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59272,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59274,134],{"class":133},[31,59276,137],{"class":41},[31,59278,193],{"class":95},[31,59280,21772],{"class":4457},[31,59282,1527],{"class":140},[31,59284,4238],{"class":41},[31,59286,4241],{"class":157},[613,59288,59290],{"id":59289},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[21,59292,59294],{"className":23,"code":59293,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[28,59295,59296,59329],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59297,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59325,59327],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59299,5578],{"class":37},[31,59301,89],{"class":88},[31,59303,4200],{"class":41},[31,59305,260],{"class":259},[31,59307,8265],{"class":263},[31,59309,260],{"class":259},[31,59311,99],{"class":41},[31,59313,271],{"class":259},[31,59315,20817],{"class":263},[31,59317,260],{"class":259},[31,59319,99],{"class":41},[31,59321,271],{"class":259},[31,59323,59324],{"class":263},"SAM",[31,59326,260],{"class":259},[31,59328,59],{"class":41},[31,59330,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59332,134],{"class":133},[31,59334,137],{"class":41},[31,59336,5622],{"class":140},[31,59338,70],{"class":41},[31,59340,41865],{"class":140},[31,59342,137],{"class":41},[31,59344,260],{"class":259},[31,59346,20817],{"class":263},[31,59348,260],{"class":259},[31,59350,5945],{"class":41},[31,59352,28381],{"class":157},[14,59354,59355,59356,59359],{},"Only the exact string ",[28,59357,59358],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[613,59361,30252,59363,34153],{"id":59362},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[28,59364,57899],{},[14,59366,59367],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[21,59369,59371],{"className":23,"code":59370,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[28,59372,59373,59383,59397,59415,59429,59441],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59374,59375,59377,59379,59381],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59376,134],{"class":133},[31,59378,137],{"class":41},[31,59380,8928],{"class":140},[31,59382,120],{"class":41},[31,59384,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59386,134],{"class":133},[31,59388,137],{"class":41},[31,59390,1562],{"class":1561},[31,59392,137],{"class":41},[31,59394,8928],{"class":140},[31,59396,1569],{"class":41},[31,59398,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,59400,134],{"class":133},[31,59402,137],{"class":41},[31,59404,8928],{"class":140},[31,59406,70],{"class":41},[31,59408,41865],{"class":140},[31,59410,137],{"class":41},[31,59412,3049],{"class":140},[31,59414,1569],{"class":41},[31,59416,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,59418,134],{"class":133},[31,59420,137],{"class":41},[31,59422,3022],{"class":140},[31,59424,4464],{"class":4457},[31,59426,8985],{"class":140},[31,59428,120],{"class":41},[31,59430,59431,59433,59435,59437,59439],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,59432,6543],{"class":4457},[31,59434,6546],{"class":37},[31,59436,4464],{"class":4457},[31,59438,8985],{"class":37},[31,59440,6978],{"class":41},[31,59442,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,59444,8657],{"class":133},[31,59446,137],{"class":41},[31,59448,42385],{"class":133},[31,59450,137],{"class":41},[31,59452,23910],{"class":140},[31,59454,1569],{"class":41},[14,59456,59457],{},"These checks can help you see:",[228,59459,59460,59463,59466],{},[231,59461,59462],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[231,59464,59465],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[231,59467,59468],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59470,59471],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[228,59473,59474,59479,59482,59489],{},[231,59475,51100,59476,59478],{},[28,59477,57899],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[231,59480,59481],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[231,59483,11700,59484,59486,59487],{},[28,59485,57904],{}," with string ",[28,59488,57899],{},[231,59490,59491],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[72,59493,2435],{"id":2434},[613,59495,13299,59497,59499],{"id":59496},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[28,59498,57904],{}," change the list?",[14,59501,59502],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[613,59504,59506],{"id":59505},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59508,12505,59509,70],{},[28,59510,1243],{},[613,59512,5752,59514,59516],{"id":59513},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[28,59515,57904],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59518,59519],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[613,59521,15501,59523,59525],{"id":59522},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[28,59524,57904],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59527,42758,59528,4975,59530,59532],{},[28,59529,58445],{},[28,59531,58442],{}," are different values.",[613,59534,5740,59536,59538,59539,2466],{"id":59535},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[28,59537,4181],{}," sometimes count like ",[28,59540,146],{},[14,59542,9376,59543,59545,59546,4975,59548,59545,59550,70],{},[28,59544,4181],{}," compares equal to ",[28,59547,146],{},[28,59549,4251],{},[28,59551,1243],{},[72,59553,2475],{"id":2474},[228,59555,59556,59560,59566,59570,59578,59585],{},[231,59557,59558],{},[264,59559,53380],{"href":51587},[231,59561,59562],{},[264,59563,59565],{"href":59564},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[231,59567,59568],{},[264,59569,7522],{"href":6781},[231,59571,59572],{},[264,59573,56129,59575,11333],{"href":59574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[28,59576,59577],{},"index()",[231,59579,59580],{},[264,59581,4152,59583],{"href":59582},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[28,59584,42967],{},[231,59586,59587],{},[264,59588,59589],{"href":59103},"What is a list in Python",[2499,59591,59592],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":59594},[59595,59596,59598,59599,59600,59606,59612,59614,59622,59633],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":57996,"depth":123,"text":59597},"What list.count() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":38624,"depth":123,"text":38625},{"id":58318,"depth":123,"text":58319,"children":59601},[59602,59603,59605],{"id":58350,"depth":130,"text":58351},{"id":58449,"depth":130,"text":59604},"1 and True can match",{"id":58548,"depth":130,"text":58549},{"id":58626,"depth":123,"text":58627,"children":59607},[59608,59609,59610,59611],{"id":58630,"depth":130,"text":58631},{"id":58709,"depth":130,"text":58710},{"id":58806,"depth":130,"text":58807},{"id":58881,"depth":130,"text":58882},{"id":58982,"depth":123,"text":59613},"When to use count()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":59615},[59616,59617,59619,59620],{"id":59113,"depth":130,"text":59114},{"id":59202,"depth":130,"text":59618},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59289,"depth":130,"text":59290},{"id":59362,"depth":130,"text":59621},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":59623},[59624,59626,59627,59629,59631],{"id":59496,"depth":130,"text":59625},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59505,"depth":130,"text":59506},{"id":59513,"depth":130,"text":59628},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59522,"depth":130,"text":59630},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59535,"depth":130,"text":59632},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57891,"description":59634},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59641,"title":59642,"body":59643,"description":61604,"extension":2542,"meta":61605,"navigation":126,"path":61606,"seo":61607,"stem":61608,"__hash__":61609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59644,"toc":61567},[59645,59648,59651,59653,59781,59785,59866,59877,59879,59898,59902,59905,59908,59926,59928,59971,59975,60000,60009,60013,60018,60021,60138,60142,60211,60215,60227,60231,60234,60275,60279,60292,60295,60380,60384,60417,60424,60430,60435,60437,60449,60453,60486,60490,60522,60526,60563,60567,60587,60591,60625,60629,60658,60669,60673,60676,60679,60692,60749,60753,60792,60798,60801,60803,60806,60810,60813,60838,60840,60865,60872,60875,60920,60924,60943,60946,60985,60992,60997,61031,61035,61135,61142,61175,61179,61205,61209,61212,61250,61253,61290,61294,61297,61315,61319,61380,61382,61400,61404,61407,61410,61439,61441,61445,61448,61456,61460,61463,61483,61489,61495,61499,61502,61509,61517,61519,61558,61564],[10,59646,59642],{"id":59647},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59649,59650],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[72,59652,4186],{"id":4185},[21,59654,59656],{"className":23,"code":59655,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[28,59657,59658,59678,59710,59718,59736,59740,59750,59760,59771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59659,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59661,85],{"class":37},[31,59663,89],{"class":88},[31,59665,4200],{"class":41},[31,59667,146],{"class":95},[31,59669,99],{"class":41},[31,59671,3571],{"class":95},[31,59673,99],{"class":41},[31,59675,3027],{"class":95},[31,59677,59],{"class":41},[31,59679,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59681,5578],{"class":37},[31,59683,89],{"class":88},[31,59685,4200],{"class":41},[31,59687,260],{"class":259},[31,59689,13476],{"class":263},[31,59691,260],{"class":259},[31,59693,99],{"class":41},[31,59695,271],{"class":259},[31,59697,36547],{"class":263},[31,59699,260],{"class":259},[31,59701,99],{"class":41},[31,59703,271],{"class":259},[31,59705,36556],{"class":263},[31,59707,260],{"class":259},[31,59709,59],{"class":41},[31,59711,59712,59714,59716],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,59713,56540],{"class":37},[31,59715,89],{"class":88},[31,59717,8426],{"class":41},[31,59719,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,59721,252],{"class":37},[31,59723,89],{"class":88},[31,59725,23159],{"class":1561},[31,59727,137],{"class":41},[31,59729,260],{"class":259},[31,59731,42166],{"class":263},[31,59733,260],{"class":259},[31,59735,120],{"class":41},[31,59737,59738],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,59739,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,59741,59742,59744,59746,59748],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,59743,134],{"class":133},[31,59745,137],{"class":41},[31,59747,141],{"class":140},[31,59749,120],{"class":41},[31,59751,59752,59754,59756,59758],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,59753,134],{"class":133},[31,59755,137],{"class":41},[31,59757,5622],{"class":140},[31,59759,120],{"class":41},[31,59761,59762,59764,59766,59769],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,59763,134],{"class":133},[31,59765,137],{"class":41},[31,59767,59768],{"class":140},"empty_list",[31,59770,120],{"class":41},[31,59772,59773,59775,59777,59779],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,59774,134],{"class":133},[31,59776,137],{"class":41},[31,59778,353],{"class":140},[31,59780,120],{"class":41},[14,59782,59783],{},[67,59784,358],{},[21,59786,59788],{"className":23,"code":59787,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[28,59789,59790,59806,59834,59838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59791,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59793,42],{"class":41},[31,59795,146],{"class":95},[31,59797,99],{"class":41},[31,59799,3571],{"class":95},[31,59801,99],{"class":41},[31,59803,3027],{"class":95},[31,59805,59],{"class":41},[31,59807,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59809,42],{"class":41},[31,59811,370],{"class":259},[31,59813,13476],{"class":263},[31,59815,370],{"class":259},[31,59817,99],{"class":41},[31,59819,379],{"class":259},[31,59821,36547],{"class":263},[31,59823,370],{"class":259},[31,59825,99],{"class":41},[31,59827,379],{"class":259},[31,59829,36556],{"class":263},[31,59831,370],{"class":259},[31,59833,59],{"class":41},[31,59835,59836],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,59837,38902],{"class":41},[31,59839,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,59841,42],{"class":41},[31,59843,370],{"class":259},[31,59845,264],{"class":263},[31,59847,370],{"class":259},[31,59849,99],{"class":41},[31,59851,379],{"class":259},[31,59853,274],{"class":263},[31,59855,370],{"class":259},[31,59857,99],{"class":41},[31,59859,379],{"class":259},[31,59861,283],{"class":263},[31,59863,370],{"class":259},[31,59865,59],{"class":41},[14,59867,59868,59869,59871,59872,59874,59875,70],{},"Use square brackets ",[28,59870,4366],{}," for most lists. Use ",[28,59873,25381],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[28,59876,36802],{},[72,59878,15761],{"id":15760},[228,59880,59881,59884,59887,59890,59895],{},[231,59882,59883],{},"What a list is in Python",[231,59885,59886],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[231,59888,59889],{},"How to create an empty list",[231,59891,59892,59893,2879],{},"How to create a list with the ",[28,59894,25381],{},[231,59896,59897],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[72,59899,59901],{"id":59900},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59903,59904],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59906,59907],{},"This means:",[228,59909,59910,59913,59916,59919],{},[231,59911,59912],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[231,59914,59915],{},"The order of items is kept",[231,59917,59918],{},"A list can hold different data types",[231,59920,59921,59922,59925],{},"A list is ",[67,59923,59924],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59927,242],{},[21,59929,59931],{"className":23,"code":59930,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,59932,59933,59957,59961],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59934,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59936,8368],{"class":37},[31,59938,89],{"class":88},[31,59940,4200],{"class":41},[31,59942,260],{"class":259},[31,59944,4660],{"class":263},[31,59946,260],{"class":259},[31,59948,99],{"class":41},[31,59950,1026],{"class":95},[31,59952,99],{"class":41},[31,59954,4496],{"class":4432},[31,59956,59],{"class":41},[31,59958,59959],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,59960,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,59962,59963,59965,59967,59969],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,59964,134],{"class":133},[31,59966,137],{"class":41},[31,59968,8397],{"class":140},[31,59970,120],{"class":41},[14,59972,59973],{},[67,59974,358],{},[21,59976,59978],{"className":23,"code":59977,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[28,59979,59980],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,59981,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,59983,42],{"class":41},[31,59985,370],{"class":259},[31,59987,4660],{"class":263},[31,59989,370],{"class":259},[31,59991,99],{"class":41},[31,59993,1026],{"class":95},[31,59995,99],{"class":41},[31,59997,4496],{"class":4432},[31,59999,59],{"class":41},[14,60001,60002,60003,3456,60006,70],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[264,60004,60005],{"href":51587},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[264,60007,60008],{"href":59103},"What is a List in Python?",[72,60010,60012],{"id":60011},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,60014,59868,60015,60017],{},[28,60016,4366],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,60019,60020],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[21,60022,60024],{"className":23,"code":60023,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[28,60025,60026,60046,60078,60103,60107,60117,60127],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60027,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60029,85],{"class":37},[31,60031,89],{"class":88},[31,60033,4200],{"class":41},[31,60035,146],{"class":95},[31,60037,99],{"class":41},[31,60039,3571],{"class":95},[31,60041,99],{"class":41},[31,60043,3027],{"class":95},[31,60045,59],{"class":41},[31,60047,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60049,5578],{"class":37},[31,60051,89],{"class":88},[31,60053,4200],{"class":41},[31,60055,260],{"class":259},[31,60057,13476],{"class":263},[31,60059,260],{"class":259},[31,60061,99],{"class":41},[31,60063,271],{"class":259},[31,60065,36547],{"class":263},[31,60067,260],{"class":259},[31,60069,99],{"class":41},[31,60071,271],{"class":259},[31,60073,36556],{"class":263},[31,60075,260],{"class":259},[31,60077,59],{"class":41},[31,60079,60080,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,60081,60082],{"class":37},"mixed ",[31,60084,89],{"class":88},[31,60086,4200],{"class":41},[31,60088,96],{"class":95},[31,60090,99],{"class":41},[31,60092,271],{"class":259},[31,60094,4425],{"class":263},[31,60096,260],{"class":259},[31,60098,99],{"class":41},[31,60100,4487],{"class":4432},[31,60102,59],{"class":41},[31,60104,60105],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,60106,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,60108,60109,60111,60113,60115],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,60110,134],{"class":133},[31,60112,137],{"class":41},[31,60114,141],{"class":140},[31,60116,120],{"class":41},[31,60118,60119,60121,60123,60125],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,60120,134],{"class":133},[31,60122,137],{"class":41},[31,60124,5622],{"class":140},[31,60126,120],{"class":41},[31,60128,60129,60131,60133,60136],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,60130,134],{"class":133},[31,60132,137],{"class":41},[31,60134,60135],{"class":140},"mixed",[31,60137,120],{"class":41},[14,60139,60140],{},[67,60141,358],{},[21,60143,60145],{"className":23,"code":60144,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[28,60146,60147,60163,60191],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60148,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60150,42],{"class":41},[31,60152,146],{"class":95},[31,60154,99],{"class":41},[31,60156,3571],{"class":95},[31,60158,99],{"class":41},[31,60160,3027],{"class":95},[31,60162,59],{"class":41},[31,60164,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60166,42],{"class":41},[31,60168,370],{"class":259},[31,60170,13476],{"class":263},[31,60172,370],{"class":259},[31,60174,99],{"class":41},[31,60176,379],{"class":259},[31,60178,36547],{"class":263},[31,60180,370],{"class":259},[31,60182,99],{"class":41},[31,60184,379],{"class":259},[31,60186,36556],{"class":263},[31,60188,370],{"class":259},[31,60190,59],{"class":41},[31,60192,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,60194,42],{"class":41},[31,60196,96],{"class":95},[31,60198,99],{"class":41},[31,60200,379],{"class":259},[31,60202,4425],{"class":263},[31,60204,370],{"class":259},[31,60206,99],{"class":41},[31,60208,4487],{"class":4432},[31,60210,59],{"class":41},[613,60212,60214],{"id":60213},"key-points","Key points",[228,60216,60217,60222,60224],{},[231,60218,2668,60219,60221],{},[28,60220,4366],{}," to make a new list",[231,60223,16030],{},[231,60225,60226],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[72,60228,60230],{"id":60229},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,60232,60233],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[21,60235,60237],{"className":23,"code":60236,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[28,60238,60239,60247,60251,60261],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60240,60241,60243,60245],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60242,8897],{"class":37},[31,60244,89],{"class":88},[31,60246,8426],{"class":41},[31,60248,60249],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60250,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,60252,60253,60255,60257,60259],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,60254,134],{"class":133},[31,60256,137],{"class":41},[31,60258,8928],{"class":140},[31,60260,120],{"class":41},[31,60262,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,60264,134],{"class":133},[31,60266,137],{"class":41},[31,60268,2408],{"class":133},[31,60270,137],{"class":41},[31,60272,8928],{"class":140},[31,60274,1569],{"class":41},[14,60276,60277],{},[67,60278,358],{},[21,60280,60282],{"className":23,"code":60281,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[]\n0\n",[28,60283,60284,60288],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60285,60286],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60287,38902],{"class":41},[31,60289,60290],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60291,47860],{"class":95},[14,60293,60294],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[21,60296,60298],{"className":23,"code":60297,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[28,60299,60300,60308,60312,60330,60348,60366,60370],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60301,60302,60304,60306],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60303,5578],{"class":37},[31,60305,89],{"class":88},[31,60307,8426],{"class":41},[31,60309,60310],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60311,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,60313,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,60315,5622],{"class":37},[31,60317,70],{"class":41},[31,60319,14150],{"class":140},[31,60321,137],{"class":41},[31,60323,260],{"class":259},[31,60325,13476],{"class":263},[31,60327,260],{"class":259},[31,60329,120],{"class":41},[31,60331,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,60333,5622],{"class":37},[31,60335,70],{"class":41},[31,60337,14150],{"class":140},[31,60339,137],{"class":41},[31,60341,260],{"class":259},[31,60343,36547],{"class":263},[31,60345,260],{"class":259},[31,60347,120],{"class":41},[31,60349,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362,60364],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,60351,5622],{"class":37},[31,60353,70],{"class":41},[31,60355,14150],{"class":140},[31,60357,137],{"class":41},[31,60359,260],{"class":259},[31,60361,36556],{"class":263},[31,60363,260],{"class":259},[31,60365,120],{"class":41},[31,60367,60368],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,60369,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,60371,60372,60374,60376,60378],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,60373,134],{"class":133},[31,60375,137],{"class":41},[31,60377,5622],{"class":140},[31,60379,120],{"class":41},[14,60381,60382],{},[67,60383,358],{},[21,60385,60387],{"className":23,"code":60386,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[28,60388,60389],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60390,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60392,42],{"class":41},[31,60394,370],{"class":259},[31,60396,13476],{"class":263},[31,60398,370],{"class":259},[31,60400,99],{"class":41},[31,60402,379],{"class":259},[31,60404,36547],{"class":263},[31,60406,370],{"class":259},[31,60408,99],{"class":41},[31,60410,379],{"class":259},[31,60412,36556],{"class":263},[31,60414,370],{"class":259},[31,60416,59],{"class":41},[14,60418,60419,60420,70],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[264,60421,60422,11333],{"href":57377},[28,60423,53261],{},[72,60425,60427,60428],{"id":60426},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[28,60429,25381],{},[14,60431,2668,60432,60434],{},[28,60433,25381],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,60436,6041],{},[228,60438,60439,60441,60443,60445],{},[231,60440,5892],{},[231,60442,5886],{},[231,60444,5889],{},[231,60446,60447],{},[28,60448,36802],{},[613,60450,60452],{"id":60451},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[21,60454,60456],{"className":23,"code":60455,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,60457,60458,60476],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60459,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60461,252],{"class":37},[31,60463,89],{"class":88},[31,60465,23159],{"class":1561},[31,60467,137],{"class":41},[31,60469,260],{"class":259},[31,60471,42166],{"class":263},[31,60473,260],{"class":259},[31,60475,120],{"class":41},[31,60477,60478,60480,60482,60484],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60479,134],{"class":133},[31,60481,137],{"class":41},[31,60483,353],{"class":140},[31,60485,120],{"class":41},[14,60487,60488],{},[67,60489,358],{},[21,60491,60492],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,60493,60494],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60495,60496,60498,60500,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60497,42],{"class":41},[31,60499,370],{"class":259},[31,60501,264],{"class":263},[31,60503,370],{"class":259},[31,60505,99],{"class":41},[31,60507,379],{"class":259},[31,60509,274],{"class":263},[31,60511,370],{"class":259},[31,60513,99],{"class":41},[31,60515,379],{"class":259},[31,60517,283],{"class":263},[31,60519,370],{"class":259},[31,60521,59],{"class":41},[613,60523,60525],{"id":60524},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[21,60527,60529],{"className":23,"code":60528,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,60530,60531,60553],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60532,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60534,85],{"class":37},[31,60536,89],{"class":88},[31,60538,23159],{"class":1561},[31,60540,6095],{"class":41},[31,60542,146],{"class":95},[31,60544,99],{"class":41},[31,60546,3571],{"class":95},[31,60548,99],{"class":41},[31,60550,3027],{"class":95},[31,60552,1569],{"class":41},[31,60554,60555,60557,60559,60561],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60556,134],{"class":133},[31,60558,137],{"class":41},[31,60560,141],{"class":140},[31,60562,120],{"class":41},[14,60564,60565],{},[67,60566,358],{},[21,60568,60569],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,60570,60571],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60572,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60574,42],{"class":41},[31,60576,146],{"class":95},[31,60578,99],{"class":41},[31,60580,3571],{"class":95},[31,60582,99],{"class":41},[31,60584,3027],{"class":95},[31,60586,59],{"class":41},[613,60588,60590],{"id":60589},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[21,60592,60594],{"className":23,"code":60593,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[28,60595,60596,60615],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60597,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60609,60611,60613],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60599,4402],{"class":37},[31,60601,89],{"class":88},[31,60603,23159],{"class":1561},[31,60605,137],{"class":41},[31,60607,60608],{"class":133},"range",[31,60610,137],{"class":41},[31,60612,559],{"class":95},[31,60614,1569],{"class":41},[31,60616,60617,60619,60621,60623],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60618,134],{"class":133},[31,60620,137],{"class":41},[31,60622,5942],{"class":140},[31,60624,120],{"class":41},[14,60626,60627],{},[67,60628,358],{},[21,60630,60632],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,60633,60634],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60635,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60637,42],{"class":41},[31,60639,1243],{"class":95},[31,60641,99],{"class":41},[31,60643,6082],{"class":95},[31,60645,99],{"class":41},[31,60647,3571],{"class":95},[31,60649,99],{"class":41},[31,60651,3027],{"class":95},[31,60653,99],{"class":41},[31,60655,3033],{"class":95},[31,60657,59],{"class":41},[14,60659,60660,60662,60663,70],{},[28,60661,25381],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[264,60664,60666,60668],{"href":60665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[28,60667,25381],{},": Function Explained",[72,60670,60672],{"id":60671},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60674,60675],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60677,60678],{},"Examples include:",[228,60680,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689],{},[231,60682,5892],{},[231,60684,41029],{},[231,60686,52654],{},[231,60688,41199],{},[231,60690,60691],{},"other lists",[21,60693,60695],{"className":23,"code":60694,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[28,60696,60697,60735,60739],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60698,60699,60701,60703,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60700,9757],{"class":37},[31,60702,89],{"class":88},[31,60704,4200],{"class":41},[31,60706,260],{"class":259},[31,60708,13476],{"class":263},[31,60710,260],{"class":259},[31,60712,99],{"class":41},[31,60714,9897],{"class":95},[31,60716,99],{"class":41},[31,60718,4496],{"class":4432},[31,60720,99],{"class":41},[31,60722,4200],{"class":41},[31,60724,146],{"class":95},[31,60726,99],{"class":41},[31,60728,3571],{"class":95},[31,60730,99],{"class":41},[31,60732,3027],{"class":95},[31,60734,53851],{"class":41},[31,60736,60737],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60738,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,60740,60741,60743,60745,60747],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,60742,134],{"class":133},[31,60744,137],{"class":41},[31,60746,9796],{"class":140},[31,60748,120],{"class":41},[14,60750,60751],{},[67,60752,358],{},[21,60754,60756],{"className":23,"code":60755,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[28,60757,60758],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60759,60760,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60790],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60761,42],{"class":41},[31,60763,370],{"class":259},[31,60765,13476],{"class":263},[31,60767,370],{"class":259},[31,60769,99],{"class":41},[31,60771,9897],{"class":95},[31,60773,99],{"class":41},[31,60775,4496],{"class":4432},[31,60777,99],{"class":41},[31,60779,4200],{"class":41},[31,60781,146],{"class":95},[31,60783,99],{"class":41},[31,60785,3571],{"class":95},[31,60787,99],{"class":41},[31,60789,3027],{"class":95},[31,60791,53851],{"class":41},[14,60793,60794,60795,70],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[67,60796,60797],{},"nested list",[14,60799,60800],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[72,60802,5101],{"id":5100},[14,60804,60805],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[613,60807,60809],{"id":60808},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60811,60812],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[21,60814,60816],{"className":23,"code":60815,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[28,60817,60818,60822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60819,60820],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60821,5117],{"class":157},[31,60823,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60825,85],{"class":37},[31,60827,89],{"class":88},[31,60829,4200],{"class":41},[31,60831,146],{"class":95},[31,60833,3571],{"class":95},[31,60835,3027],{"class":95},[31,60837,59],{"class":41},[14,60839,11400],{},[21,60841,60843],{"className":23,"code":60842,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,60844,60845],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60846,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60848,85],{"class":37},[31,60850,89],{"class":88},[31,60852,4200],{"class":41},[31,60854,146],{"class":95},[31,60856,99],{"class":41},[31,60858,3571],{"class":95},[31,60860,99],{"class":41},[31,60862,3027],{"class":95},[31,60864,59],{"class":41},[613,60866,9007,60868,11685,60870],{"id":60867},"using-instead-of",[28,60869,7953],{},[28,60871,4366],{},[14,60873,60874],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[21,60876,60878],{"className":23,"code":60877,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[28,60879,60880,60901,60905],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60881,60882,60885,60887,60889,60891,60893,60895,60897,60899],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60883,60884],{"class":37},"my_values ",[31,60886,89],{"class":88},[31,60888,92],{"class":41},[31,60890,146],{"class":95},[31,60892,99],{"class":41},[31,60894,3571],{"class":95},[31,60896,99],{"class":41},[31,60898,3027],{"class":95},[31,60900,120],{"class":41},[31,60902,60903],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60904,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,60906,60907,60909,60911,60913,60915,60918],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,60908,134],{"class":133},[31,60910,137],{"class":41},[31,60912,1562],{"class":1561},[31,60914,137],{"class":41},[31,60916,60917],{"class":140},"my_values",[31,60919,1569],{"class":41},[14,60921,60922],{},[67,60923,358],{},[21,60925,60927],{"className":23,"code":60926,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[28,60928,60929],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60930,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939,60941],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60932,1593],{"class":88},[31,60934,1597],{"class":1596},[31,60936,379],{"class":259},[31,60938,38],{"class":263},[31,60940,370],{"class":259},[31,60942,1606],{"class":88},[14,60944,60945],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[21,60947,60949],{"className":23,"code":60948,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[28,60950,60951,60971],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,60952,60953,60955,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,60954,60884],{"class":37},[31,60956,89],{"class":88},[31,60958,4200],{"class":41},[31,60960,146],{"class":95},[31,60962,99],{"class":41},[31,60964,3571],{"class":95},[31,60966,99],{"class":41},[31,60968,3027],{"class":95},[31,60970,59],{"class":41},[31,60972,60973,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,60974,134],{"class":133},[31,60976,137],{"class":41},[31,60978,1562],{"class":1561},[31,60980,137],{"class":41},[31,60982,60917],{"class":140},[31,60984,1569],{"class":41},[613,60986,9043,60988,60991],{"id":60987},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[28,60989,60990],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60993,60994,60996],{},[28,60995,25381],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[21,60998,61000],{"className":23,"code":60999,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[28,61001,61002,61021],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61003,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61017,61019],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61005,1522],{"class":37},[31,61007,89],{"class":88},[31,61009,23159],{"class":1561},[31,61011,137],{"class":41},[31,61013,260],{"class":259},[31,61015,61016],{"class":263},"hello world",[31,61018,260],{"class":259},[31,61020,120],{"class":41},[31,61022,61023,61025,61027,61029],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61024,134],{"class":133},[31,61026,137],{"class":41},[31,61028,1550],{"class":140},[31,61030,120],{"class":41},[14,61032,61033],{},[67,61034,358],{},[21,61036,61038],{"className":23,"code":61037,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[28,61039,61040],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61041,61042,61044,61046,61049,61051,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61076,61078,61080,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61098,61100,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127,61129,61131,61133],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61043,42],{"class":41},[31,61045,370],{"class":259},[31,61047,61048],{"class":263},"h",[31,61050,370],{"class":259},[31,61052,99],{"class":41},[31,61054,379],{"class":259},[31,61056,301],{"class":263},[31,61058,370],{"class":259},[31,61060,99],{"class":41},[31,61062,379],{"class":259},[31,61064,61065],{"class":263},"l",[31,61067,370],{"class":259},[31,61069,99],{"class":41},[31,61071,379],{"class":259},[31,61073,61065],{"class":263},[31,61075,370],{"class":259},[31,61077,99],{"class":41},[31,61079,379],{"class":259},[31,61081,61082],{"class":263},"o",[31,61084,370],{"class":259},[31,61086,99],{"class":41},[31,61088,379],{"class":259},[31,61090,379],{"class":259},[31,61092,99],{"class":41},[31,61094,379],{"class":259},[31,61096,61097],{"class":263},"w",[31,61099,370],{"class":259},[31,61101,99],{"class":41},[31,61103,379],{"class":259},[31,61105,61082],{"class":263},[31,61107,370],{"class":259},[31,61109,99],{"class":41},[31,61111,379],{"class":259},[31,61113,61114],{"class":263},"r",[31,61116,370],{"class":259},[31,61118,99],{"class":41},[31,61120,379],{"class":259},[31,61122,61065],{"class":263},[31,61124,370],{"class":259},[31,61126,99],{"class":41},[31,61128,379],{"class":259},[31,61130,292],{"class":263},[31,61132,370],{"class":259},[31,61134,59],{"class":41},[14,61136,61137,61138,61141],{},"If you want words, use ",[28,61139,61140],{},"split()"," instead:",[21,61143,61145],{"className":23,"code":61144,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[28,61146,61147,61165],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61148,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161,61163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61150,4651],{"class":37},[31,61152,89],{"class":88},[31,61154,271],{"class":259},[31,61156,61016],{"class":263},[31,61158,260],{"class":259},[31,61160,70],{"class":41},[31,61162,35073],{"class":140},[31,61164,1772],{"class":41},[31,61166,61167,61169,61171,61173],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61168,134],{"class":133},[31,61170,137],{"class":41},[31,61172,4695],{"class":140},[31,61174,120],{"class":41},[14,61176,61177],{},[67,61178,358],{},[21,61180,61182],{"className":23,"code":61181,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['hello', 'world']\n",[28,61183,61184],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61185,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198,61201,61203],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61187,42],{"class":41},[31,61189,370],{"class":259},[31,61191,4425],{"class":263},[31,61193,370],{"class":259},[31,61195,99],{"class":41},[31,61197,379],{"class":259},[31,61199,61200],{"class":263},"world",[31,61202,370],{"class":259},[31,61204,59],{"class":41},[613,61206,61208],{"id":61207},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,61210,61211],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[21,61213,61215],{"className":23,"code":61214,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[28,61216,61217,61221],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61218,61219],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61220,5117],{"class":157},[31,61222,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239,61242,61244,61246,61248],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61224,5578],{"class":37},[31,61226,89],{"class":88},[31,61228,4200],{"class":41},[31,61230,260],{"class":259},[31,61232,13476],{"class":263},[31,61234,260],{"class":259},[31,61236,99],{"class":41},[31,61238,271],{"class":259},[31,61240,61241],{"class":263},"Ben', ",[31,61243,260],{"class":259},[31,61245,36556],{"class":37},[31,61247,260],{"class":259},[31,61249,59],{"class":263},[14,61251,61252],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[21,61254,61256],{"className":23,"code":61255,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[28,61257,61258],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61259,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61261,5578],{"class":37},[31,61263,89],{"class":88},[31,61265,4200],{"class":41},[31,61267,260],{"class":259},[31,61269,13476],{"class":263},[31,61271,260],{"class":259},[31,61273,99],{"class":41},[31,61275,271],{"class":259},[31,61277,36547],{"class":263},[31,61279,260],{"class":259},[31,61281,99],{"class":41},[31,61283,271],{"class":259},[31,61285,36556],{"class":263},[31,61287,260],{"class":259},[31,61289,59],{"class":41},[613,61291,61293],{"id":61292},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,61295,61296],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[228,61298,61299,61301,61304,61309],{},[231,61300,1998],{},[231,61302,61303],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[231,61305,61306,61307],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[28,61308,25381],{},[231,61310,9043,61311,61314],{},[28,61312,61313],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[613,61316,61318],{"id":61317},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[21,61320,61322],{"className":23,"code":61321,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[28,61323,61324,61334,61348,61362],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61325,61326,61328,61330,61332],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61327,134],{"class":133},[31,61329,137],{"class":41},[31,61331,8928],{"class":140},[31,61333,120],{"class":41},[31,61335,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61337,134],{"class":133},[31,61339,137],{"class":41},[31,61341,1562],{"class":1561},[31,61343,137],{"class":41},[31,61345,8928],{"class":140},[31,61347,1569],{"class":41},[31,61349,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,61351,134],{"class":133},[31,61353,137],{"class":41},[31,61355,2408],{"class":133},[31,61357,137],{"class":41},[31,61359,8928],{"class":140},[31,61361,1569],{"class":41},[31,61363,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,61365,134],{"class":133},[31,61367,137],{"class":41},[31,61369,8682],{"class":1561},[31,61371,137],{"class":41},[31,61373,60608],{"class":133},[31,61375,137],{"class":41},[31,61377,559],{"class":95},[31,61379,3490],{"class":41},[14,61381,26609],{},[228,61383,61384,61387,61390,61393],{},[231,61385,61386],{},"what the list contains",[231,61388,61389],{},"whether the value is really a list",[231,61391,61392],{},"how many items it has",[231,61394,26620,61395,61397,61398],{},[28,61396,25381],{}," does with ",[28,61399,36802],{},[72,61401,61403],{"id":61402},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,61405,61406],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,61408,61409],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[228,61411,61412,61427,61432],{},[231,61413,2668,61414,2766,61418,17670,61422,61426],{},[264,61415,61416],{"href":57377},[28,61417,53261],{},[264,61419,61420],{"href":53953},[28,61421,54055],{},[264,61423,61424],{"href":54517},[28,61425,54877],{}," to add items later",[231,61428,2668,61429,61431],{},[264,61430,60005],{"href":51587}," for a broader introduction",[231,61433,2668,61434,61438],{},[264,61435,61436,60668],{"href":60665},[28,61437,25381],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[72,61440,2435],{"id":2434},[613,61442,61444],{"id":61443},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,61446,61447],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[21,61449,61450],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,61451,61452],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61453,61454],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61455,38902],{"class":41},[613,61457,61459],{"id":61458},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61461,61462],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[21,61464,61465],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,61466,61467],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61468,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61470,42],{"class":41},[31,61472,146],{"class":95},[31,61474,99],{"class":41},[31,61476,3571],{"class":95},[31,61478,99],{"class":41},[31,61480,3027],{"class":95},[31,61482,59],{"class":41},[613,61484,2453,61486,61488],{"id":61485},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[28,61487,25381],{}," do in Python?",[14,61490,61491,61492,61494],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[28,61493,36802],{},", into a list.",[613,61496,61498],{"id":61497},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61500,61501],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[613,61503,5762,61505,4975,61507,2466],{"id":61504},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[28,61506,4366],{},[28,61508,7953],{},[14,61510,61511,61513,61514,61516],{},[28,61512,4366],{}," creates a list. ",[28,61515,7953],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[72,61518,2475],{"id":2474},[228,61520,61521,61525,61531,61537,61543,61549,61553],{},[231,61522,61523],{},[264,61524,60005],{"href":51587},[231,61526,61527],{},[264,61528,56129,61529,11914],{"href":57377},[28,61530,53261],{},[231,61532,61533],{},[264,61534,56129,61535,11914],{"href":53953},[28,61536,54055],{},[231,61538,61539],{},[264,61540,56129,61541,11914],{"href":54517},[28,61542,54877],{},[231,61544,61545],{},[264,61546,4152,61547,4156],{"href":60665},[28,61548,25381],{},[231,61550,61551],{},[264,61552,60008],{"href":59103},[231,61554,61555],{},[264,61556,61557],{"href":12659},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61559,61560,61561,61563],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[28,61562,53261],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2499,61565,61566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":61568},[61569,61570,61571,61572,61575,61576,61582,61583,61593,61594,61603],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":59900,"depth":123,"text":59901},{"id":60011,"depth":123,"text":60012,"children":61573},[61574],{"id":60213,"depth":130,"text":60214},{"id":60229,"depth":123,"text":60230},{"id":60426,"depth":123,"text":61577,"children":61578},"Create a list with list()",[61579,61580,61581],{"id":60451,"depth":130,"text":60452},{"id":60524,"depth":130,"text":60525},{"id":60589,"depth":130,"text":60590},{"id":60671,"depth":123,"text":60672},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":61584},[61585,61586,61588,61590,61591,61592],{"id":60808,"depth":130,"text":60809},{"id":60867,"depth":130,"text":61587},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60987,"depth":130,"text":61589},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61207,"depth":130,"text":61208},{"id":61292,"depth":130,"text":61293},{"id":61317,"depth":130,"text":61318},{"id":61402,"depth":123,"text":61403},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":61595},[61596,61597,61598,61600,61601],{"id":61443,"depth":130,"text":61444},{"id":61458,"depth":130,"text":61459},{"id":61485,"depth":130,"text":61599},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61497,"depth":130,"text":61498},{"id":61504,"depth":130,"text":61602},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59642,"description":61604},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61611,"title":61612,"body":61613,"description":63354,"extension":2542,"meta":63355,"navigation":126,"path":63356,"seo":63357,"stem":63358,"__hash__":63359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61614,"toc":63309},[61615,61620,61625,61628,61630,61701,61706,61711,61715,61729,61734,61736,61756,61761,61764,61787,61791,61796,61888,61890,61912,61918,61924,61931,61938,61944,62001,62007,62065,62067,62079,62087,62093,62098,62102,62159,62162,62166,62225,62228,62232,62290,62302,62306,62359,62362,62366,62372,62378,62440,62443,62504,62507,62563,62568,62570,62574,62581,62642,62647,62656,62712,62719,62723,62781,62790,62848,62852,62887,62891,62901,62904,62959,62973,62976,63091,63096,63100,63111,63113,63192,63202,63204,63209,63214,63221,63229,63235,63238,63244,63247,63253,63259,63261,63297,63306],[10,61616,54951,61618,11914],{"id":61617},"python-list-extend-method",[28,61619,54055],{},[14,61621,61622,61624],{},[28,61623,53956],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61626,61627],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[72,61629,75],{"id":74},[21,61631,61633],{"className":23,"code":61632,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,61634,61635,61651,61668,61672,61687,61697],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61636,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61638,85],{"class":37},[31,61640,89],{"class":88},[31,61642,4200],{"class":41},[31,61644,146],{"class":95},[31,61646,99],{"class":41},[31,61648,3571],{"class":95},[31,61650,59],{"class":41},[31,61652,61653,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61654,61655],{"class":37},"more_numbers ",[31,61657,89],{"class":88},[31,61659,4200],{"class":41},[31,61661,173],{"class":95},[31,61663,99],{"class":41},[31,61665,3033],{"class":95},[31,61667,59],{"class":41},[31,61669,61670],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,61671,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,61673,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61685],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,61675,141],{"class":37},[31,61677,70],{"class":41},[31,61679,54085],{"class":140},[31,61681,137],{"class":41},[31,61683,61684],{"class":140},"more_numbers",[31,61686,120],{"class":41},[31,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,61690,134],{"class":133},[31,61692,137],{"class":41},[31,61694,141],{"class":140},[31,61696,120],{"class":41},[31,61698,61699],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,61700,53332],{"class":157},[14,61702,2668,61703,61705],{},[28,61704,54055],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[72,61707,4255,61709,4258],{"id":61708},"what-listextend-does",[28,61710,53956],{},[14,61712,61713,48],{},[28,61714,54055],{},[228,61716,61717,61720,61722,61725],{},[231,61718,61719],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[231,61721,55037],{},[231,61723,61724],{},"Does not create a new list",[231,61726,12016,61727],{},[28,61728,4357],{},[14,61730,61731,61732,54410],{},"This is an important point: ",[28,61733,54055],{},[72,61735,2733],{"id":2732},[21,61737,61739],{"className":23,"code":61738,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[28,61740,61741],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61742,61743,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61744,61745],{"class":37},"list_name",[31,61747,70],{"class":41},[31,61749,54085],{"class":140},[31,61751,137],{"class":41},[31,61753,4299],{"class":140},[31,61755,120],{"class":41},[14,61757,6036,61758,61760],{},[67,61759,4299],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61762,61763],{},"Common iterables include:",[228,61765,61766,61770,61774,61778,61783],{},[231,61767,61768],{},[28,61769,8682],{},[231,61771,61772],{},[28,61773,38],{},[231,61775,61776],{},[28,61777,6871],{},[231,61779,61780],{},[28,61781,61782],{},"string",[231,61784,61785],{},[28,61786,60608],{},[72,61788,61790],{"id":61789},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61792,61793,61794,48],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[28,61795,54055],{},[21,61797,61799],{"className":23,"code":61798,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[28,61800,61801,61825,61850,61854,61869,61873,61883],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61802,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61804,36843],{"class":37},[31,61806,89],{"class":88},[31,61808,4200],{"class":41},[31,61810,260],{"class":259},[31,61812,4660],{"class":263},[31,61814,260],{"class":259},[31,61816,99],{"class":41},[31,61818,271],{"class":259},[31,61820,4669],{"class":263},[31,61822,260],{"class":259},[31,61824,59],{"class":41},[31,61826,61827,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61828,61829],{"class":37},"more_fruits ",[31,61831,89],{"class":88},[31,61833,4200],{"class":41},[31,61835,260],{"class":259},[31,61837,33825],{"class":263},[31,61839,260],{"class":259},[31,61841,99],{"class":41},[31,61843,271],{"class":259},[31,61845,23132],{"class":263},[31,61847,260],{"class":259},[31,61849,59],{"class":41},[31,61851,61852],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,61853,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,61855,61856,61858,61860,61862,61864,61867],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,61857,36895],{"class":37},[31,61859,70],{"class":41},[31,61861,54085],{"class":140},[31,61863,137],{"class":41},[31,61865,61866],{"class":140},"more_fruits",[31,61868,120],{"class":41},[31,61870,61871],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,61872,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,61874,61875,61877,61879,61881],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,61876,134],{"class":133},[31,61878,137],{"class":41},[31,61880,36895],{"class":140},[31,61882,120],{"class":41},[31,61884,61885],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,61886,61887],{"class":157},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61889,12277],{},[228,61891,61892,61897,61902],{},[231,61893,61894,61896],{},[28,61895,36895],{}," starts with two items",[231,61898,61899,61901],{},[28,61900,61866],{}," has two more items",[231,61903,61904,61906,61907,61909,61910],{},[28,61905,54055],{}," adds each item from ",[28,61908,61866],{}," to ",[28,61911,36895],{},[14,61913,61914,61915,61917],{},"After the method runs, ",[28,61916,36895],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61919,55176,61920,4975,61922,70],{},[264,61921,53380],{"href":51587},[264,61923,57763],{"href":57762},[72,61925,61927,11177,61929],{"id":61926},"extend-vs-append",[28,61928,54055],{},[28,61930,53261],{},[14,61932,61933,4975,61935,61937],{},[28,61934,54055],{},[28,61936,53261],{}," are often confused.",[613,61939,61941,61943],{"id":61940},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[28,61942,54055],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[21,61945,61947],{"className":23,"code":61946,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,61948,61949,61965,61983,61987,61997],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,61950,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,61952,85],{"class":37},[31,61954,89],{"class":88},[31,61956,4200],{"class":41},[31,61958,146],{"class":95},[31,61960,99],{"class":41},[31,61962,3571],{"class":95},[31,61964,59],{"class":41},[31,61966,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,61968,141],{"class":37},[31,61970,70],{"class":41},[31,61972,54085],{"class":140},[31,61974,3564],{"class":41},[31,61976,173],{"class":95},[31,61978,99],{"class":41},[31,61980,3033],{"class":95},[31,61982,566],{"class":41},[31,61984,61985],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,61986,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,61988,61989,61991,61993,61995],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,61990,134],{"class":133},[31,61992,137],{"class":41},[31,61994,141],{"class":140},[31,61996,120],{"class":41},[31,61998,61999],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62000,53332],{"class":157},[613,62002,62004,62006],{"id":62003},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[28,62005,53261],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[21,62008,62010],{"className":23,"code":62009,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[28,62011,62012,62028,62046,62050,62060],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62013,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62015,85],{"class":37},[31,62017,89],{"class":88},[31,62019,4200],{"class":41},[31,62021,146],{"class":95},[31,62023,99],{"class":41},[31,62025,3571],{"class":95},[31,62027,59],{"class":41},[31,62029,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62031,141],{"class":37},[31,62033,70],{"class":41},[31,62035,14150],{"class":140},[31,62037,3564],{"class":41},[31,62039,173],{"class":95},[31,62041,99],{"class":41},[31,62043,3033],{"class":95},[31,62045,566],{"class":41},[31,62047,62048],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62049,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62053,134],{"class":133},[31,62055,137],{"class":41},[31,62057,141],{"class":140},[31,62059,120],{"class":41},[31,62061,62062],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62063,62064],{"class":157},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,62066,19294],{},[228,62068,62069,62074],{},[231,62070,62071,62073],{},[28,62072,54055],{}," to combine values",[231,62075,62076,62078],{},[28,62077,53261],{}," to add one item",[14,62080,42699,62081,4975,62085,70],{},[264,62082,56129,62083,11333],{"href":57377},[28,62084,53261],{},[264,62086,53658],{"href":53657},[72,62088,9007,62090,62092],{"id":62089},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[28,62091,54055],{}," with different iterables",[14,62094,62095,62097],{},[28,62096,54055],{}," works with more than just lists.",[613,62099,62101],{"id":62100},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[21,62103,62105],{"className":23,"code":62104,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,62106,62107,62123,62141,62145,62155],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62108,62109,62111,62113,62115,62117,62119,62121],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62110,4402],{"class":37},[31,62112,89],{"class":88},[31,62114,4200],{"class":41},[31,62116,146],{"class":95},[31,62118,99],{"class":41},[31,62120,3571],{"class":95},[31,62122,59],{"class":41},[31,62124,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62126,5942],{"class":37},[31,62128,70],{"class":41},[31,62130,54085],{"class":140},[31,62132,6095],{"class":41},[31,62134,173],{"class":95},[31,62136,99],{"class":41},[31,62138,3033],{"class":95},[31,62140,1569],{"class":41},[31,62142,62143],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62144,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62146,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62148,134],{"class":133},[31,62150,137],{"class":41},[31,62152,5942],{"class":140},[31,62154,120],{"class":41},[31,62156,62157],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62158,53332],{"class":157},[14,62160,62161],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[613,62163,62165],{"id":62164},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[21,62167,62169],{"className":23,"code":62168,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[28,62170,62171,62187,62206,62210,62220],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62172,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62174,252],{"class":37},[31,62176,89],{"class":88},[31,62178,4200],{"class":41},[31,62180,260],{"class":259},[31,62182,264],{"class":263},[31,62184,260],{"class":259},[31,62186,59],{"class":41},[31,62188,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62202,62204],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62190,353],{"class":37},[31,62192,70],{"class":41},[31,62194,54085],{"class":140},[31,62196,137],{"class":41},[31,62198,260],{"class":259},[31,62200,62201],{"class":263},"bc",[31,62203,260],{"class":259},[31,62205,120],{"class":41},[31,62207,62208],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62209,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62211,62212,62214,62216,62218],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62213,134],{"class":133},[31,62215,137],{"class":41},[31,62217,353],{"class":140},[31,62219,120],{"class":41},[31,62221,62222],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62223,62224],{"class":157},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,62226,62227],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[613,62229,62231],{"id":62230},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[21,62233,62235],{"className":23,"code":62234,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[28,62236,62237,62249,62271,62275,62285],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62238,62239,62241,62243,62245,62247],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62240,85],{"class":37},[31,62242,89],{"class":88},[31,62244,4200],{"class":41},[31,62246,1243],{"class":95},[31,62248,59],{"class":41},[31,62250,62251,62253,62255,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62252,141],{"class":37},[31,62254,70],{"class":41},[31,62256,54085],{"class":140},[31,62258,137],{"class":41},[31,62260,60608],{"class":133},[31,62262,137],{"class":41},[31,62264,146],{"class":95},[31,62266,99],{"class":41},[31,62268,3033],{"class":95},[31,62270,1569],{"class":41},[31,62272,62273],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62274,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62276,62277,62279,62281,62283],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62278,134],{"class":133},[31,62280,137],{"class":41},[31,62282,141],{"class":140},[31,62284,120],{"class":41},[31,62286,62287],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62288,62289],{"class":157},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,62291,62292,62295,62296,2766,62298,17670,62300,70],{},[28,62293,62294],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[28,62297,146],{},[28,62299,193],{},[28,62301,173],{},[613,62303,62305],{"id":62304},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[21,62307,62309],{"className":23,"code":62308,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,62310,62311,62327,62345,62349],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62312,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62314,8368],{"class":37},[31,62316,89],{"class":88},[31,62318,4200],{"class":41},[31,62320,146],{"class":95},[31,62322,99],{"class":41},[31,62324,3571],{"class":95},[31,62326,59],{"class":41},[31,62328,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62330,8397],{"class":37},[31,62332,70],{"class":41},[31,62334,54085],{"class":140},[31,62336,6114],{"class":41},[31,62338,173],{"class":95},[31,62340,99],{"class":41},[31,62342,3033],{"class":95},[31,62344,31099],{"class":41},[31,62346,62347],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62348,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62350,62351,62353,62355,62357],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62352,134],{"class":133},[31,62354,137],{"class":41},[31,62356,8397],{"class":140},[31,62358,120],{"class":41},[14,62360,62361],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[72,62363,62365],{"id":62364},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,62367,62368,2972,62370,70],{},[28,62369,54055],{},[28,62371,4357],{},[14,62373,62374,62375,48],{},"That means this is ",[67,62376,62377],{},"wrong",[21,62379,62381],{"className":23,"code":62380,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[28,62382,62383,62399,62421,62425,62435],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62384,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393,62395,62397],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62386,85],{"class":37},[31,62388,89],{"class":88},[31,62390,4200],{"class":41},[31,62392,146],{"class":95},[31,62394,99],{"class":41},[31,62396,3571],{"class":95},[31,62398,59],{"class":41},[31,62400,62401,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62402,1522],{"class":37},[31,62404,89],{"class":88},[31,62406,1527],{"class":37},[31,62408,70],{"class":41},[31,62410,54085],{"class":140},[31,62412,3564],{"class":41},[31,62414,173],{"class":95},[31,62416,99],{"class":41},[31,62418,3033],{"class":95},[31,62420,566],{"class":41},[31,62422,62423],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62424,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62426,62427,62429,62431,62433],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62428,134],{"class":133},[31,62430,137],{"class":41},[31,62432,1550],{"class":140},[31,62434,120],{"class":41},[31,62436,62437],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62438,62439],{"class":157},"# None\n",[14,62441,62442],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[21,62444,62446],{"className":23,"code":62445,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[28,62447,62448,62464,62486,62490,62500],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62449,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62451,85],{"class":37},[31,62453,89],{"class":88},[31,62455,4200],{"class":41},[31,62457,146],{"class":95},[31,62459,99],{"class":41},[31,62461,3571],{"class":95},[31,62463,59],{"class":41},[31,62465,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478,62480,62482,62484],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62467,85],{"class":37},[31,62469,89],{"class":88},[31,62471,1527],{"class":37},[31,62473,70],{"class":41},[31,62475,54085],{"class":140},[31,62477,3564],{"class":41},[31,62479,173],{"class":95},[31,62481,99],{"class":41},[31,62483,3033],{"class":95},[31,62485,566],{"class":41},[31,62487,62488],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62489,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62491,62492,62494,62496,62498],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62493,134],{"class":133},[31,62495,137],{"class":41},[31,62497,141],{"class":140},[31,62499,120],{"class":41},[31,62501,62502],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62503,62439],{"class":157},[14,62505,62506],{},"The correct way is:",[21,62508,62509],{"className":23,"code":61946,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,62510,62511,62527,62545,62549,62559],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62512,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62514,85],{"class":37},[31,62516,89],{"class":88},[31,62518,4200],{"class":41},[31,62520,146],{"class":95},[31,62522,99],{"class":41},[31,62524,3571],{"class":95},[31,62526,59],{"class":41},[31,62528,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62530,141],{"class":37},[31,62532,70],{"class":41},[31,62534,54085],{"class":140},[31,62536,3564],{"class":41},[31,62538,173],{"class":95},[31,62540,99],{"class":41},[31,62542,3033],{"class":95},[31,62544,566],{"class":41},[31,62546,62547],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62548,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62550,62551,62553,62555,62557],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62552,134],{"class":133},[31,62554,137],{"class":41},[31,62556,141],{"class":140},[31,62558,120],{"class":41},[31,62560,62561],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62562,53332],{"class":157},[14,62564,56518,62565,62567],{},[28,62566,54055],{}," first, then use the original list.",[72,62569,5101],{"id":5100},[14,62571,15331,62572,70],{},[28,62573,54055],{},[613,62575,62577,62578,62580],{"id":62576},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[28,62579,54055],{}," to return a new list",[21,62582,62584],{"className":23,"code":62583,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[28,62585,62586,62602,62624,62628,62638],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62587,62588,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62589,85],{"class":37},[31,62591,89],{"class":88},[31,62593,4200],{"class":41},[31,62595,146],{"class":95},[31,62597,99],{"class":41},[31,62599,3571],{"class":95},[31,62601,59],{"class":41},[31,62603,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62605,56251],{"class":37},[31,62607,89],{"class":88},[31,62609,1527],{"class":37},[31,62611,70],{"class":41},[31,62613,54085],{"class":140},[31,62615,3564],{"class":41},[31,62617,173],{"class":95},[31,62619,99],{"class":41},[31,62621,3033],{"class":95},[31,62623,566],{"class":41},[31,62625,62626],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62627,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62629,62630,62632,62634,62636],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62631,134],{"class":133},[31,62633,137],{"class":41},[31,62635,56270],{"class":140},[31,62637,120],{"class":41},[31,62639,62640],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62641,62439],{"class":157},[14,62643,62644,62645,70],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[28,62646,54055],{},[613,62648,62650,62651,45237,62653,62655],{"id":62649},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[28,62652,53261],{},[28,62654,54055],{}," is needed",[21,62657,62658],{"className":23,"code":62009,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,62659,62660,62676,62694,62698,62708],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62661,62662,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62663,85],{"class":37},[31,62665,89],{"class":88},[31,62667,4200],{"class":41},[31,62669,146],{"class":95},[31,62671,99],{"class":41},[31,62673,3571],{"class":95},[31,62675,59],{"class":41},[31,62677,62678,62680,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690,62692],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62679,141],{"class":37},[31,62681,70],{"class":41},[31,62683,14150],{"class":140},[31,62685,3564],{"class":41},[31,62687,173],{"class":95},[31,62689,99],{"class":41},[31,62691,3033],{"class":95},[31,62693,566],{"class":41},[31,62695,62696],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62697,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62699,62700,62702,62704,62706],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62701,134],{"class":133},[31,62703,137],{"class":41},[31,62705,141],{"class":140},[31,62707,120],{"class":41},[31,62709,62710],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62711,62064],{"class":157},[14,62713,62714,62715,54500,62717,7217],{},"If you wanted ",[28,62716,54499],{},[28,62718,54055],{},[613,62720,62722],{"id":62721},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[21,62724,62726],{"className":23,"code":62725,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[28,62727,62728,62744,62762,62766,62776],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62729,62730,62732,62734,62736,62738,62740,62742],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62731,4651],{"class":37},[31,62733,89],{"class":88},[31,62735,4200],{"class":41},[31,62737,260],{"class":259},[31,62739,4425],{"class":263},[31,62741,260],{"class":259},[31,62743,59],{"class":41},[31,62745,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62747,4695],{"class":37},[31,62749,70],{"class":41},[31,62751,54085],{"class":140},[31,62753,137],{"class":41},[31,62755,260],{"class":259},[31,62757,61200],{"class":263},[31,62759,260],{"class":259},[31,62761,120],{"class":41},[31,62763,62764],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62765,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62767,62768,62770,62772,62774],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62769,134],{"class":133},[31,62771,137],{"class":41},[31,62773,4695],{"class":140},[31,62775,120],{"class":41},[31,62777,62778],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62779,62780],{"class":157},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62782,62783,62784,62787,62788,48],{},"If you want ",[28,62785,62786],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[28,62789,53261],{},[21,62791,62793],{"className":23,"code":62792,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[28,62794,62795,62811,62829,62833,62843],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62796,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62798,4651],{"class":37},[31,62800,89],{"class":88},[31,62802,4200],{"class":41},[31,62804,260],{"class":259},[31,62806,4425],{"class":263},[31,62808,260],{"class":259},[31,62810,59],{"class":41},[31,62812,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62814,4695],{"class":37},[31,62816,70],{"class":41},[31,62818,14150],{"class":140},[31,62820,137],{"class":41},[31,62822,260],{"class":259},[31,62824,61200],{"class":263},[31,62826,260],{"class":259},[31,62828,120],{"class":41},[31,62830,62831],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62832,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,62834,62835,62837,62839,62841],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62836,134],{"class":133},[31,62838,137],{"class":41},[31,62840,4695],{"class":140},[31,62842,120],{"class":41},[31,62844,62845],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,62846,62847],{"class":157},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[613,62849,62851],{"id":62850},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[21,62853,62855],{"className":23,"code":62854,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[28,62856,62857,62873],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62858,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62860,85],{"class":37},[31,62862,89],{"class":88},[31,62864,4200],{"class":41},[31,62866,146],{"class":95},[31,62868,99],{"class":41},[31,62870,3571],{"class":95},[31,62872,59],{"class":41},[31,62874,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62876,141],{"class":37},[31,62878,70],{"class":41},[31,62880,54085],{"class":140},[31,62882,137],{"class":41},[31,62884,559],{"class":95},[31,62886,120],{"class":41},[14,62888,40259,62889,7137],{},[28,62890,559],{},[14,62892,62893,62894,62896,62897,62900],{},"You will get a ",[28,62895,3583],{},". See ",[264,62898,62899],{"href":53208},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62902,62903],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[21,62905,62907],{"className":23,"code":62906,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[28,62908,62909,62919,62933,62945],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62910,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62912,134],{"class":133},[31,62914,137],{"class":41},[31,62916,8928],{"class":140},[31,62918,120],{"class":41},[31,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,62922,134],{"class":133},[31,62924,137],{"class":41},[31,62926,1562],{"class":1561},[31,62928,137],{"class":41},[31,62930,5942],{"class":140},[31,62932,1569],{"class":41},[31,62934,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,62936,134],{"class":133},[31,62938,137],{"class":41},[31,62940,1550],{"class":140},[31,62942,4238],{"class":41},[31,62944,120],{"class":37},[31,62946,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,62948,32756],{"class":133},[31,62950,137],{"class":41},[31,62952,8682],{"class":1561},[31,62954,70],{"class":41},[31,62956,54085],{"class":25350},[31,62958,120],{"class":41},[44187,62960,62961],{},[14,62962,62963,62964,62967,62968,62970,62971,70],{},"Note: ",[28,62965,62966],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[28,62969,4238],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[28,62972,33631],{},[14,62974,62975],{},"Correct debugging example:",[21,62977,62979],{"className":23,"code":62978,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[28,62980,62981,62997,63013,63017,63031,63035,63043,63053,63067,63077],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,62982,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,62984,8897],{"class":37},[31,62986,89],{"class":88},[31,62988,4200],{"class":41},[31,62990,146],{"class":95},[31,62992,99],{"class":41},[31,62994,3571],{"class":95},[31,62996,59],{"class":41},[31,62998,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009,63011],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63000,4402],{"class":37},[31,63002,89],{"class":88},[31,63004,4200],{"class":41},[31,63006,173],{"class":95},[31,63008,99],{"class":41},[31,63010,3033],{"class":95},[31,63012,59],{"class":41},[31,63014,63015],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,63016,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63018,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,63020,8928],{"class":37},[31,63022,70],{"class":41},[31,63024,54085],{"class":140},[31,63026,137],{"class":41},[31,63028,5942],{"class":140},[31,63030,120],{"class":41},[31,63032,63033],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,63034,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63036,63037,63039,63041],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,63038,1522],{"class":37},[31,63040,89],{"class":88},[31,63042,49136],{"class":4432},[31,63044,63045,63047,63049,63051],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,63046,134],{"class":133},[31,63048,137],{"class":41},[31,63050,8928],{"class":140},[31,63052,120],{"class":41},[31,63054,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,63056,134],{"class":133},[31,63058,137],{"class":41},[31,63060,1562],{"class":1561},[31,63062,137],{"class":41},[31,63064,5942],{"class":140},[31,63066,1569],{"class":41},[31,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,63070,134],{"class":133},[31,63072,137],{"class":41},[31,63074,1550],{"class":140},[31,63076,120],{"class":41},[31,63078,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,63080,32756],{"class":133},[31,63082,137],{"class":41},[31,63084,8682],{"class":1561},[31,63086,70],{"class":41},[31,63088,54085],{"class":25350},[31,63090,120],{"class":41},[72,63092,5544,63094],{"id":63093},"when-to-use-extend",[28,63095,54055],{},[14,63097,2668,63098,6902],{},[28,63099,54055],{},[228,63101,63102,63105,63108],{},[231,63103,63104],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[231,63106,63107],{},"Add multiple values at once",[231,63109,63110],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,63112,6056],{},[21,63114,63116],{"className":23,"code":63115,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[28,63117,63118,63135,63153,63157,63173,63177,63187],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63119,63120,63123,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63121,63122],{"class":37},"all_scores ",[31,63124,89],{"class":88},[31,63126,4200],{"class":41},[31,63128,14099],{"class":95},[31,63130,99],{"class":41},[31,63132,14104],{"class":95},[31,63134,59],{"class":41},[31,63136,63137,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63151],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63138,63139],{"class":37},"new_scores ",[31,63141,89],{"class":88},[31,63143,4200],{"class":41},[31,63145,52113],{"class":95},[31,63147,99],{"class":41},[31,63149,63150],{"class":95}," 92",[31,63152,59],{"class":41},[31,63154,63155],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,63156,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63158,63159,63162,63164,63166,63168,63171],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,63160,63161],{"class":37},"all_scores",[31,63163,70],{"class":41},[31,63165,54085],{"class":140},[31,63167,137],{"class":41},[31,63169,63170],{"class":140},"new_scores",[31,63172,120],{"class":41},[31,63174,63175],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,63176,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63178,63179,63181,63183,63185],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,63180,134],{"class":133},[31,63182,137],{"class":41},[31,63184,63161],{"class":140},[31,63186,120],{"class":41},[31,63188,63189],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,63190,63191],{"class":157},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,63193,63194,63195,63197,63198,70],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[28,63196,53261],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[264,63199,56129,63200,11333],{"href":54517},[28,63201,54877],{},[72,63203,2435],{"id":2434},[613,63205,13299,63207,56078],{"id":63206},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[28,63208,53956],{},[14,63210,63211,63212,70],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[28,63213,4357],{},[613,63215,5762,63217,4975,63219,2466],{"id":63216},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[28,63218,54055],{},[28,63220,53261],{},[14,63222,63223,63225,63226,63228],{},[28,63224,54055],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[28,63227,53261],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[613,63230,28930,63232,63234],{"id":63231},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[28,63233,54055],{}," with a string?",[14,63236,63237],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[613,63239,28930,63241,63243],{"id":63240},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[28,63242,54055],{}," with a tuple?",[14,63245,63246],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[613,63248,63250,63251,2466],{"id":63249},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[28,63252,54055],{},[14,63254,63255,63256,63258],{},"You get a ",[28,63257,3583],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[72,63260,2475],{"id":2474},[228,63262,63263,63269,63273,63277,63281,63287,63291],{},[231,63264,63265],{},[264,63266,56129,63267,11333],{"href":57377},[28,63268,53261],{},[231,63270,63271],{},[264,63272,54887],{"href":53657},[231,63274,63275],{},[264,63276,57837],{"href":57762},[231,63278,63279],{},[264,63280,53380],{"href":51587},[231,63282,63283],{},[264,63284,56129,63285,11333],{"href":54517},[28,63286,54877],{},[231,63288,63289],{},[264,63290,62899],{"href":53208},[231,63292,63293],{},[264,63294,56129,63295,11333],{"href":55569},[28,63296,13372],{},[14,63298,63299,63300,63302,63303,63305],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[28,63301,53261],{},", when to use ",[28,63304,54877],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2499,63307,63308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":63310},[63311,63312,63314,63315,63316,63323,63330,63331,63339,63341,63353],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":61708,"depth":123,"text":63313},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":61789,"depth":123,"text":61790},{"id":61926,"depth":123,"text":63317,"children":63318},"extend() vs append()",[63319,63321],{"id":61940,"depth":130,"text":63320},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":62003,"depth":130,"text":63322},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62089,"depth":123,"text":63324,"children":63325},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63326,63327,63328,63329],{"id":62100,"depth":130,"text":62101},{"id":62164,"depth":130,"text":62165},{"id":62230,"depth":130,"text":62231},{"id":62304,"depth":130,"text":62305},{"id":62364,"depth":123,"text":62365},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":63332},[63333,63335,63337,63338],{"id":62576,"depth":130,"text":63334},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62649,"depth":130,"text":63336},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62721,"depth":130,"text":62722},{"id":62850,"depth":130,"text":62851},{"id":63093,"depth":123,"text":63340},"When to use extend()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":63342},[63343,63345,63347,63349,63351],{"id":63206,"depth":130,"text":63344},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63216,"depth":130,"text":63346},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63231,"depth":130,"text":63348},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63240,"depth":130,"text":63350},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63249,"depth":130,"text":63352},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61612,"description":63354},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63361,"title":63362,"body":63363,"description":65454,"extension":2542,"meta":65455,"navigation":126,"path":65456,"seo":65457,"stem":65458,"__hash__":65459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63364,"toc":65417},[63365,63368,63373,63379,63390,63396,63398,63467,63469,63518,63526,63530,63535,63538,63549,63554,63556,63558,63579,63592,63595,63608,63610,63615,63640,63642,63650,63653,63722,63724,63748,63754,63758,63762,63798,63800,63820,63827,63831,63864,63866,63900,63905,63909,63942,63944,63972,63980,63984,64021,64023,64044,64047,64051,64120,64122,64146,64152,64159,64163,64166,64168,64182,64185,64209,64211,64236,64239,64258,64260,64286,64295,64299,64306,64383,64385,64426,64432,64438,64529,64531,64587,64590,64595,64599,64604,64608,64667,64669,64694,64698,64761,64763,64788,64792,64855,64857,64900,64903,64907,64911,64933,64937,65019,65021,65056,65064,65066,65070,65074,65076,65103,65108,65110,65137,65144,65147,65170,65172,65221,65224,65227,65246,65250,65253,65304,65307,65313,65317,65322,65325,65327,65333,65342,65346,65352,65356,65359,65363,65366,65370,65376,65378,65414],[10,63366,63362],{"id":63367},"python-list-function-explained",[14,63369,9714,63370,63372],{},[28,63371,25381],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,63374,63375,63376,63378],{},"Beginners usually use ",[28,63377,25381],{}," for two main reasons:",[228,63380,63381,63384],{},[231,63382,63383],{},"to make an empty list",[231,63385,63386,63387,63389],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[28,63388,60608],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,63391,63392,63393,63395],{},"This page explains how ",[28,63394,25381],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[72,63397,75],{"id":74},[21,63399,63401],{"className":23,"code":63400,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[28,63402,63403,63425,63443,63447,63457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63404,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63406,85],{"class":37},[31,63408,89],{"class":88},[31,63410,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63412,6095],{"class":41},[31,63414,146],{"class":95},[31,63416,99],{"class":41},[31,63418,3571],{"class":95},[31,63420,99],{"class":41},[31,63422,3027],{"class":95},[31,63424,1569],{"class":41},[31,63426,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63428,252],{"class":37},[31,63430,89],{"class":88},[31,63432,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63434,137],{"class":41},[31,63436,260],{"class":259},[31,63438,42166],{"class":263},[31,63440,260],{"class":259},[31,63442,120],{"class":41},[31,63444,63445],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,63446,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63448,63449,63451,63453,63455],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,63450,134],{"class":133},[31,63452,137],{"class":41},[31,63454,141],{"class":140},[31,63456,120],{"class":41},[31,63458,63459,63461,63463,63465],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,63460,134],{"class":133},[31,63462,137],{"class":41},[31,63464,353],{"class":140},[31,63466,120],{"class":41},[14,63468,358],{},[21,63470,63472],{"className":23,"code":63471,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[28,63473,63474,63490],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63477,42],{"class":41},[31,63479,146],{"class":95},[31,63481,99],{"class":41},[31,63483,3571],{"class":95},[31,63485,99],{"class":41},[31,63487,3027],{"class":95},[31,63489,59],{"class":41},[31,63491,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63493,42],{"class":41},[31,63495,370],{"class":259},[31,63497,264],{"class":263},[31,63499,370],{"class":259},[31,63501,99],{"class":41},[31,63503,379],{"class":259},[31,63505,274],{"class":263},[31,63507,370],{"class":259},[31,63509,99],{"class":41},[31,63511,379],{"class":259},[31,63513,283],{"class":263},[31,63515,370],{"class":259},[31,63517,59],{"class":41},[14,63519,2668,63520,63522,63523,63525],{},[28,63521,25381],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[28,63524,60608],{},", set, or dictionary.",[72,63527,63529],{"id":63528},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,63531,63532,63534],{},[28,63533,25381],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63536,63537],{},"It can:",[228,63539,63540,63543,63546],{},[231,63541,63542],{},"create a new list object",[231,63544,63545],{},"make an empty list",[231,63547,63548],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63550,63551,63552,70],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[264,63553,53380],{"href":51587},[72,63555,2733],{"id":2732},[14,63557,27088],{},[21,63559,63561],{"className":23,"code":63560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[28,63562,63563,63569],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63564,63565,63567],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63566,8682],{"class":1561},[31,63568,1772],{"class":41},[31,63570,63571,63573,63575,63577],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63572,8682],{"class":1561},[31,63574,137],{"class":41},[31,63576,4299],{"class":140},[31,63578,120],{"class":41},[228,63580,63581,63586],{},[231,63582,63583,63585],{},[28,63584,25381],{}," makes an empty list",[231,63587,63588,63591],{},[28,63589,63590],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63593,63594],{},"Common iterable values include:",[228,63596,63597,63599,63601,63603,63606],{},[231,63598,5892],{},[231,63600,5886],{},[231,63602,5889],{},[231,63604,63605],{},"ranges",[231,63607,7838],{},[72,63609,60230],{"id":60229},[14,63611,2668,63612,63614],{},[28,63613,25381],{}," with no arguments:",[21,63616,63618],{"className":23,"code":63617,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[28,63619,63620,63630],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63621,63622,63624,63626,63628],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63623,8368],{"class":37},[31,63625,89],{"class":88},[31,63627,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63629,1772],{"class":41},[31,63631,63632,63634,63636,63638],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63633,134],{"class":133},[31,63635,137],{"class":41},[31,63637,8397],{"class":140},[31,63639,120],{"class":41},[14,63641,358],{},[21,63643,63644],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,63645,63646],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63647,63648],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63649,38902],{"class":41},[14,63651,63652],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[21,63654,63656],{"className":23,"code":63655,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,63657,63658,63668,63672,63690,63708,63712],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63659,63660,63662,63664,63666],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63661,8368],{"class":37},[31,63663,89],{"class":88},[31,63665,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63667,1772],{"class":41},[31,63669,63670],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63671,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63673,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,63675,8397],{"class":37},[31,63677,70],{"class":41},[31,63679,14150],{"class":140},[31,63681,137],{"class":41},[31,63683,260],{"class":259},[31,63685,4660],{"class":263},[31,63687,260],{"class":259},[31,63689,120],{"class":41},[31,63691,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,63693,8397],{"class":37},[31,63695,70],{"class":41},[31,63697,14150],{"class":140},[31,63699,137],{"class":41},[31,63701,260],{"class":259},[31,63703,4669],{"class":263},[31,63705,260],{"class":259},[31,63707,120],{"class":41},[31,63709,63710],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,63711,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,63713,63714,63716,63718,63720],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,63715,134],{"class":133},[31,63717,137],{"class":41},[31,63719,8397],{"class":140},[31,63721,120],{"class":41},[14,63723,358],{},[21,63725,63726],{"className":23,"code":39028,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,63727,63728],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63731,42],{"class":41},[31,63733,370],{"class":259},[31,63735,4660],{"class":263},[31,63737,370],{"class":259},[31,63739,99],{"class":41},[31,63741,379],{"class":259},[31,63743,4669],{"class":263},[31,63745,370],{"class":259},[31,63747,59],{"class":41},[14,63749,63750,63751,63753],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[28,63752,4366],{},". Both are valid.",[72,63755,63757],{"id":63756},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[613,63759,63761],{"id":63760},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[21,63763,63764],{"className":23,"code":60528,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,63765,63766,63788],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63767,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63769,85],{"class":37},[31,63771,89],{"class":88},[31,63773,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63775,6095],{"class":41},[31,63777,146],{"class":95},[31,63779,99],{"class":41},[31,63781,3571],{"class":95},[31,63783,99],{"class":41},[31,63785,3027],{"class":95},[31,63787,1569],{"class":41},[31,63789,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63791,134],{"class":133},[31,63793,137],{"class":41},[31,63795,141],{"class":140},[31,63797,120],{"class":41},[14,63799,358],{},[21,63801,63802],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,63803,63804],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63807,42],{"class":41},[31,63809,146],{"class":95},[31,63811,99],{"class":41},[31,63813,3571],{"class":95},[31,63815,99],{"class":41},[31,63817,3027],{"class":95},[31,63819,59],{"class":41},[14,63821,63822,63823,70],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[264,63824,63826],{"href":63825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[613,63828,63830],{"id":63829},"string-to-list","String to list",[21,63832,63834],{"className":23,"code":63833,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,63835,63836,63854],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63837,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63839,252],{"class":37},[31,63841,89],{"class":88},[31,63843,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63845,137],{"class":41},[31,63847,260],{"class":259},[31,63849,37651],{"class":263},[31,63851,260],{"class":259},[31,63853,120],{"class":41},[31,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63857,134],{"class":133},[31,63859,137],{"class":41},[31,63861,353],{"class":140},[31,63863,120],{"class":41},[14,63865,358],{},[21,63867,63869],{"className":23,"code":63868,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[28,63870,63871],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63872,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63896,63898],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63874,42],{"class":41},[31,63876,370],{"class":259},[31,63878,283],{"class":263},[31,63880,370],{"class":259},[31,63882,99],{"class":41},[31,63884,379],{"class":259},[31,63886,264],{"class":263},[31,63888,370],{"class":259},[31,63890,99],{"class":41},[31,63892,379],{"class":259},[31,63894,63895],{"class":263},"t",[31,63897,370],{"class":259},[31,63899,59],{"class":41},[14,63901,63902,63904],{},[28,63903,25381],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[613,63906,63908],{"id":63907},"range-to-list","Range to list",[21,63910,63912],{"className":23,"code":63911,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,63913,63914,63932],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63915,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63917,85],{"class":37},[31,63919,89],{"class":88},[31,63921,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63923,137],{"class":41},[31,63925,60608],{"class":133},[31,63927,137],{"class":41},[31,63929,559],{"class":95},[31,63931,1569],{"class":41},[31,63933,63934,63936,63938,63940],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,63935,134],{"class":133},[31,63937,137],{"class":41},[31,63939,141],{"class":140},[31,63941,120],{"class":41},[14,63943,358],{},[21,63945,63946],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,63947,63948],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63949,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63951,42],{"class":41},[31,63953,1243],{"class":95},[31,63955,99],{"class":41},[31,63957,6082],{"class":95},[31,63959,99],{"class":41},[31,63961,3571],{"class":95},[31,63963,99],{"class":41},[31,63965,3027],{"class":95},[31,63967,99],{"class":41},[31,63969,3033],{"class":95},[31,63971,59],{"class":41},[14,63973,63974,63975,63979],{},"This is common when working with ",[264,63976,63977],{"href":36799},[28,63978,36802],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[613,63981,63983],{"id":63982},"set-to-list","Set to list",[21,63985,63987],{"className":23,"code":63986,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[28,63988,63989,64011],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,63990,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,63992,4402],{"class":37},[31,63994,89],{"class":88},[31,63996,23159],{"class":1561},[31,63998,6114],{"class":41},[31,64000,96],{"class":95},[31,64002,99],{"class":41},[31,64004,102],{"class":95},[31,64006,99],{"class":41},[31,64008,107],{"class":95},[31,64010,31099],{"class":41},[31,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64014,134],{"class":133},[31,64016,137],{"class":41},[31,64018,5942],{"class":140},[31,64020,120],{"class":41},[14,64022,17556],{},[21,64024,64026],{"className":23,"code":64025,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[28,64027,64028],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64029,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64031,42],{"class":41},[31,64033,96],{"class":95},[31,64035,99],{"class":41},[31,64037,102],{"class":95},[31,64039,99],{"class":41},[31,64041,107],{"class":95},[31,64043,59],{"class":41},[14,64045,64046],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[613,64048,64050],{"id":64049},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[21,64052,64054],{"className":23,"code":64053,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,64055,64056,64092,64106,64110],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64057,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64059,13801],{"class":37},[31,64061,89],{"class":88},[31,64063,11082],{"class":41},[31,64065,260],{"class":259},[31,64067,8256],{"class":263},[31,64069,260],{"class":259},[31,64071,48],{"class":41},[31,64073,271],{"class":259},[31,64075,13476],{"class":263},[31,64077,260],{"class":259},[31,64079,99],{"class":41},[31,64081,271],{"class":259},[31,64083,9890],{"class":263},[31,64085,260],{"class":259},[31,64087,48],{"class":41},[31,64089,9897],{"class":95},[31,64091,9900],{"class":41},[31,64093,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64095,1522],{"class":37},[31,64097,89],{"class":88},[31,64099,23159],{"class":1561},[31,64101,137],{"class":41},[31,64103,17905],{"class":140},[31,64105,120],{"class":41},[31,64107,64108],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,64109,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,64111,64112,64114,64116,64118],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,64113,134],{"class":133},[31,64115,137],{"class":41},[31,64117,1550],{"class":140},[31,64119,120],{"class":41},[14,64121,358],{},[21,64123,64124],{"className":23,"code":26081,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,64125,64126],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64127,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64129,42],{"class":41},[31,64131,370],{"class":259},[31,64133,8256],{"class":263},[31,64135,370],{"class":259},[31,64137,99],{"class":41},[31,64139,379],{"class":259},[31,64141,9890],{"class":263},[31,64143,370],{"class":259},[31,64145,59],{"class":41},[14,64147,64148,64149,64151],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[28,64150,25381],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,64153,64154,64155,70],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[264,64156,64158],{"href":64157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[72,64160,64162],{"id":64161},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,64164,64165],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,64167,61763],{},[228,64169,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180],{},[231,64171,5883],{},[231,64173,5886],{},[231,64175,5892],{},[231,64177,5889],{},[231,64179,63605],{},[231,64181,7838],{},[14,64183,64184],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[21,64186,64188],{"className":23,"code":64187,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[28,64189,64190],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64191,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64205,64207],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64193,134],{"class":133},[31,64195,137],{"class":41},[31,64197,8682],{"class":1561},[31,64199,137],{"class":41},[31,64201,260],{"class":259},[31,64203,64204],{"class":263},"hi",[31,64206,260],{"class":259},[31,64208,1569],{"class":41},[14,64210,358],{},[21,64212,64214],{"className":23,"code":64213,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['h', 'i']\n",[28,64215,64216],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64217,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64219,42],{"class":41},[31,64221,370],{"class":259},[31,64223,61048],{"class":263},[31,64225,370],{"class":259},[31,64227,99],{"class":41},[31,64229,379],{"class":259},[31,64231,36758],{"class":263},[31,64233,370],{"class":259},[31,64235,59],{"class":41},[14,64237,64238],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[21,64240,64242],{"className":23,"code":64241,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(5))\n",[28,64243,64244],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64245,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64247,134],{"class":133},[31,64249,137],{"class":41},[31,64251,8682],{"class":1561},[31,64253,137],{"class":41},[31,64255,559],{"class":95},[31,64257,1569],{"class":41},[14,64259,358],{},[21,64261,64263],{"className":23,"code":64262,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[28,64264,64265],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64268,3583],{"class":1561},[31,64270,48],{"class":41},[31,64272,379],{"class":259},[31,64274,2765],{"class":263},[31,64276,370],{"class":259},[31,64278,25217],{"class":1561},[31,64280,8685],{"class":88},[31,64282,8688],{"class":88},[31,64284,64285],{"class":37}," iterable\n",[14,64287,64288,64289,64291,64292,70],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[264,64290,5719],{"href":6171},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[264,64293,64294],{"href":53208},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[72,64296,64298],{"id":64297},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,64300,64301,64302,64305],{},"If you already have a list, ",[28,64303,64304],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[21,64307,64309],{"className":23,"code":64308,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[28,64310,64311,64331,64345,64349,64359,64369],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64312,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64314,12680],{"class":37},[31,64316,89],{"class":88},[31,64318,4200],{"class":41},[31,64320,146],{"class":95},[31,64322,99],{"class":41},[31,64324,3571],{"class":95},[31,64326,99],{"class":41},[31,64328,3027],{"class":95},[31,64330,59],{"class":41},[31,64332,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64334,14909],{"class":37},[31,64336,89],{"class":88},[31,64338,23159],{"class":1561},[31,64340,137],{"class":41},[31,64342,12727],{"class":140},[31,64344,120],{"class":41},[31,64346,64347],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,64348,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,64350,64351,64353,64355,64357],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,64352,134],{"class":133},[31,64354,137],{"class":41},[31,64356,12727],{"class":140},[31,64358,120],{"class":41},[31,64360,64361,64363,64365,64367],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,64362,134],{"class":133},[31,64364,137],{"class":41},[31,64366,14928],{"class":140},[31,64368,120],{"class":41},[31,64370,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,64372,134],{"class":133},[31,64374,137],{"class":41},[31,64376,12680],{"class":140},[31,64378,12788],{"class":4457},[31,64380,14982],{"class":140},[31,64382,120],{"class":41},[14,64384,358],{},[21,64386,64388],{"className":23,"code":64387,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[28,64389,64390,64406,64422],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64391,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64393,42],{"class":41},[31,64395,146],{"class":95},[31,64397,99],{"class":41},[31,64399,3571],{"class":95},[31,64401,99],{"class":41},[31,64403,3027],{"class":95},[31,64405,59],{"class":41},[31,64407,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64409,42],{"class":41},[31,64411,146],{"class":95},[31,64413,99],{"class":41},[31,64415,3571],{"class":95},[31,64417,99],{"class":41},[31,64419,3027],{"class":95},[31,64421,59],{"class":41},[31,64423,64424],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,64425,4621],{"class":4432},[14,64427,64428,64429,64431],{},"This means ",[28,64430,14928],{}," is a different list object.",[14,64433,64434,64435,64437],{},"However, this is only a ",[67,64436,13446],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[21,64439,64441],{"className":23,"code":64440,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[28,64442,64443,64469,64483,64487,64505,64509,64519],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64444,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64446,12680],{"class":37},[31,64448,89],{"class":88},[31,64450,56903],{"class":41},[31,64452,146],{"class":95},[31,64454,99],{"class":41},[31,64456,3571],{"class":95},[31,64458,18661],{"class":41},[31,64460,4200],{"class":41},[31,64462,173],{"class":95},[31,64464,99],{"class":41},[31,64466,3033],{"class":95},[31,64468,53851],{"class":41},[31,64470,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64472,14909],{"class":37},[31,64474,89],{"class":88},[31,64476,23159],{"class":1561},[31,64478,137],{"class":41},[31,64480,12727],{"class":140},[31,64482,120],{"class":41},[31,64484,64485],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,64486,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,64488,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,64490,14928],{"class":37},[31,64492,42],{"class":41},[31,64494,1243],{"class":95},[31,64496,14147],{"class":41},[31,64498,14150],{"class":140},[31,64500,137],{"class":41},[31,64502,56956],{"class":95},[31,64504,120],{"class":41},[31,64506,64507],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,64508,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,64510,64511,64513,64515,64517],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,64512,134],{"class":133},[31,64514,137],{"class":41},[31,64516,12727],{"class":140},[31,64518,120],{"class":41},[31,64520,64521,64523,64525,64527],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,64522,134],{"class":133},[31,64524,137],{"class":41},[31,64526,14928],{"class":140},[31,64528,120],{"class":41},[14,64530,358],{},[21,64532,64533],{"className":23,"code":56987,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,64534,64535,64561],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64536,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64538,56994],{"class":41},[31,64540,146],{"class":95},[31,64542,99],{"class":41},[31,64544,3571],{"class":95},[31,64546,99],{"class":41},[31,64548,10788],{"class":95},[31,64550,18661],{"class":41},[31,64552,4200],{"class":41},[31,64554,173],{"class":95},[31,64556,99],{"class":41},[31,64558,3033],{"class":95},[31,64560,53851],{"class":41},[31,64562,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64564,56994],{"class":41},[31,64566,146],{"class":95},[31,64568,99],{"class":41},[31,64570,3571],{"class":95},[31,64572,99],{"class":41},[31,64574,10788],{"class":95},[31,64576,18661],{"class":41},[31,64578,4200],{"class":41},[31,64580,173],{"class":95},[31,64582,99],{"class":41},[31,64584,3033],{"class":95},[31,64586,53851],{"class":41},[14,64588,64589],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64591,64592,64593,70],{},"For more on this, see ",[264,64594,14388],{"href":14387},[72,64596,64598],{"id":64597},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64600,64601,64602,70],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[28,64603,25381],{},[613,64605,64607],{"id":64606},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[21,64609,64611],{"className":23,"code":64610,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[28,64612,64613,64653],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64614,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64616,13459],{"class":37},[31,64618,89],{"class":88},[31,64620,11082],{"class":41},[31,64622,260],{"class":259},[31,64624,8256],{"class":263},[31,64626,260],{"class":259},[31,64628,48],{"class":41},[31,64630,271],{"class":259},[31,64632,8509],{"class":263},[31,64634,260],{"class":259},[31,64636,99],{"class":41},[31,64638,271],{"class":259},[31,64640,20490],{"class":263},[31,64642,260],{"class":259},[31,64644,48],{"class":41},[31,64646,271],{"class":259},[31,64648,22844],{"class":263},[31,64650,260],{"class":259},[31,64652,9900],{"class":41},[31,64654,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64656,134],{"class":133},[31,64658,137],{"class":41},[31,64660,8682],{"class":1561},[31,64662,137],{"class":41},[31,64664,14223],{"class":140},[31,64666,1569],{"class":41},[14,64668,358],{},[21,64670,64672],{"className":23,"code":64671,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['name', 'grade']\n",[28,64673,64674],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64675,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64677,42],{"class":41},[31,64679,370],{"class":259},[31,64681,8256],{"class":263},[31,64683,370],{"class":259},[31,64685,99],{"class":41},[31,64687,379],{"class":259},[31,64689,20490],{"class":263},[31,64691,370],{"class":259},[31,64693,59],{"class":41},[613,64695,64697],{"id":64696},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[21,64699,64701],{"className":23,"code":64700,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[28,64702,64703,64743],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64704,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64706,13459],{"class":37},[31,64708,89],{"class":88},[31,64710,11082],{"class":41},[31,64712,260],{"class":259},[31,64714,8256],{"class":263},[31,64716,260],{"class":259},[31,64718,48],{"class":41},[31,64720,271],{"class":259},[31,64722,8509],{"class":263},[31,64724,260],{"class":259},[31,64726,99],{"class":41},[31,64728,271],{"class":259},[31,64730,20490],{"class":263},[31,64732,260],{"class":259},[31,64734,48],{"class":41},[31,64736,271],{"class":259},[31,64738,22844],{"class":263},[31,64740,260],{"class":259},[31,64742,9900],{"class":41},[31,64744,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64746,134],{"class":133},[31,64748,137],{"class":41},[31,64750,8682],{"class":1561},[31,64752,137],{"class":41},[31,64754,14223],{"class":140},[31,64756,70],{"class":41},[31,64758,5942],{"class":140},[31,64760,6874],{"class":41},[14,64762,358],{},[21,64764,64766],{"className":23,"code":64765,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[28,64767,64768],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64769,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64771,42],{"class":41},[31,64773,370],{"class":259},[31,64775,8509],{"class":263},[31,64777,370],{"class":259},[31,64779,99],{"class":41},[31,64781,379],{"class":259},[31,64783,22844],{"class":263},[31,64785,370],{"class":259},[31,64787,59],{"class":41},[613,64789,64791],{"id":64790},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[21,64793,64795],{"className":23,"code":64794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[28,64796,64797,64837],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64798,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64800,13459],{"class":37},[31,64802,89],{"class":88},[31,64804,11082],{"class":41},[31,64806,260],{"class":259},[31,64808,8256],{"class":263},[31,64810,260],{"class":259},[31,64812,48],{"class":41},[31,64814,271],{"class":259},[31,64816,8509],{"class":263},[31,64818,260],{"class":259},[31,64820,99],{"class":41},[31,64822,271],{"class":259},[31,64824,20490],{"class":263},[31,64826,260],{"class":259},[31,64828,48],{"class":41},[31,64830,271],{"class":259},[31,64832,22844],{"class":263},[31,64834,260],{"class":259},[31,64836,9900],{"class":41},[31,64838,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64840,134],{"class":133},[31,64842,137],{"class":41},[31,64844,8682],{"class":1561},[31,64846,137],{"class":41},[31,64848,14223],{"class":140},[31,64850,70],{"class":41},[31,64852,8397],{"class":140},[31,64854,6874],{"class":41},[14,64856,358],{},[21,64858,64860],{"className":23,"code":64859,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[28,64861,64862],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64863,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64865,22339],{"class":41},[31,64867,370],{"class":259},[31,64869,8256],{"class":263},[31,64871,370],{"class":259},[31,64873,99],{"class":41},[31,64875,379],{"class":259},[31,64877,8509],{"class":263},[31,64879,370],{"class":259},[31,64881,9825],{"class":41},[31,64883,92],{"class":41},[31,64885,370],{"class":259},[31,64887,20490],{"class":263},[31,64889,370],{"class":259},[31,64891,99],{"class":41},[31,64893,379],{"class":259},[31,64895,22844],{"class":263},[31,64897,370],{"class":259},[31,64899,9840],{"class":41},[14,64901,64902],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[72,64904,64906],{"id":64905},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64908,2668,64909,11193],{},[28,64910,25381],{},[228,64912,64913,64921,64930],{},[231,64914,64915,64916,3456,64918],{},"you need list methods like ",[28,64917,53261],{},[28,64919,64920],{},"sort()",[231,64922,64923,64924,3456,64926,64929],{},"you want to convert ",[28,64925,36802],{},[28,64927,64928],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[231,64931,64932],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64934,46648,64935,48],{},[28,64936,64928],{},[21,64938,64940],{"className":23,"code":64939,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[28,64941,64942,64966,64982,64986,65009],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,64943,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,64945,5578],{"class":37},[31,64947,89],{"class":88},[31,64949,4200],{"class":41},[31,64951,260],{"class":259},[31,64953,13476],{"class":263},[31,64955,260],{"class":259},[31,64957,99],{"class":41},[31,64959,271],{"class":259},[31,64961,36547],{"class":263},[31,64963,260],{"class":259},[31,64965,59],{"class":41},[31,64967,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,64969,5647],{"class":37},[31,64971,89],{"class":88},[31,64973,4200],{"class":41},[31,64975,14099],{"class":95},[31,64977,99],{"class":41},[31,64979,14104],{"class":95},[31,64981,59],{"class":41},[31,64983,64984],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,64985,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,64987,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,64989,9807],{"class":37},[31,64991,89],{"class":88},[31,64993,23159],{"class":1561},[31,64995,137],{"class":41},[31,64997,64998],{"class":133},"zip",[31,65000,137],{"class":41},[31,65002,5622],{"class":140},[31,65004,99],{"class":41},[31,65006,5693],{"class":140},[31,65008,1569],{"class":41},[31,65010,65011,65013,65015,65017],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,65012,134],{"class":133},[31,65014,137],{"class":41},[31,65016,9853],{"class":140},[31,65018,120],{"class":41},[14,65020,358],{},[21,65022,65024],{"className":23,"code":65023,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[28,65025,65026],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65027,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65029,22339],{"class":41},[31,65031,370],{"class":259},[31,65033,13476],{"class":263},[31,65035,370],{"class":259},[31,65037,99],{"class":41},[31,65039,20497],{"class":95},[31,65041,9825],{"class":41},[31,65043,92],{"class":41},[31,65045,370],{"class":259},[31,65047,36547],{"class":263},[31,65049,370],{"class":259},[31,65051,99],{"class":41},[31,65053,14104],{"class":95},[31,65055,9840],{"class":41},[14,65057,65058,65059,65061,65062,70],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[28,65060,53261],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[264,65063,53658],{"href":53657},[72,65065,5101],{"id":5100},[14,65067,57384,65068,70],{},[28,65069,25381],{},[613,65071,65073],{"id":65072},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,65075,2102],{},[21,65077,65079],{"className":23,"code":65078,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[28,65080,65081,65085],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65082,65083],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65084,5117],{"class":157},[31,65086,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,65088,8682],{"class":1561},[31,65090,137],{"class":41},[31,65092,146],{"class":95},[31,65094,99],{"class":41},[31,65096,3571],{"class":95},[31,65098,99],{"class":41},[31,65100,3027],{"class":95},[31,65102,120],{"class":41},[14,65104,65105,65107],{},[28,65106,25381],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,65109,19294],{},[21,65111,65113],{"className":23,"code":65112,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[28,65114,65115],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65116,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65118,134],{"class":133},[31,65120,137],{"class":41},[31,65122,8682],{"class":1561},[31,65124,6095],{"class":41},[31,65126,146],{"class":95},[31,65128,99],{"class":41},[31,65130,3571],{"class":95},[31,65132,99],{"class":41},[31,65134,3027],{"class":95},[31,65136,3490],{"class":41},[613,65138,65140,65141],{"id":65139},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[31,65142,65143],{},"\"hello\"",[14,65145,65146],{},"This is a common surprise:",[21,65148,65150],{"className":23,"code":65149,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[28,65151,65152],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65153,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65155,134],{"class":133},[31,65157,137],{"class":41},[31,65159,8682],{"class":1561},[31,65161,137],{"class":41},[31,65163,260],{"class":259},[31,65165,4425],{"class":263},[31,65167,260],{"class":259},[31,65169,1569],{"class":41},[14,65171,358],{},[21,65173,65175],{"className":23,"code":65174,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[28,65176,65177],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65178,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65180,42],{"class":41},[31,65182,370],{"class":259},[31,65184,61048],{"class":263},[31,65186,370],{"class":259},[31,65188,99],{"class":41},[31,65190,379],{"class":259},[31,65192,301],{"class":263},[31,65194,370],{"class":259},[31,65196,99],{"class":41},[31,65198,379],{"class":259},[31,65200,61065],{"class":263},[31,65202,370],{"class":259},[31,65204,99],{"class":41},[31,65206,379],{"class":259},[31,65208,61065],{"class":263},[31,65210,370],{"class":259},[31,65212,99],{"class":41},[31,65214,379],{"class":259},[31,65216,61082],{"class":263},[31,65218,370],{"class":259},[31,65220,59],{"class":41},[14,65222,65223],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,65225,65226],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[21,65228,65230],{"className":23,"code":65229,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[28,65231,65232],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65233,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65235,134],{"class":133},[31,65237,3564],{"class":41},[31,65239,260],{"class":259},[31,65241,4425],{"class":263},[31,65243,260],{"class":259},[31,65245,566],{"class":41},[613,65247,65249],{"id":65248},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,65251,65252],{},"This:",[21,65254,65256],{"className":23,"code":65255,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[28,65257,65258,65290],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65259,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65261,9757],{"class":37},[31,65263,89],{"class":88},[31,65265,11082],{"class":41},[31,65267,260],{"class":259},[31,65269,264],{"class":263},[31,65271,260],{"class":259},[31,65273,48],{"class":41},[31,65275,6082],{"class":95},[31,65277,99],{"class":41},[31,65279,271],{"class":259},[31,65281,274],{"class":263},[31,65283,260],{"class":259},[31,65285,48],{"class":41},[31,65287,3571],{"class":95},[31,65289,9900],{"class":41},[31,65291,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,65293,134],{"class":133},[31,65295,137],{"class":41},[31,65297,8682],{"class":1561},[31,65299,137],{"class":41},[31,65301,9796],{"class":140},[31,65303,1569],{"class":41},[14,65305,65306],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,65308,2668,65309,65312],{},[28,65310,65311],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[613,65314,65316],{"id":65315},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,65318,65319,65321],{},[28,65320,25381],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,65323,65324],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[72,65326,2435],{"id":2434},[613,65328,5762,65330,65332],{"id":65329},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[31,65331],{}," and list()?",[14,65334,65335,65336,65338,65339,65341],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[28,65337,4366],{}," is shorter. ",[28,65340,25381],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[613,65343,65345],{"id":65344},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,65347,65348,65349,65351],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[28,65350,25381],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[613,65353,65355],{"id":65354},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,65357,65358],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[613,65360,65362],{"id":65361},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,65364,65365],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[613,65367,65369],{"id":65368},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,65371,65372,65373,65375],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[28,65374,25381],{}," cannot loop through it.",[72,65377,2475],{"id":2474},[228,65379,65380,65384,65389,65393,65397,65401,65405,65410],{},[231,65381,65382],{},[264,65383,53380],{"href":51587},[231,65385,65386],{},[264,65387,65388],{"href":36799},"Python range() function explained",[231,65390,65391],{},[264,65392,63826],{"href":63825},[231,65394,65395],{},[264,65396,64158],{"href":64157},[231,65398,65399],{},[264,65400,5799],{"href":6171},[231,65402,65403],{},[264,65404,14388],{"href":14387},[231,65406,65407],{},[264,65408,65409],{"href":53208},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[231,65411,65412],{},[264,65413,54887],{"href":53657},[2499,65415,65416],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":65418},[65419,65420,65421,65422,65423,65430,65431,65432,65437,65438,65445,65453],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":63528,"depth":123,"text":63529},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":60229,"depth":123,"text":60230},{"id":63756,"depth":123,"text":63757,"children":65424},[65425,65426,65427,65428,65429],{"id":63760,"depth":130,"text":63761},{"id":63829,"depth":130,"text":63830},{"id":63907,"depth":130,"text":63908},{"id":63982,"depth":130,"text":63983},{"id":64049,"depth":130,"text":64050},{"id":64161,"depth":123,"text":64162},{"id":64297,"depth":123,"text":64298},{"id":64597,"depth":123,"text":64598,"children":65433},[65434,65435,65436],{"id":64606,"depth":130,"text":64607},{"id":64696,"depth":130,"text":64697},{"id":64790,"depth":130,"text":64791},{"id":64905,"depth":123,"text":64906},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":65439},[65440,65441,65443,65444],{"id":65072,"depth":130,"text":65073},{"id":65139,"depth":130,"text":65442},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65248,"depth":130,"text":65249},{"id":65315,"depth":130,"text":65316},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":65446},[65447,65449,65450,65451,65452],{"id":65329,"depth":130,"text":65448},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65344,"depth":130,"text":65345},{"id":65354,"depth":130,"text":65355},{"id":65361,"depth":130,"text":65362},{"id":65368,"depth":130,"text":65369},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63362,"description":65454},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65461,"title":65462,"body":65463,"description":66813,"extension":2542,"meta":66814,"navigation":126,"path":66815,"seo":66816,"stem":66817,"__hash__":66818},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65464,"toc":66787},[65465,65470,65476,65485,65487,65560,65569,65574,65578,65594,65598,65600,65602,65621,65624,65652,65655,65679,65687,65689,65694,65701,65703,65760,65762,65770,65776,65780,65783,65856,65858,65866,65869,65892,65899,65905,65909,65915,65986,65988,65996,66005,66012,66019,66027,66171,66173,66190,66193,66232,66235,66239,66244,66246,66305,66311,66314,66421,66423,66438,66441,66448,66450,66454,66602,66605,66666,66669,66672,66693,66698,66702,66713,66716,66718,66723,66726,66734,66739,66745,66748,66754,66762,66764,66784],[10,65466,54951,65468,11914],{"id":65467},"python-list-index-method",[28,65469,59577],{},[14,65471,65472,65475],{},[28,65473,65474],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,65477,65478,65479,65482,65483,70],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[67,65480,65481],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[28,65484,41309],{},[72,65486,4186],{"id":4185},[21,65488,65490],{"className":23,"code":65489,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[28,65491,65492,65524,65547],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65493,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65495,8368],{"class":37},[31,65497,89],{"class":88},[31,65499,4200],{"class":41},[31,65501,260],{"class":259},[31,65503,4660],{"class":263},[31,65505,260],{"class":259},[31,65507,99],{"class":41},[31,65509,271],{"class":259},[31,65511,4669],{"class":263},[31,65513,260],{"class":259},[31,65515,99],{"class":41},[31,65517,271],{"class":259},[31,65519,4678],{"class":263},[31,65521,260],{"class":259},[31,65523,59],{"class":41},[31,65525,65526,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,65527,65528],{"class":37},"position ",[31,65530,89],{"class":88},[31,65532,620],{"class":37},[31,65534,70],{"class":41},[31,65536,36452],{"class":140},[31,65538,137],{"class":41},[31,65540,260],{"class":259},[31,65542,4669],{"class":263},[31,65544,260],{"class":259},[31,65546,120],{"class":41},[31,65548,65549,65551,65553,65556,65558],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,65550,134],{"class":133},[31,65552,137],{"class":41},[31,65554,65555],{"class":140},"position",[31,65557,4238],{"class":41},[31,65559,28381],{"class":157},[14,65561,2668,65562,65565,65566,65568],{},[28,65563,65564],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[28,65567,41309],{}," if the item is not found.",[72,65570,4255,65572,4258],{"id":65571},"what-listindex-does",[28,65573,65474],{},[14,65575,65576,48],{},[28,65577,65474],{},[228,65579,65580,65583,65586,65591],{},[231,65581,65582],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[231,65584,65585],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[231,65587,65588,65589],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[28,65590,1243],{},[231,65592,65593],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65595,55176,65596,70],{},[264,65597,53380],{"href":55179},[72,65599,2733],{"id":2732},[14,65601,31328],{},[21,65603,65605],{"className":23,"code":65604,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.index(value)\n",[28,65606,65607],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65608,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65610,8928],{"class":37},[31,65612,70],{"class":41},[31,65614,36452],{"class":140},[31,65616,137],{"class":41},[31,65618,3049],{"class":140},[31,65620,120],{"class":41},[14,65622,65623],{},"You can also limit the search:",[21,65625,65627],{"className":23,"code":65626,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[28,65628,65629],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65630,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65650],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65632,8928],{"class":37},[31,65634,70],{"class":41},[31,65636,36452],{"class":140},[31,65638,137],{"class":41},[31,65640,3049],{"class":140},[31,65642,99],{"class":41},[31,65644,36658],{"class":140},[31,65646,99],{"class":41},[31,65648,65649],{"class":140}," end",[31,65651,120],{"class":41},[14,65653,65654],{},"Here is what each part means:",[228,65656,65657,65662,65667,65672],{},[231,65658,65659,65661],{},[28,65660,3049],{},": the item to search for",[231,65663,65664,65666],{},[28,65665,45],{},": where the search begins",[231,65668,65669,65671],{},[28,65670,53269],{},": where the search stops",[231,65673,65674,5366,65676,65678],{},[28,65675,53269],{},[67,65677,69],{}," in the search range",[14,65680,65681,65682,65684,65685,70],{},"This means Python searches from ",[28,65683,45],{}," up to, but not including, ",[28,65686,53269],{},[72,65688,38625],{"id":38624},[14,65690,65691,65693],{},[28,65692,65474],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65695,65696,65697,65700],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[67,65698,65699],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65702,242],{},[21,65704,65706],{"className":23,"code":65705,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,65707,65708,65728,65746,65750],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65709,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65711,85],{"class":37},[31,65713,89],{"class":88},[31,65715,4200],{"class":41},[31,65717,96],{"class":95},[31,65719,99],{"class":41},[31,65721,102],{"class":95},[31,65723,99],{"class":41},[31,65725,107],{"class":95},[31,65727,59],{"class":41},[31,65729,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,65731,1522],{"class":37},[31,65733,89],{"class":88},[31,65735,1527],{"class":37},[31,65737,70],{"class":41},[31,65739,36452],{"class":140},[31,65741,137],{"class":41},[31,65743,580],{"class":95},[31,65745,120],{"class":41},[31,65747,65748],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,65749,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,65751,65752,65754,65756,65758],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,65753,134],{"class":133},[31,65755,137],{"class":41},[31,65757,1550],{"class":140},[31,65759,120],{"class":41},[14,65761,358],{},[21,65763,65764],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,65765,65766],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65767,65768],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65769,47525],{"class":95},[14,65771,65772,65773,65775],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[28,65774,59577],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[72,65777,65779],{"id":65778},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65781,65782],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[21,65784,65786],{"className":23,"code":65785,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[28,65787,65788,65820,65842,65846],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65789,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65791,36843],{"class":37},[31,65793,89],{"class":88},[31,65795,4200],{"class":41},[31,65797,260],{"class":259},[31,65799,4660],{"class":263},[31,65801,260],{"class":259},[31,65803,99],{"class":41},[31,65805,271],{"class":259},[31,65807,4669],{"class":263},[31,65809,260],{"class":259},[31,65811,99],{"class":41},[31,65813,271],{"class":259},[31,65815,4678],{"class":263},[31,65817,260],{"class":259},[31,65819,59],{"class":41},[31,65821,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,65823,65528],{"class":37},[31,65825,89],{"class":88},[31,65827,53460],{"class":37},[31,65829,70],{"class":41},[31,65831,36452],{"class":140},[31,65833,137],{"class":41},[31,65835,260],{"class":259},[31,65837,4678],{"class":263},[31,65839,260],{"class":259},[31,65841,120],{"class":41},[31,65843,65844],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,65845,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,65847,65848,65850,65852,65854],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,65849,134],{"class":133},[31,65851,137],{"class":41},[31,65853,65555],{"class":140},[31,65855,120],{"class":41},[14,65857,358],{},[21,65859,65860],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,65861,65862],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65863,65864],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65865,17654],{"class":95},[14,65867,65868],{},"In this list:",[228,65870,65871,65878,65885],{},[231,65872,65873,65875,65876],{},[28,65874,58442],{}," is at index ",[28,65877,1243],{},[231,65879,65880,65875,65883],{},[28,65881,65882],{},"\"banana\"",[28,65884,146],{},[231,65886,65887,65875,65890],{},[28,65888,65889],{},"\"cherry\"",[28,65891,193],{},[14,65893,54262,65894,2972,65897,70],{},[28,65895,65896],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[28,65898,193],{},[14,65900,52151,65901,70],{},[264,65902,65904],{"href":65903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[72,65906,65908],{"id":65907},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65910,65911,65912,65914],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[28,65913,59577],{}," returns the first match only.",[21,65916,65918],{"className":23,"code":65917,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[28,65919,65920,65960,65964],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65921,65922,65924,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65923,13672],{"class":37},[31,65925,89],{"class":88},[31,65927,4200],{"class":41},[31,65929,260],{"class":259},[31,65931,13689],{"class":263},[31,65933,260],{"class":259},[31,65935,99],{"class":41},[31,65937,271],{"class":259},[31,65939,13706],{"class":263},[31,65941,260],{"class":259},[31,65943,99],{"class":41},[31,65945,271],{"class":259},[31,65947,13689],{"class":263},[31,65949,260],{"class":259},[31,65951,99],{"class":41},[31,65953,271],{"class":259},[31,65955,18054],{"class":263},[31,65957,260],{"class":259},[31,65959,59],{"class":41},[31,65961,65962],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,65963,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,65965,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,65967,134],{"class":133},[31,65969,137],{"class":41},[31,65971,18101],{"class":140},[31,65973,70],{"class":41},[31,65975,36452],{"class":140},[31,65977,137],{"class":41},[31,65979,260],{"class":259},[31,65981,13689],{"class":263},[31,65983,260],{"class":259},[31,65985,1569],{"class":41},[14,65987,358],{},[21,65989,65990],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,65991,65992],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,65993,65994],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,65995,47860],{"class":95},[14,65997,21576,65998,66001,66002,66004],{},[28,65999,66000],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[28,66003,1243],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,66006,66007,66008,70],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[264,66009,56129,66010,11333],{"href":59636},[28,66011,57899],{},[72,66013,9007,66015,4975,66017],{"id":66014},"using-start-and-end",[28,66016,45],{},[28,66018,53269],{},[14,66020,66021,66022,4975,66024,66026],{},"The optional ",[28,66023,45],{},[28,66025,53269],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[21,66028,66030],{"className":23,"code":66029,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[28,66031,66032,66080,66084,66109,66138],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66033,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66035,252],{"class":37},[31,66037,89],{"class":88},[31,66039,4200],{"class":41},[31,66041,260],{"class":259},[31,66043,264],{"class":263},[31,66045,260],{"class":259},[31,66047,99],{"class":41},[31,66049,271],{"class":259},[31,66051,274],{"class":263},[31,66053,260],{"class":259},[31,66055,99],{"class":41},[31,66057,271],{"class":259},[31,66059,283],{"class":263},[31,66061,260],{"class":259},[31,66063,99],{"class":41},[31,66065,271],{"class":259},[31,66067,274],{"class":263},[31,66069,260],{"class":259},[31,66071,99],{"class":41},[31,66073,271],{"class":259},[31,66075,292],{"class":263},[31,66077,260],{"class":259},[31,66079,59],{"class":41},[31,66081,66082],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66083,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,66085,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102,66104,66106],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,66087,134],{"class":133},[31,66089,137],{"class":41},[31,66091,353],{"class":140},[31,66093,70],{"class":41},[31,66095,36452],{"class":140},[31,66097,137],{"class":41},[31,66099,260],{"class":259},[31,66101,274],{"class":263},[31,66103,260],{"class":259},[31,66105,5945],{"class":41},[31,66107,66108],{"class":157},"        # first match\n",[31,66110,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,66112,134],{"class":133},[31,66114,137],{"class":41},[31,66116,353],{"class":140},[31,66118,70],{"class":41},[31,66120,36452],{"class":140},[31,66122,137],{"class":41},[31,66124,260],{"class":259},[31,66126,274],{"class":263},[31,66128,260],{"class":259},[31,66130,99],{"class":41},[31,66132,3571],{"class":95},[31,66134,5945],{"class":41},[31,66136,66137],{"class":157},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[31,66139,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,66141,134],{"class":133},[31,66143,137],{"class":41},[31,66145,353],{"class":140},[31,66147,70],{"class":41},[31,66149,36452],{"class":140},[31,66151,137],{"class":41},[31,66153,260],{"class":259},[31,66155,274],{"class":263},[31,66157,260],{"class":259},[31,66159,99],{"class":41},[31,66161,6082],{"class":95},[31,66163,99],{"class":41},[31,66165,3033],{"class":95},[31,66167,5945],{"class":41},[31,66169,66170],{"class":157},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,66172,358],{},[21,66174,66176],{"className":23,"code":66175,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1\n3\n1\n",[28,66177,66178,66182,66186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66179,66180],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66181,47525],{"class":95},[31,66183,66184],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66185,47225],{"class":95},[31,66187,66188],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,66189,47525],{"class":95},[14,66191,66192],{},"How this works:",[228,66194,66195,66207,66220],{},[231,66196,66197,66200,66201,66204,66205],{},[28,66198,66199],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[28,66202,66203],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[28,66206,146],{},[231,66208,66209,66212,66213,66215,66216,66204,66218],{},[28,66210,66211],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[28,66214,193],{},", so it finds the next ",[28,66217,66203],{},[28,66219,173],{},[231,66221,66222,66225,66226,2766,66228,17670,66230],{},[28,66223,66224],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[28,66227,146],{},[28,66229,193],{},[28,66231,173],{},[14,66233,66234],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[72,66236,66238],{"id":66237},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,66240,66241,66242,70],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[28,66243,41309],{},[14,66245,242],{},[21,66247,66249],{"className":23,"code":66248,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[28,66250,66251,66283],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66252,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66254,8368],{"class":37},[31,66256,89],{"class":88},[31,66258,4200],{"class":41},[31,66260,260],{"class":259},[31,66262,4660],{"class":263},[31,66264,260],{"class":259},[31,66266,99],{"class":41},[31,66268,271],{"class":259},[31,66270,4669],{"class":263},[31,66272,260],{"class":259},[31,66274,99],{"class":41},[31,66276,271],{"class":259},[31,66278,4678],{"class":263},[31,66280,260],{"class":259},[31,66282,59],{"class":41},[31,66284,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66286,134],{"class":133},[31,66288,137],{"class":41},[31,66290,8397],{"class":140},[31,66292,70],{"class":41},[31,66294,36452],{"class":140},[31,66296,137],{"class":41},[31,66298,260],{"class":259},[31,66300,33825],{"class":263},[31,66302,260],{"class":259},[31,66304,1569],{"class":41},[14,66306,40259,66307,66310],{},[28,66308,66309],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,66312,66313],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[21,66315,66317],{"className":23,"code":66316,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[28,66318,66319,66351,66364,66368,66381,66400,66406],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66320,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66322,8368],{"class":37},[31,66324,89],{"class":88},[31,66326,4200],{"class":41},[31,66328,260],{"class":259},[31,66330,4660],{"class":263},[31,66332,260],{"class":259},[31,66334,99],{"class":41},[31,66336,271],{"class":259},[31,66338,4669],{"class":263},[31,66340,260],{"class":259},[31,66342,99],{"class":41},[31,66344,271],{"class":259},[31,66346,4678],{"class":263},[31,66348,260],{"class":259},[31,66350,59],{"class":41},[31,66352,66353,66356,66358,66360,66362],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66354,66355],{"class":37},"search_value ",[31,66357,89],{"class":88},[31,66359,271],{"class":259},[31,66361,33825],{"class":263},[31,66363,3934],{"class":259},[31,66365,66366],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,66367,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,66369,66370,66372,66375,66377,66379],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,66371,7584],{"class":4457},[31,66373,66374],{"class":37}," search_value ",[31,66376,4464],{"class":88},[31,66378,620],{"class":37},[31,66380,6978],{"class":41},[31,66382,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66398],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,66384,8657],{"class":133},[31,66386,137],{"class":41},[31,66388,8397],{"class":140},[31,66390,70],{"class":41},[31,66392,36452],{"class":140},[31,66394,137],{"class":41},[31,66396,66397],{"class":140},"search_value",[31,66399,1569],{"class":41},[31,66401,66402,66404],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,66403,28035],{"class":4457},[31,66405,6978],{"class":41},[31,66407,66408,66410,66412,66414,66417,66419],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,66409,8657],{"class":133},[31,66411,137],{"class":41},[31,66413,260],{"class":259},[31,66415,66416],{"class":263},"Item not found",[31,66418,260],{"class":259},[31,66420,120],{"class":41},[14,66422,358],{},[21,66424,66426],{"className":23,"code":66425,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Item not found\n",[28,66427,66428],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66429,66430,66433,66435],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66431,66432],{"class":37},"Item ",[31,66434,5213],{"class":88},[31,66436,66437],{"class":37}," found\n",[14,66439,66440],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,66442,66443,66444,70],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[264,66445,66447],{"href":66446},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[72,66449,5101],{"id":5100},[14,66451,21810,66452,48],{},[28,66453,65474],{},[228,66455,66456,66474,66486,66546],{},[231,66457,26375,66458,2972,66460,66463,66464,66466,66467,5743,66469,66471,66472,70],{},[28,66459,59577],{},[28,66461,66462],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10437,66465],{},"\nPython does ",[67,66468,5213],{},[28,66470,66462],{},". It raises ",[28,66473,41309],{},[231,66475,66476,66477,66479,66482,66483,66485],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10437,66478],{},[28,66480,66481],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[28,66484,65882],{},", not the value itself.",[231,66487,9007,66488,11685,66491,66493,66495,66496,17253,66498,66521,17241,66523],{},[28,66489,66490],{},"index[]",[28,66492,59577],{},[10437,66494],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10437,66497],{},[21,66499,66501],{"className":23,"code":66500,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[28,66502,66503],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66504,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66506,8397],{"class":37},[31,66508,70],{"class":41},[31,66510,36452],{"class":140},[31,66512,137],{"class":41},[31,66514,260],{"class":259},[31,66516,4669],{"class":263},[31,66518,260],{"class":259},[31,66520,120],{"class":41},[10437,66522],{},[21,66524,66526],{"className":23,"code":66525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[28,66527,66528],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66529,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66531,8397],{"class":37},[31,66533,70],{"class":41},[31,66535,36452],{"class":25350},[31,66537,42],{"class":41},[31,66539,260],{"class":259},[31,66541,4669],{"class":263},[31,66543,260],{"class":259},[31,66545,59],{"class":41},[231,66547,66548,66549,66551,4975,66554,66556,66557],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10437,66550],{},[28,66552,66553],{},"\"3\"",[28,66555,173],{}," are different values in Python.",[21,66558,66560],{"className":23,"code":66559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[28,66561,66562,66582],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66563,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66565,85],{"class":37},[31,66567,89],{"class":88},[31,66569,4200],{"class":41},[31,66571,146],{"class":95},[31,66573,99],{"class":41},[31,66575,3571],{"class":95},[31,66577,99],{"class":41},[31,66579,3027],{"class":95},[31,66581,59],{"class":41},[31,66583,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66585,134],{"class":133},[31,66587,137],{"class":41},[31,66589,260],{"class":259},[31,66591,173],{"class":263},[31,66593,260],{"class":259},[31,66595,21772],{"class":4457},[31,66597,1527],{"class":140},[31,66599,4238],{"class":41},[31,66601,5354],{"class":157},[14,66603,66604],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[21,66606,66608],{"className":23,"code":66607,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[28,66609,66610,66620,66634,66648],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66611,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66613,134],{"class":133},[31,66615,137],{"class":41},[31,66617,8928],{"class":140},[31,66619,120],{"class":41},[31,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66623,134],{"class":133},[31,66625,137],{"class":41},[31,66627,1562],{"class":1561},[31,66629,137],{"class":41},[31,66631,66397],{"class":140},[31,66633,1569],{"class":41},[31,66635,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,66637,134],{"class":133},[31,66639,137],{"class":41},[31,66641,66355],{"class":140},[31,66643,4464],{"class":4457},[31,66645,8985],{"class":140},[31,66647,120],{"class":41},[31,66649,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,66651,134],{"class":133},[31,66653,137],{"class":41},[31,66655,8928],{"class":140},[31,66657,70],{"class":41},[31,66659,36452],{"class":140},[31,66661,137],{"class":41},[31,66663,66397],{"class":140},[31,66665,1569],{"class":41},[14,66667,66668],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66670,66671],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[228,66673,66674,66677,66684,66690],{},[231,66675,66676],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[231,66678,66679,66680,11685,66682],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[28,66681,66553],{},[28,66683,173],{},[231,66685,66686,66687,66689],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[28,66688,59577],{}," returns only the first one",[231,66691,66692],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[72,66694,5544,66696],{"id":66695},"when-to-use-index",[28,66697,59577],{},[14,66699,2668,66700,11193],{},[28,66701,59577],{},[228,66703,66704,66707,66710],{},[231,66705,66706],{},"You need the position of a known value",[231,66708,66709],{},"You are working with a small list",[231,66711,66712],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66714,66715],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[72,66717,2435],{"id":2434},[613,66719,2453,66721,5727],{"id":66720},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[28,66722,65474],{},[14,66724,66725],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[613,66727,13299,66729,5743,66731,66733],{"id":66728},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[28,66730,65474],{},[28,66732,66462],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66735,66736,66737,7217],{},"No. It raises ",[28,66738,41309],{},[613,66740,5752,66742,66744],{"id":66741},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[28,66743,65474],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66746,66747],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[613,66749,66751,66752,2466],{"id":66750},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[28,66753,59577],{},[14,66755,66756,66757,4975,66759,66761],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[28,66758,45],{},[28,66760,53269],{}," arguments.",[72,66763,2475],{"id":2474},[228,66765,66766,66770,66774,66778],{},[231,66767,66768],{},[264,66769,59565],{"href":65903},[231,66771,66772],{},[264,66773,53380],{"href":55179},[231,66775,66776],{},[264,66777,66447],{"href":66446},[231,66779,66780],{},[264,66781,56129,66782,11333],{"href":59636},[28,66783,57899],{},[2499,66785,66786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":66788},[66789,66790,66792,66793,66794,66795,66796,66798,66799,66800,66802,66812],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":65571,"depth":123,"text":66791},"What list.index() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":38624,"depth":123,"text":38625},{"id":65778,"depth":123,"text":65779},{"id":65907,"depth":123,"text":65908},{"id":66014,"depth":123,"text":66797},"Using start and end",{"id":66237,"depth":123,"text":66238},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101},{"id":66695,"depth":123,"text":66801},"When to use index()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":66803},[66804,66806,66808,66810],{"id":66720,"depth":130,"text":66805},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66728,"depth":130,"text":66807},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66741,"depth":130,"text":66809},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66750,"depth":130,"text":66811},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65462,"description":66813},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66820,"title":66821,"body":66822,"description":68764,"extension":2542,"meta":68765,"navigation":126,"path":68766,"seo":68767,"stem":68768,"__hash__":68769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66823,"toc":68724},[66824,66829,66834,66837,66846,66903,66909,66914,66918,66932,66938,66940,66963,66980,66982,67043,67045,67077,67090,67092,67095,67195,67197,67275,67281,67285,67293,67297,67303,67358,67360,67384,67388,67391,67444,67446,67470,67474,67477,67530,67532,67556,67560,67566,67637,67639,67680,67686,67693,67696,67701,67709,67714,67722,67724,67821,67823,67892,67899,67904,67906,67910,67915,67917,67988,67990,68019,68025,68027,68054,68057,68080,68084,68087,68109,68112,68135,68137,68197,68199,68231,68237,68242,68295,68297,68322,68325,68374,68376,68397,68401,68406,68409,68464,68466,68493,68500,68504,68509,68580,68583,68597,68602,68607,68609,68623,68635,68640,68642,68647,68652,68656,68659,68665,68671,68678,68686,68688,68721],[10,66825,54951,66827,11914],{"id":66826},"python-list-insert-method",[28,66828,54877],{},[14,66830,66831,66833],{},[28,66832,54520],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66835,66836],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66838,2668,66839,66841,66842,70],{},[28,66840,54877],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[264,66843,56129,66844,11333],{"href":57377},[28,66845,53261],{},[21,66847,66849],{"className":23,"code":66848,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,66850,66851,66871,66889,66899],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66852,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66854,85],{"class":37},[31,66856,89],{"class":88},[31,66858,4200],{"class":41},[31,66860,146],{"class":95},[31,66862,99],{"class":41},[31,66864,3571],{"class":95},[31,66866,99],{"class":41},[31,66868,3033],{"class":95},[31,66870,59],{"class":41},[31,66872,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,66874,141],{"class":37},[31,66876,70],{"class":41},[31,66878,54560],{"class":140},[31,66880,137],{"class":41},[31,66882,193],{"class":95},[31,66884,99],{"class":41},[31,66886,3027],{"class":95},[31,66888,120],{"class":41},[31,66890,66891,66893,66895,66897],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,66892,134],{"class":133},[31,66894,137],{"class":41},[31,66896,141],{"class":140},[31,66898,120],{"class":41},[31,66900,66901],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,66902,53332],{"class":157},[14,66904,2668,66905,66908],{},[28,66906,66907],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[72,66910,4255,66912,4258],{"id":66911},"what-listinsert-does",[28,66913,54520],{},[14,66915,66916,48],{},[28,66917,54520],{},[228,66919,66920,66923,66926,66928],{},[231,66921,66922],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[231,66924,66925],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[231,66927,55037],{},[231,66929,12016,66930],{},[28,66931,4357],{},[14,66933,66934,66935,66937],{},"That last point is important. ",[28,66936,54877],{}," does not create a new list.",[72,66939,6015],{"id":6014},[21,66941,66943],{"className":23,"code":66942,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[28,66944,66945],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66946,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66948,8928],{"class":37},[31,66950,70],{"class":41},[31,66952,54560],{"class":140},[31,66954,137],{"class":41},[31,66956,36452],{"class":140},[31,66958,99],{"class":41},[31,66960,30109],{"class":140},[31,66962,120],{"class":41},[228,66964,66965,66970,66975],{},[231,66966,66967,66969],{},[28,66968,36452],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[231,66971,66972,66974],{},[28,66973,23910],{}," is the value to add",[231,66976,66977,66978],{},"The first list position is index ",[28,66979,1243],{},[14,66981,242],{},[21,66983,66985],{"className":23,"code":66984,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,66986,66987,67011,67033],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,66988,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,66990,252],{"class":37},[31,66992,89],{"class":88},[31,66994,4200],{"class":41},[31,66996,260],{"class":259},[31,66998,264],{"class":263},[31,67000,260],{"class":259},[31,67002,99],{"class":41},[31,67004,271],{"class":259},[31,67006,283],{"class":263},[31,67008,260],{"class":259},[31,67010,59],{"class":41},[31,67012,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67014,353],{"class":37},[31,67016,70],{"class":41},[31,67018,54560],{"class":140},[31,67020,137],{"class":41},[31,67022,146],{"class":95},[31,67024,99],{"class":41},[31,67026,271],{"class":259},[31,67028,274],{"class":263},[31,67030,260],{"class":259},[31,67032,120],{"class":41},[31,67034,67035,67037,67039,67041],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67036,134],{"class":133},[31,67038,137],{"class":41},[31,67040,353],{"class":140},[31,67042,120],{"class":41},[14,67044,358],{},[21,67046,67047],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,67048,67049],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67050,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67052,42],{"class":41},[31,67054,370],{"class":259},[31,67056,264],{"class":263},[31,67058,370],{"class":259},[31,67060,99],{"class":41},[31,67062,379],{"class":259},[31,67064,274],{"class":263},[31,67066,370],{"class":259},[31,67068,99],{"class":41},[31,67070,379],{"class":259},[31,67072,283],{"class":263},[31,67074,370],{"class":259},[31,67076,59],{"class":41},[14,67078,21369,67079,67081,67082,67084,67085,4975,67087,70],{},[28,67080,66203],{}," is inserted at index ",[28,67083,146],{},", so it appears between ",[28,67086,18695],{},[28,67088,67089],{},"\"c\"",[72,67091,6372],{"id":6371},[14,67093,67094],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[21,67096,67098],{"className":23,"code":67097,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[28,67099,67100,67132,67150,67154,67176],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67101,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67103,13672],{"class":37},[31,67105,89],{"class":88},[31,67107,4200],{"class":41},[31,67109,260],{"class":259},[31,67111,13689],{"class":263},[31,67113,260],{"class":259},[31,67115,99],{"class":41},[31,67117,271],{"class":259},[31,67119,13706],{"class":263},[31,67121,260],{"class":259},[31,67123,99],{"class":41},[31,67125,271],{"class":259},[31,67127,18054],{"class":263},[31,67129,260],{"class":259},[31,67131,59],{"class":41},[31,67133,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67135,134],{"class":133},[31,67137,137],{"class":41},[31,67139,260],{"class":259},[31,67141,12157],{"class":263},[31,67143,260],{"class":259},[31,67145,99],{"class":41},[31,67147,13720],{"class":140},[31,67149,120],{"class":41},[31,67151,67152],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67153,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,67155,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,67157,18101],{"class":37},[31,67159,70],{"class":41},[31,67161,54560],{"class":140},[31,67163,137],{"class":41},[31,67165,146],{"class":95},[31,67167,99],{"class":41},[31,67169,271],{"class":259},[31,67171,23123],{"class":263},[31,67173,260],{"class":259},[31,67175,120],{"class":41},[31,67177,67178,67180,67182,67184,67187,67189,67191,67193],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,67179,134],{"class":133},[31,67181,137],{"class":41},[31,67183,260],{"class":259},[31,67185,67186],{"class":263},"After: ",[31,67188,260],{"class":259},[31,67190,99],{"class":41},[31,67192,13720],{"class":140},[31,67194,120],{"class":41},[14,67196,358],{},[21,67198,67200],{"className":23,"code":67199,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[28,67201,67202,67234],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67203,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67205,12217],{"class":37},[31,67207,48],{"class":41},[31,67209,4200],{"class":41},[31,67211,370],{"class":259},[31,67213,13689],{"class":263},[31,67215,370],{"class":259},[31,67217,99],{"class":41},[31,67219,379],{"class":259},[31,67221,13706],{"class":263},[31,67223,370],{"class":259},[31,67225,99],{"class":41},[31,67227,379],{"class":259},[31,67229,18054],{"class":263},[31,67231,370],{"class":259},[31,67233,59],{"class":41},[31,67235,67236,67238,67240,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67237,12270],{"class":37},[31,67239,48],{"class":41},[31,67241,67242],{"class":41},"  [",[31,67244,370],{"class":259},[31,67246,13689],{"class":263},[31,67248,370],{"class":259},[31,67250,99],{"class":41},[31,67252,379],{"class":259},[31,67254,23123],{"class":263},[31,67256,370],{"class":259},[31,67258,99],{"class":41},[31,67260,379],{"class":259},[31,67262,13706],{"class":263},[31,67264,370],{"class":259},[31,67266,99],{"class":41},[31,67268,379],{"class":259},[31,67270,18054],{"class":263},[31,67272,370],{"class":259},[31,67274,59],{"class":41},[14,67276,67277,67278,67280],{},"The new value appears at index ",[28,67279,146],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[72,67282,67284],{"id":67283},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,67286,62,67287,35935,67289,67292],{},[28,67288,36452],{},[28,67290,67291],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[613,67294,67296],{"id":67295},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,67298,67299,67300,67302],{},"Use index ",[28,67301,1243],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[21,67304,67306],{"className":23,"code":67305,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[28,67307,67308,67329,67348],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67309,67310,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67311,67312],{"class":37},"nums ",[31,67314,89],{"class":88},[31,67316,4200],{"class":41},[31,67318,193],{"class":95},[31,67320,99],{"class":41},[31,67322,3027],{"class":95},[31,67324,99],{"class":41},[31,67326,3033],{"class":95},[31,67328,59],{"class":41},[31,67330,67331,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67332,67333],{"class":37},"nums",[31,67335,70],{"class":41},[31,67337,54560],{"class":140},[31,67339,137],{"class":41},[31,67341,1243],{"class":95},[31,67343,99],{"class":41},[31,67345,6082],{"class":95},[31,67347,120],{"class":41},[31,67349,67350,67352,67354,67356],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67351,134],{"class":133},[31,67353,137],{"class":41},[31,67355,67333],{"class":140},[31,67357,120],{"class":41},[14,67359,358],{},[21,67361,67362],{"className":23,"code":54114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,67363,67364],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67365,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67367,42],{"class":41},[31,67369,146],{"class":95},[31,67371,99],{"class":41},[31,67373,3571],{"class":95},[31,67375,99],{"class":41},[31,67377,3027],{"class":95},[31,67379,99],{"class":41},[31,67381,3033],{"class":95},[31,67383,59],{"class":41},[613,67385,67387],{"id":67386},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,67389,67390],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[21,67392,67394],{"className":23,"code":67393,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[28,67395,67396,67416,67434],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67397,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67399,67312],{"class":37},[31,67401,89],{"class":88},[31,67403,4200],{"class":41},[31,67405,146],{"class":95},[31,67407,99],{"class":41},[31,67409,3571],{"class":95},[31,67411,99],{"class":41},[31,67413,3033],{"class":95},[31,67415,59],{"class":41},[31,67417,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67419,67333],{"class":37},[31,67421,70],{"class":41},[31,67423,54560],{"class":140},[31,67425,137],{"class":41},[31,67427,193],{"class":95},[31,67429,99],{"class":41},[31,67431,3027],{"class":95},[31,67433,120],{"class":41},[31,67435,67436,67438,67440,67442],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67437,134],{"class":133},[31,67439,137],{"class":41},[31,67441,67333],{"class":140},[31,67443,120],{"class":41},[14,67445,358],{},[21,67447,67448],{"className":23,"code":54114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,67449,67450],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67451,67452,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67453,42],{"class":41},[31,67455,146],{"class":95},[31,67457,99],{"class":41},[31,67459,3571],{"class":95},[31,67461,99],{"class":41},[31,67463,3027],{"class":95},[31,67465,99],{"class":41},[31,67467,3033],{"class":95},[31,67469,59],{"class":41},[613,67471,67473],{"id":67472},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,67475,67476],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[21,67478,67480],{"className":23,"code":67479,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[28,67481,67482,67502,67520],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67483,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67485,67312],{"class":37},[31,67487,89],{"class":88},[31,67489,4200],{"class":41},[31,67491,146],{"class":95},[31,67493,99],{"class":41},[31,67495,3571],{"class":95},[31,67497,99],{"class":41},[31,67499,3027],{"class":95},[31,67501,59],{"class":41},[31,67503,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67505,67333],{"class":37},[31,67507,70],{"class":41},[31,67509,54560],{"class":140},[31,67511,137],{"class":41},[31,67513,96],{"class":95},[31,67515,99],{"class":41},[31,67517,3033],{"class":95},[31,67519,120],{"class":41},[31,67521,67522,67524,67526,67528],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67523,134],{"class":133},[31,67525,137],{"class":41},[31,67527,67333],{"class":140},[31,67529,120],{"class":41},[14,67531,358],{},[21,67533,67534],{"className":23,"code":54114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,67535,67536],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67537,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67539,42],{"class":41},[31,67541,146],{"class":95},[31,67543,99],{"class":41},[31,67545,3571],{"class":95},[31,67547,99],{"class":41},[31,67549,3027],{"class":95},[31,67551,99],{"class":41},[31,67553,3033],{"class":95},[31,67555,59],{"class":41},[613,67557,67559],{"id":67558},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67561,67562,67563,67565],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[28,67564,54877],{}," places the item before that position.",[21,67567,67569],{"className":23,"code":67568,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,67570,67571,67603,67627],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67572,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67574,252],{"class":37},[31,67576,89],{"class":88},[31,67578,4200],{"class":41},[31,67580,260],{"class":259},[31,67582,264],{"class":263},[31,67584,260],{"class":259},[31,67586,99],{"class":41},[31,67588,271],{"class":259},[31,67590,274],{"class":263},[31,67592,260],{"class":259},[31,67594,99],{"class":41},[31,67596,271],{"class":259},[31,67598,292],{"class":263},[31,67600,260],{"class":259},[31,67602,59],{"class":41},[31,67604,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67606,353],{"class":37},[31,67608,70],{"class":41},[31,67610,54560],{"class":140},[31,67612,137],{"class":41},[31,67614,212],{"class":88},[31,67616,146],{"class":95},[31,67618,99],{"class":41},[31,67620,271],{"class":259},[31,67622,283],{"class":263},[31,67624,260],{"class":259},[31,67626,120],{"class":41},[31,67628,67629,67631,67633,67635],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67630,134],{"class":133},[31,67632,137],{"class":41},[31,67634,353],{"class":140},[31,67636,120],{"class":41},[14,67638,358],{},[21,67640,67642],{"className":23,"code":67641,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[28,67643,67644],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67645,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67647,42],{"class":41},[31,67649,370],{"class":259},[31,67651,264],{"class":263},[31,67653,370],{"class":259},[31,67655,99],{"class":41},[31,67657,379],{"class":259},[31,67659,274],{"class":263},[31,67661,370],{"class":259},[31,67663,99],{"class":41},[31,67665,379],{"class":259},[31,67667,283],{"class":263},[31,67669,370],{"class":259},[31,67671,99],{"class":41},[31,67673,379],{"class":259},[31,67675,292],{"class":263},[31,67677,370],{"class":259},[31,67679,59],{"class":41},[14,67681,67682,67683,2880],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[264,67684,67685],{"href":51587},"Python lists beginner guide",[72,67687,67689,11177,67691],{"id":67688},"insert-vs-append",[28,67690,54877],{},[28,67692,53261],{},[14,67694,67695],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[613,67697,2668,67699,11193],{"id":67698},"use-insert-when",[28,67700,54877],{},[228,67702,67703,67706],{},[231,67704,67705],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[231,67707,67708],{},"The order of the list matters",[613,67710,2668,67712,11193],{"id":67711},"use-append-when",[28,67713,53261],{},[228,67715,67716,67719],{},[231,67717,67718],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[231,67720,67721],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67723,242],{},[21,67725,67727],{"className":23,"code":67726,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[28,67728,67729,67753,67757,67779,67789,67793,67811],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67730,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67749,67751],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67732,8368],{"class":37},[31,67734,89],{"class":88},[31,67736,4200],{"class":41},[31,67738,260],{"class":259},[31,67740,4660],{"class":263},[31,67742,260],{"class":259},[31,67744,99],{"class":41},[31,67746,271],{"class":259},[31,67748,33825],{"class":263},[31,67750,260],{"class":259},[31,67752,59],{"class":41},[31,67754,67755],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67756,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,67758,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67760,8397],{"class":37},[31,67762,70],{"class":41},[31,67764,54560],{"class":140},[31,67766,137],{"class":41},[31,67768,146],{"class":95},[31,67770,99],{"class":41},[31,67772,271],{"class":259},[31,67774,4669],{"class":263},[31,67776,260],{"class":259},[31,67778,120],{"class":41},[31,67780,67781,67783,67785,67787],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,67782,134],{"class":133},[31,67784,137],{"class":41},[31,67786,8397],{"class":140},[31,67788,120],{"class":41},[31,67790,67791],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,67792,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,67794,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,67796,8397],{"class":37},[31,67798,70],{"class":41},[31,67800,14150],{"class":140},[31,67802,137],{"class":41},[31,67804,260],{"class":259},[31,67806,23132],{"class":263},[31,67808,260],{"class":259},[31,67810,120],{"class":41},[31,67812,67813,67815,67817,67819],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,67814,134],{"class":133},[31,67816,137],{"class":41},[31,67818,8397],{"class":140},[31,67820,120],{"class":41},[14,67822,358],{},[21,67824,67826],{"className":23,"code":67825,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[28,67827,67828,67856],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67829,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67831,42],{"class":41},[31,67833,370],{"class":259},[31,67835,4660],{"class":263},[31,67837,370],{"class":259},[31,67839,99],{"class":41},[31,67841,379],{"class":259},[31,67843,4669],{"class":263},[31,67845,370],{"class":259},[31,67847,99],{"class":41},[31,67849,379],{"class":259},[31,67851,33825],{"class":263},[31,67853,370],{"class":259},[31,67855,59],{"class":41},[31,67857,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67859,42],{"class":41},[31,67861,370],{"class":259},[31,67863,4660],{"class":263},[31,67865,370],{"class":259},[31,67867,99],{"class":41},[31,67869,379],{"class":259},[31,67871,4669],{"class":263},[31,67873,370],{"class":259},[31,67875,99],{"class":41},[31,67877,379],{"class":259},[31,67879,33825],{"class":263},[31,67881,370],{"class":259},[31,67883,99],{"class":41},[31,67885,379],{"class":259},[31,67887,23132],{"class":263},[31,67889,370],{"class":259},[31,67891,59],{"class":41},[14,67893,67894,67895,70],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[264,67896,56129,67897,11333],{"href":57377},[28,67898,53261],{},[14,67900,67901,67902,70],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[264,67903,53658],{"href":53657},[72,67905,5101],{"id":5100},[14,67907,15331,67908,70],{},[28,67909,54877],{},[613,67911,13189,67913],{"id":67912},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[28,67914,54877],{},[14,67916,26291],{},[21,67918,67920],{"className":23,"code":67919,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,67921,67922,67942,67964,67968,67978],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67923,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67925,85],{"class":37},[31,67927,89],{"class":88},[31,67929,4200],{"class":41},[31,67931,146],{"class":95},[31,67933,99],{"class":41},[31,67935,3571],{"class":95},[31,67937,99],{"class":41},[31,67939,3027],{"class":95},[31,67941,59],{"class":41},[31,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,67945,1522],{"class":37},[31,67947,89],{"class":88},[31,67949,1527],{"class":37},[31,67951,70],{"class":41},[31,67953,54560],{"class":140},[31,67955,137],{"class":41},[31,67957,146],{"class":95},[31,67959,99],{"class":41},[31,67961,10788],{"class":95},[31,67963,120],{"class":41},[31,67965,67966],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,67967,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,67969,67970,67972,67974,67976],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,67971,134],{"class":133},[31,67973,137],{"class":41},[31,67975,1550],{"class":140},[31,67977,120],{"class":41},[31,67979,67980,67982,67984,67986],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,67981,134],{"class":133},[31,67983,137],{"class":41},[31,67985,141],{"class":140},[31,67987,120],{"class":41},[14,67989,358],{},[21,67991,67993],{"className":23,"code":67992,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[28,67994,67995,67999],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,67996,67997],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,67998,12402],{"class":4432},[31,68000,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68002,42],{"class":41},[31,68004,146],{"class":95},[31,68006,99],{"class":41},[31,68008,10788],{"class":95},[31,68010,99],{"class":41},[31,68012,3571],{"class":95},[31,68014,99],{"class":41},[31,68016,3027],{"class":95},[31,68018,59],{"class":41},[14,68020,68021,54762,68023,70],{},[28,68022,54877],{},[28,68024,4357],{},[14,68026,17241],{},[21,68028,68030],{"className":23,"code":68029,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[28,68031,68032],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68033,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050,68052],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68035,56499],{"class":37},[31,68037,89],{"class":88},[31,68039,1527],{"class":37},[31,68041,70],{"class":41},[31,68043,54560],{"class":140},[31,68045,137],{"class":41},[31,68047,146],{"class":95},[31,68049,99],{"class":41},[31,68051,10788],{"class":95},[31,68053,120],{"class":41},[14,68055,68056],{},"Right:",[21,68058,68060],{"className":23,"code":68059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[28,68061,68062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68063,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68065,141],{"class":37},[31,68067,70],{"class":41},[31,68069,54560],{"class":140},[31,68071,137],{"class":41},[31,68073,146],{"class":95},[31,68075,99],{"class":41},[31,68077,10788],{"class":95},[31,68079,120],{"class":41},[613,68081,68083],{"id":68082},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,68085,68086],{},"The correct order is:",[21,68088,68089],{"className":23,"code":66942,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,68090,68091],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68092,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68094,8928],{"class":37},[31,68096,70],{"class":41},[31,68098,54560],{"class":140},[31,68100,137],{"class":41},[31,68102,36452],{"class":140},[31,68104,99],{"class":41},[31,68106,30109],{"class":140},[31,68108,120],{"class":41},[14,68110,68111],{},"Not:",[21,68113,68115],{"className":23,"code":68114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[28,68116,68117],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68118,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129,68131,68133],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68120,8928],{"class":37},[31,68122,70],{"class":41},[31,68124,54560],{"class":140},[31,68126,137],{"class":41},[31,68128,23910],{"class":140},[31,68130,99],{"class":41},[31,68132,36427],{"class":140},[31,68134,120],{"class":41},[14,68136,242],{},[21,68138,68139],{"className":23,"code":66984,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,68140,68141,68165,68187],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68142,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68144,252],{"class":37},[31,68146,89],{"class":88},[31,68148,4200],{"class":41},[31,68150,260],{"class":259},[31,68152,264],{"class":263},[31,68154,260],{"class":259},[31,68156,99],{"class":41},[31,68158,271],{"class":259},[31,68160,283],{"class":263},[31,68162,260],{"class":259},[31,68164,59],{"class":41},[31,68166,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68168,353],{"class":37},[31,68170,70],{"class":41},[31,68172,54560],{"class":140},[31,68174,137],{"class":41},[31,68176,146],{"class":95},[31,68178,99],{"class":41},[31,68180,271],{"class":259},[31,68182,274],{"class":263},[31,68184,260],{"class":259},[31,68186,120],{"class":41},[31,68188,68189,68191,68193,68195],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,68190,134],{"class":133},[31,68192,137],{"class":41},[31,68194,353],{"class":140},[31,68196,120],{"class":41},[14,68198,358],{},[21,68200,68201],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,68202,68203],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68206,42],{"class":41},[31,68208,370],{"class":259},[31,68210,264],{"class":263},[31,68212,370],{"class":259},[31,68214,99],{"class":41},[31,68216,379],{"class":259},[31,68218,274],{"class":263},[31,68220,370],{"class":259},[31,68222,99],{"class":41},[31,68224,379],{"class":259},[31,68226,283],{"class":263},[31,68228,370],{"class":259},[31,68230,59],{"class":41},[613,68232,9043,68234,68236],{"id":68233},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[28,68235,54877],{}," to replace an item",[14,68238,68239,68241],{},[28,68240,54877],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[21,68243,68245],{"className":23,"code":68244,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,68246,68247,68267,68285],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68248,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261,68263,68265],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68250,85],{"class":37},[31,68252,89],{"class":88},[31,68254,4200],{"class":41},[31,68256,146],{"class":95},[31,68258,99],{"class":41},[31,68260,3571],{"class":95},[31,68262,99],{"class":41},[31,68264,3027],{"class":95},[31,68266,59],{"class":41},[31,68268,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68270,141],{"class":37},[31,68272,70],{"class":41},[31,68274,54560],{"class":140},[31,68276,137],{"class":41},[31,68278,146],{"class":95},[31,68280,99],{"class":41},[31,68282,10788],{"class":95},[31,68284,120],{"class":41},[31,68286,68287,68289,68291,68293],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,68288,134],{"class":133},[31,68290,137],{"class":41},[31,68292,141],{"class":140},[31,68294,120],{"class":41},[14,68296,358],{},[21,68298,68300],{"className":23,"code":68299,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[28,68301,68302],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68303,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316,68318,68320],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68305,42],{"class":41},[31,68307,146],{"class":95},[31,68309,99],{"class":41},[31,68311,10788],{"class":95},[31,68313,99],{"class":41},[31,68315,3571],{"class":95},[31,68317,99],{"class":41},[31,68319,3027],{"class":95},[31,68321,59],{"class":41},[14,68323,68324],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[21,68326,68328],{"className":23,"code":68327,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,68329,68330,68350,68364],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68331,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68333,85],{"class":37},[31,68335,89],{"class":88},[31,68337,4200],{"class":41},[31,68339,146],{"class":95},[31,68341,99],{"class":41},[31,68343,3571],{"class":95},[31,68345,99],{"class":41},[31,68347,3027],{"class":95},[31,68349,59],{"class":41},[31,68351,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68353,141],{"class":37},[31,68355,42],{"class":41},[31,68357,146],{"class":95},[31,68359,13870],{"class":41},[31,68361,13873],{"class":88},[31,68363,14728],{"class":95},[31,68365,68366,68368,68370,68372],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,68367,134],{"class":133},[31,68369,137],{"class":41},[31,68371,141],{"class":140},[31,68373,120],{"class":41},[14,68375,358],{},[21,68377,68379],{"className":23,"code":68378,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[28,68380,68381],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68382,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68384,42],{"class":41},[31,68386,146],{"class":95},[31,68388,99],{"class":41},[31,68390,10788],{"class":95},[31,68392,99],{"class":41},[31,68394,3027],{"class":95},[31,68396,59],{"class":41},[613,68398,68400],{"id":68399},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,68402,68403,68405],{},[28,68404,54877],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,68407,68408],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[21,68410,68412],{"className":23,"code":68411,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,68413,68414,68430,68454],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68415,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68417,85],{"class":37},[31,68419,89],{"class":88},[31,68421,4200],{"class":41},[31,68423,146],{"class":95},[31,68425,99],{"class":41},[31,68427,3033],{"class":95},[31,68429,59],{"class":41},[31,68431,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450,68452],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68433,141],{"class":37},[31,68435,70],{"class":41},[31,68437,54560],{"class":140},[31,68439,137],{"class":41},[31,68441,146],{"class":95},[31,68443,99],{"class":41},[31,68445,4200],{"class":41},[31,68447,193],{"class":95},[31,68449,99],{"class":41},[31,68451,3027],{"class":95},[31,68453,566],{"class":41},[31,68455,68456,68458,68460,68462],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,68457,134],{"class":133},[31,68459,137],{"class":41},[31,68461,141],{"class":140},[31,68463,120],{"class":41},[14,68465,358],{},[21,68467,68469],{"className":23,"code":68468,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[28,68470,68471],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68472,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68474,42],{"class":41},[31,68476,146],{"class":95},[31,68478,99],{"class":41},[31,68480,4200],{"class":41},[31,68482,193],{"class":95},[31,68484,99],{"class":41},[31,68486,3027],{"class":95},[31,68488,18661],{"class":41},[31,68490,3033],{"class":95},[31,68492,59],{"class":41},[14,68494,68495,68496,70],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[264,68497,56129,68498,11333],{"href":53953},[28,68499,54055],{},[613,68501,68503],{"id":68502},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,68505,9466,68506,68508],{},[28,68507,54877],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[21,68510,68512],{"className":23,"code":68511,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[28,68513,68514,68524,68538,68556,68570],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68515,68516,68518,68520,68522],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68517,134],{"class":133},[31,68519,137],{"class":41},[31,68521,8928],{"class":140},[31,68523,120],{"class":41},[31,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68527,134],{"class":133},[31,68529,137],{"class":41},[31,68531,2408],{"class":133},[31,68533,137],{"class":41},[31,68535,8928],{"class":140},[31,68537,1569],{"class":41},[31,68539,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,68541,134],{"class":133},[31,68543,137],{"class":41},[31,68545,8928],{"class":140},[31,68547,70],{"class":41},[31,68549,54560],{"class":25350},[31,68551,70],{"class":41},[31,68553,35050],{"class":35057},[31,68555,120],{"class":41},[31,68557,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,68559,32756],{"class":133},[31,68561,137],{"class":41},[31,68563,8682],{"class":1561},[31,68565,70],{"class":41},[31,68567,54560],{"class":25350},[31,68569,120],{"class":41},[31,68571,68572,68574,68576,68578],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,68573,1562],{"class":1561},[31,68575,137],{"class":41},[31,68577,8928],{"class":140},[31,68579,120],{"class":41},[14,68581,68582],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[228,68584,68585,68588,68591,68594],{},[231,68586,68587],{},"What is currently in the list",[231,68589,68590],{},"How long the list is",[231,68592,68593],{},"That you are working with a real list",[231,68595,68596],{},"How Python describes the method",[72,68598,5544,68600],{"id":68599},"when-to-use-insert",[28,68601,54877],{},[14,68603,2668,68604,68606],{},[28,68605,54877],{}," when position matters.",[14,68608,37030],{},[228,68610,68611,68614,68617,68620],{},[231,68612,68613],{},"Ordered menus",[231,68615,68616],{},"Rankings or score lists",[231,68618,68619],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[231,68621,68622],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68624,68625,68626,68628,68629,68631,68632,68634],{},"You usually do ",[67,68627,5213],{}," need ",[28,68630,54877],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[28,68633,53261],{}," is simpler.",[14,68636,68637,68638,70],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[264,68639,57763],{"href":57762},[72,68641,2435],{"id":2434},[613,68643,13299,68645,56078],{"id":68644},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[28,68646,54520],{},[14,68648,68649,68650,70],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[28,68651,4357],{},[613,68653,68655],{"id":68654},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68657,68658],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[613,68660,5752,68662,68664],{"id":68661},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[28,68663,54520],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68666,68667,68668,68670],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[28,68669,54055],{}," or slicing.",[613,68672,5762,68674,4975,68676,2466],{"id":68673},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[28,68675,54877],{},[28,68677,53261],{},[14,68679,68680,68682,68683,68685],{},[28,68681,54877],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[28,68684,53261],{}," adds only at the end.",[72,68687,2475],{"id":2474},[228,68689,68690,68696,68702,68706,68710,68714],{},[231,68691,68692],{},[264,68693,56129,68694,11333],{"href":57377},[28,68695,53261],{},[231,68697,68698],{},[264,68699,56129,68700,11333],{"href":53953},[28,68701,54055],{},[231,68703,68704],{},[264,68705,54887],{"href":53657},[231,68707,68708],{},[264,68709,53380],{"href":51587},[231,68711,68712],{},[264,68713,57837],{"href":57762},[231,68715,68716],{},[264,68717,30950,68718,34238],{"href":54905},[28,68719,68720],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2499,68722,68723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":68725},[68726,68728,68729,68730,68736,68743,68752,68754,68763],{"id":66911,"depth":123,"text":68727},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6014,"depth":123,"text":6015},{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":67283,"depth":123,"text":67284,"children":68731},[68732,68733,68734,68735],{"id":67295,"depth":130,"text":67296},{"id":67386,"depth":130,"text":67387},{"id":67472,"depth":130,"text":67473},{"id":67558,"depth":130,"text":67559},{"id":67688,"depth":123,"text":68737,"children":68738},"insert() vs append()",[68739,68741],{"id":67698,"depth":130,"text":68740},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67711,"depth":130,"text":68742},"Use append() when:",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":68744},[68745,68747,68748,68750,68751],{"id":67912,"depth":130,"text":68746},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68082,"depth":130,"text":68083},{"id":68233,"depth":130,"text":68749},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68399,"depth":130,"text":68400},{"id":68502,"depth":130,"text":68503},{"id":68599,"depth":123,"text":68753},"When to use insert()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":68755},[68756,68758,68759,68761],{"id":68644,"depth":130,"text":68757},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68654,"depth":130,"text":68655},{"id":68661,"depth":130,"text":68760},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68673,"depth":130,"text":68762},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66821,"description":68764},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68771,"title":68772,"body":68773,"description":70328,"extension":2542,"meta":70329,"navigation":126,"path":59582,"seo":70330,"stem":70331,"__hash__":70332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68774,"toc":70301},[68775,68781,68790,68839,68841,68849,68855,68857,68875,68881,68886,68889,68892,68907,68909,68961,68963,68971,68979,68986,68988,68994,69059,69061,69069,69071,69090,69093,69144,69148,69153,69180,69182,69190,69193,69262,69264,69279,69285,69289,69298,69301,69356,69358,69366,69369,69371,69416,69418,69426,69432,69434,69442,69445,69447,69486,69488,69527,69532,69534,69536,69571,69574,69576,69614,69618,69624,69626,69677,69679,69687,69694,69697,69718,69721,69776,69787,69789,69850,69852,69861,69868,69874,69877,69880,69937,69940,69953,69960,69966,69972,69974,69987,69990,70087,70089,70106,70109,70191,70193,70215,70222,70228,70230,70234,70240,70246,70251,70255,70258,70264,70271,70273,70298],[10,68776,68778,68779,4238],{"id":68777},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[28,68780,2408],{},[14,68782,68783,68784,68786,68787,68789],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[28,68785,42967],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[28,68788,42967],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[21,68791,68793],{"className":23,"code":68792,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[28,68794,68795,68815,68829],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68796,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68798,85],{"class":37},[31,68800,89],{"class":88},[31,68802,4200],{"class":41},[31,68804,96],{"class":95},[31,68806,99],{"class":41},[31,68808,102],{"class":95},[31,68810,99],{"class":41},[31,68812,107],{"class":95},[31,68814,59],{"class":41},[31,68816,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68818,41847],{"class":37},[31,68820,89],{"class":88},[31,68822,38991],{"class":133},[31,68824,137],{"class":41},[31,68826,141],{"class":140},[31,68828,120],{"class":41},[31,68830,68831,68833,68835,68837],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,68832,134],{"class":133},[31,68834,137],{"class":41},[31,68836,41865],{"class":140},[31,68838,120],{"class":41},[14,68840,358],{},[21,68842,68843],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,68844,68845],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68846,68847],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68848,47225],{"class":95},[14,68850,2668,68851,68854],{},[28,68852,68853],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[72,68856,15761],{"id":15760},[228,68858,68859,68864,68869,68872],{},[231,68860,4780,68861,68863],{},[28,68862,42967],{}," works with Python lists",[231,68865,68866,68867,12299],{},"What value ",[28,68868,42967],{},[231,68870,68871],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[231,68873,68874],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[72,68876,4255,68878,68880],{"id":68877},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[28,68879,42967],{}," returns for a list",[14,68882,68883,65693],{},[28,68884,68885],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68887,68888],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68890,68891],{},"A few important points:",[228,68893,68894,68897,68902],{},[231,68895,68896],{},"It counts list items",[231,68898,41511,68899,68901],{},[67,68900,5213],{}," count characters inside a string item",[231,68903,68904,68905],{},"An empty list returns ",[28,68906,1243],{},[14,68908,242],{},[21,68910,68912],{"className":23,"code":68911,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[28,68913,68914,68947],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68915,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68917,4651],{"class":37},[31,68919,89],{"class":88},[31,68921,4200],{"class":41},[31,68923,260],{"class":259},[31,68925,37651],{"class":263},[31,68927,260],{"class":259},[31,68929,99],{"class":41},[31,68931,271],{"class":259},[31,68933,68934],{"class":263},"elephant",[31,68936,260],{"class":259},[31,68938,99],{"class":41},[31,68940,271],{"class":259},[31,68942,58736],{"class":263},[31,68944,260],{"class":259},[31,68946,59],{"class":41},[31,68948,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,68950,134],{"class":133},[31,68952,137],{"class":41},[31,68954,2408],{"class":133},[31,68956,137],{"class":41},[31,68958,4695],{"class":140},[31,68960,1569],{"class":41},[14,68962,358],{},[21,68964,68965],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,68966,68967],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,68968,68969],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,68970,47225],{"class":95},[14,68972,21576,68973,68976,68977,65700],{},[28,68974,68975],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[67,68978,53265],{},[14,68980,68981,68982,70],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[264,68983,4152,68984,4085],{"href":42964},[28,68985,42967],{},[72,68987,6372],{"id":6371},[14,68989,68990,68991,68993],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[28,68992,42967],{},", and print the result.",[21,68995,68997],{"className":23,"code":68996,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[28,68998,68999,69031,69045,69049],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69000,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69002,13672],{"class":37},[31,69004,89],{"class":88},[31,69006,4200],{"class":41},[31,69008,260],{"class":259},[31,69010,13689],{"class":263},[31,69012,260],{"class":259},[31,69014,99],{"class":41},[31,69016,271],{"class":259},[31,69018,18054],{"class":263},[31,69020,260],{"class":259},[31,69022,99],{"class":41},[31,69024,271],{"class":259},[31,69026,13706],{"class":263},[31,69028,260],{"class":259},[31,69030,59],{"class":41},[31,69032,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69034,41847],{"class":37},[31,69036,89],{"class":88},[31,69038,38991],{"class":133},[31,69040,137],{"class":41},[31,69042,18101],{"class":140},[31,69044,120],{"class":41},[31,69046,69047],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,69048,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,69050,69051,69053,69055,69057],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,69052,134],{"class":133},[31,69054,137],{"class":41},[31,69056,41865],{"class":140},[31,69058,120],{"class":41},[14,69060,358],{},[21,69062,69063],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,69064,69065],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69066,69067],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69068,47225],{"class":95},[14,69070,12277],{},[228,69072,69073,69078,69085],{},[231,69074,69075,69077],{},[28,69076,18101],{}," is a list with 3 items",[231,69079,69080,2972,69083],{},[28,69081,69082],{},"len(colors)",[28,69084,173],{},[231,69086,69087,69088],{},"That value is stored in ",[28,69089,41865],{},[14,69091,69092],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[21,69094,69096],{"className":23,"code":69095,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[28,69097,69098,69130],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69099,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69101,13672],{"class":37},[31,69103,89],{"class":88},[31,69105,4200],{"class":41},[31,69107,260],{"class":259},[31,69109,13689],{"class":263},[31,69111,260],{"class":259},[31,69113,99],{"class":41},[31,69115,271],{"class":259},[31,69117,18054],{"class":263},[31,69119,260],{"class":259},[31,69121,99],{"class":41},[31,69123,271],{"class":259},[31,69125,13706],{"class":263},[31,69127,260],{"class":259},[31,69129,59],{"class":41},[31,69131,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69133,134],{"class":133},[31,69135,137],{"class":41},[31,69137,2408],{"class":133},[31,69139,137],{"class":41},[31,69141,18101],{"class":140},[31,69143,1569],{"class":41},[72,69145,69147],{"id":69146},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,69149,69150,69151,70],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[28,69152,1243],{},[21,69154,69156],{"className":23,"code":69155,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[28,69157,69158,69166],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69159,69160,69162,69164],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69161,8368],{"class":37},[31,69163,89],{"class":88},[31,69165,8426],{"class":41},[31,69167,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69169,134],{"class":133},[31,69171,137],{"class":41},[31,69173,2408],{"class":133},[31,69175,137],{"class":41},[31,69177,8397],{"class":140},[31,69179,1569],{"class":41},[14,69181,358],{},[21,69183,69184],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,69185,69186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69187,69188],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69189,47860],{"class":95},[14,69191,69192],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[21,69194,69196],{"className":23,"code":69195,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[28,69197,69198,69206,69210,69228,69242,69248],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69199,69200,69202,69204],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69201,8368],{"class":37},[31,69203,89],{"class":88},[31,69205,8426],{"class":41},[31,69207,69208],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69209,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,69211,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,69213,7584],{"class":4457},[31,69215,38991],{"class":133},[31,69217,137],{"class":41},[31,69219,8397],{"class":140},[31,69221,4238],{"class":41},[31,69223,39001],{"class":88},[31,69225,4413],{"class":95},[31,69227,6978],{"class":41},[31,69229,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,69231,8657],{"class":133},[31,69233,137],{"class":41},[31,69235,8397],{"class":140},[31,69237,42],{"class":41},[31,69239,1243],{"class":95},[31,69241,566],{"class":41},[31,69243,69244,69246],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,69245,28035],{"class":4457},[31,69247,6978],{"class":41},[31,69249,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,69251,8657],{"class":133},[31,69253,137],{"class":41},[31,69255,260],{"class":259},[31,69257,52424],{"class":263},[31,69259,260],{"class":259},[31,69261,120],{"class":41},[14,69263,358],{},[21,69265,69267],{"className":23,"code":69266,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"The list is empty\n",[28,69268,69269],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69272,62],{"class":37},[31,69274,8682],{"class":1561},[31,69276,8685],{"class":88},[31,69278,8691],{"class":37},[14,69280,69281,69282,69284],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[264,69283,53380],{"href":51587}," is a good next step.",[72,69286,69288],{"id":69287},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,69290,69291,69293,69294,69297],{},[28,69292,42967],{}," counts only the ",[67,69295,69296],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,69299,69300],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[21,69302,69304],{"className":23,"code":69303,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[28,69305,69306,69342],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69307,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69309,9757],{"class":37},[31,69311,89],{"class":88},[31,69313,56903],{"class":41},[31,69315,146],{"class":95},[31,69317,99],{"class":41},[31,69319,3571],{"class":95},[31,69321,18661],{"class":41},[31,69323,4200],{"class":41},[31,69325,173],{"class":95},[31,69327,99],{"class":41},[31,69329,3033],{"class":95},[31,69331,18661],{"class":41},[31,69333,4200],{"class":41},[31,69335,559],{"class":95},[31,69337,99],{"class":41},[31,69339,38248],{"class":95},[31,69341,53851],{"class":41},[31,69343,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69345,134],{"class":133},[31,69347,137],{"class":41},[31,69349,2408],{"class":133},[31,69351,137],{"class":41},[31,69353,9796],{"class":140},[31,69355,1569],{"class":41},[14,69357,358],{},[21,69359,69360],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,69361,69362],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69363,69364],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69365,47225],{"class":95},[14,69367,69368],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,69370,52688],{},[21,69372,69374],{"className":23,"code":69373,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[28,69375,69376,69402],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69379,60082],{"class":37},[31,69381,89],{"class":88},[31,69383,4200],{"class":41},[31,69385,146],{"class":95},[31,69387,99],{"class":41},[31,69389,4200],{"class":41},[31,69391,193],{"class":95},[31,69393,99],{"class":41},[31,69395,3027],{"class":95},[31,69397,18661],{"class":41},[31,69399,3033],{"class":95},[31,69401,59],{"class":41},[31,69403,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412,69414],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69405,134],{"class":133},[31,69407,137],{"class":41},[31,69409,2408],{"class":133},[31,69411,137],{"class":41},[31,69413,60135],{"class":140},[31,69415,1569],{"class":41},[14,69417,358],{},[21,69419,69420],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,69421,69422],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69423,69424],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69425,47225],{"class":95},[14,69427,21576,69428,69431],{},[28,69429,69430],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[72,69433,5101],{"id":5100},[613,69435,9007,69437,11685,69440],{"id":69436},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[28,69438,69439],{},"my_list.len()",[28,69441,68885],{},[14,69443,69444],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,69446,17241],{},[21,69448,69450],{"className":23,"code":69449,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[28,69451,69452,69472],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69453,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69455,85],{"class":37},[31,69457,89],{"class":88},[31,69459,4200],{"class":41},[31,69461,96],{"class":95},[31,69463,99],{"class":41},[31,69465,102],{"class":95},[31,69467,99],{"class":41},[31,69469,107],{"class":95},[31,69471,59],{"class":41},[31,69473,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69475,134],{"class":133},[31,69477,137],{"class":41},[31,69479,141],{"class":140},[31,69481,70],{"class":41},[31,69483,2408],{"class":140},[31,69485,7781],{"class":41},[14,69487,17253],{},[21,69489,69491],{"className":23,"code":69490,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[28,69492,69493,69513],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69494,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69496,85],{"class":37},[31,69498,89],{"class":88},[31,69500,4200],{"class":41},[31,69502,96],{"class":95},[31,69504,99],{"class":41},[31,69506,102],{"class":95},[31,69508,99],{"class":41},[31,69510,107],{"class":95},[31,69512,59],{"class":41},[31,69514,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69516,134],{"class":133},[31,69518,137],{"class":41},[31,69520,2408],{"class":133},[31,69522,137],{"class":41},[31,69524,141],{"class":140},[31,69526,1569],{"class":41},[14,69528,69529,69531],{},[28,69530,42967],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[613,69533,26288],{"id":26287},[14,69535,17241],{},[21,69537,69539],{"className":23,"code":69538,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[28,69540,69541,69561],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69542,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69544,85],{"class":37},[31,69546,89],{"class":88},[31,69548,4200],{"class":41},[31,69550,96],{"class":95},[31,69552,99],{"class":41},[31,69554,102],{"class":95},[31,69556,99],{"class":41},[31,69558,107],{"class":95},[31,69560,59],{"class":41},[31,69562,69563,69565,69567,69569],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69564,134],{"class":133},[31,69566,137],{"class":41},[31,69568,2408],{"class":133},[31,69570,120],{"class":41},[14,69572,69573],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69575,17253],{},[21,69577,69578],{"className":23,"code":69490,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,69579,69580,69600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69581,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69583,85],{"class":37},[31,69585,89],{"class":88},[31,69587,4200],{"class":41},[31,69589,96],{"class":95},[31,69591,99],{"class":41},[31,69593,102],{"class":95},[31,69595,99],{"class":41},[31,69597,107],{"class":95},[31,69599,59],{"class":41},[31,69601,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69603,134],{"class":133},[31,69605,137],{"class":41},[31,69607,2408],{"class":133},[31,69609,137],{"class":41},[31,69611,141],{"class":140},[31,69613,1569],{"class":41},[613,69615,69617],{"id":69616},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69619,69620,69621,69623],{},"The length of a list is ",[67,69622,5213],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69625,242],{},[21,69627,69629],{"className":23,"code":69628,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[28,69630,69631,69663],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69632,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69634,252],{"class":37},[31,69636,89],{"class":88},[31,69638,4200],{"class":41},[31,69640,260],{"class":259},[31,69642,264],{"class":263},[31,69644,260],{"class":259},[31,69646,99],{"class":41},[31,69648,271],{"class":259},[31,69650,274],{"class":263},[31,69652,260],{"class":259},[31,69654,99],{"class":41},[31,69656,271],{"class":259},[31,69658,283],{"class":263},[31,69660,260],{"class":259},[31,69662,59],{"class":41},[31,69664,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69666,134],{"class":133},[31,69668,137],{"class":41},[31,69670,2408],{"class":133},[31,69672,137],{"class":41},[31,69674,353],{"class":140},[31,69676,1569],{"class":41},[14,69678,358],{},[21,69680,69681],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,69682,69683],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69684,69685],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69686,47225],{"class":95},[14,69688,69689,69690,19562,69692,70],{},"But the last index is ",[28,69691,193],{},[28,69693,173],{},[14,69695,69696],{},"Indexes are:",[228,69698,69699,69706,69712],{},[231,69700,69701,69703,69704],{},[28,69702,1243],{}," for ",[28,69705,18695],{},[231,69707,69708,69703,69710],{},[28,69709,146],{},[28,69711,66203],{},[231,69713,69714,69703,69716],{},[28,69715,193],{},[28,69717,67089],{},[14,69719,69720],{},"So this causes an error:",[21,69722,69724],{"className":23,"code":69723,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[28,69725,69726,69758],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69727,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69729,252],{"class":37},[31,69731,89],{"class":88},[31,69733,4200],{"class":41},[31,69735,260],{"class":259},[31,69737,264],{"class":263},[31,69739,260],{"class":259},[31,69741,99],{"class":41},[31,69743,271],{"class":259},[31,69745,274],{"class":263},[31,69747,260],{"class":259},[31,69749,99],{"class":41},[31,69751,271],{"class":259},[31,69753,283],{"class":263},[31,69755,260],{"class":259},[31,69757,59],{"class":41},[31,69759,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768,69770,69772,69774],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69761,134],{"class":133},[31,69763,137],{"class":41},[31,69765,353],{"class":140},[31,69767,42],{"class":41},[31,69769,2408],{"class":133},[31,69771,137],{"class":41},[31,69773,353],{"class":140},[31,69775,11271],{"class":41},[14,69777,9086,69778,5366,69781,69783,69784,69786],{},[28,69779,69780],{},"len(letters)",[28,69782,173],{},", and index ",[28,69785,173],{}," does not exist.",[14,69788,19439],{},[21,69790,69792],{"className":23,"code":69791,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[28,69793,69794,69826],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69795,69796,69798,69800,69802,69804,69806,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69797,252],{"class":37},[31,69799,89],{"class":88},[31,69801,4200],{"class":41},[31,69803,260],{"class":259},[31,69805,264],{"class":263},[31,69807,260],{"class":259},[31,69809,99],{"class":41},[31,69811,271],{"class":259},[31,69813,274],{"class":263},[31,69815,260],{"class":259},[31,69817,99],{"class":41},[31,69819,271],{"class":259},[31,69821,283],{"class":263},[31,69823,260],{"class":259},[31,69825,59],{"class":41},[31,69827,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69829,134],{"class":133},[31,69831,137],{"class":41},[31,69833,353],{"class":140},[31,69835,42],{"class":41},[31,69837,2408],{"class":133},[31,69839,137],{"class":41},[31,69841,353],{"class":140},[31,69843,4238],{"class":41},[31,69845,2799],{"class":88},[31,69847,6082],{"class":95},[31,69849,566],{"class":41},[14,69851,358],{},[21,69853,69855],{"className":23,"code":69854,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"c\n",[28,69856,69857],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69858,69859],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69860,69854],{"class":37},[14,69862,69863,69864,70],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[264,69865,69867],{"href":69866},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[613,69869,9007,69871,69873],{"id":69870},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[28,69872,42967],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69875,69876],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69878,69879],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[21,69881,69883],{"className":23,"code":69882,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[28,69884,69885,69895,69909,69923],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69886,69887,69889,69891,69893],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69888,134],{"class":133},[31,69890,137],{"class":41},[31,69892,8928],{"class":140},[31,69894,120],{"class":41},[31,69896,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,69898,134],{"class":133},[31,69900,137],{"class":41},[31,69902,2408],{"class":133},[31,69904,137],{"class":41},[31,69906,8928],{"class":140},[31,69908,1569],{"class":41},[31,69910,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,69912,134],{"class":133},[31,69914,137],{"class":41},[31,69916,1562],{"class":1561},[31,69918,137],{"class":41},[31,69920,8928],{"class":140},[31,69922,1569],{"class":41},[31,69924,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,69926,134],{"class":133},[31,69928,137],{"class":41},[31,69930,8928],{"class":140},[31,69932,42],{"class":41},[31,69934,1243],{"class":95},[31,69936,566],{"class":41},[14,69938,69939],{},"These help you verify:",[228,69941,69942,69945,69947,69950],{},[231,69943,69944],{},"what the variable contains",[231,69946,61392],{},[231,69948,69949],{},"whether it is really a list",[231,69951,69952],{},"what the first item is",[14,69954,69955,69956,69959],{},"Be careful with ",[28,69957,69958],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[72,69961,5544,69963,69965],{"id":69962},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[28,69964,42967],{}," with lists",[14,69967,69968,69969,69971],{},"You will often use ",[28,69970,42967],{}," in real programs.",[14,69973,9965],{},[228,69975,69976,69978,69981,69984],{},[231,69977,52378],{},[231,69979,69980],{},"Control loops",[231,69982,69983],{},"Validate input or results",[231,69985,69986],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69988,69989],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[21,69991,69993],{"className":23,"code":69992,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[28,69994,69995,70015,70031,70035,70049,70063],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,69996,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,69998,3130],{"class":37},[31,70000,89],{"class":88},[31,70002,4200],{"class":41},[31,70004,146],{"class":95},[31,70006,99],{"class":41},[31,70008,3571],{"class":95},[31,70010,99],{"class":41},[31,70012,3027],{"class":95},[31,70014,59],{"class":41},[31,70016,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70018,3158],{"class":37},[31,70020,89],{"class":88},[31,70022,4200],{"class":41},[31,70024,96],{"class":95},[31,70026,99],{"class":41},[31,70028,102],{"class":95},[31,70030,59],{"class":41},[31,70032,70033],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70034,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70036,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70038,134],{"class":133},[31,70040,137],{"class":41},[31,70042,2408],{"class":133},[31,70044,137],{"class":41},[31,70046,264],{"class":140},[31,70048,1569],{"class":41},[31,70050,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,70052,134],{"class":133},[31,70054,137],{"class":41},[31,70056,2408],{"class":133},[31,70058,137],{"class":41},[31,70060,274],{"class":140},[31,70062,1569],{"class":41},[31,70064,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,70066,134],{"class":133},[31,70068,137],{"class":41},[31,70070,2408],{"class":133},[31,70072,137],{"class":41},[31,70074,264],{"class":140},[31,70076,4238],{"class":41},[31,70078,39001],{"class":88},[31,70080,38991],{"class":133},[31,70082,137],{"class":41},[31,70084,274],{"class":140},[31,70086,1569],{"class":41},[14,70088,358],{},[21,70090,70092],{"className":23,"code":70091,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[28,70093,70094,70098,70102],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70095,70096],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70097,47225],{"class":95},[31,70099,70100],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70101,17654],{"class":95},[31,70103,70104],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70105,4560],{"class":4432},[14,70107,70108],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[21,70110,70112],{"className":23,"code":70111,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[28,70113,70114,70146,70150,70172],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70115,70116,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70117,5578],{"class":37},[31,70119,89],{"class":88},[31,70121,4200],{"class":41},[31,70123,260],{"class":259},[31,70125,13476],{"class":263},[31,70127,260],{"class":259},[31,70129,99],{"class":41},[31,70131,271],{"class":259},[31,70133,36547],{"class":263},[31,70135,260],{"class":259},[31,70137,99],{"class":41},[31,70139,271],{"class":259},[31,70141,36556],{"class":263},[31,70143,260],{"class":259},[31,70145,59],{"class":41},[31,70147,70148],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70149,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70151,70152,70154,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70153,6543],{"class":4457},[31,70155,70156],{"class":37}," i ",[31,70158,4464],{"class":4457},[31,70160,54679],{"class":133},[31,70162,137],{"class":41},[31,70164,2408],{"class":133},[31,70166,137],{"class":41},[31,70168,5622],{"class":140},[31,70170,70171],{"class":41},")):\n",[31,70173,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70185,70187,70189],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70175,8657],{"class":133},[31,70177,137],{"class":41},[31,70179,36758],{"class":140},[31,70181,99],{"class":41},[31,70183,70184],{"class":140}," names",[31,70186,42],{"class":41},[31,70188,36758],{"class":140},[31,70190,566],{"class":41},[14,70192,358],{},[21,70194,70195],{"className":23,"code":36605,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,70196,70197,70203,70209],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70198,70199,70201],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70200,1243],{"class":95},[31,70202,36614],{"class":37},[31,70204,70205,70207],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70206,146],{"class":95},[31,70208,36621],{"class":37},[31,70210,70211,70213],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70212,193],{"class":95},[31,70214,36628],{"class":37},[14,70216,70217,70218,70],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[264,70219,70221],{"href":70220},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,70223,70224,70225,70227],{},"You can also read ",[264,70226,52155],{"href":52154}," for a task-focused guide.",[72,70229,2435],{"id":2434},[613,70231,70233],{"id":70232},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,70235,2668,70236,70239],{},[28,70237,70238],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[613,70241,2453,70243,13311],{"id":70242},"what-does-len-return",[28,70244,70245],{},"len([])",[14,70247,5730,70248,70250],{},[28,70249,1243],{}," because the list is empty.",[613,70252,70254],{"id":70253},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,70256,70257],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[613,70259,28930,70261,70263],{"id":70260},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[28,70262,69439],{}," in Python?",[14,70265,30873,70266,8811,70268,70270],{},[28,70267,68885],{},[28,70269,42967],{}," is a built-in function.",[72,70272,2475],{"id":2474},[228,70274,70275,70281,70285,70289,70293],{},[231,70276,70277],{},[264,70278,4152,70279,4085],{"href":42964},[28,70280,42967],{},[231,70282,70283],{},[264,70284,53199],{"href":52154},[231,70286,70287],{},[264,70288,53380],{"href":51587},[231,70290,70291],{},[264,70292,69867],{"href":69866},[231,70294,70295],{},[264,70296,70297],{"href":70220},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2499,70299,70300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":70302},[70303,70304,70306,70307,70308,70309,70317,70319,70327],{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":68877,"depth":123,"text":70305},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":69146,"depth":123,"text":69147},{"id":69287,"depth":123,"text":69288},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":70310},[70311,70313,70314,70315],{"id":69436,"depth":130,"text":70312},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26287,"depth":130,"text":26288},{"id":69616,"depth":130,"text":69617},{"id":69870,"depth":130,"text":70316},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69962,"depth":123,"text":70318},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":70320},[70321,70322,70324,70325],{"id":70232,"depth":130,"text":70233},{"id":70242,"depth":130,"text":70323},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70253,"depth":130,"text":70254},{"id":70260,"depth":130,"text":70326},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68772,"description":70328},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70334,"title":70335,"body":70336,"description":72315,"extension":2542,"meta":72316,"navigation":126,"path":72317,"seo":72318,"stem":72319,"__hash__":72320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70337,"toc":72288},[70338,70341,70346,70349,70357,70370,70372,70437,70439,70461,70466,70470,70475,70483,70485,70495,70497,70578,70580,70610,70612,70631,70636,70653,70655,70738,70740,70770,70775,70779,70785,70869,70871,70901,70904,70908,70911,71002,71004,71042,71045,71130,71132,71162,71168,71175,71179,71184,71193,71195,71280,71282,71311,71314,71322,71326,71330,71338,71361,71363,71385,71387,71401,71403,71463,71467,71472,71511,71513,71530,71532,71542,71641,71646,71650,71655,71698,71700,71728,71730,71744,71819,71821,71842,71846,71849,71854,71865,71870,71878,71881,71952,71954,71979,72036,72038,72059,72068,72076,72081,72083,72088,72109,72112,72187,72190,72204,72211,72213,72217,72223,72227,72237,72241,72248,72252,72258,72260,72285],[10,70339,70335],{"id":70340},"python-list-pop-method",[14,70342,70343,70345],{},[28,70344,55691],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,70347,70348],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[228,70350,70351,70354],{},[231,70352,70353],{},"delete an item from a list",[231,70355,70356],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,70358,70359,70360,70362,70363,9295,70365,70369],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[28,70361,13358],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[28,70364,13358],{},[264,70366,70367],{"href":55681},[28,70368,56138],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[72,70371,75],{"id":74},[21,70373,70375],{"className":23,"code":70374,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,70376,70377,70397,70412,70416,70427],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70378,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70380,85],{"class":37},[31,70382,89],{"class":88},[31,70384,4200],{"class":41},[31,70386,96],{"class":95},[31,70388,99],{"class":41},[31,70390,102],{"class":95},[31,70392,99],{"class":41},[31,70394,107],{"class":95},[31,70396,59],{"class":41},[31,70398,70399,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70400,70401],{"class":37},"last_item ",[31,70403,89],{"class":88},[31,70405,1527],{"class":37},[31,70407,70],{"class":41},[31,70409,26842],{"class":140},[31,70411,1772],{"class":41},[31,70413,70414],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70415,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70417,70418,70420,70422,70425],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70419,134],{"class":133},[31,70421,137],{"class":41},[31,70423,70424],{"class":140},"last_item",[31,70426,120],{"class":41},[31,70428,70429,70431,70433,70435],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,70430,134],{"class":133},[31,70432,137],{"class":41},[31,70434,141],{"class":140},[31,70436,120],{"class":41},[14,70438,358],{},[21,70440,70442],{"className":23,"code":70441,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[28,70443,70444,70449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70445,70446],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70447,70448],{"class":95},"30\n",[31,70450,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70452,42],{"class":41},[31,70454,96],{"class":95},[31,70456,99],{"class":41},[31,70458,102],{"class":95},[31,70460,59],{"class":41},[14,70462,2668,70463,70465],{},[28,70464,13358],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[72,70467,70469],{"id":70468},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,70471,70472,70474],{},[28,70473,13358],{}," has two main jobs:",[228,70476,70477,70480],{},[231,70478,70479],{},"It removes one item from a list",[231,70481,70482],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,70484,44257],{},[228,70486,70487,70490,70493],{},[231,70488,70489],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[231,70491,70492],{},"It changes the original list",[231,70494,53354],{},[14,70496,242],{},[21,70498,70500],{"className":23,"code":70499,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[28,70501,70502,70534,70538,70553,70557,70568],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70503,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70505,13672],{"class":37},[31,70507,89],{"class":88},[31,70509,4200],{"class":41},[31,70511,260],{"class":259},[31,70513,13689],{"class":263},[31,70515,260],{"class":259},[31,70517,99],{"class":41},[31,70519,271],{"class":259},[31,70521,18054],{"class":263},[31,70523,260],{"class":259},[31,70525,99],{"class":41},[31,70527,271],{"class":259},[31,70529,13706],{"class":263},[31,70531,260],{"class":259},[31,70533,59],{"class":41},[31,70535,70536],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70537,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70539,70540,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70541,70542],{"class":37},"removed ",[31,70544,89],{"class":88},[31,70546,13720],{"class":37},[31,70548,70],{"class":41},[31,70550,26842],{"class":140},[31,70552,1772],{"class":41},[31,70554,70555],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70556,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70558,70559,70561,70563,70566],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,70560,134],{"class":133},[31,70562,137],{"class":41},[31,70564,70565],{"class":140},"removed",[31,70567,120],{"class":41},[31,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,70571,134],{"class":133},[31,70573,137],{"class":41},[31,70575,18101],{"class":140},[31,70577,120],{"class":41},[14,70579,358],{},[21,70581,70583],{"className":23,"code":70582,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[28,70584,70585,70590],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70586,70587],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70588,70589],{"class":37},"blue\n",[31,70591,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70593,42],{"class":41},[31,70595,370],{"class":259},[31,70597,13689],{"class":263},[31,70599,370],{"class":259},[31,70601,99],{"class":41},[31,70603,379],{"class":259},[31,70605,18054],{"class":263},[31,70607,370],{"class":259},[31,70609,59],{"class":41},[72,70611,2733],{"id":2732},[21,70613,70615],{"className":23,"code":70614,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list.pop([index])\n",[28,70616,70617],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70620,8682],{"class":1561},[31,70622,70],{"class":41},[31,70624,26842],{"class":140},[31,70626,3564],{"class":41},[31,70628,36452],{"class":140},[31,70630,566],{"class":41},[14,70632,62,70633,70635],{},[28,70634,36452],{}," is optional.",[228,70637,70638,70644,70650],{},[231,70639,70640,70641,70643],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[28,70642,13358],{}," removes the last item",[231,70645,70646,70647,70649],{},"If you give an index, ",[28,70648,13358],{}," removes the item at that position",[231,70651,70652],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70654,242],{},[21,70656,70658],{"className":23,"code":70657,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[28,70659,70660,70692,70696,70714,70718,70728],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70661,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70663,252],{"class":37},[31,70665,89],{"class":88},[31,70667,4200],{"class":41},[31,70669,260],{"class":259},[31,70671,264],{"class":263},[31,70673,260],{"class":259},[31,70675,99],{"class":41},[31,70677,271],{"class":259},[31,70679,274],{"class":263},[31,70681,260],{"class":259},[31,70683,99],{"class":41},[31,70685,271],{"class":259},[31,70687,283],{"class":263},[31,70689,260],{"class":259},[31,70691,59],{"class":41},[31,70693,70694],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70695,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70697,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70699,29140],{"class":37},[31,70701,89],{"class":88},[31,70703,319],{"class":37},[31,70705,70],{"class":41},[31,70707,26842],{"class":140},[31,70709,137],{"class":41},[31,70711,146],{"class":95},[31,70713,120],{"class":41},[31,70715,70716],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70717,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70719,70720,70722,70724,70726],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,70721,134],{"class":133},[31,70723,137],{"class":41},[31,70725,23910],{"class":140},[31,70727,120],{"class":41},[31,70729,70730,70732,70734,70736],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,70731,134],{"class":133},[31,70733,137],{"class":41},[31,70735,353],{"class":140},[31,70737,120],{"class":41},[14,70739,358],{},[21,70741,70743],{"className":23,"code":70742,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[28,70744,70745,70750],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70746,70747],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70748,70749],{"class":37},"b\n",[31,70751,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70753,42],{"class":41},[31,70755,370],{"class":259},[31,70757,264],{"class":263},[31,70759,370],{"class":259},[31,70761,99],{"class":41},[31,70763,379],{"class":259},[31,70765,283],{"class":263},[31,70767,370],{"class":259},[31,70769,59],{"class":41},[14,70771,70772,70773,70],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[264,70774,53380],{"href":51587},[72,70776,70778],{"id":70777},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70780,70781,70782,70784],{},"When you call ",[28,70783,13358],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[21,70786,70788],{"className":23,"code":70787,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[28,70789,70790,70825,70829,70844,70848,70859],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70791,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800,70803,70805,70807,70809,70812,70814,70816,70818,70821,70823],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70793,30500],{"class":37},[31,70795,89],{"class":88},[31,70797,4200],{"class":41},[31,70799,260],{"class":259},[31,70801,70802],{"class":263},"write",[31,70804,260],{"class":259},[31,70806,99],{"class":41},[31,70808,271],{"class":259},[31,70810,70811],{"class":263},"test",[31,70813,260],{"class":259},[31,70815,99],{"class":41},[31,70817,271],{"class":259},[31,70819,70820],{"class":263},"submit",[31,70822,260],{"class":259},[31,70824,59],{"class":41},[31,70826,70827],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70828,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70830,70831,70834,70836,70838,70840,70842],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70832,70833],{"class":37},"last_task ",[31,70835,89],{"class":88},[31,70837,30578],{"class":37},[31,70839,70],{"class":41},[31,70841,26842],{"class":140},[31,70843,1772],{"class":41},[31,70845,70846],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70847,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70849,70850,70852,70854,70857],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,70851,134],{"class":133},[31,70853,137],{"class":41},[31,70855,70856],{"class":140},"last_task",[31,70858,120],{"class":41},[31,70860,70861,70863,70865,70867],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,70862,134],{"class":133},[31,70864,137],{"class":41},[31,70866,37110],{"class":140},[31,70868,120],{"class":41},[14,70870,358],{},[21,70872,70874],{"className":23,"code":70873,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[28,70875,70876,70881],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70877,70878],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70879,70880],{"class":37},"submit\n",[31,70882,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70884,42],{"class":41},[31,70886,370],{"class":259},[31,70888,70802],{"class":263},[31,70890,370],{"class":259},[31,70892,99],{"class":41},[31,70894,379],{"class":259},[31,70896,70811],{"class":263},[31,70898,370],{"class":259},[31,70900,59],{"class":41},[14,70902,70903],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[72,70905,70907],{"id":70906},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70909,70910],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[21,70912,70914],{"className":23,"code":70913,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[28,70915,70916,70956,70960,70978,70982,70992],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,70917,70918,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,70919,36843],{"class":37},[31,70921,89],{"class":88},[31,70923,4200],{"class":41},[31,70925,260],{"class":259},[31,70927,4660],{"class":263},[31,70929,260],{"class":259},[31,70931,99],{"class":41},[31,70933,271],{"class":259},[31,70935,4669],{"class":263},[31,70937,260],{"class":259},[31,70939,99],{"class":41},[31,70941,271],{"class":259},[31,70943,4678],{"class":263},[31,70945,260],{"class":259},[31,70947,99],{"class":41},[31,70949,271],{"class":259},[31,70951,33825],{"class":263},[31,70953,260],{"class":259},[31,70955,59],{"class":41},[31,70957,70958],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,70959,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70961,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,70963,70542],{"class":37},[31,70965,89],{"class":88},[31,70967,53460],{"class":37},[31,70969,70],{"class":41},[31,70971,26842],{"class":140},[31,70973,137],{"class":41},[31,70975,146],{"class":95},[31,70977,120],{"class":41},[31,70979,70980],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,70981,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,70983,70984,70986,70988,70990],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,70985,134],{"class":133},[31,70987,137],{"class":41},[31,70989,70565],{"class":140},[31,70991,120],{"class":41},[31,70993,70994,70996,70998,71000],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,70995,134],{"class":133},[31,70997,137],{"class":41},[31,70999,36895],{"class":140},[31,71001,120],{"class":41},[14,71003,358],{},[21,71005,71007],{"className":23,"code":71006,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[28,71008,71009,71014],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71010,71011],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71012,71013],{"class":37},"banana\n",[31,71015,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71017,42],{"class":41},[31,71019,370],{"class":259},[31,71021,4660],{"class":263},[31,71023,370],{"class":259},[31,71025,99],{"class":41},[31,71027,379],{"class":259},[31,71029,4678],{"class":263},[31,71031,370],{"class":259},[31,71033,99],{"class":41},[31,71035,379],{"class":259},[31,71037,33825],{"class":263},[31,71039,370],{"class":259},[31,71041,59],{"class":41},[14,71043,71044],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[21,71046,71048],{"className":23,"code":71047,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[28,71049,71050,71082,71086,71106,71110,71120],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71051,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71053,36843],{"class":37},[31,71055,89],{"class":88},[31,71057,4200],{"class":41},[31,71059,260],{"class":259},[31,71061,4660],{"class":263},[31,71063,260],{"class":259},[31,71065,99],{"class":41},[31,71067,271],{"class":259},[31,71069,4669],{"class":263},[31,71071,260],{"class":259},[31,71073,99],{"class":41},[31,71075,271],{"class":259},[31,71077,4678],{"class":263},[31,71079,260],{"class":259},[31,71081,59],{"class":41},[31,71083,71084],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71085,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71087,71088,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,71089,70542],{"class":37},[31,71091,89],{"class":88},[31,71093,53460],{"class":37},[31,71095,70],{"class":41},[31,71097,26842],{"class":140},[31,71099,137],{"class":41},[31,71101,212],{"class":88},[31,71103,146],{"class":95},[31,71105,120],{"class":41},[31,71107,71108],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,71109,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71111,71112,71114,71116,71118],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,71113,134],{"class":133},[31,71115,137],{"class":41},[31,71117,70565],{"class":140},[31,71119,120],{"class":41},[31,71121,71122,71124,71126,71128],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,71123,134],{"class":133},[31,71125,137],{"class":41},[31,71127,36895],{"class":140},[31,71129,120],{"class":41},[14,71131,358],{},[21,71133,71135],{"className":23,"code":71134,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[28,71136,71137,71142],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71138,71139],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71140,71141],{"class":37},"cherry\n",[31,71143,71144,71146,71148,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71145,42],{"class":41},[31,71147,370],{"class":259},[31,71149,4660],{"class":263},[31,71151,370],{"class":259},[31,71153,99],{"class":41},[31,71155,379],{"class":259},[31,71157,4669],{"class":263},[31,71159,370],{"class":259},[31,71161,59],{"class":41},[14,71163,71164,71165,71167],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[28,71166,66462],{}," means the last item.",[14,71169,71170,71171,70],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[264,71172,71173,11333],{"href":59574},[28,71174,65474],{},[72,71176,71178],{"id":71177},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,71180,71181,71183],{},[28,71182,13358],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,71185,71186,71187,4975,71189,70],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[28,71188,13358],{},[264,71190,71191],{"href":55681},[28,71192,56138],{},[14,71194,242],{},[21,71196,71198],{"className":23,"code":71197,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[28,71199,71200,71232,71236,71255,71259,71270],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71201,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71203,5578],{"class":37},[31,71205,89],{"class":88},[31,71207,4200],{"class":41},[31,71209,260],{"class":259},[31,71211,13476],{"class":263},[31,71213,260],{"class":259},[31,71215,99],{"class":41},[31,71217,271],{"class":259},[31,71219,36547],{"class":263},[31,71221,260],{"class":259},[31,71223,99],{"class":41},[31,71225,271],{"class":259},[31,71227,36556],{"class":263},[31,71229,260],{"class":259},[31,71231,59],{"class":41},[31,71233,71234],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71235,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71237,71238,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,71239,71240],{"class":37},"removed_name ",[31,71242,89],{"class":88},[31,71244,70184],{"class":37},[31,71246,70],{"class":41},[31,71248,26842],{"class":140},[31,71250,137],{"class":41},[31,71252,1243],{"class":95},[31,71254,120],{"class":41},[31,71256,71257],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,71258,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71260,71261,71263,71265,71268],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,71262,134],{"class":133},[31,71264,137],{"class":41},[31,71266,71267],{"class":140},"removed_name",[31,71269,120],{"class":41},[31,71271,71272,71274,71276,71278],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,71273,134],{"class":133},[31,71275,137],{"class":41},[31,71277,5622],{"class":140},[31,71279,120],{"class":41},[14,71281,358],{},[21,71283,71285],{"className":23,"code":71284,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[28,71286,71287,71291],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71288,71289],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71290,50648],{"class":37},[31,71292,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307,71309],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71294,42],{"class":41},[31,71296,370],{"class":259},[31,71298,36547],{"class":263},[31,71300,370],{"class":259},[31,71302,99],{"class":41},[31,71304,379],{"class":259},[31,71306,36556],{"class":263},[31,71308,370],{"class":259},[31,71310,59],{"class":41},[14,71312,71313],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,71315,71316,71317,71319,71320,70],{},"By comparison, ",[28,71318,56138],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[28,71321,4357],{},[72,71323,71325],{"id":71324},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[613,71327,71329],{"id":71328},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,71331,71332,71333,71335,71336,70],{},"If the list is empty, ",[28,71334,13358],{}," raises an ",[28,71337,1806],{},[21,71339,71341],{"className":23,"code":71340,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[28,71342,71343,71351],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71344,71345,71347,71349],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71346,8368],{"class":37},[31,71348,89],{"class":88},[31,71350,8426],{"class":41},[31,71352,71353,71355,71357,71359],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71354,8397],{"class":37},[31,71356,70],{"class":41},[31,71358,26842],{"class":140},[31,71360,1772],{"class":41},[14,71362,358],{},[21,71364,71366],{"className":23,"code":71365,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[28,71367,71368],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71369,71370,71372,71374,71377,71380,71383],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71371,1806],{"class":1561},[31,71373,48],{"class":41},[31,71375,71376],{"class":37}," pop ",[31,71378,71379],{"class":4457},"from",[31,71381,71382],{"class":37}," empty ",[31,71384,50494],{"class":1561},[14,71386,39867],{},[228,71388,71389,71394],{},[231,71390,71391,71392],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[28,71393,13358],{},[231,71395,71396,71397,4975,71399],{},"Or handle the error with ",[28,71398,30406],{},[28,71400,30437],{},[14,71402,242],{},[21,71404,71406],{"className":23,"code":71405,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[28,71407,71408,71416,71420,71428,71442,71448],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71409,71410,71412,71414],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71411,8368],{"class":37},[31,71413,89],{"class":88},[31,71415,8426],{"class":41},[31,71417,71418],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71419,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71421,71422,71424,71426],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,71423,7584],{"class":4457},[31,71425,620],{"class":37},[31,71427,6978],{"class":41},[31,71429,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438,71440],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,71431,8657],{"class":133},[31,71433,137],{"class":41},[31,71435,8397],{"class":140},[31,71437,70],{"class":41},[31,71439,26842],{"class":140},[31,71441,7781],{"class":41},[31,71443,71444,71446],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,71445,28035],{"class":4457},[31,71447,6978],{"class":41},[31,71449,71450,71452,71454,71456,71459,71461],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,71451,8657],{"class":133},[31,71453,137],{"class":41},[31,71455,260],{"class":259},[31,71457,71458],{"class":263},"The list is empty.",[31,71460,260],{"class":259},[31,71462,120],{"class":41},[613,71464,71466],{"id":71465},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,71468,71469,71470,70],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[28,71471,1806],{},[21,71473,71475],{"className":23,"code":71474,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[28,71476,71477,71497],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71480,85],{"class":37},[31,71482,89],{"class":88},[31,71484,4200],{"class":41},[31,71486,96],{"class":95},[31,71488,99],{"class":41},[31,71490,102],{"class":95},[31,71492,99],{"class":41},[31,71494,107],{"class":95},[31,71496,59],{"class":41},[31,71498,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71500,141],{"class":37},[31,71502,70],{"class":41},[31,71504,26842],{"class":140},[31,71506,137],{"class":41},[31,71508,559],{"class":95},[31,71510,120],{"class":41},[14,71512,358],{},[21,71514,71516],{"className":23,"code":71515,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[28,71517,71518],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71519,71520,71522,71524,71527],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71521,1806],{"class":1561},[31,71523,48],{"class":41},[31,71525,71526],{"class":37}," pop index out of ",[31,71528,71529],{"class":133},"range\n",[14,71531,39867],{},[228,71533,71534,71539],{},[231,71535,71536,71537],{},"Check the list length with ",[28,71538,42967],{},[231,71540,71541],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[21,71543,71545],{"className":23,"code":71544,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[28,71546,71547,71567,71576,71580,71602,71620,71626],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71548,71549,71551,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563,71565],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71550,85],{"class":37},[31,71552,89],{"class":88},[31,71554,4200],{"class":41},[31,71556,96],{"class":95},[31,71558,99],{"class":41},[31,71560,102],{"class":95},[31,71562,99],{"class":41},[31,71564,107],{"class":95},[31,71566,59],{"class":41},[31,71568,71569,71572,71574],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71570,71571],{"class":37},"index ",[31,71573,89],{"class":88},[31,71575,46197],{"class":95},[31,71577,71578],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,71579,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71581,71582,71584,71586,71589,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,71583,7584],{"class":4457},[31,71585,4413],{"class":95},[31,71587,71588],{"class":88}," \u003C=",[31,71590,71591],{"class":37}," index ",[31,71593,1593],{"class":88},[31,71595,38991],{"class":133},[31,71597,137],{"class":41},[31,71599,141],{"class":140},[31,71601,8931],{"class":41},[31,71603,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,71605,8657],{"class":133},[31,71607,137],{"class":41},[31,71609,141],{"class":140},[31,71611,70],{"class":41},[31,71613,26842],{"class":140},[31,71615,137],{"class":41},[31,71617,36452],{"class":140},[31,71619,1569],{"class":41},[31,71621,71622,71624],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,71623,28035],{"class":4457},[31,71625,6978],{"class":41},[31,71627,71628,71630,71632,71634,71637,71639],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,71629,8657],{"class":133},[31,71631,137],{"class":41},[31,71633,260],{"class":259},[31,71635,71636],{"class":263},"Index is out of range.",[31,71638,260],{"class":259},[31,71640,120],{"class":41},[14,71642,71643,71644,70],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[264,71645,69867],{"href":69866},[613,71647,71649],{"id":71648},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71651,71652,71654],{},[28,71653,13358],{}," expects an integer index.",[21,71656,71658],{"className":23,"code":71657,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[28,71659,71660,71680],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71661,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71663,85],{"class":37},[31,71665,89],{"class":88},[31,71667,4200],{"class":41},[31,71669,96],{"class":95},[31,71671,99],{"class":41},[31,71673,102],{"class":95},[31,71675,99],{"class":41},[31,71677,107],{"class":95},[31,71679,59],{"class":41},[31,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71683,141],{"class":37},[31,71685,70],{"class":41},[31,71687,26842],{"class":140},[31,71689,137],{"class":41},[31,71691,260],{"class":259},[31,71693,146],{"class":263},[31,71695,260],{"class":259},[31,71697,120],{"class":41},[14,71699,358],{},[21,71701,71703],{"className":23,"code":71702,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[28,71704,71705],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71706,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71722,71725],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71708,3583],{"class":1561},[31,71710,48],{"class":41},[31,71712,379],{"class":259},[31,71714,4019],{"class":263},[31,71716,370],{"class":259},[31,71718,25217],{"class":1561},[31,71720,71721],{"class":37}," cannot be interpreted ",[31,71723,71724],{"class":4457},"as",[31,71726,71727],{"class":37}," an integer\n",[14,71729,39867],{},[228,71731,71732,71741],{},[231,71733,71734,71735,2766,71737,2770,71739],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[28,71736,1243],{},[28,71738,146],{},[28,71740,66462],{},[231,71742,71743],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[21,71745,71747],{"className":23,"code":71746,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,71748,71749,71769,71787,71791,71809],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71750,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71752,85],{"class":37},[31,71754,89],{"class":88},[31,71756,4200],{"class":41},[31,71758,96],{"class":95},[31,71760,99],{"class":41},[31,71762,102],{"class":95},[31,71764,99],{"class":41},[31,71766,107],{"class":95},[31,71768,59],{"class":41},[31,71770,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71772,71571],{"class":37},[31,71774,89],{"class":88},[31,71776,45884],{"class":1561},[31,71778,137],{"class":41},[31,71780,260],{"class":259},[31,71782,146],{"class":263},[31,71784,260],{"class":259},[31,71786,120],{"class":41},[31,71788,71789],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,71790,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71792,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,71794,134],{"class":133},[31,71796,137],{"class":41},[31,71798,141],{"class":140},[31,71800,70],{"class":41},[31,71802,26842],{"class":140},[31,71804,137],{"class":41},[31,71806,36452],{"class":140},[31,71808,1569],{"class":41},[31,71810,71811,71813,71815,71817],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,71812,134],{"class":133},[31,71814,137],{"class":41},[31,71816,141],{"class":140},[31,71818,120],{"class":41},[14,71820,358],{},[21,71822,71824],{"className":23,"code":71823,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[28,71825,71826,71830],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71827,71828],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71829,1911],{"class":95},[31,71831,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71833,42],{"class":41},[31,71835,96],{"class":95},[31,71837,99],{"class":41},[31,71839,107],{"class":95},[31,71841,59],{"class":41},[72,71843,71845],{"id":71844},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71847,71848],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[613,71850,2668,71852,11193],{"id":71851},"use-pop-when",[28,71853,13358],{},[228,71855,71856,71859,71862],{},[231,71857,71858],{},"you want to remove by index",[231,71860,71861],{},"you want the removed item returned",[231,71863,71864],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[613,71866,2668,71868,11193],{"id":71867},"use-remove-when",[28,71869,56138],{},[228,71871,71872,71875],{},[231,71873,71874],{},"you want to remove by value",[231,71876,71877],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71879,71880],{},"Compare these examples:",[21,71882,71884],{"className":23,"code":71883,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,71885,71886,71910,71914,71932,71942],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71887,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71889,85],{"class":37},[31,71891,89],{"class":88},[31,71893,4200],{"class":41},[31,71895,96],{"class":95},[31,71897,99],{"class":41},[31,71899,102],{"class":95},[31,71901,99],{"class":41},[31,71903,107],{"class":95},[31,71905,99],{"class":41},[31,71907,102],{"class":95},[31,71909,59],{"class":41},[31,71911,71912],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71913,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,71915,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,71917,70542],{"class":37},[31,71919,89],{"class":88},[31,71921,1527],{"class":37},[31,71923,70],{"class":41},[31,71925,26842],{"class":140},[31,71927,137],{"class":41},[31,71929,146],{"class":95},[31,71931,120],{"class":41},[31,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,71935,134],{"class":133},[31,71937,137],{"class":41},[31,71939,70565],{"class":140},[31,71941,120],{"class":41},[31,71943,71944,71946,71948,71950],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,71945,134],{"class":133},[31,71947,137],{"class":41},[31,71949,141],{"class":140},[31,71951,120],{"class":41},[14,71953,358],{},[21,71955,71957],{"className":23,"code":71956,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[28,71958,71959,71963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71960,71961],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71962,1911],{"class":95},[31,71964,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,71966,42],{"class":41},[31,71968,96],{"class":95},[31,71970,99],{"class":41},[31,71972,107],{"class":95},[31,71974,99],{"class":41},[31,71976,102],{"class":95},[31,71978,59],{"class":41},[21,71980,71982],{"className":23,"code":71981,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,71983,71984,72008,72012,72026],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,71985,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,71987,85],{"class":37},[31,71989,89],{"class":88},[31,71991,4200],{"class":41},[31,71993,96],{"class":95},[31,71995,99],{"class":41},[31,71997,102],{"class":95},[31,71999,99],{"class":41},[31,72001,107],{"class":95},[31,72003,99],{"class":41},[31,72005,102],{"class":95},[31,72007,59],{"class":41},[31,72009,72010],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72011,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,72013,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72015,141],{"class":37},[31,72017,70],{"class":41},[31,72019,35399],{"class":140},[31,72021,137],{"class":41},[31,72023,580],{"class":95},[31,72025,120],{"class":41},[31,72027,72028,72030,72032,72034],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,72029,134],{"class":133},[31,72031,137],{"class":41},[31,72033,141],{"class":140},[31,72035,120],{"class":41},[14,72037,358],{},[21,72039,72041],{"className":23,"code":72040,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[28,72042,72043],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72044,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72046,42],{"class":41},[31,72048,96],{"class":95},[31,72050,99],{"class":41},[31,72052,107],{"class":95},[31,72054,99],{"class":41},[31,72056,102],{"class":95},[31,72058,59],{"class":41},[14,72060,72061,72062,72065,72066,70],{},"In the first example, ",[28,72063,72064],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[28,72067,146],{},[14,72069,57214,72070,72073,72074,70],{},[28,72071,72072],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[28,72075,580],{},[14,72077,72078,72079,70],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[264,72080,55677],{"href":55676},[72,72082,3407],{"id":3406},[14,72084,72085,72086,48],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[28,72087,13358],{},[228,72089,72090,72093,72096,72102,72106],{},[231,72091,72092],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[231,72094,72095],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[231,72097,37808,72098,9295,72100],{},[28,72099,13358],{},[28,72101,56138],{},[231,72103,9043,72104,62580],{},[28,72105,13358],{},[231,72107,72108],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,72110,72111],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[21,72113,72115],{"className":23,"code":72114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[28,72116,72117,72127,72141,72155,72173],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72118,72119,72121,72123,72125],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72120,134],{"class":133},[31,72122,137],{"class":41},[31,72124,8928],{"class":140},[31,72126,120],{"class":41},[31,72128,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72130,134],{"class":133},[31,72132,137],{"class":41},[31,72134,2408],{"class":133},[31,72136,137],{"class":41},[31,72138,8928],{"class":140},[31,72140,1569],{"class":41},[31,72142,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72144,134],{"class":133},[31,72146,137],{"class":41},[31,72148,8928],{"class":140},[31,72150,70],{"class":41},[31,72152,26842],{"class":140},[31,72154,7781],{"class":41},[31,72156,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,72158,134],{"class":133},[31,72160,137],{"class":41},[31,72162,8928],{"class":140},[31,72164,70],{"class":41},[31,72166,26842],{"class":140},[31,72168,137],{"class":41},[31,72170,1243],{"class":95},[31,72172,1569],{"class":41},[31,72174,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,72176,134],{"class":133},[31,72178,137],{"class":41},[31,72180,1562],{"class":1561},[31,72182,137],{"class":41},[31,72184,36452],{"class":140},[31,72186,1569],{"class":41},[14,72188,72189],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[228,72191,72192,72198],{},[231,72193,72194,72197],{},[28,72195,72196],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[231,72199,72200,72203],{},[28,72201,72202],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,72205,72206,72207,72210],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[28,72208,72209],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[72,72212,2435],{"id":2434},[613,72214,72216],{"id":72215},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,72218,72219,72220,72222],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[28,72221,13358],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[613,72224,72226],{"id":72225},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,72228,72229,72231,72232,72234,72235,70],{},[28,72230,13358],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[28,72233,56138],{}," removes by value and returns ",[28,72236,4357],{},[613,72238,72240],{"id":72239},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,72242,72243,72244,72247],{},"Yes. For example, ",[28,72245,72246],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[613,72249,72251],{"id":72250},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,72253,72254,72255,72257],{},"Python raises ",[28,72256,1806],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[72,72259,2475],{"id":2474},[228,72261,72262,72266,72271,72276,72281],{},[231,72263,72264],{},[264,72265,56124],{"href":55676},[231,72267,72268],{},[264,72269,72270],{"href":55681},"Python list remove() method",[231,72272,72273],{},[264,72274,72275],{"href":59574},"Python list index() method",[231,72277,72278],{},[264,72279,72280],{"href":51587},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[231,72282,72283],{},[264,72284,69867],{"href":69866},[2499,72286,72287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":72289},[72290,72291,72292,72293,72294,72295,72296,72301,72307,72308,72314],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":70468,"depth":123,"text":70469},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":70777,"depth":123,"text":70778},{"id":70906,"depth":123,"text":70907},{"id":71177,"depth":123,"text":71178},{"id":71324,"depth":123,"text":71325,"children":72297},[72298,72299,72300],{"id":71328,"depth":130,"text":71329},{"id":71465,"depth":130,"text":71466},{"id":71648,"depth":130,"text":71649},{"id":71844,"depth":123,"text":71845,"children":72302},[72303,72305],{"id":71851,"depth":130,"text":72304},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71867,"depth":130,"text":72306},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":72309},[72310,72311,72312,72313],{"id":72215,"depth":130,"text":72216},{"id":72225,"depth":130,"text":72226},{"id":72239,"depth":130,"text":72240},{"id":72250,"depth":130,"text":72251},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70335,"description":72315},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72322,"title":72323,"body":72324,"description":74110,"extension":2542,"meta":74111,"navigation":126,"path":74112,"seo":74113,"stem":74114,"__hash__":74115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72325,"toc":74092},[72326,72329,72334,72340,72342,72412,72418,72422,72427,72448,72451,72518,72520,72541,72549,72551,72570,72586,72588,72653,72655,72680,72682,72684,72749,72751,72776,72778,72792,72795,72848,72850,72871,72875,72883,72956,72958,72991,72997,73003,73094,73096,73121,73127,73216,73218,73242,73244,73248,73303,73305,73337,73340,73343,73437,73439,73472,73478,73484,73488,73495,73521,73525,73590,73592,73617,73621,73702,73704,73733,73738,73743,73749,73753,73760,73782,73786,73845,73847,73871,73880,73885,73887,73891,73920,73922,73997,74000,74014,74020,74022,74026,74029,74033,74038,74042,74051,74055,74063,74065,74089],[10,72327,72323],{"id":72328},"python-list-remove-method",[14,72330,62,72331,72333],{},[28,72332,55684],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,72335,72336,72337,72339],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[67,72338,3049],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[72,72341,75],{"id":74},[21,72343,72345],{"className":23,"code":72344,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[28,72346,72347,72379,72397,72407],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72348,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72350,8368],{"class":37},[31,72352,89],{"class":88},[31,72354,4200],{"class":41},[31,72356,260],{"class":259},[31,72358,4660],{"class":263},[31,72360,260],{"class":259},[31,72362,99],{"class":41},[31,72364,271],{"class":259},[31,72366,4669],{"class":263},[31,72368,260],{"class":259},[31,72370,99],{"class":41},[31,72372,271],{"class":259},[31,72374,33825],{"class":263},[31,72376,260],{"class":259},[31,72378,59],{"class":41},[31,72380,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72382,8397],{"class":37},[31,72384,70],{"class":41},[31,72386,35399],{"class":140},[31,72388,137],{"class":41},[31,72390,260],{"class":259},[31,72392,4669],{"class":263},[31,72394,260],{"class":259},[31,72396,120],{"class":41},[31,72398,72399,72401,72403,72405],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72400,134],{"class":133},[31,72402,137],{"class":41},[31,72404,8397],{"class":140},[31,72406,120],{"class":41},[31,72408,72409],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,72410,72411],{"class":157},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,72413,2668,72414,72417],{},[28,72415,72416],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[72,72419,72421],{"id":72420},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,72423,72424,72426],{},[28,72425,56138],{}," is a list method that:",[228,72428,72429,72435,72440,72445],{},[231,72430,72431,72432,72434],{},"Deletes the ",[67,72433,30511],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[231,72436,72437,72438],{},"Changes the original list ",[67,72439,11926],{},[231,72441,13299,72442,72444],{},[67,72443,5213],{}," return a new list",[231,72446,72447],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,72449,72450],{},"This is important for beginners:",[21,72452,72454],{"className":23,"code":72453,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[28,72455,72456,72476,72494,72498,72508],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72457,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72459,85],{"class":37},[31,72461,89],{"class":88},[31,72463,4200],{"class":41},[31,72465,146],{"class":95},[31,72467,99],{"class":41},[31,72469,3571],{"class":95},[31,72471,99],{"class":41},[31,72473,3027],{"class":95},[31,72475,59],{"class":41},[31,72477,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72479,1522],{"class":37},[31,72481,89],{"class":88},[31,72483,1527],{"class":37},[31,72485,70],{"class":41},[31,72487,35399],{"class":140},[31,72489,137],{"class":41},[31,72491,193],{"class":95},[31,72493,120],{"class":41},[31,72495,72496],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72497,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,72499,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,72501,134],{"class":133},[31,72503,137],{"class":41},[31,72505,141],{"class":140},[31,72507,120],{"class":41},[31,72509,72510,72512,72514,72516],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,72511,134],{"class":133},[31,72513,137],{"class":41},[31,72515,1550],{"class":140},[31,72517,120],{"class":41},[14,72519,358],{},[21,72521,72523],{"className":23,"code":72522,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[28,72524,72525,72537],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72528,42],{"class":41},[31,72530,146],{"class":95},[31,72532,99],{"class":41},[31,72534,3027],{"class":95},[31,72536,59],{"class":41},[31,72538,72539],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72540,12402],{"class":4432},[14,72542,72543,72544,72546,72547,70],{},"The list changed, but ",[28,72545,56138],{}," itself returned ",[28,72548,4357],{},[72,72550,6015],{"id":6014},[21,72552,72554],{"className":23,"code":72553,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list.remove(value)\n",[28,72555,72556],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72557,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72559,8682],{"class":1561},[31,72561,70],{"class":41},[31,72563,35399],{"class":140},[31,72565,137],{"class":41},[31,72567,3049],{"class":140},[31,72569,120],{"class":41},[228,72571,72572,72577,72580],{},[231,72573,72574,72576],{},[28,72575,3049],{}," is the item you want to delete",[231,72578,72579],{},"Python searches from left to right",[231,72581,72582,72583,72585],{},"Only the ",[67,72584,30511],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72587,242],{},[21,72589,72591],{"className":23,"code":72590,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,72592,72593,72625,72643],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72594,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72596,252],{"class":37},[31,72598,89],{"class":88},[31,72600,4200],{"class":41},[31,72602,260],{"class":259},[31,72604,264],{"class":263},[31,72606,260],{"class":259},[31,72608,99],{"class":41},[31,72610,271],{"class":259},[31,72612,274],{"class":263},[31,72614,260],{"class":259},[31,72616,99],{"class":41},[31,72618,271],{"class":259},[31,72620,283],{"class":263},[31,72622,260],{"class":259},[31,72624,59],{"class":41},[31,72626,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72628,353],{"class":37},[31,72630,70],{"class":41},[31,72632,35399],{"class":140},[31,72634,137],{"class":41},[31,72636,260],{"class":259},[31,72638,274],{"class":263},[31,72640,260],{"class":259},[31,72642,120],{"class":41},[31,72644,72645,72647,72649,72651],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72646,134],{"class":133},[31,72648,137],{"class":41},[31,72650,353],{"class":140},[31,72652,120],{"class":41},[14,72654,358],{},[21,72656,72658],{"className":23,"code":72657,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['a', 'c']\n",[28,72659,72660],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72661,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72663,42],{"class":41},[31,72665,370],{"class":259},[31,72667,264],{"class":263},[31,72669,370],{"class":259},[31,72671,99],{"class":41},[31,72673,379],{"class":259},[31,72675,283],{"class":263},[31,72677,370],{"class":259},[31,72679,59],{"class":41},[72,72681,6372],{"id":6371},[14,72683,65782],{},[21,72685,72687],{"className":23,"code":72686,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[28,72688,72689,72721,72739],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72690,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72692,13672],{"class":37},[31,72694,89],{"class":88},[31,72696,4200],{"class":41},[31,72698,260],{"class":259},[31,72700,13689],{"class":263},[31,72702,260],{"class":259},[31,72704,99],{"class":41},[31,72706,271],{"class":259},[31,72708,13706],{"class":263},[31,72710,260],{"class":259},[31,72712,99],{"class":41},[31,72714,271],{"class":259},[31,72716,18054],{"class":263},[31,72718,260],{"class":259},[31,72720,59],{"class":41},[31,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72724,18101],{"class":37},[31,72726,70],{"class":41},[31,72728,35399],{"class":140},[31,72730,137],{"class":41},[31,72732,260],{"class":259},[31,72734,13706],{"class":263},[31,72736,260],{"class":259},[31,72738,120],{"class":41},[31,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72742,134],{"class":133},[31,72744,137],{"class":41},[31,72746,18101],{"class":140},[31,72748,120],{"class":41},[14,72750,358],{},[21,72752,72754],{"className":23,"code":72753,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['red', 'green']\n",[28,72755,72756],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72757,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72759,42],{"class":41},[31,72761,370],{"class":259},[31,72763,13689],{"class":263},[31,72765,370],{"class":259},[31,72767,99],{"class":41},[31,72769,379],{"class":259},[31,72771,18054],{"class":263},[31,72773,370],{"class":259},[31,72775,59],{"class":41},[14,72777,12277],{},[228,72779,72780,72783,72789],{},[231,72781,72782],{},"A list is created with three values",[231,72784,72785,72788],{},[28,72786,72787],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[231,72790,72791],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72793,72794],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[21,72796,72798],{"className":23,"code":72797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[28,72799,72800,72824,72838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72801,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72803,5647],{"class":37},[31,72805,89],{"class":88},[31,72807,4200],{"class":41},[31,72809,96],{"class":95},[31,72811,99],{"class":41},[31,72813,102],{"class":95},[31,72815,99],{"class":41},[31,72817,107],{"class":95},[31,72819,99],{"class":41},[31,72821,112],{"class":95},[31,72823,59],{"class":41},[31,72825,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72827,16986],{"class":37},[31,72829,70],{"class":41},[31,72831,35399],{"class":140},[31,72833,137],{"class":41},[31,72835,764],{"class":95},[31,72837,120],{"class":41},[31,72839,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72841,134],{"class":133},[31,72843,137],{"class":41},[31,72845,16986],{"class":140},[31,72847,120],{"class":41},[14,72849,358],{},[21,72851,72853],{"className":23,"code":72852,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[28,72854,72855],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72856,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72858,42],{"class":41},[31,72860,96],{"class":95},[31,72862,99],{"class":41},[31,72864,102],{"class":95},[31,72866,99],{"class":41},[31,72868,112],{"class":95},[31,72870,59],{"class":41},[72,72872,72874],{"id":72873},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72876,65772,72877,72879,72880,72882],{},[28,72878,56138],{}," deletes only the ",[67,72881,30511],{}," one.",[21,72884,72886],{"className":23,"code":72885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[28,72887,72888,72928,72946],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72889,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72891,8368],{"class":37},[31,72893,89],{"class":88},[31,72895,4200],{"class":41},[31,72897,260],{"class":259},[31,72899,4660],{"class":263},[31,72901,260],{"class":259},[31,72903,99],{"class":41},[31,72905,271],{"class":259},[31,72907,4669],{"class":263},[31,72909,260],{"class":259},[31,72911,99],{"class":41},[31,72913,271],{"class":259},[31,72915,4660],{"class":263},[31,72917,260],{"class":259},[31,72919,99],{"class":41},[31,72921,271],{"class":259},[31,72923,33825],{"class":263},[31,72925,260],{"class":259},[31,72927,59],{"class":41},[31,72929,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,72931,8397],{"class":37},[31,72933,70],{"class":41},[31,72935,35399],{"class":140},[31,72937,137],{"class":41},[31,72939,260],{"class":259},[31,72941,4660],{"class":263},[31,72943,260],{"class":259},[31,72945,120],{"class":41},[31,72947,72948,72950,72952,72954],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,72949,134],{"class":133},[31,72951,137],{"class":41},[31,72953,8397],{"class":140},[31,72955,120],{"class":41},[14,72957,358],{},[21,72959,72961],{"className":23,"code":72960,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[28,72962,72963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,72966,42],{"class":41},[31,72968,370],{"class":259},[31,72970,4669],{"class":263},[31,72972,370],{"class":259},[31,72974,99],{"class":41},[31,72976,379],{"class":259},[31,72978,4660],{"class":263},[31,72980,370],{"class":259},[31,72982,99],{"class":41},[31,72984,379],{"class":259},[31,72986,33825],{"class":263},[31,72988,370],{"class":259},[31,72990,59],{"class":41},[14,72992,72993,72994,72996],{},"Only the first ",[28,72995,58442],{}," was removed.",[14,72998,72999,73000,73002],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[28,73001,56138],{}," again:",[21,73004,73006],{"className":23,"code":73005,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[28,73007,73008,73048,73066,73084],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73009,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73011,8368],{"class":37},[31,73013,89],{"class":88},[31,73015,4200],{"class":41},[31,73017,260],{"class":259},[31,73019,4660],{"class":263},[31,73021,260],{"class":259},[31,73023,99],{"class":41},[31,73025,271],{"class":259},[31,73027,4669],{"class":263},[31,73029,260],{"class":259},[31,73031,99],{"class":41},[31,73033,271],{"class":259},[31,73035,4660],{"class":263},[31,73037,260],{"class":259},[31,73039,99],{"class":41},[31,73041,271],{"class":259},[31,73043,33825],{"class":263},[31,73045,260],{"class":259},[31,73047,59],{"class":41},[31,73049,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73051,8397],{"class":37},[31,73053,70],{"class":41},[31,73055,35399],{"class":140},[31,73057,137],{"class":41},[31,73059,260],{"class":259},[31,73061,4660],{"class":263},[31,73063,260],{"class":259},[31,73065,120],{"class":41},[31,73067,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73069,8397],{"class":37},[31,73071,70],{"class":41},[31,73073,35399],{"class":140},[31,73075,137],{"class":41},[31,73077,260],{"class":259},[31,73079,4660],{"class":263},[31,73081,260],{"class":259},[31,73083,120],{"class":41},[31,73085,73086,73088,73090,73092],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,73087,134],{"class":133},[31,73089,137],{"class":41},[31,73091,8397],{"class":140},[31,73093,120],{"class":41},[14,73095,358],{},[21,73097,73099],{"className":23,"code":73098,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[28,73100,73101],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73102,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73104,42],{"class":41},[31,73106,370],{"class":259},[31,73108,4669],{"class":263},[31,73110,370],{"class":259},[31,73112,99],{"class":41},[31,73114,379],{"class":259},[31,73116,33825],{"class":263},[31,73118,370],{"class":259},[31,73120,59],{"class":41},[14,73122,73123,73124,73126],{},"If you need to remove ",[67,73125,4294],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[21,73128,73130],{"className":23,"code":73129,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[28,73131,73132,73172,73206],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73133,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73135,8368],{"class":37},[31,73137,89],{"class":88},[31,73139,4200],{"class":41},[31,73141,260],{"class":259},[31,73143,4660],{"class":263},[31,73145,260],{"class":259},[31,73147,99],{"class":41},[31,73149,271],{"class":259},[31,73151,4669],{"class":263},[31,73153,260],{"class":259},[31,73155,99],{"class":41},[31,73157,271],{"class":259},[31,73159,4660],{"class":263},[31,73161,260],{"class":259},[31,73163,99],{"class":41},[31,73165,271],{"class":259},[31,73167,33825],{"class":263},[31,73169,260],{"class":259},[31,73171,59],{"class":41},[31,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73191,73193,73195,73198,73200,73202,73204],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73175,8368],{"class":37},[31,73177,89],{"class":88},[31,73179,4200],{"class":41},[31,73181,29140],{"class":37},[31,73183,6543],{"class":4457},[31,73185,6546],{"class":37},[31,73187,4464],{"class":4457},[31,73189,73190],{"class":37}," items ",[31,73192,7584],{"class":4457},[31,73194,6546],{"class":37},[31,73196,73197],{"class":88},"!=",[31,73199,271],{"class":259},[31,73201,4660],{"class":263},[31,73203,260],{"class":259},[31,73205,59],{"class":41},[31,73207,73208,73210,73212,73214],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73209,134],{"class":133},[31,73211,137],{"class":41},[31,73213,8397],{"class":140},[31,73215,120],{"class":41},[14,73217,358],{},[21,73219,73220],{"className":23,"code":73098,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,73221,73222],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73223,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73225,42],{"class":41},[31,73227,370],{"class":259},[31,73229,4669],{"class":263},[31,73231,370],{"class":259},[31,73233,99],{"class":41},[31,73235,379],{"class":259},[31,73237,33825],{"class":263},[31,73239,370],{"class":259},[31,73241,59],{"class":41},[72,73243,66238],{"id":66237},[14,73245,66241,73246,70],{},[28,73247,41309],{},[21,73249,73251],{"className":23,"code":73250,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[28,73252,73253,73285],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73254,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73256,8368],{"class":37},[31,73258,89],{"class":88},[31,73260,4200],{"class":41},[31,73262,260],{"class":259},[31,73264,4660],{"class":263},[31,73266,260],{"class":259},[31,73268,99],{"class":41},[31,73270,271],{"class":259},[31,73272,4669],{"class":263},[31,73274,260],{"class":259},[31,73276,99],{"class":41},[31,73278,271],{"class":259},[31,73280,33825],{"class":263},[31,73282,260],{"class":259},[31,73284,59],{"class":41},[31,73286,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73288,8397],{"class":37},[31,73290,70],{"class":41},[31,73292,35399],{"class":140},[31,73294,137],{"class":41},[31,73296,260],{"class":259},[31,73298,23132],{"class":263},[31,73300,260],{"class":259},[31,73302,120],{"class":41},[14,73304,358],{},[21,73306,73308],{"className":23,"code":73307,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[28,73309,73310],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73311,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73313,41309],{"class":1561},[31,73315,48],{"class":41},[31,73317,23159],{"class":1561},[31,73319,70],{"class":41},[31,73321,35399],{"class":140},[31,73323,137],{"class":41},[31,73325,2750],{"class":140},[31,73327,17049],{"class":41},[31,73329,4461],{"class":37},[31,73331,5213],{"class":88},[31,73333,21772],{"class":88},[31,73335,73336],{"class":1561}," list\n",[14,73338,73339],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,73341,73342],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[21,73344,73346],{"className":23,"code":73345,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,73347,73348,73380,73392,73396,73408,73423,73427],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73349,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73351,8368],{"class":37},[31,73353,89],{"class":88},[31,73355,4200],{"class":41},[31,73357,260],{"class":259},[31,73359,4660],{"class":263},[31,73361,260],{"class":259},[31,73363,99],{"class":41},[31,73365,271],{"class":259},[31,73367,4669],{"class":263},[31,73369,260],{"class":259},[31,73371,99],{"class":41},[31,73373,271],{"class":259},[31,73375,33825],{"class":263},[31,73377,260],{"class":259},[31,73379,59],{"class":41},[31,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73383,3022],{"class":37},[31,73385,89],{"class":88},[31,73387,271],{"class":259},[31,73389,23132],{"class":263},[31,73391,3934],{"class":259},[31,73393,73394],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73395,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,73397,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,73399,7584],{"class":4457},[31,73401,22183],{"class":37},[31,73403,4464],{"class":88},[31,73405,620],{"class":37},[31,73407,6978],{"class":41},[31,73409,73410,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,73411,73412],{"class":37},"    items",[31,73414,70],{"class":41},[31,73416,35399],{"class":140},[31,73418,137],{"class":41},[31,73420,3049],{"class":140},[31,73422,120],{"class":41},[31,73424,73425],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,73426,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,73428,73429,73431,73433,73435],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,73430,134],{"class":133},[31,73432,137],{"class":41},[31,73434,8397],{"class":140},[31,73436,120],{"class":41},[14,73438,358],{},[21,73440,73442],{"className":23,"code":73441,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[28,73443,73444],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73445,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73447,42],{"class":41},[31,73449,370],{"class":259},[31,73451,4660],{"class":263},[31,73453,370],{"class":259},[31,73455,99],{"class":41},[31,73457,379],{"class":259},[31,73459,4669],{"class":263},[31,73461,370],{"class":259},[31,73463,99],{"class":41},[31,73465,379],{"class":259},[31,73467,33825],{"class":263},[31,73469,370],{"class":259},[31,73471,59],{"class":41},[14,73473,73474,73475,73477],{},"This avoids the error because ",[28,73476,56138],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,73479,73480,73481,70],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[264,73482,66447],{"href":73483},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[72,73485,73487],{"id":73486},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,73489,73490,4975,73492,73494],{},[28,73491,56138],{},[28,73493,13358],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[228,73496,73497,73504,73510,73516],{},[231,73498,73499,73501,73502],{},[28,73500,56138],{}," deletes by ",[67,73503,3049],{},[231,73505,73506,73501,73508],{},[28,73507,13358],{},[67,73509,36452],{},[231,73511,73512,2972,73514],{},[28,73513,56138],{},[28,73515,4357],{},[231,73517,73518,73520],{},[28,73519,13358],{}," returns the removed item",[14,73522,46648,73523,48],{},[28,73524,56138],{},[21,73526,73528],{"className":23,"code":73527,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[28,73529,73530,73562,73580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73531,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73533,8368],{"class":37},[31,73535,89],{"class":88},[31,73537,4200],{"class":41},[31,73539,260],{"class":259},[31,73541,4660],{"class":263},[31,73543,260],{"class":259},[31,73545,99],{"class":41},[31,73547,271],{"class":259},[31,73549,4669],{"class":263},[31,73551,260],{"class":259},[31,73553,99],{"class":41},[31,73555,271],{"class":259},[31,73557,33825],{"class":263},[31,73559,260],{"class":259},[31,73561,59],{"class":41},[31,73563,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73565,8397],{"class":37},[31,73567,70],{"class":41},[31,73569,35399],{"class":140},[31,73571,137],{"class":41},[31,73573,260],{"class":259},[31,73575,4669],{"class":263},[31,73577,260],{"class":259},[31,73579,120],{"class":41},[31,73581,73582,73584,73586,73588],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73583,134],{"class":133},[31,73585,137],{"class":41},[31,73587,8397],{"class":140},[31,73589,120],{"class":41},[14,73591,358],{},[21,73593,73595],{"className":23,"code":73594,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[28,73596,73597],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73598,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73600,42],{"class":41},[31,73602,370],{"class":259},[31,73604,4660],{"class":263},[31,73606,370],{"class":259},[31,73608,99],{"class":41},[31,73610,379],{"class":259},[31,73612,33825],{"class":263},[31,73614,370],{"class":259},[31,73616,59],{"class":41},[14,73618,46648,73619,48],{},[28,73620,13358],{},[21,73622,73624],{"className":23,"code":73623,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[28,73625,73626,73658,73677,73681,73691],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73627,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73629,8368],{"class":37},[31,73631,89],{"class":88},[31,73633,4200],{"class":41},[31,73635,260],{"class":259},[31,73637,4660],{"class":263},[31,73639,260],{"class":259},[31,73641,99],{"class":41},[31,73643,271],{"class":259},[31,73645,4669],{"class":263},[31,73647,260],{"class":259},[31,73649,99],{"class":41},[31,73651,271],{"class":259},[31,73653,33825],{"class":263},[31,73655,260],{"class":259},[31,73657,59],{"class":41},[31,73659,73660,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73661,73662],{"class":37},"removed_item ",[31,73664,89],{"class":88},[31,73666,620],{"class":37},[31,73668,70],{"class":41},[31,73670,26842],{"class":140},[31,73672,137],{"class":41},[31,73674,146],{"class":95},[31,73676,120],{"class":41},[31,73678,73679],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73680,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,73682,73683,73685,73687,73689],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,73684,134],{"class":133},[31,73686,137],{"class":41},[31,73688,8397],{"class":140},[31,73690,120],{"class":41},[31,73692,73693,73695,73697,73700],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,73694,134],{"class":133},[31,73696,137],{"class":41},[31,73698,73699],{"class":140},"removed_item",[31,73701,120],{"class":41},[14,73703,358],{},[21,73705,73707],{"className":23,"code":73706,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[28,73708,73709,73729],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73710,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73712,42],{"class":41},[31,73714,370],{"class":259},[31,73716,4660],{"class":263},[31,73718,370],{"class":259},[31,73720,99],{"class":41},[31,73722,379],{"class":259},[31,73724,33825],{"class":263},[31,73726,370],{"class":259},[31,73728,59],{"class":41},[31,73730,73731],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73732,71013],{"class":37},[14,73734,2668,73735,73737],{},[28,73736,56138],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73739,2668,73740,73742],{},[28,73741,13358],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73744,73745,73746,70],{},"For more detail, see the ",[264,73747,73748],{"href":55688},"Python list pop() method",[72,73750,73752],{"id":73751},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73754,73755,4975,73757,73759],{},[28,73756,56138],{},[28,73758,27626],{}," are also different.",[228,73761,73762,73767,73772,73777],{},[231,73763,73764,73766],{},[28,73765,56138],{}," deletes by matching value",[231,73768,73769,73771],{},[28,73770,27626],{}," deletes by index or slice",[231,73773,2668,73774,73776],{},[28,73775,27626],{}," when you know the position",[231,73778,2668,73779,73781],{},[28,73780,56138],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73783,46648,73784,48],{},[28,73785,27626],{},[21,73787,73789],{"className":23,"code":73788,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[28,73790,73791,73823,73835],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73792,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73794,8368],{"class":37},[31,73796,89],{"class":88},[31,73798,4200],{"class":41},[31,73800,260],{"class":259},[31,73802,4660],{"class":263},[31,73804,260],{"class":259},[31,73806,99],{"class":41},[31,73808,271],{"class":259},[31,73810,4669],{"class":263},[31,73812,260],{"class":259},[31,73814,99],{"class":41},[31,73816,271],{"class":259},[31,73818,33825],{"class":263},[31,73820,260],{"class":259},[31,73822,59],{"class":41},[31,73824,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73826,27626],{"class":4457},[31,73828,620],{"class":37},[31,73830,42],{"class":41},[31,73832,146],{"class":95},[31,73834,59],{"class":41},[31,73836,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73838,134],{"class":133},[31,73840,137],{"class":41},[31,73842,8397],{"class":140},[31,73844,120],{"class":41},[14,73846,358],{},[21,73848,73849],{"className":23,"code":73594,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,73850,73851],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73852,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73854,42],{"class":41},[31,73856,370],{"class":259},[31,73858,4660],{"class":263},[31,73860,370],{"class":259},[31,73862,99],{"class":41},[31,73864,379],{"class":259},[31,73866,33825],{"class":263},[31,73868,370],{"class":259},[31,73870,59],{"class":41},[14,73872,73873,73874,73876,73877,73879],{},"This removed the item at index ",[28,73875,146],{},", not the value ",[28,73878,65882],{}," directly.",[14,73881,73882,73883,70],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[264,73884,55677],{"href":55676},[72,73886,3407],{"id":3406},[14,73888,21810,73889,48],{},[28,73890,56138],{},[228,73892,73893,73896,73901,73908,73917],{},[231,73894,73895],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[231,73897,9043,73898,73900],{},[28,73899,56138],{}," to delete all matching values",[231,73902,13189,73903,73905,73906],{},[28,73904,56138],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[28,73907,4357],{},[231,73909,9007,73910,45237,73912,3456,73914,73916],{},[28,73911,56138],{},[28,73913,13358],{},[28,73915,27626],{}," would be a better fit",[231,73918,73919],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73921,72111],{},[21,73923,73925],{"className":23,"code":73924,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[28,73926,73927,73937,73951,73969,73983],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,73930,134],{"class":133},[31,73932,137],{"class":41},[31,73934,8928],{"class":140},[31,73936,120],{"class":41},[31,73938,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,73940,134],{"class":133},[31,73942,137],{"class":41},[31,73944,3022],{"class":140},[31,73946,4464],{"class":4457},[31,73948,8985],{"class":140},[31,73950,120],{"class":41},[31,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,73954,134],{"class":133},[31,73956,137],{"class":41},[31,73958,8928],{"class":140},[31,73960,70],{"class":41},[31,73962,41865],{"class":140},[31,73964,137],{"class":41},[31,73966,3049],{"class":140},[31,73968,1569],{"class":41},[31,73970,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,73972,134],{"class":133},[31,73974,137],{"class":41},[31,73976,1562],{"class":1561},[31,73978,137],{"class":41},[31,73980,8928],{"class":140},[31,73982,1569],{"class":41},[31,73984,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,73986,32756],{"class":133},[31,73988,137],{"class":41},[31,73990,8682],{"class":1561},[31,73992,70],{"class":41},[31,73994,35399],{"class":25350},[31,73996,120],{"class":41},[14,73998,73999],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[228,74001,74002,74005,74008,74011],{},[231,74003,74004],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[231,74006,74007],{},"How many times does it appear?",[231,74009,74010],{},"Am I working with a list?",[231,74012,74013],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,74015,74016,74017,74019],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[264,74018,72275],{"href":59574}," may also help.",[72,74021,2435],{"id":2434},[613,74023,74025],{"id":74024},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,74027,74028],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[613,74030,74032],{"id":74031},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,74034,5730,74035,74037],{},[28,74036,4357],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[613,74039,74041],{"id":74040},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,74043,74044,74045,74048,74049,70],{},"Check with ",[28,74046,74047],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[28,74050,56138],{},[613,74052,74054],{"id":74053},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,74056,2668,74057,74059,74060,74062],{},[28,74058,56138],{}," for a value and ",[28,74061,13358],{}," for an index.",[72,74064,2475],{"id":2474},[228,74066,74067,74071,74075,74079,74083],{},[231,74068,74069],{},[264,74070,56124],{"href":55676},[231,74072,74073],{},[264,74074,73748],{"href":55688},[231,74076,74077],{},[264,74078,72275],{"href":59574},[231,74080,74081],{},[264,74082,66447],{"href":73483},[231,74084,74085],{},[264,74086,74088],{"href":74087},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2499,74090,74091],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":74093},[74094,74095,74096,74097,74098,74099,74100,74101,74102,74103,74109],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":72420,"depth":123,"text":72421},{"id":6014,"depth":123,"text":6015},{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":72873,"depth":123,"text":72874},{"id":66237,"depth":123,"text":66238},{"id":73486,"depth":123,"text":73487},{"id":73751,"depth":123,"text":73752},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":74104},[74105,74106,74107,74108],{"id":74024,"depth":130,"text":74025},{"id":74031,"depth":130,"text":74032},{"id":74040,"depth":130,"text":74041},{"id":74053,"depth":130,"text":74054},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72323,"description":74110},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74117,"title":74118,"body":74119,"description":76009,"extension":2542,"meta":76010,"navigation":126,"path":76011,"seo":76012,"stem":76013,"__hash__":76014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74120,"toc":75979},[74121,74127,74133,74136,74147,74149,74198,74203,74208,74212,74227,74229,74294,74296,74337,74339,74341,74356,74358,74369,74371,74428,74430,74463,74465,74468,74517,74519,74544,74546,74562,74568,74575,74636,74638,74671,74676,74679,74758,74760,74821,74827,74831,74834,74898,74900,74925,74927,74947,74949,74998,75000,75021,75030,75033,75037,75042,75087,75089,75110,75116,75121,75129,75193,75195,75232,75238,75242,75249,75314,75316,75353,75357,75374,75384,75389,75394,75405,75412,75414,75420,75443,75446,75473,75478,75481,75582,75584,75639,75642,75749,75751,75822,75825,75851,75853,75858,75862,75870,75875,75880,75886,75891,75895,75898,75915,75918,75938,75946,75948,75976],[10,74122,54951,74124,11914],{"id":74123},"python-list-reverse-method",[28,74125,74126],{},"reverse()",[14,74128,74129,74132],{},[28,74130,74131],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,74134,74135],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,74137,74138,74139,74141,74142,74146],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[28,74140,74126],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[264,74143,74145],{"href":74144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[72,74148,4186],{"id":4185},[21,74150,74152],{"className":23,"code":74151,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[28,74153,74154,74174,74185],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74155,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74157,85],{"class":37},[31,74159,89],{"class":88},[31,74161,4200],{"class":41},[31,74163,146],{"class":95},[31,74165,99],{"class":41},[31,74167,3571],{"class":95},[31,74169,99],{"class":41},[31,74171,3027],{"class":95},[31,74173,59],{"class":41},[31,74175,74176,74178,74180,74183],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74177,141],{"class":37},[31,74179,70],{"class":41},[31,74181,74182],{"class":140},"reverse",[31,74184,1772],{"class":41},[31,74186,74187,74189,74191,74193,74195],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74188,134],{"class":133},[31,74190,137],{"class":41},[31,74192,141],{"class":140},[31,74194,4238],{"class":41},[31,74196,74197],{"class":157},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,74199,74200,74202],{},[28,74201,74126],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[72,74204,4255,74206,4258],{"id":74205},"what-listreverse-does",[28,74207,74131],{},[14,74209,74210,48],{},[28,74211,74131],{},[228,74213,74214,74217,74220,74224],{},[231,74215,74216],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[231,74218,74219],{},"Changes the original list directly",[231,74221,12016,74222],{},[28,74223,4357],{},[231,74225,74226],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,74228,242],{},[21,74230,74232],{"className":23,"code":74231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[28,74233,74234,74274,74284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74235,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74237,252],{"class":37},[31,74239,89],{"class":88},[31,74241,4200],{"class":41},[31,74243,260],{"class":259},[31,74245,264],{"class":263},[31,74247,260],{"class":259},[31,74249,99],{"class":41},[31,74251,271],{"class":259},[31,74253,274],{"class":263},[31,74255,260],{"class":259},[31,74257,99],{"class":41},[31,74259,271],{"class":259},[31,74261,283],{"class":263},[31,74263,260],{"class":259},[31,74265,99],{"class":41},[31,74267,271],{"class":259},[31,74269,292],{"class":263},[31,74271,260],{"class":259},[31,74273,59],{"class":41},[31,74275,74276,74278,74280,74282],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74277,353],{"class":37},[31,74279,70],{"class":41},[31,74281,74182],{"class":140},[31,74283,1772],{"class":41},[31,74285,74286,74288,74290,74292],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74287,134],{"class":133},[31,74289,137],{"class":41},[31,74291,353],{"class":140},[31,74293,120],{"class":41},[14,74295,358],{},[21,74297,74299],{"className":23,"code":74298,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[28,74300,74301],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74302,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74304,42],{"class":41},[31,74306,370],{"class":259},[31,74308,292],{"class":263},[31,74310,370],{"class":259},[31,74312,99],{"class":41},[31,74314,379],{"class":259},[31,74316,283],{"class":263},[31,74318,370],{"class":259},[31,74320,99],{"class":41},[31,74322,379],{"class":259},[31,74324,274],{"class":263},[31,74326,370],{"class":259},[31,74328,99],{"class":41},[31,74330,379],{"class":259},[31,74332,264],{"class":263},[31,74334,370],{"class":259},[31,74336,59],{"class":41},[72,74338,2733],{"id":2732},[14,74340,2736],{},[21,74342,74344],{"className":23,"code":74343,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.reverse()\n",[28,74345,74346],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74347,74348,74350,74352,74354],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74349,8928],{"class":37},[31,74351,70],{"class":41},[31,74353,74182],{"class":140},[31,74355,1772],{"class":41},[14,74357,13648],{},[228,74359,74360,74363,74366],{},[231,74361,74362],{},"No arguments are needed",[231,74364,74365],{},"You call it on an existing list",[231,74367,74368],{},"It only works on lists",[14,74370,242],{},[21,74372,74374],{"className":23,"code":74373,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[28,74375,74376,74408,74418],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74377,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74379,13672],{"class":37},[31,74381,89],{"class":88},[31,74383,4200],{"class":41},[31,74385,260],{"class":259},[31,74387,13689],{"class":263},[31,74389,260],{"class":259},[31,74391,99],{"class":41},[31,74393,271],{"class":259},[31,74395,18054],{"class":263},[31,74397,260],{"class":259},[31,74399,99],{"class":41},[31,74401,271],{"class":259},[31,74403,13706],{"class":263},[31,74405,260],{"class":259},[31,74407,59],{"class":41},[31,74409,74410,74412,74414,74416],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74411,18101],{"class":37},[31,74413,70],{"class":41},[31,74415,74182],{"class":140},[31,74417,1772],{"class":41},[31,74419,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74421,134],{"class":133},[31,74423,137],{"class":41},[31,74425,18101],{"class":140},[31,74427,120],{"class":41},[14,74429,358],{},[21,74431,74433],{"className":23,"code":74432,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[28,74434,74435],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74436,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74438,42],{"class":41},[31,74440,370],{"class":259},[31,74442,13706],{"class":263},[31,74444,370],{"class":259},[31,74446,99],{"class":41},[31,74448,379],{"class":259},[31,74450,18054],{"class":263},[31,74452,370],{"class":259},[31,74454,99],{"class":41},[31,74456,379],{"class":259},[31,74458,13689],{"class":263},[31,74460,370],{"class":259},[31,74462,59],{"class":41},[72,74464,12068],{"id":12067},[14,74466,74467],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[21,74469,74471],{"className":23,"code":74470,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,74472,74473,74497,74507],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74474,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74476,85],{"class":37},[31,74478,89],{"class":88},[31,74480,4200],{"class":41},[31,74482,96],{"class":95},[31,74484,99],{"class":41},[31,74486,102],{"class":95},[31,74488,99],{"class":41},[31,74490,107],{"class":95},[31,74492,99],{"class":41},[31,74494,112],{"class":95},[31,74496,59],{"class":41},[31,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74500,141],{"class":37},[31,74502,70],{"class":41},[31,74504,74182],{"class":140},[31,74506,1772],{"class":41},[31,74508,74509,74511,74513,74515],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74510,134],{"class":133},[31,74512,137],{"class":41},[31,74514,141],{"class":140},[31,74516,120],{"class":41},[14,74518,358],{},[21,74520,74522],{"className":23,"code":74521,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[28,74523,74524],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74527,42],{"class":41},[31,74529,1113],{"class":95},[31,74531,99],{"class":41},[31,74533,107],{"class":95},[31,74535,99],{"class":41},[31,74537,102],{"class":95},[31,74539,99],{"class":41},[31,74541,1026],{"class":95},[31,74543,59],{"class":41},[14,74545,12277],{},[228,74547,74548,74554,74559],{},[231,74549,74550,74551],{},"The list starts as ",[28,74552,74553],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[231,74555,74556,74558],{},[28,74557,74126],{}," flips the order",[231,74560,74561],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[72,74563,74565,74567],{"id":74564},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[28,74566,74126],{}," changes the original list",[14,74569,74570,74571,74574],{},"This method is ",[67,74572,74573],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[21,74576,74578],{"className":23,"code":74577,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[28,74579,74580,74612,74622,74626],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74581,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74583,36843],{"class":37},[31,74585,89],{"class":88},[31,74587,4200],{"class":41},[31,74589,260],{"class":259},[31,74591,4660],{"class":263},[31,74593,260],{"class":259},[31,74595,99],{"class":41},[31,74597,271],{"class":259},[31,74599,4669],{"class":263},[31,74601,260],{"class":259},[31,74603,99],{"class":41},[31,74605,271],{"class":259},[31,74607,4678],{"class":263},[31,74609,260],{"class":259},[31,74611,59],{"class":41},[31,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74615,36895],{"class":37},[31,74617,70],{"class":41},[31,74619,74182],{"class":140},[31,74621,1772],{"class":41},[31,74623,74624],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74625,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,74629,134],{"class":133},[31,74631,137],{"class":41},[31,74633,36895],{"class":140},[31,74635,120],{"class":41},[14,74637,358],{},[21,74639,74641],{"className":23,"code":74640,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[28,74642,74643],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74646,42],{"class":41},[31,74648,370],{"class":259},[31,74650,4678],{"class":263},[31,74652,370],{"class":259},[31,74654,99],{"class":41},[31,74656,379],{"class":259},[31,74658,4669],{"class":263},[31,74660,370],{"class":259},[31,74662,99],{"class":41},[31,74664,379],{"class":259},[31,74666,4660],{"class":263},[31,74668,370],{"class":259},[31,74670,59],{"class":41},[14,74672,2668,74673,74675],{},[28,74674,74126],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74677,74678],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[21,74680,74682],{"className":23,"code":74681,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[28,74683,74684,74716,74733,74737,74747],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74685,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74687,36843],{"class":37},[31,74689,89],{"class":88},[31,74691,4200],{"class":41},[31,74693,260],{"class":259},[31,74695,4660],{"class":263},[31,74697,260],{"class":259},[31,74699,99],{"class":41},[31,74701,271],{"class":259},[31,74703,4669],{"class":263},[31,74705,260],{"class":259},[31,74707,99],{"class":41},[31,74709,271],{"class":259},[31,74711,4678],{"class":263},[31,74713,260],{"class":259},[31,74715,59],{"class":41},[31,74717,74718,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74719,74720],{"class":37},"reversed_fruits ",[31,74722,89],{"class":88},[31,74724,53460],{"class":37},[31,74726,190],{"class":41},[31,74728,212],{"class":88},[31,74730,146],{"class":95},[31,74732,59],{"class":41},[31,74734,74735],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74736,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,74738,74739,74741,74743,74745],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,74740,134],{"class":133},[31,74742,137],{"class":41},[31,74744,36895],{"class":140},[31,74746,120],{"class":41},[31,74748,74749,74751,74753,74756],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,74750,134],{"class":133},[31,74752,137],{"class":41},[31,74754,74755],{"class":140},"reversed_fruits",[31,74757,120],{"class":41},[14,74759,358],{},[21,74761,74763],{"className":23,"code":74762,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[28,74764,74765,74793],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74766,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74768,42],{"class":41},[31,74770,370],{"class":259},[31,74772,4660],{"class":263},[31,74774,370],{"class":259},[31,74776,99],{"class":41},[31,74778,379],{"class":259},[31,74780,4669],{"class":263},[31,74782,370],{"class":259},[31,74784,99],{"class":41},[31,74786,379],{"class":259},[31,74788,4678],{"class":263},[31,74790,370],{"class":259},[31,74792,59],{"class":41},[31,74794,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74796,42],{"class":41},[31,74798,370],{"class":259},[31,74800,4678],{"class":263},[31,74802,370],{"class":259},[31,74804,99],{"class":41},[31,74806,379],{"class":259},[31,74808,4669],{"class":263},[31,74810,370],{"class":259},[31,74812,99],{"class":41},[31,74814,379],{"class":259},[31,74816,4660],{"class":263},[31,74818,370],{"class":259},[31,74820,59],{"class":41},[14,74822,74823,74824,70],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[264,74825,74826],{"href":74144},"Python list slicing explained",[72,74828,74830],{"id":74829},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74832,74833],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[21,74835,74837],{"className":23,"code":74836,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,74838,74839,74859,74873,74877,74888],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74840,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74842,85],{"class":37},[31,74844,89],{"class":88},[31,74846,4200],{"class":41},[31,74848,146],{"class":95},[31,74850,99],{"class":41},[31,74852,3571],{"class":95},[31,74854,99],{"class":41},[31,74856,3027],{"class":95},[31,74858,59],{"class":41},[31,74860,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74862,56499],{"class":37},[31,74864,89],{"class":88},[31,74866,1527],{"class":37},[31,74868,70],{"class":41},[31,74870,74182],{"class":140},[31,74872,1772],{"class":41},[31,74874,74875],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74876,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,74878,74879,74881,74883,74886],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,74880,134],{"class":133},[31,74882,137],{"class":41},[31,74884,74885],{"class":140},"new_list",[31,74887,120],{"class":41},[31,74889,74890,74892,74894,74896],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,74891,134],{"class":133},[31,74893,137],{"class":41},[31,74895,141],{"class":140},[31,74897,120],{"class":41},[14,74899,358],{},[21,74901,74903],{"className":23,"code":74902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[28,74904,74905,74909],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74906,74907],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74908,12402],{"class":4432},[31,74910,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74912,42],{"class":41},[31,74914,173],{"class":95},[31,74916,99],{"class":41},[31,74918,3571],{"class":95},[31,74920,99],{"class":41},[31,74922,6082],{"class":95},[31,74924,59],{"class":41},[14,74926,12494],{},[228,74928,74929,74937,74941],{},[231,74930,74931,74933,74934,74936],{},[28,74932,74126],{}," changes ",[28,74935,141],{}," directly",[231,74938,41511,74939,72444],{},[67,74940,5213],{},[231,74942,54262,74943,42761,74945],{},[28,74944,74885],{},[28,74946,4357],{},[14,74948,62506],{},[21,74950,74952],{"className":23,"code":74951,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,74953,74954,74974,74984,74988],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,74955,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,74957,85],{"class":37},[31,74959,89],{"class":88},[31,74961,4200],{"class":41},[31,74963,146],{"class":95},[31,74965,99],{"class":41},[31,74967,3571],{"class":95},[31,74969,99],{"class":41},[31,74971,3027],{"class":95},[31,74973,59],{"class":41},[31,74975,74976,74978,74980,74982],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,74977,141],{"class":37},[31,74979,70],{"class":41},[31,74981,74182],{"class":140},[31,74983,1772],{"class":41},[31,74985,74986],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,74987,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,74989,74990,74992,74994,74996],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,74991,134],{"class":133},[31,74993,137],{"class":41},[31,74995,141],{"class":140},[31,74997,120],{"class":41},[14,74999,358],{},[21,75001,75003],{"className":23,"code":75002,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[28,75004,75005],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75006,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75008,42],{"class":41},[31,75010,173],{"class":95},[31,75012,99],{"class":41},[31,75014,3571],{"class":95},[31,75016,99],{"class":41},[31,75018,6082],{"class":95},[31,75020,59],{"class":41},[72,75022,75024,11177,75026,75029],{"id":75023},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[28,75025,74126],{},[28,75027,75028],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,75031,75032],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[613,75034,75035],{"id":74182},[28,75036,74126],{},[14,75038,75039,75041],{},[28,75040,74126],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[21,75043,75045],{"className":23,"code":75044,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,75046,75047,75067,75077],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75048,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75050,85],{"class":37},[31,75052,89],{"class":88},[31,75054,4200],{"class":41},[31,75056,173],{"class":95},[31,75058,99],{"class":41},[31,75060,6082],{"class":95},[31,75062,99],{"class":41},[31,75064,3571],{"class":95},[31,75066,59],{"class":41},[31,75068,75069,75071,75073,75075],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75070,141],{"class":37},[31,75072,70],{"class":41},[31,75074,74182],{"class":140},[31,75076,1772],{"class":41},[31,75078,75079,75081,75083,75085],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75080,134],{"class":133},[31,75082,137],{"class":41},[31,75084,141],{"class":140},[31,75086,120],{"class":41},[14,75088,358],{},[21,75090,75092],{"className":23,"code":75091,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[28,75093,75094],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75095,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106,75108],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75097,42],{"class":41},[31,75099,193],{"class":95},[31,75101,99],{"class":41},[31,75103,6082],{"class":95},[31,75105,99],{"class":41},[31,75107,3027],{"class":95},[31,75109,59],{"class":41},[14,75111,75112,75113,75115],{},"Notice that this is ",[67,75114,5213],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[613,75117,75119],{"id":75118},"sorted",[28,75120,75028],{},[14,75122,75123,75128],{},[264,75124,75126],{"href":75125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[28,75127,75028],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[21,75130,75132],{"className":23,"code":75131,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[28,75133,75134,75154,75169,75173,75183],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75135,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75137,85],{"class":37},[31,75139,89],{"class":88},[31,75141,4200],{"class":41},[31,75143,173],{"class":95},[31,75145,99],{"class":41},[31,75147,6082],{"class":95},[31,75149,99],{"class":41},[31,75151,3571],{"class":95},[31,75153,59],{"class":41},[31,75155,75156,75158,75160,75163,75165,75167],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75157,1522],{"class":37},[31,75159,89],{"class":88},[31,75161,75162],{"class":133}," sorted",[31,75164,137],{"class":41},[31,75166,141],{"class":140},[31,75168,120],{"class":41},[31,75170,75171],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75172,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75174,75175,75177,75179,75181],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,75176,134],{"class":133},[31,75178,137],{"class":41},[31,75180,141],{"class":140},[31,75182,120],{"class":41},[31,75184,75185,75187,75189,75191],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,75186,134],{"class":133},[31,75188,137],{"class":41},[31,75190,1550],{"class":140},[31,75192,120],{"class":41},[14,75194,358],{},[21,75196,75198],{"className":23,"code":75197,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[28,75199,75200,75216],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75201,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75203,42],{"class":41},[31,75205,173],{"class":95},[31,75207,99],{"class":41},[31,75209,6082],{"class":95},[31,75211,99],{"class":41},[31,75213,3571],{"class":95},[31,75215,59],{"class":41},[31,75217,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75219,42],{"class":41},[31,75221,146],{"class":95},[31,75223,99],{"class":41},[31,75225,3571],{"class":95},[31,75227,99],{"class":41},[31,75229,3027],{"class":95},[31,75231,59],{"class":41},[14,75233,75234,75235,70],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[28,75236,75237],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[613,75239,75241],{"id":75240},"slicing","Slicing",[14,75243,75244,75245,75248],{},"Slicing with ",[28,75246,75247],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[21,75250,75252],{"className":23,"code":75251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[28,75253,75254,75274,75290,75294,75304],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75255,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75257,85],{"class":37},[31,75259,89],{"class":88},[31,75261,4200],{"class":41},[31,75263,173],{"class":95},[31,75265,99],{"class":41},[31,75267,6082],{"class":95},[31,75269,99],{"class":41},[31,75271,3571],{"class":95},[31,75273,59],{"class":41},[31,75275,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75277,1522],{"class":37},[31,75279,89],{"class":88},[31,75281,1527],{"class":37},[31,75283,190],{"class":41},[31,75285,212],{"class":88},[31,75287,146],{"class":95},[31,75289,59],{"class":41},[31,75291,75292],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75293,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75295,75296,75298,75300,75302],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,75297,134],{"class":133},[31,75299,137],{"class":41},[31,75301,141],{"class":140},[31,75303,120],{"class":41},[31,75305,75306,75308,75310,75312],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,75307,134],{"class":133},[31,75309,137],{"class":41},[31,75311,1550],{"class":140},[31,75313,120],{"class":41},[14,75315,358],{},[21,75317,75319],{"className":23,"code":75318,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[28,75320,75321,75337],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75322,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75324,42],{"class":41},[31,75326,173],{"class":95},[31,75328,99],{"class":41},[31,75330,6082],{"class":95},[31,75332,99],{"class":41},[31,75334,3571],{"class":95},[31,75336,59],{"class":41},[31,75338,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75340,42],{"class":41},[31,75342,193],{"class":95},[31,75344,99],{"class":41},[31,75346,6082],{"class":95},[31,75348,99],{"class":41},[31,75350,3027],{"class":95},[31,75352,59],{"class":41},[613,75354,75356],{"id":75355},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[228,75358,75359,75364,75369],{},[231,75360,2668,75361,75363],{},[28,75362,74126],{}," when you want to change the original list",[231,75365,2668,75366,75368],{},[28,75367,75247],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[231,75370,2668,75371,75373],{},[28,75372,75028],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,75375,75376,75377,75383],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[264,75378,75380,75381,11333],{"href":75379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[28,75382,64920],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[72,75385,5544,75387],{"id":75386},"when-to-use-reverse",[28,75388,74126],{},[14,75390,75391,75393],{},[28,75392,74126],{}," is a good choice:",[228,75395,75396,75399,75402],{},[231,75397,75398],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[231,75400,75401],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[231,75403,75404],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,75406,75407,75408,70],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[264,75409,75411],{"href":75410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[72,75413,3407],{"id":3406},[14,75415,75416,75417,75419],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[28,75418,74126],{}," for these reasons:",[228,75421,75422,75426,75431,75436],{},[231,75423,13189,75424,13192],{},[28,75425,74126],{},[231,75427,9043,75428,75430],{},[28,75429,74126],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[231,75432,9007,75433,75435],{},[28,75434,74126],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[231,75437,37808,75438,9295,75440],{},[28,75439,74126],{},[28,75441,75442],{},"reversed()",[14,75444,75445],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[21,75447,75449],{"className":23,"code":75448,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[28,75450,75451,75463],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75452,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75454,35292],{"class":37},[31,75456,89],{"class":88},[31,75458,271],{"class":259},[31,75460,4425],{"class":263},[31,75462,3934],{"class":259},[31,75464,75465,75467,75469,75471],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75466,35313],{"class":37},[31,75468,70],{"class":41},[31,75470,74182],{"class":140},[31,75472,1772],{"class":41},[14,75474,75475,75476,34205],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[28,75477,74126],{},[14,75479,75480],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[21,75482,75484],{"className":23,"code":75483,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[28,75485,75486,75506,75510,75520,75534,75538,75552,75562,75566],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75487,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75489,8897],{"class":37},[31,75491,89],{"class":88},[31,75493,4200],{"class":41},[31,75495,146],{"class":95},[31,75497,99],{"class":41},[31,75499,3571],{"class":95},[31,75501,99],{"class":41},[31,75503,3027],{"class":95},[31,75505,59],{"class":41},[31,75507,75508],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75509,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75511,75512,75514,75516,75518],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75513,134],{"class":133},[31,75515,137],{"class":41},[31,75517,8928],{"class":140},[31,75519,120],{"class":41},[31,75521,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,75523,134],{"class":133},[31,75525,137],{"class":41},[31,75527,1562],{"class":1561},[31,75529,137],{"class":41},[31,75531,8928],{"class":140},[31,75533,1569],{"class":41},[31,75535,75536],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,75537,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75539,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,75541,1522],{"class":37},[31,75543,89],{"class":88},[31,75545,8985],{"class":37},[31,75547,70],{"class":41},[31,75549,74182],{"class":140},[31,75551,1772],{"class":41},[31,75553,75554,75556,75558,75560],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,75555,134],{"class":133},[31,75557,137],{"class":41},[31,75559,1550],{"class":140},[31,75561,120],{"class":41},[31,75563,75564],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,75565,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75567,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,75569,134],{"class":133},[31,75571,137],{"class":41},[31,75573,8928],{"class":140},[31,75575,190],{"class":41},[31,75577,212],{"class":88},[31,75579,146],{"class":95},[31,75581,566],{"class":41},[14,75583,358],{},[21,75585,75587],{"className":23,"code":75586,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[28,75588,75589,75605,75619,75623],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75590,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75592,42],{"class":41},[31,75594,146],{"class":95},[31,75596,99],{"class":41},[31,75598,3571],{"class":95},[31,75600,99],{"class":41},[31,75602,3027],{"class":95},[31,75604,59],{"class":41},[31,75606,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75608,1593],{"class":88},[31,75610,1597],{"class":1596},[31,75612,379],{"class":259},[31,75614,8682],{"class":263},[31,75616,370],{"class":259},[31,75618,1606],{"class":88},[31,75620,75621],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75622,12402],{"class":4432},[31,75624,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,75626,42],{"class":41},[31,75628,146],{"class":95},[31,75630,99],{"class":41},[31,75632,3571],{"class":95},[31,75634,99],{"class":41},[31,75636,6082],{"class":95},[31,75638,59],{"class":41},[14,75640,75641],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[21,75643,75645],{"className":23,"code":75644,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[28,75646,75647,75667,75671,75681,75695,75699,75713,75723,75733],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75648,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75650,8897],{"class":37},[31,75652,89],{"class":88},[31,75654,4200],{"class":41},[31,75656,146],{"class":95},[31,75658,99],{"class":41},[31,75660,3571],{"class":95},[31,75662,99],{"class":41},[31,75664,3027],{"class":95},[31,75666,59],{"class":41},[31,75668,75669],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75670,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75672,75673,75675,75677,75679],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75674,134],{"class":133},[31,75676,137],{"class":41},[31,75678,8928],{"class":140},[31,75680,120],{"class":41},[31,75682,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,75684,134],{"class":133},[31,75686,137],{"class":41},[31,75688,1562],{"class":1561},[31,75690,137],{"class":41},[31,75692,8928],{"class":140},[31,75694,1569],{"class":41},[31,75696,75697],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,75698,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,75700,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,75702,1522],{"class":37},[31,75704,89],{"class":88},[31,75706,8985],{"class":37},[31,75708,70],{"class":41},[31,75710,74182],{"class":140},[31,75712,1772],{"class":41},[31,75714,75715,75717,75719,75721],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,75716,134],{"class":133},[31,75718,137],{"class":41},[31,75720,1550],{"class":140},[31,75722,120],{"class":41},[31,75724,75725,75727,75729,75731],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,75726,134],{"class":133},[31,75728,137],{"class":41},[31,75730,8928],{"class":140},[31,75732,120],{"class":41},[31,75734,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,75736,134],{"class":133},[31,75738,137],{"class":41},[31,75740,8928],{"class":140},[31,75742,190],{"class":41},[31,75744,212],{"class":88},[31,75746,146],{"class":95},[31,75748,566],{"class":41},[14,75750,358],{},[21,75752,75754],{"className":23,"code":75753,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[28,75755,75756,75772,75786,75790,75806],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75757,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75759,42],{"class":41},[31,75761,146],{"class":95},[31,75763,99],{"class":41},[31,75765,3571],{"class":95},[31,75767,99],{"class":41},[31,75769,3027],{"class":95},[31,75771,59],{"class":41},[31,75773,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,75775,1593],{"class":88},[31,75777,1597],{"class":1596},[31,75779,379],{"class":259},[31,75781,8682],{"class":263},[31,75783,370],{"class":259},[31,75785,1606],{"class":88},[31,75787,75788],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,75789,12402],{"class":4432},[31,75791,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,75793,42],{"class":41},[31,75795,173],{"class":95},[31,75797,99],{"class":41},[31,75799,3571],{"class":95},[31,75801,99],{"class":41},[31,75803,6082],{"class":95},[31,75805,59],{"class":41},[31,75807,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,75809,42],{"class":41},[31,75811,146],{"class":95},[31,75813,99],{"class":41},[31,75815,3571],{"class":95},[31,75817,99],{"class":41},[31,75819,3027],{"class":95},[31,75821,59],{"class":41},[14,75823,75824],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[228,75826,75827,75836,75845],{},[231,75828,28397,75829,75832,75833],{},[28,75830,75831],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[28,75834,75835],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[231,75837,12510,75838,75841,75842,23159],{},[28,75839,75840],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[67,75843,75844],{},"current",[231,75846,75847,75848],{},"So it prints ",[28,75849,75850],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[72,75852,2435],{"id":2434},[613,75854,13299,75856,56078],{"id":75855},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[28,75857,74131],{},[14,75859,63211,75860,70],{},[28,75861,4357],{},[613,75863,34809,75865,34812,75867,2466],{"id":75864},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[28,75866,74126],{},[28,75868,75869],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75871,75872,75874],{},[28,75873,74126],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75876,75877,75879],{},[28,75878,75869],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[613,75881,28930,75883,75885],{"id":75882},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[28,75884,74126],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75887,46973,75888,75890],{},[28,75889,74126],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[613,75892,75894],{"id":75893},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75896,75897],{},"Use slicing:",[21,75899,75901],{"className":23,"code":75900,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list[::-1]\n",[28,75902,75903],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75904,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75906,8928],{"class":37},[31,75908,190],{"class":41},[31,75910,212],{"class":88},[31,75912,146],{"class":95},[31,75914,59],{"class":41},[14,75916,75917],{},"Or use:",[21,75919,75921],{"className":23,"code":75920,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[28,75922,75923],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,75924,75925,75927,75929,75932,75934,75936],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,75926,8682],{"class":1561},[31,75928,137],{"class":41},[31,75930,75931],{"class":133},"reversed",[31,75933,137],{"class":41},[31,75935,8928],{"class":140},[31,75937,1569],{"class":41},[14,75939,75940,75941,75945],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[264,75942,56129,75943],{"href":55569},[28,75944,13372],{}," can also help.",[72,75947,2475],{"id":2474},[228,75949,75950,75956,75962,75966,75970],{},[231,75951,75952],{},[264,75953,56129,75954,11333],{"href":75379},[28,75955,64920],{},[231,75957,75958],{},[264,75959,4152,75960,4085],{"href":75125},[28,75961,75028],{},[231,75963,75964],{},[264,75965,75411],{"href":75410},[231,75967,75968],{},[264,75969,74826],{"href":74144},[231,75971,75972],{},[264,75973,56129,75974,11333],{"href":55569},[28,75975,13372],{},[2499,75977,75978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":75980},[75981,75982,75984,75985,75986,75988,75989,75996,75998,75999,76008],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":74205,"depth":123,"text":75983},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":74564,"depth":123,"text":75987},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74829,"depth":123,"text":74830},{"id":75023,"depth":123,"text":75990,"children":75991},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75992,75993,75994,75995],{"id":74182,"depth":130,"text":74126},{"id":75118,"depth":130,"text":75028},{"id":75240,"depth":130,"text":75241},{"id":75355,"depth":130,"text":75356},{"id":75386,"depth":123,"text":75997},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":76000},[76001,76003,76005,76007],{"id":75855,"depth":130,"text":76002},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75864,"depth":130,"text":76004},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75882,"depth":130,"text":76006},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75893,"depth":130,"text":75894},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74118,"description":76009},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":76016,"title":76017,"body":76018,"description":78432,"extension":2542,"meta":78433,"navigation":126,"path":78434,"seo":78435,"stem":78436,"__hash__":78437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":76019,"toc":78400},[76020,76023,76033,76036,76059,76066,76068,76179,76188,76192,76195,76198,76283,76285,76318,76320,76342,76348,76352,76355,76377,76379,76396,76399,76419,76421,76531,76533,76610,76612,76615,76657,76659,76791,76793,76895,76900,76902,76905,76907,76921,76924,77038,77040,77114,77116,77144,77148,77153,77181,77184,77310,77312,77393,77399,77403,77405,77444,77453,77457,77460,77463,77510,77512,77520,77524,77575,77577,77590,77592,77606,77609,77617,77619,77666,77668,77676,77679,77722,77727,77729,77732,77755,77759,77810,77813,77834,77844,77848,77850,77880,77883,77906,77910,77913,77980,77982,78019,78022,78030,78097,78099,78136,78142,78149,78153,78156,78186,78191,78195,78198,78222,78225,78318,78328,78330,78334,78337,78341,78344,78349,78352,78358,78361,78363,78391,78397],[10,76021,76017],{"id":76022},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,76024,76025,76026,2766,76028,17670,76030,76032],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[28,76027,45],{},[28,76029,51],{},[28,76031,56],{},", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,76034,76035],{},"The basic slice form is:",[21,76037,76039],{"className":23,"code":76038,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[28,76040,76041],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76042,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76044,8928],{"class":37},[31,76046,42],{"class":41},[31,76048,45],{"class":37},[31,76050,48],{"class":41},[31,76052,51],{"class":37},[31,76054,48],{"class":41},[31,76056,56],{"class":37},[31,76058,59],{"class":41},[14,76060,76061,76062,65,76064,70],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[28,76063,51],{},[67,76065,69],{},[72,76067,75],{"id":74},[21,76069,76071],{"className":23,"code":76070,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[28,76072,76073,76101,76105,76126,76143,76160],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76074,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76076,85],{"class":37},[31,76078,89],{"class":88},[31,76080,4200],{"class":41},[31,76082,96],{"class":95},[31,76084,99],{"class":41},[31,76086,102],{"class":95},[31,76088,99],{"class":41},[31,76090,107],{"class":95},[31,76092,99],{"class":41},[31,76094,112],{"class":95},[31,76096,99],{"class":41},[31,76098,117],{"class":95},[31,76100,59],{"class":41},[31,76102,76103],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76104,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76108,134],{"class":133},[31,76110,137],{"class":41},[31,76112,141],{"class":140},[31,76114,42],{"class":41},[31,76116,146],{"class":95},[31,76118,48],{"class":41},[31,76120,151],{"class":95},[31,76122,154],{"class":41},[31,76124,76125],{"class":157},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[31,76127,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,76129,134],{"class":133},[31,76131,137],{"class":41},[31,76133,141],{"class":140},[31,76135,170],{"class":41},[31,76137,173],{"class":95},[31,76139,154],{"class":41},[31,76141,76142],{"class":157},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[31,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,76146,134],{"class":133},[31,76148,137],{"class":41},[31,76150,141],{"class":140},[31,76152,190],{"class":41},[31,76154,193],{"class":95},[31,76156,154],{"class":41},[31,76158,76159],{"class":157},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[31,76161,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,76163,134],{"class":133},[31,76165,137],{"class":41},[31,76167,141],{"class":140},[31,76169,190],{"class":41},[31,76171,212],{"class":88},[31,76173,146],{"class":95},[31,76175,154],{"class":41},[31,76177,76178],{"class":157},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,76180,2668,76181,76184,76185,76187],{},[28,76182,76183],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[28,76186,51],{}," value is not included.",[72,76189,76191],{"id":76190},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,76193,76194],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,76196,76197],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[21,76199,76201],{"className":23,"code":76200,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[28,76202,76203,76251,76255,76273],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76204,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76206,252],{"class":37},[31,76208,89],{"class":88},[31,76210,4200],{"class":41},[31,76212,260],{"class":259},[31,76214,264],{"class":263},[31,76216,260],{"class":259},[31,76218,99],{"class":41},[31,76220,271],{"class":259},[31,76222,274],{"class":263},[31,76224,260],{"class":259},[31,76226,99],{"class":41},[31,76228,271],{"class":259},[31,76230,283],{"class":263},[31,76232,260],{"class":259},[31,76234,99],{"class":41},[31,76236,271],{"class":259},[31,76238,292],{"class":263},[31,76240,260],{"class":259},[31,76242,99],{"class":41},[31,76244,271],{"class":259},[31,76246,301],{"class":263},[31,76248,260],{"class":259},[31,76250,59],{"class":41},[31,76252,76253],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76254,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,76256,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76258,314],{"class":37},[31,76260,89],{"class":88},[31,76262,319],{"class":37},[31,76264,42],{"class":41},[31,76266,146],{"class":95},[31,76268,48],{"class":41},[31,76270,151],{"class":95},[31,76272,59],{"class":41},[31,76274,76275,76277,76279,76281],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,76276,134],{"class":133},[31,76278,137],{"class":41},[31,76280,342],{"class":140},[31,76282,120],{"class":41},[14,76284,358],{},[21,76286,76288],{"className":23,"code":76287,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[28,76289,76290],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76291,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76293,42],{"class":41},[31,76295,370],{"class":259},[31,76297,274],{"class":263},[31,76299,370],{"class":259},[31,76301,99],{"class":41},[31,76303,379],{"class":259},[31,76305,283],{"class":263},[31,76307,370],{"class":259},[31,76309,99],{"class":41},[31,76311,379],{"class":259},[31,76313,292],{"class":263},[31,76315,370],{"class":259},[31,76317,59],{"class":41},[14,76319,13648],{},[228,76321,76322,76325,76327,76333,76339],{},[231,76323,76324],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[231,76326,233],{},[231,76328,76329,76330],{},"Basic form: ",[28,76331,76332],{},"list[start:stop]",[231,76334,76335,76336,76338],{},"The item at ",[28,76337,51],{}," is not included",[231,76340,76341],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,76343,76344,76345,70],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[264,76346,76347],{"href":51587},"beginner guide to Python lists",[72,76349,76351],{"id":76350},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,76353,76354],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[21,76356,76357],{"className":23,"code":76038,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,76358,76359],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76360,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76362,8928],{"class":37},[31,76364,42],{"class":41},[31,76366,45],{"class":37},[31,76368,48],{"class":41},[31,76370,51],{"class":37},[31,76372,48],{"class":41},[31,76374,56],{"class":37},[31,76376,59],{"class":41},[14,76378,65654],{},[228,76380,76381,76386,76391],{},[231,76382,76383,76385],{},[28,76384,45],{}," is where slicing begins",[231,76387,76388,76390],{},[28,76389,51],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[231,76392,76393,76395],{},[28,76394,56],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,76397,76398],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[228,76400,76401,76407,76412],{},[231,76402,76403,76404,76406],{},"Missing ",[28,76405,45],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[231,76408,76403,76409,76411],{},[28,76410,51],{}," means go to the end of the list",[231,76413,76403,76414,76416,76417],{},[28,76415,56],{}," means use ",[28,76418,146],{},[14,76420,242],{},[21,76422,76424],{"className":23,"code":76423,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[28,76425,76426,76454,76458,76479,76496,76514],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76427,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76429,85],{"class":37},[31,76431,89],{"class":88},[31,76433,4200],{"class":41},[31,76435,96],{"class":95},[31,76437,99],{"class":41},[31,76439,102],{"class":95},[31,76441,99],{"class":41},[31,76443,107],{"class":95},[31,76445,99],{"class":41},[31,76447,112],{"class":95},[31,76449,99],{"class":41},[31,76451,117],{"class":95},[31,76453,59],{"class":41},[31,76455,76456],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76457,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,76459,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76461,134],{"class":133},[31,76463,137],{"class":41},[31,76465,141],{"class":140},[31,76467,42],{"class":41},[31,76469,146],{"class":95},[31,76471,48],{"class":41},[31,76473,151],{"class":95},[31,76475,154],{"class":41},[31,76477,76478],{"class":157},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[31,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,76482,134],{"class":133},[31,76484,137],{"class":41},[31,76486,141],{"class":140},[31,76488,170],{"class":41},[31,76490,173],{"class":95},[31,76492,154],{"class":41},[31,76494,76495],{"class":157},"    # start from the beginning\n",[31,76497,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76511],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,76499,134],{"class":133},[31,76501,137],{"class":41},[31,76503,141],{"class":140},[31,76505,42],{"class":41},[31,76507,193],{"class":95},[31,76509,76510],{"class":41},":])",[31,76512,76513],{"class":157},"    # go to the end\n",[31,76515,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,76517,134],{"class":133},[31,76519,137],{"class":41},[31,76521,141],{"class":140},[31,76523,190],{"class":41},[31,76525,146],{"class":95},[31,76527,154],{"class":41},[31,76529,76530],{"class":157},"   # step of 1\n",[14,76532,358],{},[21,76534,76536],{"className":23,"code":76535,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[28,76537,76538,76554,76570,76586],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76539,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76541,42],{"class":41},[31,76543,580],{"class":95},[31,76545,99],{"class":41},[31,76547,107],{"class":95},[31,76549,99],{"class":41},[31,76551,112],{"class":95},[31,76553,59],{"class":41},[31,76555,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76557,42],{"class":41},[31,76559,96],{"class":95},[31,76561,99],{"class":41},[31,76563,102],{"class":95},[31,76565,99],{"class":41},[31,76567,107],{"class":95},[31,76569,59],{"class":41},[31,76571,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76573,42],{"class":41},[31,76575,764],{"class":95},[31,76577,99],{"class":41},[31,76579,112],{"class":95},[31,76581,99],{"class":41},[31,76583,117],{"class":95},[31,76585,59],{"class":41},[31,76587,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,76589,42],{"class":41},[31,76591,96],{"class":95},[31,76593,99],{"class":41},[31,76595,102],{"class":95},[31,76597,99],{"class":41},[31,76599,107],{"class":95},[31,76601,99],{"class":41},[31,76603,112],{"class":95},[31,76605,99],{"class":41},[31,76607,117],{"class":95},[31,76609,59],{"class":41},[72,76611,608],{"id":607},[14,76613,76614],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[228,76616,76617,76625,76634,76645,76651],{},[231,76618,76619,76622,76623,620],{},[28,76620,76621],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[28,76624,619],{},[231,76626,76627,76630,76631,76633],{},[28,76628,76629],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[28,76632,619],{}," to the end",[231,76635,76636,76639,76640,76642,76643],{},[28,76637,76638],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[28,76641,264],{}," up to ",[28,76644,274],{},[231,76646,76647,76650],{},[28,76648,76649],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[231,76652,76653,76656],{},[28,76654,76655],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76658,242],{},[21,76660,76662],{"className":23,"code":76661,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[28,76663,76664,76696,76700,76717,76734,76755,76772],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76665,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76667,85],{"class":37},[31,76669,89],{"class":88},[31,76671,4200],{"class":41},[31,76673,96],{"class":95},[31,76675,99],{"class":41},[31,76677,102],{"class":95},[31,76679,99],{"class":41},[31,76681,107],{"class":95},[31,76683,99],{"class":41},[31,76685,112],{"class":95},[31,76687,99],{"class":41},[31,76689,117],{"class":95},[31,76691,99],{"class":41},[31,76693,536],{"class":95},[31,76695,59],{"class":41},[31,76697,76698],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76699,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,76701,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76703,134],{"class":133},[31,76705,137],{"class":41},[31,76707,141],{"class":140},[31,76709,170],{"class":41},[31,76711,173],{"class":95},[31,76713,154],{"class":41},[31,76715,76716],{"class":157},"    # first 3 items\n",[31,76718,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,76720,134],{"class":133},[31,76722,137],{"class":41},[31,76724,141],{"class":140},[31,76726,42],{"class":41},[31,76728,173],{"class":95},[31,76730,76510],{"class":41},[31,76732,76733],{"class":157},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[31,76735,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,76737,134],{"class":133},[31,76739,137],{"class":41},[31,76741,141],{"class":140},[31,76743,42],{"class":41},[31,76745,146],{"class":95},[31,76747,48],{"class":41},[31,76749,559],{"class":95},[31,76751,154],{"class":41},[31,76753,76754],{"class":157},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[31,76756,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,76758,134],{"class":133},[31,76760,137],{"class":41},[31,76762,141],{"class":140},[31,76764,190],{"class":41},[31,76766,193],{"class":95},[31,76768,154],{"class":41},[31,76770,76771],{"class":157},"   # every second item\n",[31,76773,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,76775,134],{"class":133},[31,76777,137],{"class":41},[31,76779,141],{"class":140},[31,76781,190],{"class":41},[31,76783,212],{"class":88},[31,76785,146],{"class":95},[31,76787,154],{"class":41},[31,76789,76790],{"class":157},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76792,358],{},[21,76794,76796],{"className":23,"code":76795,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[28,76797,76798,76814,76830,76850,76866],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76799,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76801,42],{"class":41},[31,76803,96],{"class":95},[31,76805,99],{"class":41},[31,76807,102],{"class":95},[31,76809,99],{"class":41},[31,76811,107],{"class":95},[31,76813,59],{"class":41},[31,76815,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76817,42],{"class":41},[31,76819,1113],{"class":95},[31,76821,99],{"class":41},[31,76823,117],{"class":95},[31,76825,99],{"class":41},[31,76827,536],{"class":95},[31,76829,59],{"class":41},[31,76831,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76833,42],{"class":41},[31,76835,580],{"class":95},[31,76837,99],{"class":41},[31,76839,107],{"class":95},[31,76841,99],{"class":41},[31,76843,112],{"class":95},[31,76845,99],{"class":41},[31,76847,117],{"class":95},[31,76849,59],{"class":41},[31,76851,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,76853,42],{"class":41},[31,76855,96],{"class":95},[31,76857,99],{"class":41},[31,76859,107],{"class":95},[31,76861,99],{"class":41},[31,76863,117],{"class":95},[31,76865,59],{"class":41},[31,76867,76868,76870,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,76869,42],{"class":41},[31,76871,76872],{"class":95},"60",[31,76874,99],{"class":41},[31,76876,117],{"class":95},[31,76878,99],{"class":41},[31,76880,112],{"class":95},[31,76882,99],{"class":41},[31,76884,107],{"class":95},[31,76886,99],{"class":41},[31,76888,102],{"class":95},[31,76890,99],{"class":41},[31,76892,1026],{"class":95},[31,76894,59],{"class":41},[14,76896,76897,76898,70],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[264,76899,15486],{"href":57828},[72,76901,1032],{"id":1031},[14,76903,76904],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76906,6056],{},[228,76908,76909,76915],{},[231,76910,76911,76914],{},[28,76912,76913],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[231,76916,76917,76920],{},[28,76918,76919],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76922,76923],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[21,76925,76927],{"className":23,"code":76926,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[28,76928,76929,76977,76981,77000,77019],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,76930,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,76932,252],{"class":37},[31,76934,89],{"class":88},[31,76936,4200],{"class":41},[31,76938,260],{"class":259},[31,76940,264],{"class":263},[31,76942,260],{"class":259},[31,76944,99],{"class":41},[31,76946,271],{"class":259},[31,76948,274],{"class":263},[31,76950,260],{"class":259},[31,76952,99],{"class":41},[31,76954,271],{"class":259},[31,76956,283],{"class":263},[31,76958,260],{"class":259},[31,76960,99],{"class":41},[31,76962,271],{"class":259},[31,76964,292],{"class":263},[31,76966,260],{"class":259},[31,76968,99],{"class":41},[31,76970,271],{"class":259},[31,76972,301],{"class":263},[31,76974,260],{"class":259},[31,76976,59],{"class":41},[31,76978,76979],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,76980,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,76982,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,76984,134],{"class":133},[31,76986,137],{"class":41},[31,76988,353],{"class":140},[31,76990,42],{"class":41},[31,76992,212],{"class":88},[31,76994,146],{"class":95},[31,76996,154],{"class":41},[31,76998,76999],{"class":157},"    # last item\n",[31,77001,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,77003,134],{"class":133},[31,77005,137],{"class":41},[31,77007,353],{"class":140},[31,77009,42],{"class":41},[31,77011,212],{"class":88},[31,77013,173],{"class":95},[31,77015,76510],{"class":41},[31,77017,77018],{"class":157},"   # last 3 items\n",[31,77020,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,77022,134],{"class":133},[31,77024,137],{"class":41},[31,77026,353],{"class":140},[31,77028,170],{"class":41},[31,77030,212],{"class":88},[31,77032,146],{"class":95},[31,77034,154],{"class":41},[31,77036,77037],{"class":157},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,77039,358],{},[21,77041,77043],{"className":23,"code":77042,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[28,77044,77045,77050,77078],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77046,77047],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77048,77049],{"class":37},"e\n",[31,77051,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77053,42],{"class":41},[31,77055,370],{"class":259},[31,77057,283],{"class":263},[31,77059,370],{"class":259},[31,77061,99],{"class":41},[31,77063,379],{"class":259},[31,77065,292],{"class":263},[31,77067,370],{"class":259},[31,77069,99],{"class":41},[31,77071,379],{"class":259},[31,77073,301],{"class":263},[31,77075,370],{"class":259},[31,77077,59],{"class":41},[31,77079,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77081,42],{"class":41},[31,77083,370],{"class":259},[31,77085,264],{"class":263},[31,77087,370],{"class":259},[31,77089,99],{"class":41},[31,77091,379],{"class":259},[31,77093,274],{"class":263},[31,77095,370],{"class":259},[31,77097,99],{"class":41},[31,77099,379],{"class":259},[31,77101,283],{"class":263},[31,77103,370],{"class":259},[31,77105,99],{"class":41},[31,77107,379],{"class":259},[31,77109,292],{"class":263},[31,77111,370],{"class":259},[31,77113,59],{"class":41},[14,77115,13648],{},[228,77117,77118,77121,77125,77131,77137],{},[231,77119,77120],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[231,77122,77123,76914],{},[28,77124,76913],{},[231,77126,77127,77130],{},[28,77128,77129],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[231,77132,77133,77136],{},[28,77134,77135],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[231,77138,77139,77140,4975,77142],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[28,77141,45],{},[28,77143,51],{},[72,77145,77147],{"id":77146},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,77149,62,77150,77152],{},[28,77151,56],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[228,77154,77155,77157,77159,77164,77174],{},[231,77156,1228],{},[231,77158,1231],{},[231,77160,77161,77163],{},[28,77162,76655],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[231,77165,9466,77166,77168,77169,77171,77172],{},[28,77167,56],{}," is negative, ",[28,77170,45],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[28,77173,51],{},[231,77175,77176,77178,77179],{},[28,77177,56],{}," cannot be ",[28,77180,1243],{},[14,77182,77183],{},"Example with different step values:",[21,77185,77187],{"className":23,"code":77186,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[28,77188,77189,77221,77225,77242,77264,77283],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77190,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77192,85],{"class":37},[31,77194,89],{"class":88},[31,77196,4200],{"class":41},[31,77198,96],{"class":95},[31,77200,99],{"class":41},[31,77202,102],{"class":95},[31,77204,99],{"class":41},[31,77206,107],{"class":95},[31,77208,99],{"class":41},[31,77210,112],{"class":95},[31,77212,99],{"class":41},[31,77214,117],{"class":95},[31,77216,99],{"class":41},[31,77218,536],{"class":95},[31,77220,59],{"class":41},[31,77222,77223],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77224,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,77226,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237,77239],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77228,134],{"class":133},[31,77230,137],{"class":41},[31,77232,141],{"class":140},[31,77234,190],{"class":41},[31,77236,193],{"class":95},[31,77238,154],{"class":41},[31,77240,77241],{"class":157},"     # every second item\n",[31,77243,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77257,77259,77261],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,77245,134],{"class":133},[31,77247,137],{"class":41},[31,77249,141],{"class":140},[31,77251,42],{"class":41},[31,77253,146],{"class":95},[31,77255,77256],{"class":41},"::",[31,77258,193],{"class":95},[31,77260,154],{"class":41},[31,77262,77263],{"class":157},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[31,77265,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,77267,134],{"class":133},[31,77269,137],{"class":41},[31,77271,141],{"class":140},[31,77273,190],{"class":41},[31,77275,212],{"class":88},[31,77277,146],{"class":95},[31,77279,154],{"class":41},[31,77281,77282],{"class":157},"    # reverse the list\n",[31,77284,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305,77307],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,77286,134],{"class":133},[31,77288,137],{"class":41},[31,77290,141],{"class":140},[31,77292,42],{"class":41},[31,77294,151],{"class":95},[31,77296,48],{"class":41},[31,77298,146],{"class":95},[31,77300,48],{"class":41},[31,77302,212],{"class":88},[31,77304,146],{"class":95},[31,77306,154],{"class":41},[31,77308,77309],{"class":157},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,77311,358],{},[21,77313,77315],{"className":23,"code":77314,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[28,77316,77317,77333,77349,77377],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77318,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77320,42],{"class":41},[31,77322,96],{"class":95},[31,77324,99],{"class":41},[31,77326,107],{"class":95},[31,77328,99],{"class":41},[31,77330,117],{"class":95},[31,77332,59],{"class":41},[31,77334,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77336,42],{"class":41},[31,77338,580],{"class":95},[31,77340,99],{"class":41},[31,77342,112],{"class":95},[31,77344,99],{"class":41},[31,77346,536],{"class":95},[31,77348,59],{"class":41},[31,77350,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359,77361,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77352,42],{"class":41},[31,77354,76872],{"class":95},[31,77356,99],{"class":41},[31,77358,117],{"class":95},[31,77360,99],{"class":41},[31,77362,112],{"class":95},[31,77364,99],{"class":41},[31,77366,107],{"class":95},[31,77368,99],{"class":41},[31,77370,102],{"class":95},[31,77372,99],{"class":41},[31,77374,1026],{"class":95},[31,77376,59],{"class":41},[31,77378,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,77380,42],{"class":41},[31,77382,1009],{"class":95},[31,77384,99],{"class":41},[31,77386,112],{"class":95},[31,77388,99],{"class":41},[31,77390,107],{"class":95},[31,77392,59],{"class":41},[14,77394,77395,77396,70],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[264,77397,77398],{"href":75410},"how to reverse a list in Python",[613,77400,77402],{"id":77401},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,77404,3414],{},[21,77406,77408],{"className":23,"code":77407,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[28,77409,77410,77430],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77411,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77413,85],{"class":37},[31,77415,89],{"class":88},[31,77417,4200],{"class":41},[31,77419,146],{"class":95},[31,77421,99],{"class":41},[31,77423,3571],{"class":95},[31,77425,99],{"class":41},[31,77427,3027],{"class":95},[31,77429,59],{"class":41},[31,77431,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77433,134],{"class":133},[31,77435,137],{"class":41},[31,77437,141],{"class":140},[31,77439,190],{"class":41},[31,77441,1243],{"class":95},[31,77443,566],{"class":41},[14,77445,77446,77447,77449,77450,77452],{},"Python raises a ",[28,77448,41309],{}," because a slice step of ",[28,77451,1243],{}," does not make sense.",[72,77454,77456],{"id":77455},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,77458,77459],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[613,77461,1797],{"id":77462},"indexing-gets-one-item",[21,77464,77466],{"className":23,"code":77465,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[28,77467,77468,77492,77496],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77469,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77471,85],{"class":37},[31,77473,89],{"class":88},[31,77475,4200],{"class":41},[31,77477,96],{"class":95},[31,77479,99],{"class":41},[31,77481,102],{"class":95},[31,77483,99],{"class":41},[31,77485,107],{"class":95},[31,77487,99],{"class":41},[31,77489,112],{"class":95},[31,77491,59],{"class":41},[31,77493,77494],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77495,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,77497,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77499,134],{"class":133},[31,77501,137],{"class":41},[31,77503,141],{"class":140},[31,77505,42],{"class":41},[31,77507,193],{"class":95},[31,77509,566],{"class":41},[14,77511,358],{},[21,77513,77514],{"className":23,"code":70448,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,77515,77516],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77517,77518],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77519,70448],{"class":95},[613,77521,77523],{"id":77522},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[21,77525,77527],{"className":23,"code":77526,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[28,77528,77529,77553,77557],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77530,77531,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77532,85],{"class":37},[31,77534,89],{"class":88},[31,77536,4200],{"class":41},[31,77538,96],{"class":95},[31,77540,99],{"class":41},[31,77542,102],{"class":95},[31,77544,99],{"class":41},[31,77546,107],{"class":95},[31,77548,99],{"class":41},[31,77550,112],{"class":95},[31,77552,59],{"class":41},[31,77554,77555],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77556,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,77558,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77560,134],{"class":133},[31,77562,137],{"class":41},[31,77564,141],{"class":140},[31,77566,42],{"class":41},[31,77568,193],{"class":95},[31,77570,48],{"class":41},[31,77572,173],{"class":95},[31,77574,566],{"class":41},[14,77576,358],{},[21,77578,77580],{"className":23,"code":77579,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[30]\n",[28,77581,77582],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77583,77584,77586,77588],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77585,42],{"class":41},[31,77587,764],{"class":95},[31,77589,59],{"class":41},[14,77591,14360],{},[228,77593,77594,77600],{},[231,77595,77596,77599],{},[28,77597,77598],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[231,77601,77602,77605],{},[28,77603,77604],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77607,77608],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[228,77610,77611,77614],{},[231,77612,77613],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[231,77615,77616],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77618,242],{},[21,77620,77622],{"className":23,"code":77621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[28,77623,77624,77644,77648],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77625,77626,77628,77630,77632,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77627,85],{"class":37},[31,77629,89],{"class":88},[31,77631,4200],{"class":41},[31,77633,96],{"class":95},[31,77635,99],{"class":41},[31,77637,102],{"class":95},[31,77639,99],{"class":41},[31,77641,107],{"class":95},[31,77643,59],{"class":41},[31,77645,77646],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77647,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77651,134],{"class":133},[31,77653,137],{"class":41},[31,77655,141],{"class":140},[31,77657,42],{"class":41},[31,77659,559],{"class":95},[31,77661,48],{"class":41},[31,77663,96],{"class":95},[31,77665,566],{"class":41},[14,77667,358],{},[21,77669,77670],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,77671,77672],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77673,77674],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77675,38902],{"class":41},[14,77677,77678],{},"But this would raise an error:",[21,77680,77682],{"className":23,"code":77681,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[28,77683,77684,77704,77708],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77685,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77687,85],{"class":37},[31,77689,89],{"class":88},[31,77691,4200],{"class":41},[31,77693,96],{"class":95},[31,77695,99],{"class":41},[31,77697,102],{"class":95},[31,77699,99],{"class":41},[31,77701,107],{"class":95},[31,77703,59],{"class":41},[31,77705,77706],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77707,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,77709,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77711,134],{"class":133},[31,77713,137],{"class":41},[31,77715,141],{"class":140},[31,77717,42],{"class":41},[31,77719,559],{"class":95},[31,77721,566],{"class":41},[14,77723,77724,77725,70],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[264,77726,69867],{"href":69866},[72,77728,1987],{"id":1986},[14,77730,77731],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[228,77733,77734,77738,77740,77743,77749],{},[231,77735,5287,77736,76338],{},[28,77737,51],{},[231,77739,1998],{},[231,77741,77742],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[231,77744,37808,77745,9295,77747],{},[28,77746,76655],{},[28,77748,74131],{},[231,77750,77751,77752,77754],{},"Using step ",[28,77753,1243],{},", which causes an error",[613,77756,77758],{"id":77757},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[21,77760,77762],{"className":23,"code":77761,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[28,77763,77764,77792],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77765,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77767,85],{"class":37},[31,77769,89],{"class":88},[31,77771,4200],{"class":41},[31,77773,96],{"class":95},[31,77775,99],{"class":41},[31,77777,102],{"class":95},[31,77779,99],{"class":41},[31,77781,107],{"class":95},[31,77783,99],{"class":41},[31,77785,112],{"class":95},[31,77787,99],{"class":41},[31,77789,117],{"class":95},[31,77791,59],{"class":41},[31,77793,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77795,134],{"class":133},[31,77797,137],{"class":41},[31,77799,141],{"class":140},[31,77801,42],{"class":41},[31,77803,146],{"class":95},[31,77805,48],{"class":41},[31,77807,151],{"class":95},[31,77809,566],{"class":41},[14,77811,77812],{},"This returns:",[21,77814,77816],{"className":23,"code":77815,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[28,77817,77818],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77819,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77821,42],{"class":41},[31,77823,580],{"class":95},[31,77825,99],{"class":41},[31,77827,107],{"class":95},[31,77829,99],{"class":41},[31,77831,112],{"class":95},[31,77833,59],{"class":41},[14,77835,41511,77836,77838,77839,77841,77842,70],{},[67,77837,5213],{}," include ",[28,77840,1009],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[28,77843,151],{},[613,77845,77847],{"id":77846},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77849,17241],{},[21,77851,77853],{"className":23,"code":77852,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[28,77854,77855,77875],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77856,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77858,85],{"class":37},[31,77860,89],{"class":88},[31,77862,4200],{"class":41},[31,77864,96],{"class":95},[31,77866,99],{"class":41},[31,77868,102],{"class":95},[31,77870,99],{"class":41},[31,77872,107],{"class":95},[31,77874,59],{"class":41},[31,77876,77877],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77878,77879],{"class":157},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77881,77882],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[21,77884,77886],{"className":23,"code":77885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[28,77887,77888],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77889,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77891,134],{"class":133},[31,77893,137],{"class":41},[31,77895,141],{"class":140},[31,77897,42],{"class":41},[31,77899,146],{"class":95},[31,77901,48],{"class":41},[31,77903,173],{"class":95},[31,77905,566],{"class":41},[613,77907,77909],{"id":77908},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77911,77912],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[21,77914,77916],{"className":23,"code":77915,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,77917,77918,77942,77956,77960,77970],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77919,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77921,85],{"class":37},[31,77923,89],{"class":88},[31,77925,4200],{"class":41},[31,77927,96],{"class":95},[31,77929,99],{"class":41},[31,77931,102],{"class":95},[31,77933,99],{"class":41},[31,77935,107],{"class":95},[31,77937,99],{"class":41},[31,77939,112],{"class":95},[31,77941,59],{"class":41},[31,77943,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,77945,314],{"class":37},[31,77947,89],{"class":88},[31,77949,1527],{"class":37},[31,77951,170],{"class":41},[31,77953,193],{"class":95},[31,77955,59],{"class":41},[31,77957,77958],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,77959,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,77961,77962,77964,77966,77968],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,77963,134],{"class":133},[31,77965,137],{"class":41},[31,77967,342],{"class":140},[31,77969,120],{"class":41},[31,77971,77972,77974,77976,77978],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,77973,134],{"class":133},[31,77975,137],{"class":41},[31,77977,141],{"class":140},[31,77979,120],{"class":41},[14,77981,358],{},[21,77983,77985],{"className":23,"code":77984,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[28,77986,77987,77999],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,77988,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,77990,42],{"class":41},[31,77992,96],{"class":95},[31,77994,99],{"class":41},[31,77996,102],{"class":95},[31,77998,59],{"class":41},[31,78000,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78002,42],{"class":41},[31,78004,96],{"class":95},[31,78006,99],{"class":41},[31,78008,102],{"class":95},[31,78010,99],{"class":41},[31,78012,107],{"class":95},[31,78014,99],{"class":41},[31,78016,112],{"class":95},[31,78018,59],{"class":41},[14,78020,78021],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[613,78023,78025,78026,9295,78028],{"id":78024},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[28,78027,76655],{},[28,78029,74131],{},[21,78031,78033],{"className":23,"code":78032,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,78034,78035,78055,78059,78076,78087],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78036,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78038,85],{"class":37},[31,78040,89],{"class":88},[31,78042,4200],{"class":41},[31,78044,96],{"class":95},[31,78046,99],{"class":41},[31,78048,102],{"class":95},[31,78050,99],{"class":41},[31,78052,107],{"class":95},[31,78054,59],{"class":41},[31,78056,78057],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78058,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,78060,78061,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78062,78063],{"class":37},"reversed_copy ",[31,78065,89],{"class":88},[31,78067,1527],{"class":37},[31,78069,190],{"class":41},[31,78071,212],{"class":88},[31,78073,146],{"class":95},[31,78075,59],{"class":41},[31,78077,78078,78080,78082,78085],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,78079,134],{"class":133},[31,78081,137],{"class":41},[31,78083,78084],{"class":140},"reversed_copy",[31,78086,120],{"class":41},[31,78088,78089,78091,78093,78095],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,78090,134],{"class":133},[31,78092,137],{"class":41},[31,78094,141],{"class":140},[31,78096,120],{"class":41},[14,78098,358],{},[21,78100,78102],{"className":23,"code":78101,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[28,78103,78104,78120],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78105,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78107,42],{"class":41},[31,78109,764],{"class":95},[31,78111,99],{"class":41},[31,78113,102],{"class":95},[31,78115,99],{"class":41},[31,78117,1026],{"class":95},[31,78119,59],{"class":41},[31,78121,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78123,42],{"class":41},[31,78125,96],{"class":95},[31,78127,99],{"class":41},[31,78129,102],{"class":95},[31,78131,99],{"class":41},[31,78133,107],{"class":95},[31,78135,59],{"class":41},[14,78137,78138,78141],{},[28,78139,78140],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,78143,78144,78145,78148],{},"By contrast, ",[28,78146,78147],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[613,78150,78152],{"id":78151},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,78154,78155],{},"This is not allowed:",[21,78157,78159],{"className":23,"code":78158,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[28,78160,78161,78181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78162,78163,78165,78167,78169,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78164,85],{"class":37},[31,78166,89],{"class":88},[31,78168,4200],{"class":41},[31,78170,96],{"class":95},[31,78172,99],{"class":41},[31,78174,102],{"class":95},[31,78176,99],{"class":41},[31,78178,107],{"class":95},[31,78180,59],{"class":41},[31,78182,78183],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78184,78185],{"class":157},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,78187,78188,78189,70],{},"Python will raise a ",[28,78190,41309],{},[72,78192,78194],{"id":78193},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,78196,78197],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[228,78199,78200,78207,78213,78216,78219],{},[231,78201,37808,78202,4975,78204,78206],{},[28,78203,45],{},[28,78205,51],{}," positions",[231,78208,78209,78210,78212],{},"Assuming the ",[28,78211,51],{}," index is included",[231,78214,78215],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[231,78217,78218],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[231,78220,78221],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,78223,78224],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[21,78226,78228],{"className":23,"code":78227,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[28,78229,78230,78240,78254,78272,78286,78302],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78231,78232,78234,78236,78238],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78233,134],{"class":133},[31,78235,137],{"class":41},[31,78237,8928],{"class":140},[31,78239,120],{"class":41},[31,78241,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78243,134],{"class":133},[31,78245,137],{"class":41},[31,78247,2408],{"class":133},[31,78249,137],{"class":41},[31,78251,8928],{"class":140},[31,78253,1569],{"class":41},[31,78255,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78257,134],{"class":133},[31,78259,137],{"class":41},[31,78261,8928],{"class":140},[31,78263,42],{"class":41},[31,78265,146],{"class":95},[31,78267,48],{"class":41},[31,78269,151],{"class":95},[31,78271,566],{"class":41},[31,78273,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,78275,134],{"class":133},[31,78277,137],{"class":41},[31,78279,8928],{"class":140},[31,78281,170],{"class":41},[31,78283,173],{"class":95},[31,78285,566],{"class":41},[31,78287,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,78289,134],{"class":133},[31,78291,137],{"class":41},[31,78293,8928],{"class":140},[31,78295,42],{"class":41},[31,78297,212],{"class":88},[31,78299,173],{"class":95},[31,78301,750],{"class":41},[31,78303,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,78305,134],{"class":133},[31,78307,137],{"class":41},[31,78309,8928],{"class":140},[31,78311,190],{"class":41},[31,78313,212],{"class":88},[31,78315,146],{"class":95},[31,78317,566],{"class":41},[14,78319,9007,78320,78322,78323,78327],{},[28,78321,42967],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[264,78324,78326],{"href":78325},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[72,78329,2435],{"id":2434},[613,78331,78333],{"id":78332},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,78335,78336],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[613,78338,78340],{"id":78339},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,78342,78343],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[613,78345,2453,78347,2456],{"id":78346},"what-does-list-1-do",[28,78348,76655],{},[14,78350,78351],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[613,78353,78355,78356,2466],{"id":78354},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[28,78357,1806],{},[14,78359,78360],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[72,78362,2475],{"id":2474},[228,78364,78365,78370,78375,78379,78383,78387],{},[231,78366,78367],{},[264,78368,78369],{"href":51587},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[231,78371,78372],{},[264,78373,78374],{"href":57762},"How to create a list in Python",[231,78376,78377],{},[264,78378,15563],{"href":57828},[231,78380,78381],{},[264,78382,75411],{"href":75410},[231,78384,78385],{},[264,78386,78326],{"href":78325},[231,78388,78389],{},[264,78390,69867],{"href":69866},[14,78392,78393,78394,78396],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[28,78395,42967],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2499,78398,78399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":78401},[78402,78403,78404,78405,78406,78407,78410,78414,78422,78423,78431],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":76190,"depth":123,"text":76191},{"id":76350,"depth":123,"text":76351},{"id":607,"depth":123,"text":608},{"id":1031,"depth":123,"text":1032},{"id":77146,"depth":123,"text":77147,"children":78408},[78409],{"id":77401,"depth":130,"text":77402},{"id":77455,"depth":123,"text":77456,"children":78411},[78412,78413],{"id":77462,"depth":130,"text":1797},{"id":77522,"depth":130,"text":77523},{"id":1986,"depth":123,"text":1987,"children":78415},[78416,78417,78418,78419,78421],{"id":77757,"depth":130,"text":77758},{"id":77846,"depth":130,"text":77847},{"id":77908,"depth":130,"text":77909},{"id":78024,"depth":130,"text":78420},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78151,"depth":130,"text":78152},{"id":78193,"depth":123,"text":78194},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":78424},[78425,78426,78427,78429],{"id":78332,"depth":130,"text":78333},{"id":78339,"depth":130,"text":78340},{"id":78346,"depth":130,"text":78428},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78354,"depth":130,"text":78430},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":76017,"description":78432},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78439,"title":78440,"body":78441,"description":80510,"extension":2542,"meta":80511,"navigation":126,"path":80512,"seo":80513,"stem":80514,"__hash__":80515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78442,"toc":80476},[78443,78448,78454,78460,78462,78509,78516,78521,78525,78540,78543,78596,78598,78623,78628,78630,78662,78665,78681,78683,78744,78746,78771,78775,78780,78833,78835,78860,78865,78926,78928,78953,78956,78963,78967,78970,79031,79033,79066,79069,79130,79132,79165,79171,79244,79246,79278,79285,79290,79295,79297,79309,79312,79390,79392,79433,79436,79510,79512,79545,79550,79557,79564,79568,79577,79581,79589,79591,79658,79660,79696,79701,79712,79714,79719,79724,79726,79789,79791,79816,79823,79828,79832,79835,79875,79880,79886,79891,79893,79920,79925,79928,79975,79977,80034,80041,80046,80052,80121,80125,80128,80191,80193,80226,80231,80233,80236,80317,80319,80343,80349,80351,80356,80360,80367,80375,80379,80381,80404,80408,80410,80437,80440,80447,80450,80452,80473],[10,78444,54951,78446,11914],{"id":78445},"python-list-sort-method",[28,78447,64920],{},[14,78449,78450,78453],{},[28,78451,78452],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,78455,78456,78457,78459],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[28,78458,64920],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[72,78461,75],{"id":74},[21,78463,78465],{"className":23,"code":78464,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,78466,78467,78487,78497],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78468,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78470,85],{"class":37},[31,78472,89],{"class":88},[31,78474,4200],{"class":41},[31,78476,173],{"class":95},[31,78478,99],{"class":41},[31,78480,6082],{"class":95},[31,78482,99],{"class":41},[31,78484,3571],{"class":95},[31,78486,59],{"class":41},[31,78488,78489,78491,78493,78495],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78490,141],{"class":37},[31,78492,70],{"class":41},[31,78494,35404],{"class":140},[31,78496,1772],{"class":41},[31,78498,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78500,134],{"class":133},[31,78502,137],{"class":41},[31,78504,141],{"class":140},[31,78506,4238],{"class":41},[31,78508,55541],{"class":157},[14,78510,2668,78511,78513,78514,70],{},[28,78512,78452],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[28,78515,4357],{},[72,78517,4255,78519,4258],{"id":78518},"what-listsort-does",[28,78520,78452],{},[14,78522,78523,48],{},[28,78524,78452],{},[228,78526,78527,78530,78533,78537],{},[231,78528,78529],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[231,78531,78532],{},"Changes the original list",[231,78534,12016,78535],{},[28,78536,4357],{},[231,78538,78539],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78541,78542],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[21,78544,78546],{"className":23,"code":78545,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,78547,78548,78572,78582,78586],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78549,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78551,85],{"class":37},[31,78553,89],{"class":88},[31,78555,4200],{"class":41},[31,78557,559],{"class":95},[31,78559,99],{"class":41},[31,78561,3571],{"class":95},[31,78563,99],{"class":41},[31,78565,54745],{"class":95},[31,78567,99],{"class":41},[31,78569,6082],{"class":95},[31,78571,59],{"class":41},[31,78573,78574,78576,78578,78580],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78575,141],{"class":37},[31,78577,70],{"class":41},[31,78579,35404],{"class":140},[31,78581,1772],{"class":41},[31,78583,78584],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78585,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,78587,78588,78590,78592,78594],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,78589,134],{"class":133},[31,78591,137],{"class":41},[31,78593,141],{"class":140},[31,78595,120],{"class":41},[14,78597,358],{},[21,78599,78601],{"className":23,"code":78600,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[28,78602,78603],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78604,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78606,42],{"class":41},[31,78608,146],{"class":95},[31,78610,99],{"class":41},[31,78612,3571],{"class":95},[31,78614,99],{"class":41},[31,78616,5187],{"class":95},[31,78618,99],{"class":41},[31,78620,54745],{"class":95},[31,78622,59],{"class":41},[14,78624,78625,78626,70],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[264,78627,67685],{"href":51587},[72,78629,2733],{"id":2732},[21,78631,78633],{"className":23,"code":78632,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[28,78634,78635],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78636,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78656,78658,78660],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78638,8928],{"class":37},[31,78640,70],{"class":41},[31,78642,35404],{"class":140},[31,78644,137],{"class":41},[31,78646,15439],{"class":9767},[31,78648,89],{"class":88},[31,78650,4357],{"class":4432},[31,78652,99],{"class":41},[31,78654,78655],{"class":9767}," reverse",[31,78657,89],{"class":88},[31,78659,4251],{"class":4432},[31,78661,120],{"class":41},[14,78663,78664],{},"Main arguments:",[228,78666,78667,78672,78678],{},[231,78668,78669,78671],{},[28,78670,15439],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[231,78673,78674,78677],{},[28,78675,78676],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[231,78679,78680],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78682,242],{},[21,78684,78686],{"className":23,"code":78685,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,78687,78688,78712,78730,78734],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78689,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78691,85],{"class":37},[31,78693,89],{"class":88},[31,78695,4200],{"class":41},[31,78697,151],{"class":95},[31,78699,99],{"class":41},[31,78701,6082],{"class":95},[31,78703,99],{"class":41},[31,78705,6578],{"class":95},[31,78707,99],{"class":41},[31,78709,3571],{"class":95},[31,78711,59],{"class":41},[31,78713,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78715,141],{"class":37},[31,78717,70],{"class":41},[31,78719,35404],{"class":140},[31,78721,137],{"class":41},[31,78723,74182],{"class":9767},[31,78725,89],{"class":88},[31,78727,4181],{"class":4432},[31,78729,120],{"class":41},[31,78731,78732],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78733,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,78735,78736,78738,78740,78742],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,78737,134],{"class":133},[31,78739,137],{"class":41},[31,78741,141],{"class":140},[31,78743,120],{"class":41},[14,78745,358],{},[21,78747,78749],{"className":23,"code":78748,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[28,78750,78751],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78752,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78754,42],{"class":41},[31,78756,2602],{"class":95},[31,78758,99],{"class":41},[31,78760,3033],{"class":95},[31,78762,99],{"class":41},[31,78764,3571],{"class":95},[31,78766,99],{"class":41},[31,78768,6082],{"class":95},[31,78770,59],{"class":41},[72,78772,78774],{"id":78773},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78776,2668,78777,78779],{},[28,78778,64920],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[21,78781,78783],{"className":23,"code":78782,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,78784,78785,78809,78819,78823],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78786,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78788,85],{"class":37},[31,78790,89],{"class":88},[31,78792,4200],{"class":41},[31,78794,96],{"class":95},[31,78796,99],{"class":41},[31,78798,3027],{"class":95},[31,78800,99],{"class":41},[31,78802,6944],{"class":95},[31,78804,99],{"class":41},[31,78806,6082],{"class":95},[31,78808,59],{"class":41},[31,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78812,141],{"class":37},[31,78814,70],{"class":41},[31,78816,35404],{"class":140},[31,78818,1772],{"class":41},[31,78820,78821],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78822,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,78824,78825,78827,78829,78831],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,78826,134],{"class":133},[31,78828,137],{"class":41},[31,78830,141],{"class":140},[31,78832,120],{"class":41},[14,78834,358],{},[21,78836,78838],{"className":23,"code":78837,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[28,78839,78840],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78841,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78843,42],{"class":41},[31,78845,146],{"class":95},[31,78847,99],{"class":41},[31,78849,3027],{"class":95},[31,78851,99],{"class":41},[31,78853,6944],{"class":95},[31,78855,99],{"class":41},[31,78857,1026],{"class":95},[31,78859,59],{"class":41},[14,78861,2668,78862,78864],{},[28,78863,78676],{}," for descending order:",[21,78866,78868],{"className":23,"code":78867,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,78869,78870,78894,78912,78916],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78873,85],{"class":37},[31,78875,89],{"class":88},[31,78877,4200],{"class":41},[31,78879,96],{"class":95},[31,78881,99],{"class":41},[31,78883,3027],{"class":95},[31,78885,99],{"class":41},[31,78887,6944],{"class":95},[31,78889,99],{"class":41},[31,78891,6082],{"class":95},[31,78893,59],{"class":41},[31,78895,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,78897,141],{"class":37},[31,78899,70],{"class":41},[31,78901,35404],{"class":140},[31,78903,137],{"class":41},[31,78905,74182],{"class":9767},[31,78907,89],{"class":88},[31,78909,4181],{"class":4432},[31,78911,120],{"class":41},[31,78913,78914],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,78915,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,78919,134],{"class":133},[31,78921,137],{"class":41},[31,78923,141],{"class":140},[31,78925,120],{"class":41},[14,78927,358],{},[21,78929,78931],{"className":23,"code":78930,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[28,78932,78933],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78934,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78936,42],{"class":41},[31,78938,96],{"class":95},[31,78940,99],{"class":41},[31,78942,6944],{"class":95},[31,78944,99],{"class":41},[31,78946,3027],{"class":95},[31,78948,99],{"class":41},[31,78950,6082],{"class":95},[31,78952,59],{"class":41},[14,78954,78955],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78957,78958,78959,70],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[264,78960,78962],{"href":78961},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[72,78964,78966],{"id":78965},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78968,78969],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[21,78971,78973],{"className":23,"code":78972,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,78974,78975,79007,79017,79021],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,78976,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,78978,4651],{"class":37},[31,78980,89],{"class":88},[31,78982,4200],{"class":41},[31,78984,260],{"class":259},[31,78986,4669],{"class":263},[31,78988,260],{"class":259},[31,78990,99],{"class":41},[31,78992,271],{"class":259},[31,78994,4660],{"class":263},[31,78996,260],{"class":259},[31,78998,99],{"class":41},[31,79000,271],{"class":259},[31,79002,4678],{"class":263},[31,79004,260],{"class":259},[31,79006,59],{"class":41},[31,79008,79009,79011,79013,79015],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79010,4695],{"class":37},[31,79012,70],{"class":41},[31,79014,35404],{"class":140},[31,79016,1772],{"class":41},[31,79018,79019],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79020,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79022,79023,79025,79027,79029],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79024,134],{"class":133},[31,79026,137],{"class":41},[31,79028,4695],{"class":140},[31,79030,120],{"class":41},[14,79032,358],{},[21,79034,79036],{"className":23,"code":79035,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[28,79037,79038],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79039,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79041,42],{"class":41},[31,79043,370],{"class":259},[31,79045,4660],{"class":263},[31,79047,370],{"class":259},[31,79049,99],{"class":41},[31,79051,379],{"class":259},[31,79053,4669],{"class":263},[31,79055,370],{"class":259},[31,79057,99],{"class":41},[31,79059,379],{"class":259},[31,79061,4678],{"class":263},[31,79063,370],{"class":259},[31,79065,59],{"class":41},[14,79067,79068],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[21,79070,79072],{"className":23,"code":79071,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,79073,79074,79106,79116,79120],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79075,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79077,4651],{"class":37},[31,79079,89],{"class":88},[31,79081,4200],{"class":41},[31,79083,260],{"class":259},[31,79085,4669],{"class":263},[31,79087,260],{"class":259},[31,79089,99],{"class":41},[31,79091,271],{"class":259},[31,79093,58377],{"class":263},[31,79095,260],{"class":259},[31,79097,99],{"class":41},[31,79099,271],{"class":259},[31,79101,4678],{"class":263},[31,79103,260],{"class":259},[31,79105,59],{"class":41},[31,79107,79108,79110,79112,79114],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79109,4695],{"class":37},[31,79111,70],{"class":41},[31,79113,35404],{"class":140},[31,79115,1772],{"class":41},[31,79117,79118],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79119,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79121,79122,79124,79126,79128],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79123,134],{"class":133},[31,79125,137],{"class":41},[31,79127,4695],{"class":140},[31,79129,120],{"class":41},[14,79131,358],{},[21,79133,79135],{"className":23,"code":79134,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[28,79136,79137],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79138,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79140,42],{"class":41},[31,79142,370],{"class":259},[31,79144,58377],{"class":263},[31,79146,370],{"class":259},[31,79148,99],{"class":41},[31,79150,379],{"class":259},[31,79152,4669],{"class":263},[31,79154,370],{"class":259},[31,79156,99],{"class":41},[31,79158,379],{"class":259},[31,79160,4678],{"class":263},[31,79162,370],{"class":259},[31,79164,59],{"class":41},[14,79166,79167,79168,48],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[28,79169,79170],{},"key=str.lower",[21,79172,79174],{"className":23,"code":79173,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,79175,79176,79208,79230,79234],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79179,4651],{"class":37},[31,79181,89],{"class":88},[31,79183,4200],{"class":41},[31,79185,260],{"class":259},[31,79187,4669],{"class":263},[31,79189,260],{"class":259},[31,79191,99],{"class":41},[31,79193,271],{"class":259},[31,79195,58377],{"class":263},[31,79197,260],{"class":259},[31,79199,99],{"class":41},[31,79201,271],{"class":259},[31,79203,4678],{"class":263},[31,79205,260],{"class":259},[31,79207,59],{"class":41},[31,79209,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79211,4695],{"class":37},[31,79213,70],{"class":41},[31,79215,35404],{"class":140},[31,79217,137],{"class":41},[31,79219,15439],{"class":9767},[31,79221,89],{"class":88},[31,79223,4019],{"class":1561},[31,79225,70],{"class":41},[31,79227,9231],{"class":25350},[31,79229,120],{"class":41},[31,79231,79232],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79233,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79235,79236,79238,79240,79242],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79237,134],{"class":133},[31,79239,137],{"class":41},[31,79241,4695],{"class":140},[31,79243,120],{"class":41},[14,79245,358],{},[21,79247,79248],{"className":23,"code":79134,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,79249,79250],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79251,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79253,42],{"class":41},[31,79255,370],{"class":259},[31,79257,58377],{"class":263},[31,79259,370],{"class":259},[31,79261,99],{"class":41},[31,79263,379],{"class":259},[31,79265,4669],{"class":263},[31,79267,370],{"class":259},[31,79269,99],{"class":41},[31,79271,379],{"class":259},[31,79273,4678],{"class":263},[31,79275,370],{"class":259},[31,79277,59],{"class":41},[14,79279,79280,79281,79284],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[28,79282,79283],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[72,79286,37217,79288,37220],{"id":79287},"using-the-key-argument",[28,79289,15439],{},[14,79291,62,79292,79294],{},[28,79293,15439],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,79296,7930],{},[228,79298,79299,79304],{},[231,79300,79301,79303],{},[28,79302,2408],{}," to sort by length",[231,79305,79306,79308],{},[28,79307,79283],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,79310,79311],{},"Sort words by length:",[21,79313,79315],{"className":23,"code":79314,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,79316,79317,79358,79376,79380],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79318,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79320,4651],{"class":37},[31,79322,89],{"class":88},[31,79324,4200],{"class":41},[31,79326,260],{"class":259},[31,79328,79329],{"class":263},"pear",[31,79331,260],{"class":259},[31,79333,99],{"class":41},[31,79335,271],{"class":259},[31,79337,4669],{"class":263},[31,79339,260],{"class":259},[31,79341,99],{"class":41},[31,79343,271],{"class":259},[31,79345,38963],{"class":263},[31,79347,260],{"class":259},[31,79349,99],{"class":41},[31,79351,271],{"class":259},[31,79353,4660],{"class":263},[31,79355,260],{"class":259},[31,79357,59],{"class":41},[31,79359,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79361,4695],{"class":37},[31,79363,70],{"class":41},[31,79365,35404],{"class":140},[31,79367,137],{"class":41},[31,79369,15439],{"class":9767},[31,79371,89],{"class":88},[31,79373,2408],{"class":133},[31,79375,120],{"class":41},[31,79377,79378],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79379,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79381,79382,79384,79386,79388],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79383,134],{"class":133},[31,79385,137],{"class":41},[31,79387,4695],{"class":140},[31,79389,120],{"class":41},[14,79391,358],{},[21,79393,79395],{"className":23,"code":79394,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[28,79396,79397],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79398,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79400,42],{"class":41},[31,79402,370],{"class":259},[31,79404,38963],{"class":263},[31,79406,370],{"class":259},[31,79408,99],{"class":41},[31,79410,379],{"class":259},[31,79412,79329],{"class":263},[31,79414,370],{"class":259},[31,79416,99],{"class":41},[31,79418,379],{"class":259},[31,79420,4660],{"class":263},[31,79422,370],{"class":259},[31,79424,99],{"class":41},[31,79426,379],{"class":259},[31,79428,4669],{"class":263},[31,79430,370],{"class":259},[31,79432,59],{"class":41},[14,79434,79435],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[21,79437,79439],{"className":23,"code":79438,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,79440,79441,79474,79496,79500],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79442,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79470,79472],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79444,4651],{"class":37},[31,79446,89],{"class":88},[31,79448,4200],{"class":41},[31,79450,260],{"class":259},[31,79452,5596],{"class":263},[31,79454,260],{"class":259},[31,79456,99],{"class":41},[31,79458,271],{"class":259},[31,79460,18402],{"class":263},[31,79462,260],{"class":259},[31,79464,99],{"class":41},[31,79466,271],{"class":259},[31,79468,79469],{"class":263},"Carol",[31,79471,260],{"class":259},[31,79473,59],{"class":41},[31,79475,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79477,4695],{"class":37},[31,79479,70],{"class":41},[31,79481,35404],{"class":140},[31,79483,137],{"class":41},[31,79485,15439],{"class":9767},[31,79487,89],{"class":88},[31,79489,4019],{"class":1561},[31,79491,70],{"class":41},[31,79493,9231],{"class":25350},[31,79495,120],{"class":41},[31,79497,79498],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79499,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79501,79502,79504,79506,79508],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79503,134],{"class":133},[31,79505,137],{"class":41},[31,79507,4695],{"class":140},[31,79509,120],{"class":41},[14,79511,358],{},[21,79513,79515],{"className":23,"code":79514,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[28,79516,79517],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79520,42],{"class":41},[31,79522,370],{"class":259},[31,79524,18402],{"class":263},[31,79526,370],{"class":259},[31,79528,99],{"class":41},[31,79530,379],{"class":259},[31,79532,5596],{"class":263},[31,79534,370],{"class":259},[31,79536,99],{"class":41},[31,79538,379],{"class":259},[31,79540,79469],{"class":263},[31,79542,370],{"class":259},[31,79544,59],{"class":41},[14,79546,62,79547,79549],{},[28,79548,15439],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[72,79551,79553,11177,79555],{"id":79552},"listsort-vs-sorted",[28,79554,78452],{},[28,79556,75028],{},[14,79558,79559,4975,79561,79563],{},[28,79560,78452],{},[28,79562,75028],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79565,79566,48],{},[28,79567,78452],{},[228,79569,79570,79573],{},[231,79571,79572],{},"Changes the existing list",[231,79574,12016,79575],{},[28,79576,4357],{},[14,79578,79579,48],{},[28,79580,75028],{},[228,79582,79583,79586],{},[231,79584,79585],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[231,79587,79588],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79590,242],{},[21,79592,79594],{"className":23,"code":79593,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[28,79595,79596,79616,79620,79634,79638,79648],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79597,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79599,85],{"class":37},[31,79601,89],{"class":88},[31,79603,4200],{"class":41},[31,79605,173],{"class":95},[31,79607,99],{"class":41},[31,79609,6082],{"class":95},[31,79611,99],{"class":41},[31,79613,3571],{"class":95},[31,79615,59],{"class":41},[31,79617,79618],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79619,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79621,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79623,56499],{"class":37},[31,79625,89],{"class":88},[31,79627,75162],{"class":133},[31,79629,137],{"class":41},[31,79631,141],{"class":140},[31,79633,120],{"class":41},[31,79635,79636],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79637,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79639,79640,79642,79644,79646],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,79641,134],{"class":133},[31,79643,137],{"class":41},[31,79645,141],{"class":140},[31,79647,120],{"class":41},[31,79649,79650,79652,79654,79656],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,79651,134],{"class":133},[31,79653,137],{"class":41},[31,79655,74885],{"class":140},[31,79657,120],{"class":41},[14,79659,358],{},[21,79661,79662],{"className":23,"code":75197,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,79663,79664,79680],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79665,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79667,42],{"class":41},[31,79669,173],{"class":95},[31,79671,99],{"class":41},[31,79673,6082],{"class":95},[31,79675,99],{"class":41},[31,79677,3571],{"class":95},[31,79679,59],{"class":41},[31,79681,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79683,42],{"class":41},[31,79685,146],{"class":95},[31,79687,99],{"class":41},[31,79689,3571],{"class":95},[31,79691,99],{"class":41},[31,79693,3027],{"class":95},[31,79695,59],{"class":41},[14,79697,2668,79698,79700],{},[28,79699,75028],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79702,79703,79704,4975,79708,70],{},"You can learn more in ",[264,79705,4152,79706,6368],{"href":75125},[28,79707,75028],{},[264,79709,79711],{"href":79710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[72,79713,3407],{"id":3406},[14,79715,79716,79717,70],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[28,79718,78452],{},[613,79720,13189,79722],{"id":79721},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[28,79723,64920],{},[14,79725,26291],{},[21,79727,79729],{"className":23,"code":79728,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,79730,79731,79751,79765,79769,79779],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79732,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79734,85],{"class":37},[31,79736,89],{"class":88},[31,79738,4200],{"class":41},[31,79740,173],{"class":95},[31,79742,99],{"class":41},[31,79744,6082],{"class":95},[31,79746,99],{"class":41},[31,79748,3571],{"class":95},[31,79750,59],{"class":41},[31,79752,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79754,1522],{"class":37},[31,79756,89],{"class":88},[31,79758,1527],{"class":37},[31,79760,70],{"class":41},[31,79762,35404],{"class":140},[31,79764,1772],{"class":41},[31,79766,79767],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79768,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79770,79771,79773,79775,79777],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79772,134],{"class":133},[31,79774,137],{"class":41},[31,79776,1550],{"class":140},[31,79778,120],{"class":41},[31,79780,79781,79783,79785,79787],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,79782,134],{"class":133},[31,79784,137],{"class":41},[31,79786,141],{"class":140},[31,79788,120],{"class":41},[14,79790,358],{},[21,79792,79794],{"className":23,"code":79793,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[28,79795,79796,79800],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79797,79798],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79799,12402],{"class":4432},[31,79801,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812,79814],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79803,42],{"class":41},[31,79805,146],{"class":95},[31,79807,99],{"class":41},[31,79809,3571],{"class":95},[31,79811,99],{"class":41},[31,79813,3027],{"class":95},[31,79815,59],{"class":41},[14,79817,79818,79820,79821,70],{},[28,79819,64920],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[28,79822,4357],{},[14,79824,79825,79826,7217],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[28,79827,75028],{},[613,79829,79831],{"id":79830},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79833,79834],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[21,79836,79838],{"className":23,"code":79837,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[28,79839,79840,79865],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79841,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79857,79859,79861,79863],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79843,8368],{"class":37},[31,79845,89],{"class":88},[31,79847,4200],{"class":41},[31,79849,146],{"class":95},[31,79851,99],{"class":41},[31,79853,271],{"class":259},[31,79855,79856],{"class":263},"two",[31,79858,260],{"class":259},[31,79860,99],{"class":41},[31,79862,3027],{"class":95},[31,79864,59],{"class":41},[31,79866,79867,79869,79871,79873],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79868,8397],{"class":37},[31,79870,70],{"class":41},[31,79872,35404],{"class":140},[31,79874,1772],{"class":41},[14,79876,3580,79877,79879],{},[28,79878,3583],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[613,79881,5287,79883,79885],{"id":79882},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[28,79884,64920],{}," only works on lists",[14,79887,79888,79890],{},[28,79889,64920],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79892,17241],{},[21,79894,79896],{"className":23,"code":79895,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[28,79897,79898,79910],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79901,35292],{"class":37},[31,79903,89],{"class":88},[31,79905,271],{"class":259},[31,79907,25],{"class":263},[31,79909,3934],{"class":259},[31,79911,79912,79914,79916,79918],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79913,35313],{"class":37},[31,79915,70],{"class":41},[31,79917,35404],{"class":140},[31,79919,1772],{"class":41},[14,79921,79922,79923,34205],{},"Strings do not have a ",[28,79924,64920],{},[14,79926,79927],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[21,79929,79931],{"className":23,"code":79930,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[28,79932,79933,79951,79961,79965],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79934,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79936,252],{"class":37},[31,79938,89],{"class":88},[31,79940,23159],{"class":1561},[31,79942,137],{"class":41},[31,79944,260],{"class":259},[31,79946,25],{"class":263},[31,79948,260],{"class":259},[31,79950,120],{"class":41},[31,79952,79953,79955,79957,79959],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,79954,353],{"class":37},[31,79956,70],{"class":41},[31,79958,35404],{"class":140},[31,79960,1772],{"class":41},[31,79962,79963],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,79964,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,79966,79967,79969,79971,79973],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,79968,134],{"class":133},[31,79970,137],{"class":41},[31,79972,353],{"class":140},[31,79974,120],{"class":41},[14,79976,358],{},[21,79978,79980],{"className":23,"code":79979,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[28,79981,79982],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,79983,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006,80008,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,79985,42],{"class":41},[31,79987,370],{"class":259},[31,79989,61048],{"class":263},[31,79991,370],{"class":259},[31,79993,99],{"class":41},[31,79995,379],{"class":259},[31,79997,619],{"class":263},[31,79999,370],{"class":259},[31,80001,99],{"class":41},[31,80003,379],{"class":259},[31,80005,61082],{"class":263},[31,80007,370],{"class":259},[31,80009,99],{"class":41},[31,80011,379],{"class":259},[31,80013,14],{"class":263},[31,80015,370],{"class":259},[31,80017,99],{"class":41},[31,80019,379],{"class":259},[31,80021,63895],{"class":263},[31,80023,370],{"class":259},[31,80025,99],{"class":41},[31,80027,379],{"class":259},[31,80029,12339],{"class":263},[31,80031,370],{"class":259},[31,80033,59],{"class":41},[613,80035,80037,80038,80040],{"id":80036},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[28,80039,15439],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,80042,80043,80044,70],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[28,80045,15439],{},[14,80047,80048,80049,80051],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[28,80050,64920],{}," will not do that:",[21,80053,80055],{"className":23,"code":80054,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,80056,80057,80089,80107,80111],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80058,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80060,4651],{"class":37},[31,80062,89],{"class":88},[31,80064,4200],{"class":41},[31,80066,260],{"class":259},[31,80068,4669],{"class":263},[31,80070,260],{"class":259},[31,80072,99],{"class":41},[31,80074,271],{"class":259},[31,80076,38963],{"class":263},[31,80078,260],{"class":259},[31,80080,99],{"class":41},[31,80082,271],{"class":259},[31,80084,4660],{"class":263},[31,80086,260],{"class":259},[31,80088,59],{"class":41},[31,80090,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,80092,4695],{"class":37},[31,80094,70],{"class":41},[31,80096,35404],{"class":140},[31,80098,137],{"class":41},[31,80100,15439],{"class":9767},[31,80102,89],{"class":88},[31,80104,2408],{"class":133},[31,80106,120],{"class":41},[31,80108,80109],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,80110,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,80112,80113,80115,80117,80119],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,80114,134],{"class":133},[31,80116,137],{"class":41},[31,80118,4695],{"class":140},[31,80120,120],{"class":41},[613,80122,80124],{"id":80123},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,80126,80127],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[21,80129,80131],{"className":23,"code":80130,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,80132,80133,80167,80177,80181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80134,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80146,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80163,80165],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80136,4651],{"class":37},[31,80138,89],{"class":88},[31,80140,4200],{"class":41},[31,80142,260],{"class":259},[31,80144,80145],{"class":263},"zebra",[31,80147,260],{"class":259},[31,80149,99],{"class":41},[31,80151,271],{"class":259},[31,80153,58377],{"class":263},[31,80155,260],{"class":259},[31,80157,99],{"class":41},[31,80159,271],{"class":259},[31,80161,80162],{"class":263},"monkey",[31,80164,260],{"class":259},[31,80166,59],{"class":41},[31,80168,80169,80171,80173,80175],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,80170,4695],{"class":37},[31,80172,70],{"class":41},[31,80174,35404],{"class":140},[31,80176,1772],{"class":41},[31,80178,80179],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,80180,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,80182,80183,80185,80187,80189],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,80184,134],{"class":133},[31,80186,137],{"class":41},[31,80188,4695],{"class":140},[31,80190,120],{"class":41},[14,80192,358],{},[21,80194,80196],{"className":23,"code":80195,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[28,80197,80198],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80199,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80201,42],{"class":41},[31,80203,370],{"class":259},[31,80205,58377],{"class":263},[31,80207,370],{"class":259},[31,80209,99],{"class":41},[31,80211,379],{"class":259},[31,80213,80162],{"class":263},[31,80215,370],{"class":259},[31,80217,99],{"class":41},[31,80219,379],{"class":259},[31,80221,80145],{"class":263},[31,80223,370],{"class":259},[31,80225,59],{"class":41},[14,80227,2668,80228,80230],{},[28,80229,79170],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[613,80232,61318],{"id":61317},[14,80234,80235],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[21,80237,80239],{"className":23,"code":80238,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[28,80240,80241,80251,80265,80279,80293],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80242,80243,80245,80247,80249],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80244,134],{"class":133},[31,80246,137],{"class":41},[31,80248,8928],{"class":140},[31,80250,120],{"class":41},[31,80252,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,80254,134],{"class":133},[31,80256,137],{"class":41},[31,80258,1562],{"class":1561},[31,80260,137],{"class":41},[31,80262,8928],{"class":140},[31,80264,1569],{"class":41},[31,80266,80267,80269,80271,80273,80275,80277],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,80268,134],{"class":133},[31,80270,137],{"class":41},[31,80272,8928],{"class":140},[31,80274,70],{"class":41},[31,80276,35404],{"class":140},[31,80278,7781],{"class":41},[31,80280,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,80282,134],{"class":133},[31,80284,137],{"class":41},[31,80286,75118],{"class":133},[31,80288,137],{"class":41},[31,80290,8928],{"class":140},[31,80292,1569],{"class":41},[31,80294,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,80296,134],{"class":133},[31,80298,3564],{"class":41},[31,80300,1562],{"class":1561},[31,80302,137],{"class":41},[31,80304,23910],{"class":140},[31,80306,4238],{"class":41},[31,80308,4458],{"class":4457},[31,80310,6546],{"class":140},[31,80312,4464],{"class":4457},[31,80314,8985],{"class":140},[31,80316,566],{"class":41},[14,80318,2417],{},[228,80320,80321,80324,80327,80334,80340],{},[231,80322,80323],{},"What values are in the list",[231,80325,80326],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[231,80328,80329,80330,2972,80332],{},"That ",[28,80331,64920],{},[28,80333,4357],{},[231,80335,80336,80337,80339],{},"Whether ",[28,80338,75028],{}," works better for your case",[231,80341,80342],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,80344,80345,80346,80348],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[28,80347,3583],{}," problems.",[72,80350,2435],{"id":2434},[613,80352,13299,80354,56078],{"id":80353},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[28,80355,78452],{},[14,80357,63211,80358,70],{},[28,80359,4357],{},[613,80361,5762,80363,4975,80365,2466],{"id":80362},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[28,80364,64920],{},[28,80366,75028],{},[14,80368,80369,80371,80372,80374],{},[28,80370,64920],{}," changes the list itself. ",[28,80373,75028],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[613,80376,80378],{"id":80377},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,80380,19294],{},[21,80382,80384],{"className":23,"code":80383,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[28,80385,80386],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80387,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80389,8928],{"class":37},[31,80391,70],{"class":41},[31,80393,35404],{"class":140},[31,80395,137],{"class":41},[31,80397,74182],{"class":9767},[31,80399,89],{"class":88},[31,80401,4181],{"class":4432},[31,80403,120],{"class":41},[613,80405,80407],{"id":80406},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,80409,19294],{},[21,80411,80413],{"className":23,"code":80412,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[28,80414,80415],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80416,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80418,8928],{"class":37},[31,80420,70],{"class":41},[31,80422,35404],{"class":140},[31,80424,137],{"class":41},[31,80426,15439],{"class":9767},[31,80428,89],{"class":88},[31,80430,4019],{"class":1561},[31,80432,70],{"class":41},[31,80434,9231],{"class":25350},[31,80436,120],{"class":41},[14,80438,80439],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[613,80441,80443,80444,80446],{"id":80442},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[28,80445,3583],{}," when sorting?",[14,80448,80449],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[72,80451,2475],{"id":2474},[228,80453,80454,80459,80465,80469],{},[231,80455,80456],{},[264,80457,80458],{"href":78961},"How to sort a list in Python",[231,80460,80461],{},[264,80462,4152,80463,6368],{"href":75125},[28,80464,75028],{},[231,80466,80467],{},[264,80468,67685],{"href":51587},[231,80470,80471],{},[264,80472,79711],{"href":79710},[2499,80474,80475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":80477},[80478,80479,80481,80482,80483,80484,80486,80488,80499,80509],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":78518,"depth":123,"text":80480},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":78773,"depth":123,"text":78774},{"id":78965,"depth":123,"text":78966},{"id":79287,"depth":123,"text":80485},"Using the key argument",{"id":79552,"depth":123,"text":80487},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":80489},[80490,80492,80493,80495,80497,80498],{"id":79721,"depth":130,"text":80491},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79830,"depth":130,"text":79831},{"id":79882,"depth":130,"text":80494},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":80036,"depth":130,"text":80496},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80123,"depth":130,"text":80124},{"id":61317,"depth":130,"text":61318},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":80500},[80501,80503,80505,80506,80507],{"id":80353,"depth":130,"text":80502},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80362,"depth":130,"text":80504},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80377,"depth":130,"text":80378},{"id":80406,"depth":130,"text":80407},{"id":80442,"depth":130,"text":80508},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78440,"description":80510},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80517,"title":80518,"body":80519,"description":83149,"extension":2542,"meta":83150,"navigation":126,"path":83151,"seo":83152,"stem":83153,"__hash__":83154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80520,"toc":83108},[80521,80526,80531,80534,80545,80548,80568,80570,80632,80634,80675,80684,80689,80694,80700,80711,80713,80732,80735,80740,80745,80747,80752,80766,80768,80786,80789,80806,80809,80815,80838,80843,80845,80848,80909,80911,80944,80946,80985,80993,81003,81009,81014,81107,81109,81133,81135,81153,81156,81186,81192,81197,81200,81202,81327,81329,81353,81355,81374,81380,81386,81505,81507,81524,81531,81537,81542,81549,81555,81557,81614,81617,81638,81641,81644,81705,81707,81740,81744,81814,81816,81833,81837,81840,81915,81917,81954,81957,81960,82031,82033,82094,82099,82104,82107,82121,82123,82196,82198,82218,82221,82224,82281,82343,82346,82378,82381,82396,82401,82403,82409,82412,82468,82471,82473,82492,82496,82498,82542,82551,82553,82613,82617,82620,82622,82715,82717,82832,82836,82838,82912,82915,82918,82920,82925,82990,82992,83016,83026,83028,83034,83043,83052,83061,83067,83070,83074,83077,83079,83105],[10,80522,4152,80524,4156],{"id":80523},"python-map-function-explained",[28,80525,40322],{},[14,80527,4159,80528,80530],{},[28,80529,40322],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80532,80533],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[228,80535,80536,80539,80542],{},[231,80537,80538],{},"converting numbers to strings",[231,80540,80541],{},"changing strings to integers",[231,80543,80544],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80546,80547],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[228,80549,80550,80557,80563],{},[231,80551,80552,14651,80554,80556],{},[28,80553,40322],{},[67,80555,5213],{}," return a list in Python 3",[231,80558,80559,80560],{},"it returns a ",[67,80561,80562],{},"map object",[231,80564,80565,80566],{},"you often convert that result with ",[28,80567,25381],{},[72,80569,75],{"id":74},[21,80571,80573],{"className":23,"code":80572,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,80574,80575,80599,80618],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80576,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80578,85],{"class":37},[31,80580,89],{"class":88},[31,80582,4200],{"class":41},[31,80584,146],{"class":95},[31,80586,99],{"class":41},[31,80588,3571],{"class":95},[31,80590,99],{"class":41},[31,80592,3027],{"class":95},[31,80594,99],{"class":41},[31,80596,3033],{"class":95},[31,80598,59],{"class":41},[31,80600,80601,80603,80605,80608,80610,80612,80614,80616],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,80602,1522],{"class":37},[31,80604,89],{"class":88},[31,80606,80607],{"class":133}," map",[31,80609,137],{"class":41},[31,80611,4019],{"class":1561},[31,80613,99],{"class":41},[31,80615,1527],{"class":140},[31,80617,120],{"class":41},[31,80619,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,80621,134],{"class":133},[31,80623,137],{"class":41},[31,80625,8682],{"class":1561},[31,80627,137],{"class":41},[31,80629,1550],{"class":140},[31,80631,1569],{"class":41},[14,80633,358],{},[21,80635,80637],{"className":23,"code":80636,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[28,80638,80639],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80640,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80642,42],{"class":41},[31,80644,370],{"class":259},[31,80646,146],{"class":263},[31,80648,370],{"class":259},[31,80650,99],{"class":41},[31,80652,379],{"class":259},[31,80654,193],{"class":263},[31,80656,370],{"class":259},[31,80658,99],{"class":41},[31,80660,379],{"class":259},[31,80662,173],{"class":263},[31,80664,370],{"class":259},[31,80666,99],{"class":41},[31,80668,379],{"class":259},[31,80670,151],{"class":263},[31,80672,370],{"class":259},[31,80674,59],{"class":41},[14,80676,2668,80677,80680,80681,80683],{},[28,80678,80679],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[28,80682,25381],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[72,80685,4255,80687,4258],{"id":80686},"what-map-does",[28,80688,40322],{},[14,80690,80691,80693],{},[28,80692,40322],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80695,80696,80697,80699],{},"An ",[67,80698,4299],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[228,80701,80702,80704,80706,80708],{},[231,80703,38506],{},[231,80705,38509],{},[231,80707,38512],{},[231,80709,80710],{},"a range object",[14,80712,31328],{},[21,80714,80716],{"className":23,"code":80715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"map(function, iterable)\n",[28,80717,80718],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80719,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80721,40465],{"class":133},[31,80723,137],{"class":41},[31,80725,38465],{"class":140},[31,80727,99],{"class":41},[31,80729,38470],{"class":140},[31,80731,120],{"class":41},[14,80733,80734],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80736,80737,80738,1480],{},"Important: the result is a ",[67,80739,80562],{},[14,80741,80742,80743,70],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[264,80744,5719],{"href":5718},[72,80746,2733],{"id":2732},[14,80748,80749,80751],{},[28,80750,40322],{}," needs at least two parts:",[228,80753,80754,80760],{},[231,80755,80756,80759],{},[67,80757,80758],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[231,80761,80762,80765],{},[67,80763,80764],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80767,4284],{},[21,80769,80770],{"className":23,"code":80715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,80771,80772],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80773,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80775,40465],{"class":133},[31,80777,137],{"class":41},[31,80779,38465],{"class":140},[31,80781,99],{"class":41},[31,80783,38470],{"class":140},[31,80785,120],{"class":41},[14,80787,80788],{},"You can pass:",[228,80790,80791,80800,80803],{},[231,80792,80793,80794,2766,80796,2770,80798],{},"built-in functions like ",[28,80795,4019],{},[28,80797,2765],{},[28,80799,2595],{},[231,80801,80802],{},"your own custom function",[231,80804,80805],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80807,80808],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80810,80811,80812,80814],{},"You will often see ",[28,80813,40322],{}," used like this:",[21,80816,80818],{"className":23,"code":80817,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list(map(function, values))\n",[28,80819,80820],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80821,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80823,8682],{"class":1561},[31,80825,137],{"class":41},[31,80827,40465],{"class":133},[31,80829,137],{"class":41},[31,80831,38465],{"class":140},[31,80833,99],{"class":41},[31,80835,4467],{"class":140},[31,80837,1569],{"class":41},[14,80839,7263,80840,80842],{},[28,80841,25381],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[72,80844,12068],{"id":12067},[14,80846,80847],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[21,80849,80851],{"className":23,"code":80850,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,80852,80853,80873,80891,80895],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80854,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80856,85],{"class":37},[31,80858,89],{"class":88},[31,80860,4200],{"class":41},[31,80862,96],{"class":95},[31,80864,99],{"class":41},[31,80866,102],{"class":95},[31,80868,99],{"class":41},[31,80870,107],{"class":95},[31,80872,59],{"class":41},[31,80874,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,80876,1522],{"class":37},[31,80878,89],{"class":88},[31,80880,80607],{"class":133},[31,80882,137],{"class":41},[31,80884,4019],{"class":1561},[31,80886,99],{"class":41},[31,80888,1527],{"class":140},[31,80890,120],{"class":41},[31,80892,80893],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,80894,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,80896,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,80898,134],{"class":133},[31,80900,137],{"class":41},[31,80902,8682],{"class":1561},[31,80904,137],{"class":41},[31,80906,1550],{"class":140},[31,80908,1569],{"class":41},[14,80910,358],{},[21,80912,80914],{"className":23,"code":80913,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[28,80915,80916],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,80917,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,80919,42],{"class":41},[31,80921,370],{"class":259},[31,80923,96],{"class":263},[31,80925,370],{"class":259},[31,80927,99],{"class":41},[31,80929,379],{"class":259},[31,80931,580],{"class":263},[31,80933,370],{"class":259},[31,80935,99],{"class":41},[31,80937,379],{"class":259},[31,80939,764],{"class":263},[31,80941,370],{"class":259},[31,80943,59],{"class":41},[14,80945,12277],{},[228,80947,80948,80953,80961,80969,80977],{},[231,80949,80950,80952],{},[28,80951,141],{}," contains integers",[231,80954,80955,80958,80959],{},[28,80956,80957],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[28,80960,48292],{},[231,80962,80963,42761,80966],{},[28,80964,80965],{},"str(10)",[28,80967,80968],{},"'10'",[231,80970,80971,42761,80974],{},[28,80972,80973],{},"str(20)",[28,80975,80976],{},"'20'",[231,80978,80979,42761,80982],{},[28,80980,80981],{},"str(30)",[28,80983,80984],{},"'30'",[14,80986,54262,80987,80989,80990,80992],{},[28,80988,40322],{}," applies ",[28,80991,48292],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80994,80995,80996,80998,80999,70],{},"If you want to understand ",[28,80997,25381],{}," better, see ",[264,81000,4152,81001,4085],{"href":65456},[28,81002,25381],{},[72,81004,9007,81006,81008],{"id":81005},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[28,81007,40322],{}," with your own function",[14,81010,16312,81011,81013],{},[28,81012,40322],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[21,81015,81017],{"className":23,"code":81016,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,81018,81019,81032,81042,81046,81070,81089,81093],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81020,81021,81023,81026,81028,81030],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81022,35456],{"class":1596},[31,81024,81025],{"class":35459}," double",[31,81027,137],{"class":41},[31,81029,2750],{"class":38267},[31,81031,8931],{"class":41},[31,81033,81034,81036,81038,81040],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81035,35467],{"class":4457},[31,81037,4461],{"class":37},[31,81039,40478],{"class":88},[31,81041,46197],{"class":95},[31,81043,81044],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81045,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81047,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81049,85],{"class":37},[31,81051,89],{"class":88},[31,81053,4200],{"class":41},[31,81055,146],{"class":95},[31,81057,99],{"class":41},[31,81059,3571],{"class":95},[31,81061,99],{"class":41},[31,81063,3027],{"class":95},[31,81065,99],{"class":41},[31,81067,3033],{"class":95},[31,81069,59],{"class":41},[31,81071,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81083,81085,81087],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,81073,1522],{"class":37},[31,81075,89],{"class":88},[31,81077,80607],{"class":133},[31,81079,137],{"class":41},[31,81081,81082],{"class":140},"double",[31,81084,99],{"class":41},[31,81086,1527],{"class":140},[31,81088,120],{"class":41},[31,81090,81091],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,81092,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81094,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,81096,134],{"class":133},[31,81098,137],{"class":41},[31,81100,8682],{"class":1561},[31,81102,137],{"class":41},[31,81104,1550],{"class":140},[31,81106,1569],{"class":41},[14,81108,358],{},[21,81110,81111],{"className":23,"code":40491,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,81112,81113],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81114,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81116,42],{"class":41},[31,81118,193],{"class":95},[31,81120,99],{"class":41},[31,81122,3033],{"class":95},[31,81124,99],{"class":41},[31,81126,38248],{"class":95},[31,81128,99],{"class":41},[31,81130,6944],{"class":95},[31,81132,59],{"class":41},[14,81134,66192],{},[228,81136,81137,81144,81150],{},[231,81138,81139,81141,81142],{},[28,81140,40322],{}," takes the function ",[28,81143,81082],{},[231,81145,81146,81147,81149],{},"it sends each item from ",[28,81148,141],{}," into that function",[231,81151,81152],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,81154,81155],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[228,81157,81158,81165,81172,81179],{},[231,81159,81160,6656,81163],{},[28,81161,81162],{},"double(1)",[28,81164,193],{},[231,81166,81167,6656,81170],{},[28,81168,81169],{},"double(2)",[28,81171,151],{},[231,81173,81174,6656,81177],{},[28,81175,81176],{},"double(3)",[28,81178,1305],{},[231,81180,81181,6656,81184],{},[28,81182,81183],{},"double(4)",[28,81185,1765],{},[72,81187,9007,81189,81191],{"id":81188},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[28,81190,40322],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,81193,81194,81196],{},[28,81195,40322],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,81198,81199],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,81201,242],{},[21,81203,81205],{"className":23,"code":81204,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,81206,81207,81224,81234,81238,81259,81280,81284,81309,81313],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81208,81209,81211,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81210,35456],{"class":1596},[31,81212,81213],{"class":35459}," add_numbers",[31,81215,137],{"class":41},[31,81217,264],{"class":38267},[31,81219,99],{"class":41},[31,81221,3135],{"class":38267},[31,81223,8931],{"class":41},[31,81225,81226,81228,81230,81232],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81227,35467],{"class":4457},[31,81229,45152],{"class":37},[31,81231,2636],{"class":88},[31,81233,36786],{"class":37},[31,81235,81236],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81237,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81239,81240,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81241,81242],{"class":37},"list1 ",[31,81244,89],{"class":88},[31,81246,4200],{"class":41},[31,81248,146],{"class":95},[31,81250,99],{"class":41},[31,81252,3571],{"class":95},[31,81254,99],{"class":41},[31,81256,3027],{"class":95},[31,81258,59],{"class":41},[31,81260,81261,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,81262,81263],{"class":37},"list2 ",[31,81265,89],{"class":88},[31,81267,4200],{"class":41},[31,81269,96],{"class":95},[31,81271,99],{"class":41},[31,81273,102],{"class":95},[31,81275,99],{"class":41},[31,81277,107],{"class":95},[31,81279,59],{"class":41},[31,81281,81282],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,81283,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81285,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81297,81299,81302,81304,81307],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,81287,1522],{"class":37},[31,81289,89],{"class":88},[31,81291,80607],{"class":133},[31,81293,137],{"class":41},[31,81295,81296],{"class":140},"add_numbers",[31,81298,99],{"class":41},[31,81300,81301],{"class":140}," list1",[31,81303,99],{"class":41},[31,81305,81306],{"class":140}," list2",[31,81308,120],{"class":41},[31,81310,81311],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,81312,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81314,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,81316,134],{"class":133},[31,81318,137],{"class":41},[31,81320,8682],{"class":1561},[31,81322,137],{"class":41},[31,81324,1550],{"class":140},[31,81326,1569],{"class":41},[14,81328,358],{},[21,81330,81332],{"className":23,"code":81331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[28,81333,81334],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81335,81336,81338,81341,81343,81346,81348,81351],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81337,42],{"class":41},[31,81339,81340],{"class":95},"11",[31,81342,99],{"class":41},[31,81344,81345],{"class":95}," 22",[31,81347,99],{"class":41},[31,81349,81350],{"class":95}," 33",[31,81352,59],{"class":41},[14,81354,2755],{},[228,81356,81357,81363,81369],{},[231,81358,81359,81360],{},"the first values are used together: ",[28,81361,81362],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[231,81364,81365,81366],{},"then ",[28,81367,81368],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[231,81370,81365,81371],{},[28,81372,81373],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[613,81375,81377,81379],{"id":81376},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[28,81378,40322],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,81381,81382,81383,81385],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[28,81384,40322],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[21,81387,81389],{"className":23,"code":81388,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,81390,81391,81407,81417,81421,81445,81461,81465,81487,81491],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81392,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81394,35456],{"class":1596},[31,81396,81213],{"class":35459},[31,81398,137],{"class":41},[31,81400,264],{"class":38267},[31,81402,99],{"class":41},[31,81404,3135],{"class":38267},[31,81406,8931],{"class":41},[31,81408,81409,81411,81413,81415],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81410,35467],{"class":4457},[31,81412,45152],{"class":37},[31,81414,2636],{"class":88},[31,81416,36786],{"class":37},[31,81418,81419],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81420,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81422,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81424,81242],{"class":37},[31,81426,89],{"class":88},[31,81428,4200],{"class":41},[31,81430,146],{"class":95},[31,81432,99],{"class":41},[31,81434,3571],{"class":95},[31,81436,99],{"class":41},[31,81438,3027],{"class":95},[31,81440,99],{"class":41},[31,81442,3033],{"class":95},[31,81444,59],{"class":41},[31,81446,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,81448,81263],{"class":37},[31,81450,89],{"class":88},[31,81452,4200],{"class":41},[31,81454,96],{"class":95},[31,81456,99],{"class":41},[31,81458,102],{"class":95},[31,81460,59],{"class":41},[31,81462,81463],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,81464,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81466,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,81468,1522],{"class":37},[31,81470,89],{"class":88},[31,81472,80607],{"class":133},[31,81474,137],{"class":41},[31,81476,81296],{"class":140},[31,81478,99],{"class":41},[31,81480,81301],{"class":140},[31,81482,99],{"class":41},[31,81484,81306],{"class":140},[31,81486,120],{"class":41},[31,81488,81489],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,81490,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81492,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,81494,134],{"class":133},[31,81496,137],{"class":41},[31,81498,8682],{"class":1561},[31,81500,137],{"class":41},[31,81502,1550],{"class":140},[31,81504,1569],{"class":41},[14,81506,358],{},[21,81508,81510],{"className":23,"code":81509,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[11, 22]\n",[28,81511,81512],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81513,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81515,42],{"class":41},[31,81517,81340],{"class":95},[31,81519,99],{"class":41},[31,81521,81345],{"class":95},[31,81523,59],{"class":41},[14,81525,81526,81527,81530],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[28,81528,81529],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[72,81532,81534,81536],{"id":81533},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[28,81535,40322],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81538,38628,81539,81541],{},[28,81540,40322],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81543,81544,81545,81548],{},"This object is ",[67,81546,81547],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[613,81550,3065,81552,81554],{"id":81551},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[28,81553,33631],{}," looks strange",[14,81556,34247],{},[21,81558,81560],{"className":23,"code":81559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,81561,81562,81582,81600,81604],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81563,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81565,85],{"class":37},[31,81567,89],{"class":88},[31,81569,4200],{"class":41},[31,81571,146],{"class":95},[31,81573,99],{"class":41},[31,81575,3571],{"class":95},[31,81577,99],{"class":41},[31,81579,3027],{"class":95},[31,81581,59],{"class":41},[31,81583,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81585,1522],{"class":37},[31,81587,89],{"class":88},[31,81589,80607],{"class":133},[31,81591,137],{"class":41},[31,81593,4019],{"class":1561},[31,81595,99],{"class":41},[31,81597,1527],{"class":140},[31,81599,120],{"class":41},[31,81601,81602],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81603,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81605,81606,81608,81610,81612],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81607,134],{"class":133},[31,81609,137],{"class":41},[31,81611,1550],{"class":140},[31,81613,120],{"class":41},[14,81615,81616],{},"Output will look something like this:",[21,81618,81620],{"className":23,"code":81619,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[28,81621,81622],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81623,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81625,1593],{"class":88},[31,81627,40465],{"class":133},[31,81629,25217],{"class":1561},[31,81631,37968],{"class":37},[31,81633,37972],{"class":37971},[31,81635,37975],{"class":35057},[31,81637,1606],{"class":88},[14,81639,81640],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81642,81643],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[21,81645,81647],{"className":23,"code":81646,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,81648,81649,81669,81687,81691],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81650,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81652,85],{"class":37},[31,81654,89],{"class":88},[31,81656,4200],{"class":41},[31,81658,146],{"class":95},[31,81660,99],{"class":41},[31,81662,3571],{"class":95},[31,81664,99],{"class":41},[31,81666,3027],{"class":95},[31,81668,59],{"class":41},[31,81670,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81672,1522],{"class":37},[31,81674,89],{"class":88},[31,81676,80607],{"class":133},[31,81678,137],{"class":41},[31,81680,4019],{"class":1561},[31,81682,99],{"class":41},[31,81684,1527],{"class":140},[31,81686,120],{"class":41},[31,81688,81689],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81690,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81692,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81694,134],{"class":133},[31,81696,137],{"class":41},[31,81698,8682],{"class":1561},[31,81700,137],{"class":41},[31,81702,1550],{"class":140},[31,81704,1569],{"class":41},[14,81706,358],{},[21,81708,81710],{"className":23,"code":81709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[28,81711,81712],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81713,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81715,42],{"class":41},[31,81717,370],{"class":259},[31,81719,146],{"class":263},[31,81721,370],{"class":259},[31,81723,99],{"class":41},[31,81725,379],{"class":259},[31,81727,193],{"class":263},[31,81729,370],{"class":259},[31,81731,99],{"class":41},[31,81733,379],{"class":259},[31,81735,173],{"class":263},[31,81737,370],{"class":259},[31,81739,59],{"class":41},[613,81741,81743],{"id":81742},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[21,81745,81747],{"className":23,"code":81746,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[28,81748,81749,81769,81787,81791,81804],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81750,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81752,85],{"class":37},[31,81754,89],{"class":88},[31,81756,4200],{"class":41},[31,81758,146],{"class":95},[31,81760,99],{"class":41},[31,81762,3571],{"class":95},[31,81764,99],{"class":41},[31,81766,3027],{"class":95},[31,81768,59],{"class":41},[31,81770,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81772,1522],{"class":37},[31,81774,89],{"class":88},[31,81776,80607],{"class":133},[31,81778,137],{"class":41},[31,81780,4019],{"class":1561},[31,81782,99],{"class":41},[31,81784,1527],{"class":140},[31,81786,120],{"class":41},[31,81788,81789],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81790,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81792,81793,81795,81797,81799,81802],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81794,6543],{"class":4457},[31,81796,6546],{"class":37},[31,81798,4464],{"class":4457},[31,81800,81801],{"class":37}," result",[31,81803,6978],{"class":41},[31,81805,81806,81808,81810,81812],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,81807,8657],{"class":133},[31,81809,137],{"class":41},[31,81811,23910],{"class":140},[31,81813,120],{"class":41},[14,81815,358],{},[21,81817,81819],{"className":23,"code":81818,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1\n2\n3\n",[28,81820,81821,81825,81829],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81822,81823],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81824,47525],{"class":95},[31,81826,81827],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81828,17654],{"class":95},[31,81830,81831],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81832,47225],{"class":95},[613,81834,81836],{"id":81835},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81838,81839],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[21,81841,81843],{"className":23,"code":81842,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,81844,81845,81865,81883,81887,81901],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81846,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81848,85],{"class":37},[31,81850,89],{"class":88},[31,81852,4200],{"class":41},[31,81854,146],{"class":95},[31,81856,99],{"class":41},[31,81858,3571],{"class":95},[31,81860,99],{"class":41},[31,81862,3027],{"class":95},[31,81864,59],{"class":41},[31,81866,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81868,1522],{"class":37},[31,81870,89],{"class":88},[31,81872,80607],{"class":133},[31,81874,137],{"class":41},[31,81876,4019],{"class":1561},[31,81878,99],{"class":41},[31,81880,1527],{"class":140},[31,81882,120],{"class":41},[31,81884,81885],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,81886,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,81888,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,81890,134],{"class":133},[31,81892,137],{"class":41},[31,81894,8682],{"class":1561},[31,81896,137],{"class":41},[31,81898,1550],{"class":140},[31,81900,1569],{"class":41},[31,81902,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,81904,134],{"class":133},[31,81906,137],{"class":41},[31,81908,8682],{"class":1561},[31,81910,137],{"class":41},[31,81912,1550],{"class":140},[31,81914,1569],{"class":41},[14,81916,358],{},[21,81918,81920],{"className":23,"code":81919,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[28,81921,81922,81950],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81923,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81925,42],{"class":41},[31,81927,370],{"class":259},[31,81929,146],{"class":263},[31,81931,370],{"class":259},[31,81933,99],{"class":41},[31,81935,379],{"class":259},[31,81937,193],{"class":263},[31,81939,370],{"class":259},[31,81941,99],{"class":41},[31,81943,379],{"class":259},[31,81945,173],{"class":263},[31,81947,370],{"class":259},[31,81949,59],{"class":41},[31,81951,81952],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81953,38902],{"class":41},[14,81955,81956],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81958,81959],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[21,81961,81963],{"className":23,"code":81962,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[28,81964,81965,81985,82007,82011,82021],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,81966,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,81968,85],{"class":37},[31,81970,89],{"class":88},[31,81972,4200],{"class":41},[31,81974,146],{"class":95},[31,81976,99],{"class":41},[31,81978,3571],{"class":95},[31,81980,99],{"class":41},[31,81982,3027],{"class":95},[31,81984,59],{"class":41},[31,81986,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,81988,1522],{"class":37},[31,81990,89],{"class":88},[31,81992,23159],{"class":1561},[31,81994,137],{"class":41},[31,81996,40465],{"class":133},[31,81998,137],{"class":41},[31,82000,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82002,99],{"class":41},[31,82004,1527],{"class":140},[31,82006,1569],{"class":41},[31,82008,82009],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82010,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82012,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82014,134],{"class":133},[31,82016,137],{"class":41},[31,82018,1550],{"class":140},[31,82020,120],{"class":41},[31,82022,82023,82025,82027,82029],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,82024,134],{"class":133},[31,82026,137],{"class":41},[31,82028,1550],{"class":140},[31,82030,120],{"class":41},[14,82032,358],{},[21,82034,82036],{"className":23,"code":82035,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[28,82037,82038,82066],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82039,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82041,42],{"class":41},[31,82043,370],{"class":259},[31,82045,146],{"class":263},[31,82047,370],{"class":259},[31,82049,99],{"class":41},[31,82051,379],{"class":259},[31,82053,193],{"class":263},[31,82055,370],{"class":259},[31,82057,99],{"class":41},[31,82059,379],{"class":259},[31,82061,173],{"class":263},[31,82063,370],{"class":259},[31,82065,59],{"class":41},[31,82067,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82069,42],{"class":41},[31,82071,370],{"class":259},[31,82073,146],{"class":263},[31,82075,370],{"class":259},[31,82077,99],{"class":41},[31,82079,379],{"class":259},[31,82081,193],{"class":263},[31,82083,370],{"class":259},[31,82085,99],{"class":41},[31,82087,379],{"class":259},[31,82089,173],{"class":263},[31,82091,370],{"class":259},[31,82093,59],{"class":41},[72,82095,5544,82097],{"id":82096},"when-to-use-map",[28,82098,40322],{},[14,82100,82101,82103],{},[28,82102,40322],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,82105,82106],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[228,82108,82109,82113,82117],{},[231,82110,82111],{},[28,82112,4019],{},[231,82114,82115],{},[28,82116,2765],{},[231,82118,82119],{},[28,82120,2595],{},[14,82122,242],{},[21,82124,82126],{"className":23,"code":82125,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,82127,82128,82160,82182,82186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82129,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82131,4402],{"class":37},[31,82133,89],{"class":88},[31,82135,4200],{"class":41},[31,82137,370],{"class":259},[31,82139,146],{"class":263},[31,82141,370],{"class":259},[31,82143,99],{"class":41},[31,82145,379],{"class":259},[31,82147,193],{"class":263},[31,82149,370],{"class":259},[31,82151,99],{"class":41},[31,82153,379],{"class":259},[31,82155,173],{"class":263},[31,82157,370],{"class":259},[31,82159,59],{"class":41},[31,82161,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174,82176,82178,82180],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82163,85],{"class":37},[31,82165,89],{"class":88},[31,82167,23159],{"class":1561},[31,82169,137],{"class":41},[31,82171,40465],{"class":133},[31,82173,137],{"class":41},[31,82175,2765],{"class":1561},[31,82177,99],{"class":41},[31,82179,4467],{"class":140},[31,82181,1569],{"class":41},[31,82183,82184],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82185,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82187,82188,82190,82192,82194],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82189,134],{"class":133},[31,82191,137],{"class":41},[31,82193,141],{"class":140},[31,82195,120],{"class":41},[14,82197,358],{},[21,82199,82200],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,82201,82202],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82203,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82205,42],{"class":41},[31,82207,146],{"class":95},[31,82209,99],{"class":41},[31,82211,3571],{"class":95},[31,82213,99],{"class":41},[31,82215,3027],{"class":95},[31,82217,59],{"class":41},[14,82219,82220],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,82222,82223],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[21,82225,82227],{"className":23,"code":82226,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[28,82228,82229,82249,82271],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82230,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82232,85],{"class":37},[31,82234,89],{"class":88},[31,82236,4200],{"class":41},[31,82238,146],{"class":95},[31,82240,99],{"class":41},[31,82242,3571],{"class":95},[31,82244,99],{"class":41},[31,82246,3027],{"class":95},[31,82248,59],{"class":41},[31,82250,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82252,1522],{"class":37},[31,82254,89],{"class":88},[31,82256,23159],{"class":1561},[31,82258,137],{"class":41},[31,82260,40465],{"class":133},[31,82262,137],{"class":41},[31,82264,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82266,99],{"class":41},[31,82268,1527],{"class":140},[31,82270,1569],{"class":41},[31,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82274,134],{"class":133},[31,82276,137],{"class":41},[31,82278,1550],{"class":140},[31,82280,120],{"class":41},[21,82282,82284],{"className":23,"code":82283,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[28,82285,82286,82306,82333],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82287,82288,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82289,85],{"class":37},[31,82291,89],{"class":88},[31,82293,4200],{"class":41},[31,82295,146],{"class":95},[31,82297,99],{"class":41},[31,82299,3571],{"class":95},[31,82301,99],{"class":41},[31,82303,3027],{"class":95},[31,82305,59],{"class":41},[31,82307,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324,82327,82329,82331],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82309,1522],{"class":37},[31,82311,89],{"class":88},[31,82313,4200],{"class":41},[31,82315,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82317,137],{"class":41},[31,82319,619],{"class":140},[31,82321,4238],{"class":41},[31,82323,4458],{"class":4457},[31,82325,82326],{"class":37}," n ",[31,82328,4464],{"class":4457},[31,82330,1527],{"class":37},[31,82332,59],{"class":41},[31,82334,82335,82337,82339,82341],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82336,134],{"class":133},[31,82338,137],{"class":41},[31,82340,1550],{"class":140},[31,82342,120],{"class":41},[14,82344,82345],{},"Both produce:",[21,82347,82348],{"className":23,"code":81709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,82349,82350],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82351,82352,82354,82356,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82353,42],{"class":41},[31,82355,370],{"class":259},[31,82357,146],{"class":263},[31,82359,370],{"class":259},[31,82361,99],{"class":41},[31,82363,379],{"class":259},[31,82365,193],{"class":263},[31,82367,370],{"class":259},[31,82369,99],{"class":41},[31,82371,379],{"class":259},[31,82373,173],{"class":263},[31,82375,370],{"class":259},[31,82377,59],{"class":41},[14,82379,82380],{},"A simple rule:",[228,82382,82383,82388,82393],{},[231,82384,40595,82385,82387],{},[28,82386,40322],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[231,82389,40601,82390,82392],{},[28,82391,6543],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[231,82394,82395],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,82397,82398,82399,70],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[264,82400,4974],{"href":4973},[72,82402,5101],{"id":5100},[613,82404,82406,82407],{"id":82405},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[28,82408,25381],{},[14,82410,82411],{},"This is very common:",[21,82413,82414],{"className":23,"code":81559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,82415,82416,82436,82454,82458],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82417,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432,82434],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82419,85],{"class":37},[31,82421,89],{"class":88},[31,82423,4200],{"class":41},[31,82425,146],{"class":95},[31,82427,99],{"class":41},[31,82429,3571],{"class":95},[31,82431,99],{"class":41},[31,82433,3027],{"class":95},[31,82435,59],{"class":41},[31,82437,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82439,1522],{"class":37},[31,82441,89],{"class":88},[31,82443,80607],{"class":133},[31,82445,137],{"class":41},[31,82447,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82449,99],{"class":41},[31,82451,1527],{"class":140},[31,82453,120],{"class":41},[31,82455,82456],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82457,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82459,82460,82462,82464,82466],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82461,134],{"class":133},[31,82463,137],{"class":41},[31,82465,1550],{"class":140},[31,82467,120],{"class":41},[14,82469,82470],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,82472,39867],{},[21,82474,82476],{"className":23,"code":82475,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(result))\n",[28,82477,82478],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82479,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82481,134],{"class":133},[31,82483,137],{"class":41},[31,82485,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82487,137],{"class":41},[31,82489,1550],{"class":140},[31,82491,1569],{"class":41},[613,82493,82495],{"id":82494},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,82497,17241],{},[21,82499,82501],{"className":23,"code":82500,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[28,82502,82503,82523],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82504,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82506,85],{"class":37},[31,82508,89],{"class":88},[31,82510,4200],{"class":41},[31,82512,146],{"class":95},[31,82514,99],{"class":41},[31,82516,3571],{"class":95},[31,82518,99],{"class":41},[31,82520,3027],{"class":95},[31,82522,59],{"class":41},[31,82524,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82538,82540],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82526,1522],{"class":37},[31,82528,89],{"class":88},[31,82530,80607],{"class":133},[31,82532,137],{"class":41},[31,82534,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82536,82537],{"class":41},"(),",[31,82539,1527],{"class":140},[31,82541,120],{"class":41},[14,82543,82544,82545,82547,82548,82550],{},"This is wrong because ",[28,82546,48292],{}," is being called immediately. ",[28,82549,40322],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82552,17253],{},[21,82554,82555],{"className":23,"code":81646,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,82556,82557,82577,82595,82599],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82558,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82560,85],{"class":37},[31,82562,89],{"class":88},[31,82564,4200],{"class":41},[31,82566,146],{"class":95},[31,82568,99],{"class":41},[31,82570,3571],{"class":95},[31,82572,99],{"class":41},[31,82574,3027],{"class":95},[31,82576,59],{"class":41},[31,82578,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82593],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82580,1522],{"class":37},[31,82582,89],{"class":88},[31,82584,80607],{"class":133},[31,82586,137],{"class":41},[31,82588,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82590,99],{"class":41},[31,82592,1527],{"class":140},[31,82594,120],{"class":41},[31,82596,82597],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82598,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82600,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609,82611],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82602,134],{"class":133},[31,82604,137],{"class":41},[31,82606,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82608,137],{"class":41},[31,82610,1550],{"class":140},[31,82612,1569],{"class":41},[613,82614,82616],{"id":82615},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82618,82619],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82621,17241],{},[21,82623,82625],{"className":23,"code":82624,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,82626,82627,82644,82654,82658,82678,82697,82701],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82628,82629,82631,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82630,35456],{"class":1596},[31,82632,82633],{"class":35459}," add",[31,82635,137],{"class":41},[31,82637,264],{"class":38267},[31,82639,99],{"class":41},[31,82641,3135],{"class":38267},[31,82643,8931],{"class":41},[31,82645,82646,82648,82650,82652],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82647,35467],{"class":4457},[31,82649,45152],{"class":37},[31,82651,2636],{"class":88},[31,82653,36786],{"class":37},[31,82655,82656],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82657,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82659,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82661,85],{"class":37},[31,82663,89],{"class":88},[31,82665,4200],{"class":41},[31,82667,146],{"class":95},[31,82669,99],{"class":41},[31,82671,3571],{"class":95},[31,82673,99],{"class":41},[31,82675,3027],{"class":95},[31,82677,59],{"class":41},[31,82679,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688,82691,82693,82695],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,82681,1522],{"class":37},[31,82683,89],{"class":88},[31,82685,80607],{"class":133},[31,82687,137],{"class":41},[31,82689,82690],{"class":140},"add",[31,82692,99],{"class":41},[31,82694,1527],{"class":140},[31,82696,120],{"class":41},[31,82698,82699],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,82700,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82702,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,82704,134],{"class":133},[31,82706,137],{"class":41},[31,82708,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82710,137],{"class":41},[31,82712,1550],{"class":140},[31,82714,1569],{"class":41},[14,82716,17253],{},[21,82718,82720],{"className":23,"code":82719,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[28,82721,82722,82738,82748,82752,82772,82792,82814,82818],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82723,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734,82736],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82725,35456],{"class":1596},[31,82727,82633],{"class":35459},[31,82729,137],{"class":41},[31,82731,264],{"class":38267},[31,82733,99],{"class":41},[31,82735,3135],{"class":38267},[31,82737,8931],{"class":41},[31,82739,82740,82742,82744,82746],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82741,35467],{"class":4457},[31,82743,45152],{"class":37},[31,82745,2636],{"class":88},[31,82747,36786],{"class":37},[31,82749,82750],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82751,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82753,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82755,81242],{"class":37},[31,82757,89],{"class":88},[31,82759,4200],{"class":41},[31,82761,146],{"class":95},[31,82763,99],{"class":41},[31,82765,3571],{"class":95},[31,82767,99],{"class":41},[31,82769,3027],{"class":95},[31,82771,59],{"class":41},[31,82773,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,82775,81263],{"class":37},[31,82777,89],{"class":88},[31,82779,4200],{"class":41},[31,82781,96],{"class":95},[31,82783,99],{"class":41},[31,82785,102],{"class":95},[31,82787,99],{"class":41},[31,82789,107],{"class":95},[31,82791,59],{"class":41},[31,82793,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,82795,1522],{"class":37},[31,82797,89],{"class":88},[31,82799,80607],{"class":133},[31,82801,137],{"class":41},[31,82803,82690],{"class":140},[31,82805,99],{"class":41},[31,82807,81301],{"class":140},[31,82809,99],{"class":41},[31,82811,81306],{"class":140},[31,82813,120],{"class":41},[31,82815,82816],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,82817,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82819,82820,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,82821,134],{"class":133},[31,82823,137],{"class":41},[31,82825,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82827,137],{"class":41},[31,82829,1550],{"class":140},[31,82831,1569],{"class":41},[613,82833,82835],{"id":82834},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82837,17241],{},[21,82839,82840],{"className":23,"code":81842,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,82841,82842,82862,82880,82884,82898],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82843,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82845,85],{"class":37},[31,82847,89],{"class":88},[31,82849,4200],{"class":41},[31,82851,146],{"class":95},[31,82853,99],{"class":41},[31,82855,3571],{"class":95},[31,82857,99],{"class":41},[31,82859,3027],{"class":95},[31,82861,59],{"class":41},[31,82863,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82865,1522],{"class":37},[31,82867,89],{"class":88},[31,82869,80607],{"class":133},[31,82871,137],{"class":41},[31,82873,4019],{"class":1561},[31,82875,99],{"class":41},[31,82877,1527],{"class":140},[31,82879,120],{"class":41},[31,82881,82882],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82883,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,82885,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82887,134],{"class":133},[31,82889,137],{"class":41},[31,82891,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82893,137],{"class":41},[31,82895,1550],{"class":140},[31,82897,1569],{"class":41},[31,82899,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,82901,134],{"class":133},[31,82903,137],{"class":41},[31,82905,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82907,137],{"class":41},[31,82909,1550],{"class":140},[31,82911,1569],{"class":41},[14,82913,82914],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82916,82917],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[72,82919,68503],{"id":68502},[14,82921,9466,82922,82924],{},[28,82923,40322],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[21,82926,82928],{"className":23,"code":82927,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[28,82929,82930,82940,82954,82968,82980],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,82931,82932,82934,82936,82938],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,82933,134],{"class":133},[31,82935,137],{"class":41},[31,82937,1550],{"class":140},[31,82939,120],{"class":41},[31,82941,82942,82944,82946,82948,82950,82952],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,82943,134],{"class":133},[31,82945,137],{"class":41},[31,82947,8682],{"class":1561},[31,82949,137],{"class":41},[31,82951,1550],{"class":140},[31,82953,1569],{"class":41},[31,82955,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,82957,134],{"class":133},[31,82959,137],{"class":41},[31,82961,1562],{"class":1561},[31,82963,137],{"class":41},[31,82965,1550],{"class":140},[31,82967,1569],{"class":41},[31,82969,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,82971,6543],{"class":4457},[31,82973,6546],{"class":37},[31,82975,4464],{"class":4457},[31,82977,81801],{"class":37},[31,82979,6978],{"class":41},[31,82981,82982,82984,82986,82988],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,82983,8657],{"class":133},[31,82985,137],{"class":41},[31,82987,23910],{"class":140},[31,82989,120],{"class":41},[14,82991,13267],{},[228,82993,82994,82999,83004,83010],{},[231,82995,82996,82998],{},[28,82997,33631],{}," shows that you have a map object",[231,83000,83001,83003],{},[28,83002,33639],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[231,83005,83006,83009],{},[28,83007,83008],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[231,83011,83012,83013,83015],{},"looping over ",[28,83014,1550],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,83017,83018,83019,83022,83023,83025],{},"Be careful: ",[28,83020,83021],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[28,83024,6543],{}," loop consume the map object.",[72,83027,2435],{"id":2434},[613,83029,13299,83031,83033],{"id":83030},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[28,83032,40322],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,83035,83036,83037,83039,83040,24538],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[28,83038,40322],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[28,83041,83042],{},"list(map(...))",[613,83044,15501,83046,83048,83049,83051],{"id":83045},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[28,83047,40322],{}," better than a ",[28,83050,6543],{}," loop?",[14,83053,83054,83055,83057,83058,83060],{},"Not always. ",[28,83056,40322],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[28,83059,6543],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[613,83062,5752,83064,83066],{"id":83063},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[28,83065,40322],{}," use more than one list?",[14,83068,83069],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[613,83071,83073],{"id":83072},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,83075,83076],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[72,83078,2475],{"id":2474},[228,83080,83081,83087,83093,83097,83101],{},[231,83082,83083],{},[264,83084,4152,83085,4085],{"href":40690},[28,83086,38180],{},[231,83088,83089],{},[264,83090,4152,83091,4085],{"href":65456},[28,83092,25381],{},[231,83094,83095],{},[264,83096,5804],{"href":5714},[231,83098,83099],{},[264,83100,5809],{"href":4973},[231,83102,83103],{},[264,83104,5799],{"href":5718},[2499,83106,83107],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":83109},[83110,83111,83113,83114,83115,83117,83122,83129,83131,83138,83139,83148],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":80686,"depth":123,"text":83112},"What map() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":81005,"depth":123,"text":83116},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81188,"depth":123,"text":83118,"children":83119},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83120],{"id":81376,"depth":130,"text":83121},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81533,"depth":123,"text":83123,"children":83124},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83125,83127,83128],{"id":81551,"depth":130,"text":83126},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81742,"depth":130,"text":81743},{"id":81835,"depth":130,"text":81836},{"id":82096,"depth":123,"text":83130},"When to use map()",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":83132},[83133,83135,83136,83137],{"id":82405,"depth":130,"text":83134},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82494,"depth":130,"text":82495},{"id":82615,"depth":130,"text":82616},{"id":82834,"depth":130,"text":82835},{"id":68502,"depth":123,"text":68503},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":83140},[83141,83143,83145,83147],{"id":83030,"depth":130,"text":83142},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":83045,"depth":130,"text":83144},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":83063,"depth":130,"text":83146},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":83072,"depth":130,"text":83073},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80518,"description":83149},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83156,"title":83157,"body":83158,"description":85178,"extension":2542,"meta":85179,"navigation":126,"path":85180,"seo":85181,"stem":85182,"__hash__":85183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83159,"toc":85136},[83160,83166,83171,83174,83182,83185,83187,83311,83313,83331,83333,83353,83358,83362,83376,83379,83382,83384,83389,83501,83504,83522,83528,83531,83593,83595,83604,83607,83621,83623,83671,83673,83682,83692,83698,83701,83728,83730,83738,83741,83744,83814,83816,83824,83827,83832,83837,83888,83890,83898,83901,83903,83920,83922,83974,83977,83983,83987,83992,83995,83999,84058,84060,84069,84075,84084,84088,84151,84153,84161,84166,84170,84175,84255,84257,84266,84273,84278,84283,84286,84321,84323,84331,84334,84340,84342,84392,84394,84403,84406,84424,84426,84431,84437,84444,84471,84473,84496,84501,84536,84541,84547,84552,84595,84598,84601,84640,84647,84653,84658,84673,84677,84684,84687,84691,84696,84700,84705,84707,84768,84770,84799,84804,84811,84820,84822,84825,84850,84852,84955,84958,84976,84985,84987,84992,84995,85001,85004,85006,85016,85022,85026,85084,85091,85099,85101,85133],[10,83161,4152,83163,4156],{"id":83162},"python-max-function-explained",[28,83164,83165],{},"max()",[14,83167,9714,83168,83170],{},[28,83169,83165],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,83172,83173],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[228,83175,83176,83179],{},[231,83177,83178],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[231,83180,83181],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,83183,83184],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[72,83186,75],{"id":74},[21,83188,83190],{"className":23,"code":83189,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[28,83191,83192,83216,83231,83235,83261,83265,83297],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83193,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83195,85],{"class":37},[31,83197,89],{"class":88},[31,83199,4200],{"class":41},[31,83201,173],{"class":95},[31,83203,99],{"class":41},[31,83205,6944],{"class":95},[31,83207,99],{"class":41},[31,83209,3571],{"class":95},[31,83211,99],{"class":41},[31,83213,5187],{"class":95},[31,83215,59],{"class":41},[31,83217,83218,83220,83222,83225,83227,83229],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83219,134],{"class":133},[31,83221,137],{"class":41},[31,83223,83224],{"class":133},"max",[31,83226,137],{"class":41},[31,83228,141],{"class":140},[31,83230,1569],{"class":41},[31,83232,83233],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,83234,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,83236,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,83238,134],{"class":133},[31,83240,137],{"class":41},[31,83242,83224],{"class":133},[31,83244,137],{"class":41},[31,83246,173],{"class":95},[31,83248,99],{"class":41},[31,83250,6944],{"class":95},[31,83252,99],{"class":41},[31,83254,3571],{"class":95},[31,83256,99],{"class":41},[31,83258,5187],{"class":95},[31,83260,1569],{"class":41},[31,83262,83263],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,83264,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,83266,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,83268,4651],{"class":37},[31,83270,89],{"class":88},[31,83272,4200],{"class":41},[31,83274,260],{"class":259},[31,83276,4660],{"class":263},[31,83278,260],{"class":259},[31,83280,99],{"class":41},[31,83282,271],{"class":259},[31,83284,4669],{"class":263},[31,83286,260],{"class":259},[31,83288,99],{"class":41},[31,83290,271],{"class":259},[31,83292,79329],{"class":263},[31,83294,260],{"class":259},[31,83296,59],{"class":41},[31,83298,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,83300,134],{"class":133},[31,83302,137],{"class":41},[31,83304,83224],{"class":133},[31,83306,137],{"class":41},[31,83308,4695],{"class":140},[31,83310,1569],{"class":41},[14,83312,358],{},[21,83314,83316],{"className":23,"code":83315,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"8\n8\npear\n",[28,83317,83318,83322,83326],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83319,83320],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83321,2956],{"class":95},[31,83323,83324],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83325,2956],{"class":95},[31,83327,83328],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,83329,83330],{"class":37},"pear\n",[14,83332,20556],{},[228,83334,83335,83341,83347],{},[231,83336,83337,83340],{},[28,83338,83339],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[231,83342,83343,83346],{},[28,83344,83345],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[231,83348,83349,83352],{},[28,83350,83351],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[72,83354,4255,83356,4258],{"id":83355},"what-max-does",[28,83357,83165],{},[14,83359,83360,48],{},[28,83361,83165],{},[228,83363,83364,83367,83370,83373],{},[231,83365,83366],{},"Returns the largest item",[231,83368,83369],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[231,83371,83372],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[231,83374,83375],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,83377,83378],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,83380,83381],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[72,83383,2733],{"id":2732},[14,83385,83386,83387,48],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[28,83388,83165],{},[21,83390,83392],{"className":23,"code":83391,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[28,83393,83394,83404,83428,83450,83473],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83395,83396,83398,83400,83402],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83397,83224],{"class":133},[31,83399,137],{"class":41},[31,83401,4299],{"class":140},[31,83403,120],{"class":41},[31,83405,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83417,83419,83421,83423,83426],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83407,83224],{"class":133},[31,83409,137],{"class":41},[31,83411,4299],{"class":140},[31,83413,99],{"class":41},[31,83415,83416],{"class":88}," *",[31,83418,99],{"class":41},[31,83420,22178],{"class":9767},[31,83422,89],{"class":88},[31,83424,83425],{"class":140},"func",[31,83427,120],{"class":41},[31,83429,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,83431,83224],{"class":133},[31,83433,137],{"class":41},[31,83435,4299],{"class":140},[31,83437,99],{"class":41},[31,83439,83416],{"class":88},[31,83441,99],{"class":41},[31,83443,27124],{"class":9767},[31,83445,89],{"class":88},[31,83447,3049],{"class":140},[31,83449,120],{"class":41},[31,83451,83452,83454,83456,83459,83461,83464,83466,83468,83471],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,83453,83224],{"class":133},[31,83455,137],{"class":41},[31,83457,83458],{"class":140},"arg1",[31,83460,99],{"class":41},[31,83462,83463],{"class":140}," arg2",[31,83465,99],{"class":41},[31,83467,83416],{"class":88},[31,83469,83470],{"class":140},"args",[31,83472,120],{"class":41},[31,83474,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,83476,83224],{"class":133},[31,83478,137],{"class":41},[31,83480,83458],{"class":140},[31,83482,99],{"class":41},[31,83484,83463],{"class":140},[31,83486,99],{"class":41},[31,83488,83416],{"class":88},[31,83490,83470],{"class":140},[31,83492,99],{"class":41},[31,83494,22178],{"class":9767},[31,83496,89],{"class":88},[31,83498,83425],{"class":140},[31,83500,120],{"class":41},[14,83502,83503],{},"The most important parts are:",[228,83505,83506,83511,83516],{},[231,83507,83508,83510],{},[28,83509,4299],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[231,83512,83513,83515],{},[28,83514,15439],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[231,83517,83518,83521],{},[28,83519,83520],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[72,83523,9007,83525,83527],{"id":83524},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[28,83526,83165],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83529,83530],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[21,83532,83534],{"className":23,"code":83533,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[28,83535,83536,83562,83578,83582],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83537,83538,83540,83542,83544,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83560],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83539,5647],{"class":37},[31,83541,89],{"class":88},[31,83543,4200],{"class":41},[31,83545,83546],{"class":95},"72",[31,83548,99],{"class":41},[31,83550,52118],{"class":95},[31,83552,99],{"class":41},[31,83554,14104],{"class":95},[31,83556,99],{"class":41},[31,83558,83559],{"class":95}," 66",[31,83561,59],{"class":41},[31,83563,83564,83567,83569,83572,83574,83576],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83565,83566],{"class":37},"highest_score ",[31,83568,89],{"class":88},[31,83570,83571],{"class":133}," max",[31,83573,137],{"class":41},[31,83575,16986],{"class":140},[31,83577,120],{"class":41},[31,83579,83580],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,83581,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,83583,83584,83586,83588,83591],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,83585,134],{"class":133},[31,83587,137],{"class":41},[31,83589,83590],{"class":140},"highest_score",[31,83592,120],{"class":41},[14,83594,358],{},[21,83596,83598],{"className":23,"code":83597,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"91\n",[28,83599,83600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83601,83602],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83603,83597],{"class":95},[14,83605,83606],{},"This works well for:",[228,83608,83609,83612,83615,83618],{},[231,83610,83611],{},"Scores",[231,83613,83614],{},"Prices",[231,83616,83617],{},"Ages",[231,83619,83620],{},"Counts",[14,83622,52688],{},[21,83624,83626],{"className":23,"code":83625,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[28,83627,83628,83656],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83629,83630,83633,83635,83637,83639,83641,83644,83646,83649,83651,83654],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83631,83632],{"class":37},"prices ",[31,83634,89],{"class":88},[31,83636,4200],{"class":41},[31,83638,41003],{"class":95},[31,83640,99],{"class":41},[31,83642,83643],{"class":95}," 5.50",[31,83645,99],{"class":41},[31,83647,83648],{"class":95}," 12.75",[31,83650,99],{"class":41},[31,83652,83653],{"class":95}," 29.00",[31,83655,59],{"class":41},[31,83657,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83669],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83659,134],{"class":133},[31,83661,137],{"class":41},[31,83663,83224],{"class":133},[31,83665,137],{"class":41},[31,83667,83668],{"class":140},"prices",[31,83670,1569],{"class":41},[14,83672,358],{},[21,83674,83676],{"className":23,"code":83675,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"29.0\n",[28,83677,83678],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83679,83680],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83681,83675],{"class":95},[14,83683,83684,83685,83687,83688,70],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[28,83686,83165],{}," is simpler than ",[264,83689,83690],{"href":75125},[28,83691,75028],{},[72,83693,9007,83695,83697],{"id":83694},"using-max-with-separate-values",[28,83696,83165],{}," with separate values",[14,83699,83700],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[21,83702,83704],{"className":23,"code":83703,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[28,83705,83706],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83707,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83709,134],{"class":133},[31,83711,137],{"class":41},[31,83713,83224],{"class":133},[31,83715,137],{"class":41},[31,83717,151],{"class":95},[31,83719,99],{"class":41},[31,83721,31546],{"class":95},[31,83723,99],{"class":41},[31,83725,6578],{"class":95},[31,83727,1569],{"class":41},[14,83729,358],{},[21,83731,83732],{"className":23,"code":2802,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,83733,83734],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83735,83736],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83737,2802],{"class":95},[14,83739,83740],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83742,83743],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[21,83745,83747],{"className":23,"code":83746,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[28,83748,83749,83758,83766,83776,83780,83803],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83750,83751,83753,83755],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83752,3130],{"class":37},[31,83754,89],{"class":88},[31,83756,83757],{"class":95}," 15\n",[31,83759,83760,83762,83764],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83761,3158],{"class":37},[31,83763,89],{"class":88},[31,83765,3345],{"class":95},[31,83767,83768,83771,83773],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,83769,83770],{"class":37},"c ",[31,83772,89],{"class":88},[31,83774,83775],{"class":95}," 27\n",[31,83777,83778],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,83779,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,83781,83782,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,83783,83784],{"class":37},"largest ",[31,83786,89],{"class":88},[31,83788,83571],{"class":133},[31,83790,137],{"class":41},[31,83792,264],{"class":140},[31,83794,99],{"class":41},[31,83796,3135],{"class":140},[31,83798,99],{"class":41},[31,83800,10273],{"class":140},[31,83802,120],{"class":41},[31,83804,83805,83807,83809,83812],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,83806,134],{"class":133},[31,83808,137],{"class":41},[31,83810,83811],{"class":140},"largest",[31,83813,120],{"class":41},[14,83815,358],{},[21,83817,83818],{"className":23,"code":47220,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,83819,83820],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83821,83822],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83823,47220],{"class":95},[14,83825,83826],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[72,83828,9007,83830,47667],{"id":83829},"using-max-with-strings",[28,83831,83165],{},[14,83833,83834,83836],{},[28,83835,83165],{}," can compare strings too.",[21,83838,83840],{"className":23,"code":83839,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[28,83841,83842,83874],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83843,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83845,4651],{"class":37},[31,83847,89],{"class":88},[31,83849,4200],{"class":41},[31,83851,260],{"class":259},[31,83853,4660],{"class":263},[31,83855,260],{"class":259},[31,83857,99],{"class":41},[31,83859,271],{"class":259},[31,83861,4669],{"class":263},[31,83863,260],{"class":259},[31,83865,99],{"class":41},[31,83867,271],{"class":259},[31,83869,79329],{"class":263},[31,83871,260],{"class":259},[31,83873,59],{"class":41},[31,83875,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83877,134],{"class":133},[31,83879,137],{"class":41},[31,83881,83224],{"class":133},[31,83883,137],{"class":41},[31,83885,4695],{"class":140},[31,83887,1569],{"class":41},[14,83889,358],{},[21,83891,83892],{"className":23,"code":83330,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,83893,83894],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83895,83896],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83897,83330],{"class":37},[14,83899,83900],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83902,68891],{},[228,83904,83905,83914,83917],{},[231,83906,83907,83910,83911,83913],{},[28,83908,83909],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[28,83912,65882],{}," alphabetically",[231,83915,83916],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[231,83918,83919],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83921,242],{},[21,83923,83925],{"className":23,"code":83924,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[28,83926,83927,83960],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,83928,83929,83931,83933,83935,83937,83939,83941,83943,83945,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,83930,4651],{"class":37},[31,83932,89],{"class":88},[31,83934,4200],{"class":41},[31,83936,260],{"class":259},[31,83938,4660],{"class":263},[31,83940,260],{"class":259},[31,83942,99],{"class":41},[31,83944,271],{"class":259},[31,83946,83947],{"class":263},"Banana",[31,83949,260],{"class":259},[31,83951,99],{"class":41},[31,83953,271],{"class":259},[31,83955,79329],{"class":263},[31,83957,260],{"class":259},[31,83959,59],{"class":41},[31,83961,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,83963,134],{"class":133},[31,83965,137],{"class":41},[31,83967,83224],{"class":133},[31,83969,137],{"class":41},[31,83971,4695],{"class":140},[31,83973,1569],{"class":41},[14,83975,83976],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83978,83979,83980,83982],{},"You can fix that with the ",[28,83981,15439],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[72,83984,37217,83985,37220],{"id":79287},[28,83986,15439],{},[14,83988,62,83989,83991],{},[28,83990,15439],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83993,83994],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[613,83996,83998],{"id":83997},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[21,84000,84002],{"className":23,"code":84001,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[28,84003,84004,84036],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84005,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84007,4651],{"class":37},[31,84009,89],{"class":88},[31,84011,4200],{"class":41},[31,84013,260],{"class":259},[31,84015,37651],{"class":263},[31,84017,260],{"class":259},[31,84019,99],{"class":41},[31,84021,271],{"class":259},[31,84023,68934],{"class":263},[31,84025,260],{"class":259},[31,84027,99],{"class":41},[31,84029,271],{"class":259},[31,84031,58736],{"class":263},[31,84033,260],{"class":259},[31,84035,59],{"class":41},[31,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84039,134],{"class":133},[31,84041,137],{"class":41},[31,84043,83224],{"class":133},[31,84045,137],{"class":41},[31,84047,4695],{"class":140},[31,84049,99],{"class":41},[31,84051,22178],{"class":9767},[31,84053,89],{"class":88},[31,84055,2408],{"class":133},[31,84057,1569],{"class":41},[14,84059,358],{},[21,84061,84063],{"className":23,"code":84062,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"elephant\n",[28,84064,84065],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84066,84067],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84068,84062],{"class":37},[14,84070,21369,84071,84074],{},[28,84072,84073],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,84076,84077,84078,34233,84080,70],{},"If you are new to ",[28,84079,42967],{},[264,84081,84082,6368],{"href":42964},[28,84083,42967],{},[613,84085,84087],{"id":84086},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[21,84089,84091],{"className":23,"code":84090,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[28,84092,84093,84125],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84094,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84096,4651],{"class":37},[31,84098,89],{"class":88},[31,84100,4200],{"class":41},[31,84102,260],{"class":259},[31,84104,4660],{"class":263},[31,84106,260],{"class":259},[31,84108,99],{"class":41},[31,84110,271],{"class":259},[31,84112,83947],{"class":263},[31,84114,260],{"class":259},[31,84116,99],{"class":41},[31,84118,271],{"class":259},[31,84120,79329],{"class":263},[31,84122,260],{"class":259},[31,84124,59],{"class":41},[31,84126,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84128,134],{"class":133},[31,84130,137],{"class":41},[31,84132,83224],{"class":133},[31,84134,137],{"class":41},[31,84136,4695],{"class":140},[31,84138,99],{"class":41},[31,84140,22178],{"class":9767},[31,84142,89],{"class":88},[31,84144,4019],{"class":1561},[31,84146,70],{"class":41},[31,84148,9231],{"class":25350},[31,84150,1569],{"class":41},[14,84152,358],{},[21,84154,84155],{"className":23,"code":83330,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,84156,84157],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84158,84159],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84160,83330],{"class":37},[14,84162,21369,84163,84165],{},[28,84164,79283],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[613,84167,84169],{"id":84168},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,84171,84172,84173,48],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[28,84174,38264],{},[21,84176,84178],{"className":23,"code":84177,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[28,84179,84180,84223],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84181,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192,84194,84196,84198,84201,84203,84205,84207,84210,84212,84214,84216,84219,84221],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84183,8368],{"class":37},[31,84185,89],{"class":88},[31,84187,4200],{"class":41},[31,84189,260],{"class":259},[31,84191,264],{"class":263},[31,84193,260],{"class":259},[31,84195,99],{"class":41},[31,84197,271],{"class":259},[31,84199,84200],{"class":263},"bb",[31,84202,260],{"class":259},[31,84204,99],{"class":41},[31,84206,271],{"class":259},[31,84208,84209],{"class":263},"cccc",[31,84211,260],{"class":259},[31,84213,99],{"class":41},[31,84215,271],{"class":259},[31,84217,84218],{"class":263},"ddd",[31,84220,260],{"class":259},[31,84222,59],{"class":41},[31,84224,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84226,134],{"class":133},[31,84228,137],{"class":41},[31,84230,83224],{"class":133},[31,84232,137],{"class":41},[31,84234,8397],{"class":140},[31,84236,99],{"class":41},[31,84238,22178],{"class":9767},[31,84240,89],{"class":88},[31,84242,38264],{"class":1596},[31,84244,43448],{"class":38267},[31,84246,48],{"class":41},[31,84248,38991],{"class":133},[31,84250,137],{"class":41},[31,84252,35313],{"class":140},[31,84254,3490],{"class":41},[14,84256,358],{},[21,84258,84260],{"className":23,"code":84259,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"cccc\n",[28,84261,84262],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84263,84264],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84265,84259],{"class":37},[14,84267,50158,84268,4975,84270,84272],{},[28,84269,84073],{},[28,84271,79170],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[72,84274,37217,84276,37220],{"id":84275},"using-the-default-argument",[28,84277,83520],{},[14,84279,62,84280,84282],{},[28,84281,83520],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,84284,84285],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[21,84287,84289],{"className":23,"code":84288,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[28,84290,84291,84299],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84292,84293,84295,84297],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84294,85],{"class":37},[31,84296,89],{"class":88},[31,84298,8426],{"class":41},[31,84300,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84302,134],{"class":133},[31,84304,137],{"class":41},[31,84306,83224],{"class":133},[31,84308,137],{"class":41},[31,84310,141],{"class":140},[31,84312,99],{"class":41},[31,84314,27124],{"class":9767},[31,84316,89],{"class":88},[31,84318,1243],{"class":95},[31,84320,1569],{"class":41},[14,84322,358],{},[21,84324,84325],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,84326,84327],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84328,84329],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84330,47860],{"class":95},[14,84332,84333],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,84335,84336,84337,84339],{},"Without ",[28,84338,83520],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,84341,52688],{},[21,84343,84345],{"className":23,"code":84344,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[28,84346,84347,84355,84382],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84348,84349,84351,84353],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84350,4651],{"class":37},[31,84352,89],{"class":88},[31,84354,8426],{"class":41},[31,84356,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84378,84380],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84358,1522],{"class":37},[31,84360,89],{"class":88},[31,84362,83571],{"class":133},[31,84364,137],{"class":41},[31,84366,4695],{"class":140},[31,84368,99],{"class":41},[31,84370,27124],{"class":9767},[31,84372,89],{"class":88},[31,84374,260],{"class":259},[31,84376,84377],{"class":263},"no words found",[31,84379,260],{"class":259},[31,84381,120],{"class":41},[31,84383,84384,84386,84388,84390],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,84385,134],{"class":133},[31,84387,137],{"class":41},[31,84389,1550],{"class":140},[31,84391,120],{"class":41},[14,84393,358],{},[21,84395,84397],{"className":23,"code":84396,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"no words found\n",[28,84398,84399],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84400,84401],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84402,84396],{"class":37},[14,84404,84405],{},"Important:",[228,84407,84408,84416],{},[231,84409,84410,84412,84413],{},[28,84411,83520],{}," works with ",[28,84414,84415],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[231,84417,41511,84418,84420,84421],{},[67,84419,5213],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[28,84422,84423],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[72,84425,48595],{"id":48594},[14,84427,84428,84429,70],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[28,84430,83165],{},[613,84432,84434,84436],{"id":84433},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[28,84435,41309],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,84438,84439,84440,46516,84442,70],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[28,84441,83520],{},[28,84443,41309],{},[21,84445,84447],{"className":23,"code":84446,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[28,84448,84449,84457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84450,84451,84453,84455],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84452,85],{"class":37},[31,84454,89],{"class":88},[31,84456,8426],{"class":41},[31,84458,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84460,134],{"class":133},[31,84462,137],{"class":41},[31,84464,83224],{"class":133},[31,84466,137],{"class":41},[31,84468,141],{"class":140},[31,84470,1569],{"class":41},[14,84472,30283],{},[21,84474,84476],{"className":23,"code":84475,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[28,84477,84478],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84479,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488,84491,84493],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84481,41309],{"class":1561},[31,84483,48],{"class":41},[31,84485,83571],{"class":133},[31,84487,7953],{"class":41},[31,84489,84490],{"class":37}," arg ",[31,84492,12788],{"class":88},[31,84494,84495],{"class":37}," an empty sequence\n",[14,84497,84498,84499,48],{},"Fix it by using ",[28,84500,83520],{},[21,84502,84504],{"className":23,"code":84503,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[28,84505,84506,84514],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84507,84508,84510,84512],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84509,85],{"class":37},[31,84511,89],{"class":88},[31,84513,8426],{"class":41},[31,84515,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84517,134],{"class":133},[31,84519,137],{"class":41},[31,84521,83224],{"class":133},[31,84523,137],{"class":41},[31,84525,141],{"class":140},[31,84527,99],{"class":41},[31,84529,27124],{"class":9767},[31,84531,89],{"class":88},[31,84533,4357],{"class":4432},[31,84535,1569],{"class":41},[14,84537,84538,84539,70],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[264,84540,66447],{"href":73483},[613,84542,84544,84546],{"id":84543},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[28,84545,3583],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84548,84549,84550,70],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[28,84551,3583],{},[21,84553,84555],{"className":23,"code":84554,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[28,84556,84557,84581],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84558,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84560,8368],{"class":37},[31,84562,89],{"class":88},[31,84564,4200],{"class":41},[31,84566,96],{"class":95},[31,84568,99],{"class":41},[31,84570,271],{"class":259},[31,84572,580],{"class":263},[31,84574,260],{"class":259},[31,84576,99],{"class":41},[31,84578,107],{"class":95},[31,84580,59],{"class":41},[31,84582,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84584,134],{"class":133},[31,84586,137],{"class":41},[31,84588,83224],{"class":133},[31,84590,137],{"class":41},[31,84592,8397],{"class":140},[31,84594,1569],{"class":41},[14,84596,84597],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84599,84600],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[21,84602,84604],{"className":23,"code":84603,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[28,84605,84606,84626],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84609,8368],{"class":37},[31,84611,89],{"class":88},[31,84613,4200],{"class":41},[31,84615,96],{"class":95},[31,84617,99],{"class":41},[31,84619,102],{"class":95},[31,84621,99],{"class":41},[31,84623,107],{"class":95},[31,84625,59],{"class":41},[31,84627,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84629,134],{"class":133},[31,84631,137],{"class":41},[31,84633,83224],{"class":133},[31,84635,137],{"class":41},[31,84637,8397],{"class":140},[31,84639,1569],{"class":41},[14,84641,84642,84643,70],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[264,84644,84646],{"href":84645},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[613,84648,84650,84652],{"id":84649},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[28,84651,3583],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84654,84655,84657],{},[28,84656,83165],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[21,84659,84661],{"className":23,"code":84660,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(max())\n",[28,84662,84663],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84664,84665,84667,84669,84671],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84666,134],{"class":133},[31,84668,137],{"class":41},[31,84670,83224],{"class":133},[31,84672,7781],{"class":41},[14,84674,3580,84675,70],{},[28,84676,3583],{},[72,84678,84680,11177,84682],{"id":84679},"max-vs-sorted",[28,84681,83165],{},[28,84683,75028],{},[14,84685,84686],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84688,84689,48],{},[28,84690,83165],{},[228,84692,84693],{},[231,84694,84695],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84697,84698,48],{},[28,84699,75028],{},[228,84701,84702],{},[231,84703,84704],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84706,242],{},[21,84708,84710],{"className":23,"code":84709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[28,84711,84712,84736,84740,84754],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84713,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84715,85],{"class":37},[31,84717,89],{"class":88},[31,84719,4200],{"class":41},[31,84721,173],{"class":95},[31,84723,99],{"class":41},[31,84725,6944],{"class":95},[31,84727,99],{"class":41},[31,84729,3571],{"class":95},[31,84731,99],{"class":41},[31,84733,5187],{"class":95},[31,84735,59],{"class":41},[31,84737,84738],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84739,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,84741,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,84743,134],{"class":133},[31,84745,137],{"class":41},[31,84747,83224],{"class":133},[31,84749,137],{"class":41},[31,84751,141],{"class":140},[31,84753,1569],{"class":41},[31,84755,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,84757,134],{"class":133},[31,84759,137],{"class":41},[31,84761,75118],{"class":133},[31,84763,137],{"class":41},[31,84765,141],{"class":140},[31,84767,1569],{"class":41},[14,84769,358],{},[21,84771,84773],{"className":23,"code":84772,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[28,84774,84775,84779],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84776,84777],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84778,2956],{"class":95},[31,84780,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84782,42],{"class":41},[31,84784,193],{"class":95},[31,84786,99],{"class":41},[31,84788,3027],{"class":95},[31,84790,99],{"class":41},[31,84792,5187],{"class":95},[31,84794,99],{"class":41},[31,84796,6944],{"class":95},[31,84798,59],{"class":41},[14,84800,2668,84801,84803],{},[28,84802,83165],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84805,2668,84806,84810],{},[264,84807,84808],{"href":75125},[28,84809,75028],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84812,84813,84814,70],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[264,84815,84817],{"href":84816},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[28,84818,84819],{},"min()",[72,84821,3407],{"id":3406},[14,84823,84824],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[228,84826,84827,84834,84837,84842,84845],{},[231,84828,30252,84829,84831,84832],{},[28,84830,83165],{}," on an empty list without ",[28,84833,83520],{},[231,84835,84836],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[231,84838,9043,84839,84841],{},[28,84840,83165],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[231,84843,84844],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[231,84846,9007,84847,84849],{},[28,84848,83520],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84851,11706],{},[21,84853,84855],{"className":23,"code":84854,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[28,84856,84857,84867,84881,84895,84909,84931],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,84858,84859,84861,84863,84865],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,84860,134],{"class":133},[31,84862,137],{"class":41},[31,84864,8397],{"class":140},[31,84866,120],{"class":41},[31,84868,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,84870,134],{"class":133},[31,84872,137],{"class":41},[31,84874,1562],{"class":1561},[31,84876,137],{"class":41},[31,84878,8397],{"class":140},[31,84880,1569],{"class":41},[31,84882,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,84884,134],{"class":133},[31,84886,137],{"class":41},[31,84888,2408],{"class":133},[31,84890,137],{"class":41},[31,84892,8397],{"class":140},[31,84894,1569],{"class":41},[31,84896,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,84898,134],{"class":133},[31,84900,137],{"class":41},[31,84902,83224],{"class":133},[31,84904,137],{"class":41},[31,84906,8397],{"class":140},[31,84908,1569],{"class":41},[31,84910,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,84912,134],{"class":133},[31,84914,137],{"class":41},[31,84916,83224],{"class":133},[31,84918,137],{"class":41},[31,84920,8397],{"class":140},[31,84922,99],{"class":41},[31,84924,27124],{"class":9767},[31,84926,89],{"class":88},[31,84928,4357],{"class":4432},[31,84930,1569],{"class":41},[31,84932,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,84934,134],{"class":133},[31,84936,3564],{"class":41},[31,84938,1562],{"class":1561},[31,84940,137],{"class":41},[31,84942,2750],{"class":140},[31,84944,4238],{"class":41},[31,84946,4458],{"class":4457},[31,84948,4461],{"class":140},[31,84950,4464],{"class":4457},[31,84952,620],{"class":140},[31,84954,566],{"class":41},[14,84956,84957],{},"These are useful for checking:",[228,84959,84960,84965,84970,84973],{},[231,84961,84962,84963],{},"What is actually inside ",[28,84964,8397],{},[231,84966,80336,84967,84969],{},[28,84968,8397],{}," is a list or some other type",[231,84971,84972],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[231,84974,84975],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84977,69955,84978,84981,84982,84984],{},[28,84979,84980],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[28,84983,8397],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[72,84986,2435],{"id":2434},[613,84988,2453,84990,5727],{"id":84989},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[28,84991,83165],{},[14,84993,84994],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[613,84996,5752,84998,85000],{"id":84997},"can-max-work-with-strings",[28,84999,83165],{}," work with strings?",[14,85002,85003],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[613,85005,72251],{"id":72250},[14,85007,85008,53103,85010,85012,85013,85015],{},[28,85009,83165],{},[28,85011,41309],{}," unless you use the ",[28,85014,83520],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[613,85017,85019,85020,2466],{"id":85018},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[28,85021,83165],{},[14,85023,2668,85024,48],{},[28,85025,84073],{},[21,85027,85028],{"className":23,"code":84001,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,85029,85030,85062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85031,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85033,4651],{"class":37},[31,85035,89],{"class":88},[31,85037,4200],{"class":41},[31,85039,260],{"class":259},[31,85041,37651],{"class":263},[31,85043,260],{"class":259},[31,85045,99],{"class":41},[31,85047,271],{"class":259},[31,85049,68934],{"class":263},[31,85051,260],{"class":259},[31,85053,99],{"class":41},[31,85055,271],{"class":259},[31,85057,58736],{"class":263},[31,85059,260],{"class":259},[31,85061,59],{"class":41},[31,85063,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85065,134],{"class":133},[31,85067,137],{"class":41},[31,85069,83224],{"class":133},[31,85071,137],{"class":41},[31,85073,4695],{"class":140},[31,85075,99],{"class":41},[31,85077,22178],{"class":9767},[31,85079,89],{"class":88},[31,85081,2408],{"class":133},[31,85083,1569],{"class":41},[613,85085,5762,85087,4975,85089,2466],{"id":85086},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[28,85088,83165],{},[28,85090,75028],{},[14,85092,85093,85095,85096,85098],{},[28,85094,83165],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":85137},[85138,85139,85141,85142,85144,85146,85148,85153,85155,85163,85165,85166,85177],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":83355,"depth":123,"text":85140},"What max() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":83524,"depth":123,"text":85143},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83694,"depth":123,"text":85145},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83829,"depth":123,"text":85147},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79287,"depth":123,"text":80485,"children":85149},[85150,85151,85152],{"id":83997,"depth":130,"text":83998},{"id":84086,"depth":130,"text":84087},{"id":84168,"depth":130,"text":84169},{"id":84275,"depth":123,"text":85154},"Using the default argument",{"id":48594,"depth":123,"text":48595,"children":85156},[85157,85159,85161],{"id":84433,"depth":130,"text":85158},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84543,"depth":130,"text":85160},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84649,"depth":130,"text":85162},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84679,"depth":123,"text":85164},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":85167},[85168,85170,85172,85173,85175],{"id":84989,"depth":130,"text":85169},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84997,"depth":130,"text":85171},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72250,"depth":130,"text":72251},{"id":85018,"depth":130,"text":85174},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":85086,"depth":130,"text":85176},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83157,"description":85178},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85185,"title":85186,"body":85187,"description":87141,"extension":2542,"meta":87142,"navigation":126,"path":87143,"seo":87144,"stem":87145,"__hash__":87146},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function 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is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,85200,85201,85202,85204],{},"This page explains what ",[28,85203,84819],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[72,85206,75],{"id":74},[21,85208,85210],{"className":23,"code":85209,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[28,85211,85212,85236,85251,85255],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85213,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85215,85],{"class":37},[31,85217,89],{"class":88},[31,85219,4200],{"class":41},[31,85221,559],{"class":95},[31,85223,99],{"class":41},[31,85225,3571],{"class":95},[31,85227,99],{"class":41},[31,85229,54745],{"class":95},[31,85231,99],{"class":41},[31,85233,6082],{"class":95},[31,85235,59],{"class":41},[31,85237,85238,85240,85242,85245,85247,85249],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85239,134],{"class":133},[31,85241,137],{"class":41},[31,85243,85244],{"class":133},"min",[31,85246,137],{"class":41},[31,85248,141],{"class":140},[31,85250,1569],{"class":41},[31,85252,85253],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,85254,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,85256,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,85258,134],{"class":133},[31,85260,137],{"class":41},[31,85262,85244],{"class":133},[31,85264,137],{"class":41},[31,85266,559],{"class":95},[31,85268,99],{"class":41},[31,85270,3571],{"class":95},[31,85272,99],{"class":41},[31,85274,54745],{"class":95},[31,85276,99],{"class":41},[31,85278,6082],{"class":95},[31,85280,1569],{"class":41},[14,85282,358],{},[21,85284,85286],{"className":23,"code":85285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1\n1\n",[28,85287,85288,85292],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85289,85290],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85291,47525],{"class":95},[31,85293,85294],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85295,47525],{"class":95},[14,85297,2668,85298,85300],{},[28,85299,84819],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[72,85302,4255,85304,4258],{"id":85303},"what-min-does",[28,85305,84819],{},[228,85307,85308,85313,85316,85319],{},[231,85309,85310,85312],{},[28,85311,84819],{}," returns the smallest item",[231,85314,85315],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[231,85317,85318],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[231,85320,85321],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[72,85323,85325],{"id":85324},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,85327,85328,85329,48],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[28,85330,84819],{},[21,85332,85334],{"className":23,"code":85333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[28,85335,85336,85346,85371,85389],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85337,85338,85340,85342,85344],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85339,85244],{"class":133},[31,85341,137],{"class":41},[31,85343,4299],{"class":140},[31,85345,120],{"class":41},[31,85347,85348,85350,85352,85355,85357,85360,85362,85365,85367,85369],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85349,85244],{"class":133},[31,85351,137],{"class":41},[31,85353,85354],{"class":140},"value1",[31,85356,99],{"class":41},[31,85358,85359],{"class":140}," value2",[31,85361,99],{"class":41},[31,85363,85364],{"class":140}," value3",[31,85366,99],{"class":41},[31,85368,35058],{"class":133},[31,85370,120],{"class":41},[31,85372,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,85374,85244],{"class":133},[31,85376,137],{"class":41},[31,85378,4299],{"class":140},[31,85380,99],{"class":41},[31,85382,22178],{"class":9767},[31,85384,89],{"class":88},[31,85386,37975],{"class":133},[31,85388,120],{"class":41},[31,85390,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,85392,85244],{"class":133},[31,85394,137],{"class":41},[31,85396,4299],{"class":140},[31,85398,99],{"class":41},[31,85400,27124],{"class":9767},[31,85402,89],{"class":88},[31,85404,37975],{"class":133},[31,85406,120],{"class":41},[613,85408,85410],{"id":85409},"miniterable",[28,85411,85412],{},"min(iterable)",[14,85414,85415],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[21,85417,85419],{"className":23,"code":85418,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[28,85420,85421,85445],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85422,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85424,85],{"class":37},[31,85426,89],{"class":88},[31,85428,4200],{"class":41},[31,85430,1765],{"class":95},[31,85432,99],{"class":41},[31,85434,3027],{"class":95},[31,85436,99],{"class":41},[31,85438,31546],{"class":95},[31,85440,99],{"class":41},[31,85442,6082],{"class":95},[31,85444,59],{"class":41},[31,85446,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85448,134],{"class":133},[31,85450,137],{"class":41},[31,85452,85244],{"class":133},[31,85454,137],{"class":41},[31,85456,141],{"class":140},[31,85458,1569],{"class":41},[14,85460,358],{},[21,85462,85463],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,85464,85465],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85466,85467],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85468,47525],{"class":95},[613,85470,85472],{"id":85471},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[28,85473,85474],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,85476,85477],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[21,85479,85481],{"className":23,"code":85480,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[28,85482,85483],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85484,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85486,134],{"class":133},[31,85488,137],{"class":41},[31,85490,85244],{"class":133},[31,85492,137],{"class":41},[31,85494,1765],{"class":95},[31,85496,99],{"class":41},[31,85498,3027],{"class":95},[31,85500,99],{"class":41},[31,85502,31546],{"class":95},[31,85504,99],{"class":41},[31,85506,6082],{"class":95},[31,85508,1569],{"class":41},[14,85510,358],{},[21,85512,85513],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,85514,85515],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85516,85517],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85518,47525],{"class":95},[613,85520,85522],{"id":85521},"miniterable-key",[28,85523,85524],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85526,2668,85527,85529],{},[28,85528,15439],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[21,85531,85533],{"className":23,"code":85532,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[28,85534,85535,85567],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85536,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85538,4651],{"class":37},[31,85540,89],{"class":88},[31,85542,4200],{"class":41},[31,85544,260],{"class":259},[31,85546,79329],{"class":263},[31,85548,260],{"class":259},[31,85550,99],{"class":41},[31,85552,271],{"class":259},[31,85554,38946],{"class":263},[31,85556,260],{"class":259},[31,85558,99],{"class":41},[31,85560,271],{"class":259},[31,85562,4669],{"class":263},[31,85564,260],{"class":259},[31,85566,59],{"class":41},[31,85568,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85570,134],{"class":133},[31,85572,137],{"class":41},[31,85574,85244],{"class":133},[31,85576,137],{"class":41},[31,85578,4695],{"class":140},[31,85580,99],{"class":41},[31,85582,22178],{"class":9767},[31,85584,89],{"class":88},[31,85586,2408],{"class":133},[31,85588,1569],{"class":41},[14,85590,358],{},[21,85592,85594],{"className":23,"code":85593,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"kiwi\n",[28,85595,85596],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85597,85598],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85599,85593],{"class":37},[14,85601,85602],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85604,85605,85606,85608,85609,70],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[28,85607,42967],{},", see the ",[264,85610,85611,4085],{"href":42964},[28,85612,42967],{},[613,85614,85616],{"id":85615},"miniterable-default",[28,85617,85618],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85620,2668,85621,85623],{},[28,85622,83520],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[21,85625,85627],{"className":23,"code":85626,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[28,85628,85629,85637],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85630,85631,85633,85635],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85632,85],{"class":37},[31,85634,89],{"class":88},[31,85636,8426],{"class":41},[31,85638,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85640,134],{"class":133},[31,85642,137],{"class":41},[31,85644,85244],{"class":133},[31,85646,137],{"class":41},[31,85648,141],{"class":140},[31,85650,99],{"class":41},[31,85652,27124],{"class":9767},[31,85654,89],{"class":88},[31,85656,1243],{"class":95},[31,85658,1569],{"class":41},[14,85660,358],{},[21,85662,85663],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,85664,85665],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85666,85667],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85668,47860],{"class":95},[14,85670,85671,85672,85674],{},"This avoids a ",[28,85673,41309],{}," when there is no item to return.",[72,85676,9007,85678,85680],{"id":85677},"using-min-with-numbers",[28,85679,84819],{}," with numbers",[14,85682,85683,85685],{},[28,85684,84819],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[21,85687,85689],{"className":23,"code":85688,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[28,85690,85691,85716],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85692,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85694,5647],{"class":37},[31,85696,89],{"class":88},[31,85698,4200],{"class":41},[31,85700,52113],{"class":95},[31,85702,99],{"class":41},[31,85704,85705],{"class":95}," 72",[31,85707,99],{"class":41},[31,85709,29508],{"class":95},[31,85711,99],{"class":41},[31,85713,536],{"class":95},[31,85715,59],{"class":41},[31,85717,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85719,134],{"class":133},[31,85721,137],{"class":41},[31,85723,85244],{"class":133},[31,85725,137],{"class":41},[31,85727,16986],{"class":140},[31,85729,1569],{"class":41},[14,85731,358],{},[21,85733,85735],{"className":23,"code":85734,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"60\n",[28,85736,85737],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85738,85739],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85740,85734],{"class":95},[14,85742,85743],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[21,85745,85747],{"className":23,"code":85746,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[28,85748,85749,85770],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85750,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85764,85766,85768],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85752,83632],{"class":37},[31,85754,89],{"class":88},[31,85756,4200],{"class":41},[31,85758,41003],{"class":95},[31,85760,99],{"class":41},[31,85762,85763],{"class":95}," 5.49",[31,85765,99],{"class":41},[31,85767,83648],{"class":95},[31,85769,59],{"class":41},[31,85771,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85773,134],{"class":133},[31,85775,137],{"class":41},[31,85777,85244],{"class":133},[31,85779,137],{"class":41},[31,85781,83668],{"class":140},[31,85783,1569],{"class":41},[14,85785,358],{},[21,85787,85789],{"className":23,"code":85788,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5.49\n",[28,85790,85791],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85792,85793],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85794,85788],{"class":95},[14,85796,85797],{},"This is useful for things like:",[228,85799,85800,85802,85804,85807],{},[231,85801,16986],{},[231,85803,83668],{},[231,85805,85806],{},"measurements",[231,85808,85809],{},"ages",[72,85811,9007,85813,47667],{"id":85812},"using-min-with-strings",[28,85814,84819],{},[14,85816,85817,85819],{},[28,85818,84819],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[21,85821,85823],{"className":23,"code":85822,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[28,85824,85825,85857],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85826,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85828,4651],{"class":37},[31,85830,89],{"class":88},[31,85832,4200],{"class":41},[31,85834,260],{"class":259},[31,85836,4669],{"class":263},[31,85838,260],{"class":259},[31,85840,99],{"class":41},[31,85842,271],{"class":259},[31,85844,4660],{"class":263},[31,85846,260],{"class":259},[31,85848,99],{"class":41},[31,85850,271],{"class":259},[31,85852,4678],{"class":263},[31,85854,260],{"class":259},[31,85856,59],{"class":41},[31,85858,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85860,134],{"class":133},[31,85862,137],{"class":41},[31,85864,85244],{"class":133},[31,85866,137],{"class":41},[31,85868,4695],{"class":140},[31,85870,1569],{"class":41},[14,85872,358],{},[21,85874,85876],{"className":23,"code":85875,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"apple\n",[28,85877,85878],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85879,85880],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85881,85875],{"class":37},[14,85883,85884],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[21,85886,85888],{"className":23,"code":85887,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[28,85889,85890,85922],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85891,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85893,4651],{"class":37},[31,85895,89],{"class":88},[31,85897,4200],{"class":41},[31,85899,260],{"class":259},[31,85901,4669],{"class":263},[31,85903,260],{"class":259},[31,85905,99],{"class":41},[31,85907,271],{"class":259},[31,85909,58377],{"class":263},[31,85911,260],{"class":259},[31,85913,99],{"class":41},[31,85915,271],{"class":259},[31,85917,4678],{"class":263},[31,85919,260],{"class":259},[31,85921,59],{"class":41},[31,85923,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,85925,134],{"class":133},[31,85927,137],{"class":41},[31,85929,85244],{"class":133},[31,85931,137],{"class":41},[31,85933,4695],{"class":140},[31,85935,1569],{"class":41},[14,85937,358],{},[21,85939,85941],{"className":23,"code":85940,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Apple\n",[28,85942,85943],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85944,85945],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85946,85940],{"class":37},[14,85948,85949],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85951,85952,85953,70],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[264,85954,85955,6368],{"href":75125},[28,85956,75028],{},[72,85958,9007,85960,85962],{"id":85959},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[28,85961,84819],{}," with a key function",[14,85964,62,85965,85967],{},[28,85966,15439],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85969,12051],{},[228,85971,85972,85977,85982],{},[231,85973,85974,85976],{},[28,85975,15439],{}," changes the comparison rule",[231,85978,85979,85981],{},[28,85980,84819],{}," still returns the original item",[231,85983,85984],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[613,85986,85988],{"id":85987},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[21,85990,85992],{"className":23,"code":85991,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[28,85993,85994,86027],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,85995,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86023,86025],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,85997,4651],{"class":37},[31,85999,89],{"class":88},[31,86001,4200],{"class":41},[31,86003,260],{"class":259},[31,86005,68934],{"class":263},[31,86007,260],{"class":259},[31,86009,99],{"class":41},[31,86011,271],{"class":259},[31,86013,37651],{"class":263},[31,86015,260],{"class":259},[31,86017,99],{"class":41},[31,86019,271],{"class":259},[31,86021,86022],{"class":263},"giraffe",[31,86024,260],{"class":259},[31,86026,59],{"class":41},[31,86028,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86030,134],{"class":133},[31,86032,137],{"class":41},[31,86034,85244],{"class":133},[31,86036,137],{"class":41},[31,86038,4695],{"class":140},[31,86040,99],{"class":41},[31,86042,22178],{"class":9767},[31,86044,89],{"class":88},[31,86046,2408],{"class":133},[31,86048,1569],{"class":41},[14,86050,358],{},[21,86052,86054],{"className":23,"code":86053,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"cat\n",[28,86055,86056],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86057,86058],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86059,86053],{"class":37},[613,86061,86063],{"id":86062},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[21,86065,86067],{"className":23,"code":86066,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[28,86068,86069,86079,86114,86146,86178,86182,86186,86225],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86070,86071,86074,86076],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86072,86073],{"class":37},"students ",[31,86075,89],{"class":88},[31,86077,86078],{"class":41}," [\n",[31,86080,86081,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86105,86107,86109,86111],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86082,86083],{"class":41},"    {",[31,86085,260],{"class":259},[31,86087,8256],{"class":263},[31,86089,260],{"class":259},[31,86091,48],{"class":41},[31,86093,271],{"class":259},[31,86095,13476],{"class":263},[31,86097,260],{"class":259},[31,86099,99],{"class":41},[31,86101,271],{"class":259},[31,86103,86104],{"class":263},"score",[31,86106,260],{"class":259},[31,86108,48],{"class":41},[31,86110,14104],{"class":95},[31,86112,86113],{"class":41},"},\n",[31,86115,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,86117,86083],{"class":41},[31,86119,260],{"class":259},[31,86121,8256],{"class":263},[31,86123,260],{"class":259},[31,86125,48],{"class":41},[31,86127,271],{"class":259},[31,86129,36547],{"class":263},[31,86131,260],{"class":259},[31,86133,99],{"class":41},[31,86135,271],{"class":259},[31,86137,86104],{"class":263},[31,86139,260],{"class":259},[31,86141,48],{"class":41},[31,86143,85705],{"class":95},[31,86145,86113],{"class":41},[31,86147,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,86149,86083],{"class":41},[31,86151,260],{"class":259},[31,86153,8256],{"class":263},[31,86155,260],{"class":259},[31,86157,48],{"class":41},[31,86159,271],{"class":259},[31,86161,36556],{"class":263},[31,86163,260],{"class":259},[31,86165,99],{"class":41},[31,86167,271],{"class":259},[31,86169,86104],{"class":263},[31,86171,260],{"class":259},[31,86173,48],{"class":41},[31,86175,20497],{"class":95},[31,86177,9900],{"class":41},[31,86179,86180],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,86181,59],{"class":41},[31,86183,86184],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,86185,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,86187,86188,86191,86193,86196,86198,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,86189,86190],{"class":37},"lowest ",[31,86192,89],{"class":88},[31,86194,86195],{"class":133}," min",[31,86197,137],{"class":41},[31,86199,86200],{"class":140},"students",[31,86202,99],{"class":41},[31,86204,22178],{"class":9767},[31,86206,89],{"class":88},[31,86208,38264],{"class":1596},[31,86210,13502],{"class":38267},[31,86212,48],{"class":41},[31,86214,13502],{"class":140},[31,86216,42],{"class":41},[31,86218,260],{"class":259},[31,86220,86104],{"class":263},[31,86222,260],{"class":259},[31,86224,566],{"class":41},[31,86226,86227,86229,86231,86234],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,86228,134],{"class":133},[31,86230,137],{"class":41},[31,86232,86233],{"class":140},"lowest",[31,86235,120],{"class":41},[14,86237,358],{},[21,86239,86241],{"className":23,"code":86240,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[28,86242,86243],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86244,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86246,9869],{"class":41},[31,86248,370],{"class":259},[31,86250,8256],{"class":263},[31,86252,370],{"class":259},[31,86254,48],{"class":41},[31,86256,379],{"class":259},[31,86258,36547],{"class":263},[31,86260,370],{"class":259},[31,86262,99],{"class":41},[31,86264,379],{"class":259},[31,86266,86104],{"class":263},[31,86268,370],{"class":259},[31,86270,48],{"class":41},[31,86272,85705],{"class":95},[31,86274,9900],{"class":41},[14,86276,86277,86278,86281],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[28,86279,86280],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[72,86283,9007,86285,86287],{"id":86284},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[28,86286,83520],{}," with empty iterables",[14,86289,86290],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[21,86292,86294],{"className":23,"code":86293,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[28,86295,86296,86304],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86297,86298,86300,86302],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86299,85],{"class":37},[31,86301,89],{"class":88},[31,86303,8426],{"class":41},[31,86305,86306,86308,86310,86312,86314,86316],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86307,134],{"class":133},[31,86309,137],{"class":41},[31,86311,85244],{"class":133},[31,86313,137],{"class":41},[31,86315,141],{"class":140},[31,86317,1569],{"class":41},[14,86319,358],{},[21,86321,86323],{"className":23,"code":86322,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[28,86324,86325],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86326,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86328,41309],{"class":1561},[31,86330,48],{"class":41},[31,86332,86195],{"class":133},[31,86334,7953],{"class":41},[31,86336,84490],{"class":37},[31,86338,12788],{"class":88},[31,86340,84495],{"class":37},[14,86342,86343,86344,48],{},"To avoid that, use ",[28,86345,83520],{},[21,86347,86349],{"className":23,"code":86348,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[28,86350,86351,86359],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86352,86353,86355,86357],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86354,85],{"class":37},[31,86356,89],{"class":88},[31,86358,8426],{"class":41},[31,86360,86361,86363,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86362,134],{"class":133},[31,86364,137],{"class":41},[31,86366,85244],{"class":133},[31,86368,137],{"class":41},[31,86370,141],{"class":140},[31,86372,99],{"class":41},[31,86374,27124],{"class":9767},[31,86376,89],{"class":88},[31,86378,4357],{"class":4432},[31,86380,1569],{"class":41},[14,86382,358],{},[21,86384,86385],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,86386,86387],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86388,86389],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86390,12402],{"class":4432},[14,86392,86393],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,86395,86396],{},"Remember:",[228,86398,86399,86407],{},[231,86400,86401,86403,86404,86406],{},[28,86402,83520],{}," works only when ",[28,86405,84819],{}," gets one iterable argument",[231,86408,86409,86410],{},"It does not work with ",[28,86411,86412],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,86414,86415,86416,70],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[264,86417,66447],{"href":73483},[72,86419,11337],{"id":11336},[14,86421,57384,86422,70],{},[28,86423,84819],{},[613,86425,86427,86428],{"id":86426},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[28,86429,83520],{},[14,86431,3580,86432,48],{},[28,86433,41309],{},[21,86435,86437],{"className":23,"code":86436,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[28,86438,86439,86447],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86440,86441,86443,86445],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86442,8368],{"class":37},[31,86444,89],{"class":88},[31,86446,8426],{"class":41},[31,86448,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457,86459],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86450,134],{"class":133},[31,86452,137],{"class":41},[31,86454,85244],{"class":133},[31,86456,137],{"class":41},[31,86458,8397],{"class":140},[31,86460,1569],{"class":41},[14,86462,86463],{},"Fix it by:",[228,86465,86466,86469],{},[231,86467,86468],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[231,86470,86471,86472],{},"or using ",[28,86473,83520],{},[21,86475,86477],{"className":23,"code":86476,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[28,86478,86479,86487],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86480,86481,86483,86485],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86482,8368],{"class":37},[31,86484,89],{"class":88},[31,86486,8426],{"class":41},[31,86488,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507,86510,86512],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86490,134],{"class":133},[31,86492,137],{"class":41},[31,86494,85244],{"class":133},[31,86496,137],{"class":41},[31,86498,8397],{"class":140},[31,86500,99],{"class":41},[31,86502,27124],{"class":9767},[31,86504,89],{"class":88},[31,86506,260],{"class":259},[31,86508,86509],{"class":263},"no items",[31,86511,260],{"class":259},[31,86513,1569],{"class":41},[613,86515,86517],{"id":86516},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86519,86520],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[21,86522,86524],{"className":23,"code":86523,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[28,86525,86526,86550],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86527,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86529,9757],{"class":37},[31,86531,89],{"class":88},[31,86533,4200],{"class":41},[31,86535,96],{"class":95},[31,86537,99],{"class":41},[31,86539,271],{"class":259},[31,86541,580],{"class":263},[31,86543,260],{"class":259},[31,86545,99],{"class":41},[31,86547,5187],{"class":95},[31,86549,59],{"class":41},[31,86551,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86553,134],{"class":133},[31,86555,137],{"class":41},[31,86557,85244],{"class":133},[31,86559,137],{"class":41},[31,86561,9796],{"class":140},[31,86563,1569],{"class":41},[14,86565,358],{},[21,86567,86569],{"className":23,"code":86568,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"TypeError\n",[28,86570,86571],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86572,86573],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86574,86568],{"class":1561},[14,86576,86577],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86579,86580,86581,70],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[28,86582,84819],{},[21,86584,86586],{"className":23,"code":86585,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[28,86587,86588,86612,86638],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86589,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86591,9757],{"class":37},[31,86593,89],{"class":88},[31,86595,4200],{"class":41},[31,86597,96],{"class":95},[31,86599,99],{"class":41},[31,86601,271],{"class":259},[31,86603,580],{"class":263},[31,86605,260],{"class":259},[31,86607,99],{"class":41},[31,86609,5187],{"class":95},[31,86611,59],{"class":41},[31,86613,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86615,85],{"class":37},[31,86617,89],{"class":88},[31,86619,4200],{"class":41},[31,86621,2765],{"class":1561},[31,86623,137],{"class":41},[31,86625,2750],{"class":140},[31,86627,4238],{"class":41},[31,86629,4458],{"class":4457},[31,86631,4461],{"class":37},[31,86633,4464],{"class":4457},[31,86635,15164],{"class":37},[31,86637,59],{"class":41},[31,86639,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,86641,134],{"class":133},[31,86643,137],{"class":41},[31,86645,85244],{"class":133},[31,86647,137],{"class":41},[31,86649,141],{"class":140},[31,86651,1569],{"class":41},[14,86653,358],{},[21,86655,86656],{"className":23,"code":3525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,86657,86658],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86659,86660],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86661,3525],{"class":95},[14,86663,86664,86665,70],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[28,86666,3583],{},[613,86668,86670],{"id":86669},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86672,86673],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[21,86675,86677],{"className":23,"code":86676,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[28,86678,86679,86711],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86680,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86682,4651],{"class":37},[31,86684,89],{"class":88},[31,86686,4200],{"class":41},[31,86688,260],{"class":259},[31,86690,80145],{"class":263},[31,86692,260],{"class":259},[31,86694,99],{"class":41},[31,86696,271],{"class":259},[31,86698,58377],{"class":263},[31,86700,260],{"class":259},[31,86702,99],{"class":41},[31,86704,271],{"class":259},[31,86706,80162],{"class":263},[31,86708,260],{"class":259},[31,86710,59],{"class":41},[31,86712,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86714,134],{"class":133},[31,86716,137],{"class":41},[31,86718,85244],{"class":133},[31,86720,137],{"class":41},[31,86722,4695],{"class":140},[31,86724,1569],{"class":41},[14,86726,358],{},[21,86728,86729],{"className":23,"code":85940,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,86730,86731],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86732,86733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86734,85940],{"class":37},[14,86736,86737],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[21,86739,86741],{"className":23,"code":86740,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[28,86742,86743,86775],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86744,86745,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86746,4651],{"class":37},[31,86748,89],{"class":88},[31,86750,4200],{"class":41},[31,86752,260],{"class":259},[31,86754,80145],{"class":263},[31,86756,260],{"class":259},[31,86758,99],{"class":41},[31,86760,271],{"class":259},[31,86762,58377],{"class":263},[31,86764,260],{"class":259},[31,86766,99],{"class":41},[31,86768,271],{"class":259},[31,86770,80162],{"class":263},[31,86772,260],{"class":259},[31,86774,59],{"class":41},[31,86776,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86778,134],{"class":133},[31,86780,137],{"class":41},[31,86782,85244],{"class":133},[31,86784,137],{"class":41},[31,86786,4695],{"class":140},[31,86788,99],{"class":41},[31,86790,22178],{"class":9767},[31,86792,89],{"class":88},[31,86794,4019],{"class":1561},[31,86796,70],{"class":41},[31,86798,9231],{"class":25350},[31,86800,1569],{"class":41},[14,86802,358],{},[21,86804,86805],{"className":23,"code":85940,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,86806,86807],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86808,86809],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86810,85940],{"class":37},[14,86812,86813],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[72,86815,5544,86817],{"id":86816},"when-to-use-min",[28,86818,84819],{},[14,86820,2668,86821,11193],{},[28,86822,84819],{},[228,86824,86825,86828,86833],{},[231,86826,86827],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[231,86829,86830,86831],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[28,86832,15439],{},[231,86834,86835],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86837,2668,86838,86842],{},[264,86839,86840],{"href":75125},[28,86841,75028],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86844,2668,86845,86850],{},[264,86846,86848],{"href":86847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[28,86849,83165],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[72,86852,3407],{"id":3406},[14,86854,84824],{},[228,86856,86857,86865,86868,86873,86880],{},[231,86858,86859,86860,86862,86863],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[28,86861,84819],{}," without using ",[28,86864,83520],{},[231,86866,86867],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[231,86869,9043,86870,86872],{},[28,86871,84819],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[231,86874,5287,86875,86877,86878,85981],{},[28,86876,15439],{}," affects comparison but ",[28,86879,84819],{},[231,86881,9007,86882,86884],{},[28,86883,83520],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86886,86887,86888,86890],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[28,86889,84819],{},", these quick checks can help:",[21,86892,86894],{"className":23,"code":86893,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[28,86895,86896,86910,86920,86934,86948,86970],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,86897,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,86899,134],{"class":133},[31,86901,137],{"class":41},[31,86903,1562],{"class":1561},[31,86905,137],{"class":41},[31,86907,9796],{"class":140},[31,86909,1569],{"class":41},[31,86911,86912,86914,86916,86918],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,86913,134],{"class":133},[31,86915,137],{"class":41},[31,86917,9796],{"class":140},[31,86919,120],{"class":41},[31,86921,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,86923,134],{"class":133},[31,86925,137],{"class":41},[31,86927,2408],{"class":133},[31,86929,137],{"class":41},[31,86931,9796],{"class":140},[31,86933,1569],{"class":41},[31,86935,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,86937,134],{"class":133},[31,86939,137],{"class":41},[31,86941,85244],{"class":133},[31,86943,137],{"class":41},[31,86945,9796],{"class":140},[31,86947,1569],{"class":41},[31,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,86951,134],{"class":133},[31,86953,137],{"class":41},[31,86955,85244],{"class":133},[31,86957,137],{"class":41},[31,86959,9796],{"class":140},[31,86961,99],{"class":41},[31,86963,27124],{"class":9767},[31,86965,89],{"class":88},[31,86967,4357],{"class":4432},[31,86969,1569],{"class":41},[31,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,86973,134],{"class":133},[31,86975,137],{"class":41},[31,86977,85244],{"class":133},[31,86979,137],{"class":41},[31,86981,4695],{"class":140},[31,86983,99],{"class":41},[31,86985,22178],{"class":9767},[31,86987,89],{"class":88},[31,86989,2408],{"class":133},[31,86991,1569],{"class":41},[14,86993,86994,86995,86998,86999,87001],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[28,86996,86997],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[28,87000,9796],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[72,87003,2435],{"id":2434},[613,87005,2453,87007,5727],{"id":87006},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[28,87008,84819],{},[14,87010,87011],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[613,87013,5752,87015,85000],{"id":87014},"can-min-work-with-strings",[28,87016,84819],{},[14,87018,87019],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[613,87021,72251],{"id":72250},[14,87023,87024,53103,87026,85012,87028,37226],{},[28,87025,84819],{},[28,87027,41309],{},[28,87029,83520],{},[613,87031,2453,87033,87035,87036,2466],{"id":87032},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[28,87034,15439],{}," do in ",[28,87037,84819],{},[14,87039,87040,87042,87043,87045],{},[28,87041,15439],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[28,87044,84073],{}," compares strings by length.",[613,87047,5762,87049,4975,87051,2466],{"id":87048},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[28,87050,84819],{},[28,87052,75028],{},[14,87054,87055,87057,87058,87060],{},[28,87056,84819],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[28,87059,75028],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[72,87062,2475],{"id":2474},[228,87064,87065,87071,87077,87083,87087,87091],{},[231,87066,87067],{},[264,87068,87069,4085],{"href":86847},[28,87070,83165],{},[231,87072,87073],{},[264,87074,87075,4085],{"href":75125},[28,87076,75028],{},[231,87078,87079],{},[264,87080,87081,4085],{"href":42964},[28,87082,42967],{},[231,87084,87085],{},[264,87086,80458],{"href":78961},[231,87088,87089],{},[264,87090,59565],{"href":59564},[231,87092,87093],{},[264,87094,66447],{"href":73483},[2499,87096,87097],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":87099},[87100,87101,87103,87109,87111,87113,87118,87120,87126,87128,87129,87140],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":85303,"depth":123,"text":87102},"What min() does",{"id":85324,"depth":123,"text":85325,"children":87104},[87105,87106,87107,87108],{"id":85409,"depth":130,"text":85412},{"id":85471,"depth":130,"text":85474},{"id":85521,"depth":130,"text":85524},{"id":85615,"depth":130,"text":85618},{"id":85677,"depth":123,"text":87110},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85812,"depth":123,"text":87112},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85959,"depth":123,"text":87114,"children":87115},"Using min() with a key function",[87116,87117],{"id":85987,"depth":130,"text":85988},{"id":86062,"depth":130,"text":86063},{"id":86284,"depth":123,"text":87119},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11336,"depth":123,"text":11337,"children":87121},[87122,87124,87125],{"id":86426,"depth":130,"text":87123},"Empty list without default",{"id":86516,"depth":130,"text":86517},{"id":86669,"depth":130,"text":86670},{"id":86816,"depth":123,"text":87127},"When to use min()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":87130},[87131,87133,87135,87136,87138],{"id":87006,"depth":130,"text":87132},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":87014,"depth":130,"text":87134},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72250,"depth":130,"text":72251},{"id":87032,"depth":130,"text":87137},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":87048,"depth":130,"text":87139},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85186,"description":87141},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87148,"title":87149,"body":87150,"description":89329,"extension":2542,"meta":89330,"navigation":126,"path":89331,"seo":89332,"stem":89333,"__hash__":89334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87151,"toc":89293},[87152,87155,87161,87167,87169,87250,87259,87263,87268,87270,87315,87317,87397,87403,87405,87408,87440,87442,87460,87462,87535,87537,87556,87560,87563,87599,87601,87668,87742,87815,87820,87824,87830,87833,87850,87853,87855,87916,87918,87938,87944,87948,87951,88021,88024,88043,88048,88124,88127,88131,88137,88141,88146,88216,88220,88225,88299,88303,88306,88381,88392,88396,88401,88491,88496,88564,88567,88586,88597,88601,88604,88609,88612,88674,88677,88688,88693,88696,88699,88704,88707,88710,88714,88717,88723,88726,88737,88739,88801,88816,88822,88825,88828,88839,88850,88856,88859,88861,88923,88933,88939,88944,88950,88954,88960,88963,88984,88986,88991,89018,89021,89048,89051,89090,89093,89131,89134,89195,89198,89200,89204,89207,89211,89217,89225,89233,89237,89240,89244,89250,89252,89290],[10,87153,87149],{"id":87154},"python-open-function-explained",[14,87156,87157,87160],{},[28,87158,87159],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,87162,87163,87164,87166],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[28,87165,87159],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[72,87168,75],{"id":74},[21,87170,87172],{"className":23,"code":87171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[28,87173,87174,87223,87239],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87175,87176,87179,87182,87184,87186,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87204,87206,87208,87211,87213,87215,87217,87221],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87177,87178],{"class":4457},"with",[31,87180,87181],{"class":133}," open",[31,87183,137],{"class":41},[31,87185,260],{"class":259},[31,87187,87188],{"class":263},"example.txt",[31,87190,260],{"class":259},[31,87192,99],{"class":41},[31,87194,271],{"class":259},[31,87196,61114],{"class":263},[31,87198,260],{"class":259},[31,87200,99],{"class":41},[31,87202,87203],{"class":9767}," encoding",[31,87205,89],{"class":88},[31,87207,260],{"class":259},[31,87209,87210],{"class":263},"utf-8",[31,87212,260],{"class":259},[31,87214,4238],{"class":41},[31,87216,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87218,87220],{"class":87219},"sMMDD"," file",[31,87222,6978],{"class":41},[31,87224,87225,87228,87230,87232,87234,87237],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87226,87227],{"class":37},"    content ",[31,87229,89],{"class":88},[31,87231,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87233,70],{"class":41},[31,87235,87236],{"class":140},"read",[31,87238,1772],{"class":41},[31,87240,87241,87243,87245,87248],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,87242,8657],{"class":133},[31,87244,137],{"class":41},[31,87246,87247],{"class":140},"content",[31,87249,120],{"class":41},[14,87251,2668,87252,87254,87255,87258],{},[28,87253,87178],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[28,87256,87257],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[72,87260,87262],{"id":87261},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,87264,87265,87267],{},[28,87266,87159],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,87269,12051],{},[228,87271,87272,87275,87280,87285],{},[231,87273,87274],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[231,87276,41511,87277,87279],{},[67,87278,5213],{}," read or write anything by itself",[231,87281,18020,87282],{},[67,87283,87284],{},"file object",[231,87286,87287,87288],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[228,87289,87290,87295,87300,87305,87310],{},[231,87291,87292],{},[28,87293,87294],{},"read()",[231,87296,87297],{},[28,87298,87299],{},"readline()",[231,87301,87302],{},[28,87303,87304],{},"readlines()",[231,87306,87307],{},[28,87308,87309],{},"write()",[231,87311,87312],{},[28,87313,87314],{},"close()",[14,87316,242],{},[21,87318,87320],{"className":23,"code":87319,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[28,87321,87322,87361,87376,87386],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87323,87324,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87325,87326],{"class":87219},"file",[31,87328,13873],{"class":88},[31,87330,87181],{"class":133},[31,87332,137],{"class":41},[31,87334,260],{"class":259},[31,87336,87188],{"class":263},[31,87338,260],{"class":259},[31,87340,99],{"class":41},[31,87342,271],{"class":259},[31,87344,61114],{"class":263},[31,87346,260],{"class":259},[31,87348,99],{"class":41},[31,87350,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87352,89],{"class":88},[31,87354,260],{"class":259},[31,87356,87210],{"class":263},[31,87358,260],{"class":259},[31,87360,120],{"class":41},[31,87362,87363,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87364,87365],{"class":37},"content ",[31,87367,89],{"class":88},[31,87369,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87371,70],{"class":41},[31,87373,87236],{"class":140},[31,87375,1772],{"class":41},[31,87377,87378,87380,87382,87384],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,87379,134],{"class":133},[31,87381,137],{"class":41},[31,87383,87247],{"class":140},[31,87385,120],{"class":41},[31,87387,87388,87390,87392,87395],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,87389,87326],{"class":87219},[31,87391,70],{"class":41},[31,87393,87394],{"class":140},"close",[31,87396,1772],{"class":41},[14,87398,87399,87400,87402],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[28,87401,87178],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[72,87404,2733],{"id":2732},[14,87406,87407],{},"A common form is:",[21,87409,87411],{"className":23,"code":87410,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[28,87412,87413],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87414,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87416,43033],{"class":133},[31,87418,137],{"class":41},[31,87420,87326],{"class":87219},[31,87422,99],{"class":41},[31,87424,87425],{"class":140}," mode",[31,87427,99],{"class":41},[31,87429,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87431,89],{"class":88},[31,87433,260],{"class":259},[31,87435,87210],{"class":263},[31,87437,260],{"class":259},[31,87439,120],{"class":41},[14,87441,65654],{},[228,87443,87444,87449,87454],{},[231,87445,87446,87448],{},[28,87447,87326],{}," is the file name or file path",[231,87450,87451,87453],{},[28,87452,21517],{}," controls how the file is opened",[231,87455,87456,87459],{},[28,87457,87458],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,87461,242],{},[21,87463,87465],{"className":23,"code":87464,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[28,87466,87467,87510,87525],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87468,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87470,87178],{"class":4457},[31,87472,87181],{"class":133},[31,87474,137],{"class":41},[31,87476,260],{"class":259},[31,87478,87479],{"class":263},"notes.txt",[31,87481,260],{"class":259},[31,87483,99],{"class":41},[31,87485,271],{"class":259},[31,87487,61114],{"class":263},[31,87489,260],{"class":259},[31,87491,99],{"class":41},[31,87493,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87495,89],{"class":88},[31,87497,260],{"class":259},[31,87499,87210],{"class":263},[31,87501,260],{"class":259},[31,87503,4238],{"class":41},[31,87505,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87507,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87509,6978],{"class":41},[31,87511,87512,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87513,87514],{"class":37},"    text ",[31,87516,89],{"class":88},[31,87518,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87520,70],{"class":41},[31,87522,87236],{"class":140},[31,87524,1772],{"class":41},[31,87526,87527,87529,87531,87533],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,87528,8657],{"class":133},[31,87530,137],{"class":41},[31,87532,35313],{"class":140},[31,87534,120],{"class":41},[14,87536,20556],{},[228,87538,87539,87545,87550],{},[231,87540,87541,87544],{},[28,87542,87543],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[231,87546,87547,87549],{},[28,87548,87257],{}," means open for reading",[231,87551,87552,87555],{},[28,87553,87554],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[72,87557,87559],{"id":87558},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87561,87562],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[228,87564,87565,87570,87576,87581,87587,87593],{},[231,87566,87567,87569],{},[28,87568,87257],{}," = read a text file",[231,87571,87572,87575],{},[28,87573,87574],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[231,87577,87578,87580],{},[28,87579,18695],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[231,87582,87583,87586],{},[28,87584,87585],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[231,87588,87589,87592],{},[28,87590,87591],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[231,87594,87595,87598],{},[28,87596,87597],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87600,2701],{},[21,87602,87604],{"className":23,"code":87603,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[28,87605,87606,87611,87654],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87607,87608],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87609,87610],{"class":157},"# Read a text file\n",[31,87612,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87614,87178],{"class":4457},[31,87616,87181],{"class":133},[31,87618,137],{"class":41},[31,87620,260],{"class":259},[31,87622,87623],{"class":263},"data.txt",[31,87625,260],{"class":259},[31,87627,99],{"class":41},[31,87629,271],{"class":259},[31,87631,61114],{"class":263},[31,87633,260],{"class":259},[31,87635,99],{"class":41},[31,87637,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87639,89],{"class":88},[31,87641,260],{"class":259},[31,87643,87210],{"class":263},[31,87645,260],{"class":259},[31,87647,4238],{"class":41},[31,87649,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87651,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87653,6978],{"class":41},[31,87655,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,87657,8657],{"class":133},[31,87659,137],{"class":41},[31,87661,87326],{"class":87219},[31,87663,70],{"class":41},[31,87665,87236],{"class":140},[31,87667,7781],{"class":41},[21,87669,87671],{"className":23,"code":87670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[28,87672,87673,87678,87720],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87674,87675],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87676,87677],{"class":157},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[31,87679,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87681,87178],{"class":4457},[31,87683,87181],{"class":133},[31,87685,137],{"class":41},[31,87687,260],{"class":259},[31,87689,87623],{"class":263},[31,87691,260],{"class":259},[31,87693,99],{"class":41},[31,87695,271],{"class":259},[31,87697,61097],{"class":263},[31,87699,260],{"class":259},[31,87701,99],{"class":41},[31,87703,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87705,89],{"class":88},[31,87707,260],{"class":259},[31,87709,87210],{"class":263},[31,87711,260],{"class":259},[31,87713,4238],{"class":41},[31,87715,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87717,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87719,6978],{"class":41},[31,87721,87722,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87738,87740],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,87723,87724],{"class":87219},"    file",[31,87726,70],{"class":41},[31,87728,70802],{"class":140},[31,87730,137],{"class":41},[31,87732,260],{"class":259},[31,87734,35472],{"class":263},[31,87736,87737],{"class":35057},"\\n",[31,87739,260],{"class":259},[31,87741,120],{"class":41},[21,87743,87745],{"className":23,"code":87744,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[28,87746,87747,87752,87794],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87748,87749],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87750,87751],{"class":157},"# Append to a text file\n",[31,87753,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87755,87178],{"class":4457},[31,87757,87181],{"class":133},[31,87759,137],{"class":41},[31,87761,260],{"class":259},[31,87763,87623],{"class":263},[31,87765,260],{"class":259},[31,87767,99],{"class":41},[31,87769,271],{"class":259},[31,87771,264],{"class":263},[31,87773,260],{"class":259},[31,87775,99],{"class":41},[31,87777,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87779,89],{"class":88},[31,87781,260],{"class":259},[31,87783,87210],{"class":263},[31,87785,260],{"class":259},[31,87787,4238],{"class":41},[31,87789,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87791,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87793,6978],{"class":41},[31,87795,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87809,87811,87813],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,87797,87724],{"class":87219},[31,87799,70],{"class":41},[31,87801,70802],{"class":140},[31,87803,137],{"class":41},[31,87805,260],{"class":259},[31,87807,87808],{"class":263},"Another line",[31,87810,87737],{"class":35057},[31,87812,260],{"class":259},[31,87814,120],{"class":41},[14,87816,69955,87817,87819],{},[28,87818,87574],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[72,87821,87823],{"id":87822},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87825,87826,22574,87828,70],{},[28,87827,87159],{},[67,87829,87284],{},[14,87831,87832],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[228,87834,87835,87840,87845],{},[231,87836,87837],{},[28,87838,87839],{},"file.read()",[231,87841,87842],{},[28,87843,87844],{},"file.write()",[231,87846,87847],{},[28,87848,87849],{},"file.close()",[14,87851,87852],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87854,242],{},[21,87856,87858],{"className":23,"code":87857,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[28,87859,87860,87902],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87861,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87863,87178],{"class":4457},[31,87865,87181],{"class":133},[31,87867,137],{"class":41},[31,87869,260],{"class":259},[31,87871,87188],{"class":263},[31,87873,260],{"class":259},[31,87875,99],{"class":41},[31,87877,271],{"class":259},[31,87879,61114],{"class":263},[31,87881,260],{"class":259},[31,87883,99],{"class":41},[31,87885,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87887,89],{"class":88},[31,87889,260],{"class":259},[31,87891,87210],{"class":263},[31,87893,260],{"class":259},[31,87895,4238],{"class":41},[31,87897,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87899,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87901,6978],{"class":41},[31,87903,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,87905,8657],{"class":133},[31,87907,137],{"class":41},[31,87909,1562],{"class":1561},[31,87911,137],{"class":41},[31,87913,87326],{"class":87219},[31,87915,1569],{"class":41},[14,87917,30632],{},[21,87919,87921],{"className":23,"code":87920,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[28,87922,87923],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87924,87925,87927,87929,87931,87934,87936],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87926,1593],{"class":88},[31,87928,1597],{"class":1596},[31,87930,379],{"class":259},[31,87932,87933],{"class":263},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[31,87935,370],{"class":259},[31,87937,1606],{"class":88},[14,87939,87940,87941,87943],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[28,87942,87159],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[72,87945,87947],{"id":87946},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87949,87950],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[21,87952,87953],{"className":23,"code":87171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,87954,87955,87997,88011],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,87956,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,87958,87178],{"class":4457},[31,87960,87181],{"class":133},[31,87962,137],{"class":41},[31,87964,260],{"class":259},[31,87966,87188],{"class":263},[31,87968,260],{"class":259},[31,87970,99],{"class":41},[31,87972,271],{"class":259},[31,87974,61114],{"class":263},[31,87976,260],{"class":259},[31,87978,99],{"class":41},[31,87980,87203],{"class":9767},[31,87982,89],{"class":88},[31,87984,260],{"class":259},[31,87986,87210],{"class":263},[31,87988,260],{"class":259},[31,87990,4238],{"class":41},[31,87992,47966],{"class":4457},[31,87994,87220],{"class":87219},[31,87996,6978],{"class":41},[31,87998,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88000,87227],{"class":37},[31,88002,89],{"class":88},[31,88004,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88006,70],{"class":41},[31,88008,87236],{"class":140},[31,88010,1772],{"class":41},[31,88012,88013,88015,88017,88019],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,88014,8657],{"class":133},[31,88016,137],{"class":41},[31,88018,87247],{"class":140},[31,88020,120],{"class":41},[14,88022,88023],{},"Why this is recommended:",[228,88025,88026,88031,88037,88040],{},[231,88027,88028,88030],{},[28,88029,87178],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[231,88032,88033,88034,88036],{},"It is safer than calling ",[28,88035,87314],{}," yourself",[231,88038,88039],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[231,88041,88042],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,88044,84336,88045,88047],{},[28,88046,87178],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[21,88049,88050],{"className":23,"code":87319,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,88051,88052,88090,88104,88114],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88053,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88055,87326],{"class":87219},[31,88057,13873],{"class":88},[31,88059,87181],{"class":133},[31,88061,137],{"class":41},[31,88063,260],{"class":259},[31,88065,87188],{"class":263},[31,88067,260],{"class":259},[31,88069,99],{"class":41},[31,88071,271],{"class":259},[31,88073,61114],{"class":263},[31,88075,260],{"class":259},[31,88077,99],{"class":41},[31,88079,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88081,89],{"class":88},[31,88083,260],{"class":259},[31,88085,87210],{"class":263},[31,88087,260],{"class":259},[31,88089,120],{"class":41},[31,88091,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88093,87365],{"class":37},[31,88095,89],{"class":88},[31,88097,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88099,70],{"class":41},[31,88101,87236],{"class":140},[31,88103,1772],{"class":41},[31,88105,88106,88108,88110,88112],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,88107,134],{"class":133},[31,88109,137],{"class":41},[31,88111,87247],{"class":140},[31,88113,120],{"class":41},[31,88115,88116,88118,88120,88122],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,88117,87326],{"class":87219},[31,88119,70],{"class":41},[31,88121,87394],{"class":140},[31,88123,1772],{"class":41},[14,88125,88126],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[72,88128,88130],{"id":88129},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,88132,88133,88134,88136],{},"Use mode ",[28,88135,87257],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[613,88138,88140],{"id":88139},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,88142,88143,88145],{},[28,88144,87294],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[21,88147,88148],{"className":23,"code":87171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,88149,88150,88192,88206],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88151,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88153,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88155,87181],{"class":133},[31,88157,137],{"class":41},[31,88159,260],{"class":259},[31,88161,87188],{"class":263},[31,88163,260],{"class":259},[31,88165,99],{"class":41},[31,88167,271],{"class":259},[31,88169,61114],{"class":263},[31,88171,260],{"class":259},[31,88173,99],{"class":41},[31,88175,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88177,89],{"class":88},[31,88179,260],{"class":259},[31,88181,87210],{"class":263},[31,88183,260],{"class":259},[31,88185,4238],{"class":41},[31,88187,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88189,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88191,6978],{"class":41},[31,88193,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88195,87227],{"class":37},[31,88197,89],{"class":88},[31,88199,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88201,70],{"class":41},[31,88203,87236],{"class":140},[31,88205,1772],{"class":41},[31,88207,88208,88210,88212,88214],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,88209,8657],{"class":133},[31,88211,137],{"class":41},[31,88213,87247],{"class":140},[31,88215,120],{"class":41},[613,88217,88219],{"id":88218},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,88221,88222,88224],{},[28,88223,87299],{}," reads one line at a time.",[21,88226,88228],{"className":23,"code":88227,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[28,88229,88230,88272,88288],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88231,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88233,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88235,87181],{"class":133},[31,88237,137],{"class":41},[31,88239,260],{"class":259},[31,88241,87188],{"class":263},[31,88243,260],{"class":259},[31,88245,99],{"class":41},[31,88247,271],{"class":259},[31,88249,61114],{"class":263},[31,88251,260],{"class":259},[31,88253,99],{"class":41},[31,88255,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88257,89],{"class":88},[31,88259,260],{"class":259},[31,88261,87210],{"class":263},[31,88263,260],{"class":259},[31,88265,4238],{"class":41},[31,88267,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88269,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88271,6978],{"class":41},[31,88273,88274,88277,88279,88281,88283,88286],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88275,88276],{"class":37},"    first_line ",[31,88278,89],{"class":88},[31,88280,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88282,70],{"class":41},[31,88284,88285],{"class":140},"readline",[31,88287,1772],{"class":41},[31,88289,88290,88292,88294,88297],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,88291,8657],{"class":133},[31,88293,137],{"class":41},[31,88295,88296],{"class":140},"first_line",[31,88298,120],{"class":41},[613,88300,88302],{"id":88301},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,88304,88305],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[21,88307,88309],{"className":23,"code":88308,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[28,88310,88311,88353,88367],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88312,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88314,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88316,87181],{"class":133},[31,88318,137],{"class":41},[31,88320,260],{"class":259},[31,88322,87188],{"class":263},[31,88324,260],{"class":259},[31,88326,99],{"class":41},[31,88328,271],{"class":259},[31,88330,61114],{"class":263},[31,88332,260],{"class":259},[31,88334,99],{"class":41},[31,88336,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88338,89],{"class":88},[31,88340,260],{"class":259},[31,88342,87210],{"class":263},[31,88344,260],{"class":259},[31,88346,4238],{"class":41},[31,88348,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88350,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88352,6978],{"class":41},[31,88354,88355,88358,88361,88363,88365],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88356,88357],{"class":4457},"    for",[31,88359,88360],{"class":37}," line ",[31,88362,4464],{"class":4457},[31,88364,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88366,6978],{"class":41},[31,88368,88369,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,88370,47946],{"class":133},[31,88372,137],{"class":41},[31,88374,33],{"class":140},[31,88376,70],{"class":41},[31,88378,9225],{"class":140},[31,88380,7781],{"class":41},[14,88382,88383,88384,3456,88388,70],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[264,88385,88387],{"href":88386},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[264,88389,88391],{"href":88390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[72,88393,88395],{"id":88394},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,88397,2668,88398,88400],{},[28,88399,87574],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[21,88402,88404],{"className":23,"code":88403,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[28,88405,88406,88449,88470],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88407,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88409,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88411,87181],{"class":133},[31,88413,137],{"class":41},[31,88415,260],{"class":259},[31,88417,88418],{"class":263},"output.txt",[31,88420,260],{"class":259},[31,88422,99],{"class":41},[31,88424,271],{"class":259},[31,88426,61097],{"class":263},[31,88428,260],{"class":259},[31,88430,99],{"class":41},[31,88432,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88434,89],{"class":88},[31,88436,260],{"class":259},[31,88438,87210],{"class":263},[31,88440,260],{"class":259},[31,88442,4238],{"class":41},[31,88444,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88446,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88448,6978],{"class":41},[31,88450,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461,88464,88466,88468],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88452,87724],{"class":87219},[31,88454,70],{"class":41},[31,88456,70802],{"class":140},[31,88458,137],{"class":41},[31,88460,260],{"class":259},[31,88462,88463],{"class":263},"First line",[31,88465,87737],{"class":35057},[31,88467,260],{"class":259},[31,88469,120],{"class":41},[31,88471,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480,88482,88485,88487,88489],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,88473,87724],{"class":87219},[31,88475,70],{"class":41},[31,88477,70802],{"class":140},[31,88479,137],{"class":41},[31,88481,260],{"class":259},[31,88483,88484],{"class":263},"Second line",[31,88486,87737],{"class":35057},[31,88488,260],{"class":259},[31,88490,120],{"class":41},[14,88492,2668,88493,88495],{},[28,88494,18695],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[21,88497,88499],{"className":23,"code":88498,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[28,88500,88501,88543],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88502,88503,88505,88507,88509,88511,88513,88515,88517,88519,88521,88523,88525,88527,88529,88531,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88504,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88506,87181],{"class":133},[31,88508,137],{"class":41},[31,88510,260],{"class":259},[31,88512,88418],{"class":263},[31,88514,260],{"class":259},[31,88516,99],{"class":41},[31,88518,271],{"class":259},[31,88520,264],{"class":263},[31,88522,260],{"class":259},[31,88524,99],{"class":41},[31,88526,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88528,89],{"class":88},[31,88530,260],{"class":259},[31,88532,87210],{"class":263},[31,88534,260],{"class":259},[31,88536,4238],{"class":41},[31,88538,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88540,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88542,6978],{"class":41},[31,88544,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88558,88560,88562],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88546,87724],{"class":87219},[31,88548,70],{"class":41},[31,88550,70802],{"class":140},[31,88552,137],{"class":41},[31,88554,260],{"class":259},[31,88556,88557],{"class":263},"Third line",[31,88559,87737],{"class":35057},[31,88561,260],{"class":259},[31,88563,120],{"class":41},[14,88565,88566],{},"Important detail:",[228,88568,88569,88574,88581],{},[231,88570,88571,88573],{},[28,88572,87309],{}," writes a string",[231,88575,88576,14651,88578,88580],{},[28,88577,87309],{},[67,88579,5213],{}," add a newline for you",[231,88582,88583,88584,88036],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[28,88585,87737],{},[14,88587,88588,88589,3456,88593,70],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[264,88590,88592],{"href":88591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[264,88594,88596],{"href":88595},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[72,88598,88600],{"id":88599},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88602,88603],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[613,88605,88607],{"id":88606},"encodingutf-8",[28,88608,87554],{},[14,88610,88611],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[21,88613,88615],{"className":23,"code":88614,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[28,88616,88617,88660],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88618,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88620,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88622,87181],{"class":133},[31,88624,137],{"class":41},[31,88626,260],{"class":259},[31,88628,88629],{"class":263},"message.txt",[31,88631,260],{"class":259},[31,88633,99],{"class":41},[31,88635,271],{"class":259},[31,88637,61114],{"class":263},[31,88639,260],{"class":259},[31,88641,99],{"class":41},[31,88643,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88645,89],{"class":88},[31,88647,260],{"class":259},[31,88649,87210],{"class":263},[31,88651,260],{"class":259},[31,88653,4238],{"class":41},[31,88655,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88657,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88659,6978],{"class":41},[31,88661,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88663,8657],{"class":133},[31,88665,137],{"class":41},[31,88667,87326],{"class":87219},[31,88669,70],{"class":41},[31,88671,87236],{"class":140},[31,88673,7781],{"class":41},[14,88675,88676],{},"Why it matters:",[228,88678,88679,88682,88685],{},[231,88680,88681],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[231,88683,88684],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[231,88686,88687],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[613,88689,88691],{"id":88690},"newline",[28,88692,88690],{},[14,88694,88695],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88697,88698],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[613,88700,88702],{"id":88701},"buffering",[28,88703,88701],{},[14,88705,88706],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88708,88709],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[72,88711,88713],{"id":88712},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88715,88716],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[613,88718,88720],{"id":88719},"filenotfounderror",[28,88721,88722],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88724,88725],{},"This happens when:",[228,88727,88728,88731,88734],{},[231,88729,88730],{},"the file does not exist",[231,88732,88733],{},"the path is wrong",[231,88735,88736],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88738,242],{},[21,88740,88742],{"className":23,"code":88741,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[28,88743,88744,88787],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88745,88746,88748,88750,88752,88754,88757,88759,88761,88763,88765,88767,88769,88771,88773,88775,88777,88779,88781,88783,88785],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88747,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88749,87181],{"class":133},[31,88751,137],{"class":41},[31,88753,260],{"class":259},[31,88755,88756],{"class":263},"missing.txt",[31,88758,260],{"class":259},[31,88760,99],{"class":41},[31,88762,271],{"class":259},[31,88764,61114],{"class":263},[31,88766,260],{"class":259},[31,88768,99],{"class":41},[31,88770,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88772,89],{"class":88},[31,88774,260],{"class":259},[31,88776,87210],{"class":263},[31,88778,260],{"class":259},[31,88780,4238],{"class":41},[31,88782,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88784,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88786,6978],{"class":41},[31,88788,88789,88791,88793,88795,88797,88799],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88790,8657],{"class":133},[31,88792,137],{"class":41},[31,88794,87326],{"class":87219},[31,88796,70],{"class":41},[31,88798,87236],{"class":140},[31,88800,7781],{"class":41},[14,88802,88803,88804,4975,88812,70],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[264,88805,88807,88808,88811],{"href":88806},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[31,88809,88810],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[264,88813,88815],{"href":88814},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[613,88817,88819],{"id":88818},"permissionerror",[28,88820,88821],{},"PermissionError",[14,88823,88824],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88826,88827],{},"Example causes:",[228,88829,88830,88833,88836],{},[231,88831,88832],{},"the file is protected",[231,88834,88835],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[231,88837,88838],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88840,88841,88842],{},"Related page: ",[264,88843,88845,88846,88849],{"href":88844},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[31,88847,88848],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[613,88851,88853],{"id":88852},"isadirectoryerror",[28,88854,88855],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88857,88858],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88860,242],{},[21,88862,88864],{"className":23,"code":88863,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[28,88865,88866,88909],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,88867,88868,88870,88872,88874,88876,88879,88881,88883,88885,88887,88889,88891,88893,88895,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,88869,87178],{"class":4457},[31,88871,87181],{"class":133},[31,88873,137],{"class":41},[31,88875,260],{"class":259},[31,88877,88878],{"class":263},"my_folder",[31,88880,260],{"class":259},[31,88882,99],{"class":41},[31,88884,271],{"class":259},[31,88886,61114],{"class":263},[31,88888,260],{"class":259},[31,88890,99],{"class":41},[31,88892,87203],{"class":9767},[31,88894,89],{"class":88},[31,88896,260],{"class":259},[31,88898,87210],{"class":263},[31,88900,260],{"class":259},[31,88902,4238],{"class":41},[31,88904,47966],{"class":4457},[31,88906,87220],{"class":87219},[31,88908,6978],{"class":41},[31,88910,88911,88913,88915,88917,88919,88921],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,88912,8657],{"class":133},[31,88914,137],{"class":41},[31,88916,87326],{"class":87219},[31,88918,70],{"class":41},[31,88920,87236],{"class":140},[31,88922,7781],{"class":41},[14,88924,88841,88925],{},[264,88926,88928,88929,88932],{"href":88927},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[31,88930,88931],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[613,88934,88936],{"id":88935},"unicodedecodeerror",[28,88937,88938],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88940,88941,88942,70],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[28,88943,87159],{},[14,88945,88841,88946],{},[264,88947,88949],{"href":88948},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[72,88951,88953],{"id":88952},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88955,88956,88957,88959],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[28,88958,87159],{}," function.",[14,88961,88962],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[228,88964,88965,88968,88971,88977],{},[231,88966,88967],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[231,88969,88970],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[231,88972,88973,88974,88976],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[28,88975,87159],{}," itself",[231,88978,88979,88980],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[264,88981,88983],{"href":88982},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[72,88985,3407],{"id":3406},[14,88987,88988,88989,48],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[28,88990,87159],{},[228,88992,88993,88998,89004,89009,89012,89015],{},[231,88994,9007,88995,88997],{},[28,88996,87257],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[231,88999,89000,89001,89003],{},"Forgetting to use ",[28,89002,87458],{}," for text files",[231,89005,9007,89006,89008],{},[28,89007,87574],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[231,89010,89011],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[231,89013,89014],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[231,89016,89017],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,89019,89020],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[21,89022,89024],{"className":23,"code":89023,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[28,89025,89026,89033],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89027,89028,89030],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89029,35696],{"class":4457},[31,89031,89032],{"class":37}," os\n",[31,89034,89035,89037,89039,89041,89043,89046],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89036,134],{"class":133},[31,89038,137],{"class":41},[31,89040,43232],{"class":140},[31,89042,70],{"class":41},[31,89044,89045],{"class":140},"getcwd",[31,89047,7781],{"class":41},[14,89049,89050],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[21,89052,89054],{"className":23,"code":89053,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[28,89055,89056,89062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89057,89058,89060],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89059,35696],{"class":4457},[31,89061,89032],{"class":37},[31,89063,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89075,89077,89080,89082,89084,89086,89088],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89065,134],{"class":133},[31,89067,137],{"class":41},[31,89069,43232],{"class":140},[31,89071,70],{"class":41},[31,89073,89074],{"class":25350},"path",[31,89076,70],{"class":41},[31,89078,89079],{"class":140},"exists",[31,89081,137],{"class":41},[31,89083,260],{"class":259},[31,89085,87188],{"class":263},[31,89087,260],{"class":259},[31,89089,1569],{"class":41},[14,89091,89092],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[21,89094,89096],{"className":23,"code":89095,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[28,89097,89098,89104],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89099,89100,89102],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89101,35696],{"class":4457},[31,89103,89032],{"class":37},[31,89105,89106,89108,89110,89112,89114,89116,89118,89121,89123,89125,89127,89129],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89107,134],{"class":133},[31,89109,137],{"class":41},[31,89111,43232],{"class":140},[31,89113,70],{"class":41},[31,89115,89074],{"class":25350},[31,89117,70],{"class":41},[31,89119,89120],{"class":140},"isfile",[31,89122,137],{"class":41},[31,89124,260],{"class":259},[31,89126,87188],{"class":263},[31,89128,260],{"class":259},[31,89130,1569],{"class":41},[14,89132,89133],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[21,89135,89137],{"className":23,"code":89136,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[28,89138,89139,89181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89140,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89142,87178],{"class":4457},[31,89144,87181],{"class":133},[31,89146,137],{"class":41},[31,89148,260],{"class":259},[31,89150,87188],{"class":263},[31,89152,260],{"class":259},[31,89154,99],{"class":41},[31,89156,271],{"class":259},[31,89158,61114],{"class":263},[31,89160,260],{"class":259},[31,89162,99],{"class":41},[31,89164,87203],{"class":9767},[31,89166,89],{"class":88},[31,89168,260],{"class":259},[31,89170,87210],{"class":263},[31,89172,260],{"class":259},[31,89174,4238],{"class":41},[31,89176,47966],{"class":4457},[31,89178,87220],{"class":87219},[31,89180,6978],{"class":41},[31,89182,89183,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89184,8657],{"class":133},[31,89186,137],{"class":41},[31,89188,87326],{"class":87219},[31,89190,70],{"class":41},[31,89192,87236],{"class":140},[31,89194,7781],{"class":41},[14,89196,89197],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[72,89199,2435],{"id":2434},[613,89201,89203],{"id":89202},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,89205,89206],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[613,89208,89210],{"id":89209},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,89212,89213,89214,89216],{},"Use it inside a ",[28,89215,87178],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[613,89218,5762,89220,4975,89222,89224],{"id":89219},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[28,89221,87574],{},[28,89223,18695],{}," mode?",[14,89226,89227,89229,89230,89232],{},[28,89228,87574],{}," overwrites the file. ",[28,89231,18695],{}," adds new content to the end.",[613,89234,89236],{"id":89235},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,89238,89239],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[613,89241,89243],{"id":89242},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,89245,89246,89247,89249],{},"It is a good habit. ",[28,89248,87554],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[72,89251,2475],{"id":2474},[228,89253,89254,89258,89262,89266,89270,89274,89278,89284],{},[231,89255,89256],{},[264,89257,88387],{"href":88386},[231,89259,89260],{},[264,89261,88592],{"href":88591},[231,89263,89264],{},[264,89265,88596],{"href":88595},[231,89267,89268],{},[264,89269,88391],{"href":88390},[231,89271,89272],{},[264,89273,88983],{"href":88982},[231,89275,89276],{},[264,89277,88815],{"href":88814},[231,89279,89280],{},[264,89281,88807,89282,88811],{"href":88806},[31,89283,88810],{},[231,89285,89286],{},[264,89287,88845,89288,88849],{"href":88844},[31,89289,88848],{},[2499,89291,89292],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":89294},[89295,89296,89297,89298,89299,89300,89301,89306,89307,89312,89318,89319,89320,89328],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":87261,"depth":123,"text":87262},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":87558,"depth":123,"text":87559},{"id":87822,"depth":123,"text":87823},{"id":87946,"depth":123,"text":87947},{"id":88129,"depth":123,"text":88130,"children":89302},[89303,89304,89305],{"id":88139,"depth":130,"text":88140},{"id":88218,"depth":130,"text":88219},{"id":88301,"depth":130,"text":88302},{"id":88394,"depth":123,"text":88395},{"id":88599,"depth":123,"text":88600,"children":89308},[89309,89310,89311],{"id":88606,"depth":130,"text":87554},{"id":88690,"depth":130,"text":88690},{"id":88701,"depth":130,"text":88701},{"id":88712,"depth":123,"text":88713,"children":89313},[89314,89315,89316,89317],{"id":88719,"depth":130,"text":88722},{"id":88818,"depth":130,"text":88821},{"id":88852,"depth":130,"text":88855},{"id":88935,"depth":130,"text":88938},{"id":88952,"depth":123,"text":88953},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":89321},[89322,89323,89324,89326,89327],{"id":89202,"depth":130,"text":89203},{"id":89209,"depth":130,"text":89210},{"id":89219,"depth":130,"text":89325},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89235,"depth":130,"text":89236},{"id":89242,"depth":130,"text":89243},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87149,"description":89329},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89336,"title":89337,"body":89338,"description":91333,"extension":2542,"meta":91334,"navigation":126,"path":91335,"seo":91336,"stem":91337,"__hash__":91338},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89339,"toc":91280},[89340,89345,89350,89356,89358,89426,89428,89447,89452,89457,89462,89465,89477,89479,89522,89524,89542,89553,89555,89557,89582,89584,89595,89597,89657,89659,89685,89688,89692,89697,89701,89704,89738,89742,89745,89770,89774,89797,89801,89834,89839,89843,89848,89851,89919,89921,89945,89950,89953,89984,89986,90018,90035,90039,90044,90068,90075,90080,90085,90088,90092,90127,90129,90138,90142,90233,90235,90266,90271,90278,90283,90292,90295,90329,90331,90345,90349,90390,90392,90401,90405,90453,90455,90469,90474,90485,90492,90498,90500,90535,90537,90551,90554,90576,90582,90611,90622,90628,90634,90648,90650,90729,90731,90781,90788,90790,90795,90799,90802,90817,90822,90824,90843,90849,90852,90867,90869,90887,90893,90898,90928,90931,90954,90957,90984,90991,90997,91005,91028,91033,91041,91043,91063,91067,91073,91123,91126,91148,91150,91156,91164,91170,91176,91184,91189,91193,91196,91219,91224,91231,91243,91245,91277],[10,89341,4152,89343,4156],{"id":89342},"python-print-function-explained",[28,89344,47060],{},[14,89346,32921,89347,89349],{},[28,89348,47060],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,89351,89352,89353,89355],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[28,89354,47060],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[72,89357,75],{"id":74},[21,89359,89361],{"className":23,"code":89360,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[28,89362,89363,89375,89384,89388,89398,89408],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89364,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89366,8464],{"class":37},[31,89368,89],{"class":88},[31,89370,271],{"class":259},[31,89372,8509],{"class":263},[31,89374,3934],{"class":259},[31,89376,89377,89379,89381],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89378,22227],{"class":37},[31,89380,89],{"class":88},[31,89382,89383],{"class":95}," 12\n",[31,89385,89386],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89387,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,89389,89390,89392,89394,89396],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,89391,134],{"class":133},[31,89393,137],{"class":41},[31,89395,8256],{"class":140},[31,89397,120],{"class":41},[31,89399,89400,89402,89404,89406],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,89401,134],{"class":133},[31,89403,137],{"class":41},[31,89405,9890],{"class":140},[31,89407,120],{"class":41},[31,89409,89410,89412,89414,89416,89418,89420,89422,89424],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,89411,134],{"class":133},[31,89413,137],{"class":41},[31,89415,260],{"class":259},[31,89417,35472],{"class":263},[31,89419,260],{"class":259},[31,89421,99],{"class":41},[31,89423,36598],{"class":140},[31,89425,120],{"class":41},[14,89427,358],{},[21,89429,89431],{"className":23,"code":89430,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[28,89432,89433,89438,89442],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89434,89435],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89436,89437],{"class":37},"Mia\n",[31,89439,89440],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89441,2802],{"class":95},[31,89443,89444],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89445,89446],{"class":37},"Hello Mia\n",[14,89448,2668,89449,89451],{},[28,89450,47060],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[72,89453,4255,89455,4258],{"id":89454},"what-print-does",[28,89456,47060],{},[14,89458,89459,89461],{},[28,89460,47060],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,89463,89464],{},"You can use it to display:",[228,89466,89467,89469,89471,89474],{},[231,89468,35313],{},[231,89470,141],{},[231,89472,89473],{},"variables",[231,89475,89476],{},"expressions",[14,89478,242],{},[21,89480,89482],{"className":23,"code":89481,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[28,89483,89484,89498,89508],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89485,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89487,134],{"class":133},[31,89489,137],{"class":41},[31,89491,260],{"class":259},[31,89493,35472],{"class":263},[31,89495,260],{"class":259},[31,89497,120],{"class":41},[31,89499,89500,89502,89504,89506],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89501,134],{"class":133},[31,89503,137],{"class":41},[31,89505,559],{"class":95},[31,89507,120],{"class":41},[31,89509,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89511,134],{"class":133},[31,89513,137],{"class":41},[31,89515,193],{"class":95},[31,89517,3030],{"class":88},[31,89519,3027],{"class":95},[31,89521,120],{"class":41},[14,89523,358],{},[21,89525,89527],{"className":23,"code":89526,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[28,89528,89529,89534,89538],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89530,89531],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89532,89533],{"class":37},"Hello\n",[31,89535,89536],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89537,3525],{"class":95},[31,89539,89540],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89541,3525],{"class":95},[14,89543,89544,89545,89547,89548,89552],{},"A very important detail is that ",[28,89546,47060],{}," ",[67,89549,4270,89550],{},[28,89551,4357],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[72,89554,2733],{"id":2732},[14,89556,31328],{},[21,89558,89560],{"className":23,"code":89559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[28,89561,89562],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89563,89564,89566,89568,89571,89573,89576,89578,89580],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89565,134],{"class":133},[31,89567,137],{"class":41},[31,89569,89570],{"class":140},"object1",[31,89572,99],{"class":41},[31,89574,89575],{"class":140}," object2",[31,89577,99],{"class":41},[31,89579,35058],{"class":133},[31,89581,120],{"class":41},[14,89583,80788],{},[228,89585,89586,89589,89592],{},[231,89587,89588],{},"one value",[231,89590,89591],{},"many values",[231,89593,89594],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89596,242],{},[21,89598,89600],{"className":23,"code":89599,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[28,89601,89602,89616,89635],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89603,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89605,134],{"class":133},[31,89607,137],{"class":41},[31,89609,260],{"class":259},[31,89611,58377],{"class":263},[31,89613,260],{"class":259},[31,89615,120],{"class":41},[31,89617,89618,89620,89622,89624,89627,89629,89631,89633],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89619,134],{"class":133},[31,89621,137],{"class":41},[31,89623,260],{"class":259},[31,89625,89626],{"class":263},"Score:",[31,89628,260],{"class":259},[31,89630,99],{"class":41},[31,89632,1026],{"class":95},[31,89634,120],{"class":41},[31,89636,89637,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647,89649,89651,89653,89655],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89638,134],{"class":133},[31,89640,137],{"class":41},[31,89642,260],{"class":259},[31,89644,46171],{"class":263},[31,89646,260],{"class":259},[31,89648,99],{"class":41},[31,89650,3033],{"class":95},[31,89652,3030],{"class":88},[31,89654,38248],{"class":95},[31,89656,120],{"class":41},[14,89658,358],{},[21,89660,89662],{"className":23,"code":89661,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[28,89663,89664,89668,89677],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89665,89666],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89667,85940],{"class":37},[31,89669,89670,89673,89675],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89671,89672],{"class":37},"Score",[31,89674,48],{"class":41},[31,89676,3163],{"class":95},[31,89678,89679,89681,89683],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89680,46211],{"class":37},[31,89682,48],{"class":41},[31,89684,3163],{"class":95},[14,89686,89687],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[72,89689,89691],{"id":89690},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89693,89694,89695,70],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[28,89696,47060],{},[613,89698,89700],{"id":89699},"print-text","Print text",[14,89702,89703],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[21,89705,89707],{"className":23,"code":89706,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[28,89708,89709,89723],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89710,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89712,134],{"class":133},[31,89714,137],{"class":41},[31,89716,260],{"class":259},[31,89718,35472],{"class":263},[31,89720,260],{"class":259},[31,89722,120],{"class":41},[31,89724,89725,89727,89729,89731,89734,89736],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89726,134],{"class":133},[31,89728,137],{"class":41},[31,89730,260],{"class":259},[31,89732,89733],{"class":263},"Python is fun",[31,89735,260],{"class":259},[31,89737,120],{"class":41},[613,89739,89741],{"id":89740},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89743,89744],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[21,89746,89748],{"className":23,"code":89747,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[28,89749,89750,89760],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89751,89752,89754,89756,89758],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89753,134],{"class":133},[31,89755,137],{"class":41},[31,89757,559],{"class":95},[31,89759,120],{"class":41},[31,89761,89762,89764,89766,89768],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89763,134],{"class":133},[31,89765,137],{"class":41},[31,89767,40748],{"class":95},[31,89769,120],{"class":41},[613,89771,89773],{"id":89772},"print-variables","Print variables",[21,89775,89777],{"className":23,"code":89776,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[28,89778,89779,89787],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89780,89781,89783,89785],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89782,5678],{"class":37},[31,89784,89],{"class":88},[31,89786,14728],{"class":95},[31,89788,89789,89791,89793,89795],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89790,134],{"class":133},[31,89792,137],{"class":41},[31,89794,86104],{"class":140},[31,89796,120],{"class":41},[613,89798,89800],{"id":89799},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[21,89802,89804],{"className":23,"code":89803,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[28,89805,89806,89820],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89807,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89809,134],{"class":133},[31,89811,137],{"class":41},[31,89813,193],{"class":95},[31,89815,3030],{"class":88},[31,89817,3027],{"class":95},[31,89819,120],{"class":41},[31,89821,89822,89824,89826,89828,89830,89832],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89823,134],{"class":133},[31,89825,137],{"class":41},[31,89827,96],{"class":95},[31,89829,83416],{"class":88},[31,89831,3033],{"class":95},[31,89833,120],{"class":41},[14,89835,89836,89837,70],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[264,89838,51584],{"href":51583},[72,89840,89842],{"id":89841},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89844,89845,89847],{},[28,89846,47060],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89849,89850],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[21,89852,89854],{"className":23,"code":89853,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[28,89855,89856,89869,89877,89881,89900],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89857,89858,89860,89862,89864,89867],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89859,8464],{"class":37},[31,89861,89],{"class":88},[31,89863,271],{"class":259},[31,89865,89866],{"class":263},"Ava",[31,89868,3934],{"class":259},[31,89870,89871,89873,89875],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89872,22227],{"class":37},[31,89874,89],{"class":88},[31,89876,3163],{"class":95},[31,89878,89879],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,89880,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,89882,89883,89885,89887,89889,89892,89894,89896,89898],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,89884,134],{"class":133},[31,89886,137],{"class":41},[31,89888,260],{"class":259},[31,89890,89891],{"class":263},"Name:",[31,89893,260],{"class":259},[31,89895,99],{"class":41},[31,89897,36598],{"class":140},[31,89899,120],{"class":41},[31,89901,89902,89904,89906,89908,89911,89913,89915,89917],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,89903,134],{"class":133},[31,89905,137],{"class":41},[31,89907,260],{"class":259},[31,89909,89910],{"class":263},"Age:",[31,89912,260],{"class":259},[31,89914,99],{"class":41},[31,89916,9780],{"class":140},[31,89918,120],{"class":41},[14,89920,358],{},[21,89922,89924],{"className":23,"code":89923,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[28,89925,89926,89936],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89927,89928,89931,89933],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89929,89930],{"class":37},"Name",[31,89932,48],{"class":41},[31,89934,89935],{"class":37}," Ava\n",[31,89937,89938,89941,89943],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89939,89940],{"class":37},"Age",[31,89942,48],{"class":41},[31,89944,3163],{"class":95},[14,89946,89947,89948,70],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[28,89949,2636],{},[14,89951,89952],{},"For example, this works:",[21,89954,89956],{"className":23,"code":89955,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[28,89957,89958,89966],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89959,89960,89962,89964],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89961,22227],{"class":37},[31,89963,89],{"class":88},[31,89965,3163],{"class":95},[31,89967,89968,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,89969,134],{"class":133},[31,89971,137],{"class":41},[31,89973,260],{"class":259},[31,89975,89910],{"class":263},[31,89977,260],{"class":259},[31,89979,99],{"class":41},[31,89981,9780],{"class":140},[31,89983,120],{"class":41},[14,89985,37530],{},[21,89987,89989],{"className":23,"code":89988,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[28,89990,89991,89999],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,89992,89993,89995,89997],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,89994,22227],{"class":37},[31,89996,89],{"class":88},[31,89998,3163],{"class":95},[31,90000,90001,90003,90005,90007,90010,90012,90014,90016],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90002,134],{"class":133},[31,90004,137],{"class":41},[31,90006,260],{"class":259},[31,90008,90009],{"class":263},"Age: ",[31,90011,260],{"class":259},[31,90013,3030],{"class":88},[31,90015,9780],{"class":140},[31,90017,120],{"class":41},[14,90019,90020,90021,90024,90025,90027,90028,90030,90031,70],{},"That fails because ",[28,90022,90023],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[28,90026,9890],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[28,90029,2636],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[264,90032,90033],{"href":42781},[28,90034,48292],{},[72,90036,90038],{"id":90037},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,90040,90041,90043],{},[28,90042,47060],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[228,90045,90046,90052,90057,90062],{},[231,90047,90048,90051],{},[28,90049,90050],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[231,90053,90054,90056],{},[28,90055,53269],{}," controls what is added after the output",[231,90058,90059,90061],{},[28,90060,87326],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[231,90063,90064,90067],{},[28,90065,90066],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,90069,90070,90071,4975,90073,70],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[28,90072,90050],{},[28,90074,53269],{},[72,90076,90078,37220],{"id":90077},"sep-argument",[28,90079,90050],{},[14,90081,62,90082,90084],{},[28,90083,90050],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,90086,90087],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[613,90089,90091],{"id":90090},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[21,90093,90095],{"className":23,"code":90094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[28,90096,90097],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90098,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90100,134],{"class":133},[31,90102,137],{"class":41},[31,90104,260],{"class":259},[31,90106,13689],{"class":263},[31,90108,260],{"class":259},[31,90110,99],{"class":41},[31,90112,271],{"class":259},[31,90114,18054],{"class":263},[31,90116,260],{"class":259},[31,90118,99],{"class":41},[31,90120,271],{"class":259},[31,90122,13706],{"class":263},[31,90124,260],{"class":259},[31,90126,120],{"class":41},[14,90128,358],{},[21,90130,90132],{"className":23,"code":90131,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"red green blue\n",[28,90133,90134],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90135,90136],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90137,90131],{"class":37},[613,90139,90141],{"id":90140},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[21,90143,90145],{"className":23,"code":90144,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[28,90146,90147,90190],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90148,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175,90177,90180,90182,90184,90186,90188],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90150,134],{"class":133},[31,90152,137],{"class":41},[31,90154,260],{"class":259},[31,90156,13689],{"class":263},[31,90158,260],{"class":259},[31,90160,99],{"class":41},[31,90162,271],{"class":259},[31,90164,18054],{"class":263},[31,90166,260],{"class":259},[31,90168,99],{"class":41},[31,90170,271],{"class":259},[31,90172,13706],{"class":263},[31,90174,260],{"class":259},[31,90176,99],{"class":41},[31,90178,90179],{"class":9767}," sep",[31,90181,89],{"class":88},[31,90183,260],{"class":259},[31,90185,99],{"class":263},[31,90187,260],{"class":259},[31,90189,120],{"class":41},[31,90191,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90229,90231],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90193,134],{"class":133},[31,90195,137],{"class":41},[31,90197,260],{"class":259},[31,90199,13689],{"class":263},[31,90201,260],{"class":259},[31,90203,99],{"class":41},[31,90205,271],{"class":259},[31,90207,18054],{"class":263},[31,90209,260],{"class":259},[31,90211,99],{"class":41},[31,90213,271],{"class":259},[31,90215,13706],{"class":263},[31,90217,260],{"class":259},[31,90219,99],{"class":41},[31,90221,90179],{"class":9767},[31,90223,89],{"class":88},[31,90225,260],{"class":259},[31,90227,90228],{"class":263}," - ",[31,90230,260],{"class":259},[31,90232,120],{"class":41},[14,90234,358],{},[21,90236,90238],{"className":23,"code":90237,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[28,90239,90240,90252],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90241,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90243,13689],{"class":37},[31,90245,99],{"class":41},[31,90247,18054],{"class":37},[31,90249,99],{"class":41},[31,90251,70589],{"class":37},[31,90253,90254,90257,90259,90262,90264],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90255,90256],{"class":37},"red ",[31,90258,212],{"class":88},[31,90260,90261],{"class":37}," green ",[31,90263,212],{"class":88},[31,90265,36487],{"class":37},[14,90267,90268,90270],{},[28,90269,90050],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,90272,90273,90274,70],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[264,90275,90277],{"href":90276},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[72,90279,90281,37220],{"id":90280},"end-argument",[28,90282,53269],{},[14,90284,90285,90286,90288,90289,90291],{},"By default, ",[28,90287,47060],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[28,90290,47060],{}," starts on a new line.",[613,90293,90091],{"id":90294},"default-behavior-1",[21,90296,90298],{"className":23,"code":90297,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[28,90299,90300,90314],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90301,90302,90304,90306,90308,90310,90312],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90303,134],{"class":133},[31,90305,137],{"class":41},[31,90307,260],{"class":259},[31,90309,35472],{"class":263},[31,90311,260],{"class":259},[31,90313,120],{"class":41},[31,90315,90316,90318,90320,90322,90325,90327],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90317,134],{"class":133},[31,90319,137],{"class":41},[31,90321,260],{"class":259},[31,90323,90324],{"class":263},"World",[31,90326,260],{"class":259},[31,90328,120],{"class":41},[14,90330,358],{},[21,90332,90334],{"className":23,"code":90333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello\nWorld\n",[28,90335,90336,90340],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90337,90338],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90339,89533],{"class":37},[31,90341,90342],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90343,90344],{"class":37},"World\n",[613,90346,90348],{"id":90347},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[21,90350,90352],{"className":23,"code":90351,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[28,90353,90354,90376],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90355,90356,90358,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90357,134],{"class":133},[31,90359,137],{"class":41},[31,90361,260],{"class":259},[31,90363,35472],{"class":263},[31,90365,260],{"class":259},[31,90367,99],{"class":41},[31,90369,65649],{"class":9767},[31,90371,89],{"class":88},[31,90373,6856],{"class":259},[31,90375,120],{"class":41},[31,90377,90378,90380,90382,90384,90386,90388],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90379,134],{"class":133},[31,90381,137],{"class":41},[31,90383,260],{"class":259},[31,90385,90324],{"class":263},[31,90387,260],{"class":259},[31,90389,120],{"class":41},[14,90391,358],{},[21,90393,90395],{"className":23,"code":90394,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"HelloWorld\n",[28,90396,90397],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90398,90399],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90400,90394],{"class":37},[613,90402,90404],{"id":90403},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[21,90406,90408],{"className":23,"code":90407,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[28,90409,90410,90439],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90411,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422,90424,90426,90428,90430,90433,90435,90437],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90413,134],{"class":133},[31,90415,137],{"class":41},[31,90417,260],{"class":259},[31,90419,35472],{"class":263},[31,90421,260],{"class":259},[31,90423,99],{"class":41},[31,90425,65649],{"class":9767},[31,90427,89],{"class":88},[31,90429,260],{"class":259},[31,90431,90432],{"class":263},"!",[31,90434,87737],{"class":35057},[31,90436,260],{"class":259},[31,90438,120],{"class":41},[31,90440,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90442,134],{"class":133},[31,90444,137],{"class":41},[31,90446,260],{"class":259},[31,90448,90324],{"class":263},[31,90450,260],{"class":259},[31,90452,120],{"class":41},[14,90454,358],{},[21,90456,90458],{"className":23,"code":90457,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[28,90459,90460,90465],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90461,90462],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90463,90464],{"class":37},"Hello!\n",[31,90466,90467],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90468,90344],{"class":37},[14,90470,62,90471,90473],{},[28,90472,53269],{}," argument is useful for:",[228,90475,90476,90479,90482],{},[231,90477,90478],{},"progress messages",[231,90480,90481],{},"inline output",[231,90483,90484],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[72,90486,90488,2972,90490],{"id":90487},"print-returns-none",[28,90489,47060],{},[28,90491,4357],{},[14,90493,90494,90495,90497],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[28,90496,47060],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,90499,242],{},[21,90501,90503],{"className":23,"code":90502,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[28,90504,90505,90525],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90506,90507,90509,90511,90514,90516,90518,90521,90523],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90508,1522],{"class":37},[31,90510,89],{"class":88},[31,90512,90513],{"class":133}," print",[31,90515,137],{"class":41},[31,90517,260],{"class":259},[31,90519,90520],{"class":263},"Hi",[31,90522,260],{"class":259},[31,90524,120],{"class":41},[31,90526,90527,90529,90531,90533],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90528,134],{"class":133},[31,90530,137],{"class":41},[31,90532,1550],{"class":140},[31,90534,120],{"class":41},[14,90536,358],{},[21,90538,90540],{"className":23,"code":90539,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hi\nNone\n",[28,90541,90542,90547],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90543,90544],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90545,90546],{"class":37},"Hi\n",[31,90548,90549],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90550,12402],{"class":4432},[14,90552,90553],{},"Why does this happen?",[228,90555,90556,90564,90569],{},[231,90557,90558,90561,90562],{},[28,90559,90560],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[28,90563,90520],{},[231,90565,90566,90567],{},"but the function itself returns ",[28,90568,4357],{},[231,90570,90571,90572,12514,90574],{},"so ",[28,90573,1550],{},[28,90575,4357],{},[14,90577,90578,90579,90581],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[28,90580,47060],{}," call.",[21,90583,90585],{"className":23,"code":90584,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[28,90586,90587,90600],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90588,90589,90592,90594,90596,90598],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90590,90591],{"class":37},"message ",[31,90593,89],{"class":88},[31,90595,271],{"class":259},[31,90597,90520],{"class":263},[31,90599,3934],{"class":259},[31,90601,90602,90604,90606,90609],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90603,134],{"class":133},[31,90605,137],{"class":41},[31,90607,90608],{"class":140},"message",[31,90610,120],{"class":41},[14,90612,90613,90614,90616,90617,90621],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[28,90615,47060],{}," with functions like ",[264,90618,90619],{"href":8808},[28,90620,3536],{},", which do return a value.",[72,90623,90625,90626],{"id":90624},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[28,90627,47060],{},[14,90629,90630,90631,90633],{},"Beginners use ",[28,90632,47060],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[228,90635,90636,90639,90642,90645],{},[231,90637,90638],{},"to display results to the user",[231,90640,90641],{},"to show messages in a script",[231,90643,90644],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[231,90646,90647],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90649,242],{},[21,90651,90653],{"className":23,"code":90652,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[28,90654,90655,90663,90667,90687,90698],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90656,90657,90659,90661],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90658,41788],{"class":37},[31,90660,89],{"class":88},[31,90662,39118],{"class":95},[31,90664,90665],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90666,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,90668,90669,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681,90683,90685],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,90670,6543],{"class":4457},[31,90672,6971],{"class":37},[31,90674,4464],{"class":4457},[31,90676,54679],{"class":133},[31,90678,137],{"class":41},[31,90680,146],{"class":95},[31,90682,99],{"class":41},[31,90684,3033],{"class":95},[31,90686,8931],{"class":41},[31,90688,90689,90692,90695],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,90690,90691],{"class":37},"    total ",[31,90693,90694],{"class":88},"+=",[31,90696,90697],{"class":37}," number\n",[31,90699,90700,90702,90704,90706,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,90701,8657],{"class":133},[31,90703,137],{"class":41},[31,90705,260],{"class":259},[31,90707,90708],{"class":263},"Current number:",[31,90710,260],{"class":259},[31,90712,99],{"class":41},[31,90714,2774],{"class":140},[31,90716,99],{"class":41},[31,90718,271],{"class":259},[31,90720,46171],{"class":263},[31,90722,260],{"class":259},[31,90724,99],{"class":41},[31,90726,46178],{"class":140},[31,90728,120],{"class":41},[14,90730,358],{},[21,90732,90734],{"className":23,"code":90733,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[28,90735,90736,90752,90766],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90737,90738,90741,90743,90745,90748,90750],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90739,90740],{"class":37},"Current number",[31,90742,48],{"class":41},[31,90744,6082],{"class":95},[31,90746,90747],{"class":37}," Total",[31,90749,48],{"class":41},[31,90751,30217],{"class":95},[31,90753,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90755,90740],{"class":37},[31,90757,48],{"class":41},[31,90759,3571],{"class":95},[31,90761,90747],{"class":37},[31,90763,48],{"class":41},[31,90765,3153],{"class":95},[31,90767,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,90769,90740],{"class":37},[31,90771,48],{"class":41},[31,90773,3027],{"class":95},[31,90775,90747],{"class":37},[31,90777,48],{"class":41},[31,90779,90780],{"class":95}," 6\n",[14,90782,90783,90784,70],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[264,90785,90787],{"href":90786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[72,90789,3407],{"id":3406},[14,90791,90792,90793,70],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[28,90794,47060],{},[613,90796,90798],{"id":90797},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90800,90801],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[21,90803,90805],{"className":23,"code":90804,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(Hello)\n",[28,90806,90807],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90808,90809,90811,90813,90815],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90810,134],{"class":133},[31,90812,137],{"class":41},[31,90814,35472],{"class":140},[31,90816,120],{"class":41},[14,90818,9466,90819,90821],{},[28,90820,35472],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90823,11400],{},[21,90825,90827],{"className":23,"code":90826,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[28,90828,90829],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90830,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90832,134],{"class":133},[31,90834,137],{"class":41},[31,90836,260],{"class":259},[31,90838,35472],{"class":263},[31,90840,260],{"class":259},[31,90842,120],{"class":41},[613,90844,9007,90846,90848],{"id":90845},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[28,90847,134],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90850,90851],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[21,90853,90855],{"className":23,"code":90854,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print \"Hello\"\n",[28,90856,90857],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90858,90859,90861,90863,90865],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90860,134],{"class":133},[31,90862,271],{"class":259},[31,90864,35472],{"class":263},[31,90866,3934],{"class":259},[14,90868,11400],{},[21,90870,90871],{"className":23,"code":90826,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,90872,90873],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90874,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90876,134],{"class":133},[31,90878,137],{"class":41},[31,90880,260],{"class":259},[31,90882,35472],{"class":263},[31,90884,260],{"class":259},[31,90886,120],{"class":41},[613,90888,90890,90891],{"id":90889},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[28,90892,2636],{},[14,90894,90895,90896,70],{},"This causes a ",[28,90897,3583],{},[21,90899,90900],{"className":23,"code":89988,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,90901,90902,90910],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90903,90904,90906,90908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90905,22227],{"class":37},[31,90907,89],{"class":88},[31,90909,3163],{"class":95},[31,90911,90912,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,90913,134],{"class":133},[31,90915,137],{"class":41},[31,90917,260],{"class":259},[31,90919,90009],{"class":263},[31,90921,260],{"class":259},[31,90923,3030],{"class":88},[31,90925,9780],{"class":140},[31,90927,120],{"class":41},[14,90929,90930],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[21,90932,90934],{"className":23,"code":90933,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[28,90935,90936],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90937,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90939,134],{"class":133},[31,90941,137],{"class":41},[31,90943,260],{"class":259},[31,90945,89910],{"class":263},[31,90947,260],{"class":259},[31,90949,99],{"class":41},[31,90951,9780],{"class":140},[31,90953,120],{"class":41},[14,90955,90956],{},"Or convert the number first:",[21,90958,90960],{"className":23,"code":90959,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[28,90961,90962],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,90963,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,90965,134],{"class":133},[31,90967,137],{"class":41},[31,90969,260],{"class":259},[31,90971,90009],{"class":263},[31,90973,260],{"class":259},[31,90975,3030],{"class":88},[31,90977,49513],{"class":1561},[31,90979,137],{"class":41},[31,90981,9890],{"class":140},[31,90983,1569],{"class":41},[14,90985,90986,90987,70],{},"If you see this error, read ",[264,90988,90990],{"href":90989},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[613,90992,9043,90994,90996],{"id":90993},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[28,90995,47060],{}," to return a value",[14,90998,90999,91000,35935,91003,48],{},"This does not store ",[28,91001,91002],{},"\"Hello\"",[28,91004,1550],{},[21,91006,91008],{"className":23,"code":91007,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[28,91009,91010],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91011,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024,91026],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91013,1522],{"class":37},[31,91015,89],{"class":88},[31,91017,90513],{"class":133},[31,91019,137],{"class":41},[31,91021,260],{"class":259},[31,91023,35472],{"class":263},[31,91025,260],{"class":259},[31,91027,120],{"class":41},[14,91029,91030,91031,70],{},"It stores ",[28,91032,4357],{},[613,91034,91036,91037,4975,91039],{"id":91035},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[28,91038,90050],{},[28,91040,53269],{},[14,91042,86396],{},[228,91044,91045,91054],{},[231,91046,91047,91049,91050,91053],{},[28,91048,90050],{}," changes what goes ",[67,91051,91052],{},"between"," multiple values",[231,91055,91056,91058,91059,91062],{},[28,91057,53269],{}," changes what appears ",[67,91060,91061],{},"after"," the output",[72,91064,91066],{"id":91065},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,91068,91069,91070,91072],{},"These simple ",[28,91071,47060],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[21,91074,91076],{"className":23,"code":91075,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[28,91077,91078,91098,91113],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91079,91080,91082,91084,91086,91089,91091,91093,91096],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91081,134],{"class":133},[31,91083,137],{"class":41},[31,91085,260],{"class":259},[31,91087,91088],{"class":263},"Debug:",[31,91090,260],{"class":259},[31,91092,99],{"class":41},[31,91094,91095],{"class":140}," variable_name",[31,91097,120],{"class":41},[31,91099,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91111],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,91101,134],{"class":133},[31,91103,137],{"class":41},[31,91105,1562],{"class":1561},[31,91107,137],{"class":41},[31,91109,91110],{"class":140},"variable_name",[31,91112,1569],{"class":41},[31,91114,91115,91117,91119,91121],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,91116,32756],{"class":133},[31,91118,137],{"class":41},[31,91120,134],{"class":133},[31,91122,120],{"class":41},[14,91124,91125],{},"What they do:",[228,91127,91128,91134,91140],{},[231,91129,91130,91133],{},[28,91131,91132],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[231,91135,91136,91139],{},[28,91137,91138],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[231,91141,91142,91145,91146],{},[28,91143,91144],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[28,91147,47060],{},[72,91149,2435],{"id":2434},[613,91151,13299,91153,91155],{"id":91152},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[28,91154,47060],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,91157,91158,91159,91161,91162,37226],{},"Yes. By default, ",[28,91160,47060],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[28,91163,53269],{},[613,91165,5752,91167,91169],{"id":91166},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[28,91168,47060],{}," show more than one value?",[14,91171,91172,91173,91175],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[28,91174,47060],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[613,91177,5740,91179,5743,91182,2466],{"id":91178},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[28,91180,91181],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[28,91183,4357],{},[14,91185,29663,91186,91188],{},[28,91187,47060],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[613,91190,91192],{"id":91191},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,91194,91195],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[21,91197,91199],{"className":23,"code":91198,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[28,91200,91201],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91202,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91204,134],{"class":133},[31,91206,137],{"class":41},[31,91208,260],{"class":259},[31,91210,89910],{"class":263},[31,91212,260],{"class":259},[31,91214,99],{"class":41},[31,91216,1026],{"class":95},[31,91218,120],{"class":41},[14,91220,91221,91222,40535],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[28,91223,48292],{},[613,91225,5762,91227,4975,91229,2466],{"id":91226},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[28,91228,90050],{},[28,91230,53269],{},[228,91232,91233,91238],{},[231,91234,91235,91237],{},[28,91236,90050],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[231,91239,91240,91242],{},[28,91241,53269],{}," changes what appears after the output",[72,91244,2475],{"id":2474},[228,91246,91247,91251,91257,91263,91268,91273],{},[231,91248,91249],{},[264,91250,51584],{"href":51583},[231,91252,91253],{},[264,91254,4152,91255,4085],{"href":8808},[28,91256,3536],{},[231,91258,91259],{},[264,91260,4152,91261,4085],{"href":42781},[28,91262,48292],{},[231,91264,91265],{},[264,91266,91267],{"href":90276},"How to format strings in Python",[231,91269,91270],{},[264,91271,91272],{"href":90786},"How to debug Python code",[231,91274,91275],{},[264,91276,90990],{"href":90989},[2499,91278,91279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":91281},[91282,91283,91285,91286,91292,91293,91294,91299,91305,91307,91309,91320,91321,91332],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":89454,"depth":123,"text":91284},"What print() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":89690,"depth":123,"text":89691,"children":91287},[91288,91289,91290,91291],{"id":89699,"depth":130,"text":89700},{"id":89740,"depth":130,"text":89741},{"id":89772,"depth":130,"text":89773},{"id":89799,"depth":130,"text":89800},{"id":89841,"depth":123,"text":89842},{"id":90037,"depth":123,"text":90038},{"id":90077,"depth":123,"text":91295,"children":91296},"sep argument",[91297,91298],{"id":90090,"depth":130,"text":90091},{"id":90140,"depth":130,"text":90141},{"id":90280,"depth":123,"text":91300,"children":91301},"end argument",[91302,91303,91304],{"id":90294,"depth":130,"text":90091},{"id":90347,"depth":130,"text":90348},{"id":90403,"depth":130,"text":90404},{"id":90487,"depth":123,"text":91306},"print() returns None",{"id":90624,"depth":123,"text":91308},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":91310},[91311,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"id":90797,"depth":130,"text":90798},{"id":90845,"depth":130,"text":91313},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90889,"depth":130,"text":91315},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90993,"depth":130,"text":91317},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":91035,"depth":130,"text":91319},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":91065,"depth":123,"text":91066},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":91322},[91323,91325,91327,91329,91330],{"id":91152,"depth":130,"text":91324},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91166,"depth":130,"text":91326},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91178,"depth":130,"text":91328},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91191,"depth":130,"text":91192},{"id":91226,"depth":130,"text":91331},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89337,"description":91333},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91340,"title":91341,"body":91342,"description":93646,"extension":2542,"meta":93647,"navigation":126,"path":93648,"seo":93649,"stem":93650,"__hash__":93651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91343,"toc":93592},[91344,91349,91354,91367,91369,91434,91445,91450,91455,91457,91480,91483,91514,91516,91533,91538,91544,91549,91598,91601,91618,91624,91629,91652,91654,91682,91688,91696,91723,91725,91750,91756,91759,91790,91792,91821,91825,91828,91833,91855,91857,91885,91891,91897,91923,91925,91949,91955,91961,91991,91993,92021,92031,92035,92041,92074,92076,92105,92108,92111,92144,92146,92154,92160,92162,92185,92190,92199,92204,92218,92220,92260,92262,92292,92296,92331,92337,92341,92385,92387,92417,92423,92426,92505,92507,92529,92537,92540,92603,92611,92686,92692,92699,92704,92709,92732,92734,92755,92757,92770,92772,92819,92821,92860,92869,92871,92875,92879,92882,92909,92912,92941,92944,92968,92971,92979,92985,93007,93009,93037,93041,93046,93101,93106,93108,93165,93172,93181,93184,93216,93218,93226,93229,93235,93237,93260,93263,93269,93272,93291,93293,93312,93315,93337,93339,93367,93371,93375,93480,93482,93495,93497,93503,93506,93514,93519,93525,93531,93536,93544,93550,93557,93559,93589],[10,91345,4152,91347,4156],{"id":91346},"python-range-function-explained",[28,91348,36802],{},[14,91350,32921,91351,91353],{},[28,91352,36802],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,91355,91356,91357,91359,91360,91362,91363,91366],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[28,91358,6543],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[28,91361,36802],{}," stops ",[67,91364,91365],{},"before"," the end value.",[72,91368,75],{"id":74},[21,91370,91372],{"className":23,"code":91371,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[28,91373,91374,91390,91400,91404,91409,91414,91419,91424,91429],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91375,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91377,6543],{"class":4457},[31,91379,70156],{"class":37},[31,91381,4464],{"class":4457},[31,91383,54679],{"class":133},[31,91385,137],{"class":41},[31,91387,559],{"class":95},[31,91389,8931],{"class":41},[31,91391,91392,91394,91396,91398],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,91393,8657],{"class":133},[31,91395,137],{"class":41},[31,91397,36758],{"class":140},[31,91399,120],{"class":41},[31,91401,91402],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,91403,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,91405,91406],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,91407,91408],{"class":157},"# Output:\n",[31,91410,91411],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,91412,91413],{"class":157},"# 0\n",[31,91415,91416],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,91417,91418],{"class":157},"# 1\n",[31,91420,91421],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,91422,91423],{"class":157},"# 2\n",[31,91425,91426],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,91427,91428],{"class":157},"# 3\n",[31,91430,91431],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,91432,91433],{"class":157},"# 4\n",[14,91435,91436,91439,91440,91442,91443,70],{},[28,91437,91438],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[28,91441,1243],{}," and stopping before ",[28,91444,559],{},[72,91446,4255,91448,4258],{"id":91447},"what-range-does",[28,91449,36802],{},[14,91451,91452,91454],{},[28,91453,36802],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,91456,13648],{},[228,91458,91459,91464,91470,91475],{},[231,91460,91461,91463],{},[28,91462,36802],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[231,91465,91466,91467,91469],{},"It is commonly used with ",[28,91468,6543],{}," loops",[231,91471,91472,91473],{},"The stop value is ",[67,91474,69],{},[231,91476,18020,91477,91479],{},[28,91478,60608],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,91481,91482],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[21,91484,91486],{"className":23,"code":91485,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[28,91487,91488,91504],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91489,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91491,6543],{"class":4457},[31,91493,6971],{"class":37},[31,91495,4464],{"class":4457},[31,91497,54679],{"class":133},[31,91499,137],{"class":41},[31,91501,173],{"class":95},[31,91503,8931],{"class":41},[31,91505,91506,91508,91510,91512],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,91507,8657],{"class":133},[31,91509,137],{"class":41},[31,91511,2816],{"class":140},[31,91513,120],{"class":41},[14,91515,358],{},[21,91517,91519],{"className":23,"code":91518,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0\n1\n2\n",[28,91520,91521,91525,91529],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91522,91523],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91524,47860],{"class":95},[31,91526,91527],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,91528,47525],{"class":95},[31,91530,91531],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,91532,17654],{"class":95},[14,91534,91535,91536,70],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[264,91537,36635],{"href":36634},[72,91539,91541,91543],{"id":91540},"range-syntax",[28,91542,36802],{}," syntax",[14,91545,91546,91548],{},[28,91547,36802],{}," has three common forms:",[21,91550,91552],{"className":23,"code":91551,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[28,91553,91554,91564,91579],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91555,91556,91558,91560,91562],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91557,60608],{"class":133},[31,91559,137],{"class":41},[31,91561,51],{"class":140},[31,91563,120],{"class":41},[31,91565,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91577],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,91567,60608],{"class":133},[31,91569,137],{"class":41},[31,91571,45],{"class":140},[31,91573,99],{"class":41},[31,91575,91576],{"class":140}," stop",[31,91578,120],{"class":41},[31,91580,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591,91593,91596],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,91582,60608],{"class":133},[31,91584,137],{"class":41},[31,91586,45],{"class":140},[31,91588,99],{"class":41},[31,91590,91576],{"class":140},[31,91592,99],{"class":41},[31,91594,91595],{"class":140}," step",[31,91597,120],{"class":41},[14,91599,91600],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[228,91602,91603,91608,91613],{},[231,91604,91605,91607],{},[28,91606,45],{}," = first number",[231,91609,91610,91612],{},[28,91611,51],{}," = end limit, not included",[231,91614,91615,91617],{},[28,91616,56],{}," = amount to move each time",[613,91619,91621],{"id":91620},"rangestop",[28,91622,91623],{},"range(stop)",[14,91625,91626,91627,70],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[28,91628,1243],{},[21,91630,91632],{"className":23,"code":91631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[28,91633,91634],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91635,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91637,134],{"class":133},[31,91639,137],{"class":41},[31,91641,8682],{"class":1561},[31,91643,137],{"class":41},[31,91645,60608],{"class":133},[31,91647,137],{"class":41},[31,91649,559],{"class":95},[31,91651,3490],{"class":41},[14,91653,358],{},[21,91655,91656],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91657,91658],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91659,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91661,42],{"class":41},[31,91663,1243],{"class":95},[31,91665,99],{"class":41},[31,91667,6082],{"class":95},[31,91669,99],{"class":41},[31,91671,3571],{"class":95},[31,91673,99],{"class":41},[31,91675,3027],{"class":95},[31,91677,99],{"class":41},[31,91679,3033],{"class":95},[31,91681,59],{"class":41},[613,91683,91685],{"id":91684},"rangestart-stop",[28,91686,91687],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91689,91690,91691,91693,91694,70],{},"This starts at ",[28,91692,45],{}," and stops before ",[28,91695,51],{},[21,91697,91699],{"className":23,"code":91698,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[28,91700,91701],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91702,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91704,134],{"class":133},[31,91706,137],{"class":41},[31,91708,8682],{"class":1561},[31,91710,137],{"class":41},[31,91712,60608],{"class":133},[31,91714,137],{"class":41},[31,91716,193],{"class":95},[31,91718,99],{"class":41},[31,91720,38248],{"class":95},[31,91722,3490],{"class":41},[14,91724,358],{},[21,91726,91728],{"className":23,"code":91727,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[28,91729,91730],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91731,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91733,42],{"class":41},[31,91735,193],{"class":95},[31,91737,99],{"class":41},[31,91739,3027],{"class":95},[31,91741,99],{"class":41},[31,91743,3033],{"class":95},[31,91745,99],{"class":41},[31,91747,5187],{"class":95},[31,91749,59],{"class":41},[613,91751,91753],{"id":91752},"rangestart-stop-step",[28,91754,91755],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91757,91758],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[21,91760,91762],{"className":23,"code":91761,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[28,91763,91764],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91765,91766,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91767,134],{"class":133},[31,91769,137],{"class":41},[31,91771,8682],{"class":1561},[31,91773,137],{"class":41},[31,91775,60608],{"class":133},[31,91777,137],{"class":41},[31,91779,146],{"class":95},[31,91781,99],{"class":41},[31,91783,1026],{"class":95},[31,91785,99],{"class":41},[31,91787,3571],{"class":95},[31,91789,3490],{"class":41},[14,91791,358],{},[21,91793,91795],{"className":23,"code":91794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[28,91796,91797],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91798,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91800,42],{"class":41},[31,91802,146],{"class":95},[31,91804,99],{"class":41},[31,91806,3027],{"class":95},[31,91808,99],{"class":41},[31,91810,5187],{"class":95},[31,91812,99],{"class":41},[31,91814,6578],{"class":95},[31,91816,99],{"class":41},[31,91818,54745],{"class":95},[31,91820,59],{"class":41},[72,91822,91824],{"id":91823},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91826,91827],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[613,91829,91831],{"id":91830},"range5",[28,91832,91438],{},[21,91834,91835],{"className":23,"code":91631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91836,91837],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91838,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91840,134],{"class":133},[31,91842,137],{"class":41},[31,91844,8682],{"class":1561},[31,91846,137],{"class":41},[31,91848,60608],{"class":133},[31,91850,137],{"class":41},[31,91852,559],{"class":95},[31,91854,3490],{"class":41},[14,91856,358],{},[21,91858,91859],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91860,91861],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91862,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91864,42],{"class":41},[31,91866,1243],{"class":95},[31,91868,99],{"class":41},[31,91870,6082],{"class":95},[31,91872,99],{"class":41},[31,91874,3571],{"class":95},[31,91876,99],{"class":41},[31,91878,3027],{"class":95},[31,91880,99],{"class":41},[31,91882,3033],{"class":95},[31,91884,59],{"class":41},[14,91886,91690,91887,91693,91889,70],{},[28,91888,1243],{},[28,91890,559],{},[613,91892,91894],{"id":91893},"range2-6",[28,91895,91896],{},"range(2, 6)",[21,91898,91899],{"className":23,"code":91698,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91900,91901],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91902,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913,91915,91917,91919,91921],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91904,134],{"class":133},[31,91906,137],{"class":41},[31,91908,8682],{"class":1561},[31,91910,137],{"class":41},[31,91912,60608],{"class":133},[31,91914,137],{"class":41},[31,91916,193],{"class":95},[31,91918,99],{"class":41},[31,91920,38248],{"class":95},[31,91922,3490],{"class":41},[14,91924,358],{},[21,91926,91927],{"className":23,"code":91727,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91928,91929],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91930,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91932,42],{"class":41},[31,91934,193],{"class":95},[31,91936,99],{"class":41},[31,91938,3027],{"class":95},[31,91940,99],{"class":41},[31,91942,3033],{"class":95},[31,91944,99],{"class":41},[31,91946,5187],{"class":95},[31,91948,59],{"class":41},[14,91950,91690,91951,91693,91953,70],{},[28,91952,193],{},[28,91954,1305],{},[613,91956,91958],{"id":91957},"range1-10-2",[28,91959,91960],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[21,91962,91963],{"className":23,"code":91761,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91964,91965],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91966,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,91968,134],{"class":133},[31,91970,137],{"class":41},[31,91972,8682],{"class":1561},[31,91974,137],{"class":41},[31,91976,60608],{"class":133},[31,91978,137],{"class":41},[31,91980,146],{"class":95},[31,91982,99],{"class":41},[31,91984,1026],{"class":95},[31,91986,99],{"class":41},[31,91988,3571],{"class":95},[31,91990,3490],{"class":41},[14,91992,358],{},[21,91994,91995],{"className":23,"code":91794,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,91996,91997],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,91998,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92000,42],{"class":41},[31,92002,146],{"class":95},[31,92004,99],{"class":41},[31,92006,3027],{"class":95},[31,92008,99],{"class":41},[31,92010,5187],{"class":95},[31,92012,99],{"class":41},[31,92014,6578],{"class":95},[31,92016,99],{"class":41},[31,92018,54745],{"class":95},[31,92020,59],{"class":41},[14,92022,92023,92024,92026,92027,61909,92029,70],{},"This moves by ",[28,92025,193],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[28,92028,146],{},[28,92030,2719],{},[613,92032,92034],{"id":92033},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,92036,92037,92038,92040],{},"A negative step makes ",[28,92039,36802],{}," count backward.",[21,92042,92044],{"className":23,"code":92043,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[28,92045,92046],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92047,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92049,134],{"class":133},[31,92051,137],{"class":41},[31,92053,8682],{"class":1561},[31,92055,137],{"class":41},[31,92057,60608],{"class":133},[31,92059,137],{"class":41},[31,92061,559],{"class":95},[31,92063,99],{"class":41},[31,92065,4413],{"class":95},[31,92067,99],{"class":41},[31,92069,2799],{"class":88},[31,92071,146],{"class":95},[31,92073,3490],{"class":41},[14,92075,358],{},[21,92077,92079],{"className":23,"code":92078,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[28,92080,92081],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92082,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92084,42],{"class":41},[31,92086,559],{"class":95},[31,92088,99],{"class":41},[31,92090,3033],{"class":95},[31,92092,99],{"class":41},[31,92094,3027],{"class":95},[31,92096,99],{"class":41},[31,92098,3571],{"class":95},[31,92100,99],{"class":41},[31,92102,6082],{"class":95},[31,92104,59],{"class":41},[14,92106,92107],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,92109,92110],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[21,92112,92114],{"className":23,"code":92113,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[28,92115,92116],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92117,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92119,134],{"class":133},[31,92121,137],{"class":41},[31,92123,8682],{"class":1561},[31,92125,137],{"class":41},[31,92127,60608],{"class":133},[31,92129,137],{"class":41},[31,92131,146],{"class":95},[31,92133,99],{"class":41},[31,92135,5187],{"class":95},[31,92137,99],{"class":41},[31,92139,2799],{"class":88},[31,92141,146],{"class":95},[31,92143,3490],{"class":41},[14,92145,358],{},[21,92147,92148],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,92149,92150],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92151,92152],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92153,38902],{"class":41},[613,92155,92156,77178,92158],{"id":77401},[28,92157,56],{},[28,92159,1243],{},[14,92161,3414],{},[21,92163,92165],{"className":23,"code":92164,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[28,92166,92167],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92168,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92170,60608],{"class":133},[31,92172,137],{"class":41},[31,92174,146],{"class":95},[31,92176,99],{"class":41},[31,92178,5187],{"class":95},[31,92180,99],{"class":41},[31,92182,4413],{"class":95},[31,92184,120],{"class":41},[14,92186,77446,92187,92189],{},[28,92188,41309],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[72,92191,9007,92193,92195,92196,92198],{"id":92192},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[28,92194,36802],{}," in a ",[28,92197,6543],{}," loop",[14,92200,92201,92203],{},[28,92202,36802],{}," is most useful when:",[228,92205,92206,92209,92212],{},[231,92207,92208],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[231,92210,92211],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[231,92213,92214,92215],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[28,92216,92217],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,92219,242],{},[21,92221,92223],{"className":23,"code":92222,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[28,92224,92225,92241],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92226,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92228,6543],{"class":4457},[31,92230,70156],{"class":37},[31,92232,4464],{"class":4457},[31,92234,54679],{"class":133},[31,92236,137],{"class":41},[31,92238,173],{"class":95},[31,92240,8931],{"class":41},[31,92242,92243,92245,92247,92249,92252,92254,92256,92258],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92244,8657],{"class":133},[31,92246,137],{"class":41},[31,92248,260],{"class":259},[31,92250,92251],{"class":263},"Loop number:",[31,92253,260],{"class":259},[31,92255,99],{"class":41},[31,92257,36734],{"class":140},[31,92259,120],{"class":41},[14,92261,358],{},[21,92263,92265],{"className":23,"code":92264,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[28,92266,92267,92276,92284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92268,92269,92272,92274],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92270,92271],{"class":37},"Loop number",[31,92273,48],{"class":41},[31,92275,39118],{"class":95},[31,92277,92278,92280,92282],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92279,92271],{"class":37},[31,92281,48],{"class":41},[31,92283,30217],{"class":95},[31,92285,92286,92288,92290],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92287,92271],{"class":37},[31,92289,48],{"class":41},[31,92291,46197],{"class":95},[613,92293,92295],{"id":92294},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[21,92297,92299],{"className":23,"code":92298,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[28,92300,92301,92317],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92302,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92304,6543],{"class":4457},[31,92306,70156],{"class":37},[31,92308,4464],{"class":4457},[31,92310,54679],{"class":133},[31,92312,137],{"class":41},[31,92314,559],{"class":95},[31,92316,8931],{"class":41},[31,92318,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92320,8657],{"class":133},[31,92322,137],{"class":41},[31,92324,260],{"class":259},[31,92326,35472],{"class":263},[31,92328,260],{"class":259},[31,92330,120],{"class":41},[14,92332,92333,92334,92336],{},"This prints ",[28,92335,91002],{}," five times.",[613,92338,92340],{"id":92339},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[21,92342,92344],{"className":23,"code":92343,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[28,92345,92346,92366],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92347,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92349,6543],{"class":4457},[31,92351,70156],{"class":37},[31,92353,4464],{"class":4457},[31,92355,54679],{"class":133},[31,92357,137],{"class":41},[31,92359,146],{"class":95},[31,92361,99],{"class":41},[31,92363,3033],{"class":95},[31,92365,8931],{"class":41},[31,92367,92368,92370,92372,92374,92377,92379,92381,92383],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92369,8657],{"class":133},[31,92371,137],{"class":41},[31,92373,260],{"class":259},[31,92375,92376],{"class":263},"Current number is",[31,92378,260],{"class":259},[31,92380,99],{"class":41},[31,92382,36734],{"class":140},[31,92384,120],{"class":41},[14,92386,358],{},[21,92388,92390],{"className":23,"code":92389,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[28,92391,92392,92401,92409],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92393,92394,92397,92399],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92395,92396],{"class":37},"Current number ",[31,92398,12788],{"class":88},[31,92400,30217],{"class":95},[31,92402,92403,92405,92407],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92404,92396],{"class":37},[31,92406,12788],{"class":88},[31,92408,46197],{"class":95},[31,92410,92411,92413,92415],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92412,92396],{"class":37},[31,92414,12788],{"class":88},[31,92416,3153],{"class":95},[613,92418,92420,92422],{"id":92419},"range-and-indexing",[28,92421,36802],{}," and indexing",[14,92424,92425],{},"You may see code like this:",[21,92427,92429],{"className":23,"code":92428,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[28,92430,92431,92463,92467,92487],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92432,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92434,8368],{"class":37},[31,92436,89],{"class":88},[31,92438,4200],{"class":41},[31,92440,260],{"class":259},[31,92442,264],{"class":263},[31,92444,260],{"class":259},[31,92446,99],{"class":41},[31,92448,271],{"class":259},[31,92450,274],{"class":263},[31,92452,260],{"class":259},[31,92454,99],{"class":41},[31,92456,271],{"class":259},[31,92458,283],{"class":263},[31,92460,260],{"class":259},[31,92462,59],{"class":41},[31,92464,92465],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92466,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,92468,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92470,6543],{"class":4457},[31,92472,70156],{"class":37},[31,92474,4464],{"class":4457},[31,92476,54679],{"class":133},[31,92478,137],{"class":41},[31,92480,2408],{"class":133},[31,92482,137],{"class":41},[31,92484,8397],{"class":140},[31,92486,70171],{"class":41},[31,92488,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,92490,8657],{"class":133},[31,92492,137],{"class":41},[31,92494,36758],{"class":140},[31,92496,99],{"class":41},[31,92498,620],{"class":140},[31,92500,42],{"class":41},[31,92502,36758],{"class":140},[31,92504,566],{"class":41},[14,92506,358],{},[21,92508,92509],{"className":23,"code":36770,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,92510,92511,92517,92523],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92512,92513,92515],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92514,1243],{"class":95},[31,92516,36779],{"class":37},[31,92518,92519,92521],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92520,146],{"class":95},[31,92522,36786],{"class":37},[31,92524,92525,92527],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92526,193],{"class":95},[31,92528,36793],{"class":37},[14,92530,92531,92532,92536],{},"This works, and it uses ",[264,92533,92534],{"href":42964},[28,92535,42967],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92538,92539],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[21,92541,92543],{"className":23,"code":92542,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[28,92544,92545,92577,92581,92593],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92546,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92548,8368],{"class":37},[31,92550,89],{"class":88},[31,92552,4200],{"class":41},[31,92554,260],{"class":259},[31,92556,264],{"class":263},[31,92558,260],{"class":259},[31,92560,99],{"class":41},[31,92562,271],{"class":259},[31,92564,274],{"class":263},[31,92566,260],{"class":259},[31,92568,99],{"class":41},[31,92570,271],{"class":259},[31,92572,283],{"class":263},[31,92574,260],{"class":259},[31,92576,59],{"class":41},[31,92578,92579],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92580,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,92582,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92584,6543],{"class":4457},[31,92586,6546],{"class":37},[31,92588,4464],{"class":4457},[31,92590,620],{"class":37},[31,92592,6978],{"class":41},[31,92594,92595,92597,92599,92601],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,92596,8657],{"class":133},[31,92598,137],{"class":41},[31,92600,23910],{"class":140},[31,92602,120],{"class":41},[14,92604,37197,92605,92610],{},[264,92606,92608],{"href":92607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[28,92609,36355],{}," is usually a better choice:",[21,92612,92614],{"className":23,"code":92613,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[28,92615,92616,92648,92652,92672],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92617,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92619,8368],{"class":37},[31,92621,89],{"class":88},[31,92623,4200],{"class":41},[31,92625,260],{"class":259},[31,92627,264],{"class":263},[31,92629,260],{"class":259},[31,92631,99],{"class":41},[31,92633,271],{"class":259},[31,92635,274],{"class":263},[31,92637,260],{"class":259},[31,92639,99],{"class":41},[31,92641,271],{"class":259},[31,92643,283],{"class":263},[31,92645,260],{"class":259},[31,92647,59],{"class":41},[31,92649,92650],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92651,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,92653,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92655,6543],{"class":4457},[31,92657,36427],{"class":37},[31,92659,99],{"class":41},[31,92661,6546],{"class":37},[31,92663,4464],{"class":4457},[31,92665,36437],{"class":133},[31,92667,137],{"class":41},[31,92669,8397],{"class":140},[31,92671,8931],{"class":41},[31,92673,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,92675,8657],{"class":133},[31,92677,137],{"class":41},[31,92679,36452],{"class":140},[31,92681,99],{"class":41},[31,92683,30109],{"class":140},[31,92685,120],{"class":41},[14,92687,79703,92688,70],{},[264,92689,37210,92690,37213],{"href":37209},[28,92691,36355],{},[72,92693,92695,92696,92698],{"id":92694},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[28,92697,36802],{}," to a list",[14,92700,92701,92703],{},[28,92702,36802],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92705,92706,92707,48],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[28,92708,25381],{},[21,92710,92712],{"className":23,"code":92711,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[28,92713,92714],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92715,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92717,134],{"class":133},[31,92719,137],{"class":41},[31,92721,8682],{"class":1561},[31,92723,137],{"class":41},[31,92725,60608],{"class":133},[31,92727,137],{"class":41},[31,92729,173],{"class":95},[31,92731,3490],{"class":41},[14,92733,358],{},[21,92735,92737],{"className":23,"code":92736,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[28,92738,92739],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92740,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92742,42],{"class":41},[31,92744,1243],{"class":95},[31,92746,99],{"class":41},[31,92748,6082],{"class":95},[31,92750,99],{"class":41},[31,92752,3571],{"class":95},[31,92754,59],{"class":41},[14,92756,33916],{},[228,92758,92759,92764,92767],{},[231,92760,92761,92762,42691],{},"learning how ",[28,92763,36802],{},[231,92765,92766],{},"checking your values",[231,92768,92769],{},"debugging code",[14,92771,6056],{},[21,92773,92775],{"className":23,"code":92774,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[28,92776,92777,92791,92795,92805],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92780,85],{"class":37},[31,92782,89],{"class":88},[31,92784,54679],{"class":133},[31,92786,137],{"class":41},[31,92788,151],{"class":95},[31,92790,120],{"class":41},[31,92792,92793],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92794,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,92796,92797,92799,92801,92803],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,92798,134],{"class":133},[31,92800,137],{"class":41},[31,92802,141],{"class":140},[31,92804,120],{"class":41},[31,92806,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,92808,134],{"class":133},[31,92810,137],{"class":41},[31,92812,8682],{"class":1561},[31,92814,137],{"class":41},[31,92816,141],{"class":140},[31,92818,1569],{"class":41},[14,92820,358],{},[21,92822,92824],{"className":23,"code":92823,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[28,92825,92826,92840],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92827,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92829,60608],{"class":133},[31,92831,137],{"class":41},[31,92833,1243],{"class":95},[31,92835,99],{"class":41},[31,92837,3033],{"class":95},[31,92839,120],{"class":41},[31,92841,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,92843,42],{"class":41},[31,92845,1243],{"class":95},[31,92847,99],{"class":41},[31,92849,6082],{"class":95},[31,92851,99],{"class":41},[31,92853,3571],{"class":95},[31,92855,99],{"class":41},[31,92857,3027],{"class":95},[31,92859,59],{"class":41},[14,92861,92862,92863,11177,92865,92868],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[28,92864,60608],{},[28,92866,92867],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[72,92870,5101],{"id":5100},[14,92872,34145,92873,70],{},[28,92874,36802],{},[613,92876,92878],{"id":92877},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92880,92881],{},"Many beginners think this:",[21,92883,92885],{"className":23,"code":92884,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[28,92886,92887],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92888,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92890,134],{"class":133},[31,92892,137],{"class":41},[31,92894,8682],{"class":1561},[31,92896,137],{"class":41},[31,92898,60608],{"class":133},[31,92900,137],{"class":41},[31,92902,146],{"class":95},[31,92904,99],{"class":41},[31,92906,5187],{"class":95},[31,92908,3490],{"class":41},[14,92910,92911],{},"will produce:",[21,92913,92915],{"className":23,"code":92914,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[28,92916,92917],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92918,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92920,42],{"class":41},[31,92922,146],{"class":95},[31,92924,99],{"class":41},[31,92926,3571],{"class":95},[31,92928,99],{"class":41},[31,92930,3027],{"class":95},[31,92932,99],{"class":41},[31,92934,3033],{"class":95},[31,92936,99],{"class":41},[31,92938,5187],{"class":95},[31,92940,59],{"class":41},[14,92942,92943],{},"But the real output is:",[21,92945,92946],{"className":23,"code":54114,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,92947,92948],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92949,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92951,42],{"class":41},[31,92953,146],{"class":95},[31,92955,99],{"class":41},[31,92957,3571],{"class":95},[31,92959,99],{"class":41},[31,92961,3027],{"class":95},[31,92963,99],{"class":41},[31,92965,3033],{"class":95},[31,92967,59],{"class":41},[14,92969,92970],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[613,92972,5161,92974,92976,92977],{"id":92973},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[28,92975,91438],{}," starts at ",[28,92978,146],{},[14,92980,38072,92981,19562,92983,70],{},[28,92982,1243],{},[28,92984,146],{},[21,92986,92987],{"className":23,"code":91631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,92988,92989],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,92990,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,92992,134],{"class":133},[31,92994,137],{"class":41},[31,92996,8682],{"class":1561},[31,92998,137],{"class":41},[31,93000,60608],{"class":133},[31,93002,137],{"class":41},[31,93004,559],{"class":95},[31,93006,3490],{"class":41},[14,93008,358],{},[21,93010,93011],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,93012,93013],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93014,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93016,42],{"class":41},[31,93018,1243],{"class":95},[31,93020,99],{"class":41},[31,93022,6082],{"class":95},[31,93024,99],{"class":41},[31,93026,3571],{"class":95},[31,93028,99],{"class":41},[31,93030,3027],{"class":95},[31,93032,99],{"class":41},[31,93034,3033],{"class":95},[31,93036,59],{"class":41},[613,93038,93040],{"id":93039},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,93042,93043,93044,48],{},"This often happens with ",[28,93045,3536],{},[21,93047,93049],{"className":23,"code":93048,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[28,93050,93051,93070,93074,93091],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93052,93053,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93054,93055],{"class":37},"user_number ",[31,93057,89],{"class":88},[31,93059,8831],{"class":133},[31,93061,137],{"class":41},[31,93063,260],{"class":259},[31,93065,42477],{"class":263},[31,93067,260],{"class":259},[31,93069,120],{"class":41},[31,93071,93072],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93073,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,93075,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93089],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,93077,6543],{"class":4457},[31,93079,70156],{"class":37},[31,93081,4464],{"class":4457},[31,93083,54679],{"class":133},[31,93085,137],{"class":41},[31,93087,93088],{"class":140},"user_number",[31,93090,8931],{"class":41},[31,93092,93093,93095,93097,93099],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,93094,8657],{"class":133},[31,93096,137],{"class":41},[31,93098,36758],{"class":140},[31,93100,120],{"class":41},[14,93102,49119,93103,93105],{},[28,93104,3536],{}," returns a string.",[14,93107,11400],{},[21,93109,93111],{"className":23,"code":93110,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[28,93112,93113,93135,93139,93155],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93114,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93116,93055],{"class":37},[31,93118,89],{"class":88},[31,93120,45884],{"class":1561},[31,93122,137],{"class":41},[31,93124,43069],{"class":133},[31,93126,137],{"class":41},[31,93128,260],{"class":259},[31,93130,42477],{"class":263},[31,93132,260],{"class":259},[31,93134,1569],{"class":41},[31,93136,93137],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93138,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,93140,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,93142,6543],{"class":4457},[31,93144,70156],{"class":37},[31,93146,4464],{"class":4457},[31,93148,54679],{"class":133},[31,93150,137],{"class":41},[31,93152,93088],{"class":140},[31,93154,8931],{"class":41},[31,93156,93157,93159,93161,93163],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,93158,8657],{"class":133},[31,93160,137],{"class":41},[31,93162,36758],{"class":140},[31,93164,120],{"class":41},[14,93166,93167,93168,70],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[264,93169,51132,93170],{"href":51131},[28,93171,51135],{},[613,93173,93175,93176,93178,93179],{"id":93174},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[28,93177,45],{}," smaller than ",[28,93180,51],{},[14,93182,93183],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[21,93185,93186],{"className":23,"code":92113,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,93187,93188],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93189,93190,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93191,134],{"class":133},[31,93193,137],{"class":41},[31,93195,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93197,137],{"class":41},[31,93199,60608],{"class":133},[31,93201,137],{"class":41},[31,93203,146],{"class":95},[31,93205,99],{"class":41},[31,93207,5187],{"class":95},[31,93209,99],{"class":41},[31,93211,2799],{"class":88},[31,93213,146],{"class":95},[31,93215,3490],{"class":41},[14,93217,358],{},[21,93219,93220],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,93221,93222],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93223,93224],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93225,38902],{"class":41},[14,93227,93228],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[613,93230,26217,93232],{"id":93231},"trying-to-use-step-0",[28,93233,93234],{},"step = 0",[14,93236,78155],{},[21,93238,93240],{"className":23,"code":93239,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[28,93241,93242],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93243,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256,93258],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93245,60608],{"class":133},[31,93247,137],{"class":41},[31,93249,146],{"class":95},[31,93251,99],{"class":41},[31,93253,1026],{"class":95},[31,93255,99],{"class":41},[31,93257,4413],{"class":95},[31,93259,120],{"class":41},[14,93261,93262],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[613,93264,5287,93266,93268],{"id":93265},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[28,93267,36802],{}," is not a list",[14,93270,93271],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[21,93273,93275],{"className":23,"code":93274,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(range(5))\n",[28,93276,93277],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93278,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93280,134],{"class":133},[31,93282,137],{"class":41},[31,93284,60608],{"class":133},[31,93286,137],{"class":41},[31,93288,559],{"class":95},[31,93290,1569],{"class":41},[14,93292,358],{},[21,93294,93296],{"className":23,"code":93295,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(0, 5)\n",[28,93297,93298],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93299,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93301,60608],{"class":133},[31,93303,137],{"class":41},[31,93305,1243],{"class":95},[31,93307,99],{"class":41},[31,93309,5187],{"class":95},[31,93311,120],{"class":41},[14,93313,93314],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[21,93316,93317],{"className":23,"code":91631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,93318,93319],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93320,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93322,134],{"class":133},[31,93324,137],{"class":41},[31,93326,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93328,137],{"class":41},[31,93330,60608],{"class":133},[31,93332,137],{"class":41},[31,93334,559],{"class":95},[31,93336,3490],{"class":41},[14,93338,358],{},[21,93340,93341],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,93342,93343],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93344,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93346,42],{"class":41},[31,93348,1243],{"class":95},[31,93350,99],{"class":41},[31,93352,6082],{"class":95},[31,93354,99],{"class":41},[31,93356,3571],{"class":95},[31,93358,99],{"class":41},[31,93360,3027],{"class":95},[31,93362,99],{"class":41},[31,93364,3033],{"class":95},[31,93366,59],{"class":41},[72,93368,93370],{"id":93369},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,93372,9466,93373,82924],{},[28,93374,36802],{},[21,93376,93378],{"className":23,"code":93377,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[28,93379,93380,93394,93412,93434,93462],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93381,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93383,134],{"class":133},[31,93385,137],{"class":41},[31,93387,60608],{"class":133},[31,93389,137],{"class":41},[31,93391,559],{"class":95},[31,93393,1569],{"class":41},[31,93395,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93397,134],{"class":133},[31,93399,137],{"class":41},[31,93401,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93403,137],{"class":41},[31,93405,60608],{"class":133},[31,93407,137],{"class":41},[31,93409,559],{"class":95},[31,93411,3490],{"class":41},[31,93413,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430,93432],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,93415,134],{"class":133},[31,93417,137],{"class":41},[31,93419,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93421,137],{"class":41},[31,93423,60608],{"class":133},[31,93425,137],{"class":41},[31,93427,193],{"class":95},[31,93429,99],{"class":41},[31,93431,6944],{"class":95},[31,93433,3490],{"class":41},[31,93435,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,93437,134],{"class":133},[31,93439,137],{"class":41},[31,93441,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93443,137],{"class":41},[31,93445,60608],{"class":133},[31,93447,137],{"class":41},[31,93449,96],{"class":95},[31,93451,99],{"class":41},[31,93453,4413],{"class":95},[31,93455,99],{"class":41},[31,93457,2799],{"class":88},[31,93459,193],{"class":95},[31,93461,3490],{"class":41},[31,93463,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476,93478],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,93465,134],{"class":133},[31,93467,137],{"class":41},[31,93469,1562],{"class":1561},[31,93471,137],{"class":41},[31,93473,60608],{"class":133},[31,93475,137],{"class":41},[31,93477,559],{"class":95},[31,93479,3490],{"class":41},[14,93481,26609],{},[228,93483,93484,93487,93490],{},[231,93485,93486],{},"what values are being created",[231,93488,93489],{},"whether the direction is correct",[231,93491,93492,93493,25217],{},"whether you are working with a ",[28,93494,60608],{},[72,93496,2435],{"id":2434},[613,93498,13299,93500,93502],{"id":93499},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[28,93501,36802],{}," include the last number?",[14,93504,93505],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[613,93507,5740,93509,93511,93512,2466],{"id":93508},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[28,93510,91438],{}," start at ",[28,93513,1243],{},[14,93515,93516,93517,70],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[28,93518,1243],{},[613,93520,5752,93522,93524],{"id":93521},"can-range-count-backward",[28,93523,36802],{}," count backward?",[14,93526,93527,93528,70],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[28,93529,93530],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[613,93532,15501,93534,26644],{"id":93533},"is-range-a-list",[28,93535,36802],{},[14,93537,26647,93538,93540,93541,24538],{},[28,93539,60608],{}," object. Use ",[28,93542,93543],{},"list(range(...))",[613,93545,5740,93547,49293],{"id":93546},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[28,93548,93549],{},"range(input())",[14,93551,93552,4060,93554,70],{},[28,93553,3536],{},[28,93555,93556],{},"int(input())",[72,93558,2475],{"id":2474},[228,93560,93561,93565,93571,93577,93583],{},[231,93562,93563],{},[264,93564,36635],{"href":36634},[231,93566,93567],{},[264,93568,4152,93569,4085],{"href":42964},[28,93570,42967],{},[231,93572,93573],{},[264,93574,4152,93575,4085],{"href":92607},[28,93576,36355],{},[231,93578,93579],{},[264,93580,38123,93581,37213],{"href":37209},[28,93582,36355],{},[231,93584,93585],{},[264,93586,51132,93587],{"href":51131},[28,93588,51135],{},[2499,93590,93591],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":93593},[93594,93595,93597,93603,93611,93618,93620,93632,93633,93645],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":91447,"depth":123,"text":93596},"What range() does",{"id":91540,"depth":123,"text":93598,"children":93599},"range() syntax",[93600,93601,93602],{"id":91620,"depth":130,"text":91623},{"id":91684,"depth":130,"text":91687},{"id":91752,"depth":130,"text":91755},{"id":91823,"depth":123,"text":91824,"children":93604},[93605,93606,93607,93608,93609],{"id":91830,"depth":130,"text":91438},{"id":91893,"depth":130,"text":91896},{"id":91957,"depth":130,"text":91960},{"id":92033,"depth":130,"text":92034},{"id":77401,"depth":130,"text":93610},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92192,"depth":123,"text":93612,"children":93613},"Using range() in a for loop",[93614,93615,93616],{"id":92294,"depth":130,"text":92295},{"id":92339,"depth":130,"text":92340},{"id":92419,"depth":130,"text":93617},"range() and indexing",{"id":92694,"depth":123,"text":93619},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":93621},[93622,93623,93625,93626,93628,93630],{"id":92877,"depth":130,"text":92878},{"id":92973,"depth":130,"text":93624},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":93039,"depth":130,"text":93040},{"id":93174,"depth":130,"text":93627},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93231,"depth":130,"text":93629},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93265,"depth":130,"text":93631},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93369,"depth":123,"text":93370},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":93634},[93635,93637,93639,93641,93643],{"id":93499,"depth":130,"text":93636},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93508,"depth":130,"text":93638},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93521,"depth":130,"text":93640},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93533,"depth":130,"text":93642},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93546,"depth":130,"text":93644},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91341,"description":93646},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93653,"title":93654,"body":93655,"description":95328,"extension":2542,"meta":95329,"navigation":126,"path":95330,"seo":95331,"stem":95332,"__hash__":95333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93656,"toc":95301},[93657,93666,93673,93690,93706,93708,93757,93765,93769,93772,93792,93794,93858,93860,93903,93906,93952,93954,93987,93997,94003,94011,94028,94030,94061,94063,94088,94093,94104,94107,94177,94179,94210,94215,94220,94237,94239,94290,94292,94325,94328,94335,94340,94344,94360,94362,94406,94408,94454,94457,94470,94475,94479,94493,94495,94546,94548,94581,94586,94588,94595,94597,94620,94622,94687,94689,94706,94709,94742,94744,94772,94782,94789,94793,94796,94814,94817,94845,94848,94866,94871,94877,94880,94902,94904,94932,94934,94937,94962,94965,95078,95080,95159,95161,95167,95172,95180,95188,95192,95195,95197,95230,95232,95240,95246,95253,95260,95263,95265,95298],[10,93658,4152,93660,11177,93662,93665],{"id":93659},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[28,93661,36802],{},[28,93663,93664],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93667,93668,4975,93670,93672],{},[28,93669,36802],{},[28,93671,93664],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[228,93674,93675,93683],{},[231,93676,93677,93679,93680],{},[28,93678,36802],{}," creates a ",[67,93681,93682],{},"range object",[231,93684,93685,93679,93687],{},[28,93686,93664],{},[67,93688,93689],{},"real list",[14,93691,93692,93693,93695,93696,93699,93700,93702,93703,93705],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[28,93694,91438],{}," to behave exactly like ",[28,93697,93698],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[28,93701,36802],{}," for looping, and only use ",[28,93704,93664],{}," when you actually need a list.",[72,93707,4186],{"id":4185},[21,93709,93711],{"className":23,"code":93710,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,93712,93713,93727,93740],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93714,93715,93717,93719,93721,93723,93725],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93716,85],{"class":37},[31,93718,89],{"class":88},[31,93720,54679],{"class":133},[31,93722,137],{"class":41},[31,93724,559],{"class":95},[31,93726,120],{"class":41},[31,93728,93729,93731,93733,93735,93737],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93730,134],{"class":133},[31,93732,137],{"class":41},[31,93734,141],{"class":140},[31,93736,4238],{"class":41},[31,93738,93739],{"class":157},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[31,93741,93742,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,93743,134],{"class":133},[31,93745,137],{"class":41},[31,93747,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93749,137],{"class":41},[31,93751,141],{"class":140},[31,93753,5945],{"class":41},[31,93755,93756],{"class":157},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93758,2668,93759,93761,93762,93764],{},[28,93760,36802],{}," for looping. Use ",[28,93763,93664],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[72,93766,93768],{"id":93767},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93770,93771],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[228,93773,93774,93781,93786,93789],{},[231,93775,93776,22574,93778,93780],{},[28,93777,36802],{},[67,93779,93682],{},", not a list",[231,93782,93783,93785],{},[28,93784,93664],{}," converts that range object into a list",[231,93787,93788],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[231,93790,93791],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93793,242],{},[21,93795,93797],{"className":23,"code":93796,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[28,93798,93799,93814,93833,93837,93847],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93800,93801,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93802,93803],{"class":37},"r ",[31,93805,89],{"class":88},[31,93807,54679],{"class":133},[31,93809,137],{"class":41},[31,93811,559],{"class":95},[31,93813,120],{"class":41},[31,93815,93816,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93817,93818],{"class":37},"lst ",[31,93820,89],{"class":88},[31,93822,23159],{"class":1561},[31,93824,137],{"class":41},[31,93826,60608],{"class":133},[31,93828,137],{"class":41},[31,93830,559],{"class":95},[31,93832,1569],{"class":41},[31,93834,93835],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,93836,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,93838,93839,93841,93843,93845],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,93840,134],{"class":133},[31,93842,137],{"class":41},[31,93844,61114],{"class":140},[31,93846,120],{"class":41},[31,93848,93849,93851,93853,93856],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,93850,134],{"class":133},[31,93852,137],{"class":41},[31,93854,93855],{"class":140},"lst",[31,93857,120],{"class":41},[14,93859,358],{},[21,93861,93863],{"className":23,"code":93862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,93864,93865,93879],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93866,93867,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93868,60608],{"class":133},[31,93870,137],{"class":41},[31,93872,1243],{"class":95},[31,93874,99],{"class":41},[31,93876,5187],{"class":95},[31,93878,120],{"class":41},[31,93880,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93882,42],{"class":41},[31,93884,1243],{"class":95},[31,93886,99],{"class":41},[31,93888,6082],{"class":95},[31,93890,99],{"class":41},[31,93892,3571],{"class":95},[31,93894,99],{"class":41},[31,93896,3027],{"class":95},[31,93898,99],{"class":41},[31,93900,3033],{"class":95},[31,93902,59],{"class":41},[14,93904,93905],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[21,93907,93909],{"className":23,"code":93908,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[28,93910,93911,93929],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93912,93913,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93914,134],{"class":133},[31,93916,137],{"class":41},[31,93918,1562],{"class":1561},[31,93920,137],{"class":41},[31,93922,60608],{"class":133},[31,93924,137],{"class":41},[31,93926,559],{"class":95},[31,93928,3490],{"class":41},[31,93930,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947,93949],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93932,134],{"class":133},[31,93934,137],{"class":41},[31,93936,1562],{"class":1561},[31,93938,137],{"class":41},[31,93940,8682],{"class":1561},[31,93942,137],{"class":41},[31,93944,60608],{"class":133},[31,93946,137],{"class":41},[31,93948,559],{"class":95},[31,93950,93951],{"class":41},"))))\n",[14,93953,358],{},[21,93955,93957],{"className":23,"code":93956,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[28,93958,93959,93973],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,93960,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,93962,1593],{"class":88},[31,93964,1597],{"class":1596},[31,93966,379],{"class":259},[31,93968,60608],{"class":263},[31,93970,370],{"class":259},[31,93972,1606],{"class":88},[31,93974,93975,93977,93979,93981,93983,93985],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,93976,1593],{"class":88},[31,93978,1597],{"class":1596},[31,93980,379],{"class":259},[31,93982,8682],{"class":263},[31,93984,370],{"class":259},[31,93986,1606],{"class":88},[14,93988,93989,93990,93992,93993,70],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[28,93991,36802],{}," works, see ",[264,93994,4152,93995,4085],{"href":93648},[28,93996,36802],{},[72,93998,4255,94000,94002],{"id":93999},"what-range-gives-you",[28,94001,36802],{}," gives you",[14,94004,94005,94007,94008,94010],{},[28,94006,36802],{}," is most often used in ",[28,94009,6543],{}," loops.",[228,94012,94013,94016,94019,94022],{},[231,94014,94015],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[231,94017,94018],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[231,94020,94021],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[231,94023,94024,94025],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[28,94026,94027],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,94029,242],{},[21,94031,94033],{"className":23,"code":94032,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[28,94034,94035,94051],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94036,94037,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94038,6543],{"class":4457},[31,94040,70156],{"class":37},[31,94042,4464],{"class":4457},[31,94044,54679],{"class":133},[31,94046,137],{"class":41},[31,94048,559],{"class":95},[31,94050,8931],{"class":41},[31,94052,94053,94055,94057,94059],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94054,8657],{"class":133},[31,94056,137],{"class":41},[31,94058,36758],{"class":140},[31,94060,120],{"class":41},[14,94062,358],{},[21,94064,94066],{"className":23,"code":94065,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[28,94067,94068,94072,94076,94080,94084],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94069,94070],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94071,47860],{"class":95},[31,94073,94074],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94075,47525],{"class":95},[31,94077,94078],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94079,17654],{"class":95},[31,94081,94082],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,94083,47225],{"class":95},[31,94085,94086],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,94087,49259],{"class":95},[14,94089,21369,94090,94092],{},[28,94091,91438],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,94094,94095,94096,94098,94099,70],{},"This is one reason ",[28,94097,36802],{}," is so common with ",[264,94100,4152,94102,91469],{"href":94101},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[28,94103,6543],{},[14,94105,94106],{},"You can also inspect it:",[21,94108,94110],{"className":23,"code":94109,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[28,94111,94112,94134,94138,94148,94162],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94113,94114,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94115,93803],{"class":37},[31,94117,89],{"class":88},[31,94119,54679],{"class":133},[31,94121,137],{"class":41},[31,94123,193],{"class":95},[31,94125,99],{"class":41},[31,94127,1026],{"class":95},[31,94129,99],{"class":41},[31,94131,3571],{"class":95},[31,94133,120],{"class":41},[31,94135,94136],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94137,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,94139,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94141,134],{"class":133},[31,94143,137],{"class":41},[31,94145,61114],{"class":140},[31,94147,120],{"class":41},[31,94149,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,94151,134],{"class":133},[31,94153,137],{"class":41},[31,94155,2408],{"class":133},[31,94157,137],{"class":41},[31,94159,61114],{"class":140},[31,94161,1569],{"class":41},[31,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94175],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,94165,134],{"class":133},[31,94167,137],{"class":41},[31,94169,1305],{"class":95},[31,94171,21772],{"class":4457},[31,94173,94174],{"class":140}," r",[31,94176,120],{"class":41},[14,94178,358],{},[21,94180,94182],{"className":23,"code":94181,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[28,94183,94184,94202,94206],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94185,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94187,60608],{"class":133},[31,94189,137],{"class":41},[31,94191,193],{"class":95},[31,94193,99],{"class":41},[31,94195,1026],{"class":95},[31,94197,99],{"class":41},[31,94199,3571],{"class":95},[31,94201,120],{"class":41},[31,94203,94204],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94205,49259],{"class":95},[31,94207,94208],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94209,4560],{"class":4432},[72,94211,4255,94213,94002],{"id":94212},"what-listrange-gives-you",[28,94214,93664],{},[14,94216,94217,94219],{},[28,94218,93664],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[228,94221,94222,94225,94228,94231],{},[231,94223,94224],{},"It creates all values at once",[231,94226,94227],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[231,94229,94230],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[231,94232,94233,94234,94236],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[28,94235,36802],{}," for very large sequences",[14,94238,242],{},[21,94240,94242],{"className":23,"code":94241,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[28,94243,94244,94262,94266,94276],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94247,85],{"class":37},[31,94249,89],{"class":88},[31,94251,23159],{"class":1561},[31,94253,137],{"class":41},[31,94255,60608],{"class":133},[31,94257,137],{"class":41},[31,94259,559],{"class":95},[31,94261,1569],{"class":41},[31,94263,94264],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94265,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,94267,94268,94270,94272,94274],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94269,134],{"class":133},[31,94271,137],{"class":41},[31,94273,141],{"class":140},[31,94275,120],{"class":41},[31,94277,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286,94288],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,94279,134],{"class":133},[31,94281,137],{"class":41},[31,94283,141],{"class":140},[31,94285,42],{"class":41},[31,94287,193],{"class":95},[31,94289,566],{"class":41},[14,94291,358],{},[21,94293,94295],{"className":23,"code":94294,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[28,94296,94297,94321],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94298,94299,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94300,42],{"class":41},[31,94302,1243],{"class":95},[31,94304,99],{"class":41},[31,94306,6082],{"class":95},[31,94308,99],{"class":41},[31,94310,3571],{"class":95},[31,94312,99],{"class":41},[31,94314,3027],{"class":95},[31,94316,99],{"class":41},[31,94318,3033],{"class":95},[31,94320,59],{"class":41},[31,94322,94323],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94324,17654],{"class":95},[14,94326,94327],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,94329,94330,94331,70],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[264,94332,4152,94333,4085],{"href":65456},[28,94334,25381],{},[72,94336,5544,94338],{"id":94337},"when-to-use-range",[28,94339,36802],{},[14,94341,2668,94342,11193],{},[28,94343,36802],{},[228,94345,94346,94351,94354,94357],{},[231,94347,94348,94349,92198],{},"You are writing a ",[28,94350,6543],{},[231,94352,94353],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[231,94355,94356],{},"You are working with large sequences",[231,94358,94359],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,94361,242],{},[21,94363,94365],{"className":23,"code":94364,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[28,94366,94367,94387],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94368,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94370,6543],{"class":4457},[31,94372,70156],{"class":37},[31,94374,4464],{"class":4457},[31,94376,54679],{"class":133},[31,94378,137],{"class":41},[31,94380,146],{"class":95},[31,94382,99],{"class":41},[31,94384,38248],{"class":95},[31,94386,8931],{"class":41},[31,94388,94389,94391,94393,94395,94398,94400,94402,94404],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94390,8657],{"class":133},[31,94392,137],{"class":41},[31,94394,260],{"class":259},[31,94396,94397],{"class":263},"Count:",[31,94399,260],{"class":259},[31,94401,99],{"class":41},[31,94403,36734],{"class":140},[31,94405,120],{"class":41},[14,94407,358],{},[21,94409,94411],{"className":23,"code":94410,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[28,94412,94413,94422,94430,94438,94446],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94414,94415,94418,94420],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94416,94417],{"class":37},"Count",[31,94419,48],{"class":41},[31,94421,30217],{"class":95},[31,94423,94424,94426,94428],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94425,94417],{"class":37},[31,94427,48],{"class":41},[31,94429,46197],{"class":95},[31,94431,94432,94434,94436],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94433,94417],{"class":37},[31,94435,48],{"class":41},[31,94437,3153],{"class":95},[31,94439,94440,94442,94444],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,94441,94417],{"class":37},[31,94443,48],{"class":41},[31,94445,24263],{"class":95},[31,94447,94448,94450,94452],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,94449,94417],{"class":37},[31,94451,48],{"class":41},[31,94453,35447],{"class":95},[14,94455,94456],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,94458,94459,94460,94462,94463,62896,94465,70],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[28,94461,36355],{}," is often a better choice than ",[28,94464,37203],{},[264,94466,37210,94468,37213],{"href":94467},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[28,94469,36355],{},[72,94471,5544,94473],{"id":94472},"when-to-use-listrange",[28,94474,93664],{},[14,94476,2668,94477,11193],{},[28,94478,93664],{},[228,94480,94481,94484,94487,94490],{},[231,94482,94483],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[231,94485,94486],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[231,94488,94489],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[231,94491,94492],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,94494,242],{},[21,94496,94498],{"className":23,"code":94497,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,94499,94500,94518,94532,94536],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94501,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94503,85],{"class":37},[31,94505,89],{"class":88},[31,94507,23159],{"class":1561},[31,94509,137],{"class":41},[31,94511,60608],{"class":133},[31,94513,137],{"class":41},[31,94515,559],{"class":95},[31,94517,1569],{"class":41},[31,94519,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94521,141],{"class":37},[31,94523,70],{"class":41},[31,94525,14150],{"class":140},[31,94527,137],{"class":41},[31,94529,559],{"class":95},[31,94531,120],{"class":41},[31,94533,94534],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94535,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,94537,94538,94540,94542,94544],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,94539,134],{"class":133},[31,94541,137],{"class":41},[31,94543,141],{"class":140},[31,94545,120],{"class":41},[14,94547,358],{},[21,94549,94551],{"className":23,"code":94550,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[28,94552,94553],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94554,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94556,42],{"class":41},[31,94558,1243],{"class":95},[31,94560,99],{"class":41},[31,94562,6082],{"class":95},[31,94564,99],{"class":41},[31,94566,3571],{"class":95},[31,94568,99],{"class":41},[31,94570,3027],{"class":95},[31,94572,99],{"class":41},[31,94574,3033],{"class":95},[31,94576,99],{"class":41},[31,94578,5187],{"class":95},[31,94580,59],{"class":41},[14,94582,6644,94583,94585],{},[28,94584,141],{}," is a list.",[72,94587,16194],{"id":16193},[14,94589,94590,94592,94593,70],{},[28,94591,36802],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[67,94594,38202],{},[14,94596,2683],{},[228,94598,94599,94601,94606,94611,94614],{},[231,94600,22584],{},[231,94602,94603,94604],{},"You can check its length with ",[28,94605,42967],{},[231,94607,94608,94609],{},"You can test membership with ",[28,94610,4464],{},[231,94612,94613],{},"You can index it",[231,94615,94616,94617,94619],{},"But list methods such as ",[28,94618,53261],{}," do not work on it",[14,94621,242],{},[21,94623,94625],{"className":23,"code":94624,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[28,94626,94627,94641,94645,94659,94673],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94628,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637,94639],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94630,93803],{"class":37},[31,94632,89],{"class":88},[31,94634,54679],{"class":133},[31,94636,137],{"class":41},[31,94638,559],{"class":95},[31,94640,120],{"class":41},[31,94642,94643],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94644,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,94646,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94648,134],{"class":133},[31,94650,137],{"class":41},[31,94652,61114],{"class":140},[31,94654,42],{"class":41},[31,94656,193],{"class":95},[31,94658,566],{"class":41},[31,94660,94661,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,94662,134],{"class":133},[31,94664,137],{"class":41},[31,94666,2408],{"class":133},[31,94668,137],{"class":41},[31,94670,61114],{"class":140},[31,94672,1569],{"class":41},[31,94674,94675,94677,94679,94681,94683,94685],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,94676,134],{"class":133},[31,94678,137],{"class":41},[31,94680,173],{"class":95},[31,94682,21772],{"class":4457},[31,94684,94174],{"class":140},[31,94686,120],{"class":41},[14,94688,358],{},[21,94690,94692],{"className":23,"code":94691,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[28,94693,94694,94698,94702],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94695,94696],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94697,17654],{"class":95},[31,94699,94700],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94701,3525],{"class":95},[31,94703,94704],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,94705,4560],{"class":4432},[14,94707,94708],{},"Now compare that with this:",[21,94710,94712],{"className":23,"code":94711,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[28,94713,94714,94728],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94715,94716,94718,94720,94722,94724,94726],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94717,93803],{"class":37},[31,94719,89],{"class":88},[31,94721,54679],{"class":133},[31,94723,137],{"class":41},[31,94725,559],{"class":95},[31,94727,120],{"class":41},[31,94729,94730,94732,94734,94736,94738,94740],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94731,61114],{"class":37},[31,94733,70],{"class":41},[31,94735,14150],{"class":140},[31,94737,137],{"class":41},[31,94739,559],{"class":95},[31,94741,120],{"class":41},[14,94743,358],{},[21,94745,94747],{"className":23,"code":94746,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[28,94748,94749],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94750,94751,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94763,94766,94768,94770],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94752,26272],{"class":1561},[31,94754,48],{"class":41},[31,94756,379],{"class":259},[31,94758,60608],{"class":263},[31,94760,370],{"class":259},[31,94762,25217],{"class":1561},[31,94764,94765],{"class":37}," has no attribute ",[31,94767,370],{"class":259},[31,94769,14150],{"class":263},[31,94771,30302],{"class":259},[14,94773,94774,94775,2766,94777,2770,94779,94781],{},"If you need methods like ",[28,94776,53261],{},[28,94778,56138],{},[28,94780,64920],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94783,94784,94785,70],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[264,94786,26280,94787],{"href":36025},[28,94788,34859],{},[72,94790,94792],{"id":94791},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94794,94795],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[21,94797,94798],{"className":23,"code":93274,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,94799,94800],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94801,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94803,134],{"class":133},[31,94805,137],{"class":41},[31,94807,60608],{"class":133},[31,94809,137],{"class":41},[31,94811,559],{"class":95},[31,94813,1569],{"class":41},[14,94815,94816],{},"to show:",[21,94818,94819],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,94820,94821],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94822,94823,94825,94827,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94824,42],{"class":41},[31,94826,1243],{"class":95},[31,94828,99],{"class":41},[31,94830,6082],{"class":95},[31,94832,99],{"class":41},[31,94834,3571],{"class":95},[31,94836,99],{"class":41},[31,94838,3027],{"class":95},[31,94840,99],{"class":41},[31,94842,3033],{"class":95},[31,94844,59],{"class":41},[14,94846,94847],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[21,94849,94850],{"className":23,"code":93295,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,94851,94852],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94853,94854,94856,94858,94860,94862,94864],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94855,60608],{"class":133},[31,94857,137],{"class":41},[31,94859,1243],{"class":95},[31,94861,99],{"class":41},[31,94863,5187],{"class":95},[31,94865,120],{"class":41},[14,94867,5210,94868,94870],{},[67,94869,5213],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94872,94873,94874,94876],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[67,94875,93682],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94878,94879],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[21,94881,94882],{"className":23,"code":91631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,94883,94884],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94885,94886,94888,94890,94892,94894,94896,94898,94900],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94887,134],{"class":133},[31,94889,137],{"class":41},[31,94891,8682],{"class":1561},[31,94893,137],{"class":41},[31,94895,60608],{"class":133},[31,94897,137],{"class":41},[31,94899,559],{"class":95},[31,94901,3490],{"class":41},[14,94903,358],{},[21,94905,94906],{"className":23,"code":60631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,94907,94908],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94909,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94911,42],{"class":41},[31,94913,1243],{"class":95},[31,94915,99],{"class":41},[31,94917,6082],{"class":95},[31,94919,99],{"class":41},[31,94921,3571],{"class":95},[31,94923,99],{"class":41},[31,94925,3027],{"class":95},[31,94927,99],{"class":41},[31,94929,3033],{"class":95},[31,94931,59],{"class":41},[72,94933,3407],{"id":3406},[14,94935,94936],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[228,94938,94939,94945,94948,94954],{},[231,94940,9007,94941,94944],{},[28,94942,94943],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[231,94946,94947],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[231,94949,94950,94951,94953],{},"Not realizing that ",[28,94952,36802],{}," is iterable but not a list",[231,94955,9007,94956,94958,94959,94961],{},[28,94957,93664],{}," when plain ",[28,94960,36802],{}," would be simpler",[14,94963,94964],{},"These quick checks can help:",[21,94966,94968],{"className":23,"code":94967,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[28,94969,94970,94984,95002,95020,95042,95060],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,94971,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,94973,134],{"class":133},[31,94975,137],{"class":41},[31,94977,60608],{"class":133},[31,94979,137],{"class":41},[31,94981,559],{"class":95},[31,94983,1569],{"class":41},[31,94985,94986,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996,94998,95000],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,94987,134],{"class":133},[31,94989,137],{"class":41},[31,94991,8682],{"class":1561},[31,94993,137],{"class":41},[31,94995,60608],{"class":133},[31,94997,137],{"class":41},[31,94999,559],{"class":95},[31,95001,3490],{"class":41},[31,95003,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014,95016,95018],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95005,134],{"class":133},[31,95007,137],{"class":41},[31,95009,1562],{"class":1561},[31,95011,137],{"class":41},[31,95013,60608],{"class":133},[31,95015,137],{"class":41},[31,95017,559],{"class":95},[31,95019,3490],{"class":41},[31,95021,95022,95024,95026,95028,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,95023,134],{"class":133},[31,95025,137],{"class":41},[31,95027,1562],{"class":1561},[31,95029,137],{"class":41},[31,95031,8682],{"class":1561},[31,95033,137],{"class":41},[31,95035,60608],{"class":133},[31,95037,137],{"class":41},[31,95039,559],{"class":95},[31,95041,93951],{"class":41},[31,95043,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054,95056,95058],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,95045,134],{"class":133},[31,95047,137],{"class":41},[31,95049,173],{"class":95},[31,95051,21772],{"class":4457},[31,95053,54679],{"class":133},[31,95055,137],{"class":41},[31,95057,559],{"class":95},[31,95059,1569],{"class":41},[31,95061,95062,95064,95066,95068,95070,95072,95074,95076],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,95063,134],{"class":133},[31,95065,137],{"class":41},[31,95067,2408],{"class":133},[31,95069,137],{"class":41},[31,95071,60608],{"class":133},[31,95073,137],{"class":41},[31,95075,559],{"class":95},[31,95077,3490],{"class":41},[14,95079,358],{},[21,95081,95083],{"className":23,"code":95082,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[28,95084,95085,95099,95123,95137,95151,95155],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95086,95087,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95088,60608],{"class":133},[31,95090,137],{"class":41},[31,95092,1243],{"class":95},[31,95094,99],{"class":41},[31,95096,5187],{"class":95},[31,95098,120],{"class":41},[31,95100,95101,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95102,42],{"class":41},[31,95104,1243],{"class":95},[31,95106,99],{"class":41},[31,95108,6082],{"class":95},[31,95110,99],{"class":41},[31,95112,3571],{"class":95},[31,95114,99],{"class":41},[31,95116,3027],{"class":95},[31,95118,99],{"class":41},[31,95120,3033],{"class":95},[31,95122,59],{"class":41},[31,95124,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95126,1593],{"class":88},[31,95128,1597],{"class":1596},[31,95130,379],{"class":259},[31,95132,60608],{"class":263},[31,95134,370],{"class":259},[31,95136,1606],{"class":88},[31,95138,95139,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,95140,1593],{"class":88},[31,95142,1597],{"class":1596},[31,95144,379],{"class":259},[31,95146,8682],{"class":263},[31,95148,370],{"class":259},[31,95150,1606],{"class":88},[31,95152,95153],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,95154,4560],{"class":4432},[31,95156,95157],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,95158,3525],{"class":95},[72,95160,2435],{"id":2434},[613,95162,15501,95164,95166],{"id":95163},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[28,95165,36802],{}," a list in Python?",[14,95168,46973,95169,95171],{},[28,95170,36802],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[613,95173,95175,95176,11685,95178,2466],{"id":95174},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[28,95177,36802],{},[28,95179,93664],{},[14,95181,95182,95184,95185,95187],{},[28,95183,36802],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[28,95186,93664],{}," creates a full list.",[613,95189,95191],{"id":95190},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,95193,95194],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,95196,242],{},[21,95198,95200],{"className":23,"code":95199,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[28,95201,95202,95216],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95203,95204,95206,95208,95210,95212,95214],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95205,93803],{"class":37},[31,95207,89],{"class":88},[31,95209,54679],{"class":133},[31,95211,137],{"class":41},[31,95213,559],{"class":95},[31,95215,120],{"class":41},[31,95217,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95219,134],{"class":133},[31,95221,137],{"class":41},[31,95223,61114],{"class":140},[31,95225,42],{"class":41},[31,95227,146],{"class":95},[31,95229,566],{"class":41},[14,95231,358],{},[21,95233,95234],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,95235,95236],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95237,95238],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95239,47525],{"class":95},[613,95241,5740,95243,95245],{"id":95242},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[28,95244,94943],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,95247,95248,95249,95252],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[28,95250,95251],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[613,95254,95256,95257,95259],{"id":95255},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[28,95258,36802],{}," to a list?",[14,95261,95262],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[72,95264,2475],{"id":2474},[228,95266,95267,95273,95279,95286,95292],{},[231,95268,95269],{},[264,95270,4152,95271,4085],{"href":93648},[28,95272,36802],{},[231,95274,95275],{},[264,95276,4152,95277,4085],{"href":65456},[28,95278,25381],{},[231,95280,95281],{},[264,95282,4152,95283,95285],{"href":94101},[28,95284,6543],{}," loops explained",[231,95287,95288],{},[264,95289,38123,95290,37213],{"href":94467},[28,95291,36355],{},[231,95293,95294],{},[264,95295,26723,95296],{"href":36025},[28,95297,34859],{},[2499,95299,95300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":95302},[95303,95304,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95314,95315,95316,95327],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":93767,"depth":123,"text":93768},{"id":93999,"depth":123,"text":95306},"What range() gives you",{"id":94212,"depth":123,"text":95308},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94337,"depth":123,"text":95310},"When to use range()",{"id":94472,"depth":123,"text":95312},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16193,"depth":123,"text":16194},{"id":94791,"depth":123,"text":94792},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":95317},[95318,95320,95322,95323,95325],{"id":95163,"depth":130,"text":95319},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95174,"depth":130,"text":95321},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95190,"depth":130,"text":95191},{"id":95242,"depth":130,"text":95324},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95255,"depth":130,"text":95326},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93654,"description":95328},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95335,"title":95336,"body":95337,"description":96773,"extension":2542,"meta":96774,"navigation":126,"path":96775,"seo":96776,"stem":96777,"__hash__":96778},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95338,"toc":96739},[95339,95345,95350,95353,95367,95370,95372,95411,95413,95426,95434,95439,95455,95458,95460,95462,95483,95500,95503,95562,95564,95583,95588,95594,95597,95631,95633,95646,95649,95694,95696,95719,95726,95732,95735,95776,95778,95792,95795,95853,95855,95870,95883,95889,95895,95960,95962,95981,95983,96001,96004,96008,96014,96016,96049,96051,96064,96074,96077,96138,96140,96161,96164,96166,96182,96187,96191,96196,96201,96257,96259,96277,96280,96325,96327,96335,96340,96344,96358,96360,96392,96394,96403,96405,96409,96418,96421,96453,96455,96467,96470,96474,96479,96520,96522,96530,96533,96556,96560,96562,96571,96574,96627,96629,96638,96642,96647,96658,96660,96669,96672,96678,96681,96687,96697,96705,96712,96714,96736],[10,95340,4152,95342,4156],{"id":95341},"python-round-function-explained",[28,95343,95344],{},"round()",[14,95346,9714,95347,95349],{},[28,95348,95344],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,95351,95352],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[228,95354,95355,95361],{},[231,95356,95357,95360],{},[28,95358,95359],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[231,95362,95363,95366],{},[28,95364,95365],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,95368,95369],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[72,95371,75],{"id":74},[21,95373,95375],{"className":23,"code":95374,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[28,95376,95377,95393],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95378,95379,95381,95383,95386,95388,95391],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95380,134],{"class":133},[31,95382,137],{"class":41},[31,95384,95385],{"class":133},"round",[31,95387,137],{"class":41},[31,95389,95390],{"class":95},"3.14159",[31,95392,1569],{"class":41},[31,95394,95395,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405,95407,95409],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95396,134],{"class":133},[31,95398,137],{"class":41},[31,95400,95385],{"class":133},[31,95402,137],{"class":41},[31,95404,95390],{"class":95},[31,95406,99],{"class":41},[31,95408,3571],{"class":95},[31,95410,1569],{"class":41},[14,95412,358],{},[21,95414,95416],{"className":23,"code":95415,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3\n3.14\n",[28,95417,95418,95422],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95419,95420],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95421,47225],{"class":95},[31,95423,95424],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95425,40782],{"class":95},[14,95427,2668,95428,95430,95431,95433],{},[28,95429,95359],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[28,95432,95365],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[72,95435,4255,95437,4258],{"id":95436},"what-round-does",[28,95438,95344],{},[228,95440,95441,95446,95449,95452],{},[231,95442,95443,95445],{},[28,95444,95344],{}," is a built-in Python function",[231,95447,95448],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[231,95450,95451],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[231,95453,95454],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,95456,95457],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[72,95459,2733],{"id":2732},[14,95461,2736],{},[21,95463,95465],{"className":23,"code":95464,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[28,95466,95467],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95468,95469,95471,95473,95475,95478,95481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95470,95385],{"class":133},[31,95472,137],{"class":41},[31,95474,2816],{"class":140},[31,95476,95477],{"class":41},"[,",[31,95479,95480],{"class":140}," ndigits",[31,95482,566],{"class":41},[228,95484,95485,95490,95495],{},[231,95486,95487,95489],{},[28,95488,2816],{}," is the value to round",[231,95491,95492,20638],{},[28,95493,95494],{},"ndigits",[231,95496,95497,95499],{},[28,95498,95494],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,95501,95502],{},"Basic examples:",[21,95504,95506],{"className":23,"code":95505,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[28,95507,95508,95523,95541],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95509,95510,95512,95514,95516,95518,95521],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95511,134],{"class":133},[31,95513,137],{"class":41},[31,95515,95385],{"class":133},[31,95517,137],{"class":41},[31,95519,95520],{"class":95},"7.8",[31,95522,1569],{"class":41},[31,95524,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533,95535,95537,95539],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95526,134],{"class":133},[31,95528,137],{"class":41},[31,95530,95385],{"class":133},[31,95532,137],{"class":41},[31,95534,95520],{"class":95},[31,95536,99],{"class":41},[31,95538,6082],{"class":95},[31,95540,1569],{"class":41},[31,95542,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551,95554,95556,95558,95560],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95544,134],{"class":133},[31,95546,137],{"class":41},[31,95548,95385],{"class":133},[31,95550,137],{"class":41},[31,95552,95553],{"class":95},"1234",[31,95555,99],{"class":41},[31,95557,2799],{"class":88},[31,95559,193],{"class":95},[31,95561,1569],{"class":41},[14,95563,358],{},[21,95565,95567],{"className":23,"code":95566,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[28,95568,95569,95573,95578],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95570,95571],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95572,2956],{"class":95},[31,95574,95575],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95576,95577],{"class":95},"7.8\n",[31,95579,95580],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95581,95582],{"class":95},"1200\n",[14,95584,95585,95586,70],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[264,95587,2995],{"href":2994},[72,95589,9007,95591,95593],{"id":95590},"using-round-with-one-argument",[28,95592,95344],{}," with one argument",[14,95595,95596],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[21,95598,95600],{"className":23,"code":95599,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[28,95601,95602,95616],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95603,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95605,134],{"class":133},[31,95607,137],{"class":41},[31,95609,95385],{"class":133},[31,95611,137],{"class":41},[31,95613,2937],{"class":95},[31,95615,1569],{"class":41},[31,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95629],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95619,134],{"class":133},[31,95621,137],{"class":41},[31,95623,95385],{"class":133},[31,95625,137],{"class":41},[31,95627,95628],{"class":95},"4.8",[31,95630,1569],{"class":41},[14,95632,358],{},[21,95634,95636],{"className":23,"code":95635,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"4\n5\n",[28,95637,95638,95642],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95639,95640],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95641,49259],{"class":95},[31,95643,95644],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95645,3525],{"class":95},[14,95647,95648],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[21,95650,95652],{"className":23,"code":95651,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,95653,95654,95670,95680],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95655,95656,95658,95660,95663,95665,95668],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95657,1522],{"class":37},[31,95659,89],{"class":88},[31,95661,95662],{"class":133}," round",[31,95664,137],{"class":41},[31,95666,95667],{"class":95},"10.2",[31,95669,120],{"class":41},[31,95671,95672,95674,95676,95678],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95673,134],{"class":133},[31,95675,137],{"class":41},[31,95677,1550],{"class":140},[31,95679,120],{"class":41},[31,95681,95682,95684,95686,95688,95690,95692],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95683,134],{"class":133},[31,95685,137],{"class":41},[31,95687,1562],{"class":1561},[31,95689,137],{"class":41},[31,95691,1550],{"class":140},[31,95693,1569],{"class":41},[14,95695,358],{},[21,95697,95699],{"className":23,"code":95698,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,95700,95701,95705],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95702,95703],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95704,2951],{"class":95},[31,95706,95707,95709,95711,95713,95715,95717],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95708,1593],{"class":88},[31,95710,1597],{"class":1596},[31,95712,379],{"class":259},[31,95714,2765],{"class":263},[31,95716,370],{"class":259},[31,95718,1606],{"class":88},[14,95720,95721,95722,70],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[264,95723,4152,95724,4085],{"href":3452},[28,95725,3455],{},[72,95727,9007,95729,95731],{"id":95728},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[28,95730,95344],{}," with decimal places",[14,95733,95734],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[21,95736,95738],{"className":23,"code":95737,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[28,95739,95740,95758],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95743,134],{"class":133},[31,95745,137],{"class":41},[31,95747,95385],{"class":133},[31,95749,137],{"class":41},[31,95751,95390],{"class":95},[31,95753,99],{"class":41},[31,95755,3571],{"class":95},[31,95757,1569],{"class":41},[31,95759,95760,95762,95764,95766,95768,95770,95772,95774],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95761,134],{"class":133},[31,95763,137],{"class":41},[31,95765,95385],{"class":133},[31,95767,137],{"class":41},[31,95769,95390],{"class":95},[31,95771,99],{"class":41},[31,95773,3027],{"class":95},[31,95775,1569],{"class":41},[14,95777,358],{},[21,95779,95781],{"className":23,"code":95780,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3.14\n3.142\n",[28,95782,95783,95787],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95784,95785],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95786,40782],{"class":95},[31,95788,95789],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95790,95791],{"class":95},"3.142\n",[14,95793,95794],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[21,95796,95798],{"className":23,"code":95797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[28,95799,95800,95809,95828,95832,95842],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95801,95802,95804,95806],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95803,40992],{"class":37},[31,95805,89],{"class":88},[31,95807,95808],{"class":95}," 19.9876\n",[31,95810,95811,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824,95826],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95812,95813],{"class":37},"rounded_price ",[31,95815,89],{"class":88},[31,95817,95662],{"class":133},[31,95819,137],{"class":41},[31,95821,25750],{"class":140},[31,95823,99],{"class":41},[31,95825,3571],{"class":95},[31,95827,120],{"class":41},[31,95829,95830],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95831,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,95833,95834,95836,95838,95840],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,95835,134],{"class":133},[31,95837,137],{"class":41},[31,95839,25750],{"class":140},[31,95841,120],{"class":41},[31,95843,95844,95846,95848,95851],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,95845,134],{"class":133},[31,95847,137],{"class":41},[31,95849,95850],{"class":140},"rounded_price",[31,95852,120],{"class":41},[14,95854,358],{},[21,95856,95858],{"className":23,"code":95857,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[28,95859,95860,95865],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95861,95862],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95863,95864],{"class":95},"19.9876\n",[31,95866,95867],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95868,95869],{"class":95},"19.99\n",[14,95871,95872,95873,95876,95877,3456,95879,70],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[28,95874,95875],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[264,95878,41497],{"href":41496},[264,95880,4152,95881,4085],{"href":3459},[28,95882,3462],{},[72,95884,95886,95887],{"id":95885},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[28,95888,95494],{},[14,95890,95891,95892,95894],{},"A negative ",[28,95893,95494],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[21,95896,95898],{"className":23,"code":95897,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[28,95899,95900,95920,95940],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95901,95902,95904,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95903,134],{"class":133},[31,95905,137],{"class":41},[31,95907,95385],{"class":133},[31,95909,137],{"class":41},[31,95911,95553],{"class":95},[31,95913,99],{"class":41},[31,95915,2799],{"class":88},[31,95917,146],{"class":95},[31,95919,1569],{"class":41},[31,95921,95922,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95923,134],{"class":133},[31,95925,137],{"class":41},[31,95927,95385],{"class":133},[31,95929,137],{"class":41},[31,95931,95553],{"class":95},[31,95933,99],{"class":41},[31,95935,2799],{"class":88},[31,95937,193],{"class":95},[31,95939,1569],{"class":41},[31,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95943,134],{"class":133},[31,95945,137],{"class":41},[31,95947,95385],{"class":133},[31,95949,137],{"class":41},[31,95951,95553],{"class":95},[31,95953,99],{"class":41},[31,95955,2799],{"class":88},[31,95957,173],{"class":95},[31,95959,1569],{"class":41},[14,95961,358],{},[21,95963,95965],{"className":23,"code":95964,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[28,95966,95967,95972,95976],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,95968,95969],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,95970,95971],{"class":95},"1230\n",[31,95973,95974],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,95975,95582],{"class":95},[31,95977,95978],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,95979,95980],{"class":95},"1000\n",[14,95982,66192],{},[228,95984,95985,95990,95996],{},[231,95986,95987,95989],{},[28,95988,66462],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[231,95991,95992,95995],{},[28,95993,95994],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[231,95997,95998,96000],{},[28,95999,48279],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,96002,96003],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[72,96005,96007],{"id":96006},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,96009,96010,96011,70],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[28,96012,96013],{},".5",[14,96015,6056],{},[21,96017,96019],{"className":23,"code":96018,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[28,96020,96021,96035],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96022,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031,96033],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96024,134],{"class":133},[31,96026,137],{"class":41},[31,96028,95385],{"class":133},[31,96030,137],{"class":41},[31,96032,41764],{"class":95},[31,96034,1569],{"class":41},[31,96036,96037,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96038,134],{"class":133},[31,96040,137],{"class":41},[31,96042,95385],{"class":133},[31,96044,137],{"class":41},[31,96046,2617],{"class":95},[31,96048,1569],{"class":41},[14,96050,358],{},[21,96052,96054],{"className":23,"code":96053,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"2\n4\n",[28,96055,96056,96060],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96057,96058],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96059,17654],{"class":95},[31,96061,96062],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96063,49259],{"class":95},[14,96065,96066,96067,96070,96071,96073],{},"Python uses ",[67,96068,96069],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[28,96072,96013],{}," situations.",[14,96075,96076],{},"More examples:",[21,96078,96080],{"className":23,"code":96079,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[28,96081,96082,96096,96110,96124],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96083,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96085,134],{"class":133},[31,96087,137],{"class":41},[31,96089,95385],{"class":133},[31,96091,137],{"class":41},[31,96093,41777],{"class":95},[31,96095,1569],{"class":41},[31,96097,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96099,134],{"class":133},[31,96101,137],{"class":41},[31,96103,95385],{"class":133},[31,96105,137],{"class":41},[31,96107,41764],{"class":95},[31,96109,1569],{"class":41},[31,96111,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96113,134],{"class":133},[31,96115,137],{"class":41},[31,96117,95385],{"class":133},[31,96119,137],{"class":41},[31,96121,2617],{"class":95},[31,96123,1569],{"class":41},[31,96125,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,96127,134],{"class":133},[31,96129,137],{"class":41},[31,96131,95385],{"class":133},[31,96133,137],{"class":41},[31,96135,41729],{"class":95},[31,96137,1569],{"class":41},[14,96139,358],{},[21,96141,96143],{"className":23,"code":96142,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[28,96144,96145,96149,96153,96157],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96146,96147],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96148,17654],{"class":95},[31,96150,96151],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96152,17654],{"class":95},[31,96154,96155],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96156,49259],{"class":95},[31,96158,96159],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,96160,49259],{"class":95},[14,96162,96163],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,96165,11305],{},[228,96167,96168,96175],{},[231,96169,96170,2709,96173],{},[28,96171,96172],{},"round(2.5)",[28,96174,193],{},[231,96176,96177,2709,96180],{},[28,96178,96179],{},"round(3.5)",[28,96181,151],{},[14,96183,3748,96184,96186],{},[28,96185,96013],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[72,96188,96190],{"id":96189},"return-values","Return values",[14,96192,96193,96195],{},[28,96194,95344],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,96197,41511,96198,96200],{},[67,96199,5213],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[21,96202,96204],{"className":23,"code":96203,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[28,96205,96206,96215,96219,96229,96247],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96207,96208,96210,96212],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96209,3022],{"class":37},[31,96211,89],{"class":88},[31,96213,96214],{"class":95}," 3.14159\n",[31,96216,96217],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96218,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,96220,96221,96223,96225,96227],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96222,134],{"class":133},[31,96224,137],{"class":41},[31,96226,3049],{"class":140},[31,96228,120],{"class":41},[31,96230,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,96232,134],{"class":133},[31,96234,137],{"class":41},[31,96236,95385],{"class":133},[31,96238,137],{"class":41},[31,96240,3049],{"class":140},[31,96242,99],{"class":41},[31,96244,3571],{"class":95},[31,96246,1569],{"class":41},[31,96248,96249,96251,96253,96255],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,96250,134],{"class":133},[31,96252,137],{"class":41},[31,96254,3049],{"class":140},[31,96256,120],{"class":41},[14,96258,358],{},[21,96260,96262],{"className":23,"code":96261,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[28,96263,96264,96269,96273],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96265,96266],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96267,96268],{"class":95},"3.14159\n",[31,96270,96271],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96272,40782],{"class":95},[31,96274,96275],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96276,96268],{"class":95},[14,96278,96279],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[21,96281,96283],{"className":23,"code":96282,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[28,96284,96285,96293,96311,96315],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96286,96287,96289,96291],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96288,3022],{"class":37},[31,96290,89],{"class":88},[31,96292,96214],{"class":95},[31,96294,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307,96309],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96296,3022],{"class":37},[31,96298,89],{"class":88},[31,96300,95662],{"class":133},[31,96302,137],{"class":41},[31,96304,3049],{"class":140},[31,96306,99],{"class":41},[31,96308,3571],{"class":95},[31,96310,120],{"class":41},[31,96312,96313],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96314,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,96316,96317,96319,96321,96323],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,96318,134],{"class":133},[31,96320,137],{"class":41},[31,96322,3049],{"class":140},[31,96324,120],{"class":41},[14,96326,358],{},[21,96328,96329],{"className":23,"code":40782,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,96330,96331],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96332,96333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96334,40782],{"class":95},[72,96336,5544,96338],{"id":96337},"when-to-use-round",[28,96339,95344],{},[14,96341,2668,96342,6902],{},[28,96343,95344],{},[228,96345,96346,96349,96352,96355],{},[231,96347,96348],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[231,96350,96351],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[231,96353,96354],{},"Round values before reporting results",[231,96356,96357],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,96359,6056],{},[21,96361,96363],{"className":23,"code":96362,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[28,96364,96365,96374],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96366,96367,96369,96371],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96368,3172],{"class":37},[31,96370,89],{"class":88},[31,96372,96373],{"class":95}," 12.67891\n",[31,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96377,134],{"class":133},[31,96379,137],{"class":41},[31,96381,95385],{"class":133},[31,96383,137],{"class":41},[31,96385,3195],{"class":140},[31,96387,99],{"class":41},[31,96389,3571],{"class":95},[31,96391,1569],{"class":41},[14,96393,358],{},[21,96395,96397],{"className":23,"code":96396,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"12.68\n",[28,96398,96399],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96400,96401],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96402,96396],{"class":95},[72,96404,3407],{"id":3406},[14,96406,23694,96407,70],{},[28,96408,95344],{},[613,96410,9043,96412,96414,96415,96417],{"id":96411},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[28,96413,95344],{}," to always round ",[28,96416,96013],{}," upward",[14,96419,96420],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[21,96422,96423],{"className":23,"code":96018,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,96424,96425,96439],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96426,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96428,134],{"class":133},[31,96430,137],{"class":41},[31,96432,95385],{"class":133},[31,96434,137],{"class":41},[31,96436,41764],{"class":95},[31,96438,1569],{"class":41},[31,96440,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96442,134],{"class":133},[31,96444,137],{"class":41},[31,96446,95385],{"class":133},[31,96448,137],{"class":41},[31,96450,2617],{"class":95},[31,96452,1569],{"class":41},[14,96454,358],{},[21,96456,96457],{"className":23,"code":96053,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,96458,96459,96463],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96460,96461],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96462,17654],{"class":95},[31,96464,96465],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96466,49259],{"class":95},[14,96468,96469],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[613,96471,96473],{"id":96472},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,96475,96476,96478],{},[28,96477,95344],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[21,96480,96482],{"className":23,"code":96481,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[28,96483,96484,96492,96506,96510],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96485,96486,96488,96490],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96487,3022],{"class":37},[31,96489,89],{"class":88},[31,96491,96214],{"class":95},[31,96493,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96495,95385],{"class":133},[31,96497,137],{"class":41},[31,96499,3049],{"class":140},[31,96501,99],{"class":41},[31,96503,3571],{"class":95},[31,96505,120],{"class":41},[31,96507,96508],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96509,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,96511,96512,96514,96516,96518],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,96513,134],{"class":133},[31,96515,137],{"class":41},[31,96517,3049],{"class":140},[31,96519,120],{"class":41},[14,96521,358],{},[21,96523,96524],{"className":23,"code":96268,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,96525,96526],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96527,96528],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96529,96268],{"class":95},[14,96531,96532],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[21,96534,96536],{"className":23,"code":96535,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[28,96537,96538],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96539,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96541,3022],{"class":37},[31,96543,89],{"class":88},[31,96545,95662],{"class":133},[31,96547,137],{"class":41},[31,96549,3049],{"class":140},[31,96551,99],{"class":41},[31,96553,3571],{"class":95},[31,96555,120],{"class":41},[613,96557,96559],{"id":96558},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96561,16998],{},[21,96563,96565],{"className":23,"code":96564,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[28,96566,96567],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96568,96569],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96570,96564],{"class":157},[14,96572,96573],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[21,96575,96577],{"className":23,"code":96576,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[28,96578,96579,96591,96605,96609],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96580,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96582,35292],{"class":37},[31,96584,89],{"class":88},[31,96586,271],{"class":259},[31,96588,40748],{"class":263},[31,96590,3934],{"class":259},[31,96592,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96594,2794],{"class":37},[31,96596,89],{"class":88},[31,96598,40860],{"class":1561},[31,96600,137],{"class":41},[31,96602,35313],{"class":140},[31,96604,120],{"class":41},[31,96606,96607],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96608,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,96610,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,96612,134],{"class":133},[31,96614,137],{"class":41},[31,96616,95385],{"class":133},[31,96618,137],{"class":41},[31,96620,2816],{"class":140},[31,96622,99],{"class":41},[31,96624,6082],{"class":95},[31,96626,1569],{"class":41},[14,96628,358],{},[21,96630,96632],{"className":23,"code":96631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3.1\n",[28,96633,96634],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96635,96636],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96637,96631],{"class":95},[613,96639,96641],{"id":96640},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96643,96644,96646],{},[28,96645,95344],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96648,96649,96650,3456,96654,70],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[264,96651,96652],{"href":3459},[28,96653,3462],{},[264,96655,96656],{"href":3452},[28,96657,3455],{},[72,96659,2435],{"id":2434},[613,96661,13299,96663,96665,96666,96668],{"id":96662},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[28,96664,95344],{}," always round ",[28,96667,40819],{}," up?",[14,96670,96671],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[613,96673,13299,96675,96677],{"id":96674},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[28,96676,95344],{}," change the original number?",[14,96679,96680],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[613,96682,5752,96684,96686],{"id":96683},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[28,96685,95344],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96688,96689,96690,96692,96693,3456,96695,70],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[28,96691,95494],{}," value like ",[28,96694,66462],{},[28,96696,95994],{},[613,96698,28930,96700,96702,96703,2466],{"id":96699},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[28,96701,95344],{}," on a string like ",[28,96704,48703],{},[14,96706,96707,96708,3456,96710,70],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[28,96709,3462],{},[28,96711,3455],{},[72,96713,2475],{"id":2474},[228,96715,96716,96722,96728,96732],{},[231,96717,96718],{},[264,96719,4152,96720,4085],{"href":3459},[28,96721,3462],{},[231,96723,96724],{},[264,96725,4152,96726,4085],{"href":3452},[28,96727,3455],{},[231,96729,96730],{},[264,96731,2995],{"href":2994},[231,96733,96734],{},[264,96735,42787],{"href":41496},[2499,96737,96738],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":96740},[96741,96742,96744,96745,96747,96749,96751,96752,96753,96755,96762,96772],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":95436,"depth":123,"text":96743},"What round() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":95590,"depth":123,"text":96746},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95728,"depth":123,"text":96748},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95885,"depth":123,"text":96750},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":96006,"depth":123,"text":96007},{"id":96189,"depth":123,"text":96190},{"id":96337,"depth":123,"text":96754},"When to use round()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":96756},[96757,96759,96760,96761],{"id":96411,"depth":130,"text":96758},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96472,"depth":130,"text":96473},{"id":96558,"depth":130,"text":96559},{"id":96640,"depth":130,"text":96641},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":96763},[96764,96766,96768,96770],{"id":96662,"depth":130,"text":96765},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96674,"depth":130,"text":96767},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96683,"depth":130,"text":96769},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96699,"depth":130,"text":96771},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95336,"description":96773},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96780,"title":96781,"body":96782,"description":97967,"extension":2542,"meta":97968,"navigation":126,"path":97969,"seo":97970,"stem":97971,"__hash__":97972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96783,"toc":97941},[96784,96791,96797,96800,96802,96851,96855,96880,96885,96890,96895,96909,96920,96922,96941,96943,96959,96962,96973,96975,96977,97038,97042,97075,97082,97089,97092,97125,97128,97132,97135,97188,97192,97213,97219,97226,97233,97294,97302,97379,97383,97395,97404,97406,97412,97418,97422,97475,97478,97536,97540,97548,97551,97555,97558,97568,97570,97667,97670,97681,97684,97727,97731,97755,97758,97764,97766,97770,97795,97797,97864,97873,97875,97881,97886,97890,97893,97897,97904,97908,97913,97915,97932,97938],[10,96785,96787,96788,11914],{"id":96786},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[28,96789,96790],{},"add()",[14,96792,96793,96796],{},[28,96794,96795],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96798,96799],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[72,96801,75],{"id":74},[21,96803,96805],{"className":23,"code":96804,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,96806,96807,96827,96841],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96808,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96810,85],{"class":37},[31,96812,89],{"class":88},[31,96814,11082],{"class":41},[31,96816,146],{"class":95},[31,96818,99],{"class":41},[31,96820,3571],{"class":95},[31,96822,99],{"class":41},[31,96824,3027],{"class":95},[31,96826,9900],{"class":41},[31,96828,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,96830,141],{"class":37},[31,96832,70],{"class":41},[31,96834,82690],{"class":140},[31,96836,137],{"class":41},[31,96838,151],{"class":95},[31,96840,120],{"class":41},[31,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,96844,134],{"class":133},[31,96846,137],{"class":41},[31,96848,141],{"class":140},[31,96850,120],{"class":41},[14,96852,96853],{},[67,96854,358],{},[21,96856,96858],{"className":23,"code":96857,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,96859,96860],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96861,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876,96878],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96863,9869],{"class":41},[31,96865,146],{"class":95},[31,96867,99],{"class":41},[31,96869,3571],{"class":95},[31,96871,99],{"class":41},[31,96873,3027],{"class":95},[31,96875,99],{"class":41},[31,96877,3033],{"class":95},[31,96879,9900],{"class":41},[14,96881,2668,96882,96884],{},[28,96883,96790],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[72,96886,4255,96888,4258],{"id":96887},"what-setadd-does",[28,96889,96795],{},[14,96891,96892,96894],{},[28,96893,96795],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[228,96896,96897,96900,96903,96906],{},[231,96898,96899],{},"Adds one item to a set",[231,96901,96902],{},"Changes the original set in place",[231,96904,96905],{},"Does not return a new set",[231,96907,96908],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96910,96911,96912,3456,96916,70],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[264,96913,96915],{"href":96914},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[264,96917,96919],{"href":96918},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[72,96921,2733],{"id":2732},[21,96923,96925],{"className":23,"code":96924,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.add(item)\n",[28,96926,96927],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96928,96929,96931,96933,96935,96937,96939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96930,16264],{"class":37},[31,96932,70],{"class":41},[31,96934,82690],{"class":140},[31,96936,137],{"class":41},[31,96938,23910],{"class":140},[31,96940,120],{"class":41},[14,96942,12051],{},[228,96944,96945,96950,96953],{},[231,96946,56518,96947,96949],{},[28,96948,96790],{}," on an existing set",[231,96951,96952],{},"Pass exactly one item",[231,96954,96955,96956],{},"The item must be ",[67,96957,96958],{},"hashable",[14,96960,96961],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[228,96963,96964,96966,96968,96971],{},[231,96965,57071],{},[231,96967,57074],{},[231,96969,96970],{},"Tuples",[231,96972,41200],{},[72,96974,12068],{"id":12067},[14,96976,12071],{},[21,96978,96980],{"className":23,"code":96979,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[28,96981,96982,97006,97024,97028],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000,97002,97004],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,96985,13672],{"class":37},[31,96987,89],{"class":88},[31,96989,11082],{"class":41},[31,96991,260],{"class":259},[31,96993,13689],{"class":263},[31,96995,260],{"class":259},[31,96997,99],{"class":41},[31,96999,271],{"class":259},[31,97001,13706],{"class":263},[31,97003,260],{"class":259},[31,97005,9900],{"class":41},[31,97007,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97009,18101],{"class":37},[31,97011,70],{"class":41},[31,97013,82690],{"class":140},[31,97015,137],{"class":41},[31,97017,260],{"class":259},[31,97019,18054],{"class":263},[31,97021,260],{"class":259},[31,97023,120],{"class":41},[31,97025,97026],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97027,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97029,97030,97032,97034,97036],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97031,134],{"class":133},[31,97033,137],{"class":41},[31,97035,18101],{"class":140},[31,97037,120],{"class":41},[14,97039,97040],{},[67,97041,30632],{},[21,97043,97045],{"className":23,"code":97044,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[28,97046,97047],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97048,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97050,9869],{"class":41},[31,97052,370],{"class":259},[31,97054,13689],{"class":263},[31,97056,370],{"class":259},[31,97058,99],{"class":41},[31,97060,379],{"class":259},[31,97062,18054],{"class":263},[31,97064,370],{"class":259},[31,97066,99],{"class":41},[31,97068,379],{"class":259},[31,97070,13706],{"class":263},[31,97072,370],{"class":259},[31,97074,9900],{"class":41},[14,97076,97077,97078,97081],{},"The new value ",[28,97079,97080],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,97083,97084,97085,97088],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[67,97086,97087],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,97090,97091],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[21,97093,97095],{"className":23,"code":97094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[28,97096,97097],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97098,97099,97101,97103,97105,97107,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117,97119,97121,97123],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97100,9869],{"class":41},[31,97102,370],{"class":259},[31,97104,13706],{"class":263},[31,97106,370],{"class":259},[31,97108,99],{"class":41},[31,97110,379],{"class":259},[31,97112,13689],{"class":263},[31,97114,370],{"class":259},[31,97116,99],{"class":41},[31,97118,379],{"class":259},[31,97120,18054],{"class":263},[31,97122,370],{"class":259},[31,97124,9900],{"class":41},[14,97126,97127],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[72,97129,97131],{"id":97130},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,97133,97134],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[21,97136,97138],{"className":23,"code":97137,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,97139,97140,97160,97174,97178],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97141,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97143,85],{"class":37},[31,97145,89],{"class":88},[31,97147,11082],{"class":41},[31,97149,146],{"class":95},[31,97151,99],{"class":41},[31,97153,3571],{"class":95},[31,97155,99],{"class":41},[31,97157,3027],{"class":95},[31,97159,9900],{"class":41},[31,97161,97162,97164,97166,97168,97170,97172],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97163,141],{"class":37},[31,97165,70],{"class":41},[31,97167,82690],{"class":140},[31,97169,137],{"class":41},[31,97171,193],{"class":95},[31,97173,120],{"class":41},[31,97175,97176],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97177,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97179,97180,97182,97184,97186],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97181,134],{"class":133},[31,97183,137],{"class":41},[31,97185,141],{"class":140},[31,97187,120],{"class":41},[14,97189,97190],{},[67,97191,358],{},[21,97193,97195],{"className":23,"code":97194,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[28,97196,97197],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97198,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97200,9869],{"class":41},[31,97202,146],{"class":95},[31,97204,99],{"class":41},[31,97206,3571],{"class":95},[31,97208,99],{"class":41},[31,97210,3027],{"class":95},[31,97212,9900],{"class":41},[14,97214,97215,97216,97218],{},"The set stays the same because ",[28,97217,193],{}," was already present.",[72,97220,97222,11177,97224],{"id":97221},"add-vs-update",[28,97223,96790],{},[28,97225,15552],{},[14,97227,2668,97228,97230,97231,70],{},[28,97229,96790],{}," when you want to add ",[67,97232,53265],{},[21,97234,97236],{"className":23,"code":97235,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[28,97237,97238,97262,97280,97284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97239,97240,97242,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97241,252],{"class":37},[31,97243,89],{"class":88},[31,97245,11082],{"class":41},[31,97247,260],{"class":259},[31,97249,264],{"class":263},[31,97251,260],{"class":259},[31,97253,99],{"class":41},[31,97255,271],{"class":259},[31,97257,274],{"class":263},[31,97259,260],{"class":259},[31,97261,9900],{"class":41},[31,97263,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97265,353],{"class":37},[31,97267,70],{"class":41},[31,97269,82690],{"class":140},[31,97271,137],{"class":41},[31,97273,260],{"class":259},[31,97275,283],{"class":263},[31,97277,260],{"class":259},[31,97279,120],{"class":41},[31,97281,97282],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97283,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97285,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97287,134],{"class":133},[31,97289,137],{"class":41},[31,97291,353],{"class":140},[31,97293,120],{"class":41},[14,97295,2668,97296,97230,97298,97301],{},[28,97297,15552],{},[67,97299,97300],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[21,97303,97305],{"className":23,"code":97304,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[28,97306,97307,97331,97365,97369],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97308,97309,97311,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97310,252],{"class":37},[31,97312,89],{"class":88},[31,97314,11082],{"class":41},[31,97316,260],{"class":259},[31,97318,264],{"class":263},[31,97320,260],{"class":259},[31,97322,99],{"class":41},[31,97324,271],{"class":259},[31,97326,274],{"class":263},[31,97328,260],{"class":259},[31,97330,9900],{"class":41},[31,97332,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97334,353],{"class":37},[31,97336,70],{"class":41},[31,97338,31067],{"class":140},[31,97340,3564],{"class":41},[31,97342,260],{"class":259},[31,97344,283],{"class":263},[31,97346,260],{"class":259},[31,97348,99],{"class":41},[31,97350,271],{"class":259},[31,97352,292],{"class":263},[31,97354,260],{"class":259},[31,97356,99],{"class":41},[31,97358,271],{"class":259},[31,97360,301],{"class":263},[31,97362,260],{"class":259},[31,97364,566],{"class":41},[31,97366,97367],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97368,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97370,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97372,134],{"class":133},[31,97374,137],{"class":41},[31,97376,353],{"class":140},[31,97378,120],{"class":41},[613,97380,97382],{"id":97381},"key-difference","Key difference",[228,97384,97385,97390],{},[231,97386,97387,97389],{},[28,97388,96790],{}," adds one item",[231,97391,97392,97394],{},[28,97393,15552],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,97396,97397,97398,70],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[264,97399,97401,97402,11333],{"href":97400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[28,97403,15552],{},[72,97405,18017],{"id":18016},[14,97407,97408,2972,97410,70],{},[28,97409,96795],{},[28,97411,4357],{},[14,97413,97414,97415,97417],{},"That means you should ",[67,97416,5213],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[613,97419,97421],{"id":97420},"correct","Correct",[21,97423,97425],{"className":23,"code":97424,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[28,97426,97427,97447,97461,97465],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97428,97429,97431,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443,97445],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97430,16226],{"class":37},[31,97432,89],{"class":88},[31,97434,11082],{"class":41},[31,97436,146],{"class":95},[31,97438,99],{"class":41},[31,97440,3571],{"class":95},[31,97442,99],{"class":41},[31,97444,3027],{"class":95},[31,97446,9900],{"class":41},[31,97448,97449,97451,97453,97455,97457,97459],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97450,16264],{"class":37},[31,97452,70],{"class":41},[31,97454,82690],{"class":140},[31,97456,137],{"class":41},[31,97458,151],{"class":95},[31,97460,120],{"class":41},[31,97462,97463],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97464,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97466,97467,97469,97471,97473],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97468,134],{"class":133},[31,97470,137],{"class":41},[31,97472,16264],{"class":140},[31,97474,120],{"class":41},[613,97476,97477],{"id":62377},"Wrong",[21,97479,97481],{"className":23,"code":97480,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[28,97482,97483,97503,97522,97526],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97484,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499,97501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97486,16226],{"class":37},[31,97488,89],{"class":88},[31,97490,11082],{"class":41},[31,97492,146],{"class":95},[31,97494,99],{"class":41},[31,97496,3571],{"class":95},[31,97498,99],{"class":41},[31,97500,3027],{"class":95},[31,97502,9900],{"class":41},[31,97504,97505,97507,97509,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97506,16226],{"class":37},[31,97508,89],{"class":88},[31,97510,97511],{"class":37}," my_set",[31,97513,70],{"class":41},[31,97515,82690],{"class":140},[31,97517,137],{"class":41},[31,97519,151],{"class":95},[31,97521,120],{"class":41},[31,97523,97524],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97525,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97527,97528,97530,97532,97534],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97529,134],{"class":133},[31,97531,137],{"class":41},[31,97533,16264],{"class":140},[31,97535,120],{"class":41},[14,97537,97538],{},[67,97539,358],{},[21,97541,97542],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,97543,97544],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97545,97546],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97547,12402],{"class":4432},[14,97549,97550],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[72,97552,97554],{"id":97553},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97556,97557],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[228,97559,97560,97562,97564,97566],{},[231,97561,57071],{},[231,97563,57074],{},[231,97565,96970],{},[231,97567,41200],{},[14,97569,242],{},[21,97571,97573],{"className":23,"code":97572,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[28,97574,97575,97585,97589,97603,97621,97639,97653,97657],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97576,97577,97579,97581,97583],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97578,8368],{"class":37},[31,97580,89],{"class":88},[31,97582,16231],{"class":1561},[31,97584,1772],{"class":41},[31,97586,97587],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97588,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97590,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97592,8397],{"class":37},[31,97594,70],{"class":41},[31,97596,82690],{"class":140},[31,97598,137],{"class":41},[31,97600,96],{"class":95},[31,97602,120],{"class":41},[31,97604,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617,97619],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97606,8397],{"class":37},[31,97608,70],{"class":41},[31,97610,82690],{"class":140},[31,97612,137],{"class":41},[31,97614,260],{"class":259},[31,97616,4425],{"class":263},[31,97618,260],{"class":259},[31,97620,120],{"class":41},[31,97622,97623,97625,97627,97629,97631,97633,97635,97637],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,97624,8397],{"class":37},[31,97626,70],{"class":41},[31,97628,82690],{"class":140},[31,97630,6095],{"class":41},[31,97632,146],{"class":95},[31,97634,99],{"class":41},[31,97636,3571],{"class":95},[31,97638,1569],{"class":41},[31,97640,97641,97643,97645,97647,97649,97651],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,97642,8397],{"class":37},[31,97644,70],{"class":41},[31,97646,82690],{"class":140},[31,97648,137],{"class":41},[31,97650,4181],{"class":4432},[31,97652,120],{"class":41},[31,97654,97655],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,97656,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,97658,97659,97661,97663,97665],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,97660,134],{"class":133},[31,97662,137],{"class":41},[31,97664,8397],{"class":140},[31,97666,120],{"class":41},[14,97668,97669],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[228,97671,97672,97675,97678],{},[231,97673,97674],{},"Lists",[231,97676,97677],{},"Dictionaries",[231,97679,97680],{},"Sets",[14,97682,97683],{},"Example that causes an error:",[21,97685,97687],{"className":23,"code":97686,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[28,97688,97689,97709],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97692,8368],{"class":37},[31,97694,89],{"class":88},[31,97696,11082],{"class":41},[31,97698,146],{"class":95},[31,97700,99],{"class":41},[31,97702,3571],{"class":95},[31,97704,99],{"class":41},[31,97706,3027],{"class":95},[31,97708,9900],{"class":41},[31,97710,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97712,8397],{"class":37},[31,97714,70],{"class":41},[31,97716,82690],{"class":140},[31,97718,3564],{"class":41},[31,97720,151],{"class":95},[31,97722,99],{"class":41},[31,97724,5187],{"class":95},[31,97726,566],{"class":41},[14,97728,97729],{},[67,97730,30283],{},[21,97732,97734],{"className":23,"code":97733,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[28,97735,97736],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97737,97738,97740,97742,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97739,3583],{"class":1561},[31,97741,48],{"class":41},[31,97743,97744],{"class":37}," unhashable ",[31,97746,1562],{"class":1561},[31,97748,48],{"class":41},[31,97750,379],{"class":259},[31,97752,8682],{"class":263},[31,97754,30302],{"class":259},[14,97756,97757],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97759,97760,97761,70],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[28,97762,97763],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[72,97765,3407],{"id":3406},[14,97767,15331,97768,48],{},[28,97769,96795],{},[228,97771,97772,97777,97782,97785,97792],{},[231,97773,9007,97774,97776],{},[28,97775,96790],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[231,97778,9043,97779,97781],{},[28,97780,96790],{}," to return the updated set",[231,97783,97784],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[231,97786,37808,97787,97789,97790],{},[28,97788,96795],{}," with list ",[28,97791,53261],{},[231,97793,97794],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97796,72111],{},[21,97798,97800],{"className":23,"code":97799,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[28,97801,97802,97812,97826,97836,97850],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,97803,97804,97806,97808,97810],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,97805,134],{"class":133},[31,97807,137],{"class":41},[31,97809,16264],{"class":140},[31,97811,120],{"class":41},[31,97813,97814,97816,97818,97820,97822,97824],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,97815,134],{"class":133},[31,97817,137],{"class":41},[31,97819,1562],{"class":1561},[31,97821,137],{"class":41},[31,97823,16264],{"class":140},[31,97825,1569],{"class":41},[31,97827,97828,97830,97832,97834],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,97829,134],{"class":133},[31,97831,137],{"class":41},[31,97833,3049],{"class":140},[31,97835,120],{"class":41},[31,97837,97838,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,97839,134],{"class":133},[31,97841,137],{"class":41},[31,97843,1562],{"class":1561},[31,97845,137],{"class":41},[31,97847,3049],{"class":140},[31,97849,1569],{"class":41},[31,97851,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,97853,32756],{"class":133},[31,97855,137],{"class":41},[31,97857,6871],{"class":1561},[31,97859,70],{"class":41},[31,97861,82690],{"class":25350},[31,97863,120],{"class":41},[14,97865,97866,97867,97869,97870,70],{},"Also remember that ",[28,97868,96795],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[264,97871,53658],{"href":97872},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[72,97874,2435],{"id":2434},[613,97876,13299,97878,97880],{"id":97877},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[28,97879,96795],{}," return a new set?",[14,97882,97883,97884,70],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[28,97885,4357],{},[613,97887,97889],{"id":97888},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97891,97892],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[613,97894,97896],{"id":97895},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97898,2668,97899,11685,97902,70],{},[28,97900,97901],{},"set.update()",[28,97903,96790],{},[613,97905,97907],{"id":97906},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97909,97910,97911,70],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[28,97912,3583],{},[72,97914,2475],{"id":2474},[228,97916,97917,97921,97926],{},[231,97918,97919],{},[264,97920,96915],{"href":96914},[231,97922,97923],{},[264,97924,97925],{"href":96918},"How to create a set in Python",[231,97927,97928],{},[264,97929,97401,97930,11333],{"href":97400},[28,97931,15552],{},[14,97933,97934,97935,97937],{},"Once you understand ",[28,97936,96790],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2499,97939,97940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":97942},[97943,97944,97946,97947,97948,97949,97953,97957,97958,97959,97966],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":96887,"depth":123,"text":97945},"What set.add() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":97130,"depth":123,"text":97131},{"id":97221,"depth":123,"text":97950,"children":97951},"add() vs update()",[97952],{"id":97381,"depth":130,"text":97382},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017,"children":97954},[97955,97956],{"id":97420,"depth":130,"text":97421},{"id":62377,"depth":130,"text":97477},{"id":97553,"depth":123,"text":97554},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":97960},[97961,97963,97964,97965],{"id":97877,"depth":130,"text":97962},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97888,"depth":130,"text":97889},{"id":97895,"depth":130,"text":97896},{"id":97906,"depth":130,"text":97907},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96781,"description":97967},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97974,"title":97975,"body":97976,"description":99145,"extension":2542,"meta":99146,"navigation":126,"path":99147,"seo":99148,"stem":99149,"__hash__":99150},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97977,"toc":99112},[97978,97983,97989,97996,98041,98043,98054,98059,98064,98068,98082,98087,98089,98091,98106,98108,98122,98124,98126,98191,98193,98203,98205,98223,98229,98236,98241,98315,98317,98334,98340,98345,98416,98418,98445,98462,98465,98471,98473,98480,98484,98551,98553,98568,98571,98624,98626,98634,98646,98648,98652,98657,98659,98708,98710,98718,98720,98765,98767,98777,98783,98791,98804,98810,98812,98841,98843,98861,98865,98868,98899,98901,98919,98923,98998,99000,99016,99023,99025,99030,99035,99041,99044,99048,99056,99063,99071,99073,99109],[10,97979,96787,97981,11914],{"id":97980},"python-set-clear-method",[28,97982,11913],{},[14,97984,97985,97988],{},[28,97986,97987],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97990,97991,97992,97995],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[67,97993,97994],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[21,97997,97999],{"className":23,"code":97998,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,98000,98001,98021,98031],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98002,98003,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98004,85],{"class":37},[31,98006,89],{"class":88},[31,98008,11082],{"class":41},[31,98010,146],{"class":95},[31,98012,99],{"class":41},[31,98014,3571],{"class":95},[31,98016,99],{"class":41},[31,98018,3027],{"class":95},[31,98020,9900],{"class":41},[31,98022,98023,98025,98027,98029],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98024,141],{"class":37},[31,98026,70],{"class":41},[31,98028,11975],{"class":140},[31,98030,1772],{"class":41},[31,98032,98033,98035,98037,98039],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98034,134],{"class":133},[31,98036,137],{"class":41},[31,98038,141],{"class":140},[31,98040,120],{"class":41},[14,98042,358],{},[21,98044,98046],{"className":23,"code":98045,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set()\n",[28,98047,98048],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98049,98050,98052],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98051,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98053,1772],{"class":41},[14,98055,98056,98058],{},[28,98057,11913],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[72,98060,4255,98062,4258],{"id":98061},"what-setclear-does",[28,98063,97987],{},[14,98065,62,98066,12005],{},[28,98067,11913],{},[228,98069,98070,98073,98075,98079],{},[231,98071,98072],{},"Removes every item from a set",[231,98074,96902],{},[231,98076,12016,98077],{},[28,98078,4357],{},[231,98080,98081],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,98083,96911,98084,72210],{},[264,98085,96915],{"href":98086},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[72,98088,2733],{"id":2732},[14,98090,55056],{},[21,98092,98094],{"className":23,"code":98093,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.clear()\n",[28,98095,98096],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98097,98098,98100,98102,98104],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98099,16264],{"class":37},[31,98101,70],{"class":41},[31,98103,11975],{"class":140},[31,98105,1772],{"class":41},[14,98107,13648],{},[228,98109,98110,98113,98116,98119],{},[231,98111,98112],{},"It takes no arguments",[231,98114,98115],{},"It empties the set",[231,98117,98118],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[231,98120,98121],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[72,98123,12068],{"id":12067},[14,98125,12071],{},[21,98127,98129],{"className":23,"code":98128,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[28,98130,98131,98163,98167,98177,98181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98132,98133,98135,98137,98139,98141,98143,98145,98147,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98134,13672],{"class":37},[31,98136,89],{"class":88},[31,98138,11082],{"class":41},[31,98140,260],{"class":259},[31,98142,13689],{"class":263},[31,98144,260],{"class":259},[31,98146,99],{"class":41},[31,98148,271],{"class":259},[31,98150,18054],{"class":263},[31,98152,260],{"class":259},[31,98154,99],{"class":41},[31,98156,271],{"class":259},[31,98158,13706],{"class":263},[31,98160,260],{"class":259},[31,98162,9900],{"class":41},[31,98164,98165],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98166,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98168,98169,98171,98173,98175],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98170,18101],{"class":37},[31,98172,70],{"class":41},[31,98174,11975],{"class":140},[31,98176,1772],{"class":41},[31,98178,98179],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,98180,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,98184,134],{"class":133},[31,98186,137],{"class":41},[31,98188,18101],{"class":140},[31,98190,120],{"class":41},[14,98192,358],{},[21,98194,98195],{"className":23,"code":98045,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,98196,98197],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98198,98199,98201],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98200,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98202,1772],{"class":41},[14,98204,12277],{},[228,98206,98207,98212,98217],{},[231,98208,98209,98211],{},[28,98210,18101],{}," starts with three values",[231,98213,98214,12290],{},[28,98215,98216],{},"colors.clear()",[231,98218,98219,98220,98222],{},"Printing the set shows ",[28,98221,4376],{},", which means an empty set",[72,98224,98226,98228],{"id":98225},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[28,98227,11913],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,98230,98231,4975,98233,98235],{},[28,98232,11913],{},[28,98234,4376],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[613,98237,9007,98239],{"id":98238},"using-clear",[28,98240,11913],{},[21,98242,98244],{"className":23,"code":98243,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[28,98245,98246,98266,98276,98280,98290,98294,98304],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98247,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98249,8368],{"class":37},[31,98251,89],{"class":88},[31,98253,11082],{"class":41},[31,98255,146],{"class":95},[31,98257,99],{"class":41},[31,98259,3571],{"class":95},[31,98261,99],{"class":41},[31,98263,3027],{"class":95},[31,98265,9900],{"class":41},[31,98267,98268,98271,98273],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98269,98270],{"class":37},"other_name ",[31,98272,89],{"class":88},[31,98274,98275],{"class":37}," items\n",[31,98277,98278],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98279,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98281,98282,98284,98286,98288],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,98283,8397],{"class":37},[31,98285,70],{"class":41},[31,98287,11975],{"class":140},[31,98289,1772],{"class":41},[31,98291,98292],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,98293,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98295,98296,98298,98300,98302],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,98297,134],{"class":133},[31,98299,137],{"class":41},[31,98301,8397],{"class":140},[31,98303,120],{"class":41},[31,98305,98306,98308,98310,98313],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,98307,134],{"class":133},[31,98309,137],{"class":41},[31,98311,98312],{"class":140},"other_name",[31,98314,120],{"class":41},[14,98316,358],{},[21,98318,98320],{"className":23,"code":98319,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set()\nset()\n",[28,98321,98322,98328],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98323,98324,98326],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98325,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98327,1772],{"class":41},[31,98329,98330,98332],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98331,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98333,1772],{"class":41},[14,98335,98336,98337,70],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[67,98338,98339],{},"same set object",[613,98341,9007,98343],{"id":98342},"using-set",[28,98344,4376],{},[21,98346,98348],{"className":23,"code":98347,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[28,98349,98350,98370,98378,98382,98392,98396,98406],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98351,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98353,8368],{"class":37},[31,98355,89],{"class":88},[31,98357,11082],{"class":41},[31,98359,146],{"class":95},[31,98361,99],{"class":41},[31,98363,3571],{"class":95},[31,98365,99],{"class":41},[31,98367,3027],{"class":95},[31,98369,9900],{"class":41},[31,98371,98372,98374,98376],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98373,98270],{"class":37},[31,98375,89],{"class":88},[31,98377,98275],{"class":37},[31,98379,98380],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98381,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98383,98384,98386,98388,98390],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,98385,8368],{"class":37},[31,98387,89],{"class":88},[31,98389,16231],{"class":1561},[31,98391,1772],{"class":41},[31,98393,98394],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,98395,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98397,98398,98400,98402,98404],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,98399,134],{"class":133},[31,98401,137],{"class":41},[31,98403,8397],{"class":140},[31,98405,120],{"class":41},[31,98407,98408,98410,98412,98414],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,98409,134],{"class":133},[31,98411,137],{"class":41},[31,98413,98312],{"class":140},[31,98415,120],{"class":41},[14,98417,358],{},[21,98419,98421],{"className":23,"code":98420,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[28,98422,98423,98429],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98424,98425,98427],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98426,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98428,1772],{"class":41},[31,98430,98431,98433,98435,98437,98439,98441,98443],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98432,9869],{"class":41},[31,98434,146],{"class":95},[31,98436,99],{"class":41},[31,98438,3571],{"class":95},[31,98440,99],{"class":41},[31,98442,3027],{"class":95},[31,98444,9900],{"class":41},[14,98446,21369,98447,93679,98450,98453,98454,70,98456,98458,98459,98461],{},[28,98448,98449],{},"items = set()",[67,98451,98452],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[28,98455,8397],{},[10437,98457],{},"\nBut ",[28,98460,98312],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,98463,98464],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,98466,98467,98468,70],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[264,98469,96919],{"href":98470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[72,98472,18017],{"id":18016},[14,98474,98475,14651,98477,98479],{},[28,98476,11913],{},[67,98478,5213],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,98481,5730,98482,70],{},[28,98483,4357],{},[21,98485,98487],{"className":23,"code":98486,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,98488,98489,98509,98513,98527,98531,98541],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98490,98491,98493,98495,98497,98499,98501,98503,98505,98507],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98492,85],{"class":37},[31,98494,89],{"class":88},[31,98496,11082],{"class":41},[31,98498,146],{"class":95},[31,98500,99],{"class":41},[31,98502,3571],{"class":95},[31,98504,99],{"class":41},[31,98506,3027],{"class":95},[31,98508,9900],{"class":41},[31,98510,98511],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98512,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98514,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98516,1522],{"class":37},[31,98518,89],{"class":88},[31,98520,1527],{"class":37},[31,98522,70],{"class":41},[31,98524,11975],{"class":140},[31,98526,1772],{"class":41},[31,98528,98529],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,98530,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98532,98533,98535,98537,98539],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,98534,134],{"class":133},[31,98536,137],{"class":41},[31,98538,1550],{"class":140},[31,98540,120],{"class":41},[31,98542,98543,98545,98547,98549],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,98544,134],{"class":133},[31,98546,137],{"class":41},[31,98548,141],{"class":140},[31,98550,120],{"class":41},[14,98552,358],{},[21,98554,98556],{"className":23,"code":98555,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"None\nset()\n",[28,98557,98558,98562],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98559,98560],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98561,12402],{"class":4432},[31,98563,98564,98566],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98565,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98567,1772],{"class":41},[14,98569,98570],{},"Do not do this:",[21,98572,98574],{"className":23,"code":98573,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,98575,98576,98596,98610,98614],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98577,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98579,85],{"class":37},[31,98581,89],{"class":88},[31,98583,11082],{"class":41},[31,98585,146],{"class":95},[31,98587,99],{"class":41},[31,98589,3571],{"class":95},[31,98591,99],{"class":41},[31,98593,3027],{"class":95},[31,98595,9900],{"class":41},[31,98597,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98599,85],{"class":37},[31,98601,89],{"class":88},[31,98603,1527],{"class":37},[31,98605,70],{"class":41},[31,98607,11975],{"class":140},[31,98609,1772],{"class":41},[31,98611,98612],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98613,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,98617,134],{"class":133},[31,98619,137],{"class":41},[31,98621,141],{"class":140},[31,98623,120],{"class":41},[14,98625,358],{},[21,98627,98628],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,98629,98630],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98631,98632],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98633,12402],{"class":4432},[14,98635,22788,98636,2972,98638,98640,98641,98643,98644,70],{},[28,98637,55169],{},[28,98639,4357],{},", and then you assign that ",[28,98642,4357],{}," back to ",[28,98645,141],{},[72,98647,5101],{"id":5100},[14,98649,11340,98650,70],{},[28,98651,97987],{},[613,98653,13189,98655],{"id":98654},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[28,98656,11913],{},[14,98658,17241],{},[21,98660,98662],{"className":23,"code":98661,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[28,98663,98664,98684,98698],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98665,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98667,16226],{"class":37},[31,98669,89],{"class":88},[31,98671,11082],{"class":41},[31,98673,146],{"class":95},[31,98675,99],{"class":41},[31,98677,3571],{"class":95},[31,98679,99],{"class":41},[31,98681,3027],{"class":95},[31,98683,9900],{"class":41},[31,98685,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98687,16226],{"class":37},[31,98689,89],{"class":88},[31,98691,97511],{"class":37},[31,98693,70],{"class":41},[31,98695,11975],{"class":140},[31,98697,1772],{"class":41},[31,98699,98700,98702,98704,98706],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98701,134],{"class":133},[31,98703,137],{"class":41},[31,98705,16264],{"class":140},[31,98707,120],{"class":41},[14,98709,358],{},[21,98711,98712],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,98713,98714],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98715,98716],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98717,12402],{"class":4432},[14,98719,17253],{},[21,98721,98723],{"className":23,"code":98722,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[28,98724,98725,98745,98755],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98728,16226],{"class":37},[31,98730,89],{"class":88},[31,98732,11082],{"class":41},[31,98734,146],{"class":95},[31,98736,99],{"class":41},[31,98738,3571],{"class":95},[31,98740,99],{"class":41},[31,98742,3027],{"class":95},[31,98744,9900],{"class":41},[31,98746,98747,98749,98751,98753],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98748,16264],{"class":37},[31,98750,70],{"class":41},[31,98752,11975],{"class":140},[31,98754,1772],{"class":41},[31,98756,98757,98759,98761,98763],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98758,134],{"class":133},[31,98760,137],{"class":41},[31,98762,16264],{"class":140},[31,98764,120],{"class":41},[14,98766,358],{},[21,98768,98769],{"className":23,"code":98045,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,98770,98771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98772,98773,98775],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98774,6871],{"class":1561},[31,98776,1772],{"class":41},[613,98778,9043,98780,98782],{"id":98779},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[28,98781,11913],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98784,98785,98787,98788,98790],{},[28,98786,11913],{}," removes ",[67,98789,4294],{}," items from the set.",[14,98792,98793,98794,3456,98799,70],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[264,98795,98797],{"href":98796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[28,98798,56138],{},[264,98800,98802],{"href":98801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[28,98803,13358],{},[613,98805,9007,98807,98809],{"id":98806},"using-for-an-empty-set",[28,98808,4371],{}," for an empty set",[14,98811,26291],{},[21,98813,98815],{"className":23,"code":98814,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[28,98816,98817,98826],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98818,98819,98822,98824],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98820,98821],{"class":37},"empty_value ",[31,98823,89],{"class":88},[31,98825,10429],{"class":41},[31,98827,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98839],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98829,134],{"class":133},[31,98831,137],{"class":41},[31,98833,1562],{"class":1561},[31,98835,137],{"class":41},[31,98837,98838],{"class":140},"empty_value",[31,98840,1569],{"class":41},[14,98842,358],{},[21,98844,98845],{"className":23,"code":9399,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,98846,98847],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98848,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98850,1593],{"class":88},[31,98852,1597],{"class":1596},[31,98854,379],{"class":259},[31,98856,9412],{"class":263},[31,98858,370],{"class":259},[31,98860,1606],{"class":88},[14,98862,98863,9379],{},[28,98864,4371],{},[14,98866,98867],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[21,98869,98871],{"className":23,"code":98870,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[28,98872,98873,98884],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98874,98875,98878,98880,98882],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98876,98877],{"class":37},"empty_set ",[31,98879,89],{"class":88},[31,98881,16231],{"class":1561},[31,98883,1772],{"class":41},[31,98885,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98897],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98887,134],{"class":133},[31,98889,137],{"class":41},[31,98891,1562],{"class":1561},[31,98893,137],{"class":41},[31,98895,98896],{"class":140},"empty_set",[31,98898,1569],{"class":41},[14,98900,358],{},[21,98902,98903],{"className":23,"code":9443,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,98904,98905],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98906,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98908,1593],{"class":88},[31,98910,1597],{"class":1596},[31,98912,379],{"class":259},[31,98914,6871],{"class":263},[31,98916,370],{"class":259},[31,98918,1606],{"class":88},[613,98920,98922],{"id":98921},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[21,98924,98926],{"className":23,"code":98925,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[28,98927,98928,98952,98960,98964,98974,98978,98988],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,98929,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,98931,3130],{"class":37},[31,98933,89],{"class":88},[31,98935,11082],{"class":41},[31,98937,260],{"class":259},[31,98939,2750],{"class":263},[31,98941,260],{"class":259},[31,98943,99],{"class":41},[31,98945,271],{"class":259},[31,98947,12339],{"class":263},[31,98949,260],{"class":259},[31,98951,9900],{"class":41},[31,98953,98954,98956,98958],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,98955,3158],{"class":37},[31,98957,89],{"class":88},[31,98959,36779],{"class":37},[31,98961,98962],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,98963,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,98967,264],{"class":37},[31,98969,70],{"class":41},[31,98971,11975],{"class":140},[31,98973,1772],{"class":41},[31,98975,98976],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,98977,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,98981,134],{"class":133},[31,98983,137],{"class":41},[31,98985,264],{"class":140},[31,98987,120],{"class":41},[31,98989,98990,98992,98994,98996],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,98991,134],{"class":133},[31,98993,137],{"class":41},[31,98995,274],{"class":140},[31,98997,120],{"class":41},[14,98999,358],{},[21,99001,99002],{"className":23,"code":98319,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,99003,99004,99010],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99005,99006,99008],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99007,6871],{"class":1561},[31,99009,1772],{"class":41},[31,99011,99012,99014],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99013,6871],{"class":1561},[31,99015,1772],{"class":41},[14,99017,29663,99018,4975,99020,99022],{},[28,99019,264],{},[28,99021,274],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[72,99024,2435],{"id":2434},[613,99026,2453,99028,5727],{"id":99027},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[28,99029,97987],{},[14,99031,5730,99032,99034],{},[28,99033,4357],{},". It empties the set in place.",[613,99036,13299,99038,99040],{"id":99037},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[28,99039,11913],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,99042,99043],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[613,99045,99047],{"id":99046},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,99049,99050,99051,99053,99054,70],{},"You already have one after ",[28,99052,11913],{},". Printing it shows ",[28,99055,4376],{},[613,99057,5762,99059,4975,99061,2466],{"id":99058},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[28,99060,11913],{},[28,99062,4376],{},[14,99064,99065,99067,99068,99070],{},[28,99066,11913],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[28,99069,4376],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[72,99072,2475],{"id":2474},[228,99074,99075,99079,99083,99090,99096,99102],{},[231,99076,99077],{},[264,99078,96915],{"href":98086},[231,99080,99081],{},[264,99082,97925],{"href":98470},[231,99084,99085],{},[264,99086,97401,99088,11333],{"href":99087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[28,99089,96790],{},[231,99091,99092],{},[264,99093,97401,99094,11333],{"href":98796},[28,99095,56138],{},[231,99097,99098],{},[264,99099,97401,99100,11333],{"href":98801},[28,99101,13358],{},[231,99103,99104],{},[264,99105,97401,99107,11333],{"href":99106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[28,99108,15552],{},[2499,99110,99111],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":99113},[99114,99116,99117,99118,99125,99126,99135,99144],{"id":98061,"depth":123,"text":99115},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":98225,"depth":123,"text":99119,"children":99120},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99121,99123],{"id":98238,"depth":130,"text":99122},"Using clear()",{"id":98342,"depth":130,"text":99124},"Using set()",{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":99127},[99128,99130,99132,99134],{"id":98654,"depth":130,"text":99129},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98779,"depth":130,"text":99131},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98806,"depth":130,"text":99133},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98921,"depth":130,"text":98922},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":99136},[99137,99139,99141,99142],{"id":99027,"depth":130,"text":99138},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":99037,"depth":130,"text":99140},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":99046,"depth":130,"text":99047},{"id":99058,"depth":130,"text":99143},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97975,"description":99145},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99152,"title":99153,"body":99154,"description":100986,"extension":2542,"meta":100987,"navigation":126,"path":96918,"seo":100988,"stem":100989,"__hash__":100990},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99155,"toc":100943},[99156,99159,99162,99165,99167,99270,99274,99321,99327,99329,99348,99352,99355,99357,99371,99380,99384,99387,99422,99426,99446,99449,99453,99456,99517,99521,99546,99553,99559,99564,99566,99578,99582,99631,99635,99659,99666,99670,99711,99715,99736,99740,99773,99777,99818,99821,99825,99830,99869,99873,99898,99903,99909,99946,99950,99973,99977,99979,99982,99985,100062,100066,100103,100106,100110,100116,100119,100129,100178,100184,100190,100217,100220,100242,100244,100275,100278,100282,100286,100325,100329,100392,100395,100428,100432,100457,100459,100462,100468,100471,100498,100501,100519,100523,100527,100530,100573,100576,100580,100583,100586,100616,100619,100623,100626,100641,100646,100650,100653,100742,100744,100747,100837,100840,100858,100860,100864,100874,100878,100886,100890,100893,100897,100900,100904,100907,100909,100937,100940],[10,99157,99153],{"id":99158},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,99160,99161],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,99163,99164],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[72,99166,4186],{"id":4185},[21,99168,99170],{"className":23,"code":99169,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[28,99171,99172,99192,99226,99236,99240,99250,99260],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99173,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99175,85],{"class":37},[31,99177,89],{"class":88},[31,99179,11082],{"class":41},[31,99181,146],{"class":95},[31,99183,99],{"class":41},[31,99185,3571],{"class":95},[31,99187,99],{"class":41},[31,99189,3027],{"class":95},[31,99191,9900],{"class":41},[31,99193,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99195,4651],{"class":37},[31,99197,89],{"class":88},[31,99199,16231],{"class":1561},[31,99201,3564],{"class":41},[31,99203,260],{"class":259},[31,99205,4660],{"class":263},[31,99207,260],{"class":259},[31,99209,99],{"class":41},[31,99211,271],{"class":259},[31,99213,4669],{"class":263},[31,99215,260],{"class":259},[31,99217,99],{"class":41},[31,99219,271],{"class":259},[31,99221,4660],{"class":263},[31,99223,260],{"class":259},[31,99225,566],{"class":41},[31,99227,99228,99230,99232,99234],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,99229,98877],{"class":37},[31,99231,89],{"class":88},[31,99233,16231],{"class":1561},[31,99235,1772],{"class":41},[31,99237,99238],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,99239,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,99241,99242,99244,99246,99248],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,99243,134],{"class":133},[31,99245,137],{"class":41},[31,99247,141],{"class":140},[31,99249,120],{"class":41},[31,99251,99252,99254,99256,99258],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,99253,134],{"class":133},[31,99255,137],{"class":41},[31,99257,4695],{"class":140},[31,99259,120],{"class":41},[31,99261,99262,99264,99266,99268],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,99263,134],{"class":133},[31,99265,137],{"class":41},[31,99267,98896],{"class":140},[31,99269,120],{"class":41},[14,99271,99272],{},[67,99273,358],{},[21,99275,99277],{"className":23,"code":99276,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[28,99278,99279,99295,99315],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99280,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99282,9869],{"class":41},[31,99284,146],{"class":95},[31,99286,99],{"class":41},[31,99288,3571],{"class":95},[31,99290,99],{"class":41},[31,99292,3027],{"class":95},[31,99294,9900],{"class":41},[31,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99298,9869],{"class":41},[31,99300,370],{"class":259},[31,99302,4669],{"class":263},[31,99304,370],{"class":259},[31,99306,99],{"class":41},[31,99308,379],{"class":259},[31,99310,4660],{"class":263},[31,99312,370],{"class":259},[31,99314,9900],{"class":41},[31,99316,99317,99319],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,99318,6871],{"class":1561},[31,99320,1772],{"class":41},[14,99322,99323,99324,99326],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[28,99325,4376],{}," for an empty set.",[72,99328,15761],{"id":15760},[228,99330,99331,99334,99339,99342,99345],{},[231,99332,99333],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[231,99335,99336,99337],{},"How to create a set with ",[28,99338,4376],{},[231,99340,99341],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[231,99343,99344],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[231,99346,99347],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[72,99349,99351],{"id":99350},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,99353,99354],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,99356,31143],{},[228,99358,99359,99362,99365,99368],{},[231,99360,99361],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[231,99363,99364],{},"Sets are unordered",[231,99366,99367],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[231,99369,99370],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,99372,99373,99374,3456,99376,70],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[264,99375,96915],{"href":98086},[264,99377,99379],{"href":99378},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[72,99381,99383],{"id":99382},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,99385,99386],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[21,99388,99390],{"className":23,"code":99389,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,99391,99392,99412],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99393,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99395,85],{"class":37},[31,99397,89],{"class":88},[31,99399,11082],{"class":41},[31,99401,146],{"class":95},[31,99403,99],{"class":41},[31,99405,3571],{"class":95},[31,99407,99],{"class":41},[31,99409,3027],{"class":95},[31,99411,9900],{"class":41},[31,99413,99414,99416,99418,99420],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99415,134],{"class":133},[31,99417,137],{"class":41},[31,99419,141],{"class":140},[31,99421,120],{"class":41},[14,99423,99424],{},[67,99425,30632],{},[21,99427,99428],{"className":23,"code":97194,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,99429,99430],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99433,9869],{"class":41},[31,99435,146],{"class":95},[31,99437,99],{"class":41},[31,99439,3571],{"class":95},[31,99441,99],{"class":41},[31,99443,3027],{"class":95},[31,99445,9900],{"class":41},[14,99447,99448],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[613,99450,99452],{"id":99451},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,99454,99455],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[21,99457,99459],{"className":23,"code":99458,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[28,99460,99461,99493,99503],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99462,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99464,85],{"class":37},[31,99466,89],{"class":88},[31,99468,11082],{"class":41},[31,99470,146],{"class":95},[31,99472,99],{"class":41},[31,99474,3571],{"class":95},[31,99476,99],{"class":41},[31,99478,3571],{"class":95},[31,99480,99],{"class":41},[31,99482,3027],{"class":95},[31,99484,99],{"class":41},[31,99486,3027],{"class":95},[31,99488,99],{"class":41},[31,99490,3027],{"class":95},[31,99492,9900],{"class":41},[31,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99496,134],{"class":133},[31,99498,137],{"class":41},[31,99500,141],{"class":140},[31,99502,120],{"class":41},[31,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,99506,134],{"class":133},[31,99508,137],{"class":41},[31,99510,2408],{"class":133},[31,99512,137],{"class":41},[31,99514,141],{"class":140},[31,99516,1569],{"class":41},[14,99518,99519],{},[67,99520,30632],{},[21,99522,99524],{"className":23,"code":99523,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[28,99525,99526,99542],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99527,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99529,9869],{"class":41},[31,99531,146],{"class":95},[31,99533,99],{"class":41},[31,99535,3571],{"class":95},[31,99537,99],{"class":41},[31,99539,3027],{"class":95},[31,99541,9900],{"class":41},[31,99543,99544],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99545,47225],{"class":95},[14,99547,21576,99548,4975,99550,99552],{},[28,99549,193],{},[28,99551,173],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[72,99554,99556,99557],{"id":99555},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[28,99558,4376],{},[14,99560,2668,99561,99563],{},[28,99562,4376],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99565,6041],{},[228,99567,99568,99570,99572,99574],{},[231,99569,97674],{},[231,99571,96970],{},[231,99573,57074],{},[231,99575,99576],{},[28,99577,36802],{},[613,99579,99581],{"id":99580},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[21,99583,99585],{"className":23,"code":99584,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,99586,99587,99621],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99588,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99590,85],{"class":37},[31,99592,89],{"class":88},[31,99594,16231],{"class":1561},[31,99596,3564],{"class":41},[31,99598,146],{"class":95},[31,99600,99],{"class":41},[31,99602,3571],{"class":95},[31,99604,99],{"class":41},[31,99606,3571],{"class":95},[31,99608,99],{"class":41},[31,99610,3027],{"class":95},[31,99612,99],{"class":41},[31,99614,3027],{"class":95},[31,99616,99],{"class":41},[31,99618,3033],{"class":95},[31,99620,566],{"class":41},[31,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99624,134],{"class":133},[31,99626,137],{"class":41},[31,99628,141],{"class":140},[31,99630,120],{"class":41},[14,99632,99633],{},[67,99634,30632],{},[21,99636,99637],{"className":23,"code":96857,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,99638,99639],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99640,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99642,9869],{"class":41},[31,99644,146],{"class":95},[31,99646,99],{"class":41},[31,99648,3571],{"class":95},[31,99650,99],{"class":41},[31,99652,3027],{"class":95},[31,99654,99],{"class":41},[31,99656,3033],{"class":95},[31,99658,9900],{"class":41},[14,99660,99661,99662,70],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[264,99663,99665],{"href":99664},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[613,99667,99669],{"id":99668},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[21,99671,99673],{"className":23,"code":99672,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[28,99674,99675,99701],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99676,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99678,4402],{"class":37},[31,99680,89],{"class":88},[31,99682,16231],{"class":1561},[31,99684,6095],{"class":41},[31,99686,96],{"class":95},[31,99688,99],{"class":41},[31,99690,102],{"class":95},[31,99692,99],{"class":41},[31,99694,102],{"class":95},[31,99696,99],{"class":41},[31,99698,107],{"class":95},[31,99700,1569],{"class":41},[31,99702,99703,99705,99707,99709],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99704,134],{"class":133},[31,99706,137],{"class":41},[31,99708,5942],{"class":140},[31,99710,120],{"class":41},[14,99712,99713],{},[67,99714,30632],{},[21,99716,99718],{"className":23,"code":99717,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[28,99719,99720],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99721,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99723,9869],{"class":41},[31,99725,96],{"class":95},[31,99727,99],{"class":41},[31,99729,102],{"class":95},[31,99731,99],{"class":41},[31,99733,107],{"class":95},[31,99735,9900],{"class":41},[613,99737,99739],{"id":99738},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[21,99741,99743],{"className":23,"code":99742,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,99744,99745,99763],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99746,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99748,252],{"class":37},[31,99750,89],{"class":88},[31,99752,16231],{"class":1561},[31,99754,137],{"class":41},[31,99756,260],{"class":259},[31,99758,4425],{"class":263},[31,99760,260],{"class":259},[31,99762,120],{"class":41},[31,99764,99765,99767,99769,99771],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99766,134],{"class":133},[31,99768,137],{"class":41},[31,99770,353],{"class":140},[31,99772,120],{"class":41},[14,99774,99775],{},[67,99776,30632],{},[21,99778,99780],{"className":23,"code":99779,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[28,99781,99782],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99783,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99785,9869],{"class":41},[31,99787,370],{"class":259},[31,99789,61048],{"class":263},[31,99791,370],{"class":259},[31,99793,99],{"class":41},[31,99795,379],{"class":259},[31,99797,301],{"class":263},[31,99799,370],{"class":259},[31,99801,99],{"class":41},[31,99803,379],{"class":259},[31,99805,61065],{"class":263},[31,99807,370],{"class":259},[31,99809,99],{"class":41},[31,99811,379],{"class":259},[31,99813,61082],{"class":263},[31,99815,370],{"class":259},[31,99817,9900],{"class":41},[14,99819,99820],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[72,99822,99824],{"id":99823},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99826,99827,99828,70],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[28,99829,4376],{},[21,99831,99833],{"className":23,"code":99832,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[28,99834,99835,99845,99855],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99836,99837,99839,99841,99843],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99838,98877],{"class":37},[31,99840,89],{"class":88},[31,99842,16231],{"class":1561},[31,99844,1772],{"class":41},[31,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99848,134],{"class":133},[31,99850,137],{"class":41},[31,99852,98896],{"class":140},[31,99854,120],{"class":41},[31,99856,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,99858,134],{"class":133},[31,99860,137],{"class":41},[31,99862,1562],{"class":1561},[31,99864,137],{"class":41},[31,99866,98896],{"class":140},[31,99868,1569],{"class":41},[14,99870,99871],{},[67,99872,358],{},[21,99874,99876],{"className":23,"code":99875,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[28,99877,99878,99884],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99879,99880,99882],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99881,6871],{"class":1561},[31,99883,1772],{"class":41},[31,99885,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99887,1593],{"class":88},[31,99889,1597],{"class":1596},[31,99891,379],{"class":259},[31,99893,6871],{"class":263},[31,99895,370],{"class":259},[31,99897,1606],{"class":88},[613,99899,45036,99901],{"id":99900},"do-not-use",[28,99902,4371],{},[14,99904,99905,99906,99908],{},"Empty braces do ",[67,99907,5213],{}," create a set.",[21,99910,99912],{"className":23,"code":99911,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[28,99913,99914,99922,99932],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99915,99916,99918,99920],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99917,98821],{"class":37},[31,99919,89],{"class":88},[31,99921,10429],{"class":41},[31,99923,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99925,134],{"class":133},[31,99927,137],{"class":41},[31,99929,98838],{"class":140},[31,99931,120],{"class":41},[31,99933,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,99935,134],{"class":133},[31,99937,137],{"class":41},[31,99939,1562],{"class":1561},[31,99941,137],{"class":41},[31,99943,98838],{"class":140},[31,99945,1569],{"class":41},[14,99947,99948],{},[67,99949,358],{},[21,99951,99953],{"className":23,"code":99952,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[28,99954,99955,99959],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99956,99957],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99958,10026],{"class":41},[31,99960,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,99962,1593],{"class":88},[31,99964,1597],{"class":1596},[31,99966,379],{"class":259},[31,99968,9412],{"class":263},[31,99970,370],{"class":259},[31,99972,1606],{"class":88},[14,99974,99975,9379],{},[28,99976,4371],{},[72,99978,72874],{"id":72873},[14,99980,99981],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99983,99984],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[21,99986,99988],{"className":23,"code":99987,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[28,99989,99990,100038,100048],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,99991,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,99993,4651],{"class":37},[31,99995,89],{"class":88},[31,99997,11082],{"class":41},[31,99999,260],{"class":259},[31,100001,4660],{"class":263},[31,100003,260],{"class":259},[31,100005,99],{"class":41},[31,100007,271],{"class":259},[31,100009,4669],{"class":263},[31,100011,260],{"class":259},[31,100013,99],{"class":41},[31,100015,271],{"class":259},[31,100017,4660],{"class":263},[31,100019,260],{"class":259},[31,100021,99],{"class":41},[31,100023,271],{"class":259},[31,100025,4660],{"class":263},[31,100027,260],{"class":259},[31,100029,99],{"class":41},[31,100031,271],{"class":259},[31,100033,33825],{"class":263},[31,100035,260],{"class":259},[31,100037,9900],{"class":41},[31,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100041,134],{"class":133},[31,100043,137],{"class":41},[31,100045,4695],{"class":140},[31,100047,120],{"class":41},[31,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,100051,134],{"class":133},[31,100053,137],{"class":41},[31,100055,2408],{"class":133},[31,100057,137],{"class":41},[31,100059,4695],{"class":140},[31,100061,1569],{"class":41},[14,100063,100064],{},[67,100065,30632],{},[21,100067,100069],{"className":23,"code":100068,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[28,100070,100071,100099],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100072,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100074,9869],{"class":41},[31,100076,370],{"class":259},[31,100078,4669],{"class":263},[31,100080,370],{"class":259},[31,100082,99],{"class":41},[31,100084,379],{"class":259},[31,100086,33825],{"class":263},[31,100088,370],{"class":259},[31,100090,99],{"class":41},[31,100092,379],{"class":259},[31,100094,4660],{"class":263},[31,100096,370],{"class":259},[31,100098,9900],{"class":41},[31,100100,100101],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100102,47225],{"class":95},[14,100104,100105],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[72,100107,100109],{"id":100108},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,100111,100112,100113,100115],{},"Set items must be ",[67,100114,96958],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,100117,100118],{},"These usually work:",[228,100120,100121,100123,100125,100127],{},[231,100122,57071],{},[231,100124,57074],{},[231,100126,96970],{},[231,100128,41200],{},[21,100130,100132],{"className":23,"code":100131,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[28,100133,100134,100168],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100135,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100137,4402],{"class":37},[31,100139,89],{"class":88},[31,100141,11082],{"class":41},[31,100143,146],{"class":95},[31,100145,99],{"class":41},[31,100147,271],{"class":259},[31,100149,4660],{"class":263},[31,100151,260],{"class":259},[31,100153,99],{"class":41},[31,100155,92],{"class":41},[31,100157,96],{"class":95},[31,100159,99],{"class":41},[31,100161,102],{"class":95},[31,100163,9825],{"class":41},[31,100165,4496],{"class":4432},[31,100167,9900],{"class":41},[31,100169,100170,100172,100174,100176],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100171,134],{"class":133},[31,100173,137],{"class":41},[31,100175,5942],{"class":140},[31,100177,120],{"class":41},[14,100179,100180,100181,100183],{},"These do ",[67,100182,5213],{}," work directly:",[228,100185,100186,100188],{},[231,100187,97674],{},[231,100189,97677],{},[21,100191,100193],{"className":23,"code":100192,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[28,100194,100195],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100196,100197,100200,100202,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100198,100199],{"class":37},"bad_set ",[31,100201,89],{"class":88},[31,100203,100204],{"class":41}," {[",[31,100206,146],{"class":95},[31,100208,99],{"class":41},[31,100210,3571],{"class":95},[31,100212,99],{"class":41},[31,100214,3027],{"class":95},[31,100216,14303],{"class":41},[14,100218,100219],{},"This raises an error:",[21,100221,100222],{"className":23,"code":97733,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,100223,100224],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100225,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100227,3583],{"class":1561},[31,100229,48],{"class":41},[31,100231,97744],{"class":37},[31,100233,1562],{"class":1561},[31,100235,48],{"class":41},[31,100237,379],{"class":259},[31,100239,8682],{"class":263},[31,100241,30302],{"class":259},[14,100243,52688],{},[21,100245,100247],{"className":23,"code":100246,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[28,100248,100249],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100250,100251,100253,100255,100258,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100252,100199],{"class":37},[31,100254,89],{"class":88},[31,100256,100257],{"class":41}," {{",[31,100259,260],{"class":259},[31,100261,8256],{"class":263},[31,100263,260],{"class":259},[31,100265,48],{"class":41},[31,100267,271],{"class":259},[31,100269,8265],{"class":263},[31,100271,260],{"class":259},[31,100273,100274],{"class":41},"}}\n",[14,100276,100277],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[72,100279,100281],{"id":100280},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[613,100283,100285],{"id":100284},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[21,100287,100289],{"className":23,"code":100288,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,100290,100291,100315],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100292,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100294,85],{"class":37},[31,100296,89],{"class":88},[31,100298,11082],{"class":41},[31,100300,146],{"class":95},[31,100302,99],{"class":41},[31,100304,3571],{"class":95},[31,100306,99],{"class":41},[31,100308,3027],{"class":95},[31,100310,99],{"class":41},[31,100312,3033],{"class":95},[31,100314,9900],{"class":41},[31,100316,100317,100319,100321,100323],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100318,134],{"class":133},[31,100320,137],{"class":41},[31,100322,141],{"class":140},[31,100324,120],{"class":41},[613,100326,100328],{"id":100327},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[21,100330,100332],{"className":23,"code":100331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[28,100333,100334,100362,100377,100381],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100335,100336,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100337,8368],{"class":37},[31,100339,89],{"class":88},[31,100341,4200],{"class":41},[31,100343,146],{"class":95},[31,100345,99],{"class":41},[31,100347,6082],{"class":95},[31,100349,99],{"class":41},[31,100351,3571],{"class":95},[31,100353,99],{"class":41},[31,100355,3027],{"class":95},[31,100357,99],{"class":41},[31,100359,3027],{"class":95},[31,100361,59],{"class":41},[31,100363,100364,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100365,100366],{"class":37},"unique_items ",[31,100368,89],{"class":88},[31,100370,16231],{"class":1561},[31,100372,137],{"class":41},[31,100374,8397],{"class":140},[31,100376,120],{"class":41},[31,100378,100379],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,100380,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,100382,100383,100385,100387,100390],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,100384,134],{"class":133},[31,100386,137],{"class":41},[31,100388,100389],{"class":140},"unique_items",[31,100391,120],{"class":41},[613,100393,99739],{"id":100394},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[21,100396,100398],{"className":23,"code":100397,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,100399,100400,100418],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100401,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100403,252],{"class":37},[31,100405,89],{"class":88},[31,100407,16231],{"class":1561},[31,100409,137],{"class":41},[31,100411,260],{"class":259},[31,100413,4669],{"class":263},[31,100415,260],{"class":259},[31,100417,120],{"class":41},[31,100419,100420,100422,100424,100426],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100421,134],{"class":133},[31,100423,137],{"class":41},[31,100425,353],{"class":140},[31,100427,120],{"class":41},[613,100429,100431],{"id":100430},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[21,100433,100435],{"className":23,"code":100434,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[28,100436,100437,100447],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100438,100439,100441,100443,100445],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100440,98877],{"class":37},[31,100442,89],{"class":88},[31,100444,16231],{"class":1561},[31,100446,1772],{"class":41},[31,100448,100449,100451,100453,100455],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100450,134],{"class":133},[31,100452,137],{"class":41},[31,100454,98896],{"class":140},[31,100456,120],{"class":41},[72,100458,3407],{"id":3406},[14,100460,100461],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[613,100463,9007,100465,100467],{"id":100464},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[28,100466,4371],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,100469,100470],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[21,100472,100474],{"className":23,"code":100473,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[28,100475,100476,100484],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100477,100478,100480,100482],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100479,3022],{"class":37},[31,100481,89],{"class":88},[31,100483,10429],{"class":41},[31,100485,100486,100488,100490,100492,100494,100496],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100487,134],{"class":133},[31,100489,137],{"class":41},[31,100491,1562],{"class":1561},[31,100493,137],{"class":41},[31,100495,3049],{"class":140},[31,100497,1569],{"class":41},[14,100499,100500],{},"This prints:",[21,100502,100503],{"className":23,"code":9399,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,100504,100505],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100506,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100508,1593],{"class":88},[31,100510,1597],{"class":1596},[31,100512,379],{"class":259},[31,100514,9412],{"class":263},[31,100516,370],{"class":259},[31,100518,1606],{"class":88},[14,100520,2668,100521,7217],{},[28,100522,4376],{},[613,100524,100526],{"id":100525},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100528,100529],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[21,100531,100533],{"className":23,"code":100532,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,100534,100535,100563],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100536,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100538,85],{"class":37},[31,100540,89],{"class":88},[31,100542,11082],{"class":41},[31,100544,146],{"class":95},[31,100546,99],{"class":41},[31,100548,6082],{"class":95},[31,100550,99],{"class":41},[31,100552,3571],{"class":95},[31,100554,99],{"class":41},[31,100556,3571],{"class":95},[31,100558,99],{"class":41},[31,100560,3027],{"class":95},[31,100562,9900],{"class":41},[31,100564,100565,100567,100569,100571],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100566,134],{"class":133},[31,100568,137],{"class":41},[31,100570,141],{"class":140},[31,100572,120],{"class":41},[14,100574,100575],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[613,100577,100579],{"id":100578},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100581,100582],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100584,100585],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[21,100587,100589],{"className":23,"code":100588,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[28,100590,100591,100611],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100592,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100594,85],{"class":37},[31,100596,89],{"class":88},[31,100598,11082],{"class":41},[31,100600,96],{"class":95},[31,100602,99],{"class":41},[31,100604,102],{"class":95},[31,100606,99],{"class":41},[31,100608,107],{"class":95},[31,100610,9900],{"class":41},[31,100612,100613],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100614,100615],{"class":157},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100617,100618],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[613,100620,100622],{"id":100621},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100624,100625],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[21,100627,100629],{"className":23,"code":100628,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[28,100630,100631,100636],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100632,100633],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100634,100635],{"class":157},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[31,100637,100638],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100639,100640],{"class":157},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100642,100643,100644,70],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[28,100645,3583],{},[613,100647,100649],{"id":100648},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100651,100652],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[21,100654,100656],{"className":23,"code":100655,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[28,100657,100658,100678,100710,100714,100728],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100659,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100661,16226],{"class":37},[31,100663,89],{"class":88},[31,100665,11082],{"class":41},[31,100667,146],{"class":95},[31,100669,99],{"class":41},[31,100671,3571],{"class":95},[31,100673,99],{"class":41},[31,100675,3027],{"class":95},[31,100677,9900],{"class":41},[31,100679,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706,100708],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100681,12318],{"class":37},[31,100683,89],{"class":88},[31,100685,11082],{"class":41},[31,100687,260],{"class":259},[31,100689,264],{"class":263},[31,100691,260],{"class":259},[31,100693,48],{"class":41},[31,100695,6082],{"class":95},[31,100697,99],{"class":41},[31,100699,271],{"class":259},[31,100701,274],{"class":263},[31,100703,260],{"class":259},[31,100705,48],{"class":41},[31,100707,3571],{"class":95},[31,100709,9900],{"class":41},[31,100711,100712],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,100713,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,100715,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,100717,134],{"class":133},[31,100719,137],{"class":41},[31,100721,1562],{"class":1561},[31,100723,137],{"class":41},[31,100725,16264],{"class":140},[31,100727,1569],{"class":41},[31,100729,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,100731,134],{"class":133},[31,100733,137],{"class":41},[31,100735,1562],{"class":1561},[31,100737,137],{"class":41},[31,100739,12042],{"class":140},[31,100741,1569],{"class":41},[72,100743,93370],{"id":93369},[14,100745,100746],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[21,100748,100750],{"className":23,"code":100749,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[28,100751,100752,100778,100782,100796,100806,100820,100827],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,100753,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,100755,16226],{"class":37},[31,100757,89],{"class":88},[31,100759,16231],{"class":1561},[31,100761,3564],{"class":41},[31,100763,146],{"class":95},[31,100765,99],{"class":41},[31,100767,3571],{"class":95},[31,100769,99],{"class":41},[31,100771,3571],{"class":95},[31,100773,99],{"class":41},[31,100775,3027],{"class":95},[31,100777,566],{"class":41},[31,100779,100780],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,100781,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,100783,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,100785,134],{"class":133},[31,100787,137],{"class":41},[31,100789,1562],{"class":1561},[31,100791,137],{"class":41},[31,100793,16264],{"class":140},[31,100795,1569],{"class":41},[31,100797,100798,100800,100802,100804],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,100799,134],{"class":133},[31,100801,137],{"class":41},[31,100803,16264],{"class":140},[31,100805,120],{"class":41},[31,100807,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,100809,134],{"class":133},[31,100811,137],{"class":41},[31,100813,2408],{"class":133},[31,100815,137],{"class":41},[31,100817,16264],{"class":140},[31,100819,1569],{"class":41},[31,100821,100822,100824],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,100823,134],{"class":133},[31,100825,100826],{"class":41},"({})\n",[31,100828,100829,100831,100833,100835],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,100830,134],{"class":133},[31,100832,137],{"class":41},[31,100834,6871],{"class":1561},[31,100836,7781],{"class":41},[14,100838,100839],{},"Use these to confirm:",[228,100841,100842,100845,100848,100851],{},[231,100843,100844],{},"The object type",[231,100846,100847],{},"The actual values stored",[231,100849,100850],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[231,100852,100853,100854,4975,100856],{},"The difference between ",[28,100855,4371],{},[28,100857,4376],{},[72,100859,2435],{"id":2434},[613,100861,100863],{"id":100862},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100865,100866,100867,100870,100871,100873],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[28,100868,100869],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[28,100872,4376],{}," with another iterable.",[613,100875,100877],{"id":100876},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100879,2668,100880,100882,100883,100885],{},[28,100881,4376],{},". Empty braces ",[28,100884,4371],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[613,100887,100889],{"id":100888},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100891,100892],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[613,100894,100896],{"id":100895},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100898,100899],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[613,100901,100903],{"id":100902},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100905,100906],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[72,100908,2475],{"id":2474},[228,100910,100911,100915,100921,100927,100932],{},[231,100912,100913],{},[264,100914,96915],{"href":98086},[231,100916,100917],{},[264,100918,4152,100919,11333],{"href":99087},[28,100920,96795],{},[231,100922,100923],{},[264,100924,4152,100925,11333],{"href":99106},[28,100926,97901],{},[231,100928,100929],{},[264,100930,100931],{"href":99664},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[231,100933,100934],{},[264,100935,100936],{"href":99378},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100938,100939],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2499,100941,100942],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":100944},[100945,100946,100947,100948,100951,100957,100961,100962,100963,100969,100977,100978,100985],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":99350,"depth":123,"text":99351},{"id":99382,"depth":123,"text":99383,"children":100949},[100950],{"id":99451,"depth":130,"text":99452},{"id":99555,"depth":123,"text":100952,"children":100953},"Create a set with set()",[100954,100955,100956],{"id":99580,"depth":130,"text":99581},{"id":99668,"depth":130,"text":99669},{"id":99738,"depth":130,"text":99739},{"id":99823,"depth":123,"text":99824,"children":100958},[100959],{"id":99900,"depth":130,"text":100960},"Do not use {}",{"id":72873,"depth":123,"text":72874},{"id":100108,"depth":123,"text":100109},{"id":100280,"depth":123,"text":100281,"children":100964},[100965,100966,100967,100968],{"id":100284,"depth":130,"text":100285},{"id":100327,"depth":130,"text":100328},{"id":100394,"depth":130,"text":99739},{"id":100430,"depth":130,"text":100431},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":100970},[100971,100973,100974,100975,100976],{"id":100464,"depth":130,"text":100972},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100525,"depth":130,"text":100526},{"id":100578,"depth":130,"text":100579},{"id":100621,"depth":130,"text":100622},{"id":100648,"depth":130,"text":100649},{"id":93369,"depth":123,"text":93370},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":100979},[100980,100981,100982,100983,100984],{"id":100862,"depth":130,"text":100863},{"id":100876,"depth":130,"text":100877},{"id":100888,"depth":130,"text":100889},{"id":100895,"depth":130,"text":100896},{"id":100902,"depth":130,"text":100903},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99153,"description":100986},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100992,"title":100993,"body":100994,"description":103425,"extension":2542,"meta":103426,"navigation":126,"path":103427,"seo":103428,"stem":103429,"__hash__":103430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100995,"toc":103390},[100996,101002,101008,101011,101013,101090,101092,101109,101119,101121,101126,101134,101136,101152,101156,101158,101160,101163,101184,101187,101211,101217,101219,101316,101318,101335,101345,101347,101349,101357,101359,101370,101372,101463,101465,101489,101500,101502,101504,101507,101637,101639,101712,101714,101735,101738,101740,101746,101751,101754,101881,101883,101900,101903,101905,101913,101916,101920,101928,102019,102021,102058,102063,102070,102147,102149,102165,102170,102175,102177,102186,102194,102275,102277,102306,102309,102313,102324,102327,102410,102412,102433,102439,102441,102443,102447,102451,102458,102523,102525,102545,102548,102617,102619,102635,102639,102645,102657,102665,102667,102752,102754,102783,102786,102790,102795,102797,102847,102850,102931,102933,102949,102953,102956,103031,103034,103038,103041,103118,103120,103153,103159,103163,103166,103301,103303,103317,103319,103321,103327,103330,103337,103345,103351,103354,103358,103361,103363,103365,103387],[10,100997,96787,100999,11914],{"id":100998},"python-set-difference-method",[28,101000,101001],{},"difference()",[14,101003,101004,101007],{},[28,101005,101006],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,101009,101010],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[72,101012,4186],{"id":4185},[21,101014,101016],{"className":23,"code":101015,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[28,101017,101018,101042,101062,101080],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101019,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101021,3130],{"class":37},[31,101023,89],{"class":88},[31,101025,11082],{"class":41},[31,101027,146],{"class":95},[31,101029,99],{"class":41},[31,101031,3571],{"class":95},[31,101033,99],{"class":41},[31,101035,3027],{"class":95},[31,101037,99],{"class":41},[31,101039,3033],{"class":95},[31,101041,9900],{"class":41},[31,101043,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101045,3158],{"class":37},[31,101047,89],{"class":88},[31,101049,11082],{"class":41},[31,101051,173],{"class":95},[31,101053,99],{"class":41},[31,101055,3033],{"class":95},[31,101057,99],{"class":41},[31,101059,5187],{"class":95},[31,101061,9900],{"class":41},[31,101063,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101065,1522],{"class":37},[31,101067,89],{"class":88},[31,101069,57496],{"class":37},[31,101071,70],{"class":41},[31,101073,3388],{"class":140},[31,101075,137],{"class":41},[31,101077,274],{"class":140},[31,101079,120],{"class":41},[31,101081,101082,101084,101086,101088],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,101083,134],{"class":133},[31,101085,137],{"class":41},[31,101087,1550],{"class":140},[31,101089,120],{"class":41},[14,101091,358],{},[21,101093,101095],{"className":23,"code":101094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2}\n",[28,101096,101097],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101098,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101100,9869],{"class":41},[31,101102,146],{"class":95},[31,101104,99],{"class":41},[31,101106,3571],{"class":95},[31,101108,9900],{"class":41},[14,101110,101111,101113,101114,101116,101117,70],{},[28,101112,101001],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[28,101115,264],{}," that are not in ",[28,101118,274],{},[45524,101120],{},[72,101122,4255,101124,4258],{"id":101123},"what-difference-does",[28,101125,101001],{},[14,101127,62,101128,101130,101131,101133],{},[28,101129,101001],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[67,101132,5213],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,101135,13648],{},[228,101137,101138,101143,101146,101149],{},[231,101139,101140,101142],{},[28,101141,101001],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[231,101144,101145],{},"It creates a new set",[231,101147,101148],{},"It does not change the original set",[231,101150,101151],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,101153,96911,101154,70],{},[264,101155,96915],{"href":98086},[45524,101157],{},[72,101159,2733],{"id":2732},[14,101161,101162],{},"Use this form:",[21,101164,101166],{"className":23,"code":101165,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[28,101167,101168],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101169,101170,101173,101175,101177,101179,101182],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101171,101172],{"class":37},"set1",[31,101174,70],{"class":41},[31,101176,3388],{"class":140},[31,101178,137],{"class":41},[31,101180,101181],{"class":140},"set2",[31,101183,120],{"class":41},[14,101185,101186],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[21,101188,101190],{"className":23,"code":101189,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[28,101191,101192],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101193,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101209],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101195,101172],{"class":37},[31,101197,70],{"class":41},[31,101199,3388],{"class":140},[31,101201,137],{"class":41},[31,101203,101181],{"class":140},[31,101205,99],{"class":41},[31,101207,101208],{"class":140}," set3",[31,101210,120],{"class":41},[14,101212,101213,101214,101216],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[67,101215,5937],{}," of the other sets.",[14,101218,242],{},[21,101220,101222],{"className":23,"code":101221,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[28,101223,101224,101252,101268,101280,101284,101306],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101225,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101227,3130],{"class":37},[31,101229,89],{"class":88},[31,101231,11082],{"class":41},[31,101233,146],{"class":95},[31,101235,99],{"class":41},[31,101237,3571],{"class":95},[31,101239,99],{"class":41},[31,101241,3027],{"class":95},[31,101243,99],{"class":41},[31,101245,3033],{"class":95},[31,101247,99],{"class":41},[31,101249,5187],{"class":95},[31,101251,9900],{"class":41},[31,101253,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101255,3158],{"class":37},[31,101257,89],{"class":88},[31,101259,11082],{"class":41},[31,101261,193],{"class":95},[31,101263,99],{"class":41},[31,101265,3027],{"class":95},[31,101267,9900],{"class":41},[31,101269,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101271,83770],{"class":37},[31,101273,89],{"class":88},[31,101275,11082],{"class":41},[31,101277,559],{"class":95},[31,101279,9900],{"class":41},[31,101281,101282],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,101283,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101285,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,101287,1522],{"class":37},[31,101289,89],{"class":88},[31,101291,57496],{"class":37},[31,101293,70],{"class":41},[31,101295,3388],{"class":140},[31,101297,137],{"class":41},[31,101299,274],{"class":140},[31,101301,99],{"class":41},[31,101303,10273],{"class":140},[31,101305,120],{"class":41},[31,101307,101308,101310,101312,101314],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,101309,134],{"class":133},[31,101311,137],{"class":41},[31,101313,1550],{"class":140},[31,101315,120],{"class":41},[14,101317,358],{},[21,101319,101321],{"className":23,"code":101320,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 4}\n",[28,101322,101323],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101324,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101326,9869],{"class":41},[31,101328,146],{"class":95},[31,101330,99],{"class":41},[31,101332,3033],{"class":95},[31,101334,9900],{"class":41},[14,101336,101337,101338,101340,101341,3456,101343,70],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[28,101339,264],{}," and removes anything found in ",[28,101342,274],{},[28,101344,283],{},[45524,101346],{},[72,101348,18017],{"id":18016},[14,101350,101351,101353,101354,70],{},[28,101352,101001],{}," always returns a ",[67,101355,101356],{},"new set",[14,101358,44257],{},[228,101360,101361,101364,101367],{},[231,101362,101363],{},"The return value is a new set",[231,101365,101366],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[231,101368,101369],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,101371,242],{},[21,101373,101375],{"className":23,"code":101374,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,101376,101377,101393,101413,101417,101435,101439,101449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101378,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101380,3130],{"class":37},[31,101382,89],{"class":88},[31,101384,11082],{"class":41},[31,101386,146],{"class":95},[31,101388,99],{"class":41},[31,101390,3571],{"class":95},[31,101392,9900],{"class":41},[31,101394,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101396,3158],{"class":37},[31,101398,89],{"class":88},[31,101400,11082],{"class":41},[31,101402,146],{"class":95},[31,101404,99],{"class":41},[31,101406,3571],{"class":95},[31,101408,99],{"class":41},[31,101410,3027],{"class":95},[31,101412,9900],{"class":41},[31,101414,101415],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101416,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101418,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,101420,1522],{"class":37},[31,101422,89],{"class":88},[31,101424,57496],{"class":37},[31,101426,70],{"class":41},[31,101428,3388],{"class":140},[31,101430,137],{"class":41},[31,101432,274],{"class":140},[31,101434,120],{"class":41},[31,101436,101437],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,101438,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101440,101441,101443,101445,101447],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,101442,134],{"class":133},[31,101444,137],{"class":41},[31,101446,1550],{"class":140},[31,101448,120],{"class":41},[31,101450,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,101452,134],{"class":133},[31,101454,137],{"class":41},[31,101456,1562],{"class":1561},[31,101458,137],{"class":41},[31,101460,1550],{"class":140},[31,101462,1569],{"class":41},[14,101464,358],{},[21,101466,101467],{"className":23,"code":99875,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,101468,101469,101475],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101470,101471,101473],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101472,6871],{"class":1561},[31,101474,1772],{"class":41},[31,101476,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101478,1593],{"class":88},[31,101480,1597],{"class":1596},[31,101482,379],{"class":259},[31,101484,6871],{"class":263},[31,101486,370],{"class":259},[31,101488,1606],{"class":88},[14,101490,101491,101492,19562,101494,101496,101497,101499],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[28,101493,4376],{},[28,101495,4371],{},". In Python, ",[28,101498,4371],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45524,101501],{},[72,101503,12068],{"id":12067},[14,101505,101506],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[21,101508,101510],{"className":23,"code":101509,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[28,101511,101512,101545,101578,101582,101602,101606,101616,101627],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101513,101514,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101515,101516],{"class":37},"fruits_a ",[31,101518,89],{"class":88},[31,101520,11082],{"class":41},[31,101522,260],{"class":259},[31,101524,4660],{"class":263},[31,101526,260],{"class":259},[31,101528,99],{"class":41},[31,101530,271],{"class":259},[31,101532,4669],{"class":263},[31,101534,260],{"class":259},[31,101536,99],{"class":41},[31,101538,271],{"class":259},[31,101540,33825],{"class":263},[31,101542,260],{"class":259},[31,101544,9900],{"class":41},[31,101546,101547,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101548,101549],{"class":37},"fruits_b ",[31,101551,89],{"class":88},[31,101553,11082],{"class":41},[31,101555,260],{"class":259},[31,101557,4669],{"class":263},[31,101559,260],{"class":259},[31,101561,99],{"class":41},[31,101563,271],{"class":259},[31,101565,33825],{"class":263},[31,101567,260],{"class":259},[31,101569,99],{"class":41},[31,101571,271],{"class":259},[31,101573,23132],{"class":263},[31,101575,260],{"class":259},[31,101577,9900],{"class":41},[31,101579,101580],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101581,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101583,101584,101586,101588,101591,101593,101595,101597,101600],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,101585,1522],{"class":37},[31,101587,89],{"class":88},[31,101589,101590],{"class":37}," fruits_a",[31,101592,70],{"class":41},[31,101594,3388],{"class":140},[31,101596,137],{"class":41},[31,101598,101599],{"class":140},"fruits_b",[31,101601,120],{"class":41},[31,101603,101604],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,101605,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101607,101608,101610,101612,101614],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,101609,134],{"class":133},[31,101611,137],{"class":41},[31,101613,1550],{"class":140},[31,101615,120],{"class":41},[31,101617,101618,101620,101622,101625],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,101619,134],{"class":133},[31,101621,137],{"class":41},[31,101623,101624],{"class":140},"fruits_a",[31,101626,120],{"class":41},[31,101628,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,101630,134],{"class":133},[31,101632,137],{"class":41},[31,101634,101599],{"class":140},[31,101636,120],{"class":41},[14,101638,30632],{},[21,101640,101642],{"className":23,"code":101641,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[28,101643,101644,101656,101684],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101645,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101647,9869],{"class":41},[31,101649,370],{"class":259},[31,101651,4660],{"class":263},[31,101653,370],{"class":259},[31,101655,9900],{"class":41},[31,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101659,9869],{"class":41},[31,101661,370],{"class":259},[31,101663,4669],{"class":263},[31,101665,370],{"class":259},[31,101667,99],{"class":41},[31,101669,379],{"class":259},[31,101671,33825],{"class":263},[31,101673,370],{"class":259},[31,101675,99],{"class":41},[31,101677,379],{"class":259},[31,101679,4660],{"class":263},[31,101681,370],{"class":259},[31,101683,9900],{"class":41},[31,101685,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101687,9869],{"class":41},[31,101689,370],{"class":259},[31,101691,4669],{"class":263},[31,101693,370],{"class":259},[31,101695,99],{"class":41},[31,101697,379],{"class":259},[31,101699,33825],{"class":263},[31,101701,370],{"class":259},[31,101703,99],{"class":41},[31,101705,379],{"class":259},[31,101707,23132],{"class":263},[31,101709,370],{"class":259},[31,101711,9900],{"class":41},[14,101713,12277],{},[228,101715,101716,101721,101726,101732],{},[231,101717,101718,101719],{},"Start with ",[28,101720,101624],{},[231,101722,101723,101724],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[28,101725,101599],{},[231,101727,101728,101729,101731],{},"Only ",[28,101730,58442],{}," remains",[231,101733,101734],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101736,101737],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45524,101739],{},[72,101741,9007,101743,101745],{"id":101742},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[28,101744,101001],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101747,101748,101749,70],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[28,101750,101001],{},[14,101752,101753],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[21,101755,101757],{"className":23,"code":101756,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[28,101758,101759,101791,101808,101821,101838,101842,101871],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101760,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101762,85],{"class":37},[31,101764,89],{"class":88},[31,101766,11082],{"class":41},[31,101768,146],{"class":95},[31,101770,99],{"class":41},[31,101772,3571],{"class":95},[31,101774,99],{"class":41},[31,101776,3027],{"class":95},[31,101778,99],{"class":41},[31,101780,3033],{"class":95},[31,101782,99],{"class":41},[31,101784,5187],{"class":95},[31,101786,99],{"class":41},[31,101788,38248],{"class":95},[31,101790,9900],{"class":41},[31,101792,101793,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101794,101795],{"class":37},"group_a ",[31,101797,89],{"class":88},[31,101799,11082],{"class":41},[31,101801,193],{"class":95},[31,101803,99],{"class":41},[31,101805,3033],{"class":95},[31,101807,9900],{"class":41},[31,101809,101810,101813,101815,101817,101819],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101811,101812],{"class":37},"group_b ",[31,101814,89],{"class":88},[31,101816,11082],{"class":41},[31,101818,559],{"class":95},[31,101820,9900],{"class":41},[31,101822,101823,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,101824,101825],{"class":37},"group_c ",[31,101827,89],{"class":88},[31,101829,11082],{"class":41},[31,101831,1305],{"class":95},[31,101833,99],{"class":41},[31,101835,6578],{"class":95},[31,101837,9900],{"class":41},[31,101839,101840],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,101841,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101843,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101859,101861,101864,101866,101869],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,101845,1522],{"class":37},[31,101847,89],{"class":88},[31,101849,1527],{"class":37},[31,101851,70],{"class":41},[31,101853,3388],{"class":140},[31,101855,137],{"class":41},[31,101857,101858],{"class":140},"group_a",[31,101860,99],{"class":41},[31,101862,101863],{"class":140}," group_b",[31,101865,99],{"class":41},[31,101867,101868],{"class":140}," group_c",[31,101870,120],{"class":41},[31,101872,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,101874,134],{"class":133},[31,101876,137],{"class":41},[31,101878,1550],{"class":140},[31,101880,120],{"class":41},[14,101882,358],{},[21,101884,101886],{"className":23,"code":101885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 3}\n",[28,101887,101888],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101889,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101891,9869],{"class":41},[31,101893,146],{"class":95},[31,101895,99],{"class":41},[31,101897,3027],{"class":95},[31,101899,9900],{"class":41},[14,101901,101902],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45524,101904],{},[72,101906,101908,11177,101910],{"id":101907},"difference-vs-difference_update",[28,101909,101001],{},[28,101911,101912],{},"difference_update()",[14,101914,101915],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[613,101917,101918],{"id":3388},[28,101919,101001],{},[228,101921,101922,101925],{},[231,101923,101924],{},"Returns a new set",[231,101926,101927],{},"Does not change the original set",[21,101929,101931],{"className":23,"code":101930,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[28,101932,101933,101957,101973,101977,101995,101999,102009],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,101934,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,101936,3130],{"class":37},[31,101938,89],{"class":88},[31,101940,11082],{"class":41},[31,101942,146],{"class":95},[31,101944,99],{"class":41},[31,101946,3571],{"class":95},[31,101948,99],{"class":41},[31,101950,3027],{"class":95},[31,101952,99],{"class":41},[31,101954,3033],{"class":95},[31,101956,9900],{"class":41},[31,101958,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969,101971],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,101960,3158],{"class":37},[31,101962,89],{"class":88},[31,101964,11082],{"class":41},[31,101966,173],{"class":95},[31,101968,99],{"class":41},[31,101970,3033],{"class":95},[31,101972,9900],{"class":41},[31,101974,101975],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,101976,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,101978,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,101980,1522],{"class":37},[31,101982,89],{"class":88},[31,101984,57496],{"class":37},[31,101986,70],{"class":41},[31,101988,3388],{"class":140},[31,101990,137],{"class":41},[31,101992,274],{"class":140},[31,101994,120],{"class":41},[31,101996,101997],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,101998,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102000,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,102002,134],{"class":133},[31,102004,137],{"class":41},[31,102006,1550],{"class":140},[31,102008,120],{"class":41},[31,102010,102011,102013,102015,102017],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,102012,134],{"class":133},[31,102014,137],{"class":41},[31,102016,264],{"class":140},[31,102018,120],{"class":41},[14,102020,358],{},[21,102022,102024],{"className":23,"code":102023,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,102025,102026,102038],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102027,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102029,9869],{"class":41},[31,102031,146],{"class":95},[31,102033,99],{"class":41},[31,102035,3571],{"class":95},[31,102037,9900],{"class":41},[31,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102041,9869],{"class":41},[31,102043,146],{"class":95},[31,102045,99],{"class":41},[31,102047,3571],{"class":95},[31,102049,99],{"class":41},[31,102051,3027],{"class":95},[31,102053,99],{"class":41},[31,102055,3033],{"class":95},[31,102057,9900],{"class":41},[613,102059,102061],{"id":102060},"difference_update",[28,102062,101912],{},[228,102064,102065,102068],{},[231,102066,102067],{},"Changes the original set",[231,102069,96905],{},[21,102071,102073],{"className":23,"code":102072,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[28,102074,102075,102099,102115,102119,102133,102137],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102076,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102078,3130],{"class":37},[31,102080,89],{"class":88},[31,102082,11082],{"class":41},[31,102084,146],{"class":95},[31,102086,99],{"class":41},[31,102088,3571],{"class":95},[31,102090,99],{"class":41},[31,102092,3027],{"class":95},[31,102094,99],{"class":41},[31,102096,3033],{"class":95},[31,102098,9900],{"class":41},[31,102100,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102102,3158],{"class":37},[31,102104,89],{"class":88},[31,102106,11082],{"class":41},[31,102108,173],{"class":95},[31,102110,99],{"class":41},[31,102112,3033],{"class":95},[31,102114,9900],{"class":41},[31,102116,102117],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102118,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102122,264],{"class":37},[31,102124,70],{"class":41},[31,102126,102060],{"class":140},[31,102128,137],{"class":41},[31,102130,274],{"class":140},[31,102132,120],{"class":41},[31,102134,102135],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102136,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,102140,134],{"class":133},[31,102142,137],{"class":41},[31,102144,264],{"class":140},[31,102146,120],{"class":41},[14,102148,358],{},[21,102150,102151],{"className":23,"code":101094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,102152,102153],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102154,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102156,9869],{"class":41},[31,102158,146],{"class":95},[31,102160,99],{"class":41},[31,102162,3571],{"class":95},[31,102164,9900],{"class":41},[14,102166,2668,102167,102169],{},[28,102168,101001],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,102171,102172,102173,34205],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[28,102174,101912],{},[45524,102176],{},[72,102178,102180,102182,102183,102185],{"id":102179},"difference-vs-the-operator",[28,102181,101001],{}," vs the ",[28,102184,212],{}," operator",[14,102187,62,102188,102190,102191,102193],{},[28,102189,212],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[28,102192,101001],{}," for two sets.",[21,102195,102197],{"className":23,"code":102196,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[28,102198,102199,102223,102239,102243,102261],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102202,3130],{"class":37},[31,102204,89],{"class":88},[31,102206,11082],{"class":41},[31,102208,146],{"class":95},[31,102210,99],{"class":41},[31,102212,3571],{"class":95},[31,102214,99],{"class":41},[31,102216,3027],{"class":95},[31,102218,99],{"class":41},[31,102220,3033],{"class":95},[31,102222,9900],{"class":41},[31,102224,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102226,3158],{"class":37},[31,102228,89],{"class":88},[31,102230,11082],{"class":41},[31,102232,173],{"class":95},[31,102234,99],{"class":41},[31,102236,3033],{"class":95},[31,102238,9900],{"class":41},[31,102240,102241],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102242,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102244,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102246,134],{"class":133},[31,102248,137],{"class":41},[31,102250,264],{"class":140},[31,102252,70],{"class":41},[31,102254,3388],{"class":140},[31,102256,137],{"class":41},[31,102258,274],{"class":140},[31,102260,1569],{"class":41},[31,102262,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102264,134],{"class":133},[31,102266,137],{"class":41},[31,102268,3130],{"class":140},[31,102270,212],{"class":88},[31,102272,3135],{"class":140},[31,102274,120],{"class":41},[14,102276,358],{},[21,102278,102280],{"className":23,"code":102279,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[28,102281,102282,102294],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102283,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102285,9869],{"class":41},[31,102287,146],{"class":95},[31,102289,99],{"class":41},[31,102291,3571],{"class":95},[31,102293,9900],{"class":41},[31,102295,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102297,9869],{"class":41},[31,102299,146],{"class":95},[31,102301,99],{"class":41},[31,102303,3571],{"class":95},[31,102305,9900],{"class":41},[14,102307,102308],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,102310,95175,102311,2466],{},[28,102312,101001],{},[228,102314,102315,102318,102321],{},[231,102316,102317],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[231,102319,102320],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[231,102322,102323],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,102325,102326],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[21,102328,102330],{"className":23,"code":102329,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[28,102331,102332,102360,102372,102384,102388],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102335,3130],{"class":37},[31,102337,89],{"class":88},[31,102339,11082],{"class":41},[31,102341,146],{"class":95},[31,102343,99],{"class":41},[31,102345,3571],{"class":95},[31,102347,99],{"class":41},[31,102349,3027],{"class":95},[31,102351,99],{"class":41},[31,102353,3033],{"class":95},[31,102355,99],{"class":41},[31,102357,5187],{"class":95},[31,102359,9900],{"class":41},[31,102361,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102363,3158],{"class":37},[31,102365,89],{"class":88},[31,102367,11082],{"class":41},[31,102369,193],{"class":95},[31,102371,9900],{"class":41},[31,102373,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102375,83770],{"class":37},[31,102377,89],{"class":88},[31,102379,11082],{"class":41},[31,102381,151],{"class":95},[31,102383,9900],{"class":41},[31,102385,102386],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102387,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102389,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102391,134],{"class":133},[31,102393,137],{"class":41},[31,102395,264],{"class":140},[31,102397,70],{"class":41},[31,102399,3388],{"class":140},[31,102401,137],{"class":41},[31,102403,274],{"class":140},[31,102405,99],{"class":41},[31,102407,10273],{"class":140},[31,102409,1569],{"class":41},[14,102411,358],{},[21,102413,102415],{"className":23,"code":102414,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[28,102416,102417],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102418,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102420,9869],{"class":41},[31,102422,146],{"class":95},[31,102424,99],{"class":41},[31,102426,3027],{"class":95},[31,102428,99],{"class":41},[31,102430,5187],{"class":95},[31,102432,9900],{"class":41},[14,102434,102435,102436,102438],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[28,102437,212],{}," operator expression.",[45524,102440],{},[72,102442,5101],{"id":5100},[14,102444,21810,102445,70],{},[28,102446,101001],{},[613,102448,102450],{"id":102449},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,102452,5210,102453,102455,102456,48],{},[67,102454,5213],{}," change ",[28,102457,264],{},[21,102459,102461],{"className":23,"code":102460,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[28,102462,102463,102483,102495,102499,102513],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102464,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102466,3130],{"class":37},[31,102468,89],{"class":88},[31,102470,11082],{"class":41},[31,102472,146],{"class":95},[31,102474,99],{"class":41},[31,102476,3571],{"class":95},[31,102478,99],{"class":41},[31,102480,3027],{"class":95},[31,102482,9900],{"class":41},[31,102484,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102486,3158],{"class":37},[31,102488,89],{"class":88},[31,102490,11082],{"class":41},[31,102492,173],{"class":95},[31,102494,9900],{"class":41},[31,102496,102497],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102498,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102500,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102502,264],{"class":37},[31,102504,70],{"class":41},[31,102506,3388],{"class":140},[31,102508,137],{"class":41},[31,102510,274],{"class":140},[31,102512,120],{"class":41},[31,102514,102515,102517,102519,102521],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102516,134],{"class":133},[31,102518,137],{"class":41},[31,102520,264],{"class":140},[31,102522,120],{"class":41},[14,102524,358],{},[21,102526,102527],{"className":23,"code":97194,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,102528,102529],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102530,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102532,9869],{"class":41},[31,102534,146],{"class":95},[31,102536,99],{"class":41},[31,102538,3571],{"class":95},[31,102540,99],{"class":41},[31,102542,3027],{"class":95},[31,102544,9900],{"class":41},[14,102546,102547],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[21,102549,102551],{"className":23,"code":102550,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[28,102552,102553,102573,102585,102589,102607],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102554,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102556,3130],{"class":37},[31,102558,89],{"class":88},[31,102560,11082],{"class":41},[31,102562,146],{"class":95},[31,102564,99],{"class":41},[31,102566,3571],{"class":95},[31,102568,99],{"class":41},[31,102570,3027],{"class":95},[31,102572,9900],{"class":41},[31,102574,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102576,3158],{"class":37},[31,102578,89],{"class":88},[31,102580,11082],{"class":41},[31,102582,173],{"class":95},[31,102584,9900],{"class":41},[31,102586,102587],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102588,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102590,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102592,3130],{"class":37},[31,102594,89],{"class":88},[31,102596,57496],{"class":37},[31,102598,70],{"class":41},[31,102600,3388],{"class":140},[31,102602,137],{"class":41},[31,102604,274],{"class":140},[31,102606,120],{"class":41},[31,102608,102609,102611,102613,102615],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102610,134],{"class":133},[31,102612,137],{"class":41},[31,102614,264],{"class":140},[31,102616,120],{"class":41},[14,102618,358],{},[21,102620,102621],{"className":23,"code":101094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,102622,102623],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102624,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102626,9869],{"class":41},[31,102628,146],{"class":95},[31,102630,99],{"class":41},[31,102632,3571],{"class":95},[31,102634,9900],{"class":41},[613,102636,102638],{"id":102637},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102640,102641,102644],{},[28,102642,102643],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[228,102646,102647,102652],{},[231,102648,102649,102650],{},"keep items from ",[28,102651,264],{},[231,102653,102654,102655],{},"remove anything also in ",[28,102656,274],{},[14,102658,41511,102659,102661,102662,102664],{},[67,102660,5213],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[28,102663,274],{},"”.",[14,102666,242],{},[21,102668,102670],{"className":23,"code":102669,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[28,102671,102672,102692,102712,102716,102734],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102673,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102675,3130],{"class":37},[31,102677,89],{"class":88},[31,102679,11082],{"class":41},[31,102681,146],{"class":95},[31,102683,99],{"class":41},[31,102685,3571],{"class":95},[31,102687,99],{"class":41},[31,102689,3027],{"class":95},[31,102691,9900],{"class":41},[31,102693,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102695,3158],{"class":37},[31,102697,89],{"class":88},[31,102699,11082],{"class":41},[31,102701,173],{"class":95},[31,102703,99],{"class":41},[31,102705,3033],{"class":95},[31,102707,99],{"class":41},[31,102709,5187],{"class":95},[31,102711,9900],{"class":41},[31,102713,102714],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102715,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102717,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102719,134],{"class":133},[31,102721,137],{"class":41},[31,102723,264],{"class":140},[31,102725,70],{"class":41},[31,102727,3388],{"class":140},[31,102729,137],{"class":41},[31,102731,274],{"class":140},[31,102733,1569],{"class":41},[31,102735,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102737,134],{"class":133},[31,102739,137],{"class":41},[31,102741,274],{"class":140},[31,102743,70],{"class":41},[31,102745,3388],{"class":140},[31,102747,137],{"class":41},[31,102749,264],{"class":140},[31,102751,1569],{"class":41},[14,102753,358],{},[21,102755,102757],{"className":23,"code":102756,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[28,102758,102759,102771],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102760,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102762,9869],{"class":41},[31,102764,146],{"class":95},[31,102766,99],{"class":41},[31,102768,3571],{"class":95},[31,102770,9900],{"class":41},[31,102772,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102774,9869],{"class":41},[31,102776,151],{"class":95},[31,102778,99],{"class":41},[31,102780,5187],{"class":95},[31,102782,9900],{"class":41},[14,102784,102785],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[613,102787,102789],{"id":102788},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102791,102792,102794],{},[28,102793,101001],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102796,55928],{},[21,102798,102800],{"className":23,"code":102799,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[28,102801,102802,102822,102838,102842],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102803,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102805,3130],{"class":37},[31,102807,89],{"class":88},[31,102809,4200],{"class":41},[31,102811,146],{"class":95},[31,102813,99],{"class":41},[31,102815,3571],{"class":95},[31,102817,99],{"class":41},[31,102819,3027],{"class":95},[31,102821,59],{"class":41},[31,102823,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102825,3158],{"class":37},[31,102827,89],{"class":88},[31,102829,4200],{"class":41},[31,102831,173],{"class":95},[31,102833,99],{"class":41},[31,102835,3033],{"class":95},[31,102837,59],{"class":41},[31,102839,102840],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102841,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102843,102844],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102845,102846],{"class":157},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102848,102849],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[21,102851,102853],{"className":23,"code":102852,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[28,102854,102855,102875,102891,102895,102921],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102856,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102858,3130],{"class":37},[31,102860,89],{"class":88},[31,102862,4200],{"class":41},[31,102864,146],{"class":95},[31,102866,99],{"class":41},[31,102868,3571],{"class":95},[31,102870,99],{"class":41},[31,102872,3027],{"class":95},[31,102874,59],{"class":41},[31,102876,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887,102889],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102878,3158],{"class":37},[31,102880,89],{"class":88},[31,102882,4200],{"class":41},[31,102884,173],{"class":95},[31,102886,99],{"class":41},[31,102888,3033],{"class":95},[31,102890,59],{"class":41},[31,102892,102893],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,102894,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,102896,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,102898,1522],{"class":37},[31,102900,89],{"class":88},[31,102902,16231],{"class":1561},[31,102904,137],{"class":41},[31,102906,264],{"class":140},[31,102908,9222],{"class":41},[31,102910,3388],{"class":140},[31,102912,137],{"class":41},[31,102914,6871],{"class":1561},[31,102916,137],{"class":41},[31,102918,274],{"class":140},[31,102920,1569],{"class":41},[31,102922,102923,102925,102927,102929],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,102924,134],{"class":133},[31,102926,137],{"class":41},[31,102928,1550],{"class":140},[31,102930,120],{"class":41},[14,102932,358],{},[21,102934,102935],{"className":23,"code":101094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,102936,102937],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102938,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102940,9869],{"class":41},[31,102942,146],{"class":95},[31,102944,99],{"class":41},[31,102946,3571],{"class":95},[31,102948,9900],{"class":41},[613,102950,102952],{"id":102951},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102954,102955],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[21,102957,102959],{"className":23,"code":102958,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[28,102960,102961,102993,103009,103013],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,102962,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,102964,3130],{"class":37},[31,102966,89],{"class":88},[31,102968,11082],{"class":41},[31,102970,260],{"class":259},[31,102972,37651],{"class":263},[31,102974,260],{"class":259},[31,102976,99],{"class":41},[31,102978,271],{"class":259},[31,102980,58736],{"class":263},[31,102982,260],{"class":259},[31,102984,99],{"class":41},[31,102986,271],{"class":259},[31,102988,58753],{"class":263},[31,102990,260],{"class":259},[31,102992,9900],{"class":41},[31,102994,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,102996,3158],{"class":37},[31,102998,89],{"class":88},[31,103000,11082],{"class":41},[31,103002,260],{"class":259},[31,103004,58736],{"class":263},[31,103006,260],{"class":259},[31,103008,9900],{"class":41},[31,103010,103011],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,103012,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,103014,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,103016,134],{"class":133},[31,103018,137],{"class":41},[31,103020,264],{"class":140},[31,103022,70],{"class":41},[31,103024,3388],{"class":140},[31,103026,137],{"class":41},[31,103028,274],{"class":140},[31,103030,1569],{"class":41},[14,103032,103033],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[613,103035,103037],{"id":103036},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,103039,103040],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[21,103042,103044],{"className":23,"code":103043,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[28,103045,103046,103074,103086,103090,103100],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103049,3130],{"class":37},[31,103051,89],{"class":88},[31,103053,11082],{"class":41},[31,103055,146],{"class":95},[31,103057,99],{"class":41},[31,103059,6082],{"class":95},[31,103061,99],{"class":41},[31,103063,3571],{"class":95},[31,103065,99],{"class":41},[31,103067,3571],{"class":95},[31,103069,99],{"class":41},[31,103071,3027],{"class":95},[31,103073,9900],{"class":41},[31,103075,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103077,3158],{"class":37},[31,103079,89],{"class":88},[31,103081,11082],{"class":41},[31,103083,173],{"class":95},[31,103085,9900],{"class":41},[31,103087,103088],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,103089,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,103091,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,103093,134],{"class":133},[31,103095,137],{"class":41},[31,103097,264],{"class":140},[31,103099,120],{"class":41},[31,103101,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,103103,134],{"class":133},[31,103105,137],{"class":41},[31,103107,264],{"class":140},[31,103109,70],{"class":41},[31,103111,3388],{"class":140},[31,103113,137],{"class":41},[31,103115,274],{"class":140},[31,103117,1569],{"class":41},[14,103119,358],{},[21,103121,103123],{"className":23,"code":103122,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[28,103124,103125,103141],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103128,9869],{"class":41},[31,103130,146],{"class":95},[31,103132,99],{"class":41},[31,103134,3571],{"class":95},[31,103136,99],{"class":41},[31,103138,3027],{"class":95},[31,103140,9900],{"class":41},[31,103142,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103144,9869],{"class":41},[31,103146,146],{"class":95},[31,103148,99],{"class":41},[31,103150,3571],{"class":95},[31,103152,9900],{"class":41},[14,103154,103155,103156,103158],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[28,103157,101001],{}," runs.",[613,103160,103162],{"id":103161},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,103164,103165],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[21,103167,103169],{"className":23,"code":103168,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[28,103170,103171,103195,103215,103219,103229,103239,103257,103279],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103172,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103174,3130],{"class":37},[31,103176,89],{"class":88},[31,103178,11082],{"class":41},[31,103180,146],{"class":95},[31,103182,99],{"class":41},[31,103184,3571],{"class":95},[31,103186,99],{"class":41},[31,103188,3027],{"class":95},[31,103190,99],{"class":41},[31,103192,3033],{"class":95},[31,103194,9900],{"class":41},[31,103196,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103198,3158],{"class":37},[31,103200,89],{"class":88},[31,103202,11082],{"class":41},[31,103204,173],{"class":95},[31,103206,99],{"class":41},[31,103208,3033],{"class":95},[31,103210,99],{"class":41},[31,103212,5187],{"class":95},[31,103214,9900],{"class":41},[31,103216,103217],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,103218,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,103220,103221,103223,103225,103227],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,103222,134],{"class":133},[31,103224,137],{"class":41},[31,103226,264],{"class":140},[31,103228,120],{"class":41},[31,103230,103231,103233,103235,103237],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,103232,134],{"class":133},[31,103234,137],{"class":41},[31,103236,274],{"class":140},[31,103238,120],{"class":41},[31,103240,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,103242,134],{"class":133},[31,103244,137],{"class":41},[31,103246,264],{"class":140},[31,103248,70],{"class":41},[31,103250,3388],{"class":140},[31,103252,137],{"class":41},[31,103254,274],{"class":140},[31,103256,1569],{"class":41},[31,103258,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,103260,134],{"class":133},[31,103262,137],{"class":41},[31,103264,1562],{"class":1561},[31,103266,137],{"class":41},[31,103268,264],{"class":140},[31,103270,70],{"class":41},[31,103272,3388],{"class":140},[31,103274,137],{"class":41},[31,103276,274],{"class":140},[31,103278,3490],{"class":41},[31,103280,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,103282,134],{"class":133},[31,103284,137],{"class":41},[31,103286,2408],{"class":133},[31,103288,137],{"class":41},[31,103290,264],{"class":140},[31,103292,70],{"class":41},[31,103294,3388],{"class":140},[31,103296,137],{"class":41},[31,103298,274],{"class":140},[31,103300,3490],{"class":41},[14,103302,2417],{},[228,103304,103305,103308,103311,103314],{},[231,103306,103307],{},"what is in each set",[231,103309,103310],{},"what result Python creates",[231,103312,103313],{},"that the result is a set",[231,103315,103316],{},"how many items remain",[45524,103318],{},[72,103320,2435],{"id":2434},[613,103322,13299,103324,103326],{"id":103323},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[28,103325,101001],{}," change the original set?",[14,103328,103329],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[613,103331,5762,103333,4975,103335,2466],{"id":103332},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[28,103334,101001],{},[28,103336,101912],{},[14,103338,103339,103341,103342,103344],{},[28,103340,101001],{}," returns a new set. ",[28,103343,101912],{}," modifies the original set.",[613,103346,28930,103348,103350],{"id":103347},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[28,103349,101001],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,103352,103353],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[613,103355,103357],{"id":103356},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,103359,103360],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45524,103362],{},[72,103364,2475],{"id":2474},[228,103366,103367,103371,103379],{},[231,103368,103369],{},[264,103370,96915],{"href":98086},[231,103372,103373],{},[264,103374,97401,103376,11333],{"href":103375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[28,103377,103378],{},"intersection()",[231,103380,103381],{},[264,103382,97401,103384,11333],{"href":103383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[28,103385,103386],{},"union()",[2499,103388,103389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":103391},[103392,103393,103395,103396,103397,103398,103400,103405,103407,103415,103424],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":101123,"depth":123,"text":103394},"What difference() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":101742,"depth":123,"text":103399},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101907,"depth":123,"text":103401,"children":103402},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103403,103404],{"id":3388,"depth":130,"text":101001},{"id":102060,"depth":130,"text":101912},{"id":102179,"depth":123,"text":103406},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":103408},[103409,103410,103411,103412,103413,103414],{"id":102449,"depth":130,"text":102450},{"id":102637,"depth":130,"text":102638},{"id":102788,"depth":130,"text":102789},{"id":102951,"depth":130,"text":102952},{"id":103036,"depth":130,"text":103037},{"id":103161,"depth":130,"text":103162},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":103416},[103417,103419,103421,103423],{"id":103323,"depth":130,"text":103418},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103332,"depth":130,"text":103420},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103347,"depth":130,"text":103422},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103356,"depth":130,"text":103357},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100993,"description":103425},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103432,"title":103433,"body":103434,"description":105129,"extension":2542,"meta":105130,"navigation":126,"path":105131,"seo":105132,"stem":105133,"__hash__":105134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103435,"toc":105091},[103436,103442,103448,103461,103463,103564,103566,103611,103616,103621,103625,103639,103642,103650,103652,103671,103689,103693,103746,103748,103769,103776,103781,103808,103815,103914,103916,103953,103961,103965,103971,103974,104047,104049,104057,104062,104131,104133,104158,104160,104163,104266,104268,104329,104332,104336,104342,104415,104417,104450,104453,104456,104496,104502,104525,104530,104534,104545,104548,104550,104554,104560,104562,104619,104629,104631,104684,104691,104696,104764,104772,104778,104782,104784,104823,104828,104877,104881,104884,104886,104925,104928,104930,104935,104992,104994,105008,105010,105014,105020,105025,105030,105037,105048,105054,105059,105061,105088],[10,103437,96787,103439,11914],{"id":103438},"python-set-discard-method",[28,103440,103441],{},"discard()",[14,103443,103444,103447],{},[28,103445,103446],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,103449,103450,103451,2766,103456,14651,103458,103460],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[264,103452,103453],{"href":98796},[28,103454,103455],{},"set.remove()",[28,103457,103441],{},[67,103459,5213],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[72,103462,75],{"id":74},[21,103464,103466],{"className":23,"code":103465,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[28,103467,103468,103500,103519,103529,103533,103554],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103469,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103471,13672],{"class":37},[31,103473,89],{"class":88},[31,103475,11082],{"class":41},[31,103477,260],{"class":259},[31,103479,13689],{"class":263},[31,103481,260],{"class":259},[31,103483,99],{"class":41},[31,103485,271],{"class":259},[31,103487,13706],{"class":263},[31,103489,260],{"class":259},[31,103491,99],{"class":41},[31,103493,271],{"class":259},[31,103495,18054],{"class":263},[31,103497,260],{"class":259},[31,103499,9900],{"class":41},[31,103501,103502,103504,103506,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103503,18101],{"class":37},[31,103505,70],{"class":41},[31,103507,103508],{"class":140},"discard",[31,103510,137],{"class":41},[31,103512,260],{"class":259},[31,103514,13706],{"class":263},[31,103516,260],{"class":259},[31,103518,120],{"class":41},[31,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,103522,134],{"class":133},[31,103524,137],{"class":41},[31,103526,18101],{"class":140},[31,103528,120],{"class":41},[31,103530,103531],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,103532,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,103534,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,103536,18101],{"class":37},[31,103538,70],{"class":41},[31,103540,103508],{"class":140},[31,103542,137],{"class":41},[31,103544,260],{"class":259},[31,103546,23123],{"class":263},[31,103548,260],{"class":259},[31,103550,4238],{"class":41},[31,103552,103553],{"class":157},"  # no error if missing\n",[31,103555,103556,103558,103560,103562],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,103557,134],{"class":133},[31,103559,137],{"class":41},[31,103561,18101],{"class":140},[31,103563,120],{"class":41},[14,103565,30632],{},[21,103567,103569],{"className":23,"code":103568,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[28,103570,103571,103591],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103572,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103574,9869],{"class":41},[31,103576,370],{"class":259},[31,103578,13689],{"class":263},[31,103580,370],{"class":259},[31,103582,99],{"class":41},[31,103584,379],{"class":259},[31,103586,18054],{"class":263},[31,103588,370],{"class":259},[31,103590,9900],{"class":41},[31,103592,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103594,9869],{"class":41},[31,103596,370],{"class":259},[31,103598,13689],{"class":263},[31,103600,370],{"class":259},[31,103602,99],{"class":41},[31,103604,379],{"class":259},[31,103606,18054],{"class":263},[31,103608,370],{"class":259},[31,103610,9900],{"class":41},[14,103612,2668,103613,103615],{},[28,103614,103441],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[72,103617,4255,103619,4258],{"id":103618},"what-setdiscard-does",[28,103620,103446],{},[14,103622,103623,48],{},[28,103624,103441],{},[228,103626,103627,103630,103633,103635],{},[231,103628,103629],{},"Removes one item from a set",[231,103631,103632],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[231,103634,96902],{},[231,103636,12016,103637],{},[28,103638,4357],{},[14,103640,103641],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103643,96911,103644,3456,103647,70],{},[264,103645,103646],{"href":99378},"what a set is in Python",[264,103648,103649],{"href":98470},"how to create a set",[72,103651,2733],{"id":2732},[21,103653,103655],{"className":23,"code":103654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[28,103656,103657],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103658,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103660,16264],{"class":37},[31,103662,70],{"class":41},[31,103664,103508],{"class":140},[31,103666,137],{"class":41},[31,103668,3049],{"class":140},[31,103670,120],{"class":41},[228,103672,103673,103678,103683,103686],{},[231,103674,103675,103677],{},[28,103676,16264],{}," is the set you want to change",[231,103679,103680,103682],{},[28,103681,3049],{}," is the item you want to remove",[231,103684,103685],{},"The set must already exist",[231,103687,103688],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[613,103690,103692],{"id":103691},"example","Example",[21,103694,103696],{"className":23,"code":103695,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,103697,103698,103722,103736],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103699,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103701,85],{"class":37},[31,103703,89],{"class":88},[31,103705,11082],{"class":41},[31,103707,146],{"class":95},[31,103709,99],{"class":41},[31,103711,3571],{"class":95},[31,103713,99],{"class":41},[31,103715,3027],{"class":95},[31,103717,99],{"class":41},[31,103719,3033],{"class":95},[31,103721,9900],{"class":41},[31,103723,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103725,141],{"class":37},[31,103727,70],{"class":41},[31,103729,103508],{"class":140},[31,103731,137],{"class":41},[31,103733,173],{"class":95},[31,103735,120],{"class":41},[31,103737,103738,103740,103742,103744],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,103739,134],{"class":133},[31,103741,137],{"class":41},[31,103743,141],{"class":140},[31,103745,120],{"class":41},[14,103747,358],{},[21,103749,103751],{"className":23,"code":103750,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[28,103752,103753],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103754,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103756,9869],{"class":41},[31,103758,146],{"class":95},[31,103760,99],{"class":41},[31,103762,3571],{"class":95},[31,103764,99],{"class":41},[31,103766,3033],{"class":95},[31,103768,9900],{"class":41},[72,103770,103772,103773,103775],{"id":103771},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[28,103774,103441],{}," different",[14,103777,103778,103780],{},[28,103779,103441],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[228,103782,103783,103796,103805],{},[231,103784,103785,103786,2766,103790,103792,103793,103795],{},"Unlike ",[264,103787,103788],{"href":98796},[28,103789,56138],{},[28,103791,103441],{}," does not raise ",[28,103794,20286],{}," when the item is missing",[231,103797,103785,103798,2766,103802,103804],{},[264,103799,103800],{"href":98801},[28,103801,13358],{},[28,103803,103441],{}," removes a specific item",[231,103806,103807],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[613,103809,103811,11177,103813],{"id":103810},"discard-vs-remove",[28,103812,103441],{},[28,103814,56138],{},[21,103816,103818],{"className":23,"code":103817,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[28,103819,103820,103844,103848,103869,103879,103883,103904],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103821,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103823,8368],{"class":37},[31,103825,89],{"class":88},[31,103827,11082],{"class":41},[31,103829,260],{"class":259},[31,103831,4660],{"class":263},[31,103833,260],{"class":259},[31,103835,99],{"class":41},[31,103837,271],{"class":259},[31,103839,4669],{"class":263},[31,103841,260],{"class":259},[31,103843,9900],{"class":41},[31,103845,103846],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103847,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,103849,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,103851,8397],{"class":37},[31,103853,70],{"class":41},[31,103855,103508],{"class":140},[31,103857,137],{"class":41},[31,103859,260],{"class":259},[31,103861,33825],{"class":263},[31,103863,260],{"class":259},[31,103865,4238],{"class":41},[31,103867,103868],{"class":157},"   # no error\n",[31,103870,103871,103873,103875,103877],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,103872,134],{"class":133},[31,103874,137],{"class":41},[31,103876,8397],{"class":140},[31,103878,120],{"class":41},[31,103880,103881],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,103882,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,103884,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,103886,8397],{"class":37},[31,103888,70],{"class":41},[31,103890,35399],{"class":140},[31,103892,137],{"class":41},[31,103894,260],{"class":259},[31,103896,4669],{"class":263},[31,103898,260],{"class":259},[31,103900,4238],{"class":41},[31,103902,103903],{"class":157},"    # removes existing item\n",[31,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,103907,134],{"class":133},[31,103909,137],{"class":41},[31,103911,8397],{"class":140},[31,103913,120],{"class":41},[14,103915,358],{},[21,103917,103919],{"className":23,"code":103918,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[28,103920,103921,103941],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103922,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103924,9869],{"class":41},[31,103926,370],{"class":259},[31,103928,4660],{"class":263},[31,103930,370],{"class":259},[31,103932,99],{"class":41},[31,103934,379],{"class":259},[31,103936,4669],{"class":263},[31,103938,370],{"class":259},[31,103940,9900],{"class":41},[31,103942,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,103944,9869],{"class":41},[31,103946,370],{"class":259},[31,103948,4660],{"class":263},[31,103950,370],{"class":259},[31,103952,9900],{"class":41},[14,103954,40948,103955,103957,103958,103960],{},[28,103956,56138],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[264,103959,11668],{"href":11667}," for more help with that case.",[72,103962,103964],{"id":103963},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103966,103967,2972,103969,70],{},[28,103968,103441],{},[28,103970,4357],{},[14,103972,103973],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[21,103975,103977],{"className":23,"code":103976,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,103978,103979,104011,104033,104037],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,103980,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,103982,13672],{"class":37},[31,103984,89],{"class":88},[31,103986,11082],{"class":41},[31,103988,260],{"class":259},[31,103990,13689],{"class":263},[31,103992,260],{"class":259},[31,103994,99],{"class":41},[31,103996,271],{"class":259},[31,103998,13706],{"class":263},[31,104000,260],{"class":259},[31,104002,99],{"class":41},[31,104004,271],{"class":259},[31,104006,18054],{"class":263},[31,104008,260],{"class":259},[31,104010,9900],{"class":41},[31,104012,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104014,1522],{"class":37},[31,104016,89],{"class":88},[31,104018,13720],{"class":37},[31,104020,70],{"class":41},[31,104022,103508],{"class":140},[31,104024,137],{"class":41},[31,104026,260],{"class":259},[31,104028,13706],{"class":263},[31,104030,260],{"class":259},[31,104032,120],{"class":41},[31,104034,104035],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104036,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104038,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104040,134],{"class":133},[31,104042,137],{"class":41},[31,104044,1550],{"class":140},[31,104046,120],{"class":41},[14,104048,358],{},[21,104050,104051],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,104052,104053],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104054,104055],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104056,12402],{"class":4432},[14,104058,104059,104060,48],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[28,104061,18101],{},[21,104063,104065],{"className":23,"code":104064,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[28,104066,104067,104099,104117,104121],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104068,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104070,13672],{"class":37},[31,104072,89],{"class":88},[31,104074,11082],{"class":41},[31,104076,260],{"class":259},[31,104078,13689],{"class":263},[31,104080,260],{"class":259},[31,104082,99],{"class":41},[31,104084,271],{"class":259},[31,104086,13706],{"class":263},[31,104088,260],{"class":259},[31,104090,99],{"class":41},[31,104092,271],{"class":259},[31,104094,18054],{"class":263},[31,104096,260],{"class":259},[31,104098,9900],{"class":41},[31,104100,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104102,18101],{"class":37},[31,104104,70],{"class":41},[31,104106,103508],{"class":140},[31,104108,137],{"class":41},[31,104110,260],{"class":259},[31,104112,13706],{"class":263},[31,104114,260],{"class":259},[31,104116,120],{"class":41},[31,104118,104119],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104120,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104124,134],{"class":133},[31,104126,137],{"class":41},[31,104128,18101],{"class":140},[31,104130,120],{"class":41},[14,104132,358],{},[21,104134,104136],{"className":23,"code":104135,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[28,104137,104138],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104139,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104141,9869],{"class":41},[31,104143,370],{"class":259},[31,104145,13689],{"class":263},[31,104147,370],{"class":259},[31,104149,99],{"class":41},[31,104151,379],{"class":259},[31,104153,18054],{"class":263},[31,104155,370],{"class":259},[31,104157,9900],{"class":41},[72,104159,12068],{"id":12067},[14,104161,104162],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[21,104164,104166],{"className":23,"code":104165,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[28,104167,104168,104200,104204,104222,104226,104244,104248],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104169,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104171,36843],{"class":37},[31,104173,89],{"class":88},[31,104175,11082],{"class":41},[31,104177,260],{"class":259},[31,104179,4660],{"class":263},[31,104181,260],{"class":259},[31,104183,99],{"class":41},[31,104185,271],{"class":259},[31,104187,4669],{"class":263},[31,104189,260],{"class":259},[31,104191,99],{"class":41},[31,104193,271],{"class":259},[31,104195,33825],{"class":263},[31,104197,260],{"class":259},[31,104199,9900],{"class":41},[31,104201,104202],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104203,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104207,134],{"class":133},[31,104209,137],{"class":41},[31,104211,260],{"class":259},[31,104213,12157],{"class":263},[31,104215,260],{"class":259},[31,104217,99],{"class":41},[31,104219,53460],{"class":140},[31,104221,120],{"class":41},[31,104223,104224],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104225,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104227,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,104229,36895],{"class":37},[31,104231,70],{"class":41},[31,104233,103508],{"class":140},[31,104235,137],{"class":41},[31,104237,260],{"class":259},[31,104239,4669],{"class":263},[31,104241,260],{"class":259},[31,104243,120],{"class":41},[31,104245,104246],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,104247,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104249,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,104251,134],{"class":133},[31,104253,137],{"class":41},[31,104255,260],{"class":259},[31,104257,12197],{"class":263},[31,104259,260],{"class":259},[31,104261,99],{"class":41},[31,104263,53460],{"class":140},[31,104265,120],{"class":41},[14,104267,358],{},[21,104269,104271],{"className":23,"code":104270,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[28,104272,104273,104305],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104274,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104276,12217],{"class":37},[31,104278,48],{"class":41},[31,104280,11082],{"class":41},[31,104282,370],{"class":259},[31,104284,4669],{"class":263},[31,104286,370],{"class":259},[31,104288,99],{"class":41},[31,104290,379],{"class":259},[31,104292,4660],{"class":263},[31,104294,370],{"class":259},[31,104296,99],{"class":41},[31,104298,379],{"class":259},[31,104300,33825],{"class":263},[31,104302,370],{"class":259},[31,104304,9900],{"class":41},[31,104306,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104308,12270],{"class":37},[31,104310,48],{"class":41},[31,104312,11082],{"class":41},[31,104314,370],{"class":259},[31,104316,4660],{"class":263},[31,104318,370],{"class":259},[31,104320,99],{"class":41},[31,104322,379],{"class":259},[31,104324,33825],{"class":263},[31,104326,370],{"class":259},[31,104328,9900],{"class":41},[14,104330,104331],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[72,104333,104335],{"id":104334},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,104337,104338,104339,104341],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[28,104340,103441],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[21,104343,104345],{"className":23,"code":104344,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[28,104346,104347,104379,104383,104401,104405],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104348,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104350,36843],{"class":37},[31,104352,89],{"class":88},[31,104354,11082],{"class":41},[31,104356,260],{"class":259},[31,104358,4660],{"class":263},[31,104360,260],{"class":259},[31,104362,99],{"class":41},[31,104364,271],{"class":259},[31,104366,4669],{"class":263},[31,104368,260],{"class":259},[31,104370,99],{"class":41},[31,104372,271],{"class":259},[31,104374,33825],{"class":263},[31,104376,260],{"class":259},[31,104378,9900],{"class":41},[31,104380,104381],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104382,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104384,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104386,36895],{"class":37},[31,104388,70],{"class":41},[31,104390,103508],{"class":140},[31,104392,137],{"class":41},[31,104394,260],{"class":259},[31,104396,23132],{"class":263},[31,104398,260],{"class":259},[31,104400,120],{"class":41},[31,104402,104403],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104404,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104406,104407,104409,104411,104413],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,104408,134],{"class":133},[31,104410,137],{"class":41},[31,104412,36895],{"class":140},[31,104414,120],{"class":41},[14,104416,358],{},[21,104418,104420],{"className":23,"code":104419,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[28,104421,104422],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104423,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104425,9869],{"class":41},[31,104427,370],{"class":259},[31,104429,4669],{"class":263},[31,104431,370],{"class":259},[31,104433,99],{"class":41},[31,104435,379],{"class":259},[31,104437,4660],{"class":263},[31,104439,370],{"class":259},[31,104441,99],{"class":41},[31,104443,379],{"class":259},[31,104445,33825],{"class":263},[31,104447,370],{"class":259},[31,104449,9900],{"class":41},[14,104451,104452],{},"No error happens here.",[14,104454,104455],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[21,104457,104459],{"className":23,"code":104458,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[28,104460,104461,104477],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104462,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104464,7584],{"class":4457},[31,104466,271],{"class":259},[31,104468,23132],{"class":263},[31,104470,260],{"class":259},[31,104472,21772],{"class":88},[31,104474,53460],{"class":37},[31,104476,6978],{"class":41},[31,104478,104479,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104480,104481],{"class":37},"    fruits",[31,104483,70],{"class":41},[31,104485,35399],{"class":140},[31,104487,137],{"class":41},[31,104489,260],{"class":259},[31,104491,23132],{"class":263},[31,104493,260],{"class":259},[31,104495,120],{"class":41},[14,104497,104498,104499,104501],{},"With ",[28,104500,103441],{},", you can simply write:",[21,104503,104505],{"className":23,"code":104504,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[28,104506,104507],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104508,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104510,36895],{"class":37},[31,104512,70],{"class":41},[31,104514,103508],{"class":140},[31,104516,137],{"class":41},[31,104518,260],{"class":259},[31,104520,23132],{"class":263},[31,104522,260],{"class":259},[31,104524,120],{"class":41},[72,104526,5544,104528],{"id":104527},"when-to-use-discard",[28,104529,103441],{},[14,104531,2668,104532,11193],{},[28,104533,103441],{},[228,104535,104536,104539,104542],{},[231,104537,104538],{},"Missing values are normal",[231,104540,104541],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[231,104543,104544],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104546,104547],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[72,104549,3407],{"id":3406},[14,104551,9037,104552,70],{},[28,104553,103441],{},[613,104555,9043,104557,104559],{"id":104556},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[28,104558,103441],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104561,2102],{},[21,104563,104565],{"className":23,"code":104564,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,104566,104567,104587,104605,104609],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104568,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104570,85],{"class":37},[31,104572,89],{"class":88},[31,104574,11082],{"class":41},[31,104576,146],{"class":95},[31,104578,99],{"class":41},[31,104580,3571],{"class":95},[31,104582,99],{"class":41},[31,104584,3027],{"class":95},[31,104586,9900],{"class":41},[31,104588,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104590,85],{"class":37},[31,104592,89],{"class":88},[31,104594,1527],{"class":37},[31,104596,70],{"class":41},[31,104598,103508],{"class":140},[31,104600,137],{"class":41},[31,104602,193],{"class":95},[31,104604,120],{"class":41},[31,104606,104607],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104608,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104610,104611,104613,104615,104617],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104612,134],{"class":133},[31,104614,137],{"class":41},[31,104616,141],{"class":140},[31,104618,120],{"class":41},[14,104620,104621,42761,104623,9192,104625,2972,104627,70],{},[28,104622,141],{},[28,104624,4357],{},[28,104626,103441],{},[28,104628,4357],{},[14,104630,19439],{},[21,104632,104634],{"className":23,"code":104633,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,104635,104636,104656,104670,104674],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104639,85],{"class":37},[31,104641,89],{"class":88},[31,104643,11082],{"class":41},[31,104645,146],{"class":95},[31,104647,99],{"class":41},[31,104649,3571],{"class":95},[31,104651,99],{"class":41},[31,104653,3027],{"class":95},[31,104655,9900],{"class":41},[31,104657,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104659,141],{"class":37},[31,104661,70],{"class":41},[31,104663,103508],{"class":140},[31,104665,137],{"class":41},[31,104667,193],{"class":95},[31,104669,120],{"class":41},[31,104671,104672],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104673,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,104675,104676,104678,104680,104682],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104677,134],{"class":133},[31,104679,137],{"class":41},[31,104681,141],{"class":140},[31,104683,120],{"class":41},[613,104685,37808,104687,9295,104689],{"id":104686},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[28,104688,103441],{},[28,104690,56138],{},[14,104692,104693,104694,70],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[28,104695,103441],{},[21,104697,104699],{"className":23,"code":104698,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[28,104700,104701,104733,104754],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104702,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104704,252],{"class":37},[31,104706,89],{"class":88},[31,104708,11082],{"class":41},[31,104710,260],{"class":259},[31,104712,264],{"class":263},[31,104714,260],{"class":259},[31,104716,99],{"class":41},[31,104718,271],{"class":259},[31,104720,274],{"class":263},[31,104722,260],{"class":259},[31,104724,99],{"class":41},[31,104726,271],{"class":259},[31,104728,283],{"class":263},[31,104730,260],{"class":259},[31,104732,9900],{"class":41},[31,104734,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104736,353],{"class":37},[31,104738,70],{"class":41},[31,104740,103508],{"class":140},[31,104742,137],{"class":41},[31,104744,260],{"class":259},[31,104746,22676],{"class":263},[31,104748,260],{"class":259},[31,104750,4238],{"class":41},[31,104752,104753],{"class":157},"   # safe\n",[31,104755,104756,104758,104760,104762],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104757,134],{"class":133},[31,104759,137],{"class":41},[31,104761,353],{"class":140},[31,104763,120],{"class":41},[14,104765,104766,104767,46516,104770,70],{},"If you use ",[28,104768,104769],{},"remove(\"z\")",[28,104771,20286],{},[613,104773,26217,104775,104777],{"id":104774},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[28,104776,103441],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104779,104780,102794],{},[28,104781,103441],{},[14,104783,17241],{},[21,104785,104787],{"className":23,"code":104786,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[28,104788,104789,104809],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104790,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104792,8368],{"class":37},[31,104794,89],{"class":88},[31,104796,4200],{"class":41},[31,104798,146],{"class":95},[31,104800,99],{"class":41},[31,104802,3571],{"class":95},[31,104804,99],{"class":41},[31,104806,3027],{"class":95},[31,104808,59],{"class":41},[31,104810,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104812,8397],{"class":37},[31,104814,70],{"class":41},[31,104816,103508],{"class":140},[31,104818,137],{"class":41},[31,104820,193],{"class":95},[31,104822,120],{"class":41},[14,104824,104825,104826,48],{},"Use a set if you need ",[28,104827,103441],{},[21,104829,104831],{"className":23,"code":104830,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[28,104832,104833,104853,104867],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104834,104835,104837,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104836,8368],{"class":37},[31,104838,89],{"class":88},[31,104840,11082],{"class":41},[31,104842,146],{"class":95},[31,104844,99],{"class":41},[31,104846,3571],{"class":95},[31,104848,99],{"class":41},[31,104850,3027],{"class":95},[31,104852,9900],{"class":41},[31,104854,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104856,8397],{"class":37},[31,104858,70],{"class":41},[31,104860,103508],{"class":140},[31,104862,137],{"class":41},[31,104864,193],{"class":95},[31,104866,120],{"class":41},[31,104868,104869,104871,104873,104875],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104870,134],{"class":133},[31,104872,137],{"class":41},[31,104874,8397],{"class":140},[31,104876,120],{"class":41},[613,104878,104880],{"id":104879},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104882,104883],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104885,3414],{},[21,104887,104889],{"className":23,"code":104888,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[28,104890,104891,104911],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104892,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104894,9757],{"class":37},[31,104896,89],{"class":88},[31,104898,11082],{"class":41},[31,104900,146],{"class":95},[31,104902,99],{"class":41},[31,104904,3571],{"class":95},[31,104906,99],{"class":41},[31,104908,3027],{"class":95},[31,104910,9900],{"class":41},[31,104912,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104914,9796],{"class":37},[31,104916,70],{"class":41},[31,104918,103508],{"class":140},[31,104920,3564],{"class":41},[31,104922,193],{"class":95},[31,104924,566],{"class":41},[14,104926,104927],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[72,104929,9463],{"id":9462},[14,104931,9466,104932,104934],{},[28,104933,103441],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[21,104936,104938],{"className":23,"code":104937,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[28,104939,104940,104950,104964,104978],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,104941,104942,104944,104946,104948],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,104943,134],{"class":133},[31,104945,137],{"class":41},[31,104947,16264],{"class":140},[31,104949,120],{"class":41},[31,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,104953,134],{"class":133},[31,104955,137],{"class":41},[31,104957,1562],{"class":1561},[31,104959,137],{"class":41},[31,104961,16264],{"class":140},[31,104963,1569],{"class":41},[31,104965,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,104967,134],{"class":133},[31,104969,137],{"class":41},[31,104971,3022],{"class":140},[31,104973,4464],{"class":4457},[31,104975,97511],{"class":140},[31,104977,120],{"class":41},[31,104979,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,104981,32756],{"class":133},[31,104983,137],{"class":41},[31,104985,6871],{"class":1561},[31,104987,70],{"class":41},[31,104989,103508],{"class":25350},[31,104991,120],{"class":41},[14,104993,2417],{},[228,104995,104996,104999,105002,105005],{},[231,104997,104998],{},"What is currently in the set",[231,105000,105001],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[231,105003,105004],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[231,105006,105007],{},"How Python documents the method",[72,105009,2435],{"id":2434},[613,105011,105013],{"id":105012},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,105015,105016,105017,105019],{},"Nothing happens. ",[28,105018,103441],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[613,105021,2453,105023,13311],{"id":105022},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[28,105024,103446],{},[14,105026,5730,105027,105029],{},[28,105028,4357],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[613,105031,5762,105033,4975,105035,2466],{"id":105032},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[28,105034,103441],{},[28,105036,56138],{},[14,105038,105039,105040,27139,105042,105044,105045,105047],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[28,105041,56138],{},[28,105043,20286],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[28,105046,103441],{}," does not.",[613,105049,28930,105051,105053],{"id":105050},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[28,105052,103441],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,105055,46973,105056,105058],{},[28,105057,103441],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[72,105060,2475],{"id":2474},[228,105062,105063,105069,105075,105080,105084],{},[231,105064,105065],{},[264,105066,97401,105067,11333],{"href":98796},[28,105068,56138],{},[231,105070,105071],{},[264,105072,97401,105073,11333],{"href":98801},[28,105074,13358],{},[231,105076,105077],{},[264,105078,105079],{"href":98470},"Python set: creating a set",[231,105081,105082],{},[264,105083,100936],{"href":99378},[231,105085,105086],{},[264,105087,11854],{"href":11667},[2499,105089,105090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":105092},[105093,105094,105096,105099,105104,105105,105106,105107,105109,105118,105119,105128],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":103618,"depth":123,"text":105095},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":105097},[105098],{"id":103691,"depth":130,"text":103692},{"id":103771,"depth":123,"text":105100,"children":105101},"What makes discard() different",[105102],{"id":103810,"depth":130,"text":105103},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103963,"depth":123,"text":103964},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":104334,"depth":123,"text":104335},{"id":104527,"depth":123,"text":105108},"When to use discard()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":105110},[105111,105113,105115,105117],{"id":104556,"depth":130,"text":105112},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104686,"depth":130,"text":105114},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104774,"depth":130,"text":105116},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104879,"depth":130,"text":104880},{"id":9462,"depth":123,"text":9463},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":105120},[105121,105122,105124,105126],{"id":105012,"depth":130,"text":105013},{"id":105022,"depth":130,"text":105123},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":105032,"depth":130,"text":105125},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":105050,"depth":130,"text":105127},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103433,"description":105129},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":105136,"title":105137,"body":105138,"description":107144,"extension":2542,"meta":107145,"navigation":126,"path":107146,"seo":107147,"stem":107148,"__hash__":107149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105139,"toc":107102},[105140,105143,105151,105156,105167,105169,105224,105228,105248,105253,105257,105262,105264,105278,105280,105355,105357,105390,105395,105400,105402,105404,105419,105422,105430,105435,105450,105452,105541,105543,105632,105638,105642,105644,105682,105684,105708,105711,105726,105728,105783,105785,105818,105820,105825,105829,105833,105838,105903,105905,105925,105931,105935,105992,105994,106015,106019,106024,106069,106071,106104,106107,106111,106144,106146,106175,106179,106183,106186,106188,106207,106209,106255,106260,106274,106276,106307,106312,106315,106359,106361,106389,106393,106397,106413,106416,106481,106483,106495,106498,106502,106505,106510,106538,106540,106558,106564,106603,106605,106623,106629,106658,106660,106678,106681,106698,106700,106705,106709,106712,106738,106745,106750,106765,106774,106778,106781,106812,106818,106821,106830,106833,106835,106837,106895,106898,106923,106925,106929,106932,106936,106944,106948,106951,106955,106958,106960,106983,106985,107026,107033,107041,107044,107075,107077,107099],[10,105141,105137],{"id":105142},"python-set-function-explained",[14,105144,9714,105145,105147,105148,70],{},[28,105146,4376],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[67,105149,105150],{},"unique values only",[14,105152,36011,105153,105155],{},[28,105154,4376],{}," to:",[228,105157,105158,105161,105164],{},[231,105159,105160],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[231,105162,105163],{},"check whether a value exists",[231,105165,105166],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[72,105168,75],{"id":74},[21,105170,105172],{"className":23,"code":105171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[28,105173,105174,105198,105213],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105175,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105177,85],{"class":37},[31,105179,89],{"class":88},[31,105181,4200],{"class":41},[31,105183,146],{"class":95},[31,105185,99],{"class":41},[31,105187,3571],{"class":95},[31,105189,99],{"class":41},[31,105191,3571],{"class":95},[31,105193,99],{"class":41},[31,105195,3027],{"class":95},[31,105197,59],{"class":41},[31,105199,105200,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105201,105202],{"class":37},"unique_numbers ",[31,105204,89],{"class":88},[31,105206,16231],{"class":1561},[31,105208,137],{"class":41},[31,105210,141],{"class":140},[31,105212,120],{"class":41},[31,105214,105215,105217,105219,105222],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105216,134],{"class":133},[31,105218,137],{"class":41},[31,105220,105221],{"class":140},"unique_numbers",[31,105223,120],{"class":41},[14,105225,105226],{},[67,105227,358],{},[21,105229,105230],{"className":23,"code":97194,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,105231,105232],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105233,105234,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105235,9869],{"class":41},[31,105237,146],{"class":95},[31,105239,99],{"class":41},[31,105241,3571],{"class":95},[31,105243,99],{"class":41},[31,105245,3027],{"class":95},[31,105247,9900],{"class":41},[14,105249,2668,105250,105252],{},[28,105251,4376],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[72,105254,105256],{"id":105255},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,105258,105259,105261],{},[28,105260,4376],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,105263,31143],{},[228,105265,105266,105269,105272,105275],{},[231,105267,105268],{},"A set stores unique items only",[231,105270,105271],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[231,105273,105274],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[231,105276,105277],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,105279,242],{},[21,105281,105283],{"className":23,"code":105282,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[28,105284,105285,105325,105340,105344],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105286,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105288,13672],{"class":37},[31,105290,89],{"class":88},[31,105292,4200],{"class":41},[31,105294,260],{"class":259},[31,105296,13689],{"class":263},[31,105298,260],{"class":259},[31,105300,99],{"class":41},[31,105302,271],{"class":259},[31,105304,13706],{"class":263},[31,105306,260],{"class":259},[31,105308,99],{"class":41},[31,105310,271],{"class":259},[31,105312,13689],{"class":263},[31,105314,260],{"class":259},[31,105316,99],{"class":41},[31,105318,271],{"class":259},[31,105320,18054],{"class":263},[31,105322,260],{"class":259},[31,105324,59],{"class":41},[31,105326,105327,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105328,105329],{"class":37},"unique_colors ",[31,105331,89],{"class":88},[31,105333,16231],{"class":1561},[31,105335,137],{"class":41},[31,105337,18101],{"class":140},[31,105339,120],{"class":41},[31,105341,105342],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105343,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,105345,105346,105348,105350,105353],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,105347,134],{"class":133},[31,105349,137],{"class":41},[31,105351,105352],{"class":140},"unique_colors",[31,105354,120],{"class":41},[14,105356,30632],{},[21,105358,105360],{"className":23,"code":105359,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[28,105361,105362],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105363,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105365,9869],{"class":41},[31,105367,370],{"class":259},[31,105369,13706],{"class":263},[31,105371,370],{"class":259},[31,105373,99],{"class":41},[31,105375,379],{"class":259},[31,105377,18054],{"class":263},[31,105379,370],{"class":259},[31,105381,99],{"class":41},[31,105383,379],{"class":259},[31,105385,13689],{"class":263},[31,105387,370],{"class":259},[31,105389,9900],{"class":41},[14,105391,2862,105392,105394],{},[28,105393,66000],{}," appears only once.",[14,105396,105397,105398,70],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[264,105399,96915],{"href":96914},[72,105401,2733],{"id":2732},[14,105403,2736],{},[21,105405,105407],{"className":23,"code":105406,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set(iterable)\n",[28,105408,105409],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105410,105411,105413,105415,105417],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105412,6871],{"class":1561},[31,105414,137],{"class":41},[31,105416,4299],{"class":140},[31,105418,120],{"class":41},[14,105420,105421],{},"The argument is optional.",[228,105423,105424,105427],{},[231,105425,105426],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[231,105428,105429],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,105431,105432,105433,48],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[28,105434,4376],{},[228,105436,105437,105439,105441,105443,105447],{},[231,105438,8682],{},[231,105440,38],{},[231,105442,61782],{},[231,105444,105445],{},[28,105446,36802],{},[231,105448,105449],{},"another set",[14,105451,2701],{},[21,105453,105455],{"className":23,"code":105454,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[28,105456,105457,105483,105505,105523],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105460,134],{"class":133},[31,105462,137],{"class":41},[31,105464,6871],{"class":1561},[31,105466,3564],{"class":41},[31,105468,146],{"class":95},[31,105470,99],{"class":41},[31,105472,3571],{"class":95},[31,105474,99],{"class":41},[31,105476,3571],{"class":95},[31,105478,99],{"class":41},[31,105480,3027],{"class":95},[31,105482,2399],{"class":41},[31,105484,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495,105497,105499,105501,105503],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105486,134],{"class":133},[31,105488,137],{"class":41},[31,105490,6871],{"class":1561},[31,105492,6095],{"class":41},[31,105494,96],{"class":95},[31,105496,99],{"class":41},[31,105498,102],{"class":95},[31,105500,99],{"class":41},[31,105502,1026],{"class":95},[31,105504,3490],{"class":41},[31,105506,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105508,134],{"class":133},[31,105510,137],{"class":41},[31,105512,6871],{"class":1561},[31,105514,137],{"class":41},[31,105516,260],{"class":259},[31,105518,4425],{"class":263},[31,105520,260],{"class":259},[31,105522,1569],{"class":41},[31,105524,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,105526,134],{"class":133},[31,105528,137],{"class":41},[31,105530,6871],{"class":1561},[31,105532,137],{"class":41},[31,105534,60608],{"class":133},[31,105536,137],{"class":41},[31,105538,151],{"class":95},[31,105540,3490],{"class":41},[14,105542,30632],{},[21,105544,105546],{"className":23,"code":105545,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[28,105547,105548,105564,105576,105612],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105549,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105551,9869],{"class":41},[31,105553,146],{"class":95},[31,105555,99],{"class":41},[31,105557,3571],{"class":95},[31,105559,99],{"class":41},[31,105561,3027],{"class":95},[31,105563,9900],{"class":41},[31,105565,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105567,9869],{"class":41},[31,105569,96],{"class":95},[31,105571,99],{"class":41},[31,105573,102],{"class":95},[31,105575,9900],{"class":41},[31,105577,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105579,9869],{"class":41},[31,105581,370],{"class":259},[31,105583,61048],{"class":263},[31,105585,370],{"class":259},[31,105587,99],{"class":41},[31,105589,379],{"class":259},[31,105591,301],{"class":263},[31,105593,370],{"class":259},[31,105595,99],{"class":41},[31,105597,379],{"class":259},[31,105599,61065],{"class":263},[31,105601,370],{"class":259},[31,105603,99],{"class":41},[31,105605,379],{"class":259},[31,105607,61082],{"class":263},[31,105609,370],{"class":259},[31,105611,9900],{"class":41},[31,105613,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,105615,9869],{"class":41},[31,105617,1243],{"class":95},[31,105619,99],{"class":41},[31,105621,6082],{"class":95},[31,105623,99],{"class":41},[31,105625,3571],{"class":95},[31,105627,99],{"class":41},[31,105629,3027],{"class":95},[31,105631,9900],{"class":41},[14,105633,105634,105635,70],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[264,105636,105637],{"href":65456},"Python list() function explained",[72,105639,105641],{"id":105640},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105643,98867],{},[21,105645,105646],{"className":23,"code":99832,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,105647,105648,105658,105668],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105649,105650,105652,105654,105656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105651,98877],{"class":37},[31,105653,89],{"class":88},[31,105655,16231],{"class":1561},[31,105657,1772],{"class":41},[31,105659,105660,105662,105664,105666],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105661,134],{"class":133},[31,105663,137],{"class":41},[31,105665,98896],{"class":140},[31,105667,120],{"class":41},[31,105669,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105671,134],{"class":133},[31,105673,137],{"class":41},[31,105675,1562],{"class":1561},[31,105677,137],{"class":41},[31,105679,98896],{"class":140},[31,105681,1569],{"class":41},[14,105683,358],{},[21,105685,105686],{"className":23,"code":99875,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,105687,105688,105694],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105689,105690,105692],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105691,6871],{"class":1561},[31,105693,1772],{"class":41},[31,105695,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704,105706],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105697,1593],{"class":88},[31,105699,1597],{"class":1596},[31,105701,379],{"class":259},[31,105703,6871],{"class":263},[31,105705,370],{"class":259},[31,105707,1606],{"class":88},[14,105709,105710],{},"This is important because:",[228,105712,105713,105718],{},[231,105714,105715,105717],{},[28,105716,4376],{}," creates an empty set",[231,105719,105720,105722,105723,105725],{},[28,105721,4371],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[67,105724,5213],{}," a set",[14,105727,242],{},[21,105729,105731],{"className":23,"code":105730,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[28,105732,105733,105743,105751,105755,105769],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105734,105735,105737,105739,105741],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105736,3130],{"class":37},[31,105738,89],{"class":88},[31,105740,16231],{"class":1561},[31,105742,1772],{"class":41},[31,105744,105745,105747,105749],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105746,3158],{"class":37},[31,105748,89],{"class":88},[31,105750,10429],{"class":41},[31,105752,105753],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105754,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,105756,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,105758,134],{"class":133},[31,105760,137],{"class":41},[31,105762,1562],{"class":1561},[31,105764,137],{"class":41},[31,105766,264],{"class":140},[31,105768,1569],{"class":41},[31,105770,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,105772,134],{"class":133},[31,105774,137],{"class":41},[31,105776,1562],{"class":1561},[31,105778,137],{"class":41},[31,105780,274],{"class":140},[31,105782,1569],{"class":41},[14,105784,358],{},[21,105786,105788],{"className":23,"code":105787,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[28,105789,105790,105804],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105791,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105793,1593],{"class":88},[31,105795,1597],{"class":1596},[31,105797,379],{"class":259},[31,105799,6871],{"class":263},[31,105801,370],{"class":259},[31,105803,1606],{"class":88},[31,105805,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105807,1593],{"class":88},[31,105809,1597],{"class":1596},[31,105811,379],{"class":259},[31,105813,9412],{"class":263},[31,105815,370],{"class":259},[31,105817,1606],{"class":88},[14,105819,14646],{},[14,105821,105822,105823,70],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[264,105824,105079],{"href":96918},[72,105826,105828],{"id":105827},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[613,105830,105832],{"id":105831},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105834,105835,105836,70],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[28,105837,4376],{},[21,105839,105841],{"className":23,"code":105840,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,105842,105843,105875,105889,105893],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105844,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105846,85],{"class":37},[31,105848,89],{"class":88},[31,105850,4200],{"class":41},[31,105852,146],{"class":95},[31,105854,99],{"class":41},[31,105856,3571],{"class":95},[31,105858,99],{"class":41},[31,105860,3571],{"class":95},[31,105862,99],{"class":41},[31,105864,3027],{"class":95},[31,105866,99],{"class":41},[31,105868,3027],{"class":95},[31,105870,99],{"class":41},[31,105872,3027],{"class":95},[31,105874,59],{"class":41},[31,105876,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885,105887],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105878,1522],{"class":37},[31,105880,89],{"class":88},[31,105882,16231],{"class":1561},[31,105884,137],{"class":41},[31,105886,141],{"class":140},[31,105888,120],{"class":41},[31,105890,105891],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105892,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,105894,105895,105897,105899,105901],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,105896,134],{"class":133},[31,105898,137],{"class":41},[31,105900,1550],{"class":140},[31,105902,120],{"class":41},[14,105904,358],{},[21,105906,105907],{"className":23,"code":97194,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,105908,105909],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105910,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105912,9869],{"class":41},[31,105914,146],{"class":95},[31,105916,99],{"class":41},[31,105918,3571],{"class":95},[31,105920,99],{"class":41},[31,105922,3027],{"class":95},[31,105924,9900],{"class":41},[14,105926,105927,105928,70],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[264,105929,99665],{"href":105930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[613,105932,105934],{"id":105933},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[21,105936,105938],{"className":23,"code":105937,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,105939,105940,105964,105978,105982],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,105941,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,105943,4402],{"class":37},[31,105945,89],{"class":88},[31,105947,92],{"class":41},[31,105949,559],{"class":95},[31,105951,99],{"class":41},[31,105953,5187],{"class":95},[31,105955,99],{"class":41},[31,105957,1026],{"class":95},[31,105959,99],{"class":41},[31,105961,38541],{"class":95},[31,105963,120],{"class":41},[31,105965,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,105967,1522],{"class":37},[31,105969,89],{"class":88},[31,105971,16231],{"class":1561},[31,105973,137],{"class":41},[31,105975,5942],{"class":140},[31,105977,120],{"class":41},[31,105979,105980],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,105981,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,105983,105984,105986,105988,105990],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,105985,134],{"class":133},[31,105987,137],{"class":41},[31,105989,1550],{"class":140},[31,105991,120],{"class":41},[14,105993,358],{},[21,105995,105997],{"className":23,"code":105996,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[28,105998,105999],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106000,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106002,9869],{"class":41},[31,106004,559],{"class":95},[31,106006,99],{"class":41},[31,106008,1026],{"class":95},[31,106010,99],{"class":41},[31,106012,38541],{"class":95},[31,106014,9900],{"class":41},[613,106016,106018],{"id":106017},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,106020,51735,106021,106023],{},[28,106022,4376],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[21,106025,106027],{"className":23,"code":106026,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,106028,106029,106041,106055,106059],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106030,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106032,35292],{"class":37},[31,106034,89],{"class":88},[31,106036,271],{"class":259},[31,106038,4669],{"class":263},[31,106040,3934],{"class":259},[31,106042,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106044,1522],{"class":37},[31,106046,89],{"class":88},[31,106048,16231],{"class":1561},[31,106050,137],{"class":41},[31,106052,35313],{"class":140},[31,106054,120],{"class":41},[31,106056,106057],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,106058,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,106060,106061,106063,106065,106067],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,106062,134],{"class":133},[31,106064,137],{"class":41},[31,106066,1550],{"class":140},[31,106068,120],{"class":41},[14,106070,30632],{},[21,106072,106074],{"className":23,"code":106073,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[28,106075,106076],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106077,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106079,9869],{"class":41},[31,106081,370],{"class":259},[31,106083,274],{"class":263},[31,106085,370],{"class":259},[31,106087,99],{"class":41},[31,106089,379],{"class":259},[31,106091,264],{"class":263},[31,106093,370],{"class":259},[31,106095,99],{"class":41},[31,106097,379],{"class":259},[31,106099,619],{"class":263},[31,106101,370],{"class":259},[31,106103,9900],{"class":41},[14,106105,106106],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[613,106108,106110],{"id":106109},"from-range","From range()",[21,106112,106114],{"className":23,"code":106113,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[28,106115,106116,106134],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106117,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106119,1522],{"class":37},[31,106121,89],{"class":88},[31,106123,16231],{"class":1561},[31,106125,137],{"class":41},[31,106127,60608],{"class":133},[31,106129,137],{"class":41},[31,106131,559],{"class":95},[31,106133,1569],{"class":41},[31,106135,106136,106138,106140,106142],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106137,134],{"class":133},[31,106139,137],{"class":41},[31,106141,1550],{"class":140},[31,106143,120],{"class":41},[14,106145,358],{},[21,106147,106149],{"className":23,"code":106148,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,106150,106151],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106152,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106154,9869],{"class":41},[31,106156,1243],{"class":95},[31,106158,99],{"class":41},[31,106160,6082],{"class":95},[31,106162,99],{"class":41},[31,106164,3571],{"class":95},[31,106166,99],{"class":41},[31,106168,3027],{"class":95},[31,106170,99],{"class":41},[31,106172,3033],{"class":95},[31,106174,9900],{"class":41},[72,106176,106178],{"id":106177},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,106180,100112,106181,70],{},[67,106182,96958],{},[14,106184,106185],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,106187,100118],{},[228,106189,106190,106194,106198,106202],{},[231,106191,106192],{},[28,106193,2765],{},[231,106195,106196],{},[28,106197,4019],{},[231,106199,106200],{},[28,106201,2769],{},[231,106203,106204,106206],{},[28,106205,38],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,106208,242],{},[21,106210,106212],{"className":23,"code":106211,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[28,106213,106214,106245],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106215,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106217,8368],{"class":37},[31,106219,89],{"class":88},[31,106221,11082],{"class":41},[31,106223,146],{"class":95},[31,106225,99],{"class":41},[31,106227,271],{"class":259},[31,106229,4425],{"class":263},[31,106231,260],{"class":259},[31,106233,99],{"class":41},[31,106235,92],{"class":41},[31,106237,96],{"class":95},[31,106239,99],{"class":41},[31,106241,102],{"class":95},[31,106243,106244],{"class":41},")}\n",[31,106246,106247,106249,106251,106253],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106248,134],{"class":133},[31,106250,137],{"class":41},[31,106252,8397],{"class":140},[31,106254,120],{"class":41},[14,106256,100180,106257,106259],{},[67,106258,5213],{}," work inside a set:",[228,106261,106262,106266,106270],{},[231,106263,106264],{},[28,106265,8682],{},[231,106267,106268],{},[28,106269,9412],{},[231,106271,106272],{},[28,106273,6871],{},[14,106275,97683],{},[21,106277,106279],{"className":23,"code":106278,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[28,106280,106281],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106282,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106284,100199],{"class":37},[31,106286,89],{"class":88},[31,106288,100204],{"class":41},[31,106290,146],{"class":95},[31,106292,99],{"class":41},[31,106294,3571],{"class":95},[31,106296,18661],{"class":41},[31,106298,4200],{"class":41},[31,106300,173],{"class":95},[31,106302,99],{"class":41},[31,106304,3033],{"class":95},[31,106306,14303],{"class":41},[14,106308,77446,106309,106311],{},[28,106310,3583],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,106313,106314],{},"A safer example:",[21,106316,106318],{"className":23,"code":106317,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[28,106319,106320,106348],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106321,106322,106325,106327,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344,106346],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106323,106324],{"class":37},"good_set ",[31,106326,89],{"class":88},[31,106328,106329],{"class":41}," {(",[31,106331,146],{"class":95},[31,106333,99],{"class":41},[31,106335,3571],{"class":95},[31,106337,9825],{"class":41},[31,106339,92],{"class":41},[31,106341,173],{"class":95},[31,106343,99],{"class":41},[31,106345,3033],{"class":95},[31,106347,106244],{"class":41},[31,106349,106350,106352,106354,106357],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106351,134],{"class":133},[31,106353,137],{"class":41},[31,106355,106356],{"class":140},"good_set",[31,106358,120],{"class":41},[14,106360,358],{},[21,106362,106364],{"className":23,"code":106363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[28,106365,106366],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106367,106368,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106369,106370],{"class":41},"{(",[31,106372,146],{"class":95},[31,106374,99],{"class":41},[31,106376,3571],{"class":95},[31,106378,9825],{"class":41},[31,106380,92],{"class":41},[31,106382,173],{"class":95},[31,106384,99],{"class":41},[31,106386,3033],{"class":95},[31,106388,106244],{"class":41},[72,106390,106392],{"id":106391},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,106394,2668,106395,11193],{},[28,106396,4376],{},[228,106398,106399,106402,106407,106410],{},[231,106400,106401],{},"you need unique values only",[231,106403,106404,106405],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[28,106406,4464],{},[231,106408,106409],{},"order does not matter",[231,106411,106412],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,106414,106415],{},"Example of membership checking:",[21,106417,106419],{"className":23,"code":106418,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[28,106420,106421,106446,106450,106466],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106422,106423,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436,106439,106441,106444],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106424,106425],{"class":37},"allowed_ids ",[31,106427,89],{"class":88},[31,106429,16231],{"class":1561},[31,106431,3564],{"class":41},[31,106433,47200],{"class":95},[31,106435,99],{"class":41},[31,106437,106438],{"class":95}," 102",[31,106440,99],{"class":41},[31,106442,106443],{"class":95}," 103",[31,106445,566],{"class":41},[31,106447,106448],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106449,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,106451,106452,106454,106456,106459,106461,106464],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,106453,134],{"class":133},[31,106455,137],{"class":41},[31,106457,106458],{"class":95},"102",[31,106460,21772],{"class":4457},[31,106462,106463],{"class":140}," allowed_ids",[31,106465,120],{"class":41},[31,106467,106468,106470,106472,106475,106477,106479],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,106469,134],{"class":133},[31,106471,137],{"class":41},[31,106473,106474],{"class":95},"999",[31,106476,21772],{"class":4457},[31,106478,106463],{"class":140},[31,106480,120],{"class":41},[14,106482,358],{},[21,106484,106485],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,106486,106487,106491],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106488,106489],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106490,4560],{"class":4432},[31,106492,106493],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106494,4621],{"class":4432},[14,106496,106497],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[72,106499,106501],{"id":106500},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,106503,106504],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[613,106506,2668,106508,98809],{"id":106507},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[28,106509,4376],{},[21,106511,106512],{"className":23,"code":98870,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,106513,106514,106524],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106515,106516,106518,106520,106522],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106517,98877],{"class":37},[31,106519,89],{"class":88},[31,106521,16231],{"class":1561},[31,106523,1772],{"class":41},[31,106525,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106527,134],{"class":133},[31,106529,137],{"class":41},[31,106531,1562],{"class":1561},[31,106533,137],{"class":41},[31,106535,98896],{"class":140},[31,106537,1569],{"class":41},[14,106539,358],{},[21,106541,106542],{"className":23,"code":9443,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,106543,106544],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106545,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106547,1593],{"class":88},[31,106549,1597],{"class":1596},[31,106551,379],{"class":259},[31,106553,6871],{"class":263},[31,106555,370],{"class":259},[31,106557,1606],{"class":88},[613,106559,2668,106561,106563],{"id":106560},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[28,106562,100869],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[21,106565,106567],{"className":23,"code":106566,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[28,106568,106569,106589],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106570,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106572,85],{"class":37},[31,106574,89],{"class":88},[31,106576,11082],{"class":41},[31,106578,146],{"class":95},[31,106580,99],{"class":41},[31,106582,3571],{"class":95},[31,106584,99],{"class":41},[31,106586,3027],{"class":95},[31,106588,9900],{"class":41},[31,106590,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106592,134],{"class":133},[31,106594,137],{"class":41},[31,106596,1562],{"class":1561},[31,106598,137],{"class":41},[31,106600,141],{"class":140},[31,106602,1569],{"class":41},[14,106604,358],{},[21,106606,106607],{"className":23,"code":9443,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,106608,106609],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106610,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619,106621],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106612,1593],{"class":88},[31,106614,1597],{"class":1596},[31,106616,379],{"class":259},[31,106618,6871],{"class":263},[31,106620,370],{"class":259},[31,106622,1606],{"class":88},[613,106624,2668,106626,106628],{"id":106625},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[28,106627,4371],{}," for an empty dictionary",[21,106630,106632],{"className":23,"code":106631,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[28,106633,106634,106643],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106635,106636,106639,106641],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106637,106638],{"class":37},"empty_dict ",[31,106640,89],{"class":88},[31,106642,10429],{"class":41},[31,106644,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653,106656],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106646,134],{"class":133},[31,106648,137],{"class":41},[31,106650,1562],{"class":1561},[31,106652,137],{"class":41},[31,106654,106655],{"class":140},"empty_dict",[31,106657,1569],{"class":41},[14,106659,358],{},[21,106661,106662],{"className":23,"code":9399,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,106663,106664],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106665,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106667,1593],{"class":88},[31,106669,1597],{"class":1596},[31,106671,379],{"class":259},[31,106673,9412],{"class":263},[31,106675,370],{"class":259},[31,106677,1606],{"class":88},[14,106679,106680],{},"So the rule is simple:",[228,106682,106683,106688,106693],{},[231,106684,106685,106687],{},[28,106686,4376],{}," → empty set",[231,106689,106690,106692],{},[28,106691,100869],{}," → non-empty set",[231,106694,106695,106697],{},[28,106696,4371],{}," → empty dictionary",[72,106699,3407],{"id":3406},[14,106701,106702,106703,70],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[28,106704,4376],{},[613,106706,9007,106707,100467],{"id":100464},[28,106708,4371],{},[14,106710,106711],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[21,106713,106714],{"className":23,"code":100473,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,106715,106716,106724],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106717,106718,106720,106722],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106719,3022],{"class":37},[31,106721,89],{"class":88},[31,106723,10429],{"class":41},[31,106725,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106727,134],{"class":133},[31,106729,137],{"class":41},[31,106731,1562],{"class":1561},[31,106733,137],{"class":41},[31,106735,3049],{"class":140},[31,106737,1569],{"class":41},[613,106739,106741,106742],{"id":106740},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[28,106743,106744],{},"set(5)",[14,106746,106747,106749],{},[28,106748,4376],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[21,106751,106753],{"className":23,"code":106752,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set(5)\n",[28,106754,106755],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106756,106757,106759,106761,106763],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106758,6871],{"class":1561},[31,106760,137],{"class":41},[31,106762,559],{"class":95},[31,106764,120],{"class":41},[14,106766,3580,106767,106769,106770,70],{},[28,106768,3583],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[264,106771,106773],{"href":106772},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[613,106775,106777],{"id":106776},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106779,106780],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[21,106782,106784],{"className":23,"code":106783,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[28,106785,106786],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106787,106788,106790,106792,106794,106796,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106789,3022],{"class":37},[31,106791,89],{"class":88},[31,106793,100204],{"class":41},[31,106795,146],{"class":95},[31,106797,99],{"class":41},[31,106799,3571],{"class":95},[31,106801,18661],{"class":41},[31,106803,4200],{"class":41},[31,106805,173],{"class":95},[31,106807,99],{"class":41},[31,106809,3033],{"class":95},[31,106811,14303],{"class":41},[613,106813,9043,106815,106817],{"id":106814},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[28,106816,4376],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106819,106820],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[613,106822,37808,106824,9295,106826,3456,106828],{"id":106823},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[28,106825,4376],{},[28,106827,25381],{},[28,106829,9711],{},[14,106831,106832],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[72,106834,61318],{"id":61317},[14,106836,11706],{},[21,106838,106840],{"className":23,"code":106839,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[28,106841,106842,106857,106867,106881],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106843,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106855],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106845,134],{"class":133},[31,106847,137],{"class":41},[31,106849,1562],{"class":1561},[31,106851,137],{"class":41},[31,106853,106854],{"class":140},"my_value",[31,106856,1569],{"class":41},[31,106858,106859,106861,106863,106865],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,106860,134],{"class":133},[31,106862,137],{"class":41},[31,106864,106854],{"class":140},[31,106866,120],{"class":41},[31,106868,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,106870,134],{"class":133},[31,106872,137],{"class":41},[31,106874,8682],{"class":1561},[31,106876,137],{"class":41},[31,106878,16264],{"class":140},[31,106880,1569],{"class":41},[31,106882,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,106884,134],{"class":133},[31,106886,137],{"class":41},[31,106888,2408],{"class":133},[31,106890,137],{"class":41},[31,106892,16264],{"class":140},[31,106894,1569],{"class":41},[14,106896,106897],{},"What they help you see:",[228,106899,106900,106906,106911,106917],{},[231,106901,106902,106905],{},[28,106903,106904],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[231,106907,106908,91133],{},[28,106909,106910],{},"print(my_value)",[231,106912,106913,106916],{},[28,106914,106915],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[231,106918,106919,106922],{},[28,106920,106921],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[72,106924,2435],{"id":2434},[613,106926,106928],{"id":106927},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106930,106931],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[613,106933,106935],{"id":106934},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106937,2668,106938,106940,106941,106943],{},[28,106939,4376],{},". Do not use ",[28,106942,4371],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[613,106945,106947],{"id":106946},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106949,106950],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[613,106952,106954],{"id":106953},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106956,106957],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106959,242],{},[21,106961,106963],{"className":23,"code":106962,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[28,106964,106965],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106966,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106968,134],{"class":133},[31,106970,137],{"class":41},[31,106972,6871],{"class":1561},[31,106974,137],{"class":41},[31,106976,260],{"class":259},[31,106978,4660],{"class":263},[31,106980,260],{"class":259},[31,106982,1569],{"class":41},[14,106984,30632],{},[21,106986,106988],{"className":23,"code":106987,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[28,106989,106990],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,106991,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,106993,9869],{"class":41},[31,106995,370],{"class":259},[31,106997,264],{"class":263},[31,106999,370],{"class":259},[31,107001,99],{"class":41},[31,107003,379],{"class":259},[31,107005,14],{"class":263},[31,107007,370],{"class":259},[31,107009,99],{"class":41},[31,107011,379],{"class":259},[31,107013,61065],{"class":263},[31,107015,370],{"class":259},[31,107017,99],{"class":41},[31,107019,379],{"class":259},[31,107021,301],{"class":263},[31,107023,370],{"class":259},[31,107025,9900],{"class":41},[613,107027,5740,107029,107032],{"id":107028},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[28,107030,107031],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,107034,107035,29287,107037,107040],{},[28,107036,4376],{},[67,107038,107039],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,107042,107043],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[21,107045,107047],{"className":23,"code":107046,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[28,107048,107049],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107050,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107052,134],{"class":133},[31,107054,137],{"class":41},[31,107056,6871],{"class":1561},[31,107058,3564],{"class":41},[31,107060,146],{"class":95},[31,107062,99],{"class":41},[31,107064,3571],{"class":95},[31,107066,99],{"class":41},[31,107068,3027],{"class":95},[31,107070,99],{"class":41},[31,107072,3033],{"class":95},[31,107074,2399],{"class":41},[72,107076,2475],{"id":2474},[228,107078,107079,107083,107087,107091,107095],{},[231,107080,107081],{},[264,107082,96915],{"href":96914},[231,107084,107085],{},[264,107086,105079],{"href":96918},[231,107088,107089],{},[264,107090,100931],{"href":105930},[231,107092,107093],{},[264,107094,105637],{"href":65456},[231,107096,107097],{},[264,107098,106773],{"href":106772},[2499,107100,107101],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":107103},[107104,107105,107106,107107,107108,107114,107115,107116,107124,107134,107135,107143],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":105255,"depth":123,"text":105256},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":105640,"depth":123,"text":105641},{"id":105827,"depth":123,"text":105828,"children":107109},[107110,107111,107112,107113],{"id":105831,"depth":130,"text":105832},{"id":105933,"depth":130,"text":105934},{"id":106017,"depth":130,"text":106018},{"id":106109,"depth":130,"text":106110},{"id":106177,"depth":123,"text":106178},{"id":106391,"depth":123,"text":106392},{"id":106500,"depth":123,"text":106501,"children":107117},[107118,107120,107122],{"id":106507,"depth":130,"text":107119},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106560,"depth":130,"text":107121},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106625,"depth":130,"text":107123},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":107125},[107126,107127,107129,107130,107132],{"id":100464,"depth":130,"text":100972},{"id":106740,"depth":130,"text":107128},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106776,"depth":130,"text":106777},{"id":106814,"depth":130,"text":107131},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106823,"depth":130,"text":107133},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61317,"depth":123,"text":61318},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":107136},[107137,107138,107139,107140,107141],{"id":106927,"depth":130,"text":106928},{"id":106934,"depth":130,"text":106935},{"id":106946,"depth":130,"text":106947},{"id":106953,"depth":130,"text":106954},{"id":107028,"depth":130,"text":107142},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":105137,"description":107144},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107151,"title":107152,"body":107153,"description":108668,"extension":2542,"meta":108669,"navigation":126,"path":108670,"seo":108671,"stem":108672,"__hash__":108673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107154,"toc":108644},[107155,107161,107166,107169,107252,107257,107262,107267,107269,107282,107286,107288,107307,107310,107333,107336,107347,107349,107430,107432,107449,107451,107457,107460,107555,107557,107588,107590,107598,107600,107603,107714,107716,107741,107743,107765,107770,107775,107781,107890,107892,107908,107911,107914,107997,107999,108016,108024,108026,108030,108036,108127,108129,108162,108167,108174,108251,108253,108270,108276,108278,108282,108298,108301,108327,108329,108390,108392,108515,108517,108568,108574,108576,108581,108583,108589,108592,108596,108599,108603,108606,108616,108618,108641],[10,107156,4152,107158,11914],{"id":107157},"python-setintersection-method",[28,107159,107160],{},"set.intersection()",[14,107162,62,107163,107165],{},[28,107164,107160],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,107167,107168],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[21,107170,107172],{"className":23,"code":107171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[28,107173,107174,107194,107214,107218,107237,107247],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107175,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107177,3130],{"class":37},[31,107179,89],{"class":88},[31,107181,11082],{"class":41},[31,107183,146],{"class":95},[31,107185,99],{"class":41},[31,107187,3571],{"class":95},[31,107189,99],{"class":41},[31,107191,3027],{"class":95},[31,107193,9900],{"class":41},[31,107195,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107197,3158],{"class":37},[31,107199,89],{"class":88},[31,107201,11082],{"class":41},[31,107203,193],{"class":95},[31,107205,99],{"class":41},[31,107207,3027],{"class":95},[31,107209,99],{"class":41},[31,107211,3033],{"class":95},[31,107213,9900],{"class":41},[31,107215,107216],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,107217,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107219,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107231,107233,107235],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,107221,1522],{"class":37},[31,107223,89],{"class":88},[31,107225,57496],{"class":37},[31,107227,70],{"class":41},[31,107229,107230],{"class":140},"intersection",[31,107232,137],{"class":41},[31,107234,274],{"class":140},[31,107236,120],{"class":41},[31,107238,107239,107241,107243,107245],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,107240,134],{"class":133},[31,107242,137],{"class":41},[31,107244,1550],{"class":140},[31,107246,120],{"class":41},[31,107248,107249],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,107250,107251],{"class":157},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,107253,2668,107254,107256],{},[28,107255,103378],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[72,107258,13592,107260,13595],{"id":107259},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[28,107261,103378],{},[14,107263,107264,107266],{},[28,107265,103378],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,107268,13648],{},[228,107270,107271,107274,107276,107279],{},[231,107272,107273],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[231,107275,101148],{},[231,107277,107278],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[231,107280,107281],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,107283,96911,107284,70],{},[264,107285,96915],{"href":96914},[72,107287,2733],{"id":2732},[21,107289,107291],{"className":23,"code":107290,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[28,107292,107293],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107296,101172],{"class":37},[31,107298,70],{"class":41},[31,107300,107230],{"class":140},[31,107302,137],{"class":41},[31,107304,101181],{"class":140},[31,107306,120],{"class":41},[14,107308,107309],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[21,107311,107313],{"className":23,"code":107312,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[28,107314,107315],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107316,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107318,101172],{"class":37},[31,107320,70],{"class":41},[31,107322,107230],{"class":140},[31,107324,137],{"class":41},[31,107326,101181],{"class":140},[31,107328,99],{"class":41},[31,107330,101208],{"class":140},[31,107332,120],{"class":41},[14,107334,107335],{},"Important notes:",[228,107337,107338,107341,107344],{},[231,107339,107340],{},"The result is always a new set",[231,107342,107343],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[231,107345,107346],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,107348,242],{},[21,107350,107352],{"className":23,"code":107351,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[28,107353,107354,107378,107398,107402,107420],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107355,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107357,3130],{"class":37},[31,107359,89],{"class":88},[31,107361,11082],{"class":41},[31,107363,146],{"class":95},[31,107365,99],{"class":41},[31,107367,3571],{"class":95},[31,107369,99],{"class":41},[31,107371,3027],{"class":95},[31,107373,99],{"class":41},[31,107375,3033],{"class":95},[31,107377,9900],{"class":41},[31,107379,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107381,3158],{"class":37},[31,107383,89],{"class":88},[31,107385,11082],{"class":41},[31,107387,173],{"class":95},[31,107389,99],{"class":41},[31,107391,3033],{"class":95},[31,107393,99],{"class":41},[31,107395,5187],{"class":95},[31,107397,9900],{"class":41},[31,107399,107400],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,107401,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107403,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,107405,1522],{"class":37},[31,107407,89],{"class":88},[31,107409,57496],{"class":37},[31,107411,70],{"class":41},[31,107413,107230],{"class":140},[31,107415,137],{"class":41},[31,107417,274],{"class":140},[31,107419,120],{"class":41},[31,107421,107422,107424,107426,107428],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,107423,134],{"class":133},[31,107425,137],{"class":41},[31,107427,1550],{"class":140},[31,107429,120],{"class":41},[14,107431,358],{},[21,107433,107435],{"className":23,"code":107434,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{3, 4}\n",[28,107436,107437],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107438,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107440,9869],{"class":41},[31,107442,173],{"class":95},[31,107444,99],{"class":41},[31,107446,3033],{"class":95},[31,107448,9900],{"class":41},[72,107450,18017],{"id":18016},[14,107452,107453,22574,107455,70],{},[28,107454,103378],{},[67,107456,6871],{},[14,107458,107459],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[21,107461,107463],{"className":23,"code":107462,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,107464,107465,107485,107505,107509,107527,107531,107541],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107466,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481,107483],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107468,3130],{"class":37},[31,107470,89],{"class":88},[31,107472,11082],{"class":41},[31,107474,146],{"class":95},[31,107476,99],{"class":41},[31,107478,3571],{"class":95},[31,107480,99],{"class":41},[31,107482,3027],{"class":95},[31,107484,9900],{"class":41},[31,107486,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107488,3158],{"class":37},[31,107490,89],{"class":88},[31,107492,11082],{"class":41},[31,107494,193],{"class":95},[31,107496,99],{"class":41},[31,107498,3027],{"class":95},[31,107500,99],{"class":41},[31,107502,3033],{"class":95},[31,107504,9900],{"class":41},[31,107506,107507],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,107508,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107510,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,107512,1522],{"class":37},[31,107514,89],{"class":88},[31,107516,57496],{"class":37},[31,107518,70],{"class":41},[31,107520,107230],{"class":140},[31,107522,137],{"class":41},[31,107524,274],{"class":140},[31,107526,120],{"class":41},[31,107528,107529],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,107530,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107532,107533,107535,107537,107539],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,107534,134],{"class":133},[31,107536,137],{"class":41},[31,107538,1550],{"class":140},[31,107540,120],{"class":41},[31,107542,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,107544,134],{"class":133},[31,107546,137],{"class":41},[31,107548,1562],{"class":1561},[31,107550,137],{"class":41},[31,107552,1550],{"class":140},[31,107554,1569],{"class":41},[14,107556,358],{},[21,107558,107560],{"className":23,"code":107559,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[28,107561,107562,107574],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107565,9869],{"class":41},[31,107567,193],{"class":95},[31,107569,99],{"class":41},[31,107571,3027],{"class":95},[31,107573,9900],{"class":41},[31,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107577,1593],{"class":88},[31,107579,1597],{"class":1596},[31,107581,379],{"class":259},[31,107583,6871],{"class":263},[31,107585,370],{"class":259},[31,107587,1606],{"class":88},[14,107589,86396],{},[228,107591,107592,107595],{},[231,107593,107594],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[231,107596,107597],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[72,107599,12068],{"id":12067},[14,107601,107602],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[21,107604,107606],{"className":23,"code":107605,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[28,107607,107608,107641,107674,107678,107699,107703],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107609,107610,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107611,107612],{"class":37},"colors1 ",[31,107614,89],{"class":88},[31,107616,11082],{"class":41},[31,107618,260],{"class":259},[31,107620,13689],{"class":263},[31,107622,260],{"class":259},[31,107624,99],{"class":41},[31,107626,271],{"class":259},[31,107628,13706],{"class":263},[31,107630,260],{"class":259},[31,107632,99],{"class":41},[31,107634,271],{"class":259},[31,107636,18054],{"class":263},[31,107638,260],{"class":259},[31,107640,9900],{"class":41},[31,107642,107643,107646,107648,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107644,107645],{"class":37},"colors2 ",[31,107647,89],{"class":88},[31,107649,11082],{"class":41},[31,107651,260],{"class":259},[31,107653,18054],{"class":263},[31,107655,260],{"class":259},[31,107657,99],{"class":41},[31,107659,271],{"class":259},[31,107661,23123],{"class":263},[31,107663,260],{"class":259},[31,107665,99],{"class":41},[31,107667,271],{"class":259},[31,107669,13706],{"class":263},[31,107671,260],{"class":259},[31,107673,9900],{"class":41},[31,107675,107676],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,107677,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107679,107680,107683,107685,107688,107690,107692,107694,107697],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,107681,107682],{"class":37},"common_colors ",[31,107684,89],{"class":88},[31,107686,107687],{"class":37}," colors1",[31,107689,70],{"class":41},[31,107691,107230],{"class":140},[31,107693,137],{"class":41},[31,107695,107696],{"class":140},"colors2",[31,107698,120],{"class":41},[31,107700,107701],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,107702,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107704,107705,107707,107709,107712],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,107706,134],{"class":133},[31,107708,137],{"class":41},[31,107710,107711],{"class":140},"common_colors",[31,107713,120],{"class":41},[14,107715,358],{},[21,107717,107719],{"className":23,"code":107718,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[28,107720,107721],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107722,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107724,9869],{"class":41},[31,107726,370],{"class":259},[31,107728,13706],{"class":263},[31,107730,370],{"class":259},[31,107732,99],{"class":41},[31,107734,379],{"class":259},[31,107736,18054],{"class":263},[31,107738,370],{"class":259},[31,107740,9900],{"class":41},[14,107742,12277],{},[228,107744,107745,107751,107755,107760],{},[231,107746,107747,107750],{},[28,107748,107749],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[231,107752,107753,107750],{},[28,107754,107696],{},[231,107756,107757,107759],{},[28,107758,103378],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[231,107761,107762,107763],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[28,107764,107711],{},[72,107766,9007,107768,101745],{"id":107767},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[28,107769,103378],{},[14,107771,107772,107773,70],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[28,107774,103378],{},[14,107776,107777,107778,107780],{},"Only the values found in ",[67,107779,4294],{}," inputs will be kept.",[21,107782,107784],{"className":23,"code":107783,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[28,107785,107786,107810,107834,107854,107858,107880],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107787,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107789,3130],{"class":37},[31,107791,89],{"class":88},[31,107793,11082],{"class":41},[31,107795,146],{"class":95},[31,107797,99],{"class":41},[31,107799,3571],{"class":95},[31,107801,99],{"class":41},[31,107803,3027],{"class":95},[31,107805,99],{"class":41},[31,107807,3033],{"class":95},[31,107809,9900],{"class":41},[31,107811,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107813,3158],{"class":37},[31,107815,89],{"class":88},[31,107817,11082],{"class":41},[31,107819,193],{"class":95},[31,107821,99],{"class":41},[31,107823,3027],{"class":95},[31,107825,99],{"class":41},[31,107827,3033],{"class":95},[31,107829,99],{"class":41},[31,107831,5187],{"class":95},[31,107833,9900],{"class":41},[31,107835,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846,107848,107850,107852],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,107837,83770],{"class":37},[31,107839,89],{"class":88},[31,107841,11082],{"class":41},[31,107843,173],{"class":95},[31,107845,99],{"class":41},[31,107847,3033],{"class":95},[31,107849,99],{"class":41},[31,107851,38248],{"class":95},[31,107853,9900],{"class":41},[31,107855,107856],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,107857,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107859,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,107861,1522],{"class":37},[31,107863,89],{"class":88},[31,107865,57496],{"class":37},[31,107867,70],{"class":41},[31,107869,107230],{"class":140},[31,107871,137],{"class":41},[31,107873,274],{"class":140},[31,107875,99],{"class":41},[31,107877,10273],{"class":140},[31,107879,120],{"class":41},[31,107881,107882,107884,107886,107888],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,107883,134],{"class":133},[31,107885,137],{"class":41},[31,107887,1550],{"class":140},[31,107889,120],{"class":41},[14,107891,358],{},[21,107893,107894],{"className":23,"code":107434,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,107895,107896],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107897,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107899,9869],{"class":41},[31,107901,173],{"class":95},[31,107903,99],{"class":41},[31,107905,3033],{"class":95},[31,107907,9900],{"class":41},[14,107909,107910],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107912,107913],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[21,107915,107917],{"className":23,"code":107916,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[28,107918,107919,107943,107947,107987],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,107920,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,107922,3130],{"class":37},[31,107924,89],{"class":88},[31,107926,11082],{"class":41},[31,107928,146],{"class":95},[31,107930,99],{"class":41},[31,107932,3571],{"class":95},[31,107934,99],{"class":41},[31,107936,3027],{"class":95},[31,107938,99],{"class":41},[31,107940,3033],{"class":95},[31,107942,9900],{"class":41},[31,107944,107945],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,107946,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,107948,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,107950,1522],{"class":37},[31,107952,89],{"class":88},[31,107954,57496],{"class":37},[31,107956,70],{"class":41},[31,107958,107230],{"class":140},[31,107960,3564],{"class":41},[31,107962,193],{"class":95},[31,107964,99],{"class":41},[31,107966,3033],{"class":95},[31,107968,99],{"class":41},[31,107970,38248],{"class":95},[31,107972,18661],{"class":41},[31,107974,92],{"class":41},[31,107976,146],{"class":95},[31,107978,99],{"class":41},[31,107980,3571],{"class":95},[31,107982,99],{"class":41},[31,107984,3033],{"class":95},[31,107986,1569],{"class":41},[31,107988,107989,107991,107993,107995],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,107990,134],{"class":133},[31,107992,137],{"class":41},[31,107994,1550],{"class":140},[31,107996,120],{"class":41},[14,107998,358],{},[21,108000,108002],{"className":23,"code":108001,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{2, 4}\n",[28,108003,108004],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108005,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108007,9869],{"class":41},[31,108009,193],{"class":95},[31,108011,99],{"class":41},[31,108013,3033],{"class":95},[31,108015,9900],{"class":41},[72,108017,108019,11177,108021],{"id":108018},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[28,108020,103378],{},[28,108022,108023],{},"intersection_update()",[14,108025,101915],{},[613,108027,108028],{"id":107230},[28,108029,103378],{},[228,108031,108032,108034],{},[231,108033,101924],{},[231,108035,101927],{},[21,108037,108039],{"className":23,"code":108038,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[28,108040,108041,108061,108081,108085,108103,108107,108117],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108042,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108044,3130],{"class":37},[31,108046,89],{"class":88},[31,108048,11082],{"class":41},[31,108050,146],{"class":95},[31,108052,99],{"class":41},[31,108054,3571],{"class":95},[31,108056,99],{"class":41},[31,108058,3027],{"class":95},[31,108060,9900],{"class":41},[31,108062,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108064,3158],{"class":37},[31,108066,89],{"class":88},[31,108068,11082],{"class":41},[31,108070,193],{"class":95},[31,108072,99],{"class":41},[31,108074,3027],{"class":95},[31,108076,99],{"class":41},[31,108078,3033],{"class":95},[31,108080,9900],{"class":41},[31,108082,108083],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108084,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108086,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108088,1522],{"class":37},[31,108090,89],{"class":88},[31,108092,57496],{"class":37},[31,108094,70],{"class":41},[31,108096,107230],{"class":140},[31,108098,137],{"class":41},[31,108100,274],{"class":140},[31,108102,120],{"class":41},[31,108104,108105],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,108106,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108108,108109,108111,108113,108115],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,108110,134],{"class":133},[31,108112,137],{"class":41},[31,108114,264],{"class":140},[31,108116,120],{"class":41},[31,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,108120,134],{"class":133},[31,108122,137],{"class":41},[31,108124,1550],{"class":140},[31,108126,120],{"class":41},[14,108128,358],{},[21,108130,108132],{"className":23,"code":108131,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[28,108133,108134,108150],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108135,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108137,9869],{"class":41},[31,108139,146],{"class":95},[31,108141,99],{"class":41},[31,108143,3571],{"class":95},[31,108145,99],{"class":41},[31,108147,3027],{"class":95},[31,108149,9900],{"class":41},[31,108151,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108153,9869],{"class":41},[31,108155,193],{"class":95},[31,108157,99],{"class":41},[31,108159,3027],{"class":95},[31,108161,9900],{"class":41},[613,108163,108165],{"id":108164},"intersection_update",[28,108166,108023],{},[228,108168,108169,108171],{},[231,108170,102067],{},[231,108172,108173],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[21,108175,108177],{"className":23,"code":108176,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[28,108178,108179,108199,108219,108223,108237,108241],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108180,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108182,3130],{"class":37},[31,108184,89],{"class":88},[31,108186,11082],{"class":41},[31,108188,146],{"class":95},[31,108190,99],{"class":41},[31,108192,3571],{"class":95},[31,108194,99],{"class":41},[31,108196,3027],{"class":95},[31,108198,9900],{"class":41},[31,108200,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108202,3158],{"class":37},[31,108204,89],{"class":88},[31,108206,11082],{"class":41},[31,108208,193],{"class":95},[31,108210,99],{"class":41},[31,108212,3027],{"class":95},[31,108214,99],{"class":41},[31,108216,3033],{"class":95},[31,108218,9900],{"class":41},[31,108220,108221],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108222,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108224,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108226,264],{"class":37},[31,108228,70],{"class":41},[31,108230,108164],{"class":140},[31,108232,137],{"class":41},[31,108234,274],{"class":140},[31,108236,120],{"class":41},[31,108238,108239],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,108240,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108242,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,108244,134],{"class":133},[31,108246,137],{"class":41},[31,108248,264],{"class":140},[31,108250,120],{"class":41},[14,108252,358],{},[21,108254,108256],{"className":23,"code":108255,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{2, 3}\n",[28,108257,108258],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108259,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108261,9869],{"class":41},[31,108263,193],{"class":95},[31,108265,99],{"class":41},[31,108267,3027],{"class":95},[31,108269,9900],{"class":41},[14,108271,108272,108273,108275],{},"Choose ",[28,108274,103378],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[72,108277,5101],{"id":5100},[14,108279,15331,108280,48],{},[28,108281,103378],{},[228,108283,108284,108287,108290,108293],{},[231,108285,108286],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[231,108288,108289],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[231,108291,108292],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[231,108294,108295,108296],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[28,108297,103378],{},[14,108299,108300],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[228,108302,108303,108308,108311,108324],{},[231,108304,9007,108305,108307],{},[28,108306,103378],{}," when order matters",[231,108309,108310],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[231,108312,37808,108313,9295,108315,3456,108320],{},[28,108314,103378],{},[264,108316,108318],{"href":108317},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[28,108319,103386],{},[264,108321,108322],{"href":103427},[28,108323,101001],{},[231,108325,108326],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,108328,30738],{},[21,108330,108332],{"className":23,"code":108331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[28,108333,108334,108344,108358,108376],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108335,108336,108338,108340,108342],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108337,134],{"class":133},[31,108339,137],{"class":41},[31,108341,16264],{"class":140},[31,108343,120],{"class":41},[31,108345,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108347,134],{"class":133},[31,108349,137],{"class":41},[31,108351,1562],{"class":1561},[31,108353,137],{"class":41},[31,108355,1550],{"class":140},[31,108357,1569],{"class":41},[31,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108361,134],{"class":133},[31,108363,137],{"class":41},[31,108365,101172],{"class":140},[31,108367,70],{"class":41},[31,108369,107230],{"class":140},[31,108371,137],{"class":41},[31,108373,101181],{"class":140},[31,108375,1569],{"class":41},[31,108377,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108379,134],{"class":133},[31,108381,137],{"class":41},[31,108383,2408],{"class":133},[31,108385,137],{"class":41},[31,108387,1550],{"class":140},[31,108389,1569],{"class":41},[14,108391,242],{},[21,108393,108395],{"className":23,"code":108394,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[28,108396,108397,108421,108441,108445,108463,108467,108477,108487,108501],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108398,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108400,85],{"class":37},[31,108402,89],{"class":88},[31,108404,11082],{"class":41},[31,108406,146],{"class":95},[31,108408,99],{"class":41},[31,108410,3571],{"class":95},[31,108412,99],{"class":41},[31,108414,3571],{"class":95},[31,108416,99],{"class":41},[31,108418,3027],{"class":95},[31,108420,9900],{"class":41},[31,108422,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108424,44156],{"class":37},[31,108426,89],{"class":88},[31,108428,11082],{"class":41},[31,108430,193],{"class":95},[31,108432,99],{"class":41},[31,108434,3027],{"class":95},[31,108436,99],{"class":41},[31,108438,3033],{"class":95},[31,108440,9900],{"class":41},[31,108442,108443],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108444,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108446,108447,108449,108451,108453,108455,108457,108459,108461],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108448,1522],{"class":37},[31,108450,89],{"class":88},[31,108452,1527],{"class":37},[31,108454,70],{"class":41},[31,108456,107230],{"class":140},[31,108458,137],{"class":41},[31,108460,31346],{"class":140},[31,108462,120],{"class":41},[31,108464,108465],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,108466,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108468,108469,108471,108473,108475],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,108470,134],{"class":133},[31,108472,137],{"class":41},[31,108474,141],{"class":140},[31,108476,120],{"class":41},[31,108478,108479,108481,108483,108485],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,108480,134],{"class":133},[31,108482,137],{"class":41},[31,108484,1550],{"class":140},[31,108486,120],{"class":41},[31,108488,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,108490,134],{"class":133},[31,108492,137],{"class":41},[31,108494,1562],{"class":1561},[31,108496,137],{"class":41},[31,108498,1550],{"class":140},[31,108500,1569],{"class":41},[31,108502,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,108504,134],{"class":133},[31,108506,137],{"class":41},[31,108508,2408],{"class":133},[31,108510,137],{"class":41},[31,108512,1550],{"class":140},[31,108514,1569],{"class":41},[14,108516,358],{},[21,108518,108520],{"className":23,"code":108519,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[28,108521,108522,108538,108550,108564],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108523,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108525,9869],{"class":41},[31,108527,146],{"class":95},[31,108529,99],{"class":41},[31,108531,3571],{"class":95},[31,108533,99],{"class":41},[31,108535,3027],{"class":95},[31,108537,9900],{"class":41},[31,108539,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108541,9869],{"class":41},[31,108543,193],{"class":95},[31,108545,99],{"class":41},[31,108547,3027],{"class":95},[31,108549,9900],{"class":41},[31,108551,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108553,1593],{"class":88},[31,108555,1597],{"class":1596},[31,108557,379],{"class":259},[31,108559,6871],{"class":263},[31,108561,370],{"class":259},[31,108563,1606],{"class":88},[31,108565,108566],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108567,17654],{"class":95},[14,108569,108570,108571,108573],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[28,108572,193],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[72,108575,2435],{"id":2434},[613,108577,13299,108579,103326],{"id":108578},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[28,108580,103378],{},[14,108582,103329],{},[613,108584,5752,108586,108588],{"id":108585},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[28,108587,103378],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108590,108591],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[613,108593,108595],{"id":108594},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108597,108598],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[613,108600,108602],{"id":108601},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108604,108605],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[21,108607,108608],{"className":23,"code":98045,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,108609,108610],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108611,108612,108614],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108613,6871],{"class":1561},[31,108615,1772],{"class":41},[72,108617,2475],{"id":2474},[228,108619,108620,108624,108631,108637],{},[231,108621,108622],{},[264,108623,96915],{"href":96914},[231,108625,108626],{},[264,108627,4152,108628,11333],{"href":108317},[28,108629,108630],{},"set.union()",[231,108632,108633],{},[264,108634,4152,108635,11333],{"href":103427},[28,108636,101006],{},[231,108638,108639],{},[264,108640,100931],{"href":105930},[2499,108642,108643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":108645},[108646,108648,108649,108650,108651,108653,108658,108659,108667],{"id":107259,"depth":123,"text":108647},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":107767,"depth":123,"text":108652},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":108018,"depth":123,"text":108654,"children":108655},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108656,108657],{"id":107230,"depth":130,"text":103378},{"id":108164,"depth":130,"text":108023},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":108660},[108661,108663,108665,108666],{"id":108578,"depth":130,"text":108662},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108585,"depth":130,"text":108664},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108594,"depth":130,"text":108595},{"id":108601,"depth":130,"text":108602},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107152,"description":108668},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108675,"title":108676,"body":108677,"description":109913,"extension":2542,"meta":109914,"navigation":126,"path":109915,"seo":109916,"stem":109917,"__hash__":109918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108678,"toc":109880},[108679,108684,108690,108699,108701,108776,108781,108796,108806,108811,108815,108828,108832,108834,108849,108851,108867,108869,108944,108948,108951,108953,108970,108975,109030,109035,109047,109051,109054,109155,109157,109198,109201,109205,109212,109214,109239,109242,109260,109267,109273,109276,109358,109365,109368,109448,109457,109460,109465,109469,109483,109532,109537,109541,109552,109601,109612,109617,109621,109633,109682,109693,109695,109699,109722,109724,109781,109783,109797,109799,109805,109811,109817,109826,109830,109837,109841,109849,109851,109877],[10,108680,96787,108682,11914],{"id":108681},"python-set-pop-method",[28,108683,13358],{},[14,108685,108686,108689],{},[28,108687,108688],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108691,108692,108693,108695,108696,108698],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[67,108694,5213],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[28,108697,13358],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[72,108700,75],{"id":74},[21,108702,108704],{"className":23,"code":108703,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[28,108705,108706,108738,108752,108756,108766],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108707,108708,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108709,8368],{"class":37},[31,108711,89],{"class":88},[31,108713,11082],{"class":41},[31,108715,260],{"class":259},[31,108717,4660],{"class":263},[31,108719,260],{"class":259},[31,108721,99],{"class":41},[31,108723,271],{"class":259},[31,108725,4669],{"class":263},[31,108727,260],{"class":259},[31,108729,99],{"class":41},[31,108731,271],{"class":259},[31,108733,4678],{"class":263},[31,108735,260],{"class":259},[31,108737,9900],{"class":41},[31,108739,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108741,70542],{"class":37},[31,108743,89],{"class":88},[31,108745,620],{"class":37},[31,108747,70],{"class":41},[31,108749,26842],{"class":140},[31,108751,1772],{"class":41},[31,108753,108754],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108755,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108757,108758,108760,108762,108764],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108759,134],{"class":133},[31,108761,137],{"class":41},[31,108763,70565],{"class":140},[31,108765,120],{"class":41},[31,108767,108768,108770,108772,108774],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,108769,134],{"class":133},[31,108771,137],{"class":41},[31,108773,8397],{"class":140},[31,108775,120],{"class":41},[14,108777,108778],{},[67,108779,108780],{},"What this does:",[228,108782,108783,108788,108793],{},[231,108784,108785,108786],{},"Removes one item from ",[28,108787,8397],{},[231,108789,108790,108791],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[28,108792,70565],{},[231,108794,108795],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108797,108798,89547,108800,108802,108803,108805],{},[67,108799,84405],{},[28,108801,108688],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[67,108804,5213],{}," chosen by index.",[72,108807,4255,108809,4258],{"id":108808},"what-setpop-does",[28,108810,108688],{},[14,108812,108813,48],{},[28,108814,108688],{},[228,108816,108817,108819,108822,108825],{},[231,108818,103629],{},[231,108820,108821],{},"Returns the removed item",[231,108823,108824],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[231,108826,108827],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108829,96911,108830,70],{},[264,108831,96915],{"href":98086},[72,108833,2733],{"id":2732},[21,108835,108837],{"className":23,"code":108836,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.pop()\n",[28,108838,108839],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108840,108841,108843,108845,108847],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108842,16264],{"class":37},[31,108844,70],{"class":41},[31,108846,26842],{"class":140},[31,108848,1772],{"class":41},[14,108850,13648],{},[228,108852,108853,108859,108864],{},[231,108854,108855,108856],{},"The syntax is ",[28,108857,108858],{},"my_set.pop()",[231,108860,108861,108862],{},"It takes ",[67,108863,29290],{},[231,108865,108866],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108868,242],{},[21,108870,108872],{"className":23,"code":108871,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[28,108873,108874,108906,108920,108924,108934],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108875,108876,108878,108880,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108877,13672],{"class":37},[31,108879,89],{"class":88},[31,108881,11082],{"class":41},[31,108883,260],{"class":259},[31,108885,13689],{"class":263},[31,108887,260],{"class":259},[31,108889,99],{"class":41},[31,108891,271],{"class":259},[31,108893,13706],{"class":263},[31,108895,260],{"class":259},[31,108897,99],{"class":41},[31,108899,271],{"class":259},[31,108901,18054],{"class":263},[31,108903,260],{"class":259},[31,108905,9900],{"class":41},[31,108907,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,108909,29140],{"class":37},[31,108911,89],{"class":88},[31,108913,13720],{"class":37},[31,108915,70],{"class":41},[31,108917,26842],{"class":140},[31,108919,1772],{"class":41},[31,108921,108922],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,108923,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,108925,108926,108928,108930,108932],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,108927,134],{"class":133},[31,108929,137],{"class":41},[31,108931,23910],{"class":140},[31,108933,120],{"class":41},[31,108935,108936,108938,108940,108942],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,108937,134],{"class":133},[31,108939,137],{"class":41},[31,108941,18101],{"class":140},[31,108943,120],{"class":41},[72,108945,108947],{"id":108946},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108949,108950],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108952,2683],{},[228,108954,108955,108961,108964],{},[231,108956,108957,108958,108960],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[28,108959,13358],{}," removes",[231,108962,108963],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[231,108965,108966,108967,108969],{},"You should not use ",[28,108968,13358],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108971,11052,108972,108974],{},[67,108973,5213],{}," valid:",[21,108976,108978],{"className":23,"code":108977,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[28,108979,108980,109012],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,108981,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,108983,36843],{"class":37},[31,108985,89],{"class":88},[31,108987,11082],{"class":41},[31,108989,260],{"class":259},[31,108991,4660],{"class":263},[31,108993,260],{"class":259},[31,108995,99],{"class":41},[31,108997,271],{"class":259},[31,108999,4669],{"class":263},[31,109001,260],{"class":259},[31,109003,99],{"class":41},[31,109005,271],{"class":259},[31,109007,4678],{"class":263},[31,109009,260],{"class":259},[31,109011,9900],{"class":41},[31,109013,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109015,36895],{"class":37},[31,109017,70],{"class":41},[31,109019,26842],{"class":140},[31,109021,137],{"class":41},[31,109023,260],{"class":259},[31,109025,4660],{"class":263},[31,109027,260],{"class":259},[31,109029,120],{"class":41},[14,109031,40259,109032,109034],{},[28,109033,108688],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,109036,109037,109038,3456,109042,70],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[264,109039,109040],{"href":98796},[28,109041,103455],{},[264,109043,109045],{"href":109044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[28,109046,103446],{},[72,109048,109050],{"id":109049},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,109052,109053],{},"Here is a simple example:",[21,109055,109057],{"className":23,"code":109056,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[28,109058,109059,109093,109097,109113,109117,109136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109060,109061,109064,109066,109068,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109089,109091],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109062,109063],{"class":37},"animals ",[31,109065,89],{"class":88},[31,109067,11082],{"class":41},[31,109069,260],{"class":259},[31,109071,37651],{"class":263},[31,109073,260],{"class":259},[31,109075,99],{"class":41},[31,109077,271],{"class":259},[31,109079,58736],{"class":263},[31,109081,260],{"class":259},[31,109083,99],{"class":41},[31,109085,271],{"class":259},[31,109087,109088],{"class":263},"rabbit",[31,109090,260],{"class":259},[31,109092,9900],{"class":41},[31,109094,109095],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109096,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,109098,109099,109102,109104,109107,109109,109111],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109100,109101],{"class":37},"removed_animal ",[31,109103,89],{"class":88},[31,109105,109106],{"class":37}," animals",[31,109108,70],{"class":41},[31,109110,26842],{"class":140},[31,109112,1772],{"class":41},[31,109114,109115],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,109116,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,109118,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131,109134],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,109120,134],{"class":133},[31,109122,137],{"class":41},[31,109124,260],{"class":259},[31,109126,29558],{"class":263},[31,109128,260],{"class":259},[31,109130,99],{"class":41},[31,109132,109133],{"class":140}," removed_animal",[31,109135,120],{"class":41},[31,109137,109138,109140,109142,109144,109147,109149,109151,109153],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,109139,134],{"class":133},[31,109141,137],{"class":41},[31,109143,260],{"class":259},[31,109145,109146],{"class":263},"Updated set:",[31,109148,260],{"class":259},[31,109150,99],{"class":41},[31,109152,109106],{"class":140},[31,109154,120],{"class":41},[14,109156,30632],{},[21,109158,109160],{"className":23,"code":109159,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[28,109161,109162,109171],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109163,109164,109166,109168],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109165,29600],{"class":37},[31,109167,48],{"class":41},[31,109169,109170],{"class":37}," dog\n",[31,109172,109173,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194,109196],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109174,109175],{"class":37},"Updated ",[31,109177,6871],{"class":1561},[31,109179,48],{"class":41},[31,109181,11082],{"class":41},[31,109183,370],{"class":259},[31,109185,37651],{"class":263},[31,109187,370],{"class":259},[31,109189,99],{"class":41},[31,109191,379],{"class":259},[31,109193,109088],{"class":263},[31,109195,370],{"class":259},[31,109197,9900],{"class":41},[14,109199,109200],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[72,109202,109204],{"id":109203},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,109206,30252,109207,109209,109210,70],{},[28,109208,13358],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[28,109211,20286],{},[14,109213,242],{},[21,109215,109217],{"className":23,"code":109216,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[28,109218,109219,109229],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109220,109221,109223,109225,109227],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109222,8368],{"class":37},[31,109224,89],{"class":88},[31,109226,16231],{"class":1561},[31,109228,1772],{"class":41},[31,109230,109231,109233,109235,109237],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109232,8397],{"class":37},[31,109234,70],{"class":41},[31,109236,26842],{"class":140},[31,109238,1772],{"class":41},[14,109240,109241],{},"This raises:",[21,109243,109245],{"className":23,"code":109244,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[28,109246,109247],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109248,109249,109251,109253,109255,109258],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109250,20286],{"class":1561},[31,109252,48],{"class":41},[31,109254,379],{"class":259},[31,109256,109257],{"class":263},"pop from an empty set",[31,109259,30302],{"class":259},[14,109261,109262,109263,109266],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[264,109264,109265],{"href":11667},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[613,109268,109270,109271],{"id":109269},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[28,109272,13358],{},[14,109274,109275],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[21,109277,109279],{"className":23,"code":109278,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[28,109280,109281,109291,109295,109303,109318,109337,109343],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109282,109283,109285,109287,109289],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109284,8368],{"class":37},[31,109286,89],{"class":88},[31,109288,16231],{"class":1561},[31,109290,1772],{"class":41},[31,109292,109293],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109294,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,109296,109297,109299,109301],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109298,7584],{"class":4457},[31,109300,620],{"class":37},[31,109302,6978],{"class":41},[31,109304,109305,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,109306,109307],{"class":37},"    removed ",[31,109309,89],{"class":88},[31,109311,620],{"class":37},[31,109313,70],{"class":41},[31,109315,26842],{"class":140},[31,109317,1772],{"class":41},[31,109319,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109335],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,109321,8657],{"class":133},[31,109323,137],{"class":41},[31,109325,260],{"class":259},[31,109327,29558],{"class":263},[31,109329,260],{"class":259},[31,109331,99],{"class":41},[31,109333,109334],{"class":140}," removed",[31,109336,120],{"class":41},[31,109338,109339,109341],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,109340,28035],{"class":4457},[31,109342,6978],{"class":41},[31,109344,109345,109347,109349,109351,109354,109356],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,109346,8657],{"class":133},[31,109348,137],{"class":41},[31,109350,260],{"class":259},[31,109352,109353],{"class":263},"The set is empty.",[31,109355,260],{"class":259},[31,109357,120],{"class":41},[613,109359,2668,109361,4975,109363],{"id":109360},"use-try-and-except",[28,109362,30406],{},[28,109364,30437],{},[14,109366,109367],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[21,109369,109371],{"className":23,"code":109370,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[28,109372,109373,109383,109387,109393,109407,109425,109433],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109374,109375,109377,109379,109381],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109376,8368],{"class":37},[31,109378,89],{"class":88},[31,109380,16231],{"class":1561},[31,109382,1772],{"class":41},[31,109384,109385],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109386,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,109388,109389,109391],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109390,30406],{"class":4457},[31,109392,6978],{"class":41},[31,109394,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,109396,109307],{"class":37},[31,109398,89],{"class":88},[31,109400,620],{"class":37},[31,109402,70],{"class":41},[31,109404,26842],{"class":140},[31,109406,1772],{"class":41},[31,109408,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,109410,8657],{"class":133},[31,109412,137],{"class":41},[31,109414,260],{"class":259},[31,109416,29558],{"class":263},[31,109418,260],{"class":259},[31,109420,99],{"class":41},[31,109422,109334],{"class":140},[31,109424,120],{"class":41},[31,109426,109427,109429,109431],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,109428,30437],{"class":4457},[31,109430,30440],{"class":1561},[31,109432,6978],{"class":41},[31,109434,109435,109437,109439,109441,109444,109446],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,109436,8657],{"class":133},[31,109438,137],{"class":41},[31,109440,260],{"class":259},[31,109442,109443],{"class":263},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[31,109445,260],{"class":259},[31,109447,120],{"class":41},[72,109449,5544,109451,11177,109453,11177,109455],{"id":109450},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[28,109452,13358],{},[28,109454,56138],{},[28,109456,103441],{},[14,109458,109459],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[613,109461,2668,109463],{"id":109462},"use-pop",[28,109464,13358],{},[14,109466,2668,109467,11193],{},[28,109468,13358],{},[228,109470,109471,109477,109480],{},[231,109472,109473,109474],{},"You want to remove ",[67,109475,109476],{},"any one item",[231,109478,109479],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[231,109481,109482],{},"You want the removed item returned",[21,109484,109486],{"className":23,"code":109485,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[28,109487,109488,109508,109522],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109489,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109491,85],{"class":37},[31,109493,89],{"class":88},[31,109495,11082],{"class":41},[31,109497,146],{"class":95},[31,109499,99],{"class":41},[31,109501,3571],{"class":95},[31,109503,99],{"class":41},[31,109505,3027],{"class":95},[31,109507,9900],{"class":41},[31,109509,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109511,3022],{"class":37},[31,109513,89],{"class":88},[31,109515,1527],{"class":37},[31,109517,70],{"class":41},[31,109519,26842],{"class":140},[31,109521,1772],{"class":41},[31,109523,109524,109526,109528,109530],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109525,134],{"class":133},[31,109527,137],{"class":41},[31,109529,3049],{"class":140},[31,109531,120],{"class":41},[613,109533,2668,109535],{"id":109534},"use-remove",[28,109536,56138],{},[14,109538,2668,109539,11193],{},[28,109540,56138],{},[228,109542,109543,109549],{},[231,109544,109545,109546],{},"You want to delete a ",[67,109547,109548],{},"specific item",[231,109550,109551],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[21,109553,109555],{"className":23,"code":109554,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,109556,109557,109577,109591],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109558,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109560,85],{"class":37},[31,109562,89],{"class":88},[31,109564,11082],{"class":41},[31,109566,146],{"class":95},[31,109568,99],{"class":41},[31,109570,3571],{"class":95},[31,109572,99],{"class":41},[31,109574,3027],{"class":95},[31,109576,9900],{"class":41},[31,109578,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109580,141],{"class":37},[31,109582,70],{"class":41},[31,109584,35399],{"class":140},[31,109586,137],{"class":41},[31,109588,193],{"class":95},[31,109590,120],{"class":41},[31,109592,109593,109595,109597,109599],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109594,134],{"class":133},[31,109596,137],{"class":41},[31,109598,141],{"class":140},[31,109600,120],{"class":41},[14,109602,109603,109604,109606,109607,109611],{},"If the item is missing, ",[28,109605,56138],{}," raises an error. See the ",[264,109608,109609,11333],{"href":98796},[28,109610,103455],{}," for details.",[613,109613,2668,109615],{"id":109614},"use-discard",[28,109616,103441],{},[14,109618,2668,109619,11193],{},[28,109620,103441],{},[228,109622,109623,109627],{},[231,109624,109545,109625],{},[67,109626,109548],{},[231,109628,109629,109630,109632],{},"You do ",[67,109631,5213],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[21,109634,109636],{"className":23,"code":109635,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,109637,109638,109658,109672],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109639,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109641,85],{"class":37},[31,109643,89],{"class":88},[31,109645,11082],{"class":41},[31,109647,146],{"class":95},[31,109649,99],{"class":41},[31,109651,3571],{"class":95},[31,109653,99],{"class":41},[31,109655,3027],{"class":95},[31,109657,9900],{"class":41},[31,109659,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109661,141],{"class":37},[31,109663,70],{"class":41},[31,109665,103508],{"class":140},[31,109667,137],{"class":41},[31,109669,559],{"class":95},[31,109671,120],{"class":41},[31,109673,109674,109676,109678,109680],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109675,134],{"class":133},[31,109677,137],{"class":41},[31,109679,141],{"class":140},[31,109681,120],{"class":41},[14,109683,109684,109685,109687,109688,109692],{},"This does nothing if ",[28,109686,559],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[264,109689,109690,11333],{"href":109044},[28,109691,103446],{}," for more examples.",[72,109694,3407],{"id":3406},[14,109696,72085,109697,48],{},[28,109698,108688],{},[228,109700,109701,109707,109712,109717],{},[231,109702,109703,109704],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[28,109705,109706],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[231,109708,9043,109709,109711],{},[28,109710,13358],{}," to remove the first or last item",[231,109713,30252,109714,109716],{},[28,109715,13358],{}," on an empty set",[231,109718,9007,109719,109721],{},[28,109720,13358],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109723,62903],{},[21,109725,109727],{"className":23,"code":109726,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[28,109728,109729,109739,109753,109767],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109730,109731,109733,109735,109737],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109732,134],{"class":133},[31,109734,137],{"class":41},[31,109736,16264],{"class":140},[31,109738,120],{"class":41},[31,109740,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109742,134],{"class":133},[31,109744,137],{"class":41},[31,109746,2408],{"class":133},[31,109748,137],{"class":41},[31,109750,16264],{"class":140},[31,109752,1569],{"class":41},[31,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,109756,134],{"class":133},[31,109758,137],{"class":41},[31,109760,1562],{"class":1561},[31,109762,137],{"class":41},[31,109764,16264],{"class":140},[31,109766,1569],{"class":41},[31,109768,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,109770,29140],{"class":37},[31,109772,89],{"class":88},[31,109774,97511],{"class":37},[31,109776,70],{"class":41},[31,109778,26842],{"class":140},[31,109780,1772],{"class":41},[14,109782,26609],{},[228,109784,109785,109788,109791,109794],{},[231,109786,109787],{},"What values are in the set",[231,109789,109790],{},"Whether the set is empty",[231,109792,109793],{},"That the object is really a set",[231,109795,109796],{},"What value was actually removed",[72,109798,2435],{"id":2434},[613,109800,13299,109802,109804],{"id":109801},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[28,109803,108688],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109806,109807,109808,109810],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[28,109809,13358],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[613,109812,109814,109815,2466],{"id":109813},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[28,109816,108688],{},[14,109818,109819,109820,109822,109823,109825],{},"No. Unlike list ",[28,109821,13358],{},", set ",[28,109824,13358],{}," does not accept an index.",[613,109827,109829],{"id":109828},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109831,72254,109832,45237,109834,109836],{},[28,109833,20286],{},[28,109835,13358],{}," is called on an empty set.",[613,109838,109840],{"id":109839},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109842,2668,109843,3456,109845,11685,109847,70],{},[28,109844,56138],{},[28,109846,103441],{},[28,109848,13358],{},[72,109850,2475],{"id":2474},[228,109852,109853,109857,109863,109869,109873],{},[231,109854,109855],{},[264,109856,96915],{"href":98086},[231,109858,109859],{},[264,109860,97401,109861,11333],{"href":98796},[28,109862,56138],{},[231,109864,109865],{},[264,109866,97401,109867,11333],{"href":109044},[28,109868,103441],{},[231,109870,109871],{},[264,109872,11854],{"href":11667},[231,109874,109875],{},[264,109876,56124],{"href":55676},[2499,109878,109879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":109881},[109882,109883,109885,109886,109887,109888,109894,109903,109904,109912],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":108808,"depth":123,"text":109884},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":108946,"depth":123,"text":108947},{"id":109049,"depth":123,"text":109050},{"id":109203,"depth":123,"text":109204,"children":109889},[109890,109892],{"id":109269,"depth":130,"text":109891},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109360,"depth":130,"text":109893},"Use try and except",{"id":109450,"depth":123,"text":109895,"children":109896},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109897,109899,109901],{"id":109462,"depth":130,"text":109898},"Use pop()",{"id":109534,"depth":130,"text":109900},"Use remove()",{"id":109614,"depth":130,"text":109902},"Use discard()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":109905},[109906,109908,109910,109911],{"id":109801,"depth":130,"text":109907},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109813,"depth":130,"text":109909},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109828,"depth":130,"text":109829},{"id":109839,"depth":130,"text":109840},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108676,"description":109913},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109920,"title":109921,"body":109922,"description":111076,"extension":2542,"meta":111077,"navigation":126,"path":111078,"seo":111079,"stem":111080,"__hash__":111081},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109923,"toc":111044},[109924,109929,109934,109943,109945,110010,110014,110038,110045,110050,110054,110069,110072,110074,110093,110107,110110,110158,110162,110178,110180,110253,110257,110282,110288,110296,110300,110307,110362,110367,110384,110390,110396,110401,110409,110416,110420,110428,110483,110485,110502,110506,110513,110578,110582,110615,110617,110629,110636,110638,110643,110650,110652,110721,110725,110733,110735,110799,110803,110808,110855,110860,110928,110936,110943,110946,110952,110957,110961,110963,110966,110968,110973,110978,110984,110989,110996,111004,111010,111013,111015,111041],[10,109925,96787,109927,11914],{"id":109926},"python-set-remove-method",[28,109928,56138],{},[14,109930,109931,109933],{},[28,109932,103455],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109935,109936,109937,109940,109941,70],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[67,109938,109939],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[28,109942,20286],{},[72,109944,75],{"id":74},[21,109946,109948],{"className":23,"code":109947,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[28,109949,109950,109982,110000],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,109951,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,109953,13672],{"class":37},[31,109955,89],{"class":88},[31,109957,11082],{"class":41},[31,109959,260],{"class":259},[31,109961,13689],{"class":263},[31,109963,260],{"class":259},[31,109965,99],{"class":41},[31,109967,271],{"class":259},[31,109969,13706],{"class":263},[31,109971,260],{"class":259},[31,109973,99],{"class":41},[31,109975,271],{"class":259},[31,109977,18054],{"class":263},[31,109979,260],{"class":259},[31,109981,9900],{"class":41},[31,109983,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,109985,18101],{"class":37},[31,109987,70],{"class":41},[31,109989,35399],{"class":140},[31,109991,137],{"class":41},[31,109993,260],{"class":259},[31,109995,13706],{"class":263},[31,109997,260],{"class":259},[31,109999,120],{"class":41},[31,110001,110002,110004,110006,110008],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110003,134],{"class":133},[31,110005,137],{"class":41},[31,110007,18101],{"class":140},[31,110009,120],{"class":41},[14,110011,110012],{},[67,110013,30632],{},[21,110015,110016],{"className":23,"code":104135,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,110017,110018],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110019,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110021,9869],{"class":41},[31,110023,370],{"class":259},[31,110025,13689],{"class":263},[31,110027,370],{"class":259},[31,110029,99],{"class":41},[31,110031,379],{"class":259},[31,110033,18054],{"class":263},[31,110035,370],{"class":259},[31,110037,9900],{"class":41},[14,110039,2668,110040,110042,110043,70],{},[28,110041,56138],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[28,110044,20286],{},[72,110046,4255,110048,4258],{"id":110047},"what-setremove-does",[28,110049,103455],{},[14,110051,110052,48],{},[28,110053,103455],{},[228,110055,110056,110059,110061,110063],{},[231,110057,110058],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[231,110060,96902],{},[231,110062,96905],{},[231,110064,110065,110066,110068],{},"Raises ",[28,110067,20286],{}," if the value is missing",[14,110070,110071],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[72,110073,2733],{"id":2732},[21,110075,110077],{"className":23,"code":110076,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[28,110078,110079],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110080,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110082,16264],{"class":37},[31,110084,70],{"class":41},[31,110086,35399],{"class":140},[31,110088,137],{"class":41},[31,110090,3049],{"class":140},[31,110092,120],{"class":41},[228,110094,110095,110099,110104],{},[231,110096,110097,103677],{},[28,110098,16264],{},[231,110100,110101,110103],{},[28,110102,3049],{}," is the item to remove",[231,110105,110106],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,110108,110109],{},"Here is a small example:",[21,110111,110112],{"className":23,"code":109554,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,110113,110114,110134,110148],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110115,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130,110132],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110117,85],{"class":37},[31,110119,89],{"class":88},[31,110121,11082],{"class":41},[31,110123,146],{"class":95},[31,110125,99],{"class":41},[31,110127,3571],{"class":95},[31,110129,99],{"class":41},[31,110131,3027],{"class":95},[31,110133,9900],{"class":41},[31,110135,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110137,141],{"class":37},[31,110139,70],{"class":41},[31,110141,35399],{"class":140},[31,110143,137],{"class":41},[31,110145,193],{"class":95},[31,110147,120],{"class":41},[31,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110151,134],{"class":133},[31,110153,137],{"class":41},[31,110155,141],{"class":140},[31,110157,120],{"class":41},[14,110159,110160],{},[67,110161,30632],{},[21,110163,110164],{"className":23,"code":101885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,110165,110166],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110167,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110169,9869],{"class":41},[31,110171,146],{"class":95},[31,110173,99],{"class":41},[31,110175,3027],{"class":95},[31,110177,9900],{"class":41},[72,110179,12068],{"id":12067},[21,110181,110183],{"className":23,"code":110182,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[28,110184,110185,110217,110221,110239,110243],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110186,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110188,36843],{"class":37},[31,110190,89],{"class":88},[31,110192,11082],{"class":41},[31,110194,260],{"class":259},[31,110196,4660],{"class":263},[31,110198,260],{"class":259},[31,110200,99],{"class":41},[31,110202,271],{"class":259},[31,110204,4669],{"class":263},[31,110206,260],{"class":259},[31,110208,99],{"class":41},[31,110210,271],{"class":259},[31,110212,33825],{"class":263},[31,110214,260],{"class":259},[31,110216,9900],{"class":41},[31,110218,110219],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110220,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,110222,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110224,36895],{"class":37},[31,110226,70],{"class":41},[31,110228,35399],{"class":140},[31,110230,137],{"class":41},[31,110232,260],{"class":259},[31,110234,4669],{"class":263},[31,110236,260],{"class":259},[31,110238,120],{"class":41},[31,110240,110241],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,110242,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,110244,110245,110247,110249,110251],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,110246,134],{"class":133},[31,110248,137],{"class":41},[31,110250,36895],{"class":140},[31,110252,120],{"class":41},[14,110254,110255],{},[67,110256,30632],{},[21,110258,110260],{"className":23,"code":110259,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[28,110261,110262],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110263,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110265,9869],{"class":41},[31,110267,370],{"class":259},[31,110269,4660],{"class":263},[31,110271,370],{"class":259},[31,110273,99],{"class":41},[31,110275,379],{"class":259},[31,110277,33825],{"class":263},[31,110279,370],{"class":259},[31,110281,9900],{"class":41},[14,110283,110284,110285,110287],{},"This removes ",[28,110286,65882],{}," from the set.",[14,110289,110290,110291,110293,110294,70],{},"A set does ",[67,110292,5213],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[264,110295,96919],{"href":98470},[72,110297,110299],{"id":110298},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,110301,110302,110303,53103,110305,70],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[28,110304,56138],{},[28,110306,20286],{},[21,110308,110310],{"className":23,"code":110309,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[28,110311,110312,110344],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110313,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110315,13672],{"class":37},[31,110317,89],{"class":88},[31,110319,11082],{"class":41},[31,110321,260],{"class":259},[31,110323,13689],{"class":263},[31,110325,260],{"class":259},[31,110327,99],{"class":41},[31,110329,271],{"class":259},[31,110331,13706],{"class":263},[31,110333,260],{"class":259},[31,110335,99],{"class":41},[31,110337,271],{"class":259},[31,110339,18054],{"class":263},[31,110341,260],{"class":259},[31,110343,9900],{"class":41},[31,110345,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110347,18101],{"class":37},[31,110349,70],{"class":41},[31,110351,35399],{"class":140},[31,110353,137],{"class":41},[31,110355,260],{"class":259},[31,110357,23123],{"class":263},[31,110359,260],{"class":259},[31,110361,120],{"class":41},[14,110363,110364],{},[67,110365,110366],{},"Result:",[21,110368,110370],{"className":23,"code":110369,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[28,110371,110372],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110373,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110375,20286],{"class":1561},[31,110377,48],{"class":41},[31,110379,379],{"class":259},[31,110381,23123],{"class":263},[31,110383,30302],{"class":259},[14,110385,22788,110386,110389],{},[28,110387,110388],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,110391,110392,110393,110395],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[28,110394,56138],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,110397,110398,110399,70],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[264,110400,11854],{"href":11667},[72,110402,4780,110404,110406,110407],{"id":110403},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[28,110405,56138],{}," is different from ",[28,110408,103441],{},[14,110410,110411,4975,110413,110415],{},[28,110412,56138],{},[28,110414,103441],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[613,110417,110418],{"id":35399},[28,110419,56138],{},[228,110421,110422,110425],{},[231,110423,110424],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[231,110426,110427],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[21,110429,110431],{"className":23,"code":110430,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[28,110432,110433,110465],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110434,110435,110437,110439,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110436,252],{"class":37},[31,110438,89],{"class":88},[31,110440,11082],{"class":41},[31,110442,260],{"class":259},[31,110444,264],{"class":263},[31,110446,260],{"class":259},[31,110448,99],{"class":41},[31,110450,271],{"class":259},[31,110452,274],{"class":263},[31,110454,260],{"class":259},[31,110456,99],{"class":41},[31,110458,271],{"class":259},[31,110460,283],{"class":263},[31,110462,260],{"class":259},[31,110464,9900],{"class":41},[31,110466,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110468,353],{"class":37},[31,110470,70],{"class":41},[31,110472,35399],{"class":140},[31,110474,137],{"class":41},[31,110476,260],{"class":259},[31,110478,292],{"class":263},[31,110480,260],{"class":259},[31,110482,120],{"class":41},[14,110484,109241],{},[21,110486,110488],{"className":23,"code":110487,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[28,110489,110490],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110491,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110493,20286],{"class":1561},[31,110495,48],{"class":41},[31,110497,379],{"class":259},[31,110499,292],{"class":263},[31,110501,30302],{"class":259},[613,110503,110504],{"id":103508},[28,110505,103441],{},[228,110507,110508,110510],{},[231,110509,110424],{},[231,110511,110512],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[21,110514,110516],{"className":23,"code":110515,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,110517,110518,110550,110568],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110519,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110521,252],{"class":37},[31,110523,89],{"class":88},[31,110525,11082],{"class":41},[31,110527,260],{"class":259},[31,110529,264],{"class":263},[31,110531,260],{"class":259},[31,110533,99],{"class":41},[31,110535,271],{"class":259},[31,110537,274],{"class":263},[31,110539,260],{"class":259},[31,110541,99],{"class":41},[31,110543,271],{"class":259},[31,110545,283],{"class":263},[31,110547,260],{"class":259},[31,110549,9900],{"class":41},[31,110551,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110553,353],{"class":37},[31,110555,70],{"class":41},[31,110557,103508],{"class":140},[31,110559,137],{"class":41},[31,110561,260],{"class":259},[31,110563,292],{"class":263},[31,110565,260],{"class":259},[31,110567,120],{"class":41},[31,110569,110570,110572,110574,110576],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110571,134],{"class":133},[31,110573,137],{"class":41},[31,110575,353],{"class":140},[31,110577,120],{"class":41},[14,110579,110580],{},[67,110581,358],{},[21,110583,110585],{"className":23,"code":110584,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[28,110586,110587],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110588,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110590,9869],{"class":41},[31,110592,370],{"class":259},[31,110594,264],{"class":263},[31,110596,370],{"class":259},[31,110598,99],{"class":41},[31,110600,379],{"class":259},[31,110602,274],{"class":263},[31,110604,370],{"class":259},[31,110606,99],{"class":41},[31,110608,379],{"class":259},[31,110610,283],{"class":263},[31,110612,370],{"class":259},[31,110614,9900],{"class":41},[14,110616,19294],{},[228,110618,110619,110624],{},[231,110620,110621,110623],{},[28,110622,56138],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[231,110625,110626,110628],{},[28,110627,103441],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110630,110631,110632,70],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[264,110633,97401,110634,11333],{"href":109044},[28,110635,103441],{},[72,110637,5101],{"id":5100},[613,110639,9043,110641,97781],{"id":110640},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[28,110642,56138],{},[14,110644,110645,110647,110648,70],{},[28,110646,56138],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[28,110649,4357],{},[14,110651,17241],{},[21,110653,110655],{"className":23,"code":110654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[28,110656,110657,110689,110711],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110658,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110660,13672],{"class":37},[31,110662,89],{"class":88},[31,110664,11082],{"class":41},[31,110666,260],{"class":259},[31,110668,13689],{"class":263},[31,110670,260],{"class":259},[31,110672,99],{"class":41},[31,110674,271],{"class":259},[31,110676,13706],{"class":263},[31,110678,260],{"class":259},[31,110680,99],{"class":41},[31,110682,271],{"class":259},[31,110684,18054],{"class":263},[31,110686,260],{"class":259},[31,110688,9900],{"class":41},[31,110690,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110692,13715],{"class":37},[31,110694,89],{"class":88},[31,110696,13720],{"class":37},[31,110698,70],{"class":41},[31,110700,35399],{"class":140},[31,110702,137],{"class":41},[31,110704,260],{"class":259},[31,110706,13706],{"class":263},[31,110708,260],{"class":259},[31,110710,120],{"class":41},[31,110712,110713,110715,110717,110719],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110714,134],{"class":133},[31,110716,137],{"class":41},[31,110718,13739],{"class":140},[31,110720,120],{"class":41},[14,110722,110723],{},[67,110724,358],{},[21,110726,110727],{"className":23,"code":12402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,110728,110729],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110730,110731],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110732,12402],{"class":4432},[14,110734,17253],{},[21,110736,110737],{"className":23,"code":109947,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,110738,110739,110771,110789],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110740,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110742,13672],{"class":37},[31,110744,89],{"class":88},[31,110746,11082],{"class":41},[31,110748,260],{"class":259},[31,110750,13689],{"class":263},[31,110752,260],{"class":259},[31,110754,99],{"class":41},[31,110756,271],{"class":259},[31,110758,13706],{"class":263},[31,110760,260],{"class":259},[31,110762,99],{"class":41},[31,110764,271],{"class":259},[31,110766,18054],{"class":263},[31,110768,260],{"class":259},[31,110770,9900],{"class":41},[31,110772,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110774,18101],{"class":37},[31,110776,70],{"class":41},[31,110778,35399],{"class":140},[31,110780,137],{"class":41},[31,110782,260],{"class":259},[31,110784,13706],{"class":263},[31,110786,260],{"class":259},[31,110788,120],{"class":41},[31,110790,110791,110793,110795,110797],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110792,134],{"class":133},[31,110794,137],{"class":41},[31,110796,18101],{"class":140},[31,110798,120],{"class":41},[613,110800,110802],{"id":110801},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110804,110805,110806,70],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[28,110807,20286],{},[21,110809,110811],{"className":23,"code":110810,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[28,110812,110813,110837],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110814,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110816,13672],{"class":37},[31,110818,89],{"class":88},[31,110820,11082],{"class":41},[31,110822,260],{"class":259},[31,110824,13689],{"class":263},[31,110826,260],{"class":259},[31,110828,99],{"class":41},[31,110830,271],{"class":259},[31,110832,13706],{"class":263},[31,110834,260],{"class":259},[31,110836,9900],{"class":41},[31,110838,110839,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110840,18101],{"class":37},[31,110842,70],{"class":41},[31,110844,35399],{"class":140},[31,110846,137],{"class":41},[31,110848,260],{"class":259},[31,110850,18054],{"class":263},[31,110852,260],{"class":259},[31,110854,120],{"class":41},[14,110856,110857,110858,48],{},"To check first, you can use ",[28,110859,4464],{},[21,110861,110863],{"className":23,"code":110862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[28,110864,110865,110889,110893,110909],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,110866,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,110868,13672],{"class":37},[31,110870,89],{"class":88},[31,110872,11082],{"class":41},[31,110874,260],{"class":259},[31,110876,13689],{"class":263},[31,110878,260],{"class":259},[31,110880,99],{"class":41},[31,110882,271],{"class":259},[31,110884,13706],{"class":263},[31,110886,260],{"class":259},[31,110888,9900],{"class":41},[31,110890,110891],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,110892,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,110894,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,110896,7584],{"class":4457},[31,110898,271],{"class":259},[31,110900,18054],{"class":263},[31,110902,260],{"class":259},[31,110904,21772],{"class":88},[31,110906,13720],{"class":37},[31,110908,6978],{"class":41},[31,110910,110911,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,110912,110913],{"class":37},"    colors",[31,110915,70],{"class":41},[31,110917,35399],{"class":140},[31,110919,137],{"class":41},[31,110921,260],{"class":259},[31,110923,18054],{"class":263},[31,110925,260],{"class":259},[31,110927,120],{"class":41},[14,110929,110930,110931,110935],{},"Or use ",[264,110932,110933],{"href":109044},[28,110934,103441],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[613,110937,37808,110939,9295,110941],{"id":110938},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[28,110940,103455],{},[28,110942,55684],{},[14,110944,110945],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110947,110948,110949,110951],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[28,110950,103455],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110953,110954,110955,70],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[264,110956,99665],{"href":99664},[613,110958,110960],{"id":110959},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110962,108950],{},[14,110964,110965],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[72,110967,2435],{"id":2434},[613,110969,13299,110971,97880],{"id":110970},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[28,110972,103455],{},[14,110974,110975,110976,70],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[28,110977,4357],{},[613,110979,30890,110981,110983],{"id":110980},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[28,110982,103455],{}," raise?",[14,110985,30896,110986,110988],{},[28,110987,20286],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[613,110990,22019,110992,3456,110994,2466],{"id":110991},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[28,110993,56138],{},[28,110995,103441],{},[14,110997,2668,110998,111000,111001,111003],{},[28,110999,56138],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[28,111002,103441],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[613,111005,5752,111007,111009],{"id":111006},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[28,111008,103455],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,111011,111012],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[72,111014,2475],{"id":2474},[228,111016,111017,111023,111029,111033,111037],{},[231,111018,111019],{},[264,111020,97401,111021,11333],{"href":109044},[28,111022,103441],{},[231,111024,111025],{},[264,111026,97401,111027,11333],{"href":98801},[28,111028,13358],{},[231,111030,111031],{},[264,111032,97925],{"href":98470},[231,111034,111035],{},[264,111036,100931],{"href":99664},[231,111038,111039],{},[264,111040,11854],{"href":11667},[2499,111042,111043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":111045},[111046,111047,111049,111050,111051,111052,111057,111065,111075],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":110047,"depth":123,"text":111048},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":110298,"depth":123,"text":110299},{"id":110403,"depth":123,"text":111053,"children":111054},"How remove() is different from discard()",[111055,111056],{"id":35399,"depth":130,"text":56138},{"id":103508,"depth":130,"text":103441},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":111058},[111059,111061,111062,111064],{"id":110640,"depth":130,"text":111060},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110801,"depth":130,"text":110802},{"id":110938,"depth":130,"text":111063},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110959,"depth":130,"text":110960},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":111066},[111067,111069,111071,111073],{"id":110970,"depth":130,"text":111068},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110980,"depth":130,"text":111070},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110991,"depth":130,"text":111072},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":111006,"depth":130,"text":111074},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109921,"description":111076},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":111083,"title":111084,"body":111085,"description":112458,"extension":2542,"meta":112459,"navigation":126,"path":112460,"seo":112461,"stem":112462,"__hash__":112463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":111086,"toc":112433},[111087,111093,111099,111102,111105,111119,111121,111202,111205,111210,111214,111228,111235,111237,111256,111259,111277,111279,111359,111361,111386,111390,111393,111401,111406,111411,111413,111426,111431,111434,111458,111461,111469,111471,111474,111571,111573,111606,111608,111634,111641,111644,111648,111656,111660,111668,111670,111760,111762,111776,111783,111788,111793,111795,111886,111888,111900,111902,111916,111922,111930,111932,112014,112016,112061,112064,112072,112075,112077,112081,112124,112126,112146,112151,112153,112238,112240,112245,112247,112254,112262,112268,112271,112273,112359,112361,112385,112389,112392,112394,112421,112431],[10,111088,96787,111090,11914],{"id":111089},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[28,111091,111092],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,111094,111095,111098],{},[28,111096,111097],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,111100,111101],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,111103,111104],{},"Use it when:",[228,111106,111107,111110,111116],{},[231,111108,111109],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[231,111111,111112,111113,111115],{},"you do ",[67,111114,5213],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[231,111117,111118],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[72,111120,4186],{"id":4185},[21,111122,111124],{"className":23,"code":111123,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[28,111125,111126,111146,111166,111170,111189],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111127,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111129,3130],{"class":37},[31,111131,89],{"class":88},[31,111133,11082],{"class":41},[31,111135,146],{"class":95},[31,111137,99],{"class":41},[31,111139,3571],{"class":95},[31,111141,99],{"class":41},[31,111143,3027],{"class":95},[31,111145,9900],{"class":41},[31,111147,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,111149,3158],{"class":37},[31,111151,89],{"class":88},[31,111153,11082],{"class":41},[31,111155,173],{"class":95},[31,111157,99],{"class":41},[31,111159,3033],{"class":95},[31,111161,99],{"class":41},[31,111163,5187],{"class":95},[31,111165,9900],{"class":41},[31,111167,111168],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,111169,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111171,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111183,111185,111187],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,111173,1522],{"class":37},[31,111175,89],{"class":88},[31,111177,57496],{"class":37},[31,111179,70],{"class":41},[31,111181,111182],{"class":140},"symmetric_difference",[31,111184,137],{"class":41},[31,111186,274],{"class":140},[31,111188,120],{"class":41},[31,111190,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,111192,134],{"class":133},[31,111194,137],{"class":41},[31,111196,1550],{"class":140},[31,111198,4238],{"class":41},[31,111200,111201],{"class":157},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,111203,111204],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[72,111206,4255,111208,4258],{"id":111207},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[28,111209,111092],{},[14,111211,111212,48],{},[28,111213,111097],{},[228,111215,111216,111219,111222,111225],{},[231,111217,111218],{},"returns a new set",[231,111220,111221],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[231,111223,111224],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[231,111226,111227],{},"does not change the original set",[14,111229,96911,111230,3456,111232,70],{},[264,111231,96915],{"href":96914},[264,111233,111234],{"href":96918},"creating a set in Python",[72,111236,2733],{"id":2732},[21,111238,111240],{"className":23,"code":111239,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[28,111241,111242],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111243,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111245,101172],{"class":37},[31,111247,70],{"class":41},[31,111249,111182],{"class":140},[31,111251,137],{"class":41},[31,111253,101181],{"class":140},[31,111255,120],{"class":41},[14,111257,111258],{},"Notes:",[228,111260,111261,111266,111271,111274],{},[231,111262,111263,111265],{},[28,111264,101172],{}," must be a set",[231,111267,111268,111270],{},[28,111269,101181],{}," can be any iterable",[231,111272,111273],{},"the result is always a set",[231,111275,111276],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,111278,242],{},[21,111280,111282],{"className":23,"code":111281,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[28,111283,111284,111305,111326,111330,111349],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111285,111286,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111287,111288],{"class":37},"set1 ",[31,111290,89],{"class":88},[31,111292,11082],{"class":41},[31,111294,146],{"class":95},[31,111296,99],{"class":41},[31,111298,3571],{"class":95},[31,111300,99],{"class":41},[31,111302,3027],{"class":95},[31,111304,9900],{"class":41},[31,111306,111307,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,111308,111309],{"class":37},"set2 ",[31,111311,89],{"class":88},[31,111313,11082],{"class":41},[31,111315,173],{"class":95},[31,111317,99],{"class":41},[31,111319,3033],{"class":95},[31,111321,99],{"class":41},[31,111323,5187],{"class":95},[31,111325,9900],{"class":41},[31,111327,111328],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,111329,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111331,111332,111334,111336,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,111333,1522],{"class":37},[31,111335,89],{"class":88},[31,111337,111338],{"class":37}," set1",[31,111340,70],{"class":41},[31,111342,111182],{"class":140},[31,111344,137],{"class":41},[31,111346,101181],{"class":140},[31,111348,120],{"class":41},[31,111350,111351,111353,111355,111357],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,111352,134],{"class":133},[31,111354,137],{"class":41},[31,111356,1550],{"class":140},[31,111358,120],{"class":41},[14,111360,358],{},[21,111362,111364],{"className":23,"code":111363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[28,111365,111366],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111367,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111369,9869],{"class":41},[31,111371,146],{"class":95},[31,111373,99],{"class":41},[31,111375,3571],{"class":95},[31,111377,99],{"class":41},[31,111379,3033],{"class":95},[31,111381,99],{"class":41},[31,111383,5187],{"class":95},[31,111385,9900],{"class":41},[72,111387,111389],{"id":111388},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,111391,111392],{},"The result includes:",[228,111394,111395,111398],{},[231,111396,111397],{},"items only in the first set",[231,111399,111400],{},"items only in the second set",[14,111402,111403,111404,11676],{},"The result does ",[67,111405,5213],{},[228,111407,111408],{},[231,111409,111410],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,111412,6056],{},[228,111414,111415,111420],{},[231,111416,111417,111418],{},"first set: ",[28,111419,100869],{},[231,111421,111422,111423],{},"second set: ",[28,111424,111425],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,111427,4630,111428,111430],{},[28,111429,173],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,111432,111433],{},"The output is:",[21,111435,111436],{"className":23,"code":111363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,111437,111438],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111439,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111441,9869],{"class":41},[31,111443,146],{"class":95},[31,111445,99],{"class":41},[31,111447,3571],{"class":95},[31,111449,99],{"class":41},[31,111451,3033],{"class":95},[31,111453,99],{"class":41},[31,111455,5187],{"class":95},[31,111457,9900],{"class":41},[14,111459,111460],{},"Also remember:",[228,111462,111463,111466],{},[231,111464,111465],{},"sets are unordered",[231,111467,111468],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[72,111470,12068],{"id":12067},[14,111472,111473],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[21,111475,111477],{"className":23,"code":111476,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,111478,111479,111511,111535,111539,111557,111561],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111480,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111482,107612],{"class":37},[31,111484,89],{"class":88},[31,111486,11082],{"class":41},[31,111488,260],{"class":259},[31,111490,13689],{"class":263},[31,111492,260],{"class":259},[31,111494,99],{"class":41},[31,111496,271],{"class":259},[31,111498,13706],{"class":263},[31,111500,260],{"class":259},[31,111502,99],{"class":41},[31,111504,271],{"class":259},[31,111506,18054],{"class":263},[31,111508,260],{"class":259},[31,111510,9900],{"class":41},[31,111512,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531,111533],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,111514,107645],{"class":37},[31,111516,89],{"class":88},[31,111518,11082],{"class":41},[31,111520,260],{"class":259},[31,111522,18054],{"class":263},[31,111524,260],{"class":259},[31,111526,99],{"class":41},[31,111528,271],{"class":259},[31,111530,23123],{"class":263},[31,111532,260],{"class":259},[31,111534,9900],{"class":41},[31,111536,111537],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,111538,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111540,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,111542,1522],{"class":37},[31,111544,89],{"class":88},[31,111546,107687],{"class":37},[31,111548,70],{"class":41},[31,111550,111182],{"class":140},[31,111552,137],{"class":41},[31,111554,107696],{"class":140},[31,111556,120],{"class":41},[31,111558,111559],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,111560,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111562,111563,111565,111567,111569],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,111564,134],{"class":133},[31,111566,137],{"class":41},[31,111568,1550],{"class":140},[31,111570,120],{"class":41},[14,111572,358],{},[21,111574,111576],{"className":23,"code":111575,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[28,111577,111578],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111579,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111581,9869],{"class":41},[31,111583,370],{"class":259},[31,111585,13689],{"class":263},[31,111587,370],{"class":259},[31,111589,99],{"class":41},[31,111591,379],{"class":259},[31,111593,13706],{"class":263},[31,111595,370],{"class":259},[31,111597,99],{"class":41},[31,111599,379],{"class":259},[31,111601,23123],{"class":263},[31,111603,370],{"class":259},[31,111605,9900],{"class":41},[14,111607,14006],{},[228,111609,111610,111615,111626],{},[231,111611,111612,111614],{},[28,111613,97080],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[231,111616,111617,4975,111619,111622,111623,111625],{},[28,111618,66000],{},[28,111620,111621],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[28,111624,107749],{},", so they stay",[231,111627,111628,111630,111631,111633],{},[28,111629,110388],{}," is only in ",[28,111632,107696],{},", so it stays",[72,111635,111637,11177,111639],{"id":111636},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[28,111638,111092],{},[28,111640,101001],{},[14,111642,111643],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111645,111646,48],{},[28,111647,101001],{},[228,111649,111650,111653],{},[231,111651,111652],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[231,111654,111655],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111657,111658,48],{},[28,111659,111092],{},[228,111661,111662,111665],{},[231,111663,111664],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[231,111666,111667],{},"removes shared items",[14,111669,242],{},[21,111671,111673],{"className":23,"code":111672,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[28,111674,111675,111695,111715,111719,111740],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111676,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111678,3130],{"class":37},[31,111680,89],{"class":88},[31,111682,11082],{"class":41},[31,111684,146],{"class":95},[31,111686,99],{"class":41},[31,111688,3571],{"class":95},[31,111690,99],{"class":41},[31,111692,3027],{"class":95},[31,111694,9900],{"class":41},[31,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,111698,3158],{"class":37},[31,111700,89],{"class":88},[31,111702,11082],{"class":41},[31,111704,173],{"class":95},[31,111706,99],{"class":41},[31,111708,3033],{"class":95},[31,111710,99],{"class":41},[31,111712,5187],{"class":95},[31,111714,9900],{"class":41},[31,111716,111717],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,111718,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111720,111721,111723,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,111722,134],{"class":133},[31,111724,137],{"class":41},[31,111726,264],{"class":140},[31,111728,70],{"class":41},[31,111730,3388],{"class":140},[31,111732,137],{"class":41},[31,111734,274],{"class":140},[31,111736,5945],{"class":41},[31,111738,111739],{"class":157},"            # {1, 2}\n",[31,111741,111742,111744,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,111743,134],{"class":133},[31,111745,137],{"class":41},[31,111747,264],{"class":140},[31,111749,70],{"class":41},[31,111751,111182],{"class":140},[31,111753,137],{"class":41},[31,111755,274],{"class":140},[31,111757,5945],{"class":41},[31,111759,111201],{"class":157},[14,111761,19294],{},[228,111763,111764,111771],{},[231,111765,111766,111770],{},[264,111767,111768],{"href":103427},[28,111769,101001],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[231,111772,111773,111775],{},[28,111774,111092],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[72,111777,111779,11177,111781],{"id":111778},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[28,111780,111092],{},[28,111782,103386],{},[14,111784,111785,111787],{},[28,111786,103386],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111789,111790,111792],{},[28,111791,111092],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111794,242],{},[21,111796,111798],{"className":23,"code":111797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[28,111799,111800,111820,111840,111844,111866],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111801,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111803,3130],{"class":37},[31,111805,89],{"class":88},[31,111807,11082],{"class":41},[31,111809,146],{"class":95},[31,111811,99],{"class":41},[31,111813,3571],{"class":95},[31,111815,99],{"class":41},[31,111817,3027],{"class":95},[31,111819,9900],{"class":41},[31,111821,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,111823,3158],{"class":37},[31,111825,89],{"class":88},[31,111827,11082],{"class":41},[31,111829,173],{"class":95},[31,111831,99],{"class":41},[31,111833,3033],{"class":95},[31,111835,99],{"class":41},[31,111837,5187],{"class":95},[31,111839,9900],{"class":41},[31,111841,111842],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,111843,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111845,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,111847,134],{"class":133},[31,111849,137],{"class":41},[31,111851,264],{"class":140},[31,111853,70],{"class":41},[31,111855,111856],{"class":140},"union",[31,111858,137],{"class":41},[31,111860,274],{"class":140},[31,111862,5945],{"class":41},[31,111864,111865],{"class":157},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[31,111867,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,111869,134],{"class":133},[31,111871,137],{"class":41},[31,111873,264],{"class":140},[31,111875,70],{"class":41},[31,111877,111182],{"class":140},[31,111879,137],{"class":41},[31,111881,274],{"class":140},[31,111883,5945],{"class":41},[31,111885,111201],{"class":157},[14,111887,27822],{},[228,111889,111890,111895],{},[231,111891,111892,111894],{},[28,111893,103386],{}," includes everything",[231,111896,111897,111899],{},[28,111898,111092],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111901,19294],{},[228,111903,111904,111911],{},[231,111905,111906,111910],{},[264,111907,111908],{"href":108317},[28,111909,103386],{}," when overlap does not matter",[231,111912,111913,111915],{},[28,111914,111092],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[72,111917,37217,111919,102185],{"id":111918},"using-the-operator",[28,111920,111921],{},"^",[14,111923,111924,111925,111927,111928,70],{},"For sets, the ",[28,111926,111921],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[28,111929,111092],{},[14,111931,242],{},[21,111933,111935],{"className":23,"code":111934,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[28,111936,111937,111957,111977,111981,111999],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,111938,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953,111955],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,111940,111288],{"class":37},[31,111942,89],{"class":88},[31,111944,11082],{"class":41},[31,111946,146],{"class":95},[31,111948,99],{"class":41},[31,111950,3571],{"class":95},[31,111952,99],{"class":41},[31,111954,3027],{"class":95},[31,111956,9900],{"class":41},[31,111958,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,111960,111309],{"class":37},[31,111962,89],{"class":88},[31,111964,11082],{"class":41},[31,111966,173],{"class":95},[31,111968,99],{"class":41},[31,111970,3033],{"class":95},[31,111972,99],{"class":41},[31,111974,5187],{"class":95},[31,111976,9900],{"class":41},[31,111978,111979],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,111980,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,111982,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995,111997],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,111984,134],{"class":133},[31,111986,137],{"class":41},[31,111988,101172],{"class":140},[31,111990,70],{"class":41},[31,111992,111182],{"class":140},[31,111994,137],{"class":41},[31,111996,101181],{"class":140},[31,111998,1569],{"class":41},[31,112000,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112012],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112002,134],{"class":133},[31,112004,137],{"class":41},[31,112006,111288],{"class":140},[31,112008,111921],{"class":88},[31,112010,112011],{"class":140}," set2",[31,112013,120],{"class":41},[14,112015,30632],{},[21,112017,112019],{"className":23,"code":112018,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[28,112020,112021,112041],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112022,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112024,9869],{"class":41},[31,112026,146],{"class":95},[31,112028,99],{"class":41},[31,112030,3571],{"class":95},[31,112032,99],{"class":41},[31,112034,3033],{"class":95},[31,112036,99],{"class":41},[31,112038,5187],{"class":95},[31,112040,9900],{"class":41},[31,112042,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112044,9869],{"class":41},[31,112046,146],{"class":95},[31,112048,99],{"class":41},[31,112050,3571],{"class":95},[31,112052,99],{"class":41},[31,112054,3033],{"class":95},[31,112056,99],{"class":41},[31,112058,5187],{"class":95},[31,112060,9900],{"class":41},[14,112062,112063],{},"Both forms:",[228,112065,112066,112069],{},[231,112067,112068],{},"return a new set",[231,112070,112071],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,112073,112074],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[72,112076,5101],{"id":5100},[14,112078,21810,112079,48],{},[28,112080,111092],{},[228,112082,112083,112091,112101,112116],{},[231,112084,112085,112088,112090],{},[67,112086,112087],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10437,112089],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[231,112092,112093,112096,112098,112100],{},[67,112094,112095],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10437,112097],{},[28,112099,111092],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[231,112102,112103,112108,112110,112112,112113,112115],{},[67,112104,112105,112106],{},"Confusing it with ",[28,112107,101001],{},[10437,112109],{},[28,112111,101001],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[28,112114,111092],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[231,112117,112118,112121,112123],{},[67,112119,112120],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10437,112122],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,112125,59471],{},[228,112127,112128,112137,112140,112143],{},[231,112129,51100,112130,45237,112132,112136],{},[28,112131,111092],{},[264,112133,112134],{"href":108317},[28,112135,103386],{}," is actually needed",[231,112138,112139],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[231,112141,112142],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[231,112144,112145],{},"being confused by output order",[14,112147,112148,112149,70],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[264,112150,99665],{"href":105930},[14,112152,62903],{},[21,112154,112156],{"className":23,"code":112155,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[28,112157,112158,112168,112178,112196,112210,112224],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112159,112160,112162,112164,112166],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112161,134],{"class":133},[31,112163,137],{"class":41},[31,112165,101172],{"class":140},[31,112167,120],{"class":41},[31,112169,112170,112172,112174,112176],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112171,134],{"class":133},[31,112173,137],{"class":41},[31,112175,101181],{"class":140},[31,112177,120],{"class":41},[31,112179,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,112181,134],{"class":133},[31,112183,137],{"class":41},[31,112185,101172],{"class":140},[31,112187,70],{"class":41},[31,112189,111182],{"class":140},[31,112191,137],{"class":41},[31,112193,101181],{"class":140},[31,112195,1569],{"class":41},[31,112197,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,112199,134],{"class":133},[31,112201,137],{"class":41},[31,112203,111288],{"class":140},[31,112205,111921],{"class":88},[31,112207,112011],{"class":140},[31,112209,120],{"class":41},[31,112211,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112213,134],{"class":133},[31,112215,137],{"class":41},[31,112217,1562],{"class":1561},[31,112219,137],{"class":41},[31,112221,101172],{"class":140},[31,112223,1569],{"class":41},[31,112225,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,112227,134],{"class":133},[31,112229,137],{"class":41},[31,112231,1562],{"class":1561},[31,112233,137],{"class":41},[31,112235,101181],{"class":140},[31,112237,1569],{"class":41},[72,112239,2435],{"id":2434},[613,112241,13299,112243,103326],{"id":112242},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[28,112244,111092],{},[14,112246,103329],{},[613,112248,5762,112250,4975,112252,2466],{"id":112249},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[28,112251,111092],{},[28,112253,101001],{},[14,112255,112256,112258,112259,112261],{},[28,112257,101001],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[28,112260,111092],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[613,112263,28930,112265,112267],{"id":112264},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[28,112266,111092],{}," with lists?",[14,112269,112270],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,112272,242],{},[21,112274,112276],{"className":23,"code":112275,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[28,112277,112278,112298,112318,112322,112349],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112279,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112281,81242],{"class":37},[31,112283,89],{"class":88},[31,112285,4200],{"class":41},[31,112287,146],{"class":95},[31,112289,99],{"class":41},[31,112291,3571],{"class":95},[31,112293,99],{"class":41},[31,112295,3027],{"class":95},[31,112297,59],{"class":41},[31,112299,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112301,81263],{"class":37},[31,112303,89],{"class":88},[31,112305,4200],{"class":41},[31,112307,173],{"class":95},[31,112309,99],{"class":41},[31,112311,3033],{"class":95},[31,112313,99],{"class":41},[31,112315,5187],{"class":95},[31,112317,59],{"class":41},[31,112319,112320],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,112321,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112323,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,112325,1522],{"class":37},[31,112327,89],{"class":88},[31,112329,16231],{"class":1561},[31,112331,137],{"class":41},[31,112333,112334],{"class":140},"list1",[31,112336,9222],{"class":41},[31,112338,111182],{"class":140},[31,112340,137],{"class":41},[31,112342,6871],{"class":1561},[31,112344,137],{"class":41},[31,112346,81529],{"class":140},[31,112348,1569],{"class":41},[31,112350,112351,112353,112355,112357],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112352,134],{"class":133},[31,112354,137],{"class":41},[31,112356,1550],{"class":140},[31,112358,120],{"class":41},[14,112360,358],{},[21,112362,112363],{"className":23,"code":111363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,112364,112365],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112366,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112368,9869],{"class":41},[31,112370,146],{"class":95},[31,112372,99],{"class":41},[31,112374,3571],{"class":95},[31,112376,99],{"class":41},[31,112378,3033],{"class":95},[31,112380,99],{"class":41},[31,112382,5187],{"class":95},[31,112384,9900],{"class":41},[613,112386,112388],{"id":112387},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,112390,112391],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[72,112393,2475],{"id":2474},[228,112395,112396,112400,112405,112411,112417],{},[231,112397,112398],{},[264,112399,96915],{"href":96914},[231,112401,112402],{},[264,112403,112404],{"href":96918},"Creating a set in Python",[231,112406,112407],{},[264,112408,97401,112409,11333],{"href":103427},[28,112410,101001],{},[231,112412,112413],{},[264,112414,97401,112415,11333],{"href":108317},[28,112416,103386],{},[231,112418,112419],{},[264,112420,100931],{"href":105930},[14,112422,112423,112424,2766,112426,17670,112428,112430],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[28,112425,101001],{},[28,112427,103386],{},[28,112429,111092],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2499,112432,57850],{},{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":112434},[112435,112436,112438,112439,112440,112441,112443,112445,112447,112448,112457],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":111207,"depth":123,"text":112437},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":111388,"depth":123,"text":111389},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":111636,"depth":123,"text":112442},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111778,"depth":123,"text":112444},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111918,"depth":123,"text":112446},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":112449},[112450,112452,112454,112456],{"id":112242,"depth":130,"text":112451},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112249,"depth":130,"text":112453},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112264,"depth":130,"text":112455},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112387,"depth":130,"text":112388},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":111084,"description":112458},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112465,"title":112466,"body":112467,"description":114528,"extension":2542,"meta":114529,"navigation":126,"path":108317,"seo":114530,"stem":114531,"__hash__":114532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112468,"toc":114487},[112469,112474,112479,112482,112495,112497,112579,112584,112589,112593,112605,112608,112612,112614,112641,112643,112654,112657,112726,112728,112734,112737,112747,112749,112838,112843,112845,112852,112855,112857,112860,112980,112982,113051,113054,113071,113076,113079,113195,113197,113226,113229,113235,113240,113244,113325,113327,113355,113360,113364,113459,113461,113502,113506,113509,113576,113578,113619,113625,113640,113647,113654,113658,113664,113750,113754,113762,113833,113838,113845,113847,113853,113855,113920,113922,113938,113943,113946,114015,114019,114022,114081,114084,114088,114141,114154,114157,114210,114214,114216,114247,114250,114255,114308,114310,114313,114334,114346,114348,114401,114403,114408,114410,114416,114419,114425,114430,114434,114437,114445,114454,114456,114484],[10,112470,4152,112472,11914],{"id":112471},"python-setunion-method",[28,112473,108630],{},[14,112475,112476,112478],{},[28,112477,108630],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,112480,112481],{},"It is useful when you want:",[228,112483,112484,112487,112492],{},[231,112485,112486],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[231,112488,3130,112489,112491],{},[67,112490,101356],{}," as the result",[231,112493,112494],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[72,112496,75],{"id":74},[21,112498,112500],{"className":23,"code":112499,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[28,112501,112502,112522,112542,112546,112564,112574],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112503,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112505,111288],{"class":37},[31,112507,89],{"class":88},[31,112509,11082],{"class":41},[31,112511,146],{"class":95},[31,112513,99],{"class":41},[31,112515,3571],{"class":95},[31,112517,99],{"class":41},[31,112519,3027],{"class":95},[31,112521,9900],{"class":41},[31,112523,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112525,111309],{"class":37},[31,112527,89],{"class":88},[31,112529,11082],{"class":41},[31,112531,173],{"class":95},[31,112533,99],{"class":41},[31,112535,3033],{"class":95},[31,112537,99],{"class":41},[31,112539,5187],{"class":95},[31,112541,9900],{"class":41},[31,112543,112544],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,112545,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112547,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,112549,1522],{"class":37},[31,112551,89],{"class":88},[31,112553,111338],{"class":37},[31,112555,70],{"class":41},[31,112557,111856],{"class":140},[31,112559,137],{"class":41},[31,112561,101181],{"class":140},[31,112563,120],{"class":41},[31,112565,112566,112568,112570,112572],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112567,134],{"class":133},[31,112569,137],{"class":41},[31,112571,1550],{"class":140},[31,112573,120],{"class":41},[31,112575,112576],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,112577,112578],{"class":157},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112580,112581,112583],{},[28,112582,103386],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[72,112585,4255,112587,4258],{"id":112586},"what-setunion-does",[28,112588,108630],{},[14,112590,112591,48],{},[28,112592,108630],{},[228,112594,112595,112598,112601,112603],{},[231,112596,112597],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[231,112599,112600],{},"keeps only unique values",[231,112602,111218],{},[231,112604,111227],{},[14,112606,112607],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112609,96911,112610,70],{},[264,112611,96915],{"href":98086},[72,112613,2733],{"id":2732},[21,112615,112617],{"className":23,"code":112616,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[28,112618,112619],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112620,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112622,101172],{"class":37},[31,112624,70],{"class":41},[31,112626,111856],{"class":140},[31,112628,137],{"class":41},[31,112630,101181],{"class":140},[31,112632,99],{"class":41},[31,112634,101208],{"class":140},[31,112636,99],{"class":41},[31,112638,35058],{"class":133},[31,112640,120],{"class":41},[14,112642,13648],{},[228,112644,112645,112648,112651],{},[231,112646,112647],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[231,112649,112650],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[231,112652,112653],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112655,112656],{},"Example with two sets:",[21,112658,112660],{"className":23,"code":112659,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[28,112661,112662,112678,112694,112698,112716],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112663,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112665,3130],{"class":37},[31,112667,89],{"class":88},[31,112669,11082],{"class":41},[31,112671,146],{"class":95},[31,112673,99],{"class":41},[31,112675,3571],{"class":95},[31,112677,9900],{"class":41},[31,112679,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690,112692],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112681,3158],{"class":37},[31,112683,89],{"class":88},[31,112685,11082],{"class":41},[31,112687,193],{"class":95},[31,112689,99],{"class":41},[31,112691,3027],{"class":95},[31,112693,9900],{"class":41},[31,112695,112696],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,112697,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112699,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,112701,1522],{"class":37},[31,112703,89],{"class":88},[31,112705,57496],{"class":37},[31,112707,70],{"class":41},[31,112709,111856],{"class":140},[31,112711,137],{"class":41},[31,112713,274],{"class":140},[31,112715,120],{"class":41},[31,112717,112718,112720,112722,112724],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112719,134],{"class":133},[31,112721,137],{"class":41},[31,112723,1550],{"class":140},[31,112725,120],{"class":41},[72,112727,22569],{"id":22568},[14,112729,112730,101353,112732,70],{},[28,112731,108630],{},[67,112733,101356],{},[14,112735,112736],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[228,112738,112739,112742],{},[231,112740,112741],{},"the original set",[231,112743,112744,112745],{},"all arguments passed to ",[28,112746,103386],{},[14,112748,242],{},[21,112750,112752],{"className":23,"code":112751,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[28,112753,112754,112770,112786,112790,112808,112812,112825],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112755,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112757,3130],{"class":37},[31,112759,89],{"class":88},[31,112761,11082],{"class":41},[31,112763,146],{"class":95},[31,112765,99],{"class":41},[31,112767,3571],{"class":95},[31,112769,9900],{"class":41},[31,112771,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112773,3158],{"class":37},[31,112775,89],{"class":88},[31,112777,11082],{"class":41},[31,112779,193],{"class":95},[31,112781,99],{"class":41},[31,112783,3027],{"class":95},[31,112785,9900],{"class":41},[31,112787,112788],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,112789,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112791,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,112793,1522],{"class":37},[31,112795,89],{"class":88},[31,112797,57496],{"class":37},[31,112799,70],{"class":41},[31,112801,111856],{"class":140},[31,112803,137],{"class":41},[31,112805,274],{"class":140},[31,112807,120],{"class":41},[31,112809,112810],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112811,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112813,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,112815,134],{"class":133},[31,112817,137],{"class":41},[31,112819,1550],{"class":140},[31,112821,4238],{"class":41},[31,112823,112824],{"class":157},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[31,112826,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,112828,134],{"class":133},[31,112830,137],{"class":41},[31,112832,264],{"class":140},[31,112834,4238],{"class":41},[31,112836,112837],{"class":157},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112839,2862,112840,112842],{},[28,112841,264],{}," did not change.",[14,112844,111460],{},[228,112846,112847,112849],{},[231,112848,111465],{},[231,112850,112851],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112853,112854],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[72,112856,12068],{"id":12067},[14,112858,112859],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[21,112861,112863],{"className":23,"code":112862,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[28,112864,112865,112898,112931,112935,112955,112959,112969],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112866,112867,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112868,112869],{"class":37},"fruits1 ",[31,112871,89],{"class":88},[31,112873,11082],{"class":41},[31,112875,260],{"class":259},[31,112877,4660],{"class":263},[31,112879,260],{"class":259},[31,112881,99],{"class":41},[31,112883,271],{"class":259},[31,112885,4669],{"class":263},[31,112887,260],{"class":259},[31,112889,99],{"class":41},[31,112891,271],{"class":259},[31,112893,33825],{"class":263},[31,112895,260],{"class":259},[31,112897,9900],{"class":41},[31,112899,112900,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,112901,112902],{"class":37},"fruits2 ",[31,112904,89],{"class":88},[31,112906,11082],{"class":41},[31,112908,260],{"class":259},[31,112910,4669],{"class":263},[31,112912,260],{"class":259},[31,112914,99],{"class":41},[31,112916,271],{"class":259},[31,112918,23132],{"class":263},[31,112920,260],{"class":259},[31,112922,99],{"class":41},[31,112924,271],{"class":259},[31,112926,33825],{"class":263},[31,112928,260],{"class":259},[31,112930,9900],{"class":41},[31,112932,112933],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,112934,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112936,112937,112939,112941,112944,112946,112948,112950,112953],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,112938,1522],{"class":37},[31,112940,89],{"class":88},[31,112942,112943],{"class":37}," fruits1",[31,112945,70],{"class":41},[31,112947,111856],{"class":140},[31,112949,137],{"class":41},[31,112951,112952],{"class":140},"fruits2",[31,112954,120],{"class":41},[31,112956,112957],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,112958,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,112962,134],{"class":133},[31,112964,137],{"class":41},[31,112966,1550],{"class":140},[31,112968,120],{"class":41},[31,112970,112971,112973,112975,112978],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,112972,134],{"class":133},[31,112974,137],{"class":41},[31,112976,112977],{"class":140},"fruits1",[31,112979,120],{"class":41},[14,112981,30632],{},[21,112983,112985],{"className":23,"code":112984,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[28,112986,112987,113023],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,112988,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,112990,9869],{"class":41},[31,112992,370],{"class":259},[31,112994,4669],{"class":263},[31,112996,370],{"class":259},[31,112998,99],{"class":41},[31,113000,379],{"class":259},[31,113002,33825],{"class":263},[31,113004,370],{"class":259},[31,113006,99],{"class":41},[31,113008,379],{"class":259},[31,113010,4660],{"class":263},[31,113012,370],{"class":259},[31,113014,99],{"class":41},[31,113016,379],{"class":259},[31,113018,23132],{"class":263},[31,113020,370],{"class":259},[31,113022,9900],{"class":41},[31,113024,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113026,9869],{"class":41},[31,113028,370],{"class":259},[31,113030,4669],{"class":263},[31,113032,370],{"class":259},[31,113034,99],{"class":41},[31,113036,379],{"class":259},[31,113038,33825],{"class":263},[31,113040,370],{"class":259},[31,113042,99],{"class":41},[31,113044,379],{"class":259},[31,113046,4660],{"class":263},[31,113048,370],{"class":259},[31,113050,9900],{"class":41},[14,113052,113053],{},"What this shows:",[228,113055,113056,113063,113066],{},[231,113057,113058,4975,113060,113062],{},[28,113059,65882],{},[28,113061,66309],{}," appear in both sets",[231,113064,113065],{},"they appear only once in the result",[231,113067,113068,113070],{},[28,113069,112977],{}," stays unchanged",[72,113072,9007,113074,101745],{"id":113073},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[28,113075,103386],{},[14,113077,113078],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[21,113080,113082],{"className":23,"code":113081,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,113083,113084,113100,113116,113133,113150,113154,113181,113185],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113085,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113087,111288],{"class":37},[31,113089,89],{"class":88},[31,113091,11082],{"class":41},[31,113093,146],{"class":95},[31,113095,99],{"class":41},[31,113097,3571],{"class":95},[31,113099,9900],{"class":41},[31,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113103,111309],{"class":37},[31,113105,89],{"class":88},[31,113107,11082],{"class":41},[31,113109,193],{"class":95},[31,113111,99],{"class":41},[31,113113,3027],{"class":95},[31,113115,9900],{"class":41},[31,113117,113118,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113119,113120],{"class":37},"set3 ",[31,113122,89],{"class":88},[31,113124,11082],{"class":41},[31,113126,173],{"class":95},[31,113128,99],{"class":41},[31,113130,3033],{"class":95},[31,113132,9900],{"class":41},[31,113134,113135,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113136,113137],{"class":37},"set4 ",[31,113139,89],{"class":88},[31,113141,11082],{"class":41},[31,113143,151],{"class":95},[31,113145,99],{"class":41},[31,113147,5187],{"class":95},[31,113149,9900],{"class":41},[31,113151,113152],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,113153,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113155,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113179],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,113157,1522],{"class":37},[31,113159,89],{"class":88},[31,113161,111338],{"class":37},[31,113163,70],{"class":41},[31,113165,111856],{"class":140},[31,113167,137],{"class":41},[31,113169,101181],{"class":140},[31,113171,99],{"class":41},[31,113173,101208],{"class":140},[31,113175,99],{"class":41},[31,113177,113178],{"class":140}," set4",[31,113180,120],{"class":41},[31,113182,113183],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,113184,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113186,113187,113189,113191,113193],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,113188,134],{"class":133},[31,113190,137],{"class":41},[31,113192,1550],{"class":140},[31,113194,120],{"class":41},[14,113196,30632],{},[21,113198,113200],{"className":23,"code":113199,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[28,113201,113202],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113203,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222,113224],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113205,9869],{"class":41},[31,113207,146],{"class":95},[31,113209,99],{"class":41},[31,113211,3571],{"class":95},[31,113213,99],{"class":41},[31,113215,3027],{"class":95},[31,113217,99],{"class":41},[31,113219,3033],{"class":95},[31,113221,99],{"class":41},[31,113223,5187],{"class":95},[31,113225,9900],{"class":41},[14,113227,113228],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[72,113230,9007,113232,113234],{"id":113231},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[28,113233,103386],{}," with other iterables",[14,113236,113237,113239],{},[28,113238,103386],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[613,113241,113243],{"id":113242},"with-a-list","With a list",[21,113245,113247],{"className":23,"code":113246,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[28,113248,113249,113269,113293,113297,113315],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113250,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113252,85],{"class":37},[31,113254,89],{"class":88},[31,113256,11082],{"class":41},[31,113258,146],{"class":95},[31,113260,99],{"class":41},[31,113262,3571],{"class":95},[31,113264,99],{"class":41},[31,113266,3027],{"class":95},[31,113268,9900],{"class":41},[31,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113272,61655],{"class":37},[31,113274,89],{"class":88},[31,113276,4200],{"class":41},[31,113278,173],{"class":95},[31,113280,99],{"class":41},[31,113282,3033],{"class":95},[31,113284,99],{"class":41},[31,113286,5187],{"class":95},[31,113288,99],{"class":41},[31,113290,5187],{"class":95},[31,113292,59],{"class":41},[31,113294,113295],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113296,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113298,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113300,1522],{"class":37},[31,113302,89],{"class":88},[31,113304,1527],{"class":37},[31,113306,70],{"class":41},[31,113308,111856],{"class":140},[31,113310,137],{"class":41},[31,113312,61684],{"class":140},[31,113314,120],{"class":41},[31,113316,113317,113319,113321,113323],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,113318,134],{"class":133},[31,113320,137],{"class":41},[31,113322,1550],{"class":140},[31,113324,120],{"class":41},[14,113326,30632],{},[21,113328,113329],{"className":23,"code":113199,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,113330,113331],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113332,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113334,9869],{"class":41},[31,113336,146],{"class":95},[31,113338,99],{"class":41},[31,113340,3571],{"class":95},[31,113342,99],{"class":41},[31,113344,3027],{"class":95},[31,113346,99],{"class":41},[31,113348,3033],{"class":95},[31,113350,99],{"class":41},[31,113352,5187],{"class":95},[31,113354,9900],{"class":41},[14,113356,21576,113357,113359],{},[28,113358,559],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[613,113361,113363],{"id":113362},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[21,113365,113367],{"className":23,"code":113366,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[28,113368,113369,113393,113426,113430,113449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113370,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113372,252],{"class":37},[31,113374,89],{"class":88},[31,113376,11082],{"class":41},[31,113378,260],{"class":259},[31,113380,264],{"class":263},[31,113382,260],{"class":259},[31,113384,99],{"class":41},[31,113386,271],{"class":259},[31,113388,274],{"class":263},[31,113390,260],{"class":259},[31,113392,9900],{"class":41},[31,113394,113395,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113396,113397],{"class":37},"more_letters ",[31,113399,89],{"class":88},[31,113401,92],{"class":41},[31,113403,260],{"class":259},[31,113405,274],{"class":263},[31,113407,260],{"class":259},[31,113409,99],{"class":41},[31,113411,271],{"class":259},[31,113413,283],{"class":263},[31,113415,260],{"class":259},[31,113417,99],{"class":41},[31,113419,271],{"class":259},[31,113421,292],{"class":263},[31,113423,260],{"class":259},[31,113425,120],{"class":41},[31,113427,113428],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113429,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113431,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442,113444,113447],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113433,1522],{"class":37},[31,113435,89],{"class":88},[31,113437,319],{"class":37},[31,113439,70],{"class":41},[31,113441,111856],{"class":140},[31,113443,137],{"class":41},[31,113445,113446],{"class":140},"more_letters",[31,113448,120],{"class":41},[31,113450,113451,113453,113455,113457],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,113452,134],{"class":133},[31,113454,137],{"class":41},[31,113456,1550],{"class":140},[31,113458,120],{"class":41},[14,113460,30632],{},[21,113462,113464],{"className":23,"code":113463,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[28,113465,113466],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113467,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113469,9869],{"class":41},[31,113471,370],{"class":259},[31,113473,264],{"class":263},[31,113475,370],{"class":259},[31,113477,99],{"class":41},[31,113479,379],{"class":259},[31,113481,274],{"class":263},[31,113483,370],{"class":259},[31,113485,99],{"class":41},[31,113487,379],{"class":259},[31,113489,283],{"class":263},[31,113491,370],{"class":259},[31,113493,99],{"class":41},[31,113495,379],{"class":259},[31,113497,292],{"class":263},[31,113499,370],{"class":259},[31,113501,9900],{"class":41},[613,113503,113505],{"id":113504},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,113507,113508],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[21,113510,113512],{"className":23,"code":113511,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,113513,113514,113539,113562,113566],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113515,113516,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113517,113518],{"class":37},"chars ",[31,113520,89],{"class":88},[31,113522,11082],{"class":41},[31,113524,260],{"class":259},[31,113526,264],{"class":263},[31,113528,260],{"class":259},[31,113530,99],{"class":41},[31,113532,271],{"class":259},[31,113534,274],{"class":263},[31,113536,260],{"class":259},[31,113538,9900],{"class":41},[31,113540,113541,113543,113545,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113542,1522],{"class":37},[31,113544,89],{"class":88},[31,113546,113547],{"class":37}," chars",[31,113549,70],{"class":41},[31,113551,111856],{"class":140},[31,113553,137],{"class":41},[31,113555,260],{"class":259},[31,113557,37651],{"class":263},[31,113559,260],{"class":259},[31,113561,120],{"class":41},[31,113563,113564],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113565,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113567,113568,113570,113572,113574],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113569,134],{"class":133},[31,113571,137],{"class":41},[31,113573,1550],{"class":140},[31,113575,120],{"class":41},[14,113577,30632],{},[21,113579,113581],{"className":23,"code":113580,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[28,113582,113583],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113584,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113586,9869],{"class":41},[31,113588,370],{"class":259},[31,113590,264],{"class":263},[31,113592,370],{"class":259},[31,113594,99],{"class":41},[31,113596,379],{"class":259},[31,113598,274],{"class":263},[31,113600,370],{"class":259},[31,113602,99],{"class":41},[31,113604,379],{"class":259},[31,113606,283],{"class":263},[31,113608,370],{"class":259},[31,113610,99],{"class":41},[31,113612,379],{"class":259},[31,113614,63895],{"class":263},[31,113616,370],{"class":259},[31,113618,9900],{"class":41},[14,113620,22788,113621,113624],{},[28,113622,113623],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[228,113626,113627,113631,113635],{},[231,113628,113629],{},[28,113630,67089],{},[231,113632,113633],{},[28,113634,18695],{},[231,113636,113637],{},[28,113638,113639],{},"\"t\"",[72,113641,113643,11177,113645],{"id":113642},"union-vs-update",[28,113644,103386],{},[28,113646,15552],{},[14,113648,113649,4975,113651,113653],{},[28,113650,103386],{},[28,113652,15552],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[613,113655,113656],{"id":111856},[28,113657,103386],{},[228,113659,113660,113662],{},[231,113661,111218],{},[231,113663,111227],{},[21,113665,113666],{"className":23,"code":112751,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,113667,113668,113684,113700,113704,113722,113726,113738],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113669,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678,113680,113682],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113671,3130],{"class":37},[31,113673,89],{"class":88},[31,113675,11082],{"class":41},[31,113677,146],{"class":95},[31,113679,99],{"class":41},[31,113681,3571],{"class":95},[31,113683,9900],{"class":41},[31,113685,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113687,3158],{"class":37},[31,113689,89],{"class":88},[31,113691,11082],{"class":41},[31,113693,193],{"class":95},[31,113695,99],{"class":41},[31,113697,3027],{"class":95},[31,113699,9900],{"class":41},[31,113701,113702],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113703,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113705,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113707,1522],{"class":37},[31,113709,89],{"class":88},[31,113711,57496],{"class":37},[31,113713,70],{"class":41},[31,113715,111856],{"class":140},[31,113717,137],{"class":41},[31,113719,274],{"class":140},[31,113721,120],{"class":41},[31,113723,113724],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,113725,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113727,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,113729,134],{"class":133},[31,113731,137],{"class":41},[31,113733,1550],{"class":140},[31,113735,4238],{"class":41},[31,113737,112824],{"class":157},[31,113739,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,113741,134],{"class":133},[31,113743,137],{"class":41},[31,113745,264],{"class":140},[31,113747,4238],{"class":41},[31,113749,112837],{"class":157},[613,113751,113752],{"id":31067},[28,113753,15552],{},[228,113755,113756,113759],{},[231,113757,113758],{},"changes the existing set in place",[231,113760,113761],{},"does not create a separate result set",[21,113763,113765],{"className":23,"code":113764,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[28,113766,113767,113783,113799,113803,113817,113821],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113768,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113770,3130],{"class":37},[31,113772,89],{"class":88},[31,113774,11082],{"class":41},[31,113776,146],{"class":95},[31,113778,99],{"class":41},[31,113780,3571],{"class":95},[31,113782,9900],{"class":41},[31,113784,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113786,3158],{"class":37},[31,113788,89],{"class":88},[31,113790,11082],{"class":41},[31,113792,193],{"class":95},[31,113794,99],{"class":41},[31,113796,3027],{"class":95},[31,113798,9900],{"class":41},[31,113800,113801],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113802,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113804,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813,113815],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113806,264],{"class":37},[31,113808,70],{"class":41},[31,113810,31067],{"class":140},[31,113812,137],{"class":41},[31,113814,274],{"class":140},[31,113816,120],{"class":41},[31,113818,113819],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,113820,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113822,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,113824,134],{"class":133},[31,113826,137],{"class":41},[31,113828,264],{"class":140},[31,113830,4238],{"class":41},[31,113832,112824],{"class":157},[14,113834,2668,113835,113837],{},[28,113836,103386],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113839,113840,113841,70],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[264,113842,4152,113843,11333],{"href":99106},[28,113844,97901],{},[72,113846,5101],{"id":5100},[613,113848,9043,113850,113852],{"id":113849},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[28,113851,103386],{}," to change the original set",[14,113854,82411],{},[21,113856,113858],{"className":23,"code":113857,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[28,113859,113860,113876,113892,113896,113910],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113861,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113863,3130],{"class":37},[31,113865,89],{"class":88},[31,113867,11082],{"class":41},[31,113869,146],{"class":95},[31,113871,99],{"class":41},[31,113873,3571],{"class":95},[31,113875,9900],{"class":41},[31,113877,113878,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113879,3158],{"class":37},[31,113881,89],{"class":88},[31,113883,11082],{"class":41},[31,113885,193],{"class":95},[31,113887,99],{"class":41},[31,113889,3027],{"class":95},[31,113891,9900],{"class":41},[31,113893,113894],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113895,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113897,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113899,264],{"class":37},[31,113901,70],{"class":41},[31,113903,111856],{"class":140},[31,113905,137],{"class":41},[31,113907,274],{"class":140},[31,113909,120],{"class":41},[31,113911,113912,113914,113916,113918],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,113913,134],{"class":133},[31,113915,137],{"class":41},[31,113917,264],{"class":140},[31,113919,120],{"class":41},[14,113921,358],{},[21,113923,113924],{"className":23,"code":101094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,113925,113926],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113927,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113929,9869],{"class":41},[31,113931,146],{"class":95},[31,113933,99],{"class":41},[31,113935,3571],{"class":95},[31,113937,9900],{"class":41},[14,113939,9086,113940,113942],{},[28,113941,103386],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113944,113945],{},"Fix it like this:",[21,113947,113949],{"className":23,"code":113948,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[28,113950,113951,113967,113983,113987,114005],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,113952,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,113954,3130],{"class":37},[31,113956,89],{"class":88},[31,113958,11082],{"class":41},[31,113960,146],{"class":95},[31,113962,99],{"class":41},[31,113964,3571],{"class":95},[31,113966,9900],{"class":41},[31,113968,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,113970,3158],{"class":37},[31,113972,89],{"class":88},[31,113974,11082],{"class":41},[31,113976,193],{"class":95},[31,113978,99],{"class":41},[31,113980,3027],{"class":95},[31,113982,9900],{"class":41},[31,113984,113985],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,113986,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,113988,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,113990,3130],{"class":37},[31,113992,89],{"class":88},[31,113994,57496],{"class":37},[31,113996,70],{"class":41},[31,113998,111856],{"class":140},[31,114000,137],{"class":41},[31,114002,274],{"class":140},[31,114004,120],{"class":41},[31,114006,114007,114009,114011,114013],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,114008,134],{"class":133},[31,114010,137],{"class":41},[31,114012,264],{"class":140},[31,114014,120],{"class":41},[613,114016,114018],{"id":114017},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,114020,114021],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[21,114023,114025],{"className":23,"code":114024,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[28,114026,114027,114043,114059,114063],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114028,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037,114039,114041],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114030,3130],{"class":37},[31,114032,89],{"class":88},[31,114034,11082],{"class":41},[31,114036,173],{"class":95},[31,114038,99],{"class":41},[31,114040,6082],{"class":95},[31,114042,9900],{"class":41},[31,114044,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114046,3158],{"class":37},[31,114048,89],{"class":88},[31,114050,11082],{"class":41},[31,114052,193],{"class":95},[31,114054,99],{"class":41},[31,114056,3033],{"class":95},[31,114058,9900],{"class":41},[31,114060,114061],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114062,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,114064,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114066,134],{"class":133},[31,114068,137],{"class":41},[31,114070,264],{"class":140},[31,114072,70],{"class":41},[31,114074,111856],{"class":140},[31,114076,137],{"class":41},[31,114078,274],{"class":140},[31,114080,1569],{"class":41},[14,114082,114083],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[613,114085,114087],{"id":114086},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[21,114089,114091],{"className":23,"code":114090,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[28,114092,114093,114109,114131],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114094,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114096,4651],{"class":37},[31,114098,89],{"class":88},[31,114100,11082],{"class":41},[31,114102,260],{"class":259},[31,114104,58736],{"class":263},[31,114106,260],{"class":259},[31,114108,9900],{"class":41},[31,114110,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114112,1522],{"class":37},[31,114114,89],{"class":88},[31,114116,6752],{"class":37},[31,114118,70],{"class":41},[31,114120,111856],{"class":140},[31,114122,137],{"class":41},[31,114124,260],{"class":259},[31,114126,37651],{"class":263},[31,114128,260],{"class":259},[31,114130,120],{"class":41},[31,114132,114133,114135,114137,114139],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114134,134],{"class":133},[31,114136,137],{"class":41},[31,114138,1550],{"class":140},[31,114140,120],{"class":41},[14,114142,114143,114144,2766,114146,17670,114148,114150,114151,114153],{},"This adds ",[28,114145,67089],{},[28,114147,18695],{},[28,114149,113639],{}," as separate items, not ",[28,114152,113623],{}," as one item.",[14,114155,114156],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[21,114158,114160],{"className":23,"code":114159,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[28,114161,114162,114178,114200],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114163,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114165,4651],{"class":37},[31,114167,89],{"class":88},[31,114169,11082],{"class":41},[31,114171,260],{"class":259},[31,114173,58736],{"class":263},[31,114175,260],{"class":259},[31,114177,9900],{"class":41},[31,114179,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114181,1522],{"class":37},[31,114183,89],{"class":88},[31,114185,6752],{"class":37},[31,114187,70],{"class":41},[31,114189,111856],{"class":140},[31,114191,3564],{"class":41},[31,114193,260],{"class":259},[31,114195,37651],{"class":263},[31,114197,260],{"class":259},[31,114199,566],{"class":41},[31,114201,114202,114204,114206,114208],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114203,134],{"class":133},[31,114205,137],{"class":41},[31,114207,1550],{"class":140},[31,114209,120],{"class":41},[613,114211,114213],{"id":114212},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,114215,3414],{},[21,114217,114219],{"className":23,"code":114218,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[28,114220,114221],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114222,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114224,16226],{"class":37},[31,114226,89],{"class":88},[31,114228,11082],{"class":41},[31,114230,146],{"class":95},[31,114232,99],{"class":41},[31,114234,3571],{"class":95},[31,114236,99],{"class":41},[31,114238,4200],{"class":41},[31,114240,173],{"class":95},[31,114242,99],{"class":41},[31,114244,3033],{"class":95},[31,114246,14303],{"class":41},[14,114248,114249],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,114251,114252,114253,48],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[28,114254,103386],{},[21,114256,114258],{"className":23,"code":114257,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[28,114259,114260,114276,114298],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114261,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114263,16226],{"class":37},[31,114265,89],{"class":88},[31,114267,11082],{"class":41},[31,114269,146],{"class":95},[31,114271,99],{"class":41},[31,114273,3571],{"class":95},[31,114275,9900],{"class":41},[31,114277,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114279,1522],{"class":37},[31,114281,89],{"class":88},[31,114283,97511],{"class":37},[31,114285,70],{"class":41},[31,114287,111856],{"class":140},[31,114289,3564],{"class":41},[31,114291,173],{"class":95},[31,114293,99],{"class":41},[31,114295,3033],{"class":95},[31,114297,566],{"class":41},[31,114299,114300,114302,114304,114306],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114301,134],{"class":133},[31,114303,137],{"class":41},[31,114305,1550],{"class":140},[31,114307,120],{"class":41},[72,114309,2317],{"id":2316},[14,114311,114312],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[228,114314,114315,114321,114328,114331],{},[231,114316,114317,114318,114320],{},"call ",[28,114319,103386],{}," without saving the returned set",[231,114322,114323,114324,9295,114326],{},"confuse ",[28,114325,103386],{},[28,114327,15552],{},[231,114329,114330],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[231,114332,114333],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,114335,114336,114337,4975,114341,70],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[264,114338,4152,114339,11333],{"href":103375},[28,114340,107160],{},[264,114342,4152,114344,11333],{"href":114343},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[28,114345,101006],{},[14,114347,62903],{},[21,114349,114351],{"className":23,"code":114350,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[28,114352,114353,114363,114377,114387],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114354,114355,114357,114359,114361],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114356,134],{"class":133},[31,114358,137],{"class":41},[31,114360,16264],{"class":140},[31,114362,120],{"class":41},[31,114364,114365,114367,114369,114371,114373,114375],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114366,134],{"class":133},[31,114368,137],{"class":41},[31,114370,1562],{"class":1561},[31,114372,137],{"class":41},[31,114374,16264],{"class":140},[31,114376,1569],{"class":41},[31,114378,114379,114381,114383,114385],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114380,134],{"class":133},[31,114382,137],{"class":41},[31,114384,1550],{"class":140},[31,114386,120],{"class":41},[31,114388,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114390,32756],{"class":133},[31,114392,137],{"class":41},[31,114394,6871],{"class":1561},[31,114396,70],{"class":41},[31,114398,111856],{"class":25350},[31,114400,120],{"class":41},[72,114402,2435],{"id":2434},[613,114404,13299,114406,103326],{"id":114405},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[28,114407,108630],{},[14,114409,103329],{},[613,114411,5752,114413,114415],{"id":114412},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[28,114414,103386],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,114417,114418],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[613,114420,28930,114422,114424],{"id":114421},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[28,114423,103386],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,114426,42758,114427,114429],{},[28,114428,103386],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[613,114431,114433],{"id":114432},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,114435,114436],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[613,114438,5762,114440,4975,114442,2466],{"id":114439},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[28,114441,103386],{},[28,114443,114444],{},"|",[14,114446,114447,114448,114450,114451,114453],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[28,114449,114444],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[28,114452,103386],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[72,114455,2475],{"id":2474},[228,114457,114458,114462,114468,114474,114480],{},[231,114459,114460],{},[264,114461,96915],{"href":98086},[231,114463,114464],{},[264,114465,4152,114466,11333],{"href":99106},[28,114467,97901],{},[231,114469,114470],{},[264,114471,4152,114472,11333],{"href":103375},[28,114473,107160],{},[231,114475,114476],{},[264,114477,4152,114478,11333],{"href":114343},[28,114479,101006],{},[231,114481,114482],{},[264,114483,100931],{"href":99664},[2499,114485,114486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":114488},[114489,114490,114492,114493,114494,114495,114497,114503,114508,114515,114516,114527],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":112586,"depth":123,"text":114491},"What set.union() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":22568,"depth":123,"text":22569},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":113073,"depth":123,"text":114496},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113231,"depth":123,"text":114498,"children":114499},"Using union() with other iterables",[114500,114501,114502],{"id":113242,"depth":130,"text":113243},{"id":113362,"depth":130,"text":113363},{"id":113504,"depth":130,"text":113505},{"id":113642,"depth":123,"text":114504,"children":114505},"union() vs update()",[114506,114507],{"id":111856,"depth":130,"text":103386},{"id":31067,"depth":130,"text":15552},{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":114509},[114510,114512,114513,114514],{"id":113849,"depth":130,"text":114511},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":114017,"depth":130,"text":114018},{"id":114086,"depth":130,"text":114087},{"id":114212,"depth":130,"text":114213},{"id":2316,"depth":123,"text":2317},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":114517},[114518,114520,114522,114524,114525],{"id":114405,"depth":130,"text":114519},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114412,"depth":130,"text":114521},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114421,"depth":130,"text":114523},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114432,"depth":130,"text":114433},{"id":114439,"depth":130,"text":114526},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112466,"description":114528},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114534,"title":114535,"body":114536,"description":116425,"extension":2542,"meta":116426,"navigation":126,"path":97400,"seo":116427,"stem":116428,"__hash__":116429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114537,"toc":116391},[114538,114543,114548,114556,114558,114616,114621,114626,114630,114642,114645,114719,114724,114726,114728,114747,114749,114766,114769,114796,114798,114868,114872,114874,114880,114882,114943,114948,114950,115007,115011,115016,115081,115083,115103,115110,115114,115119,115204,115207,115214,115317,115321,115326,115384,115387,115398,115412,115419,115477,115484,115487,115497,115501,115559,115563,115629,115632,115690,115697,115704,115707,115711,115720,115789,115793,115799,115887,115897,115901,115905,115909,115912,115973,115978,116035,116039,116041,116076,116083,116085,116139,116146,116150,116153,116218,116227,116233,116290,116292,116297,116301,116305,116308,116315,116323,116327,116332,116336,116342,116344,116379,116388],[10,114539,96787,114541,11914],{"id":114540},"python-set-update-method",[28,114542,15552],{},[14,114544,114545,114547],{},[28,114546,97901],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114549,114550,114551,114555],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[264,114552,114553],{"href":99087},[28,114554,96795],{},", which adds only one item.",[72,114557,4186],{"id":4185},[21,114559,114561],{"className":23,"code":114560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,114562,114563,114579,114601,114611],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114564,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575,114577],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114566,85],{"class":37},[31,114568,89],{"class":88},[31,114570,11082],{"class":41},[31,114572,146],{"class":95},[31,114574,99],{"class":41},[31,114576,3571],{"class":95},[31,114578,9900],{"class":41},[31,114580,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114582,141],{"class":37},[31,114584,70],{"class":41},[31,114586,31067],{"class":140},[31,114588,3564],{"class":41},[31,114590,193],{"class":95},[31,114592,99],{"class":41},[31,114594,3027],{"class":95},[31,114596,99],{"class":41},[31,114598,3033],{"class":95},[31,114600,566],{"class":41},[31,114602,114603,114605,114607,114609],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114604,134],{"class":133},[31,114606,137],{"class":41},[31,114608,141],{"class":140},[31,114610,120],{"class":41},[31,114612,114613],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114614,114615],{"class":157},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114617,2668,114618,114620],{},[28,114619,15552],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[72,114622,4255,114624,4258],{"id":114623},"what-setupdate-does",[28,114625,97901],{},[14,114627,114628,48],{},[28,114629,97901],{},[228,114631,114632,114635,114637,114640],{},[231,114633,114634],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[231,114636,96902],{},[231,114638,114639],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[231,114641,96905],{},[14,114643,114644],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[21,114646,114648],{"className":23,"code":114647,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[28,114649,114650,114674,114700,114704,114714],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114651,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114653,13672],{"class":37},[31,114655,89],{"class":88},[31,114657,11082],{"class":41},[31,114659,260],{"class":259},[31,114661,13689],{"class":263},[31,114663,260],{"class":259},[31,114665,99],{"class":41},[31,114667,271],{"class":259},[31,114669,13706],{"class":263},[31,114671,260],{"class":259},[31,114673,9900],{"class":41},[31,114675,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114677,18101],{"class":37},[31,114679,70],{"class":41},[31,114681,31067],{"class":140},[31,114683,3564],{"class":41},[31,114685,260],{"class":259},[31,114687,13706],{"class":263},[31,114689,260],{"class":259},[31,114691,99],{"class":41},[31,114693,271],{"class":259},[31,114695,18054],{"class":263},[31,114697,260],{"class":259},[31,114699,566],{"class":41},[31,114701,114702],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114703,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,114705,114706,114708,114710,114712],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114707,134],{"class":133},[31,114709,137],{"class":41},[31,114711,18101],{"class":140},[31,114713,120],{"class":41},[31,114715,114716],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,114717,114718],{"class":157},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114720,21576,114721,114723],{},[28,114722,111621],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[72,114725,2733],{"id":2732},[14,114727,7805],{},[21,114729,114731],{"className":23,"code":114730,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[28,114732,114733],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114734,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114736,16264],{"class":37},[31,114738,70],{"class":41},[31,114740,31067],{"class":140},[31,114742,137],{"class":41},[31,114744,4299],{"class":140},[31,114746,120],{"class":41},[14,114748,80788],{},[228,114750,114751,114754,114757,114760,114763],{},[231,114752,114753],{},"A list",[231,114755,114756],{},"A tuple",[231,114758,114759],{},"Another set",[231,114761,114762],{},"A string",[231,114764,114765],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114767,114768],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[21,114770,114772],{"className":23,"code":114771,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[28,114773,114774],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114775,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114777,16264],{"class":37},[31,114779,70],{"class":41},[31,114781,31067],{"class":140},[31,114783,137],{"class":41},[31,114785,264],{"class":140},[31,114787,99],{"class":41},[31,114789,3135],{"class":140},[31,114791,99],{"class":41},[31,114793,10273],{"class":140},[31,114795,120],{"class":41},[14,114797,242],{},[21,114799,114801],{"className":23,"code":114800,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[28,114802,114803,114815,114849,114853,114863],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114804,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114806,4402],{"class":37},[31,114808,89],{"class":88},[31,114810,11082],{"class":41},[31,114812,146],{"class":95},[31,114814,9900],{"class":41},[31,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114818,5942],{"class":37},[31,114820,70],{"class":41},[31,114822,31067],{"class":140},[31,114824,3564],{"class":41},[31,114826,193],{"class":95},[31,114828,99],{"class":41},[31,114830,3027],{"class":95},[31,114832,18661],{"class":41},[31,114834,92],{"class":41},[31,114836,151],{"class":95},[31,114838,99],{"class":41},[31,114840,5187],{"class":95},[31,114842,9825],{"class":41},[31,114844,11082],{"class":41},[31,114846,1305],{"class":95},[31,114848,31099],{"class":41},[31,114850,114851],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114852,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,114854,114855,114857,114859,114861],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114856,134],{"class":133},[31,114858,137],{"class":41},[31,114860,5942],{"class":140},[31,114862,120],{"class":41},[31,114864,114865],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,114866,114867],{"class":157},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114869,96911,114870,70],{},[264,114871,96919],{"href":98470},[72,114873,22569],{"id":22568},[14,114875,114876,2972,114878,70],{},[28,114877,97901],{},[28,114879,4357],{},[14,114881,12308],{},[21,114883,114885],{"className":23,"code":114884,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[28,114886,114887,114903,114925,114929,114939],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114890,85],{"class":37},[31,114892,89],{"class":88},[31,114894,11082],{"class":41},[31,114896,146],{"class":95},[31,114898,99],{"class":41},[31,114900,3571],{"class":95},[31,114902,9900],{"class":41},[31,114904,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114906,1522],{"class":37},[31,114908,89],{"class":88},[31,114910,1527],{"class":37},[31,114912,70],{"class":41},[31,114914,31067],{"class":140},[31,114916,3564],{"class":41},[31,114918,173],{"class":95},[31,114920,99],{"class":41},[31,114922,3033],{"class":95},[31,114924,566],{"class":41},[31,114926,114927],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114928,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,114930,114931,114933,114935,114937],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114932,134],{"class":133},[31,114934,137],{"class":41},[31,114936,1550],{"class":140},[31,114938,120],{"class":41},[31,114940,114941],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,114942,62439],{"class":157},[14,114944,114945,114946,70],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[28,114947,1550],{},[14,114949,19567],{},[21,114951,114953],{"className":23,"code":114952,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,114954,114955,114971,114989,114993,115003],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,114956,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,114958,85],{"class":37},[31,114960,89],{"class":88},[31,114962,11082],{"class":41},[31,114964,146],{"class":95},[31,114966,99],{"class":41},[31,114968,3571],{"class":95},[31,114970,9900],{"class":41},[31,114972,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983,114985,114987],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,114974,141],{"class":37},[31,114976,70],{"class":41},[31,114978,31067],{"class":140},[31,114980,3564],{"class":41},[31,114982,173],{"class":95},[31,114984,99],{"class":41},[31,114986,3033],{"class":95},[31,114988,566],{"class":41},[31,114990,114991],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,114992,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,114994,114995,114997,114999,115001],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,114996,134],{"class":133},[31,114998,137],{"class":41},[31,115000,141],{"class":140},[31,115002,120],{"class":41},[31,115004,115005],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115006,114615],{"class":157},[72,115008,115010],{"id":115009},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,115012,115013,115014,70],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[28,115015,15552],{},[21,115017,115019],{"className":23,"code":115018,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,115020,115021,115037,115063,115067,115077],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115022,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115024,85],{"class":37},[31,115026,89],{"class":88},[31,115028,11082],{"class":41},[31,115030,146],{"class":95},[31,115032,99],{"class":41},[31,115034,3571],{"class":95},[31,115036,9900],{"class":41},[31,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057,115059,115061],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115040,141],{"class":37},[31,115042,70],{"class":41},[31,115044,31067],{"class":140},[31,115046,3564],{"class":41},[31,115048,193],{"class":95},[31,115050,99],{"class":41},[31,115052,3027],{"class":95},[31,115054,99],{"class":41},[31,115056,3033],{"class":95},[31,115058,99],{"class":41},[31,115060,3033],{"class":95},[31,115062,566],{"class":41},[31,115064,115065],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115066,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115068,115069,115071,115073,115075],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115070,134],{"class":133},[31,115072,137],{"class":41},[31,115074,141],{"class":140},[31,115076,120],{"class":41},[31,115078,115079],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115080,114615],{"class":157},[14,115082,12277],{},[228,115084,115085,115090,115097],{},[231,115086,115087,115089],{},[28,115088,193],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[231,115091,115092,4975,115094,115096],{},[28,115093,173],{},[28,115095,151],{}," are added",[231,115098,115099,115100,115102],{},"The second ",[28,115101,151],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,115104,115105,115106,115109],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[264,115107,115108],{"href":99664},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[72,115111,115113],{"id":115112},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,115115,8351,115116,115118],{},[28,115117,15552],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[21,115120,115122],{"className":23,"code":115121,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[28,115123,115124,115145,115166,115170,115186,115190,115200],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115125,115126,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137,115139,115141,115143],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115127,115128],{"class":37},"set_a ",[31,115130,89],{"class":88},[31,115132,11082],{"class":41},[31,115134,146],{"class":95},[31,115136,99],{"class":41},[31,115138,3571],{"class":95},[31,115140,99],{"class":41},[31,115142,3027],{"class":95},[31,115144,9900],{"class":41},[31,115146,115147,115150,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115148,115149],{"class":37},"set_b ",[31,115151,89],{"class":88},[31,115153,11082],{"class":41},[31,115155,173],{"class":95},[31,115157,99],{"class":41},[31,115159,3033],{"class":95},[31,115161,99],{"class":41},[31,115163,5187],{"class":95},[31,115165,9900],{"class":41},[31,115167,115168],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115169,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115171,115172,115175,115177,115179,115181,115184],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115173,115174],{"class":37},"set_a",[31,115176,70],{"class":41},[31,115178,31067],{"class":140},[31,115180,137],{"class":41},[31,115182,115183],{"class":140},"set_b",[31,115185,120],{"class":41},[31,115187,115188],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115189,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115191,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,115193,134],{"class":133},[31,115195,137],{"class":41},[31,115197,115174],{"class":140},[31,115199,120],{"class":41},[31,115201,115202],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,115203,112578],{"class":157},[14,115205,115206],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,115208,115209,115210,70],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[264,115211,115212],{"href":103383},[28,115213,108630],{},[21,115215,115217],{"className":23,"code":115216,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[28,115218,115219,115239,115259,115263,115283,115287,115298,115302,115312],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115220,115221,115223,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115222,115128],{"class":37},[31,115224,89],{"class":88},[31,115226,11082],{"class":41},[31,115228,146],{"class":95},[31,115230,99],{"class":41},[31,115232,3571],{"class":95},[31,115234,99],{"class":41},[31,115236,3027],{"class":95},[31,115238,9900],{"class":41},[31,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115242,115149],{"class":37},[31,115244,89],{"class":88},[31,115246,11082],{"class":41},[31,115248,173],{"class":95},[31,115250,99],{"class":41},[31,115252,3033],{"class":95},[31,115254,99],{"class":41},[31,115256,5187],{"class":95},[31,115258,9900],{"class":41},[31,115260,115261],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115262,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115264,115265,115268,115270,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115266,115267],{"class":37},"combined ",[31,115269,89],{"class":88},[31,115271,115272],{"class":37}," set_a",[31,115274,70],{"class":41},[31,115276,111856],{"class":140},[31,115278,137],{"class":41},[31,115280,115183],{"class":140},[31,115282,120],{"class":41},[31,115284,115285],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115286,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115288,115289,115291,115293,115296],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,115290,134],{"class":133},[31,115292,137],{"class":41},[31,115294,115295],{"class":140},"combined",[31,115297,120],{"class":41},[31,115299,115300],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,115301,112578],{"class":157},[31,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,115305,134],{"class":133},[31,115307,137],{"class":41},[31,115309,115174],{"class":140},[31,115311,120],{"class":41},[31,115313,115314],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,115315,115316],{"class":157},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[72,115318,115320],{"id":115319},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,115322,65348,115323,115325],{},[28,115324,15552],{}," adds each character separately.",[21,115327,115329],{"className":23,"code":115328,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[28,115330,115331,115347,115365,115369,115379],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115332,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115334,252],{"class":37},[31,115336,89],{"class":88},[31,115338,11082],{"class":41},[31,115340,260],{"class":259},[31,115342,2750],{"class":263},[31,115344,260],{"class":259},[31,115346,9900],{"class":41},[31,115348,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115350,353],{"class":37},[31,115352,70],{"class":41},[31,115354,31067],{"class":140},[31,115356,137],{"class":41},[31,115358,260],{"class":259},[31,115360,37651],{"class":263},[31,115362,260],{"class":259},[31,115364,120],{"class":41},[31,115366,115367],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115368,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115370,115371,115373,115375,115377],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115372,134],{"class":133},[31,115374,137],{"class":41},[31,115376,353],{"class":140},[31,115378,120],{"class":41},[31,115380,115381],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115382,115383],{"class":157},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,115385,115386],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,115388,115389,14651,115392,115394,115395,115397],{},[28,115390,115391],{},"update(\"cat\")",[67,115393,5213],{}," add ",[28,115396,113623],{}," as one item. It adds:",[228,115399,115400,115404,115408],{},[231,115401,115402],{},[28,115403,67089],{},[231,115405,115406],{},[28,115407,18695],{},[231,115409,115410],{},[28,115411,113639],{},[14,115413,115414,115415,48],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[264,115416,115417],{"href":99087},[28,115418,96795],{},[21,115420,115422],{"className":23,"code":115421,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[28,115423,115424,115440,115458,115462,115472],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115425,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115427,4651],{"class":37},[31,115429,89],{"class":88},[31,115431,11082],{"class":41},[31,115433,260],{"class":259},[31,115435,58736],{"class":263},[31,115437,260],{"class":259},[31,115439,9900],{"class":41},[31,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115443,4695],{"class":37},[31,115445,70],{"class":41},[31,115447,82690],{"class":140},[31,115449,137],{"class":41},[31,115451,260],{"class":259},[31,115453,37651],{"class":263},[31,115455,260],{"class":259},[31,115457,120],{"class":41},[31,115459,115460],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115461,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115463,115464,115466,115468,115470],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115465,134],{"class":133},[31,115467,137],{"class":41},[31,115469,4695],{"class":140},[31,115471,120],{"class":41},[31,115473,115474],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115475,115476],{"class":157},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[72,115478,115480,11177,115482],{"id":115479},"update-vs-add",[28,115481,15552],{},[28,115483,96790],{},[14,115485,115486],{},"The difference is simple:",[228,115488,115489,115493],{},[231,115490,115491,97389],{},[28,115492,96790],{},[231,115494,115495,97394],{},[28,115496,15552],{},[14,115498,46648,115499,48],{},[28,115500,96790],{},[21,115502,115504],{"className":23,"code":115503,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[28,115505,115506,115522,115540,115544,115554],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115507,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115509,36843],{"class":37},[31,115511,89],{"class":88},[31,115513,11082],{"class":41},[31,115515,260],{"class":259},[31,115517,4660],{"class":263},[31,115519,260],{"class":259},[31,115521,9900],{"class":41},[31,115523,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536,115538],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115525,36895],{"class":37},[31,115527,70],{"class":41},[31,115529,82690],{"class":140},[31,115531,137],{"class":41},[31,115533,260],{"class":259},[31,115535,4669],{"class":263},[31,115537,260],{"class":259},[31,115539,120],{"class":41},[31,115541,115542],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115543,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115545,115546,115548,115550,115552],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115547,134],{"class":133},[31,115549,137],{"class":41},[31,115551,36895],{"class":140},[31,115553,120],{"class":41},[31,115555,115556],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115557,115558],{"class":157},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115560,46648,115561,48],{},[28,115562,15552],{},[21,115564,115566],{"className":23,"code":115565,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[28,115567,115568,115584,115610,115614,115624],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115569,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580,115582],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115571,36843],{"class":37},[31,115573,89],{"class":88},[31,115575,11082],{"class":41},[31,115577,260],{"class":259},[31,115579,4660],{"class":263},[31,115581,260],{"class":259},[31,115583,9900],{"class":41},[31,115585,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115587,36895],{"class":37},[31,115589,70],{"class":41},[31,115591,31067],{"class":140},[31,115593,3564],{"class":41},[31,115595,260],{"class":259},[31,115597,4669],{"class":263},[31,115599,260],{"class":259},[31,115601,99],{"class":41},[31,115603,271],{"class":259},[31,115605,33825],{"class":263},[31,115607,260],{"class":259},[31,115609,566],{"class":41},[31,115611,115612],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115613,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115615,115616,115618,115620,115622],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115617,134],{"class":133},[31,115619,137],{"class":41},[31,115621,36895],{"class":140},[31,115623,120],{"class":41},[31,115625,115626],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115627,115628],{"class":157},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115630,115631],{},"Important warning with strings:",[21,115633,115635],{"className":23,"code":115634,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[28,115636,115637,115653,115671,115675,115685],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115638,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115640,36843],{"class":37},[31,115642,89],{"class":88},[31,115644,11082],{"class":41},[31,115646,260],{"class":259},[31,115648,4660],{"class":263},[31,115650,260],{"class":259},[31,115652,9900],{"class":41},[31,115654,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115656,36895],{"class":37},[31,115658,70],{"class":41},[31,115660,31067],{"class":140},[31,115662,137],{"class":41},[31,115664,260],{"class":259},[31,115666,38946],{"class":263},[31,115668,260],{"class":259},[31,115670,120],{"class":41},[31,115672,115673],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115674,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115676,115677,115679,115681,115683],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115678,134],{"class":133},[31,115680,137],{"class":41},[31,115682,36895],{"class":140},[31,115684,120],{"class":41},[31,115686,115687],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115688,115689],{"class":157},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115691,62714,115692,62787,115695,7217],{},[28,115693,115694],{},"\"kiwi\"",[28,115696,96790],{},[72,115698,115700,11177,115702],{"id":115699},"update-vs-union",[28,115701,15552],{},[28,115703,103386],{},[14,115705,115706],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[613,115708,115709],{"id":31067},[28,115710,15552],{},[228,115712,115713,115716],{},[231,115714,115715],{},"Changes the existing set",[231,115717,12016,115718],{},[28,115719,4357],{},[21,115721,115723],{"className":23,"code":115722,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[28,115724,115725,115741,115757,115761,115775,115785],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115726,115727,115729,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115728,3130],{"class":37},[31,115730,89],{"class":88},[31,115732,11082],{"class":41},[31,115734,146],{"class":95},[31,115736,99],{"class":41},[31,115738,3571],{"class":95},[31,115740,9900],{"class":41},[31,115742,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115744,3158],{"class":37},[31,115746,89],{"class":88},[31,115748,11082],{"class":41},[31,115750,193],{"class":95},[31,115752,99],{"class":41},[31,115754,3027],{"class":95},[31,115756,9900],{"class":41},[31,115758,115759],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115760,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115762,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115764,264],{"class":37},[31,115766,70],{"class":41},[31,115768,31067],{"class":140},[31,115770,137],{"class":41},[31,115772,274],{"class":140},[31,115774,120],{"class":41},[31,115776,115777,115779,115781,115783],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115778,134],{"class":133},[31,115780,137],{"class":41},[31,115782,264],{"class":140},[31,115784,120],{"class":41},[31,115786,115787],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,115788,115316],{"class":157},[613,115790,115791],{"id":111856},[28,115792,103386],{},[228,115794,115795,115797],{},[231,115796,101924],{},[231,115798,101927],{},[21,115800,115802],{"className":23,"code":115801,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[28,115803,115804,115820,115836,115840,115858,115868,115872,115882],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115805,115806,115808,115810,115812,115814,115816,115818],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115807,3130],{"class":37},[31,115809,89],{"class":88},[31,115811,11082],{"class":41},[31,115813,146],{"class":95},[31,115815,99],{"class":41},[31,115817,3571],{"class":95},[31,115819,9900],{"class":41},[31,115821,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115823,3158],{"class":37},[31,115825,89],{"class":88},[31,115827,11082],{"class":41},[31,115829,193],{"class":95},[31,115831,99],{"class":41},[31,115833,3027],{"class":95},[31,115835,9900],{"class":41},[31,115837,115838],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115839,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115841,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115843,83770],{"class":37},[31,115845,89],{"class":88},[31,115847,57496],{"class":37},[31,115849,70],{"class":41},[31,115851,111856],{"class":140},[31,115853,137],{"class":41},[31,115855,274],{"class":140},[31,115857,120],{"class":41},[31,115859,115860,115862,115864,115866],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115861,134],{"class":133},[31,115863,137],{"class":41},[31,115865,283],{"class":140},[31,115867,120],{"class":41},[31,115869,115870],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,115871,115316],{"class":157},[31,115873,115874,115876,115878,115880],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,115875,134],{"class":133},[31,115877,137],{"class":41},[31,115879,264],{"class":140},[31,115881,120],{"class":41},[31,115883,115884],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,115885,115886],{"class":157},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115888,108272,115889,115891,115892,115896],{},[28,115890,15552],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[264,115893,115894],{"href":103383},[28,115895,103386],{}," when you want a new set.",[72,115898,115900],{"id":115899},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115902,11340,115903,70],{},[28,115904,97901],{},[613,115906,115908],{"id":115907},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115910,115911],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[21,115913,115915],{"className":23,"code":115914,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[28,115916,115917,115933,115955,115959,115969],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115918,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115920,16226],{"class":37},[31,115922,89],{"class":88},[31,115924,11082],{"class":41},[31,115926,146],{"class":95},[31,115928,99],{"class":41},[31,115930,3571],{"class":95},[31,115932,9900],{"class":41},[31,115934,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,115936,1522],{"class":37},[31,115938,89],{"class":88},[31,115940,97511],{"class":37},[31,115942,70],{"class":41},[31,115944,31067],{"class":140},[31,115946,3564],{"class":41},[31,115948,173],{"class":95},[31,115950,99],{"class":41},[31,115952,3033],{"class":95},[31,115954,566],{"class":41},[31,115956,115957],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,115958,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,115960,115961,115963,115965,115967],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,115962,134],{"class":133},[31,115964,137],{"class":41},[31,115966,1550],{"class":140},[31,115968,120],{"class":41},[31,115970,115971],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,115972,62439],{"class":157},[14,115974,115975,115976,48],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[28,115977,15552],{},[21,115979,115981],{"className":23,"code":115980,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[28,115982,115983,115999,116017,116021,116031],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,115984,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,115986,16226],{"class":37},[31,115988,89],{"class":88},[31,115990,11082],{"class":41},[31,115992,146],{"class":95},[31,115994,99],{"class":41},[31,115996,3571],{"class":95},[31,115998,9900],{"class":41},[31,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116002,16264],{"class":37},[31,116004,70],{"class":41},[31,116006,31067],{"class":140},[31,116008,3564],{"class":41},[31,116010,173],{"class":95},[31,116012,99],{"class":41},[31,116014,3033],{"class":95},[31,116016,566],{"class":41},[31,116018,116019],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116020,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116022,116023,116025,116027,116029],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116024,134],{"class":133},[31,116026,137],{"class":41},[31,116028,16264],{"class":140},[31,116030,120],{"class":41},[31,116032,116033],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116034,114615],{"class":157},[613,116036,116038],{"id":116037},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,116040,3414],{},[21,116042,116044],{"className":23,"code":116043,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[28,116045,116046,116062],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116047,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116049,16226],{"class":37},[31,116051,89],{"class":88},[31,116053,11082],{"class":41},[31,116055,146],{"class":95},[31,116057,99],{"class":41},[31,116059,3571],{"class":95},[31,116061,9900],{"class":41},[31,116063,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116065,16264],{"class":37},[31,116067,70],{"class":41},[31,116069,31067],{"class":140},[31,116071,137],{"class":41},[31,116073,559],{"class":95},[31,116075,120],{"class":41},[14,116077,62893,116078,9192,116080,116082],{},[28,116079,3583],{},[28,116081,559],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,116084,7140],{},[21,116086,116088],{"className":23,"code":116087,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[28,116089,116090,116106,116120,116124,116134],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116091,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116093,16226],{"class":37},[31,116095,89],{"class":88},[31,116097,11082],{"class":41},[31,116099,146],{"class":95},[31,116101,99],{"class":41},[31,116103,3571],{"class":95},[31,116105,9900],{"class":41},[31,116107,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116109,16264],{"class":37},[31,116111,70],{"class":41},[31,116113,31067],{"class":140},[31,116115,3564],{"class":41},[31,116117,559],{"class":95},[31,116119,566],{"class":41},[31,116121,116122],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116123,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116125,116126,116128,116130,116132],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116127,134],{"class":133},[31,116129,137],{"class":41},[31,116131,16264],{"class":140},[31,116133,120],{"class":41},[31,116135,116136],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116137,116138],{"class":157},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,116140,46521,116141,70],{},[264,116142,26280,116143],{"href":53208},[28,116144,116145],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[613,116147,116149],{"id":116148},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,116151,116152],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[21,116154,116156],{"className":23,"code":116155,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[28,116157,116158,116174,116200,116204,116214],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116159,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170,116172],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116161,16226],{"class":37},[31,116163,89],{"class":88},[31,116165,11082],{"class":41},[31,116167,146],{"class":95},[31,116169,99],{"class":41},[31,116171,3571],{"class":95},[31,116173,9900],{"class":41},[31,116175,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116177,16264],{"class":37},[31,116179,70],{"class":41},[31,116181,31067],{"class":140},[31,116183,3564],{"class":41},[31,116185,193],{"class":95},[31,116187,99],{"class":41},[31,116189,3571],{"class":95},[31,116191,99],{"class":41},[31,116193,3571],{"class":95},[31,116195,99],{"class":41},[31,116197,3027],{"class":95},[31,116199,566],{"class":41},[31,116201,116202],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116203,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116205,116206,116208,116210,116212],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116207,134],{"class":133},[31,116209,137],{"class":41},[31,116211,16264],{"class":140},[31,116213,120],{"class":41},[31,116215,116216],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116217,115316],{"class":157},[613,116219,116221,116222,45237,116224,116226],{"id":116220},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[28,116223,15552],{},[28,116225,96790],{}," is better",[14,116228,116229,116230,116232],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[28,116231,96790],{}," is usually the better choice.",[21,116234,116236],{"className":23,"code":116235,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[28,116237,116238,116254,116272,116276,116286],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116241,16226],{"class":37},[31,116243,89],{"class":88},[31,116245,11082],{"class":41},[31,116247,260],{"class":259},[31,116249,58736],{"class":263},[31,116251,260],{"class":259},[31,116253,9900],{"class":41},[31,116255,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116257,16264],{"class":37},[31,116259,70],{"class":41},[31,116261,82690],{"class":140},[31,116263,137],{"class":41},[31,116265,260],{"class":259},[31,116267,37651],{"class":263},[31,116269,260],{"class":259},[31,116271,120],{"class":41},[31,116273,116274],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116275,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116277,116278,116280,116282,116284],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116279,134],{"class":133},[31,116281,137],{"class":41},[31,116283,16264],{"class":140},[31,116285,120],{"class":41},[31,116287,116288],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116289,115476],{"class":157},[72,116291,2435],{"id":2434},[613,116293,13299,116295,97880],{"id":116294},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[28,116296,97901],{},[14,116298,97883,116299,70],{},[28,116300,4357],{},[613,116302,28930,116303,32830],{"id":32827},[28,116304,15552],{},[14,116306,116307],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[613,116309,5762,116311,4975,116313,2466],{"id":116310},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[28,116312,96790],{},[28,116314,15552],{},[14,116316,116317,116319,116320,116322],{},[28,116318,96790],{}," adds one item. ",[28,116321,15552],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[613,116324,116326],{"id":116325},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,116328,116329,116330,115325],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[28,116331,15552],{},[613,116333,116335],{"id":116334},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,116337,2668,116338,11685,116340,70],{},[28,116339,103386],{},[28,116341,15552],{},[72,116343,2475],{"id":2474},[228,116345,116346,116353,116360,116366,116372],{},[231,116347,116348],{},[264,116349,116350],{"href":99087},[28,116351,116352],{},"Python set add() method",[231,116354,116355],{},[264,116356,116357],{"href":103383},[28,116358,116359],{},"Python set union() method",[231,116361,116362],{},[264,116363,116364],{"href":98470},[28,116365,97925],{},[231,116367,116368],{},[264,116369,116370],{"href":99664},[28,116371,100931],{},[231,116373,116374],{},[264,116375,116376,116378],{"href":53208},[28,116377,116145],{}," fix",[14,116380,116381,116382,116384,116385,116387],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[28,116383,96795],{}," for a single value and ",[28,116386,108630],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2499,116389,116390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":116392},[116393,116394,116396,116397,116398,116399,116400,116401,116403,116408,116415,116424],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":114623,"depth":123,"text":116395},"What set.update() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":22568,"depth":123,"text":22569},{"id":115009,"depth":123,"text":115010},{"id":115112,"depth":123,"text":115113},{"id":115319,"depth":123,"text":115320},{"id":115479,"depth":123,"text":116402},"update() vs add()",{"id":115699,"depth":123,"text":116404,"children":116405},"update() vs union()",[116406,116407],{"id":31067,"depth":130,"text":15552},{"id":111856,"depth":130,"text":103386},{"id":115899,"depth":123,"text":115900,"children":116409},[116410,116411,116412,116413],{"id":115907,"depth":130,"text":115908},{"id":116037,"depth":130,"text":116038},{"id":116148,"depth":130,"text":116149},{"id":116220,"depth":130,"text":116414},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":116416},[116417,116419,116420,116422,116423],{"id":116294,"depth":130,"text":116418},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32827,"depth":130,"text":32900},{"id":116310,"depth":130,"text":116421},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116325,"depth":130,"text":116326},{"id":116334,"depth":130,"text":116335},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114535,"description":116425},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116431,"title":116432,"body":116433,"description":118199,"extension":2542,"meta":118200,"navigation":126,"path":14387,"seo":118201,"stem":118202,"__hash__":118203},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116434,"toc":118174},[116435,116438,116441,116444,116455,116463,116466,116468,116617,116629,116633,116650,116654,116662,116664,116675,116677,116774,116780,116783,116879,116888,116893,116897,116902,116904,116914,116916,117025,117033,117037,117040,117043,117060,117066,117146,117149,117153,117156,117160,117163,117222,117225,117229,117232,117324,117328,117331,117438,117442,117448,117476,117478,117560,117570,117574,117577,117588,117591,117676,117679,117684,117688,117691,117702,117705,117847,117850,117854,117857,117871,117874,117935,117941,117943,117946,117968,117971,118071,118074,118106,118108,118112,118115,118117,118120,118124,118127,118131,118134,118138,118141,118143,118171],[10,116436,116432],{"id":116437},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,116439,116440],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,116442,116443],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[228,116445,116446,116449,116452],{},[231,116447,116448],{},"a list inside another list",[231,116450,116451],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[231,116453,116454],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,116456,100853,116457,4975,116459,116462],{},[67,116458,13446],{},[67,116460,116461],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,116464,116465],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[72,116467,75],{"id":74},[21,116469,116471],{"className":23,"code":116470,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[28,116472,116473,116480,116484,116510,116530,116550,116554,116572,116576,116589,116603],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116474,116475,116477],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116476,35696],{"class":4457},[31,116478,116479],{"class":37}," copy\n",[31,116481,116482],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116483,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116487,12680],{"class":37},[31,116489,89],{"class":88},[31,116491,56903],{"class":41},[31,116493,146],{"class":95},[31,116495,99],{"class":41},[31,116497,3571],{"class":95},[31,116499,18661],{"class":41},[31,116501,4200],{"class":41},[31,116503,173],{"class":95},[31,116505,99],{"class":41},[31,116507,3033],{"class":95},[31,116509,53851],{"class":41},[31,116511,116512,116515,116517,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116513,116514],{"class":37},"shallow ",[31,116516,89],{"class":88},[31,116518,116519],{"class":37}," copy",[31,116521,70],{"class":41},[31,116523,13507],{"class":140},[31,116525,137],{"class":41},[31,116527,12727],{"class":140},[31,116529,120],{"class":41},[31,116531,116532,116535,116537,116539,116541,116544,116546,116548],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116533,116534],{"class":37},"deep ",[31,116536,89],{"class":88},[31,116538,116519],{"class":37},[31,116540,70],{"class":41},[31,116542,116543],{"class":140},"deepcopy",[31,116545,137],{"class":41},[31,116547,12727],{"class":140},[31,116549,120],{"class":41},[31,116551,116552],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,116553,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116555,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,116557,12727],{"class":37},[31,116559,42],{"class":41},[31,116561,1243],{"class":95},[31,116563,14147],{"class":41},[31,116565,14150],{"class":140},[31,116567,137],{"class":41},[31,116569,56956],{"class":95},[31,116571,120],{"class":41},[31,116573,116574],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,116575,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116577,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,116579,134],{"class":133},[31,116581,137],{"class":41},[31,116583,12727],{"class":140},[31,116585,4238],{"class":41},[31,116587,116588],{"class":157},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[31,116590,116591,116593,116595,116598,116600],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,116592,134],{"class":133},[31,116594,137],{"class":41},[31,116596,116597],{"class":140},"shallow",[31,116599,4238],{"class":41},[31,116601,116602],{"class":157},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[31,116604,116605,116607,116609,116612,116614],{"class":33,"line":12188},[31,116606,134],{"class":133},[31,116608,137],{"class":41},[31,116610,116611],{"class":140},"deep",[31,116613,4238],{"class":41},[31,116615,116616],{"class":157},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116618,2668,116619,116622,116623,4975,116625,116628],{},[28,116620,116621],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[67,116624,13446],{},[28,116626,116627],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[72,116630,116632],{"id":116631},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[228,116634,116635,116638,116641,116644,116647],{},[231,116636,116637],{},"What a copy means in Python",[231,116639,116640],{},"How shallow copy works",[231,116642,116643],{},"How deep copy works",[231,116645,116646],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[231,116648,116649],{},"When to use each approach",[72,116651,116653],{"id":116652},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116655,15786,116656,116658,116659,116661],{},[67,116657,13446],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[67,116660,5213],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116663,2683],{},[228,116665,116666,116669,116672],{},[231,116667,116668],{},"the outer container is new",[231,116670,116671],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[231,116673,116674],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116676,242],{},[21,116678,116680],{"className":23,"code":116679,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[28,116681,116682,116708,116722,116726,116744,116748,116761],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116683,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116685,12680],{"class":37},[31,116687,89],{"class":88},[31,116689,56903],{"class":41},[31,116691,146],{"class":95},[31,116693,99],{"class":41},[31,116695,3571],{"class":95},[31,116697,18661],{"class":41},[31,116699,4200],{"class":41},[31,116701,173],{"class":95},[31,116703,99],{"class":41},[31,116705,3033],{"class":95},[31,116707,53851],{"class":41},[31,116709,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116711,14909],{"class":37},[31,116713,89],{"class":88},[31,116715,12755],{"class":37},[31,116717,70],{"class":41},[31,116719,13507],{"class":140},[31,116721,1772],{"class":41},[31,116723,116724],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116725,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116727,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116729,14928],{"class":37},[31,116731,70],{"class":41},[31,116733,14150],{"class":140},[31,116735,3564],{"class":41},[31,116737,559],{"class":95},[31,116739,99],{"class":41},[31,116741,38248],{"class":95},[31,116743,566],{"class":41},[31,116745,116746],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116747,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116749,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,116751,134],{"class":133},[31,116753,137],{"class":41},[31,116755,12727],{"class":140},[31,116757,4238],{"class":41},[31,116759,116760],{"class":157},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[31,116762,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,116764,134],{"class":133},[31,116766,137],{"class":41},[31,116768,14928],{"class":140},[31,116770,4238],{"class":41},[31,116772,116773],{"class":157},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116775,116776,116777,116779],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[28,116778,14928],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116781,116782],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[21,116784,116786],{"className":23,"code":116785,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[28,116787,116788,116814,116828,116832,116850,116854,116866],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116789,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116791,12680],{"class":37},[31,116793,89],{"class":88},[31,116795,56903],{"class":41},[31,116797,146],{"class":95},[31,116799,99],{"class":41},[31,116801,3571],{"class":95},[31,116803,18661],{"class":41},[31,116805,4200],{"class":41},[31,116807,173],{"class":95},[31,116809,99],{"class":41},[31,116811,3033],{"class":95},[31,116813,53851],{"class":41},[31,116815,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116817,14909],{"class":37},[31,116819,89],{"class":88},[31,116821,12755],{"class":37},[31,116823,70],{"class":41},[31,116825,13507],{"class":140},[31,116827,1772],{"class":41},[31,116829,116830],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116831,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116833,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116835,14928],{"class":37},[31,116837,42],{"class":41},[31,116839,1243],{"class":95},[31,116841,14147],{"class":41},[31,116843,14150],{"class":140},[31,116845,137],{"class":41},[31,116847,56956],{"class":95},[31,116849,120],{"class":41},[31,116851,116852],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116853,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116855,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,116857,134],{"class":133},[31,116859,137],{"class":41},[31,116861,12727],{"class":140},[31,116863,4238],{"class":41},[31,116865,116588],{"class":157},[31,116867,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,116869,134],{"class":133},[31,116871,137],{"class":41},[31,116873,14928],{"class":140},[31,116875,4238],{"class":41},[31,116877,116878],{"class":157},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116880,116881,116882,4975,116884,116887],{},"Both changed because ",[28,116883,57060],{},[28,116885,116886],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116889,116890,116891,70],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[264,116892,44543],{"href":12659},[72,116894,116896],{"id":116895},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116898,15786,116899,116901],{},[67,116900,116461],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116903,2683],{},[228,116905,116906,116908,116911],{},[231,116907,116668],{},[231,116909,116910],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[231,116912,116913],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116915,242],{},[21,116917,116919],{"className":23,"code":116918,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[28,116920,116921,116927,116931,116957,116975,116979,116997,117001,117013],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,116922,116923,116925],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,116924,35696],{"class":4457},[31,116926,116479],{"class":37},[31,116928,116929],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,116930,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116932,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,116934,12680],{"class":37},[31,116936,89],{"class":88},[31,116938,56903],{"class":41},[31,116940,146],{"class":95},[31,116942,99],{"class":41},[31,116944,3571],{"class":95},[31,116946,18661],{"class":41},[31,116948,4200],{"class":41},[31,116950,173],{"class":95},[31,116952,99],{"class":41},[31,116954,3033],{"class":95},[31,116956,53851],{"class":41},[31,116958,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,116960,14909],{"class":37},[31,116962,89],{"class":88},[31,116964,116519],{"class":37},[31,116966,70],{"class":41},[31,116968,116543],{"class":140},[31,116970,137],{"class":41},[31,116972,12727],{"class":140},[31,116974,120],{"class":41},[31,116976,116977],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,116978,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,116980,116981,116983,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,116982,14928],{"class":37},[31,116984,42],{"class":41},[31,116986,1243],{"class":95},[31,116988,14147],{"class":41},[31,116990,14150],{"class":140},[31,116992,137],{"class":41},[31,116994,56956],{"class":95},[31,116996,120],{"class":41},[31,116998,116999],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117000,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117002,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,117004,134],{"class":133},[31,117006,137],{"class":41},[31,117008,12727],{"class":140},[31,117010,4238],{"class":41},[31,117012,116760],{"class":157},[31,117014,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,117016,134],{"class":133},[31,117018,137],{"class":41},[31,117020,14928],{"class":140},[31,117022,4238],{"class":41},[31,117024,116878],{"class":157},[14,117026,117027,117028,117030,117031,70],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[28,117029,116886],{}," does not change ",[28,117032,57060],{},[72,117034,117036],{"id":117035},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,117038,117039],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,117041,117042],{},"Common reasons:",[228,117044,117045,117048,117051,117057],{},[231,117046,117047],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[231,117049,117050],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[231,117052,117053,117054,117056],{},"Assignment with ",[28,117055,89],{}," does not make a copy",[231,117058,117059],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,117061,117062,117063,117065],{},"For example, this does ",[67,117064,5213],{}," create a copy:",[21,117067,117069],{"className":23,"code":117068,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,117070,117071,117091,117099,117103,117117,117121,117133],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117072,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117074,12680],{"class":37},[31,117076,89],{"class":88},[31,117078,4200],{"class":41},[31,117080,146],{"class":95},[31,117082,99],{"class":41},[31,117084,3571],{"class":95},[31,117086,99],{"class":41},[31,117088,3027],{"class":95},[31,117090,59],{"class":41},[31,117092,117093,117095,117097],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117094,14909],{"class":37},[31,117096,89],{"class":88},[31,117098,12718],{"class":37},[31,117100,117101],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117102,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117104,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117106,14928],{"class":37},[31,117108,70],{"class":41},[31,117110,14150],{"class":140},[31,117112,137],{"class":41},[31,117114,151],{"class":95},[31,117116,120],{"class":41},[31,117118,117119],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117120,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117122,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,117124,134],{"class":133},[31,117126,137],{"class":41},[31,117128,12727],{"class":140},[31,117130,4238],{"class":41},[31,117132,56310],{"class":157},[31,117134,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117136,134],{"class":133},[31,117138,137],{"class":41},[31,117140,14928],{"class":140},[31,117142,4238],{"class":41},[31,117144,117145],{"class":157},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,117147,117148],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[72,117150,117152],{"id":117151},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,117154,117155],{},"These three ideas are different.",[613,117157,117159],{"id":117158},"assignment","Assignment",[14,117161,117162],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[21,117164,117166],{"className":23,"code":117165,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[28,117167,117168,117194,117202,117206],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117169,117170,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117171,12680],{"class":37},[31,117173,89],{"class":88},[31,117175,56903],{"class":41},[31,117177,146],{"class":95},[31,117179,99],{"class":41},[31,117181,3571],{"class":95},[31,117183,18661],{"class":41},[31,117185,4200],{"class":41},[31,117187,173],{"class":95},[31,117189,99],{"class":41},[31,117191,3033],{"class":95},[31,117193,53851],{"class":41},[31,117195,117196,117198,117200],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117197,14700],{"class":37},[31,117199,89],{"class":88},[31,117201,12718],{"class":37},[31,117203,117204],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117205,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117207,117208,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117209,134],{"class":133},[31,117211,137],{"class":41},[31,117213,12680],{"class":140},[31,117215,12788],{"class":4457},[31,117217,14768],{"class":140},[31,117219,4238],{"class":41},[31,117221,4241],{"class":157},[14,117223,117224],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[613,117226,117228],{"id":117227},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,117230,117231],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[21,117233,117235],{"className":23,"code":117234,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[28,117236,117237,117263,117277,117281,117298],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117238,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117240,12680],{"class":37},[31,117242,89],{"class":88},[31,117244,56903],{"class":41},[31,117246,146],{"class":95},[31,117248,99],{"class":41},[31,117250,3571],{"class":95},[31,117252,18661],{"class":41},[31,117254,4200],{"class":41},[31,117256,173],{"class":95},[31,117258,99],{"class":41},[31,117260,3033],{"class":95},[31,117262,53851],{"class":41},[31,117264,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117266,116514],{"class":37},[31,117268,89],{"class":88},[31,117270,12755],{"class":37},[31,117272,70],{"class":41},[31,117274,13507],{"class":140},[31,117276,1772],{"class":41},[31,117278,117279],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117280,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117282,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291,117294,117296],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117284,134],{"class":133},[31,117286,137],{"class":41},[31,117288,12680],{"class":140},[31,117290,12788],{"class":4457},[31,117292,117293],{"class":140}," shallow",[31,117295,4238],{"class":41},[31,117297,21799],{"class":157},[31,117299,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117301,134],{"class":133},[31,117303,137],{"class":41},[31,117305,12727],{"class":140},[31,117307,42],{"class":41},[31,117309,1243],{"class":95},[31,117311,13870],{"class":41},[31,117313,8685],{"class":4457},[31,117315,117293],{"class":140},[31,117317,42],{"class":41},[31,117319,1243],{"class":95},[31,117321,154],{"class":41},[31,117323,4241],{"class":157},[613,117325,117327],{"id":117326},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,117329,117330],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[21,117332,117334],{"className":23,"code":117333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[28,117335,117336,117342,117346,117372,117390,117394,117412],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117337,117338,117340],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117339,35696],{"class":4457},[31,117341,116479],{"class":37},[31,117343,117344],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117345,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117347,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117349,12680],{"class":37},[31,117351,89],{"class":88},[31,117353,56903],{"class":41},[31,117355,146],{"class":95},[31,117357,99],{"class":41},[31,117359,3571],{"class":95},[31,117361,18661],{"class":41},[31,117363,4200],{"class":41},[31,117365,173],{"class":95},[31,117367,99],{"class":41},[31,117369,3033],{"class":95},[31,117371,53851],{"class":41},[31,117373,117374,117376,117378,117380,117382,117384,117386,117388],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117375,116534],{"class":37},[31,117377,89],{"class":88},[31,117379,116519],{"class":37},[31,117381,70],{"class":41},[31,117383,116543],{"class":140},[31,117385,137],{"class":41},[31,117387,12727],{"class":140},[31,117389,120],{"class":41},[31,117391,117392],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117393,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117395,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404,117407,117409],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,117397,134],{"class":133},[31,117399,137],{"class":41},[31,117401,12680],{"class":140},[31,117403,12788],{"class":4457},[31,117405,117406],{"class":140}," deep",[31,117408,4238],{"class":41},[31,117410,117411],{"class":157},"         # False\n",[31,117413,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117415,134],{"class":133},[31,117417,137],{"class":41},[31,117419,12727],{"class":140},[31,117421,42],{"class":41},[31,117423,1243],{"class":95},[31,117425,13870],{"class":41},[31,117427,8685],{"class":4457},[31,117429,117406],{"class":140},[31,117431,42],{"class":41},[31,117433,1243],{"class":95},[31,117435,154],{"class":41},[31,117437,44479],{"class":157},[72,117439,117441],{"id":117440},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,117443,117444,117445,48],{},"These all make ",[67,117446,117447],{},"shallow copies",[228,117449,117450,117454,117458,117463,117469],{},[231,117451,117452],{},[28,117453,56210],{},[231,117455,117456],{},[28,117457,13029],{},[231,117459,117460],{},[28,117461,117462],{},"set.copy()",[231,117464,117465,117466],{},"list slicing like ",[28,117467,117468],{},"my_list[:]",[231,117470,117471,117473,117474,35686],{},[28,117472,116621],{}," from the ",[28,117475,13507],{},[14,117477,2701],{},[21,117479,117481],{"className":23,"code":117480,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,117482,117483,117503,117507,117521,117532,117536,117548],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117484,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117486,85],{"class":37},[31,117488,89],{"class":88},[31,117490,4200],{"class":41},[31,117492,146],{"class":95},[31,117494,99],{"class":41},[31,117496,3571],{"class":95},[31,117498,99],{"class":41},[31,117500,3027],{"class":95},[31,117502,59],{"class":41},[31,117504,117505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117506,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117508,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117510,3130],{"class":37},[31,117512,89],{"class":88},[31,117514,1527],{"class":37},[31,117516,70],{"class":41},[31,117518,13507],{"class":140},[31,117520,1772],{"class":41},[31,117522,117523,117525,117527,117529],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117524,3158],{"class":37},[31,117526,89],{"class":88},[31,117528,1527],{"class":37},[31,117530,117531],{"class":41},"[:]\n",[31,117533,117534],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117535,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117537,117538,117540,117542,117544,117546],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,117539,134],{"class":133},[31,117541,137],{"class":41},[31,117543,264],{"class":140},[31,117545,4238],{"class":41},[31,117547,55541],{"class":157},[31,117549,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117551,134],{"class":133},[31,117553,137],{"class":41},[31,117555,274],{"class":140},[31,117557,4238],{"class":41},[31,117559,55541],{"class":157},[14,117561,73745,117562,48142,117566,70],{},[264,117563,117564,11333],{"href":55569},[28,117565,56210],{},[264,117567,117568,11333],{"href":13026},[28,117569,13029],{},[72,117571,117573],{"id":117572},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117575,117576],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[228,117578,117579,117582,117585],{},[231,117580,117581],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[231,117583,117584],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[231,117586,117587],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117589,117590],{},"Example with a flat list:",[21,117592,117594],{"className":23,"code":117593,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[28,117595,117596,117616,117630,117634,117648,117652,117664],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117597,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117599,12680],{"class":37},[31,117601,89],{"class":88},[31,117603,4200],{"class":41},[31,117605,146],{"class":95},[31,117607,99],{"class":41},[31,117609,3571],{"class":95},[31,117611,99],{"class":41},[31,117613,3027],{"class":95},[31,117615,59],{"class":41},[31,117617,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117619,14909],{"class":37},[31,117621,89],{"class":88},[31,117623,12755],{"class":37},[31,117625,70],{"class":41},[31,117627,13507],{"class":140},[31,117629,1772],{"class":41},[31,117631,117632],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117633,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117635,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117637,14928],{"class":37},[31,117639,70],{"class":41},[31,117641,14150],{"class":140},[31,117643,137],{"class":41},[31,117645,151],{"class":95},[31,117647,120],{"class":41},[31,117649,117650],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117651,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117653,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,117655,134],{"class":133},[31,117657,137],{"class":41},[31,117659,12727],{"class":140},[31,117661,4238],{"class":41},[31,117663,55541],{"class":157},[31,117665,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117667,134],{"class":133},[31,117669,137],{"class":41},[31,117671,14928],{"class":140},[31,117673,4238],{"class":41},[31,117675,117145],{"class":157},[14,117677,117678],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117680,117681,117682,70],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[264,117683,15486],{"href":57828},[72,117685,117687],{"id":117686},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117689,117690],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[228,117692,117693,117696,117699],{},[231,117694,117695],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[231,117697,117698],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[231,117700,117701],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117703,117704],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[21,117706,117708],{"className":23,"code":117707,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[28,117709,117710,117716,117720,117746,117760,117778,117782,117804,117808,117821,117834],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117711,117712,117714],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117713,35696],{"class":4457},[31,117715,116479],{"class":37},[31,117717,117718],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117719,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117721,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117723,12680],{"class":37},[31,117725,89],{"class":88},[31,117727,11082],{"class":41},[31,117729,260],{"class":259},[31,117731,16986],{"class":263},[31,117733,260],{"class":259},[31,117735,48],{"class":41},[31,117737,4200],{"class":41},[31,117739,96],{"class":95},[31,117741,99],{"class":41},[31,117743,102],{"class":95},[31,117745,14303],{"class":41},[31,117747,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117749,116514],{"class":37},[31,117751,89],{"class":88},[31,117753,12755],{"class":37},[31,117755,70],{"class":41},[31,117757,13507],{"class":140},[31,117759,1772],{"class":41},[31,117761,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117763,116534],{"class":37},[31,117765,89],{"class":88},[31,117767,116519],{"class":37},[31,117769,70],{"class":41},[31,117771,116543],{"class":140},[31,117773,137],{"class":41},[31,117775,12727],{"class":140},[31,117777,120],{"class":41},[31,117779,117780],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,117781,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117783,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117785,12727],{"class":37},[31,117787,42],{"class":41},[31,117789,260],{"class":259},[31,117791,16986],{"class":263},[31,117793,260],{"class":259},[31,117795,14147],{"class":41},[31,117797,14150],{"class":140},[31,117799,137],{"class":41},[31,117801,764],{"class":95},[31,117803,120],{"class":41},[31,117805,117806],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,117807,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117809,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,117811,134],{"class":133},[31,117813,137],{"class":41},[31,117815,12727],{"class":140},[31,117817,4238],{"class":41},[31,117819,117820],{"class":157},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[31,117822,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831],{"class":33,"line":7022},[31,117824,134],{"class":133},[31,117826,137],{"class":41},[31,117828,116597],{"class":140},[31,117830,4238],{"class":41},[31,117832,117833],{"class":157},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[31,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844],{"class":33,"line":12188},[31,117837,134],{"class":133},[31,117839,137],{"class":41},[31,117841,116611],{"class":140},[31,117843,4238],{"class":41},[31,117845,117846],{"class":157},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117848,117849],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[72,117851,117853],{"id":117852},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117855,117856],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[228,117858,117859,117862,117865,117868],{},[231,117860,117861],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[231,117863,117864],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[231,117866,117867],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[231,117869,117870],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117872,117873],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[21,117875,117877],{"className":23,"code":117876,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[28,117878,117879,117887,117895,117899,117907,117911,117923],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117880,117881,117883,117885],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117882,3130],{"class":37},[31,117884,89],{"class":88},[31,117886,3163],{"class":95},[31,117888,117889,117891,117893],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117890,3158],{"class":37},[31,117892,89],{"class":88},[31,117894,36779],{"class":37},[31,117896,117897],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,117898,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117900,117901,117903,117905],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,117902,3158],{"class":37},[31,117904,89],{"class":88},[31,117906,15212],{"class":95},[31,117908,117909],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,117910,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,117912,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,117914,134],{"class":133},[31,117916,137],{"class":41},[31,117918,264],{"class":140},[31,117920,4238],{"class":41},[31,117922,27396],{"class":157},[31,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,117926,134],{"class":133},[31,117928,137],{"class":41},[31,117930,274],{"class":140},[31,117932,4238],{"class":41},[31,117934,28217],{"class":157},[14,117936,94095,117937,117940],{},[264,117938,117939],{"href":12659},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[72,117942,3407],{"id":3406},[14,117944,117945],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[228,117947,117948,117952,117957,117962,117965],{},[231,117949,9007,117950,57392],{},[28,117951,89],{},[231,117953,9007,117954,117956],{},[28,117955,56210],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[231,117958,9007,117959,117961],{},[28,117960,13029],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[231,117963,117964],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[231,117966,117967],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117969,117970],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[21,117972,117974],{"className":23,"code":117973,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[28,117975,117976,117990,118004,118026,118057],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,117977,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,117979,134],{"class":133},[31,117981,137],{"class":41},[31,117983,12680],{"class":140},[31,117985,12788],{"class":4457},[31,117987,14982],{"class":140},[31,117989,120],{"class":41},[31,117991,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,117993,134],{"class":133},[31,117995,137],{"class":41},[31,117997,12680],{"class":140},[31,117999,5271],{"class":88},[31,118001,14982],{"class":140},[31,118003,120],{"class":41},[31,118005,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,118007,134],{"class":133},[31,118009,137],{"class":41},[31,118011,13244],{"class":133},[31,118013,137],{"class":41},[31,118015,12727],{"class":140},[31,118017,9825],{"class":41},[31,118019,15414],{"class":133},[31,118021,137],{"class":41},[31,118023,14928],{"class":140},[31,118025,1569],{"class":41},[31,118027,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,118029,134],{"class":133},[31,118031,137],{"class":41},[31,118033,13244],{"class":133},[31,118035,137],{"class":41},[31,118037,12727],{"class":140},[31,118039,42],{"class":41},[31,118041,1243],{"class":95},[31,118043,118044],{"class":41},"]),",[31,118046,15414],{"class":133},[31,118048,137],{"class":41},[31,118050,14928],{"class":140},[31,118052,42],{"class":41},[31,118054,1243],{"class":95},[31,118056,2399],{"class":41},[31,118058,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,118060,134],{"class":133},[31,118062,137],{"class":41},[31,118064,1562],{"class":1561},[31,118066,137],{"class":41},[31,118068,12727],{"class":140},[31,118070,1569],{"class":41},[14,118072,118073],{},"What they tell you:",[228,118075,118076,118081,118086,118091,118101],{},[231,118077,118078,118080],{},[28,118079,12788],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[231,118082,118083,118085],{},[28,118084,5271],{}," checks whether values are equal",[231,118087,118088,118090],{},[28,118089,44095],{}," shows the identity of an object",[231,118092,118093,118094,4975,118097,118100],{},"comparing ",[28,118095,118096],{},"id(original[0])",[28,118098,118099],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[231,118102,118103,118105],{},[28,118104,2878],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[72,118107,2435],{"id":2434},[613,118109,118111],{"id":118110},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,118113,118114],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[613,118116,57878],{"id":57793},[14,118118,118119],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[613,118121,118123],{"id":118122},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,118125,118126],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[613,118128,118130],{"id":118129},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,118132,118133],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[613,118135,118137],{"id":118136},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,118139,118140],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[72,118142,2475],{"id":2474},[228,118144,118145,118150,118156,118162,118166],{},[231,118146,118147],{},[264,118148,118149],{"href":12659},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[231,118151,118152],{},[264,118153,4152,118154,11333],{"href":55569},[28,118155,56210],{},[231,118157,118158],{},[264,118159,4152,118160,11333],{"href":13026},[28,118161,13029],{},[231,118163,118164],{},[264,118165,15563],{"href":57828},[231,118167,118168],{},[264,118169,118170],{"href":59103},"What is a list in Python?",[2499,118172,118173],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":118175},[118176,118177,118178,118179,118180,118181,118186,118187,118188,118189,118190,118191,118198],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":116631,"depth":123,"text":116632},{"id":116652,"depth":123,"text":116653},{"id":116895,"depth":123,"text":116896},{"id":117035,"depth":123,"text":117036},{"id":117151,"depth":123,"text":117152,"children":118182},[118183,118184,118185],{"id":117158,"depth":130,"text":117159},{"id":117227,"depth":130,"text":117228},{"id":117326,"depth":130,"text":117327},{"id":117440,"depth":123,"text":117441},{"id":117572,"depth":123,"text":117573},{"id":117686,"depth":123,"text":117687},{"id":117852,"depth":123,"text":117853},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":118192},[118193,118194,118195,118196,118197],{"id":118110,"depth":130,"text":118111},{"id":57793,"depth":130,"text":57878},{"id":118122,"depth":130,"text":118123},{"id":118129,"depth":130,"text":118130},{"id":118136,"depth":130,"text":118137},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116432,"description":118199},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118205,"title":118206,"body":118207,"description":120064,"extension":2542,"meta":120065,"navigation":126,"path":120066,"seo":120067,"stem":120068,"__hash__":120069},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118208,"toc":120022},[118209,118214,118219,118227,118229,118297,118302,118307,118322,118325,118327,118358,118360,118380,118383,118398,118400,118403,118476,118478,118523,118525,118536,118541,118545,118550,118553,118592,118594,118614,118617,118674,118676,118711,118714,118753,118755,118775,118778,118809,118811,118867,118869,118874,118945,118947,118980,118985,118990,119055,119057,119094,119097,119174,119176,119236,119243,119248,119251,119254,119335,119337,119378,119383,119386,119464,119466,119499,119508,119515,119518,119529,119532,119543,119547,119555,119564,119568,119573,119577,119582,119625,119628,119634,119637,119639,119686,119691,119695,119698,119747,119749,119770,119773,119775,119800,119803,119924,119929,119931,119936,119939,119944,119947,119955,119960,119967,119970,119978,119981,119983,120019],[10,118210,4152,118212,4156],{"id":118211},"python-sorted-function-explained",[28,118213,75028],{},[14,118215,118216,118218],{},[28,118217,75028],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,118220,118221,118222,2766,118224,118226],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[28,118223,78452],{},[28,118225,75028],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[72,118228,4186],{"id":4185},[21,118230,118232],{"className":23,"code":118231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[28,118233,118234,118254,118268,118272,118284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118235,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118237,85],{"class":37},[31,118239,89],{"class":88},[31,118241,4200],{"class":41},[31,118243,173],{"class":95},[31,118245,99],{"class":41},[31,118247,6082],{"class":95},[31,118249,99],{"class":41},[31,118251,3571],{"class":95},[31,118253,59],{"class":41},[31,118255,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118257,1522],{"class":37},[31,118259,89],{"class":88},[31,118261,75162],{"class":133},[31,118263,137],{"class":41},[31,118265,141],{"class":140},[31,118267,120],{"class":41},[31,118269,118270],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,118271,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,118273,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,118275,134],{"class":133},[31,118277,137],{"class":41},[31,118279,1550],{"class":140},[31,118281,4238],{"class":41},[31,118283,56297],{"class":157},[31,118285,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,118287,134],{"class":133},[31,118289,137],{"class":41},[31,118291,141],{"class":140},[31,118293,4238],{"class":41},[31,118295,118296],{"class":157},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,118298,118299,118301],{},[28,118300,75028],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[72,118303,4255,118305,4258],{"id":118304},"what-sorted-does",[28,118306,75028],{},[228,118308,118309,118313,118316,118319],{},[231,118310,118311,63534],{},[28,118312,75028],{},[231,118314,118315],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[231,118317,118318],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[231,118320,118321],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,118323,118324],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[72,118326,2733],{"id":2732},[21,118328,118330],{"className":23,"code":118329,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[28,118331,118332],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118333,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118335,75118],{"class":133},[31,118337,137],{"class":41},[31,118339,4299],{"class":140},[31,118341,99],{"class":41},[31,118343,22178],{"class":9767},[31,118345,89],{"class":88},[31,118347,4357],{"class":4432},[31,118349,99],{"class":41},[31,118351,78655],{"class":9767},[31,118353,89],{"class":88},[31,118355,4251],{"class":4432},[31,118357,120],{"class":41},[613,118359,17993],{"id":17992},[228,118361,118362,118367,118372],{},[231,118363,118364,118366],{},[28,118365,4299],{},": the values to sort",[231,118368,118369,118371],{},[28,118370,15439],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[231,118373,118374,118376,118377,118379],{},[28,118375,74182],{},": set to ",[28,118378,4181],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,118381,118382],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[21,118384,118386],{"className":23,"code":118385,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"sorted(my_values)\n",[28,118387,118388],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118389,118390,118392,118394,118396],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118391,75118],{"class":133},[31,118393,137],{"class":41},[31,118395,60917],{"class":140},[31,118397,120],{"class":41},[72,118399,12068],{"id":12067},[14,118401,118402],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[21,118404,118406],{"className":23,"code":118405,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,118407,118408,118432,118436,118451,118455,118466],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118409,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118411,85],{"class":37},[31,118413,89],{"class":88},[31,118415,4200],{"class":41},[31,118417,559],{"class":95},[31,118419,99],{"class":41},[31,118421,3571],{"class":95},[31,118423,99],{"class":41},[31,118425,6944],{"class":95},[31,118427,99],{"class":41},[31,118429,6082],{"class":95},[31,118431,59],{"class":41},[31,118433,118434],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118435,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,118437,118438,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,118439,118440],{"class":37},"sorted_numbers ",[31,118442,89],{"class":88},[31,118444,75162],{"class":133},[31,118446,137],{"class":41},[31,118448,141],{"class":140},[31,118450,120],{"class":41},[31,118452,118453],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,118454,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,118456,118457,118459,118461,118464],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,118458,134],{"class":133},[31,118460,137],{"class":41},[31,118462,118463],{"class":140},"sorted_numbers",[31,118465,120],{"class":41},[31,118467,118468,118470,118472,118474],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,118469,134],{"class":133},[31,118471,137],{"class":41},[31,118473,141],{"class":140},[31,118475,120],{"class":41},[14,118477,358],{},[21,118479,118481],{"className":23,"code":118480,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[28,118482,118483,118503],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118484,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118486,42],{"class":41},[31,118488,146],{"class":95},[31,118490,99],{"class":41},[31,118492,3571],{"class":95},[31,118494,99],{"class":41},[31,118496,5187],{"class":95},[31,118498,99],{"class":41},[31,118500,6944],{"class":95},[31,118502,59],{"class":41},[31,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118506,42],{"class":41},[31,118508,559],{"class":95},[31,118510,99],{"class":41},[31,118512,3571],{"class":95},[31,118514,99],{"class":41},[31,118516,6944],{"class":95},[31,118518,99],{"class":41},[31,118520,6082],{"class":95},[31,118522,59],{"class":41},[14,118524,14360],{},[228,118526,118527,118532],{},[231,118528,118529,118531],{},[28,118530,118463],{}," is a new sorted list",[231,118533,118534,113070],{},[28,118535,141],{},[14,118537,118538,118539,70],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[264,118540,78962],{"href":78961},[72,118542,118544],{"id":118543},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118546,118547,118549],{},[28,118548,75028],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[613,118551,118552],{"id":8682},"List",[21,118554,118556],{"className":23,"code":118555,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[28,118557,118558,118578],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118559,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118561,85],{"class":37},[31,118563,89],{"class":88},[31,118565,4200],{"class":41},[31,118567,173],{"class":95},[31,118569,99],{"class":41},[31,118571,6082],{"class":95},[31,118573,99],{"class":41},[31,118575,3571],{"class":95},[31,118577,59],{"class":41},[31,118579,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118581,134],{"class":133},[31,118583,137],{"class":41},[31,118585,75118],{"class":133},[31,118587,137],{"class":41},[31,118589,141],{"class":140},[31,118591,1569],{"class":41},[14,118593,358],{},[21,118595,118596],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,118597,118598],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118599,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118601,42],{"class":41},[31,118603,146],{"class":95},[31,118605,99],{"class":41},[31,118607,3571],{"class":95},[31,118609,99],{"class":41},[31,118611,3027],{"class":95},[31,118613,59],{"class":41},[613,118615,118616],{"id":38},"Tuple",[21,118618,118620],{"className":23,"code":118619,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[28,118621,118622,118642,118656],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118623,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118625,4402],{"class":37},[31,118627,89],{"class":88},[31,118629,92],{"class":41},[31,118631,173],{"class":95},[31,118633,99],{"class":41},[31,118635,6082],{"class":95},[31,118637,99],{"class":41},[31,118639,3571],{"class":95},[31,118641,120],{"class":41},[31,118643,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118645,134],{"class":133},[31,118647,137],{"class":41},[31,118649,75118],{"class":133},[31,118651,137],{"class":41},[31,118653,5942],{"class":140},[31,118655,1569],{"class":41},[31,118657,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,118659,134],{"class":133},[31,118661,137],{"class":41},[31,118663,1562],{"class":1561},[31,118665,137],{"class":41},[31,118667,75118],{"class":133},[31,118669,137],{"class":41},[31,118671,5942],{"class":140},[31,118673,3490],{"class":41},[14,118675,358],{},[21,118677,118679],{"className":23,"code":118678,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[28,118680,118681,118697],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118682,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118684,42],{"class":41},[31,118686,146],{"class":95},[31,118688,99],{"class":41},[31,118690,3571],{"class":95},[31,118692,99],{"class":41},[31,118694,3027],{"class":95},[31,118696,59],{"class":41},[31,118698,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118700,1593],{"class":88},[31,118702,1597],{"class":1596},[31,118704,379],{"class":259},[31,118706,8682],{"class":263},[31,118708,370],{"class":259},[31,118710,1606],{"class":88},[613,118712,118713],{"id":6871},"Set",[21,118715,118717],{"className":23,"code":118716,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[28,118718,118719,118739],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118720,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118722,4402],{"class":37},[31,118724,89],{"class":88},[31,118726,11082],{"class":41},[31,118728,173],{"class":95},[31,118730,99],{"class":41},[31,118732,6082],{"class":95},[31,118734,99],{"class":41},[31,118736,3571],{"class":95},[31,118738,9900],{"class":41},[31,118740,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118742,134],{"class":133},[31,118744,137],{"class":41},[31,118746,75118],{"class":133},[31,118748,137],{"class":41},[31,118750,5942],{"class":140},[31,118752,1569],{"class":41},[14,118754,358],{},[21,118756,118757],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,118758,118759],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118760,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118762,42],{"class":41},[31,118764,146],{"class":95},[31,118766,99],{"class":41},[31,118768,3571],{"class":95},[31,118770,99],{"class":41},[31,118772,3027],{"class":95},[31,118774,59],{"class":41},[613,118776,118777],{"id":61782},"String",[21,118779,118781],{"className":23,"code":118780,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[28,118782,118783,118795],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118784,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118786,35292],{"class":37},[31,118788,89],{"class":88},[31,118790,271],{"class":259},[31,118792,25],{"class":263},[31,118794,3934],{"class":259},[31,118796,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118798,134],{"class":133},[31,118800,137],{"class":41},[31,118802,75118],{"class":133},[31,118804,137],{"class":41},[31,118806,35313],{"class":140},[31,118808,1569],{"class":41},[14,118810,358],{},[21,118812,118813],{"className":23,"code":79979,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,118814,118815],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118816,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118818,42],{"class":41},[31,118820,370],{"class":259},[31,118822,61048],{"class":263},[31,118824,370],{"class":259},[31,118826,99],{"class":41},[31,118828,379],{"class":259},[31,118830,619],{"class":263},[31,118832,370],{"class":259},[31,118834,99],{"class":41},[31,118836,379],{"class":259},[31,118838,61082],{"class":263},[31,118840,370],{"class":259},[31,118842,99],{"class":41},[31,118844,379],{"class":259},[31,118846,14],{"class":263},[31,118848,370],{"class":259},[31,118850,99],{"class":41},[31,118852,379],{"class":259},[31,118854,63895],{"class":263},[31,118856,370],{"class":259},[31,118858,99],{"class":41},[31,118860,379],{"class":259},[31,118862,12339],{"class":263},[31,118864,370],{"class":259},[31,118866,59],{"class":41},[613,118868,29825],{"id":16202},[14,118870,64148,118871,118873],{},[28,118872,75028],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[21,118875,118877],{"className":23,"code":118876,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[28,118878,118879,118931],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118880,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118882,13801],{"class":37},[31,118884,89],{"class":88},[31,118886,11082],{"class":41},[31,118888,260],{"class":259},[31,118890,8256],{"class":263},[31,118892,260],{"class":259},[31,118894,48],{"class":41},[31,118896,271],{"class":259},[31,118898,13476],{"class":263},[31,118900,260],{"class":259},[31,118902,99],{"class":41},[31,118904,271],{"class":259},[31,118906,9890],{"class":263},[31,118908,260],{"class":259},[31,118910,48],{"class":41},[31,118912,102],{"class":95},[31,118914,99],{"class":41},[31,118916,271],{"class":259},[31,118918,11000],{"class":263},[31,118920,260],{"class":259},[31,118922,48],{"class":41},[31,118924,271],{"class":259},[31,118926,16628],{"class":263},[31,118928,260],{"class":259},[31,118930,9900],{"class":41},[31,118932,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,118934,134],{"class":133},[31,118936,137],{"class":41},[31,118938,75118],{"class":133},[31,118940,137],{"class":41},[31,118942,17905],{"class":140},[31,118944,1569],{"class":41},[14,118946,358],{},[21,118948,118950],{"className":23,"code":118949,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[28,118951,118952],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118953,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118955,42],{"class":41},[31,118957,370],{"class":259},[31,118959,9890],{"class":263},[31,118961,370],{"class":259},[31,118963,99],{"class":41},[31,118965,379],{"class":259},[31,118967,11000],{"class":263},[31,118969,370],{"class":259},[31,118971,99],{"class":41},[31,118973,379],{"class":259},[31,118975,8256],{"class":263},[31,118977,370],{"class":259},[31,118979,59],{"class":41},[72,118981,9007,118983],{"id":118982},"using-reversetrue",[28,118984,78676],{},[14,118986,2668,118987,118989],{},[28,118988,78676],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[21,118991,118993],{"className":23,"code":118992,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[28,118994,118995,119015,119019,119033],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,118996,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,118998,85],{"class":37},[31,119000,89],{"class":88},[31,119002,4200],{"class":41},[31,119004,173],{"class":95},[31,119006,99],{"class":41},[31,119008,6082],{"class":95},[31,119010,99],{"class":41},[31,119012,3571],{"class":95},[31,119014,59],{"class":41},[31,119016,119017],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119018,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,119020,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,119022,134],{"class":133},[31,119024,137],{"class":41},[31,119026,75118],{"class":133},[31,119028,137],{"class":41},[31,119030,141],{"class":140},[31,119032,1569],{"class":41},[31,119034,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,119036,134],{"class":133},[31,119038,137],{"class":41},[31,119040,75118],{"class":133},[31,119042,137],{"class":41},[31,119044,141],{"class":140},[31,119046,99],{"class":41},[31,119048,78655],{"class":9767},[31,119050,89],{"class":88},[31,119052,4181],{"class":4432},[31,119054,1569],{"class":41},[14,119056,358],{},[21,119058,119060],{"className":23,"code":119059,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[28,119061,119062,119078],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119063,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119065,42],{"class":41},[31,119067,146],{"class":95},[31,119069,99],{"class":41},[31,119071,3571],{"class":95},[31,119073,99],{"class":41},[31,119075,3027],{"class":95},[31,119077,59],{"class":41},[31,119079,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119081,42],{"class":41},[31,119083,173],{"class":95},[31,119085,99],{"class":41},[31,119087,3571],{"class":95},[31,119089,99],{"class":41},[31,119091,6082],{"class":95},[31,119093,59],{"class":41},[14,119095,119096],{},"This also works with strings:",[21,119098,119100],{"className":23,"code":119099,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[28,119101,119102,119134,119138,119152],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119105,4651],{"class":37},[31,119107,89],{"class":88},[31,119109,4200],{"class":41},[31,119111,260],{"class":259},[31,119113,4660],{"class":263},[31,119115,260],{"class":259},[31,119117,99],{"class":41},[31,119119,271],{"class":259},[31,119121,4669],{"class":263},[31,119123,260],{"class":259},[31,119125,99],{"class":41},[31,119127,271],{"class":259},[31,119129,4678],{"class":263},[31,119131,260],{"class":259},[31,119133,59],{"class":41},[31,119135,119136],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119137,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,119139,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148,119150],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,119141,134],{"class":133},[31,119143,137],{"class":41},[31,119145,75118],{"class":133},[31,119147,137],{"class":41},[31,119149,4695],{"class":140},[31,119151,1569],{"class":41},[31,119153,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,119155,134],{"class":133},[31,119157,137],{"class":41},[31,119159,75118],{"class":133},[31,119161,137],{"class":41},[31,119163,4695],{"class":140},[31,119165,99],{"class":41},[31,119167,78655],{"class":9767},[31,119169,89],{"class":88},[31,119171,4181],{"class":4432},[31,119173,1569],{"class":41},[14,119175,358],{},[21,119177,119178],{"className":23,"code":74762,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,119179,119180,119208],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119183,42],{"class":41},[31,119185,370],{"class":259},[31,119187,4660],{"class":263},[31,119189,370],{"class":259},[31,119191,99],{"class":41},[31,119193,379],{"class":259},[31,119195,4669],{"class":263},[31,119197,370],{"class":259},[31,119199,99],{"class":41},[31,119201,379],{"class":259},[31,119203,4678],{"class":263},[31,119205,370],{"class":259},[31,119207,59],{"class":41},[31,119209,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119211,42],{"class":41},[31,119213,370],{"class":259},[31,119215,4678],{"class":263},[31,119217,370],{"class":259},[31,119219,99],{"class":41},[31,119221,379],{"class":259},[31,119223,4669],{"class":263},[31,119225,370],{"class":259},[31,119227,99],{"class":41},[31,119229,379],{"class":259},[31,119231,4660],{"class":263},[31,119233,370],{"class":259},[31,119235,59],{"class":41},[72,119237,9007,119239,119242],{"id":119238},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[28,119240,119241],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,119244,62,119245,119247],{},[28,119246,119241],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,119249,119250],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,119252,119253],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[21,119255,119257],{"className":23,"code":119256,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[28,119258,119259,119299,119303,119325],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119262,4651],{"class":37},[31,119264,89],{"class":88},[31,119266,4200],{"class":41},[31,119268,260],{"class":259},[31,119270,79329],{"class":263},[31,119272,260],{"class":259},[31,119274,99],{"class":41},[31,119276,271],{"class":259},[31,119278,38963],{"class":263},[31,119280,260],{"class":259},[31,119282,99],{"class":41},[31,119284,271],{"class":259},[31,119286,4669],{"class":263},[31,119288,260],{"class":259},[31,119290,99],{"class":41},[31,119292,271],{"class":259},[31,119294,38946],{"class":263},[31,119296,260],{"class":259},[31,119298,59],{"class":41},[31,119300,119301],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119302,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,119304,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,119306,1522],{"class":37},[31,119308,89],{"class":88},[31,119310,75162],{"class":133},[31,119312,137],{"class":41},[31,119314,4695],{"class":140},[31,119316,99],{"class":41},[31,119318,22178],{"class":9767},[31,119320,89],{"class":88},[31,119322,2408],{"class":133},[31,119324,120],{"class":41},[31,119326,119327,119329,119331,119333],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,119328,134],{"class":133},[31,119330,137],{"class":41},[31,119332,1550],{"class":140},[31,119334,120],{"class":41},[14,119336,358],{},[21,119338,119340],{"className":23,"code":119339,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[28,119341,119342],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119343,119344,119346,119348,119350,119352,119354,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119345,42],{"class":41},[31,119347,370],{"class":259},[31,119349,38963],{"class":263},[31,119351,370],{"class":259},[31,119353,99],{"class":41},[31,119355,379],{"class":259},[31,119357,79329],{"class":263},[31,119359,370],{"class":259},[31,119361,99],{"class":41},[31,119363,379],{"class":259},[31,119365,38946],{"class":263},[31,119367,370],{"class":259},[31,119369,99],{"class":41},[31,119371,379],{"class":259},[31,119373,4669],{"class":263},[31,119375,370],{"class":259},[31,119377,59],{"class":41},[14,119379,21369,119380,119382],{},[28,119381,2408],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,119384,119385],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[21,119387,119389],{"className":23,"code":119388,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[28,119390,119391,119424,119428,119454],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119392,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119420,119422],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119394,4651],{"class":37},[31,119396,89],{"class":88},[31,119398,4200],{"class":41},[31,119400,260],{"class":259},[31,119402,83947],{"class":263},[31,119404,260],{"class":259},[31,119406,99],{"class":41},[31,119408,271],{"class":259},[31,119410,4660],{"class":263},[31,119412,260],{"class":259},[31,119414,99],{"class":41},[31,119416,271],{"class":259},[31,119418,119419],{"class":263},"Cherry",[31,119421,260],{"class":259},[31,119423,59],{"class":41},[31,119425,119426],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119427,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,119429,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,119431,1522],{"class":37},[31,119433,89],{"class":88},[31,119435,75162],{"class":133},[31,119437,137],{"class":41},[31,119439,4695],{"class":140},[31,119441,99],{"class":41},[31,119443,22178],{"class":9767},[31,119445,89],{"class":88},[31,119447,4019],{"class":1561},[31,119449,70],{"class":41},[31,119451,9231],{"class":25350},[31,119453,120],{"class":41},[31,119455,119456,119458,119460,119462],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,119457,134],{"class":133},[31,119459,137],{"class":41},[31,119461,1550],{"class":140},[31,119463,120],{"class":41},[14,119465,358],{},[21,119467,119469],{"className":23,"code":119468,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[28,119470,119471],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119472,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119474,42],{"class":41},[31,119476,370],{"class":259},[31,119478,4660],{"class":263},[31,119480,370],{"class":259},[31,119482,99],{"class":41},[31,119484,379],{"class":259},[31,119486,83947],{"class":263},[31,119488,370],{"class":259},[31,119490,99],{"class":41},[31,119492,379],{"class":259},[31,119494,119419],{"class":263},[31,119496,370],{"class":259},[31,119498,59],{"class":41},[14,119500,119501,119502,35935,119504,70],{},"You can learn more about ",[28,119503,42967],{},[264,119505,4152,119506,4085],{"href":42964},[28,119507,42967],{},[72,119509,119511,11177,119513],{"id":119510},"sorted-vs-listsort",[28,119512,75028],{},[28,119514,78452],{},[14,119516,119517],{},"The main difference is this:",[228,119519,119520,119525],{},[231,119521,119522,119524],{},[28,119523,75028],{}," returns a new list",[231,119526,119527,74567],{},[28,119528,78452],{},[14,119530,119531],{},"Also:",[228,119533,119534,119539],{},[231,119535,119536,119538],{},[28,119537,75028],{}," works with many iterables",[231,119540,119541,79885],{},[28,119542,78452],{},[14,119544,2668,119545,11193],{},[28,119546,75028],{},[228,119548,119549,119552],{},[231,119550,119551],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[231,119553,119554],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119556,119557,119558,70],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[264,119559,4152,119560,11177,119562,6368],{"href":79710},[28,119561,75028],{},[28,119563,78452],{},[72,119565,119567],{"id":119566},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119569,119570,119571,70],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[28,119572,75028],{},[613,119574,119576],{"id":119575},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119578,119579,119580,48],{},"This can raise a ",[28,119581,3583],{},[21,119583,119585],{"className":23,"code":119584,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[28,119586,119587,119611],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119588,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119590,4402],{"class":37},[31,119592,89],{"class":88},[31,119594,4200],{"class":41},[31,119596,146],{"class":95},[31,119598,99],{"class":41},[31,119600,271],{"class":259},[31,119602,193],{"class":263},[31,119604,260],{"class":259},[31,119606,99],{"class":41},[31,119608,3027],{"class":95},[31,119610,59],{"class":41},[31,119612,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119614,134],{"class":133},[31,119616,137],{"class":41},[31,119618,75118],{"class":133},[31,119620,137],{"class":41},[31,119622,5942],{"class":140},[31,119624,1569],{"class":41},[14,119626,119627],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[613,119629,119631,119632,2879],{"id":119630},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[28,119633,15439],{},[14,119635,119636],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119638,242],{},[21,119640,119642],{"className":23,"code":119641,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[28,119643,119644,119664],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119645,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119647,85],{"class":37},[31,119649,89],{"class":88},[31,119651,4200],{"class":41},[31,119653,96],{"class":95},[31,119655,99],{"class":41},[31,119657,3571],{"class":95},[31,119659,99],{"class":41},[31,119661,107],{"class":95},[31,119663,59],{"class":41},[31,119665,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119667,134],{"class":133},[31,119669,137],{"class":41},[31,119671,75118],{"class":133},[31,119673,137],{"class":41},[31,119675,141],{"class":140},[31,119677,99],{"class":41},[31,119679,22178],{"class":9767},[31,119681,89],{"class":88},[31,119683,2408],{"class":133},[31,119685,1569],{"class":41},[14,119687,49119,119688,119690],{},[28,119689,42967],{}," does not work on integers.",[613,119692,119694],{"id":119693},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119696,119697],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[21,119699,119701],{"className":23,"code":119700,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,119702,119703,119723,119733,119737],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119704,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119706,85],{"class":37},[31,119708,89],{"class":88},[31,119710,4200],{"class":41},[31,119712,173],{"class":95},[31,119714,99],{"class":41},[31,119716,6082],{"class":95},[31,119718,99],{"class":41},[31,119720,3571],{"class":95},[31,119722,59],{"class":41},[31,119724,119725,119727,119729,119731],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119726,75118],{"class":133},[31,119728,137],{"class":41},[31,119730,141],{"class":140},[31,119732,120],{"class":41},[31,119734,119735],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,119736,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,119738,119739,119741,119743,119745],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,119740,134],{"class":133},[31,119742,137],{"class":41},[31,119744,141],{"class":140},[31,119746,120],{"class":41},[14,119748,358],{},[21,119750,119752],{"className":23,"code":119751,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[28,119753,119754],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119755,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119757,42],{"class":41},[31,119759,173],{"class":95},[31,119761,99],{"class":41},[31,119763,6082],{"class":95},[31,119765,99],{"class":41},[31,119767,3571],{"class":95},[31,119769,59],{"class":41},[14,119771,119772],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[72,119774,3407],{"id":3406},[228,119776,119777,119781,119784,119789,119793],{},[231,119778,5161,119779,74567],{},[28,119780,75028],{},[231,119782,119783],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[231,119785,5287,119786,119788],{},[28,119787,75028],{}," always returns a list",[231,119790,9007,119791,23703],{},[28,119792,119241],{},[231,119794,30252,119795,119797,119798],{},[28,119796,64920],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[28,119799,75028],{},[14,119801,119802],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[21,119804,119806],{"className":23,"code":119805,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[28,119807,119808,119830,119856,119894],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,119809,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,119811,134],{"class":133},[31,119813,137],{"class":41},[31,119815,75118],{"class":133},[31,119817,3564],{"class":41},[31,119819,173],{"class":95},[31,119821,99],{"class":41},[31,119823,6082],{"class":95},[31,119825,99],{"class":41},[31,119827,3571],{"class":95},[31,119829,2399],{"class":41},[31,119831,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,119833,134],{"class":133},[31,119835,137],{"class":41},[31,119837,1562],{"class":1561},[31,119839,137],{"class":41},[31,119841,75118],{"class":133},[31,119843,6095],{"class":41},[31,119845,173],{"class":95},[31,119847,99],{"class":41},[31,119849,6082],{"class":95},[31,119851,99],{"class":41},[31,119853,3571],{"class":95},[31,119855,93951],{"class":41},[31,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,119859,134],{"class":133},[31,119861,137],{"class":41},[31,119863,75118],{"class":133},[31,119865,3564],{"class":41},[31,119867,370],{"class":259},[31,119869,83947],{"class":263},[31,119871,370],{"class":259},[31,119873,99],{"class":41},[31,119875,379],{"class":259},[31,119877,4660],{"class":263},[31,119879,370],{"class":259},[31,119881,18661],{"class":41},[31,119883,22178],{"class":9767},[31,119885,89],{"class":88},[31,119887,4019],{"class":1561},[31,119889,70],{"class":41},[31,119891,9231],{"class":25350},[31,119893,1569],{"class":41},[31,119895,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,119897,134],{"class":133},[31,119899,137],{"class":41},[31,119901,75118],{"class":133},[31,119903,3564],{"class":41},[31,119905,173],{"class":95},[31,119907,99],{"class":41},[31,119909,6082],{"class":95},[31,119911,99],{"class":41},[31,119913,3571],{"class":95},[31,119915,18661],{"class":41},[31,119917,78655],{"class":9767},[31,119919,89],{"class":88},[31,119921,4181],{"class":4432},[31,119923,1569],{"class":41},[14,119925,119926,119927,70],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[264,119928,53380],{"href":51587},[72,119930,2435],{"id":2434},[613,119932,13299,119934,57772],{"id":119933},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[28,119935,75028],{},[14,119937,119938],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[613,119940,2453,119942,13311],{"id":119941},"what-does-sorted-return",[28,119943,75028],{},[14,119945,119946],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[613,119948,119950,119951,11685,119953,2466],{"id":119949},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[28,119952,75028],{},[28,119954,78452],{},[14,119956,2668,119957,119959],{},[28,119958,75028],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[613,119961,2453,119963,87035,119965,2466],{"id":119962},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[28,119964,119241],{},[28,119966,75028],{},[14,119968,119969],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[613,119971,5740,119973,119975,119976,2466],{"id":119972},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[28,119974,75028],{}," give a ",[28,119977,3583],{},[14,119979,119980],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[72,119982,2475],{"id":2474},[228,119984,119985,119989,119997,120001,120007,120013],{},[231,119986,119987],{},[264,119988,80458],{"href":78961},[231,119990,119991],{},[264,119992,4152,119993,11177,119995,6368],{"href":79710},[28,119994,75028],{},[28,119996,78452],{},[231,119998,119999],{},[264,120000,53380],{"href":51587},[231,120002,120003],{},[264,120004,4152,120005,4085],{"href":42964},[28,120006,42967],{},[231,120008,120009],{},[264,120010,4152,120011,4085],{"href":92607},[28,120012,36355],{},[231,120014,120015],{},[264,120016,4152,120017,4085],{"href":36799},[28,120018,36802],{},[2499,120020,120021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":120023},[120024,120025,120027,120030,120031,120038,120040,120042,120044,120050,120051,120063],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":118304,"depth":123,"text":120026},"What sorted() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":120028},[120029],{"id":17992,"depth":130,"text":17993},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":118543,"depth":123,"text":118544,"children":120032},[120033,120034,120035,120036,120037],{"id":8682,"depth":130,"text":118552},{"id":38,"depth":130,"text":118616},{"id":6871,"depth":130,"text":118713},{"id":61782,"depth":130,"text":118777},{"id":16202,"depth":130,"text":29825},{"id":118982,"depth":123,"text":120039},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119238,"depth":123,"text":120041},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119510,"depth":123,"text":120043},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119566,"depth":123,"text":119567,"children":120045},[120046,120047,120049],{"id":119575,"depth":130,"text":119576},{"id":119630,"depth":130,"text":120048},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119693,"depth":130,"text":119694},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":120052},[120053,120055,120057,120059,120061],{"id":119933,"depth":130,"text":120054},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119941,"depth":130,"text":120056},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119949,"depth":130,"text":120058},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119962,"depth":130,"text":120060},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119972,"depth":130,"text":120062},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118206,"description":120064},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":120071,"title":120072,"body":120073,"description":122184,"extension":2542,"meta":122185,"navigation":126,"path":79710,"seo":122186,"stem":122187,"__hash__":122188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":120074,"toc":122131},[120075,120082,120085,120095,120101,120104,120122,120130,120132,120191,120199,120203,120225,120229,120233,120235,120252,120254,120266,120272,120356,120360,120407,120413,120420,120424,120429,120431,120443,120448,120501,120505,120525,120532,120539,120543,120546,120565,120569,120683,120687,120757,120759,120771,120776,120780,120793,120797,120872,120876,120915,120922,120928,120933,120937,120951,120955,121020,121024,121057,121060,121065,121073,121080,121093,121096,121100,121183,121187,121224,121228,121331,121335,121396,121401,121408,121412,121415,121421,121424,121491,121495,121519,121521,121539,121546,121599,121603,121623,121629,121631,121688,121695,121721,121726,121731,121739,121745,121805,121809,121856,121859,121861,121864,121890,121893,121986,121988,122008,122012,122015,122033,122039,122041,122049,122054,122061,122064,122070,122073,122079,122087,122095,122100,122102,122128],[10,120076,4152,120078,11177,120080,93665],{"id":120077},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[28,120079,75028],{},[28,120081,78452],{},[14,120083,120084],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[228,120086,120087,120091],{},[231,120088,120089],{},[28,120090,75028],{},[231,120092,120093],{},[28,120094,78452],{},[14,120096,120097,120098,120100],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[67,120099,5213],{}," behave the same way.",[14,120102,120103],{},"The main difference is simple:",[228,120105,120106,120114],{},[231,120107,2668,120108,120110,120111],{},[28,120109,75028],{}," when you want a ",[67,120112,120113],{},"new sorted result",[231,120115,2668,120116,120118,120119],{},[28,120117,78452],{}," when you want to ",[67,120120,120121],{},"change the original list",[14,120123,120124,120125,2972,120127,120129],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[28,120126,78452],{},[28,120128,4357],{}," and causes confusion.",[72,120131,4186],{"id":4185},[21,120133,120135],{"className":23,"code":120134,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[28,120136,120137,120157,120161,120178],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120138,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120140,85],{"class":37},[31,120142,89],{"class":88},[31,120144,4200],{"class":41},[31,120146,173],{"class":95},[31,120148,99],{"class":41},[31,120150,6082],{"class":95},[31,120152,99],{"class":41},[31,120154,3571],{"class":95},[31,120156,59],{"class":41},[31,120158,120159],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120160,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120162,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120164,56499],{"class":37},[31,120166,89],{"class":88},[31,120168,75162],{"class":133},[31,120170,137],{"class":41},[31,120172,141],{"class":140},[31,120174,4238],{"class":41},[31,120176,120177],{"class":157},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[31,120179,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,120181,141],{"class":37},[31,120183,70],{"class":41},[31,120185,35404],{"class":140},[31,120187,7953],{"class":41},[31,120189,120190],{"class":157},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,120192,2668,120193,120195,120196,120198],{},[28,120194,75028],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[28,120197,78452],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[72,120200,120202],{"id":120201},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[228,120204,120205,120210,120215,120222],{},[231,120206,2668,120207,120209],{},[28,120208,75028],{}," to get a new sorted list",[231,120211,2668,120212,120214],{},[28,120213,78452],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[231,120216,120217,120218,2972,120220],{},"Understand why ",[28,120219,78452],{},[28,120221,4357],{},[231,120223,120224],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[72,120226,4255,120227,4258],{"id":118304},[28,120228,75028],{},[14,120230,120231,63534],{},[28,120232,75028],{},[14,120234,49536],{},[228,120236,120237,120243,120249],{},[231,120238,120239,120240],{},"returns a ",[67,120241,120242],{},"new list",[231,120244,120245,120246,120248],{},"does ",[67,120247,5213],{}," change the original data",[231,120250,120251],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,120253,51741],{},[228,120255,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264],{},[231,120257,5883],{},[231,120259,5886],{},[231,120261,5892],{},[231,120263,5889],{},[231,120265,36516],{},[613,120267,35683,120269,120271],{"id":120268},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[28,120270,75028],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[21,120273,120275],{"className":23,"code":120274,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[28,120276,120277,120297,120301,120315,120319,120337],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120278,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120280,85],{"class":37},[31,120282,89],{"class":88},[31,120284,4200],{"class":41},[31,120286,173],{"class":95},[31,120288,99],{"class":41},[31,120290,6082],{"class":95},[31,120292,99],{"class":41},[31,120294,3571],{"class":95},[31,120296,59],{"class":41},[31,120298,120299],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120300,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120302,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120304,1522],{"class":37},[31,120306,89],{"class":88},[31,120308,75162],{"class":133},[31,120310,137],{"class":41},[31,120312,141],{"class":140},[31,120314,120],{"class":41},[31,120316,120317],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,120318,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120320,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,120322,134],{"class":133},[31,120324,137],{"class":41},[31,120326,260],{"class":259},[31,120328,12748],{"class":263},[31,120330,260],{"class":259},[31,120332,99],{"class":41},[31,120334,1527],{"class":140},[31,120336,120],{"class":41},[31,120338,120339,120341,120343,120345,120348,120350,120352,120354],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,120340,134],{"class":133},[31,120342,137],{"class":41},[31,120344,260],{"class":259},[31,120346,120347],{"class":263},"sorted result:",[31,120349,260],{"class":259},[31,120351,99],{"class":41},[31,120353,81801],{"class":140},[31,120355,120],{"class":41},[14,120357,120358],{},[67,120359,358],{},[21,120361,120363],{"className":23,"code":120362,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,120364,120365,120385],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120366,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120368,12727],{"class":37},[31,120370,48],{"class":41},[31,120372,4200],{"class":41},[31,120374,173],{"class":95},[31,120376,99],{"class":41},[31,120378,6082],{"class":95},[31,120380,99],{"class":41},[31,120382,3571],{"class":95},[31,120384,59],{"class":41},[31,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120388,75118],{"class":133},[31,120390,81801],{"class":37},[31,120392,48],{"class":41},[31,120394,4200],{"class":41},[31,120396,146],{"class":95},[31,120398,99],{"class":41},[31,120400,3571],{"class":95},[31,120402,99],{"class":41},[31,120404,3027],{"class":95},[31,120406,59],{"class":41},[14,120408,120409,120410,120412],{},"The important part is that ",[28,120411,141],{}," stays the same.",[14,120414,120415,120416,70],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[264,120417,4152,120418,4085],{"href":75125},[28,120419,75028],{},[72,120421,4255,120422,4258],{"id":78518},[28,120423,78452],{},[14,120425,120426,120428],{},[28,120427,64920],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,120430,49536],{},[228,120432,120433,120436,120439],{},[231,120434,120435],{},"changes the original list directly",[231,120437,120438],{},"only works on lists",[231,120440,4270,120441],{},[28,120442,4357],{},[613,120444,35683,120446,74567],{"id":120445},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[28,120447,78452],{},[21,120449,120451],{"className":23,"code":120450,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,120452,120453,120473,120477,120487,120491],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120454,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120456,85],{"class":37},[31,120458,89],{"class":88},[31,120460,4200],{"class":41},[31,120462,173],{"class":95},[31,120464,99],{"class":41},[31,120466,6082],{"class":95},[31,120468,99],{"class":41},[31,120470,3571],{"class":95},[31,120472,59],{"class":41},[31,120474,120475],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120476,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120478,120479,120481,120483,120485],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120480,141],{"class":37},[31,120482,70],{"class":41},[31,120484,35404],{"class":140},[31,120486,1772],{"class":41},[31,120488,120489],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,120490,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120492,120493,120495,120497,120499],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,120494,134],{"class":133},[31,120496,137],{"class":41},[31,120498,141],{"class":140},[31,120500,120],{"class":41},[14,120502,120503],{},[67,120504,358],{},[21,120506,120507],{"className":23,"code":55759,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,120508,120509],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120510,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120512,42],{"class":41},[31,120514,146],{"class":95},[31,120516,99],{"class":41},[31,120518,3571],{"class":95},[31,120520,99],{"class":41},[31,120522,3027],{"class":95},[31,120524,59],{"class":41},[14,120526,120527,120528,120531],{},"After calling ",[28,120529,120530],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120533,120534,120535,70],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[264,120536,4152,120537,11333],{"href":75379},[28,120538,78452],{},[72,120540,120542],{"id":120541},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120544,120545],{},"Here is the core difference:",[228,120547,120548,120557],{},[231,120549,120550,120553,120554],{},[28,120551,120552],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[67,120555,120556],{},"new sorted list",[231,120558,120559,120562,120563,74936],{},[28,120560,120561],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[28,120564,8928],{},[613,120566,120568],{"id":120567},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[21,120570,120572],{"className":23,"code":120571,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[28,120573,120574,120594,120598,120612,120631,120650,120654,120664],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120575,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120577,85],{"class":37},[31,120579,89],{"class":88},[31,120581,4200],{"class":41},[31,120583,559],{"class":95},[31,120585,99],{"class":41},[31,120587,3571],{"class":95},[31,120589,99],{"class":41},[31,120591,3033],{"class":95},[31,120593,59],{"class":41},[31,120595,120596],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120597,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120599,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120601,3130],{"class":37},[31,120603,89],{"class":88},[31,120605,75162],{"class":133},[31,120607,137],{"class":41},[31,120609,141],{"class":140},[31,120611,120],{"class":41},[31,120613,120614,120616,120618,120620,120623,120625,120627,120629],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,120615,134],{"class":133},[31,120617,137],{"class":41},[31,120619,260],{"class":259},[31,120621,120622],{"class":263},"numbers after sorted():",[31,120624,260],{"class":259},[31,120626,99],{"class":41},[31,120628,1527],{"class":140},[31,120630,120],{"class":41},[31,120632,120633,120635,120637,120639,120642,120644,120646,120648],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,120634,134],{"class":133},[31,120636,137],{"class":41},[31,120638,260],{"class":259},[31,120640,120641],{"class":263},"a:",[31,120643,260],{"class":259},[31,120645,99],{"class":41},[31,120647,57496],{"class":140},[31,120649,120],{"class":41},[31,120651,120652],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,120653,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120655,120656,120658,120660,120662],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,120657,141],{"class":37},[31,120659,70],{"class":41},[31,120661,35404],{"class":140},[31,120663,1772],{"class":41},[31,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672,120675,120677,120679,120681],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,120667,134],{"class":133},[31,120669,137],{"class":41},[31,120671,260],{"class":259},[31,120673,120674],{"class":263},"numbers after sort():",[31,120676,260],{"class":259},[31,120678,99],{"class":41},[31,120680,1527],{"class":140},[31,120682,120],{"class":41},[14,120684,120685],{},[67,120686,358],{},[21,120688,120690],{"className":23,"code":120689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[28,120691,120692,120715,120735],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120693,120694,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120695,120696],{"class":37},"numbers after ",[31,120698,75118],{"class":133},[31,120700,30186],{"class":41},[31,120702,4200],{"class":41},[31,120704,559],{"class":95},[31,120706,99],{"class":41},[31,120708,3571],{"class":95},[31,120710,99],{"class":41},[31,120712,3033],{"class":95},[31,120714,59],{"class":41},[31,120716,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120718,264],{"class":37},[31,120720,48],{"class":41},[31,120722,4200],{"class":41},[31,120724,193],{"class":95},[31,120726,99],{"class":41},[31,120728,3033],{"class":95},[31,120730,99],{"class":41},[31,120732,5187],{"class":95},[31,120734,59],{"class":41},[31,120736,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120738,120696],{"class":37},[31,120740,35404],{"class":140},[31,120742,30186],{"class":41},[31,120744,4200],{"class":41},[31,120746,193],{"class":95},[31,120748,99],{"class":41},[31,120750,3033],{"class":95},[31,120752,99],{"class":41},[31,120754,5187],{"class":95},[31,120756,59],{"class":41},[14,120758,11305],{},[228,120760,120761,120766],{},[231,120762,120763,120765],{},[28,120764,75028],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[231,120767,120768,120770],{},[28,120769,64920],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[72,120772,5544,120774],{"id":120773},"when-to-use-sorted",[28,120775,75028],{},[14,120777,2668,120778,11193],{},[28,120779,75028],{},[228,120781,120782,120785,120787,120790],{},[231,120783,120784],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[231,120786,119554],{},[231,120788,120789],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[231,120791,120792],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[613,120794,120796],{"id":120795},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[21,120798,120800],{"className":23,"code":120799,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,120801,120802,120826,120830,120844,120848,120858],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120803,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120805,85],{"class":37},[31,120807,89],{"class":88},[31,120809,92],{"class":41},[31,120811,151],{"class":95},[31,120813,99],{"class":41},[31,120815,6082],{"class":95},[31,120817,99],{"class":41},[31,120819,3027],{"class":95},[31,120821,99],{"class":41},[31,120823,3571],{"class":95},[31,120825,120],{"class":41},[31,120827,120828],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120829,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120831,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120833,1522],{"class":37},[31,120835,89],{"class":88},[31,120837,75162],{"class":133},[31,120839,137],{"class":41},[31,120841,141],{"class":140},[31,120843,120],{"class":41},[31,120845,120846],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,120847,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120849,120850,120852,120854,120856],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,120851,134],{"class":133},[31,120853,137],{"class":41},[31,120855,1550],{"class":140},[31,120857,120],{"class":41},[31,120859,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,120861,134],{"class":133},[31,120863,137],{"class":41},[31,120865,1562],{"class":1561},[31,120867,137],{"class":41},[31,120869,1550],{"class":140},[31,120871,1569],{"class":41},[14,120873,120874],{},[67,120875,358],{},[21,120877,120879],{"className":23,"code":120878,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[28,120880,120881,120901],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120882,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120884,42],{"class":41},[31,120886,146],{"class":95},[31,120888,99],{"class":41},[31,120890,3571],{"class":95},[31,120892,99],{"class":41},[31,120894,3027],{"class":95},[31,120896,99],{"class":41},[31,120898,3033],{"class":95},[31,120900,59],{"class":41},[31,120902,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120904,1593],{"class":88},[31,120906,1597],{"class":1596},[31,120908,379],{"class":259},[31,120910,8682],{"class":263},[31,120912,370],{"class":259},[31,120914,1606],{"class":88},[14,120916,2862,120917,120919,120920,70],{},[28,120918,75028],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[67,120921,8682],{},[14,120923,120924,120925,120927],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[264,120926,53380],{"href":51587}," is a helpful next step.",[72,120929,5544,120931],{"id":120930},"when-to-use-listsort",[28,120932,78452],{},[14,120934,2668,120935,11193],{},[28,120936,78452],{},[228,120938,120939,120942,120945,120948],{},[231,120940,120941],{},"you already have a list",[231,120943,120944],{},"you want to update that list directly",[231,120946,120947],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[231,120949,120950],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[613,120952,120954],{"id":120953},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[21,120956,120958],{"className":23,"code":120957,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[28,120959,120960,120992,120996,121006,121010],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,120961,120962,120964,120966,120968,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,120963,5578],{"class":37},[31,120965,89],{"class":88},[31,120967,4200],{"class":41},[31,120969,260],{"class":259},[31,120971,5605],{"class":263},[31,120973,260],{"class":259},[31,120975,99],{"class":41},[31,120977,271],{"class":259},[31,120979,5587],{"class":263},[31,120981,260],{"class":259},[31,120983,99],{"class":41},[31,120985,271],{"class":259},[31,120987,5596],{"class":263},[31,120989,260],{"class":259},[31,120991,59],{"class":41},[31,120993,120994],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,120995,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,120997,120998,121000,121002,121004],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,120999,5622],{"class":37},[31,121001,70],{"class":41},[31,121003,35404],{"class":140},[31,121005,1772],{"class":41},[31,121007,121008],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121009,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121011,121012,121014,121016,121018],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121013,134],{"class":133},[31,121015,137],{"class":41},[31,121017,5622],{"class":140},[31,121019,120],{"class":41},[14,121021,121022],{},[67,121023,358],{},[21,121025,121027],{"className":23,"code":121026,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[28,121028,121029],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121030,121031,121033,121035,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053,121055],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121032,42],{"class":41},[31,121034,370],{"class":259},[31,121036,5587],{"class":263},[31,121038,370],{"class":259},[31,121040,99],{"class":41},[31,121042,379],{"class":259},[31,121044,5596],{"class":263},[31,121046,370],{"class":259},[31,121048,99],{"class":41},[31,121050,379],{"class":259},[31,121052,5605],{"class":263},[31,121054,370],{"class":259},[31,121056,59],{"class":41},[14,121058,121059],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,121061,121062,121063,70],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[264,121064,80458],{"href":78961},[72,121066,121068,4975,121070,121072],{"id":121067},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[28,121069,74182],{},[28,121071,15439],{}," work with both",[14,121074,11182,121075,4975,121077,121079],{},[28,121076,75028],{},[28,121078,78452],{}," support:",[228,121081,121082,121087],{},[231,121083,121084,121086],{},[28,121085,78676],{}," for descending order",[231,121088,121089,121092],{},[28,121090,121091],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,121094,121095],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[613,121097,121099],{"id":121098},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[21,121101,121103],{"className":23,"code":121102,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,121104,121105,121125,121129,121151,121155,121173],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121106,121107,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121108,85],{"class":37},[31,121110,89],{"class":88},[31,121112,4200],{"class":41},[31,121114,173],{"class":95},[31,121116,99],{"class":41},[31,121118,6082],{"class":95},[31,121120,99],{"class":41},[31,121122,3571],{"class":95},[31,121124,59],{"class":41},[31,121126,121127],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121128,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121130,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143,121145,121147,121149],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121132,134],{"class":133},[31,121134,137],{"class":41},[31,121136,75118],{"class":133},[31,121138,137],{"class":41},[31,121140,141],{"class":140},[31,121142,99],{"class":41},[31,121144,78655],{"class":9767},[31,121146,89],{"class":88},[31,121148,4181],{"class":4432},[31,121150,1569],{"class":41},[31,121152,121153],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121154,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121156,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121158,141],{"class":37},[31,121160,70],{"class":41},[31,121162,35404],{"class":140},[31,121164,137],{"class":41},[31,121166,74182],{"class":9767},[31,121168,89],{"class":88},[31,121170,4181],{"class":4432},[31,121172,120],{"class":41},[31,121174,121175,121177,121179,121181],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,121176,134],{"class":133},[31,121178,137],{"class":41},[31,121180,141],{"class":140},[31,121182,120],{"class":41},[14,121184,121185],{},[67,121186,358],{},[21,121188,121190],{"className":23,"code":121189,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[28,121191,121192,121208],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121193,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121195,42],{"class":41},[31,121197,173],{"class":95},[31,121199,99],{"class":41},[31,121201,3571],{"class":95},[31,121203,99],{"class":41},[31,121205,6082],{"class":95},[31,121207,59],{"class":41},[31,121209,121210,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121211,42],{"class":41},[31,121213,173],{"class":95},[31,121215,99],{"class":41},[31,121217,3571],{"class":95},[31,121219,99],{"class":41},[31,121221,6082],{"class":95},[31,121223,59],{"class":41},[613,121225,121227],{"id":121226},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[21,121229,121231],{"className":23,"code":121230,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[28,121232,121233,121265,121269,121295,121299,121321],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121234,121235,121237,121239,121241,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255,121257,121259,121261,121263],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121236,4651],{"class":37},[31,121238,89],{"class":88},[31,121240,4200],{"class":41},[31,121242,260],{"class":259},[31,121244,83947],{"class":263},[31,121246,260],{"class":259},[31,121248,99],{"class":41},[31,121250,271],{"class":259},[31,121252,4660],{"class":263},[31,121254,260],{"class":259},[31,121256,99],{"class":41},[31,121258,271],{"class":259},[31,121260,119419],{"class":263},[31,121262,260],{"class":259},[31,121264,59],{"class":41},[31,121266,121267],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121268,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121270,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287,121289,121291,121293],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121272,134],{"class":133},[31,121274,137],{"class":41},[31,121276,75118],{"class":133},[31,121278,137],{"class":41},[31,121280,4695],{"class":140},[31,121282,99],{"class":41},[31,121284,22178],{"class":9767},[31,121286,89],{"class":88},[31,121288,4019],{"class":1561},[31,121290,70],{"class":41},[31,121292,9231],{"class":25350},[31,121294,1569],{"class":41},[31,121296,121297],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121298,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121300,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315,121317,121319],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121302,4695],{"class":37},[31,121304,70],{"class":41},[31,121306,35404],{"class":140},[31,121308,137],{"class":41},[31,121310,15439],{"class":9767},[31,121312,89],{"class":88},[31,121314,4019],{"class":1561},[31,121316,70],{"class":41},[31,121318,9231],{"class":25350},[31,121320,120],{"class":41},[31,121322,121323,121325,121327,121329],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,121324,134],{"class":133},[31,121326,137],{"class":41},[31,121328,4695],{"class":140},[31,121330,120],{"class":41},[14,121332,121333],{},[67,121334,358],{},[21,121336,121338],{"className":23,"code":121337,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[28,121339,121340,121368],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121341,121342,121344,121346,121348,121350,121352,121354,121356,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121343,42],{"class":41},[31,121345,370],{"class":259},[31,121347,4660],{"class":263},[31,121349,370],{"class":259},[31,121351,99],{"class":41},[31,121353,379],{"class":259},[31,121355,83947],{"class":263},[31,121357,370],{"class":259},[31,121359,99],{"class":41},[31,121361,379],{"class":259},[31,121363,119419],{"class":263},[31,121365,370],{"class":259},[31,121367,59],{"class":41},[31,121369,121370,121372,121374,121376,121378,121380,121382,121384,121386,121388,121390,121392,121394],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121371,42],{"class":41},[31,121373,370],{"class":259},[31,121375,4660],{"class":263},[31,121377,370],{"class":259},[31,121379,99],{"class":41},[31,121381,379],{"class":259},[31,121383,83947],{"class":263},[31,121385,370],{"class":259},[31,121387,99],{"class":41},[31,121389,379],{"class":259},[31,121391,119419],{"class":263},[31,121393,370],{"class":259},[31,121395,59],{"class":41},[14,121397,9007,121398,121400],{},[28,121399,79170],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,121402,121403,121404,70],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[264,121405,121407],{"href":121406},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[72,121409,121411],{"id":121410},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,121413,121414],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[613,121416,121418,121419,13192],{"id":121417},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[28,121420,78452],{},[14,121422,121423],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[21,121425,121427],{"className":23,"code":121426,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,121428,121429,121449,121453,121467,121471,121481],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121430,121431,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441,121443,121445,121447],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121432,85],{"class":37},[31,121434,89],{"class":88},[31,121436,4200],{"class":41},[31,121438,173],{"class":95},[31,121440,99],{"class":41},[31,121442,6082],{"class":95},[31,121444,99],{"class":41},[31,121446,3571],{"class":95},[31,121448,59],{"class":41},[31,121450,121451],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121452,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121454,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463,121465],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121456,1522],{"class":37},[31,121458,89],{"class":88},[31,121460,1527],{"class":37},[31,121462,70],{"class":41},[31,121464,35404],{"class":140},[31,121466,1772],{"class":41},[31,121468,121469],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121470,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121472,121473,121475,121477,121479],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121474,134],{"class":133},[31,121476,137],{"class":41},[31,121478,1550],{"class":140},[31,121480,120],{"class":41},[31,121482,121483,121485,121487,121489],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,121484,134],{"class":133},[31,121486,137],{"class":41},[31,121488,141],{"class":140},[31,121490,120],{"class":41},[14,121492,121493],{},[67,121494,358],{},[21,121496,121497],{"className":23,"code":79793,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,121498,121499,121503],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121500,121501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121502,12402],{"class":4432},[31,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515,121517],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121506,42],{"class":41},[31,121508,146],{"class":95},[31,121510,99],{"class":41},[31,121512,3571],{"class":95},[31,121514,99],{"class":41},[31,121516,3027],{"class":95},[31,121518,59],{"class":41},[14,121520,12494],{},[228,121522,121523,121528,121533],{},[231,121524,121525,121527],{},[28,121526,120530],{}," sorts the list in place",[231,121529,35620,121530,121532],{},[67,121531,5213],{}," return the sorted list",[231,121534,90571,121535,42761,121537],{},[28,121536,1550],{},[28,121538,4357],{},[613,121540,121542,121543,121545],{"id":121541},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[28,121544,75028],{}," to change the original list",[21,121547,121549],{"className":23,"code":121548,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,121550,121551,121571,121575,121585,121589],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121552,121553,121555,121557,121559,121561,121563,121565,121567,121569],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121554,85],{"class":37},[31,121556,89],{"class":88},[31,121558,4200],{"class":41},[31,121560,173],{"class":95},[31,121562,99],{"class":41},[31,121564,6082],{"class":95},[31,121566,99],{"class":41},[31,121568,3571],{"class":95},[31,121570,59],{"class":41},[31,121572,121573],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121574,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121576,121577,121579,121581,121583],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121578,75118],{"class":133},[31,121580,137],{"class":41},[31,121582,141],{"class":140},[31,121584,120],{"class":41},[31,121586,121587],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121588,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121592,134],{"class":133},[31,121594,137],{"class":41},[31,121596,141],{"class":140},[31,121598,120],{"class":41},[14,121600,121601],{},[67,121602,358],{},[21,121604,121605],{"className":23,"code":119751,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,121606,121607],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121610,42],{"class":41},[31,121612,173],{"class":95},[31,121614,99],{"class":41},[31,121616,6082],{"class":95},[31,121618,99],{"class":41},[31,121620,3571],{"class":95},[31,121622,59],{"class":41},[14,121624,121625,121628],{},[28,121626,121627],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121630,11400],{},[21,121632,121634],{"className":23,"code":121633,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[28,121635,121636,121656,121660,121674,121678],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121637,121638,121640,121642,121644,121646,121648,121650,121652,121654],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121639,85],{"class":37},[31,121641,89],{"class":88},[31,121643,4200],{"class":41},[31,121645,173],{"class":95},[31,121647,99],{"class":41},[31,121649,6082],{"class":95},[31,121651,99],{"class":41},[31,121653,3571],{"class":95},[31,121655,59],{"class":41},[31,121657,121658],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121659,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121661,121662,121664,121666,121668,121670,121672],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121663,56251],{"class":37},[31,121665,89],{"class":88},[31,121667,75162],{"class":133},[31,121669,137],{"class":41},[31,121671,141],{"class":140},[31,121673,120],{"class":41},[31,121675,121676],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121677,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121679,121680,121682,121684,121686],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121681,134],{"class":133},[31,121683,137],{"class":41},[31,121685,56270],{"class":140},[31,121687,120],{"class":41},[613,121689,121691,121692,121694],{"id":121690},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[28,121693,64920],{}," on a tuple or string",[21,121696,121697],{"className":23,"code":79895,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,121698,121699,121711],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121700,121701,121703,121705,121707,121709],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121702,35292],{"class":37},[31,121704,89],{"class":88},[31,121706,271],{"class":259},[31,121708,25],{"class":263},[31,121710,3934],{"class":259},[31,121712,121713,121715,121717,121719],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121714,35313],{"class":37},[31,121716,70],{"class":41},[31,121718,35404],{"class":140},[31,121720,1772],{"class":41},[14,121722,121723,121724,34205],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[28,121725,64920],{},[14,121727,121728,121730],{},[28,121729,64920],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121732,121733,121734,121736,121737,70],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[28,121735,75028],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[264,121738,5719],{"href":6171},[613,121740,121742,121743,119788],{"id":121741},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[28,121744,75028],{},[21,121746,121748],{"className":23,"code":121747,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,121749,121750,121763,121777,121781,121791],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121751,121752,121754,121756,121758,121761],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121753,35292],{"class":37},[31,121755,89],{"class":88},[31,121757,271],{"class":259},[31,121759,121760],{"class":263},"cab",[31,121762,3934],{"class":259},[31,121764,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121766,1522],{"class":37},[31,121768,89],{"class":88},[31,121770,75162],{"class":133},[31,121772,137],{"class":41},[31,121774,35313],{"class":140},[31,121776,120],{"class":41},[31,121778,121779],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121780,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,121782,121783,121785,121787,121789],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121784,134],{"class":133},[31,121786,137],{"class":41},[31,121788,1550],{"class":140},[31,121790,120],{"class":41},[31,121792,121793,121795,121797,121799,121801,121803],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121794,134],{"class":133},[31,121796,137],{"class":41},[31,121798,1562],{"class":1561},[31,121800,137],{"class":41},[31,121802,1550],{"class":140},[31,121804,1569],{"class":41},[14,121806,121807],{},[67,121808,358],{},[21,121810,121812],{"className":23,"code":121811,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[28,121813,121814,121842],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121815,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830,121832,121834,121836,121838,121840],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121817,42],{"class":41},[31,121819,370],{"class":259},[31,121821,264],{"class":263},[31,121823,370],{"class":259},[31,121825,99],{"class":41},[31,121827,379],{"class":259},[31,121829,274],{"class":263},[31,121831,370],{"class":259},[31,121833,99],{"class":41},[31,121835,379],{"class":259},[31,121837,283],{"class":263},[31,121839,370],{"class":259},[31,121841,59],{"class":41},[31,121843,121844,121846,121848,121850,121852,121854],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121845,1593],{"class":88},[31,121847,1597],{"class":1596},[31,121849,379],{"class":259},[31,121851,8682],{"class":263},[31,121853,370],{"class":259},[31,121855,1606],{"class":88},[14,121857,121858],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[72,121860,2317],{"id":2316},[14,121862,121863],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[228,121865,121866,121869,121874,121879,121885],{},[231,121867,121868],{},"confusing a function with a method",[231,121870,121871,121872,54253],{},"not knowing that ",[28,121873,64920],{},[231,121875,121876,121877,13192],{},"assigning the result of ",[28,121878,78452],{},[231,121880,121881,121882,121884],{},"trying to use ",[28,121883,64920],{}," on non-list data types",[231,121886,51114,121887,121889],{},[28,121888,75028],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121891,121892],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[21,121894,121896],{"className":23,"code":121895,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[28,121897,121898,121908,121922,121947,121962,121972],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,121901,134],{"class":133},[31,121903,137],{"class":41},[31,121905,8928],{"class":140},[31,121907,120],{"class":41},[31,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,121911,134],{"class":133},[31,121913,137],{"class":41},[31,121915,75118],{"class":133},[31,121917,137],{"class":41},[31,121919,8928],{"class":140},[31,121921,1569],{"class":41},[31,121923,121924,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936,121939,121941,121943,121945],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,121925,1522],{"class":37},[31,121927,89],{"class":88},[31,121929,8985],{"class":37},[31,121931,70],{"class":41},[31,121933,35404],{"class":140},[31,121935,7953],{"class":41},[31,121937,121938],{"class":37},"; ",[31,121940,134],{"class":133},[31,121942,137],{"class":41},[31,121944,1550],{"class":140},[31,121946,120],{"class":41},[31,121948,121949,121951,121953,121955,121957,121960],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,121950,134],{"class":133},[31,121952,137],{"class":41},[31,121954,1562],{"class":1561},[31,121956,137],{"class":41},[31,121958,121959],{"class":140},"my_data",[31,121961,1569],{"class":41},[31,121963,121964,121966,121968,121970],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,121965,32756],{"class":133},[31,121967,137],{"class":41},[31,121969,75118],{"class":133},[31,121971,120],{"class":41},[31,121973,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982,121984],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,121975,32756],{"class":133},[31,121977,137],{"class":41},[31,121979,8682],{"class":1561},[31,121981,70],{"class":41},[31,121983,35404],{"class":25350},[31,121985,120],{"class":41},[14,121987,84957],{},[228,121989,121990,121993,121997,122005],{},[231,121991,121992],{},"whether your original list changed",[231,121994,26620,121995,12299],{},[28,121996,75028],{},[231,121998,121999,122000,122002,122003],{},"whether ",[28,122001,64920],{}," returned ",[28,122004,4357],{},[231,122006,122007],{},"what type of object you are working with",[72,122009,122011],{"id":122010},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,122013,122014],{},"Use this rule:",[228,122016,122017,122025],{},[231,122018,122019,122020,122022,122023],{},"Need a ",[67,122021,120113],{},": use ",[28,122024,75028],{},[231,122026,122027,122028,122022,122031],{},"Need to ",[67,122029,122030],{},"change one list directly",[28,122032,78452],{},[14,122034,122035,122036,122038],{},"For many beginners, ",[28,122037,75028],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[72,122040,2435],{"id":2434},[613,122042,122044,122045,3456,122047,2466],{"id":122043},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[28,122046,75028],{},[28,122048,78452],{},[14,122050,122051,122053],{},[28,122052,75028],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[613,122055,5740,122057,5743,122059,2466],{"id":122056},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[28,122058,78452],{},[28,122060,4357],{},[14,122062,122063],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[613,122065,5752,122067,122069],{"id":122066},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[28,122068,75028],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,122071,122072],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[613,122074,28930,122076,122078],{"id":122075},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[28,122077,64920],{}," on a string?",[14,122080,46973,122081,122083,122084,40535],{},[28,122082,64920],{}," is a list method. Use ",[28,122085,122086],{},"sorted(string)",[613,122088,12413,122090,4975,122092,122094],{"id":122089},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[28,122091,75028],{},[28,122093,64920],{}," both support descending order?",[14,122096,122097,122098,70],{},"Yes. Both support ",[28,122099,78676],{},[72,122101,2475],{"id":2474},[228,122103,122104,122110,122116,122120,122124],{},[231,122105,122106],{},[264,122107,4152,122108,4085],{"href":75125},[28,122109,75028],{},[231,122111,122112],{},[264,122113,4152,122114,11333],{"href":75379},[28,122115,78452],{},[231,122117,122118],{},[264,122119,80458],{"href":78961},[231,122121,122122],{},[264,122123,121407],{"href":121406},[231,122125,122126],{},[264,122127,53380],{"href":51587},[2499,122129,122130],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":122132},[122133,122134,122135,122139,122143,122146,122150,122154,122159,122169,122170,122171,122183],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":120201,"depth":123,"text":120202},{"id":118304,"depth":123,"text":120026,"children":122136},[122137],{"id":120268,"depth":130,"text":122138},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78518,"depth":123,"text":80480,"children":122140},[122141],{"id":120445,"depth":130,"text":122142},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120541,"depth":123,"text":120542,"children":122144},[122145],{"id":120567,"depth":130,"text":120568},{"id":120773,"depth":123,"text":122147,"children":122148},"When to use sorted()",[122149],{"id":120795,"depth":130,"text":120796},{"id":120930,"depth":123,"text":122151,"children":122152},"When to use list.sort()",[122153],{"id":120953,"depth":130,"text":120954},{"id":121067,"depth":123,"text":122155,"children":122156},"reverse and key work with both",[122157,122158],{"id":121098,"depth":130,"text":121099},{"id":121226,"depth":130,"text":121227},{"id":121410,"depth":123,"text":121411,"children":122160},[122161,122163,122165,122167],{"id":121417,"depth":130,"text":122162},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121541,"depth":130,"text":122164},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121690,"depth":130,"text":122166},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121741,"depth":130,"text":122168},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":2316,"depth":123,"text":2317},{"id":122010,"depth":123,"text":122011},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":122172},[122173,122175,122177,122179,122181],{"id":122043,"depth":130,"text":122174},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":122056,"depth":130,"text":122176},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":122066,"depth":130,"text":122178},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":122075,"depth":130,"text":122180},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":122089,"depth":130,"text":122182},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":120072,"description":122184},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122190,"title":42782,"body":122191,"description":123923,"extension":2542,"meta":123924,"navigation":126,"path":123925,"seo":123926,"stem":123927,"__hash__":123928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122192,"toc":123880},[122193,122198,122203,122209,122211,122266,122270,122293,122298,122303,122308,122310,122341,122344,122358,122360,122362,122377,122382,122386,122389,122440,122444,122458,122465,122469,122473,122528,122532,122555,122559,122615,122619,122642,122646,122701,122705,122728,122732,122799,122803,122838,122844,122849,122854,122856,122870,122872,122946,122950,122970,122975,122982,122985,122997,122999,123068,123072,123109,123112,123137,123144,123153,123156,123168,123174,123180,123182,123188,123193,123272,123276,123317,123321,123323,123350,123353,123376,123379,123385,123388,123425,123437,123444,123446,123497,123500,123532,123535,123537,123544,123546,123561,123563,123620,123624,123648,123650,123655,123671,123678,123682,123685,123768,123778,123780,123785,123788,123794,123797,123803,123806,123812,123815,123822,123830,123832,123877],[10,122194,4152,122196,4156],{"id":122195},"python-str-function-explained",[28,122197,48292],{},[14,122199,32921,122200,122202],{},[28,122201,48292],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,122204,122205,122206,122208],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[28,122207,48292],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[72,122210,75],{"id":74},[21,122212,122214],{"className":23,"code":122213,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,122215,122216,122224,122238,122242,122252],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122217,122218,122220,122222],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122219,22227],{"class":37},[31,122221,89],{"class":88},[31,122223,45833],{"class":95},[31,122225,122226,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122227,35292],{"class":37},[31,122229,89],{"class":88},[31,122231,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122233,137],{"class":41},[31,122235,9890],{"class":140},[31,122237,120],{"class":41},[31,122239,122240],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122241,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122243,122244,122246,122248,122250],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122245,134],{"class":133},[31,122247,137],{"class":41},[31,122249,35313],{"class":140},[31,122251,120],{"class":41},[31,122253,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,122255,134],{"class":133},[31,122257,137],{"class":41},[31,122259,1562],{"class":1561},[31,122261,137],{"class":41},[31,122263,35313],{"class":140},[31,122265,1569],{"class":41},[14,122267,122268],{},[67,122269,358],{},[21,122271,122273],{"className":23,"code":122272,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,122274,122275,122279],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122276,122277],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122278,3285],{"class":95},[31,122280,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122282,1593],{"class":88},[31,122284,1597],{"class":1596},[31,122286,379],{"class":259},[31,122288,4019],{"class":263},[31,122290,370],{"class":259},[31,122292,1606],{"class":88},[14,122294,2668,122295,122297],{},[28,122296,48292],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[72,122299,4255,122301,4258],{"id":122300},"what-str-does",[28,122302,48292],{},[14,122304,122305,122307],{},[28,122306,48292],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,122309,2683],{},[228,122311,122312,122319,122326,122333],{},[231,122313,122314,122315,42761,122317],{},"An integer like ",[28,122316,96],{},[28,122318,42732],{},[231,122320,122321,122322,42761,122324],{},"A float like ",[28,122323,40748],{},[28,122325,48703],{},[231,122327,122328,122329,42761,122331],{},"A boolean like ",[28,122330,4181],{},[28,122332,7227],{},[231,122334,122335,122336,42761,122338],{},"A list like ",[28,122337,75850],{},[28,122339,122340],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,122342,122343],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[228,122345,122346,122349,122352,122355],{},[231,122347,122348],{},"print it",[231,122350,122351],{},"combine it with other strings",[231,122353,122354],{},"save it to a file",[231,122356,122357],{},"use it in messages",[72,122359,2733],{"id":2732},[14,122361,7805],{},[21,122363,122365],{"className":23,"code":122364,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"str(object)\n",[28,122366,122367],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122368,122369,122371,122373,122375],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122370,4019],{"class":1561},[31,122372,137],{"class":41},[31,122374,43005],{"class":1561},[31,122376,120],{"class":41},[14,122378,21369,122379,122381],{},[28,122380,43005],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,122383,122384,8814],{},[28,122385,48292],{},[14,122387,122388],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[21,122390,122392],{"className":23,"code":122391,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[28,122393,122394,122403,122426,122430],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122395,122396,122398,122400],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122397,5678],{"class":37},[31,122399,89],{"class":88},[31,122401,122402],{"class":95}," 100\n",[31,122404,122405,122407,122409,122411,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122406,90591],{"class":37},[31,122408,89],{"class":88},[31,122410,271],{"class":259},[31,122412,122413],{"class":263},"Your score is ",[31,122415,260],{"class":259},[31,122417,3030],{"class":88},[31,122419,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122421,137],{"class":41},[31,122423,86104],{"class":140},[31,122425,120],{"class":41},[31,122427,122428],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122429,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122431,122432,122434,122436,122438],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122433,134],{"class":133},[31,122435,137],{"class":41},[31,122437,90608],{"class":140},[31,122439,120],{"class":41},[14,122441,122442],{},[67,122443,358],{},[21,122445,122447],{"className":23,"code":122446,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Your score is 100\n",[28,122448,122449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122450,122451,122454,122456],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122452,122453],{"class":37},"Your score ",[31,122455,12788],{"class":88},[31,122457,122402],{"class":95},[14,122459,2872,122460,122464],{},[264,122461,122462,2879],{"href":2875},[28,122463,2878],{}," can help you check.",[72,122466,122468],{"id":122467},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[613,122470,122472],{"id":122471},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[21,122474,122476],{"className":23,"code":122475,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,122477,122478,122486,122500,122504,122514],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122479,122480,122482,122484],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122481,2794],{"class":37},[31,122483,89],{"class":88},[31,122485,3163],{"class":95},[31,122487,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122489,35292],{"class":37},[31,122491,89],{"class":88},[31,122493,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122495,137],{"class":41},[31,122497,2816],{"class":140},[31,122499,120],{"class":41},[31,122501,122502],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122503,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122505,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122507,134],{"class":133},[31,122509,137],{"class":41},[31,122511,35313],{"class":140},[31,122513,120],{"class":41},[31,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522,122524,122526],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,122517,134],{"class":133},[31,122519,137],{"class":41},[31,122521,1562],{"class":1561},[31,122523,137],{"class":41},[31,122525,35313],{"class":140},[31,122527,1569],{"class":41},[14,122529,122530],{},[67,122531,358],{},[21,122533,122535],{"className":23,"code":122534,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,122536,122537,122541],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122538,122539],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122540,2951],{"class":95},[31,122542,122543,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122544,1593],{"class":88},[31,122546,1597],{"class":1596},[31,122548,379],{"class":259},[31,122550,4019],{"class":263},[31,122552,370],{"class":259},[31,122554,1606],{"class":88},[613,122556,122558],{"id":122557},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[21,122560,122562],{"className":23,"code":122561,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,122563,122564,122573,122587,122591,122601],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122565,122566,122568,122570],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122567,40992],{"class":37},[31,122569,89],{"class":88},[31,122571,122572],{"class":95}," 3.14\n",[31,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122576,35292],{"class":37},[31,122578,89],{"class":88},[31,122580,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122582,137],{"class":41},[31,122584,25750],{"class":140},[31,122586,120],{"class":41},[31,122588,122589],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122590,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122592,122593,122595,122597,122599],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122594,134],{"class":133},[31,122596,137],{"class":41},[31,122598,35313],{"class":140},[31,122600,120],{"class":41},[31,122602,122603,122605,122607,122609,122611,122613],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,122604,134],{"class":133},[31,122606,137],{"class":41},[31,122608,1562],{"class":1561},[31,122610,137],{"class":41},[31,122612,35313],{"class":140},[31,122614,1569],{"class":41},[14,122616,122617],{},[67,122618,358],{},[21,122620,122622],{"className":23,"code":122621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,122623,122624,122628],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122625,122626],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122627,40782],{"class":95},[31,122629,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122631,1593],{"class":88},[31,122633,1597],{"class":1596},[31,122635,379],{"class":259},[31,122637,4019],{"class":263},[31,122639,370],{"class":259},[31,122641,1606],{"class":88},[613,122643,122645],{"id":122644},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[21,122647,122649],{"className":23,"code":122648,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,122650,122651,122659,122673,122677,122687],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122652,122653,122655,122657],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122654,3022],{"class":37},[31,122656,89],{"class":88},[31,122658,7008],{"class":4432},[31,122660,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122662,35292],{"class":37},[31,122664,89],{"class":88},[31,122666,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122668,137],{"class":41},[31,122670,3049],{"class":140},[31,122672,120],{"class":41},[31,122674,122675],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122676,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122678,122679,122681,122683,122685],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122680,134],{"class":133},[31,122682,137],{"class":41},[31,122684,35313],{"class":140},[31,122686,120],{"class":41},[31,122688,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,122690,134],{"class":133},[31,122692,137],{"class":41},[31,122694,1562],{"class":1561},[31,122696,137],{"class":41},[31,122698,35313],{"class":140},[31,122700,1569],{"class":41},[14,122702,122703],{},[67,122704,358],{},[21,122706,122708],{"className":23,"code":122707,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,122709,122710,122714],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122711,122712],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122713,4560],{"class":4432},[31,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122717,1593],{"class":88},[31,122719,1597],{"class":1596},[31,122721,379],{"class":259},[31,122723,4019],{"class":263},[31,122725,370],{"class":259},[31,122727,1606],{"class":88},[613,122729,122731],{"id":122730},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[21,122733,122735],{"className":23,"code":122734,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,122736,122737,122757,122771,122775,122785],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122738,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753,122755],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122740,8368],{"class":37},[31,122742,89],{"class":88},[31,122744,4200],{"class":41},[31,122746,146],{"class":95},[31,122748,99],{"class":41},[31,122750,3571],{"class":95},[31,122752,99],{"class":41},[31,122754,3027],{"class":95},[31,122756,59],{"class":41},[31,122758,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122760,35292],{"class":37},[31,122762,89],{"class":88},[31,122764,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122766,137],{"class":41},[31,122768,8397],{"class":140},[31,122770,120],{"class":41},[31,122772,122773],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122774,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122776,122777,122779,122781,122783],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122778,134],{"class":133},[31,122780,137],{"class":41},[31,122782,35313],{"class":140},[31,122784,120],{"class":41},[31,122786,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795,122797],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,122788,134],{"class":133},[31,122790,137],{"class":41},[31,122792,1562],{"class":1561},[31,122794,137],{"class":41},[31,122796,35313],{"class":140},[31,122798,1569],{"class":41},[14,122800,122801],{},[67,122802,358],{},[21,122804,122806],{"className":23,"code":122805,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,122807,122808,122824],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122809,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818,122820,122822],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122811,42],{"class":41},[31,122813,146],{"class":95},[31,122815,99],{"class":41},[31,122817,3571],{"class":95},[31,122819,99],{"class":41},[31,122821,3027],{"class":95},[31,122823,59],{"class":41},[31,122825,122826,122828,122830,122832,122834,122836],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122827,1593],{"class":88},[31,122829,1597],{"class":1596},[31,122831,379],{"class":259},[31,122833,4019],{"class":263},[31,122835,370],{"class":259},[31,122837,1606],{"class":88},[14,122839,122840,122841,122843],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[67,122842,5213],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[72,122845,5544,122847],{"id":122846},"when-to-use-str",[28,122848,48292],{},[14,122850,2668,122851,122853],{},[28,122852,48292],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122855,37030],{},[228,122857,122858,122861,122864,122867],{},[231,122859,122860],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[231,122862,122863],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[231,122865,122866],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[231,122868,122869],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122871,242],{},[21,122873,122875],{"className":23,"code":122874,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[28,122876,122877,122889,122897,122901,122936],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122878,122879,122881,122883,122885,122887],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122880,8464],{"class":37},[31,122882,89],{"class":88},[31,122884,271],{"class":259},[31,122886,12102],{"class":263},[31,122888,3934],{"class":259},[31,122890,122891,122893,122895],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,122892,22227],{"class":37},[31,122894,89],{"class":88},[31,122896,45833],{"class":95},[31,122898,122899],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,122900,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,122902,122903,122905,122907,122909,122911,122913,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929,122931,122934],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,122904,90591],{"class":37},[31,122906,89],{"class":88},[31,122908,36575],{"class":37},[31,122910,2636],{"class":88},[31,122912,271],{"class":259},[31,122914,5366],{"class":263},[31,122916,260],{"class":259},[31,122918,3030],{"class":88},[31,122920,49513],{"class":1561},[31,122922,137],{"class":41},[31,122924,9890],{"class":140},[31,122926,4238],{"class":41},[31,122928,3030],{"class":88},[31,122930,271],{"class":259},[31,122932,122933],{"class":263}," years old.",[31,122935,3934],{"class":259},[31,122937,122938,122940,122942,122944],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,122939,134],{"class":133},[31,122941,137],{"class":41},[31,122943,90608],{"class":140},[31,122945,120],{"class":41},[14,122947,122948],{},[67,122949,358],{},[21,122951,122953],{"className":23,"code":122952,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[28,122954,122955],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,122956,122957,122960,122962,122964,122967],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,122958,122959],{"class":37},"Maya ",[31,122961,12788],{"class":88},[31,122963,9897],{"class":95},[31,122965,122966],{"class":37}," years old",[31,122968,122969],{"class":41},".\n",[14,122971,122972,122973,70],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[264,122974,90277],{"href":90276},[72,122976,122978,11177,122980],{"id":122977},"str-vs-print",[28,122979,48292],{},[28,122981,47060],{},[14,122983,122984],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[228,122986,122987,122992],{},[231,122988,122989,122991],{},[28,122990,48292],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[231,122993,122994,122996],{},[28,122995,47060],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122998,242],{},[21,123000,123002],{"className":23,"code":123001,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[28,123003,123004,123012,123016,123030,123040,123054],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123005,123006,123008,123010],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123007,3022],{"class":37},[31,123009,89],{"class":88},[31,123011,3345],{"class":95},[31,123013,123014],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123015,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,123017,123018,123020,123022,123024,123026,123028],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123019,35292],{"class":37},[31,123021,89],{"class":88},[31,123023,49513],{"class":1561},[31,123025,137],{"class":41},[31,123027,3049],{"class":140},[31,123029,120],{"class":41},[31,123031,123032,123034,123036,123038],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,123033,134],{"class":133},[31,123035,137],{"class":41},[31,123037,35313],{"class":140},[31,123039,120],{"class":41},[31,123041,123042,123044,123046,123048,123050,123052],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,123043,134],{"class":133},[31,123045,137],{"class":41},[31,123047,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123049,137],{"class":41},[31,123051,35313],{"class":140},[31,123053,1569],{"class":41},[31,123055,123056,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,123057,134],{"class":133},[31,123059,137],{"class":41},[31,123061,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123063,137],{"class":41},[31,123065,3049],{"class":140},[31,123067,1569],{"class":41},[14,123069,123070],{},[67,123071,358],{},[21,123073,123075],{"className":23,"code":123074,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,123076,123077,123081,123095],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123078,123079],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123080,47220],{"class":95},[31,123082,123083,123085,123087,123089,123091,123093],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123084,1593],{"class":88},[31,123086,1597],{"class":1596},[31,123088,379],{"class":259},[31,123090,4019],{"class":263},[31,123092,370],{"class":259},[31,123094,1606],{"class":88},[31,123096,123097,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123098,1593],{"class":88},[31,123100,1597],{"class":1596},[31,123102,379],{"class":259},[31,123104,2765],{"class":263},[31,123106,370],{"class":259},[31,123108,1606],{"class":88},[14,123110,123111],{},"Notice:",[228,123113,123114,123120,123125],{},[231,123115,123116,123119],{},[28,123117,123118],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[231,123121,123122,123124],{},[28,123123,47060],{}," only displayed values",[231,123126,123127,123129,123130,123132,123133,61909,123135],{},[28,123128,47060],{}," did not change ",[28,123131,3049],{}," from ",[28,123134,2765],{},[28,123136,4019],{},[14,123138,123139,123140,70],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[264,123141,123142,2879],{"href":47057},[28,123143,47060],{},[72,123145,123147,11177,123149,123152],{"id":123146},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[28,123148,48292],{},[28,123150,123151],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,123154,123155],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[228,123157,123158,123163],{},[231,123159,123160,123162],{},[28,123161,48292],{}," is the more readable text version",[231,123164,123165,123167],{},[28,123166,123151],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,123169,123170,123171,123173],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[28,123172,48292],{}," much more often.",[14,123175,123176,123177,123179],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[28,123178,48292],{}," is usually the right choice.",[72,123181,5101],{"id":5100},[613,123183,26375,123185,123187],{"id":123184},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[28,123186,48292],{}," changes the original variable",[14,123189,123190,123192],{},[28,123191,48292],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[21,123194,123196],{"className":23,"code":123195,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,123197,123198,123206,123220,123224,123234,123248,123258],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123199,123200,123202,123204],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123201,22227],{"class":37},[31,123203,89],{"class":88},[31,123205,45833],{"class":95},[31,123207,123208,123210,123212,123214,123216,123218],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123209,35292],{"class":37},[31,123211,89],{"class":88},[31,123213,49513],{"class":1561},[31,123215,137],{"class":41},[31,123217,9890],{"class":140},[31,123219,120],{"class":41},[31,123221,123222],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123223,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,123225,123226,123228,123230,123232],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,123227,134],{"class":133},[31,123229,137],{"class":41},[31,123231,9890],{"class":140},[31,123233,120],{"class":41},[31,123235,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244,123246],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,123237,134],{"class":133},[31,123239,137],{"class":41},[31,123241,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123243,137],{"class":41},[31,123245,9890],{"class":140},[31,123247,1569],{"class":41},[31,123249,123250,123252,123254,123256],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,123251,134],{"class":133},[31,123253,137],{"class":41},[31,123255,35313],{"class":140},[31,123257,120],{"class":41},[31,123259,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,123261,134],{"class":133},[31,123263,137],{"class":41},[31,123265,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123267,137],{"class":41},[31,123269,35313],{"class":140},[31,123271,1569],{"class":41},[14,123273,123274],{},[67,123275,358],{},[21,123277,123279],{"className":23,"code":123278,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,123280,123281,123285,123299,123303],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123282,123283],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123284,3285],{"class":95},[31,123286,123287,123289,123291,123293,123295,123297],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123288,1593],{"class":88},[31,123290,1597],{"class":1596},[31,123292,379],{"class":259},[31,123294,2765],{"class":263},[31,123296,370],{"class":259},[31,123298,1606],{"class":88},[31,123300,123301],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123302,3285],{"class":95},[31,123304,123305,123307,123309,123311,123313,123315],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,123306,1593],{"class":88},[31,123308,1597],{"class":1596},[31,123310,379],{"class":259},[31,123312,4019],{"class":263},[31,123314,370],{"class":259},[31,123316,1606],{"class":88},[613,123318,123320],{"id":123319},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,123322,7274],{},[21,123324,123326],{"className":23,"code":123325,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[28,123327,123328,123336],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123329,123330,123332,123334],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123331,22227],{"class":37},[31,123333,89],{"class":88},[31,123335,45833],{"class":95},[31,123337,123338,123340,123342,123344,123346,123348],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123339,35292],{"class":37},[31,123341,89],{"class":88},[31,123343,49513],{"class":1561},[31,123345,137],{"class":41},[31,123347,9890],{"class":140},[31,123349,120],{"class":41},[14,123351,123352],{},"But if you only do this:",[21,123354,123356],{"className":23,"code":123355,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[28,123357,123358,123366],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123359,123360,123362,123364],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123361,22227],{"class":37},[31,123363,89],{"class":88},[31,123365,45833],{"class":95},[31,123367,123368,123370,123372,123374],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123369,4019],{"class":1561},[31,123371,137],{"class":41},[31,123373,9890],{"class":140},[31,123375,120],{"class":41},[14,123377,123378],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[613,123380,9007,123382,123384],{"id":123381},"using-str-too-early",[28,123383,48292],{}," too early",[14,123386,123387],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[21,123389,123391],{"className":23,"code":123390,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[28,123392,123393,123401,123416,123420],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123394,123395,123397,123399],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123396,40992],{"class":37},[31,123398,89],{"class":88},[31,123400,3163],{"class":95},[31,123402,123403,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123404,123405],{"class":37},"text_price ",[31,123407,89],{"class":88},[31,123409,49513],{"class":1561},[31,123411,137],{"class":41},[31,123413,25750],{"class":140},[31,123415,120],{"class":41},[31,123417,123418],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123419,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,123421,123422],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,123423,123424],{"class":157},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,123426,123427,123428,3456,123432,123436],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[264,123429,123430],{"href":3452},[28,123431,3455],{},[264,123433,123434],{"href":3459},[28,123435,3462],{},", depending on the situation.",[613,123438,9043,123440,123443],{"id":123439},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[28,123441,123442],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,123445,65252],{},[21,123447,123449],{"className":23,"code":123448,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[28,123450,123451,123483],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123452,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123454,8368],{"class":37},[31,123456,89],{"class":88},[31,123458,4200],{"class":41},[31,123460,260],{"class":259},[31,123462,4660],{"class":263},[31,123464,260],{"class":259},[31,123466,99],{"class":41},[31,123468,271],{"class":259},[31,123470,4669],{"class":263},[31,123472,260],{"class":259},[31,123474,99],{"class":41},[31,123476,271],{"class":259},[31,123478,33825],{"class":263},[31,123480,260],{"class":259},[31,123482,59],{"class":41},[31,123484,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123486,134],{"class":133},[31,123488,137],{"class":41},[31,123490,4019],{"class":1561},[31,123492,137],{"class":41},[31,123494,8397],{"class":140},[31,123496,1569],{"class":41},[14,123498,123499],{},"prints:",[21,123501,123502],{"className":23,"code":73441,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,123503,123504],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123505,123506,123508,123510,123512,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123507,42],{"class":41},[31,123509,370],{"class":259},[31,123511,4660],{"class":263},[31,123513,370],{"class":259},[31,123515,99],{"class":41},[31,123517,379],{"class":259},[31,123519,4669],{"class":263},[31,123521,370],{"class":259},[31,123523,99],{"class":41},[31,123525,379],{"class":259},[31,123527,33825],{"class":263},[31,123529,370],{"class":259},[31,123531,59],{"class":41},[14,123533,123534],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[72,123536,18017],{"id":18016},[14,123538,123539,22574,123541,70],{},[28,123540,48292],{},[67,123542,123543],{},"new string",[14,123545,12051],{},[228,123547,123548,123551,123554],{},[231,123549,123550],{},"It always returns a string",[231,123552,123553],{},"It does not modify the original object",[231,123555,8351,123556,123560],{},[264,123557,123558],{"href":2875},[28,123559,2878],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123562,242],{},[21,123564,123566],{"className":23,"code":123565,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[28,123567,123568,123576,123591,123595,123606],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123569,123570,123572,123574],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123571,3022],{"class":37},[31,123573,89],{"class":88},[31,123575,14728],{"class":95},[31,123577,123578,123581,123583,123585,123587,123589],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123579,123580],{"class":37},"converted ",[31,123582,89],{"class":88},[31,123584,49513],{"class":1561},[31,123586,137],{"class":41},[31,123588,3049],{"class":140},[31,123590,120],{"class":41},[31,123592,123593],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123594,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,123596,123597,123599,123601,123604],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,123598,134],{"class":133},[31,123600,137],{"class":41},[31,123602,123603],{"class":140},"converted",[31,123605,120],{"class":41},[31,123607,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,123609,134],{"class":133},[31,123611,137],{"class":41},[31,123613,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123615,137],{"class":41},[31,123617,123603],{"class":140},[31,123619,1569],{"class":41},[14,123621,123622],{},[67,123623,358],{},[21,123625,123627],{"className":23,"code":123626,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,123628,123629,123634],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123630,123631],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123632,123633],{"class":95},"99\n",[31,123635,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123637,1593],{"class":88},[31,123639,1597],{"class":1596},[31,123641,379],{"class":259},[31,123643,4019],{"class":263},[31,123645,370],{"class":259},[31,123647,1606],{"class":88},[72,123649,2317],{"id":2316},[14,123651,123652,123653,75419],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[28,123654,48292],{},[228,123656,123657,123660,123663,123668],{},[231,123658,123659],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[231,123661,123662],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[231,123664,9007,123665,123667],{},[28,123666,48292],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[231,123669,123670],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123672,123673,123674,70],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[264,123675,26280,123676],{"href":90989},[28,123677,90990],{},[72,123679,123681],{"id":123680},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123683,123684],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[21,123686,123688],{"className":23,"code":123687,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[28,123689,123690,123698,123702,123712,123726,123730,123744,123754],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123691,123692,123694,123696],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123693,3022],{"class":37},[31,123695,89],{"class":88},[31,123697,45833],{"class":95},[31,123699,123700],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123701,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,123703,123704,123706,123708,123710],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,123705,134],{"class":133},[31,123707,137],{"class":41},[31,123709,3049],{"class":140},[31,123711,120],{"class":41},[31,123713,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,123715,134],{"class":133},[31,123717,137],{"class":41},[31,123719,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123721,137],{"class":41},[31,123723,3049],{"class":140},[31,123725,1569],{"class":41},[31,123727,123728],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,123729,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,123731,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,123733,123580],{"class":37},[31,123735,89],{"class":88},[31,123737,49513],{"class":1561},[31,123739,137],{"class":41},[31,123741,3049],{"class":140},[31,123743,120],{"class":41},[31,123745,123746,123748,123750,123752],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,123747,134],{"class":133},[31,123749,137],{"class":41},[31,123751,123603],{"class":140},[31,123753,120],{"class":41},[31,123755,123756,123758,123760,123762,123764,123766],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,123757,134],{"class":133},[31,123759,137],{"class":41},[31,123761,1562],{"class":1561},[31,123763,137],{"class":41},[31,123765,123603],{"class":140},[31,123767,1569],{"class":41},[14,123769,123770,123771,2766,123773,123775,123776,70],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[28,123772,2765],{},[28,123774,2769],{},", or another type into ",[28,123777,4019],{},[72,123779,2435],{"id":2434},[613,123781,2453,123783,5727],{"id":123782},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[28,123784,48292],{},[14,123786,123787],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[613,123789,13299,123791,123793],{"id":123790},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[28,123792,48292],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123795,123796],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[613,123798,5752,123800,123802],{"id":123799},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[28,123801,48292],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123804,123805],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[613,123807,95175,123809,123811],{"id":123808},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[28,123810,48292],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123813,123814],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[613,123816,15501,123818,57814,123820,2466],{"id":123817},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[28,123819,48292],{},[28,123821,47060],{},[14,123823,46973,123824,123826,123827,123829],{},[28,123825,48292],{}," converts to text. ",[28,123828,47060],{}," shows output.",[72,123831,2475],{"id":2474},[228,123833,123834,123840,123846,123852,123858,123867,123871],{},[231,123835,123836],{},[264,123837,123838,4085],{"href":47057},[28,123839,47060],{},[231,123841,123842],{},[264,123843,123844,4085],{"href":2875},[28,123845,2878],{},[231,123847,123848],{},[264,123849,123850,4085],{"href":3452},[28,123851,3455],{},[231,123853,123854],{},[264,123855,123856,4085],{"href":3459},[28,123857,3462],{},[231,123859,123860],{},[264,123861,123863,123864,123866],{"href":123862},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[28,123865,2765],{}," to string in Python",[231,123868,123869],{},[264,123870,91267],{"href":90276},[231,123872,123873],{},[264,123874,30950,123875],{"href":90989},[28,123876,90990],{},[2499,123878,123879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":123881},[123882,123883,123885,123886,123892,123894,123896,123898,123907,123908,123909,123910,123922],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":122300,"depth":123,"text":123884},"What str() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":122467,"depth":123,"text":122468,"children":123887},[123888,123889,123890,123891],{"id":122471,"depth":130,"text":122472},{"id":122557,"depth":130,"text":122558},{"id":122644,"depth":130,"text":122645},{"id":122730,"depth":130,"text":122731},{"id":122846,"depth":123,"text":123893},"When to use str()",{"id":122977,"depth":123,"text":123895},"str() vs print()",{"id":123146,"depth":123,"text":123897},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":123899},[123900,123902,123903,123905],{"id":123184,"depth":130,"text":123901},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123319,"depth":130,"text":123320},{"id":123381,"depth":130,"text":123904},"Using str() too early",{"id":123439,"depth":130,"text":123906},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":2316,"depth":123,"text":2317},{"id":123680,"depth":123,"text":123681},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":123911},[123912,123914,123916,123918,123920],{"id":123782,"depth":130,"text":123913},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123790,"depth":130,"text":123915},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123799,"depth":130,"text":123917},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123808,"depth":130,"text":123919},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123817,"depth":130,"text":123921},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42782,"description":123923},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123930,"title":123931,"body":123932,"description":125385,"extension":2542,"meta":125386,"navigation":126,"path":125387,"seo":125388,"stem":125389,"__hash__":125390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123933,"toc":125347},[123934,123940,123946,123949,123971,123973,124035,124037,124050,124056,124061,124066,124068,124081,124092,124094,124121,124123,124140,124147,124158,124160,124165,124167,124179,124187,124196,124198,124201,124254,124256,124264,124272,124276,124281,124321,124323,124331,124334,124336,124376,124378,124386,124396,124402,124405,124478,124480,124493,124497,124502,124530,124533,124568,124570,124578,124581,124585,124589,124591,124607,124609,124649,124651,124659,124668,124711,124713,124721,124723,124727,124733,124736,124776,124778,124786,124791,124794,124837,124841,124844,124879,124884,124886,124925,124935,124943,124953,124961,124965,124970,124972,125013,125015,125023,125028,125031,125034,125052,125058,125062,125067,125070,125110,125112,125117,125216,125219,125235,125237,125256,125258,125265,125268,125274,125277,125283,125287,125293,125296,125302,125305,125307,125344],[10,123935,123937,123938,11914],{"id":123936},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[28,123939,57899],{},[14,123941,123942,123943,123945],{},"The Python string ",[28,123944,57899],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123947,123948],{},"This reference page explains:",[228,123950,123951,123955,123958,123960,123968],{},[231,123952,26620,123953,4258],{},[28,123954,57899],{},[231,123956,123957],{},"its syntax",[231,123959,36000],{},[231,123961,123962,123963,4975,123965,123967],{},"how ",[28,123964,45],{},[28,123966,53269],{}," work",[231,123969,123970],{},"common beginner mistakes",[72,123972,75],{"id":74},[21,123974,123976],{"className":23,"code":123975,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[28,123977,123978,123990,124012],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,123979,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,123981,35292],{"class":37},[31,123983,89],{"class":88},[31,123985,271],{"class":259},[31,123987,4669],{"class":263},[31,123989,3934],{"class":259},[31,123991,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,123993,134],{"class":133},[31,123995,137],{"class":41},[31,123997,35313],{"class":140},[31,123999,70],{"class":41},[31,124001,41865],{"class":140},[31,124003,137],{"class":41},[31,124005,260],{"class":259},[31,124007,264],{"class":263},[31,124009,260],{"class":259},[31,124011,1569],{"class":41},[31,124013,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124031,124033],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,124015,134],{"class":133},[31,124017,137],{"class":41},[31,124019,35313],{"class":140},[31,124021,70],{"class":41},[31,124023,41865],{"class":140},[31,124025,137],{"class":41},[31,124027,260],{"class":259},[31,124029,124030],{"class":263},"na",[31,124032,260],{"class":259},[31,124034,1569],{"class":41},[14,124036,358],{},[21,124038,124040],{"className":23,"code":124039,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"3\n2\n",[28,124041,124042,124046],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124043,124044],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124045,47225],{"class":95},[31,124047,124048],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124049,17654],{"class":95},[14,124051,2668,124052,124055],{},[28,124053,124054],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[72,124057,13592,124059,13595],{"id":124058},"what-the-count-method-does",[28,124060,57899],{},[14,124062,124063,124065],{},[28,124064,57899],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,124067,13648],{},[228,124069,124070,124073,124076,124078],{},[231,124071,124072],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[231,124074,124075],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[231,124077,44265],{},[231,124079,124080],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,124082,124083,124084,124086,124087,2766,124089,124091],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[28,124085,18695],{}," characters are in ",[28,124088,65882],{},[28,124090,57899],{}," is a simple choice.",[72,124093,2733],{"id":2732},[21,124095,124097],{"className":23,"code":124096,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[28,124098,124099],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124100,124101,124103,124105,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124102,61782],{"class":37},[31,124104,70],{"class":41},[31,124106,41865],{"class":140},[31,124108,137],{"class":41},[31,124110,3049],{"class":140},[31,124112,99],{"class":41},[31,124114,36658],{"class":140},[31,124116,99],{"class":41},[31,124118,65649],{"class":140},[31,124120,120],{"class":41},[613,124122,17993],{"id":17992},[228,124124,124125,124130,124135],{},[231,124126,124127,124129],{},[28,124128,3049],{},": the text to search for",[231,124131,124132,124134],{},[28,124133,45],{},": optional; where counting begins",[231,124136,124137,124139],{},[28,124138,53269],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,124141,124142,4975,124144,124146],{},[28,124143,45],{},[28,124145,53269],{}," work like slice positions:",[228,124148,124149,124154],{},[231,124150,124151,124153],{},[28,124152,45],{}," is included",[231,124155,124156,76338],{},[28,124157,53269],{},[72,124159,18017],{"id":18016},[14,124161,124162,124164],{},[28,124163,57899],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,124166,2701],{},[228,124168,124169,124174],{},[231,124170,124171,124172],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[28,124173,173],{},[231,124175,124176,124177],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[28,124178,1243],{},[14,124180,41511,124181,5743,124183,3456,124185,70],{},[67,124182,5213],{},[28,124184,4181],{},[28,124186,4251],{},[14,124188,124189,124190,124195],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[264,124191,124193,102185],{"href":124192},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[28,124194,4464],{}," is often a better fit.",[72,124197,12068],{"id":12067},[14,124199,124200],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[21,124202,124204],{"className":23,"code":124203,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,124205,124206,124218,124240,124244],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124207,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124209,35292],{"class":37},[31,124211,89],{"class":88},[31,124213,271],{"class":259},[31,124215,4660],{"class":263},[31,124217,3934],{"class":259},[31,124219,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124221,1522],{"class":37},[31,124223,89],{"class":88},[31,124225,43448],{"class":37},[31,124227,70],{"class":41},[31,124229,41865],{"class":140},[31,124231,137],{"class":41},[31,124233,260],{"class":259},[31,124235,14],{"class":263},[31,124237,260],{"class":259},[31,124239,120],{"class":41},[31,124241,124242],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,124243,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,124245,124246,124248,124250,124252],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,124247,134],{"class":133},[31,124249,137],{"class":41},[31,124251,1550],{"class":140},[31,124253,120],{"class":41},[14,124255,358],{},[21,124257,124258],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124259,124260],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124261,124262],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124263,17654],{"class":95},[14,124265,64428,124266,124269,124270,70],{},[28,124267,124268],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[28,124271,58442],{},[72,124273,124275],{"id":124274},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,124277,124278,124280],{},[28,124279,57899],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[21,124282,124284],{"className":23,"code":124283,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[28,124285,124286,124299],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124287,124288,124290,124292,124294,124297],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124289,35292],{"class":37},[31,124291,89],{"class":88},[31,124293,271],{"class":259},[31,124295,124296],{"class":263},"cat dog cat bird cat",[31,124298,3934],{"class":259},[31,124300,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124302,134],{"class":133},[31,124304,137],{"class":41},[31,124306,35313],{"class":140},[31,124308,70],{"class":41},[31,124310,41865],{"class":140},[31,124312,137],{"class":41},[31,124314,260],{"class":259},[31,124316,37651],{"class":263},[31,124318,260],{"class":259},[31,124320,1569],{"class":41},[14,124322,358],{},[21,124324,124325],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124326,124327],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124328,124329],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124330,47225],{"class":95},[14,124332,124333],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,124335,242],{},[21,124337,124339],{"className":23,"code":124338,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[28,124340,124341,124354],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124342,124343,124345,124347,124349,124352],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124344,35292],{"class":37},[31,124346,89],{"class":88},[31,124348,271],{"class":259},[31,124350,124351],{"class":263},"one One one",[31,124353,3934],{"class":259},[31,124355,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124357,134],{"class":133},[31,124359,137],{"class":41},[31,124361,35313],{"class":140},[31,124363,70],{"class":41},[31,124365,41865],{"class":140},[31,124367,137],{"class":41},[31,124369,260],{"class":259},[31,124371,7171],{"class":263},[31,124373,260],{"class":259},[31,124375,1569],{"class":41},[14,124377,358],{},[21,124379,124380],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124381,124382],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124383,124384],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124385,17654],{"class":95},[14,124387,124388,124389,124392,124393,124395],{},"The uppercase ",[28,124390,124391],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[28,124394,57899],{}," is case-sensitive.",[72,124397,9007,124398,4975,124400],{"id":66014},[28,124399,45],{},[28,124401,53269],{},[14,124403,124404],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[21,124406,124408],{"className":23,"code":124407,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[28,124409,124410,124422,124448],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124411,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124413,35292],{"class":37},[31,124415,89],{"class":88},[31,124417,271],{"class":259},[31,124419,4669],{"class":263},[31,124421,3934],{"class":259},[31,124423,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124425,134],{"class":133},[31,124427,137],{"class":41},[31,124429,35313],{"class":140},[31,124431,70],{"class":41},[31,124433,41865],{"class":140},[31,124435,137],{"class":41},[31,124437,260],{"class":259},[31,124439,264],{"class":263},[31,124441,260],{"class":259},[31,124443,99],{"class":41},[31,124445,3571],{"class":95},[31,124447,1569],{"class":41},[31,124449,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458,124460,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470,124472,124474,124476],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,124451,134],{"class":133},[31,124453,137],{"class":41},[31,124455,35313],{"class":140},[31,124457,70],{"class":41},[31,124459,41865],{"class":140},[31,124461,137],{"class":41},[31,124463,260],{"class":259},[31,124465,264],{"class":263},[31,124467,260],{"class":259},[31,124469,99],{"class":41},[31,124471,3571],{"class":95},[31,124473,99],{"class":41},[31,124475,5187],{"class":95},[31,124477,1569],{"class":41},[14,124479,358],{},[21,124481,124483],{"className":23,"code":124482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"2\n1\n",[28,124484,124485,124489],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124486,124487],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124488,17654],{"class":95},[31,124490,124491],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124492,47525],{"class":95},[613,124494,124496],{"id":124495},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,124498,124499,124500,48],{},"In ",[28,124501,65882],{},[228,124503,124504,124512,124520],{},[231,124505,71571,124506,124508,124509],{},[28,124507,193],{}," starts at the first ",[28,124510,124511],{},"\"n\"",[231,124513,124514,124517,124518,76633],{},[28,124515,124516],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[28,124519,193],{},[231,124521,124522,124517,124525,124527,124528],{},[28,124523,124524],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[28,124526,193],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[28,124529,559],{},[14,124531,124532],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[21,124534,124536],{"className":23,"code":124535,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[28,124537,124538,124550],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124539,124540,124542,124544,124546,124548],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124541,35292],{"class":37},[31,124543,89],{"class":88},[31,124545,271],{"class":259},[31,124547,4669],{"class":263},[31,124549,3934],{"class":259},[31,124551,124552,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562,124564,124566],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124553,134],{"class":133},[31,124555,137],{"class":41},[31,124557,35313],{"class":140},[31,124559,42],{"class":41},[31,124561,193],{"class":95},[31,124563,48],{"class":41},[31,124565,559],{"class":95},[31,124567,566],{"class":41},[14,124569,358],{},[21,124571,124572],{"className":23,"code":42074,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124573,124574],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124575,124576],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124577,42074],{"class":37},[14,124579,124580],{},"Only that section is searched.",[72,124582,124584],{"id":124583},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124586,124587,124395],{},[28,124588,57899],{},[14,124590,2683],{},[228,124592,124593,124601],{},[231,124594,124595,4975,124597,124600],{},[28,124596,18695],{},[28,124598,124599],{},"\"A\""," are different",[231,124602,124603,4975,124605,124600],{},[28,124604,65143],{},[28,124606,91002],{},[14,124608,242],{},[21,124610,124612],{"className":23,"code":124611,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[28,124613,124614,124627],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124615,124616,124618,124620,124622,124625],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124617,35292],{"class":37},[31,124619,89],{"class":88},[31,124621,271],{"class":259},[31,124623,124624],{"class":263},"Apple apple APPLE",[31,124626,3934],{"class":259},[31,124628,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643,124645,124647],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124630,134],{"class":133},[31,124632,137],{"class":41},[31,124634,35313],{"class":140},[31,124636,70],{"class":41},[31,124638,41865],{"class":140},[31,124640,137],{"class":41},[31,124642,260],{"class":259},[31,124644,4660],{"class":263},[31,124646,260],{"class":259},[31,124648,1569],{"class":41},[14,124650,358],{},[21,124652,124653],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124654,124655],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124656,124657],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124658,47525],{"class":95},[14,124660,124661,124662,48],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[264,124663,124665],{"href":124664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[28,124666,124667],{},"lower()",[21,124669,124671],{"className":23,"code":124670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[28,124672,124673,124685],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124674,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124676,35292],{"class":37},[31,124678,89],{"class":88},[31,124680,271],{"class":259},[31,124682,124624],{"class":263},[31,124684,3934],{"class":259},[31,124686,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124688,134],{"class":133},[31,124690,137],{"class":41},[31,124692,35313],{"class":140},[31,124694,70],{"class":41},[31,124696,9231],{"class":140},[31,124698,9228],{"class":41},[31,124700,41865],{"class":140},[31,124702,137],{"class":41},[31,124704,260],{"class":259},[31,124706,4660],{"class":263},[31,124708,260],{"class":259},[31,124710,1569],{"class":41},[14,124712,358],{},[21,124714,124715],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124716,124717],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124718,124719],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124720,47225],{"class":95},[72,124722,3407],{"id":3406},[14,124724,23694,124725,70],{},[28,124726,57899],{},[613,124728,9043,124730,124732],{"id":124729},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[28,124731,57899],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124734,124735],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[21,124737,124739],{"className":23,"code":124738,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[28,124740,124741,124754],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124742,124743,124745,124747,124749,124752],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124744,35292],{"class":37},[31,124746,89],{"class":88},[31,124748,271],{"class":259},[31,124750,124751],{"class":263},"Aardvark",[31,124753,3934],{"class":259},[31,124755,124756,124758,124760,124762,124764,124766,124768,124770,124772,124774],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124757,134],{"class":133},[31,124759,137],{"class":41},[31,124761,35313],{"class":140},[31,124763,70],{"class":41},[31,124765,41865],{"class":140},[31,124767,137],{"class":41},[31,124769,260],{"class":259},[31,124771,264],{"class":263},[31,124773,260],{"class":259},[31,124775,1569],{"class":41},[14,124777,358],{},[21,124779,124780],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,124781,124782],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124783,124784],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124785,17654],{"class":95},[14,124787,124388,124788,124790],{},[28,124789,124599],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124792,124793],{},"If needed, convert first:",[21,124795,124797],{"className":23,"code":124796,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[28,124798,124799,124811],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124800,124801,124803,124805,124807,124809],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124802,35292],{"class":37},[31,124804,89],{"class":88},[31,124806,271],{"class":259},[31,124808,124751],{"class":263},[31,124810,3934],{"class":259},[31,124812,124813,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827,124829,124831,124833,124835],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124814,134],{"class":133},[31,124816,137],{"class":41},[31,124818,35313],{"class":140},[31,124820,70],{"class":41},[31,124822,9231],{"class":140},[31,124824,9228],{"class":41},[31,124826,41865],{"class":140},[31,124828,137],{"class":41},[31,124830,260],{"class":259},[31,124832,264],{"class":263},[31,124834,260],{"class":259},[31,124836,1569],{"class":41},[613,124838,124840],{"id":124839},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124842,124843],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[21,124845,124847],{"className":23,"code":124846,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[28,124848,124849,124861],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124850,124851,124853,124855,124857,124859],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124852,35292],{"class":37},[31,124854,89],{"class":88},[31,124856,271],{"class":259},[31,124858,4669],{"class":263},[31,124860,3934],{"class":259},[31,124862,124863,124865,124867,124869,124871,124873,124875,124877],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124864,134],{"class":133},[31,124866,137],{"class":41},[31,124868,35313],{"class":140},[31,124870,70],{"class":41},[31,124872,41865],{"class":140},[31,124874,137],{"class":41},[31,124876,264],{"class":140},[31,124878,1569],{"class":41},[14,124880,124881,124882,70],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[28,124883,264],{},[14,124885,11400],{},[21,124887,124889],{"className":23,"code":124888,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[28,124890,124891,124903],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124892,124893,124895,124897,124899,124901],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124894,35292],{"class":37},[31,124896,89],{"class":88},[31,124898,271],{"class":259},[31,124900,4669],{"class":263},[31,124902,3934],{"class":259},[31,124904,124905,124907,124909,124911,124913,124915,124917,124919,124921,124923],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124906,134],{"class":133},[31,124908,137],{"class":41},[31,124910,35313],{"class":140},[31,124912,70],{"class":41},[31,124914,41865],{"class":140},[31,124916,137],{"class":41},[31,124918,260],{"class":259},[31,124920,264],{"class":263},[31,124922,260],{"class":259},[31,124924,1569],{"class":41},[613,124926,37808,124928,9295,124930,3456,124933],{"id":124927},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[28,124929,57899],{},[28,124931,124932],{},"find()",[28,124934,59577],{},[14,124936,2668,124937,124939,124940,70],{},[28,124938,57899],{}," when you need the ",[67,124941,124942],{},"number of matches",[14,124944,2668,124945,124939,124950,124952],{},[264,124946,124948],{"href":124947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[28,124949,124932],{},[67,124951,65555],{}," of the first match.",[14,124954,2668,124955,124960],{},[264,124956,124958],{"href":124957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[28,124959,59577],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[613,124962,124964],{"id":124963},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124966,124967,124969],{},[28,124968,57899],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124971,242],{},[21,124973,124975],{"className":23,"code":124974,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[28,124976,124977,124990],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985,124988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,124980,35292],{"class":37},[31,124982,89],{"class":88},[31,124984,271],{"class":259},[31,124986,124987],{"class":263},"aaaa",[31,124989,3934],{"class":259},[31,124991,124992,124994,124996,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006,125009,125011],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,124993,134],{"class":133},[31,124995,137],{"class":41},[31,124997,35313],{"class":140},[31,124999,70],{"class":41},[31,125001,41865],{"class":140},[31,125003,137],{"class":41},[31,125005,260],{"class":259},[31,125007,125008],{"class":263},"aa",[31,125010,260],{"class":259},[31,125012,1569],{"class":41},[14,125014,358],{},[21,125016,125017],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,125018,125019],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125020,125021],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125022,17654],{"class":95},[14,125024,125025,125026,70],{},"It does not return ",[28,125027,173],{},[14,125029,125030],{},"Why not?",[14,125032,125033],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[228,125035,125036,125045],{},[231,125037,125038,125041,125042],{},[28,125039,125040],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[28,125043,125044],{},"0-1",[231,125046,125047,125041,125049],{},[28,125048,125040],{},[28,125050,125051],{},"2-3",[14,125053,125054,125055,70],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[28,125056,125057],{},"1-2",[72,125059,5544,125060],{"id":58982},[28,125061,57899],{},[14,125063,2668,125064,125066],{},[28,125065,57899],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,125068,125069],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[228,125071,125072,125081,125091,125101],{},[231,125073,2668,125074,125076,125077,125080],{},[28,125075,57899],{}," when you need ",[67,125078,125079],{},"how many times"," something appears",[231,125082,2668,125083,125076,125087,125090],{},[264,125084,125085],{"href":124947},[28,125086,124932],{},[67,125088,125089],{},"where"," it appears",[231,125092,48419,125093,125097,125098],{},[264,125094,125095,102185],{"href":124192},[28,125096,4464],{}," when you only need to know ",[67,125099,125100],{},"if it exists",[231,125102,2668,125103,125109],{},[264,125104,125106],{"href":125105},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[28,125107,125108],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[72,125111,26543],{"id":26542},[14,125113,9466,125114,125116],{},[28,125115,57899],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[21,125118,125120],{"className":23,"code":125119,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[28,125121,125122,125132,125146,125168,125194],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125125,134],{"class":133},[31,125127,137],{"class":41},[31,125129,35313],{"class":140},[31,125131,120],{"class":41},[31,125133,125134,125136,125138,125140,125142,125144],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125135,134],{"class":133},[31,125137,137],{"class":41},[31,125139,1562],{"class":1561},[31,125141,137],{"class":41},[31,125143,35313],{"class":140},[31,125145,1569],{"class":41},[31,125147,125148,125150,125152,125154,125156,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125149,134],{"class":133},[31,125151,137],{"class":41},[31,125153,35313],{"class":140},[31,125155,70],{"class":41},[31,125157,41865],{"class":140},[31,125159,137],{"class":41},[31,125161,260],{"class":259},[31,125163,264],{"class":263},[31,125165,260],{"class":259},[31,125167,1569],{"class":41},[31,125169,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190,125192],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,125171,134],{"class":133},[31,125173,137],{"class":41},[31,125175,35313],{"class":140},[31,125177,70],{"class":41},[31,125179,9231],{"class":140},[31,125181,9228],{"class":41},[31,125183,41865],{"class":140},[31,125185,137],{"class":41},[31,125187,260],{"class":259},[31,125189,264],{"class":263},[31,125191,260],{"class":259},[31,125193,1569],{"class":41},[31,125195,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,125197,134],{"class":133},[31,125199,137],{"class":41},[31,125201,35313],{"class":140},[31,125203,70],{"class":41},[31,125205,41865],{"class":140},[31,125207,137],{"class":41},[31,125209,260],{"class":259},[31,125211,124030],{"class":263},[31,125213,260],{"class":259},[31,125215,1569],{"class":41},[14,125217,125218],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[228,125220,125221,125224,125229,125232],{},[231,125222,125223],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[231,125225,125226,125228],{},[28,125227,35313],{}," not being a string",[231,125230,125231],{},"counting the wrong substring",[231,125233,125234],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,125236,59471],{},[228,125238,125239,125242,125245,125248],{},[231,125240,125241],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[231,125243,125244],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[231,125246,125247],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[231,125249,51100,125250,45237,125252,3456,125254,73916],{},[28,125251,57899],{},[28,125253,124932],{},[28,125255,4464],{},[72,125257,2435],{"id":2434},[613,125259,125261,125262,125264],{"id":125260},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[28,125263,57899],{}," change the original string?",[14,125266,125267],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[613,125269,15501,125271,125273],{"id":125270},"is-count-case-sensitive",[28,125272,57899],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,125275,125276],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[613,125278,2453,125280,125282],{"id":125279},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[28,125281,57899],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,125284,5730,125285,70],{},[28,125286,1243],{},[613,125288,5752,125290,125292],{"id":125289},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[28,125291,57899],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,125294,125295],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[613,125297,13299,125299,125301],{"id":125298},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[28,125300,57899],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,125303,125304],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[72,125306,2475],{"id":2474},[228,125308,125309,125316,125323,125330,125337],{},[231,125310,125311],{},[264,125312,125313],{"href":124947},[28,125314,125315],{},"Python string find() method",[231,125317,125318],{},[264,125319,125320],{"href":124957},[28,125321,125322],{},"Python string index() method",[231,125324,125325],{},[264,125326,125327],{"href":124664},[28,125328,125329],{},"Python string lower() method",[231,125331,125332],{},[264,125333,125334],{"href":124192},[28,125335,125336],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[231,125338,125339],{},[264,125340,125341],{"href":125105},[28,125342,125343],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2499,125345,125346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":125348},[125349,125350,125352,125355,125356,125357,125358,125361,125362,125370,125371,125372,125384],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":124058,"depth":123,"text":125351},"What the count() method does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":125353},[125354],{"id":17992,"depth":130,"text":17993},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":124274,"depth":123,"text":124275},{"id":66014,"depth":123,"text":66797,"children":125359},[125360],{"id":124495,"depth":130,"text":124496},{"id":124583,"depth":123,"text":124584},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":125363},[125364,125366,125367,125369],{"id":124729,"depth":130,"text":125365},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124839,"depth":130,"text":124840},{"id":124927,"depth":130,"text":125368},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124963,"depth":130,"text":124964},{"id":58982,"depth":123,"text":59613},{"id":26542,"depth":123,"text":26543},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":125373},[125374,125376,125378,125380,125382],{"id":125260,"depth":130,"text":125375},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125270,"depth":130,"text":125377},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125279,"depth":130,"text":125379},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125289,"depth":130,"text":125381},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125298,"depth":130,"text":125383},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123931,"description":125385},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125392,"title":125393,"body":125394,"description":126979,"extension":2542,"meta":126980,"navigation":126,"path":126981,"seo":126982,"stem":126983,"__hash__":126984},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125395,"toc":126952},[125396,125399,125402,125499,125508,125510,125529,125533,125536,125539,125552,125555,125584,125589,125594,125652,125654,125687,125693,125697,125700,125703,125732,125735,125762,125765,125768,125772,125775,125782,125845,125847,125865,125868,125872,125875,125878,125920,125923,125967,125970,125973,125977,125982,125985,126028,126030,126053,126056,126089,126092,126141,126151,126155,126158,126161,126190,126193,126204,126206,126265,126268,126272,126275,126278,126293,126302,126305,126339,126342,126369,126372,126379,126381,126384,126386,126389,126403,126412,126414,126441,126445,126448,126462,126465,126524,126528,126531,126558,126561,126588,126596,126599,126659,126661,126694,126698,126701,126720,126725,126774,126779,126781,126784,126843,126861,126863,126867,126875,126879,126882,126886,126892,126896,126906,126910,126913,126915,126949],[10,125397,125393],{"id":125398},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,125400,125401],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[21,125403,125405],{"className":23,"code":125404,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[28,125406,125407,125419,125431,125440,125454,125458,125468,125478,125489],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125408,125409,125411,125413,125415,125417],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125410,8464],{"class":37},[31,125412,89],{"class":88},[31,125414,271],{"class":259},[31,125416,5587],{"class":263},[31,125418,3934],{"class":259},[31,125420,125421,125423,125425,125427,125429],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125422,90591],{"class":37},[31,125424,89],{"class":88},[31,125426,379],{"class":259},[31,125428,35472],{"class":263},[31,125430,30302],{"class":259},[31,125432,125433,125436,125438],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125434,125435],{"class":37},"empty ",[31,125437,89],{"class":88},[31,125439,8469],{"class":259},[31,125441,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450,125452],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,125443,35292],{"class":37},[31,125445,89],{"class":88},[31,125447,49513],{"class":1561},[31,125449,137],{"class":41},[31,125451,50854],{"class":95},[31,125453,120],{"class":41},[31,125455,125456],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,125457,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,125459,125460,125462,125464,125466],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,125461,134],{"class":133},[31,125463,137],{"class":41},[31,125465,8256],{"class":140},[31,125467,120],{"class":41},[31,125469,125470,125472,125474,125476],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,125471,134],{"class":133},[31,125473,137],{"class":41},[31,125475,90608],{"class":140},[31,125477,120],{"class":41},[31,125479,125480,125482,125484,125487],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,125481,134],{"class":133},[31,125483,137],{"class":41},[31,125485,125486],{"class":140},"empty",[31,125488,120],{"class":41},[31,125490,125491,125493,125495,125497],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,125492,134],{"class":133},[31,125494,137],{"class":41},[31,125496,35313],{"class":140},[31,125498,120],{"class":41},[14,125500,125501,125504,125505,125507],{},[67,125502,125503],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[28,125506,48292],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[72,125509,15761],{"id":15760},[228,125511,125512,125515,125518,125521,125526],{},[231,125513,125514],{},"What a string is in Python",[231,125516,125517],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[231,125519,125520],{},"How to create an empty string",[231,125522,125523,125524],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[28,125525,48292],{},[231,125527,125528],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[72,125530,125532],{"id":125531},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125534,125535],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125537,125538],{},"Strings can contain:",[228,125540,125541,125544,125546,125549],{},[231,125542,125543],{},"Letters",[231,125545,57071],{},[231,125547,125548],{},"Spaces",[231,125550,125551],{},"Symbols",[14,125553,125554],{},"Examples of strings:",[21,125556,125558],{"className":23,"code":125557,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[28,125559,125560,125568,125576],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125561,125562,125564,125566],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125563,260],{"class":43935},[31,125565,4425],{"class":43939},[31,125567,3934],{"class":43935},[31,125569,125570,125572,125574],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125571,260],{"class":43935},[31,125573,50854],{"class":43939},[31,125575,3934],{"class":43935},[31,125577,125578,125580,125582],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125579,260],{"class":43935},[31,125581,89733],{"class":43939},[31,125583,3934],{"class":43935},[14,125585,21576,125586,125588],{},[28,125587,50904],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125590,125591,125592,48],{},"You can check the type with ",[28,125593,2878],{},[21,125595,125597],{"className":23,"code":125596,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[28,125598,125599,125611,125620,125624,125638],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125600,125601,125603,125605,125607,125609],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125602,35292],{"class":37},[31,125604,89],{"class":88},[31,125606,271],{"class":259},[31,125608,50854],{"class":263},[31,125610,3934],{"class":259},[31,125612,125613,125615,125617],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125614,2794],{"class":37},[31,125616,89],{"class":88},[31,125618,125619],{"class":95}," 123\n",[31,125621,125622],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125623,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,125625,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,125627,134],{"class":133},[31,125629,137],{"class":41},[31,125631,1562],{"class":1561},[31,125633,137],{"class":41},[31,125635,35313],{"class":140},[31,125637,1569],{"class":41},[31,125639,125640,125642,125644,125646,125648,125650],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,125641,134],{"class":133},[31,125643,137],{"class":41},[31,125645,1562],{"class":1561},[31,125647,137],{"class":41},[31,125649,2816],{"class":140},[31,125651,1569],{"class":41},[14,125653,358],{},[21,125655,125657],{"className":23,"code":125656,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,125658,125659,125673],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125660,125661,125663,125665,125667,125669,125671],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125662,1593],{"class":88},[31,125664,1597],{"class":1596},[31,125666,379],{"class":259},[31,125668,4019],{"class":263},[31,125670,370],{"class":259},[31,125672,1606],{"class":88},[31,125674,125675,125677,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125676,1593],{"class":88},[31,125678,1597],{"class":1596},[31,125680,379],{"class":259},[31,125682,2765],{"class":263},[31,125684,370],{"class":259},[31,125686,1606],{"class":88},[14,125688,125689,125690,70],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[264,125691,125692],{"href":51583},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[72,125694,125696],{"id":125695},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125698,125699],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125701,125702],{},"You can use single quotes:",[21,125704,125706],{"className":23,"code":125705,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[28,125707,125708,125721],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125709,125710,125713,125715,125717,125719],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125711,125712],{"class":37},"greeting ",[31,125714,89],{"class":88},[31,125716,379],{"class":259},[31,125718,4425],{"class":263},[31,125720,30302],{"class":259},[31,125722,125723,125725,125727,125730],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125724,134],{"class":133},[31,125726,137],{"class":41},[31,125728,125729],{"class":140},"greeting",[31,125731,120],{"class":41},[14,125733,125734],{},"Or double quotes:",[21,125736,125738],{"className":23,"code":125737,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[28,125739,125740,125752],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125741,125742,125744,125746,125748,125750],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125743,125712],{"class":37},[31,125745,89],{"class":88},[31,125747,271],{"class":259},[31,125749,4425],{"class":263},[31,125751,3934],{"class":259},[31,125753,125754,125756,125758,125760],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125755,134],{"class":133},[31,125757,137],{"class":41},[31,125759,125729],{"class":140},[31,125761,120],{"class":41},[14,125763,125764],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125766,125767],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[72,125769,125771],{"id":125770},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125773,125774],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125776,125777,125778,3456,125780,48],{},"Use either ",[28,125779,6856],{},[28,125781,4352],{},[21,125783,125785],{"className":23,"code":125784,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[28,125786,125787,125796,125805,125809,125820,125831],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125788,125789,125792,125794],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125790,125791],{"class":37},"empty1 ",[31,125793,89],{"class":88},[31,125795,8469],{"class":259},[31,125797,125798,125801,125803],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125799,125800],{"class":37},"empty2 ",[31,125802,89],{"class":88},[31,125804,48104],{"class":259},[31,125806,125807],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125808,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,125810,125811,125813,125815,125818],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,125812,134],{"class":133},[31,125814,137],{"class":41},[31,125816,125817],{"class":140},"empty1",[31,125819,120],{"class":41},[31,125821,125822,125824,125826,125829],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,125823,134],{"class":133},[31,125825,137],{"class":41},[31,125827,125828],{"class":140},"empty2",[31,125830,120],{"class":41},[31,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839,125841,125843],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,125834,134],{"class":133},[31,125836,137],{"class":41},[31,125838,1562],{"class":1561},[31,125840,137],{"class":41},[31,125842,125817],{"class":140},[31,125844,1569],{"class":41},[14,125846,358],{},[21,125848,125849],{"className":23,"code":46378,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,125850,125851],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125852,125853,125855,125857,125859,125861,125863],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125854,1593],{"class":88},[31,125856,1597],{"class":1596},[31,125858,379],{"class":259},[31,125860,4019],{"class":263},[31,125862,370],{"class":259},[31,125864,1606],{"class":88},[14,125866,125867],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[72,125869,125871],{"id":125870},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125873,125874],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125876,125877],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[21,125879,125881],{"className":23,"code":125880,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[28,125882,125883,125894,125899,125906,125910],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125884,125885,125887,125889,125892],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125886,90591],{"class":37},[31,125888,89],{"class":88},[31,125890,125891],{"class":259}," \"\"\"",[31,125893,89533],{"class":263},[31,125895,125896],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125897,125898],{"class":263},"Welcome to Python\n",[31,125900,125901,125904],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125902,125903],{"class":263},"Have a nice day",[31,125905,43943],{"class":259},[31,125907,125908],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,125909,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,125911,125912,125914,125916,125918],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,125913,134],{"class":133},[31,125915,137],{"class":41},[31,125917,90608],{"class":140},[31,125919,120],{"class":41},[14,125921,125922],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[21,125924,125926],{"className":23,"code":125925,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[28,125927,125928,125940,125945,125953,125957],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125929,125930,125932,125934,125937],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125931,90591],{"class":37},[31,125933,89],{"class":88},[31,125935,125936],{"class":259}," '''",[31,125938,125939],{"class":263},"Line 1\n",[31,125941,125942],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,125943,125944],{"class":263},"Line 2\n",[31,125946,125947,125950],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,125948,125949],{"class":263},"Line 3",[31,125951,125952],{"class":259},"'''\n",[31,125954,125955],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,125956,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,125958,125959,125961,125963,125965],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,125960,134],{"class":133},[31,125962,137],{"class":41},[31,125964,90608],{"class":140},[31,125966,120],{"class":41},[14,125968,125969],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125971,125972],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[72,125974,125976],{"id":125975},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125978,62,125979,125981],{},[28,125980,48292],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125983,125984],{},"Example with a number:",[21,125986,125988],{"className":23,"code":125987,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,125989,125990,126004,126014],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,125991,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000,126002],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,125993,35292],{"class":37},[31,125995,89],{"class":88},[31,125997,49513],{"class":1561},[31,125999,137],{"class":41},[31,126001,47134],{"class":95},[31,126003,120],{"class":41},[31,126005,126006,126008,126010,126012],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126007,134],{"class":133},[31,126009,137],{"class":41},[31,126011,35313],{"class":140},[31,126013,120],{"class":41},[31,126015,126016,126018,126020,126022,126024,126026],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126017,134],{"class":133},[31,126019,137],{"class":41},[31,126021,1562],{"class":1561},[31,126023,137],{"class":41},[31,126025,35313],{"class":140},[31,126027,1569],{"class":41},[14,126029,358],{},[21,126031,126033],{"className":23,"code":126032,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,126034,126035,126039],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126036,126037],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126038,47220],{"class":95},[31,126040,126041,126043,126045,126047,126049,126051],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126042,1593],{"class":88},[31,126044,1597],{"class":1596},[31,126046,379],{"class":259},[31,126048,4019],{"class":263},[31,126050,370],{"class":259},[31,126052,1606],{"class":88},[14,126054,126055],{},"You can also convert other values:",[21,126057,126059],{"className":23,"code":126058,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[28,126060,126061,126075],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126062,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071,126073],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126064,134],{"class":133},[31,126066,137],{"class":41},[31,126068,4019],{"class":1561},[31,126070,137],{"class":41},[31,126072,4181],{"class":4432},[31,126074,1569],{"class":41},[31,126076,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085,126087],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126078,134],{"class":133},[31,126080,137],{"class":41},[31,126082,4019],{"class":1561},[31,126084,137],{"class":41},[31,126086,40748],{"class":95},[31,126088,1569],{"class":41},[14,126090,126091],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[21,126093,126095],{"className":23,"code":126094,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[28,126096,126097,126105,126127,126131],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126098,126099,126101,126103],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126100,22227],{"class":37},[31,126102,89],{"class":88},[31,126104,45833],{"class":95},[31,126106,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115,126117,126119,126121,126123,126125],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126108,90591],{"class":37},[31,126110,89],{"class":88},[31,126112,271],{"class":259},[31,126114,90009],{"class":263},[31,126116,260],{"class":259},[31,126118,3030],{"class":88},[31,126120,49513],{"class":1561},[31,126122,137],{"class":41},[31,126124,9890],{"class":140},[31,126126,120],{"class":41},[31,126128,126129],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126130,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,126132,126133,126135,126137,126139],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,126134,134],{"class":133},[31,126136,137],{"class":41},[31,126138,90608],{"class":140},[31,126140,120],{"class":41},[14,126142,126143,126144,3456,126148,70],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[264,126145,4152,126146,4085],{"href":42781},[28,126147,48292],{},[264,126149,126150],{"href":123862},"how to convert int to string in Python",[72,126152,126154],{"id":126153},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,126156,126157],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,126159,126160],{},"Both of these are valid:",[21,126162,126164],{"className":23,"code":126163,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[28,126165,126166,126178],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126167,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126169,3130],{"class":37},[31,126171,89],{"class":88},[31,126173,379],{"class":259},[31,126175,7884],{"class":263},[31,126177,30302],{"class":259},[31,126179,126180,126182,126184,126186,126188],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126181,3158],{"class":37},[31,126183,89],{"class":88},[31,126185,271],{"class":259},[31,126187,7884],{"class":263},[31,126189,3934],{"class":259},[14,126191,126192],{},"A common rule is:",[228,126194,126195,126198,126201],{},[231,126196,126197],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[231,126199,126200],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[231,126202,126203],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,126205,242],{},[21,126207,126209],{"className":23,"code":126208,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[28,126210,126211,126225,126239,126243,126254],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126212,126213,126216,126218,126220,126223],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126214,126215],{"class":37},"text1 ",[31,126217,89],{"class":88},[31,126219,271],{"class":259},[31,126221,126222],{"class":263},"It's working",[31,126224,3934],{"class":259},[31,126226,126227,126230,126232,126234,126237],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126228,126229],{"class":37},"text2 ",[31,126231,89],{"class":88},[31,126233,379],{"class":259},[31,126235,126236],{"class":263},"She said \"hello\"",[31,126238,30302],{"class":259},[31,126240,126241],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126242,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,126244,126245,126247,126249,126252],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,126246,134],{"class":133},[31,126248,137],{"class":41},[31,126250,126251],{"class":140},"text1",[31,126253,120],{"class":41},[31,126255,126256,126258,126260,126263],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,126257,134],{"class":133},[31,126259,137],{"class":41},[31,126261,126262],{"class":140},"text2",[31,126264,120],{"class":41},[14,126266,126267],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[72,126269,126271],{"id":126270},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,126273,126274],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,126276,126277],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[21,126279,126281],{"className":23,"code":126280,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[28,126282,126283,126288],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126284,126285],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126286,126287],{"class":157},"# This will cause an error\n",[31,126289,126290],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126291,126292],{"class":157},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,126294,126295,126296,35935,126298,126301],{},"Python sees the second ",[28,126297,370],{},[28,126299,126300],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,126303,126304],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[21,126306,126308],{"className":23,"code":126307,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[28,126309,126310,126329],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126311,126312,126314,126316,126318,126321,126324,126327],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126313,35292],{"class":37},[31,126315,89],{"class":88},[31,126317,379],{"class":259},[31,126319,126320],{"class":263},"It",[31,126322,126323],{"class":35057},"\\'",[31,126325,126326],{"class":263},"s working",[31,126328,30302],{"class":259},[31,126330,126331,126333,126335,126337],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126332,134],{"class":133},[31,126334,137],{"class":41},[31,126336,35313],{"class":140},[31,126338,120],{"class":41},[14,126340,126341],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[21,126343,126345],{"className":23,"code":126344,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[28,126346,126347,126359],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126348,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126350,35292],{"class":37},[31,126352,89],{"class":88},[31,126354,271],{"class":259},[31,126356,126222],{"class":263},[31,126358,3934],{"class":259},[31,126360,126361,126363,126365,126367],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126362,134],{"class":133},[31,126364,137],{"class":41},[31,126366,35313],{"class":140},[31,126368,120],{"class":41},[14,126370,126371],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,126373,126374,126375,70],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[264,126376,126378],{"href":126377},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[72,126380,3407],{"id":3406},[14,126382,126383],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[613,126385,90798],{"id":90797},[14,126387,126388],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[21,126390,126392],{"className":23,"code":126391,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[28,126393,126394,126398],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126395,126396],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126397,126287],{"class":157},[31,126399,126400],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126401,126402],{"class":157},"# name = Alice\n",[14,126404,126405,126406,9192,126409,126411],{},"Python may raise a ",[28,126407,126408],{},"NameError",[28,126410,5587],{}," is not defined.",[14,126413,11400],{},[21,126415,126417],{"className":23,"code":126416,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[28,126418,126419,126431],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126420,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126422,8464],{"class":37},[31,126424,89],{"class":88},[31,126426,271],{"class":259},[31,126428,5587],{"class":263},[31,126430,3934],{"class":259},[31,126432,126433,126435,126437,126439],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126434,134],{"class":133},[31,126436,137],{"class":41},[31,126438,8256],{"class":140},[31,126440,120],{"class":41},[613,126442,126444],{"id":126443},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,126446,126447],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[21,126449,126451],{"className":23,"code":126450,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[28,126452,126453,126457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126454,126455],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126456,126287],{"class":157},[31,126458,126459],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126460,126461],{"class":157},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,126463,126464],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[21,126466,126468],{"className":23,"code":126467,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[28,126469,126470,126487,126500,126504,126514],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126471,126472,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482,126485],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126473,126215],{"class":37},[31,126475,89],{"class":88},[31,126477,379],{"class":259},[31,126479,126320],{"class":263},[31,126481,126323],{"class":35057},[31,126483,126484],{"class":263},"s good",[31,126486,30302],{"class":259},[31,126488,126489,126491,126493,126495,126498],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126490,126229],{"class":37},[31,126492,89],{"class":88},[31,126494,271],{"class":259},[31,126496,126497],{"class":263},"It's good",[31,126499,3934],{"class":259},[31,126501,126502],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126503,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,126505,126506,126508,126510,126512],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,126507,134],{"class":133},[31,126509,137],{"class":41},[31,126511,126251],{"class":140},[31,126513,120],{"class":41},[31,126515,126516,126518,126520,126522],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,126517,134],{"class":133},[31,126519,137],{"class":41},[31,126521,126262],{"class":140},[31,126523,120],{"class":41},[613,126525,126527],{"id":126526},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126529,126530],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[21,126532,126534],{"className":23,"code":126533,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[28,126535,126536,126548],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126537,126538,126540,126542,126544,126546],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126539,35292],{"class":37},[31,126541,89],{"class":88},[31,126543,125891],{"class":259},[31,126545,4425],{"class":263},[31,126547,43943],{"class":259},[31,126549,126550,126552,126554,126556],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126551,134],{"class":133},[31,126553,137],{"class":41},[31,126555,35313],{"class":140},[31,126557,120],{"class":41},[14,126559,126560],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[21,126562,126564],{"className":23,"code":126563,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[28,126565,126566,126578],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126567,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126569,35292],{"class":37},[31,126571,89],{"class":88},[31,126573,271],{"class":259},[31,126575,4425],{"class":263},[31,126577,3934],{"class":259},[31,126579,126580,126582,126584,126586],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126581,134],{"class":133},[31,126583,137],{"class":41},[31,126585,35313],{"class":140},[31,126587,120],{"class":41},[613,126589,5161,126591,4975,126593,126595],{"id":126590},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[28,126592,50854],{},[28,126594,50904],{}," are the same type",[14,126597,126598],{},"They are different:",[21,126600,126602],{"className":23,"code":126601,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[28,126603,126604,126613,126626,126630,126644],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126605,126606,126609,126611],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126607,126608],{"class":37},"value1 ",[31,126610,89],{"class":88},[31,126612,125619],{"class":95},[31,126614,126615,126618,126620,126622,126624],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126616,126617],{"class":37},"value2 ",[31,126619,89],{"class":88},[31,126621,271],{"class":259},[31,126623,50854],{"class":263},[31,126625,3934],{"class":259},[31,126627,126628],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126629,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,126631,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,126633,134],{"class":133},[31,126635,137],{"class":41},[31,126637,1562],{"class":1561},[31,126639,137],{"class":41},[31,126641,85354],{"class":140},[31,126643,1569],{"class":41},[31,126645,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126657],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,126647,134],{"class":133},[31,126649,137],{"class":41},[31,126651,1562],{"class":1561},[31,126653,137],{"class":41},[31,126655,126656],{"class":140},"value2",[31,126658,1569],{"class":41},[14,126660,358],{},[21,126662,126664],{"className":23,"code":126663,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,126665,126666,126680],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126667,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126669,1593],{"class":88},[31,126671,1597],{"class":1596},[31,126673,379],{"class":259},[31,126675,2765],{"class":263},[31,126677,370],{"class":259},[31,126679,1606],{"class":88},[31,126681,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126683,1593],{"class":88},[31,126685,1597],{"class":1596},[31,126687,379],{"class":259},[31,126689,4019],{"class":263},[31,126691,370],{"class":259},[31,126693,1606],{"class":88},[613,126695,126697],{"id":126696},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126699,126700],{},"This causes a type error:",[21,126702,126704],{"className":23,"code":126703,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[28,126705,126706,126710,126715],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126707,126708],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126709,126287],{"class":157},[31,126711,126712],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126713,126714],{"class":157},"# age = 10\n",[31,126716,126717],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126718,126719],{"class":157},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126721,126722,126723,48],{},"Fix it with ",[28,126724,48292],{},[21,126726,126728],{"className":23,"code":126727,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[28,126729,126730,126738,126760,126764],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126731,126732,126734,126736],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126733,22227],{"class":37},[31,126735,89],{"class":88},[31,126737,3163],{"class":95},[31,126739,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126741,90591],{"class":37},[31,126743,89],{"class":88},[31,126745,271],{"class":259},[31,126747,90009],{"class":263},[31,126749,260],{"class":259},[31,126751,3030],{"class":88},[31,126753,49513],{"class":1561},[31,126755,137],{"class":41},[31,126757,9890],{"class":140},[31,126759,120],{"class":41},[31,126761,126762],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126763,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,126765,126766,126768,126770,126772],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,126767,134],{"class":133},[31,126769,137],{"class":41},[31,126771,90608],{"class":140},[31,126773,120],{"class":41},[14,126775,126776,126777,70],{},"For this specific error, see ",[264,126778,90990],{"href":90989},[613,126780,61318],{"id":61317},[14,126782,126783],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[21,126785,126787],{"className":23,"code":126786,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[28,126788,126789,126801,126805,126815,126829],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,126790,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,126792,35292],{"class":37},[31,126794,89],{"class":88},[31,126796,271],{"class":259},[31,126798,4425],{"class":263},[31,126800,3934],{"class":259},[31,126802,126803],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,126804,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,126806,126807,126809,126811,126813],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,126808,134],{"class":133},[31,126810,137],{"class":41},[31,126812,35313],{"class":140},[31,126814,120],{"class":41},[31,126816,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,126818,134],{"class":133},[31,126820,137],{"class":41},[31,126822,1562],{"class":1561},[31,126824,137],{"class":41},[31,126826,35313],{"class":140},[31,126828,1569],{"class":41},[31,126830,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,126832,134],{"class":133},[31,126834,137],{"class":41},[31,126836,42385],{"class":133},[31,126838,137],{"class":41},[31,126840,35313],{"class":140},[31,126842,1569],{"class":41},[228,126844,126845,126850,126855],{},[231,126846,126847,46886],{},[28,126848,126849],{},"print(text)",[231,126851,126852,46891],{},[28,126853,126854],{},"print(type(text))",[231,126856,126857,126860],{},[28,126858,126859],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[72,126862,2435],{"id":2434},[613,126864,126866],{"id":126865},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126868,126869,126870,3456,126873,70],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[28,126871,126872],{},"'hello'",[28,126874,65143],{},[613,126876,126878],{"id":126877},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126880,126881],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[613,126883,126885],{"id":126884},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126887,2668,126888,3456,126890,70],{},[28,126889,6856],{},[28,126891,4352],{},[613,126893,126895],{"id":126894},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126897,2668,126898,126900,126901,126903,126904,70],{},[28,126899,48292],{},", like ",[28,126902,80965],{},", which returns ",[28,126905,42732],{},[613,126907,126909],{"id":126908},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126911,126912],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[72,126914,2475],{"id":2474},[228,126916,126917,126921,126927,126932,126941,126945],{},[231,126918,126919],{},[264,126920,125692],{"href":51583},[231,126922,126923],{},[264,126924,4152,126925,4085],{"href":42781},[28,126926,48292],{},[231,126928,126929],{},[264,126930,126931],{"href":123862},"How to convert int to string in Python",[231,126933,126934],{},[264,126935,126937,126938,11333],{"href":126936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[28,126939,126940],{},"format()",[231,126942,126943],{},[264,126944,126378],{"href":126377},[231,126946,126947],{},[264,126948,90990],{"href":90989},[2499,126950,126951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":126953},[126954,126955,126956,126957,126958,126959,126960,126961,126962,126971,126978],{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":125531,"depth":123,"text":125532},{"id":125695,"depth":123,"text":125696},{"id":125770,"depth":123,"text":125771},{"id":125870,"depth":123,"text":125871},{"id":125975,"depth":123,"text":125976},{"id":126153,"depth":123,"text":126154},{"id":126270,"depth":123,"text":126271},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":126963},[126964,126965,126966,126967,126969,126970],{"id":90797,"depth":130,"text":90798},{"id":126443,"depth":130,"text":126444},{"id":126526,"depth":130,"text":126527},{"id":126590,"depth":130,"text":126968},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126696,"depth":130,"text":126697},{"id":61317,"depth":130,"text":61318},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":126972},[126973,126974,126975,126976,126977],{"id":126865,"depth":130,"text":126866},{"id":126877,"depth":130,"text":126878},{"id":126884,"depth":130,"text":126885},{"id":126894,"depth":130,"text":126895},{"id":126908,"depth":130,"text":126909},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125393,"description":126979},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126986,"title":126987,"body":126988,"description":128902,"extension":2542,"meta":128903,"navigation":126,"path":128904,"seo":128905,"stem":128906,"__hash__":128907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126989,"toc":128863},[126990,126996,127001,127009,127011,127078,127080,127092,127101,127106,127110,127127,127129,127194,127196,127208,127213,127215,127243,127264,127267,127306,127308,127316,127320,127324,127328,127336,127339,127380,127382,127390,127393,127450,127452,127460,127464,127469,127513,127515,127523,127532,127536,127541,127589,127591,127599,127605,127607,127611,127623,127628,127707,127709,127729,127733,127737,127777,127779,127787,127791,127834,127836,127844,127848,127888,127890,127898,127902,127958,127960,127968,127974,127976,127980,127990,128057,128059,128072,128079,128122,128124,128132,128136,128139,128195,128197,128205,128208,128210,128287,128289,128297,128306,128308,128312,128316,128318,128340,128343,128390,128394,128433,128435,128443,128445,128487,128494,128499,128561,128563,128575,128581,128586,128635,128637,128656,128662,128664,128683,128685,128776,128778,128784,128791,128797,128803,128808,128817,128824,128832,128834,128860],[10,126991,123937,126993,11914],{"id":126992},"python-string-endswith-method",[28,126994,126995],{},"endswith()",[14,126997,123942,126998,127000],{},[28,126999,126995],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,127002,127003,127004,3456,127006,127008],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[28,127005,4181],{},[28,127007,4251],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[72,127010,75],{"id":74},[21,127012,127014],{"className":23,"code":127013,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[28,127015,127016,127030,127055],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127017,127018,127021,127023,127025,127028],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127019,127020],{"class":37},"filename ",[31,127022,89],{"class":88},[31,127024,271],{"class":259},[31,127026,127027],{"class":263},"report.csv",[31,127029,3934],{"class":259},[31,127031,127032,127034,127036,127039,127041,127044,127046,127048,127051,127053],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127033,134],{"class":133},[31,127035,137],{"class":41},[31,127037,127038],{"class":140},"filename",[31,127040,70],{"class":41},[31,127042,127043],{"class":140},"endswith",[31,127045,137],{"class":41},[31,127047,260],{"class":259},[31,127049,127050],{"class":263},".csv",[31,127052,260],{"class":259},[31,127054,1569],{"class":41},[31,127056,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127074,127076],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,127058,134],{"class":133},[31,127060,137],{"class":41},[31,127062,127038],{"class":140},[31,127064,70],{"class":41},[31,127066,127043],{"class":140},[31,127068,137],{"class":41},[31,127070,260],{"class":259},[31,127072,127073],{"class":263},".txt",[31,127075,260],{"class":259},[31,127077,1569],{"class":41},[14,127079,358],{},[21,127081,127082],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127083,127084,127088],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127085,127086],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127087,4560],{"class":4432},[31,127089,127090],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127091,4621],{"class":4432},[14,127093,2668,127094,5953,127096,3456,127098,127100],{},[28,127095,126995],{},[28,127097,4181],{},[28,127099,4251],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[72,127102,4255,127104,4258],{"id":127103},"what-endswith-does",[28,127105,126995],{},[14,127107,127108,48],{},[28,127109,126995],{},[228,127111,127112,127115,127121,127124],{},[231,127113,127114],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[231,127116,12016,127117,3456,127119],{},[28,127118,4181],{},[28,127120,4251],{},[231,127122,127123],{},"Does not change the original string",[231,127125,127126],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,127128,242],{},[21,127130,127132],{"className":23,"code":127131,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[28,127133,127134,127146,127150,127172],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127135,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127137,35292],{"class":37},[31,127139,89],{"class":88},[31,127141,271],{"class":259},[31,127143,61016],{"class":263},[31,127145,3934],{"class":259},[31,127147,127148],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127149,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,127151,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,127153,134],{"class":133},[31,127155,137],{"class":41},[31,127157,35313],{"class":140},[31,127159,70],{"class":41},[31,127161,127043],{"class":140},[31,127163,137],{"class":41},[31,127165,260],{"class":259},[31,127167,61200],{"class":263},[31,127169,260],{"class":259},[31,127171,1569],{"class":41},[31,127173,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,127175,134],{"class":133},[31,127177,137],{"class":41},[31,127179,35313],{"class":140},[31,127181,70],{"class":41},[31,127183,127043],{"class":140},[31,127185,137],{"class":41},[31,127187,260],{"class":259},[31,127189,4425],{"class":263},[31,127191,260],{"class":259},[31,127193,1569],{"class":41},[14,127195,358],{},[21,127197,127198],{"className":23,"code":44781,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127199,127200,127204],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127201,127202],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127203,4560],{"class":4432},[31,127205,127206],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127207,4621],{"class":4432},[14,127209,127210,127211,70],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[264,127212,125692],{"href":51583},[72,127214,2733],{"id":2732},[21,127216,127218],{"className":23,"code":127217,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[28,127219,127220],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127221,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127223,61782],{"class":37},[31,127225,70],{"class":41},[31,127227,127043],{"class":140},[31,127229,137],{"class":41},[31,127231,127232],{"class":140},"suffix",[31,127234,99],{"class":41},[31,127236,36658],{"class":140},[31,127238,99],{"class":41},[31,127240,65649],{"class":140},[31,127242,120],{"class":41},[228,127244,127245,127250,127257],{},[231,127246,127247,127249],{},[28,127248,127232],{}," is required",[231,127251,127252,4975,127254,127256],{},[28,127253,45],{},[28,127255,53269],{}," are optional",[231,127258,127259,4975,127261,127263],{},[28,127260,45],{},[28,127262,53269],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,127265,127266],{},"Basic example:",[21,127268,127270],{"className":23,"code":127269,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[28,127271,127272,127284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127273,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127275,127020],{"class":37},[31,127277,89],{"class":88},[31,127279,271],{"class":259},[31,127281,87479],{"class":263},[31,127283,3934],{"class":259},[31,127285,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127287,134],{"class":133},[31,127289,137],{"class":41},[31,127291,127038],{"class":140},[31,127293,70],{"class":41},[31,127295,127043],{"class":140},[31,127297,137],{"class":41},[31,127299,260],{"class":259},[31,127301,127073],{"class":263},[31,127303,260],{"class":259},[31,127305,1569],{"class":41},[14,127307,358],{},[21,127309,127310],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127311,127312],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127313,127314],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127315,4560],{"class":4432},[72,127317,127319],{"id":127318},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[613,127321,127322],{"id":127232},[28,127323,127232],{},[14,127325,127326,31353],{},[28,127327,127232],{},[228,127329,127330,127333],{},[231,127331,127332],{},"A single string",[231,127334,127335],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,127337,127338],{},"Single suffix:",[21,127340,127342],{"className":23,"code":127341,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[28,127343,127344,127357],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127345,127346,127348,127350,127352,127355],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127347,8464],{"class":37},[31,127349,89],{"class":88},[31,127351,271],{"class":259},[31,127353,127354],{"class":263},"image.png",[31,127356,3934],{"class":259},[31,127358,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127376,127378],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127360,134],{"class":133},[31,127362,137],{"class":41},[31,127364,8256],{"class":140},[31,127366,70],{"class":41},[31,127368,127043],{"class":140},[31,127370,137],{"class":41},[31,127372,260],{"class":259},[31,127374,127375],{"class":263},".png",[31,127377,260],{"class":259},[31,127379,1569],{"class":41},[14,127381,358],{},[21,127383,127384],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127385,127386],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127387,127388],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127389,4560],{"class":4432},[14,127391,127392],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[21,127394,127396],{"className":23,"code":127395,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[28,127397,127398,127410],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127399,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127401,8464],{"class":37},[31,127403,89],{"class":88},[31,127405,271],{"class":259},[31,127407,127354],{"class":263},[31,127409,3934],{"class":259},[31,127411,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127446,127448],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127413,134],{"class":133},[31,127415,137],{"class":41},[31,127417,8256],{"class":140},[31,127419,70],{"class":41},[31,127421,127043],{"class":140},[31,127423,6095],{"class":41},[31,127425,260],{"class":259},[31,127427,127428],{"class":263},".jpg",[31,127430,260],{"class":259},[31,127432,99],{"class":41},[31,127434,271],{"class":259},[31,127436,127375],{"class":263},[31,127438,260],{"class":259},[31,127440,99],{"class":41},[31,127442,271],{"class":259},[31,127444,127445],{"class":263},".gif",[31,127447,260],{"class":259},[31,127449,3490],{"class":41},[14,127451,358],{},[21,127453,127454],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127455,127456],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127457,127458],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127459,4560],{"class":4432},[613,127461,127462],{"id":45},[28,127463,45],{},[14,127465,127466,127468],{},[28,127467,45],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[21,127470,127472],{"className":23,"code":127471,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[28,127473,127474,127487],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127475,127476,127478,127480,127482,127485],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127477,35292],{"class":37},[31,127479,89],{"class":88},[31,127481,271],{"class":259},[31,127483,127484],{"class":263},"my_report.csv",[31,127486,3934],{"class":259},[31,127488,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127490,134],{"class":133},[31,127492,137],{"class":41},[31,127494,35313],{"class":140},[31,127496,70],{"class":41},[31,127498,127043],{"class":140},[31,127500,137],{"class":41},[31,127502,260],{"class":259},[31,127504,127050],{"class":263},[31,127506,260],{"class":259},[31,127508,99],{"class":41},[31,127510,3027],{"class":95},[31,127512,1569],{"class":41},[14,127514,358],{},[21,127516,127517],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127518,127519],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127520,127521],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127522,4560],{"class":4432},[14,127524,127525,127526,127528,127529,70],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[28,127527,173],{}," onward, which is ",[28,127530,127531],{},"\"report.csv\"",[613,127533,127534],{"id":53269},[28,127535,53269],{},[14,127537,127538,127540],{},[28,127539,53269],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[21,127542,127544],{"className":23,"code":127543,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[28,127545,127546,127559],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127547,127548,127550,127552,127554,127557],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127549,35292],{"class":37},[31,127551,89],{"class":88},[31,127553,271],{"class":259},[31,127555,127556],{"class":263},"report.csv backup",[31,127558,3934],{"class":259},[31,127560,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127562,134],{"class":133},[31,127564,137],{"class":41},[31,127566,35313],{"class":140},[31,127568,70],{"class":41},[31,127570,127043],{"class":140},[31,127572,137],{"class":41},[31,127574,260],{"class":259},[31,127576,127050],{"class":263},[31,127578,260],{"class":259},[31,127580,99],{"class":41},[31,127582,4413],{"class":95},[31,127584,99],{"class":41},[31,127586,1026],{"class":95},[31,127588,1569],{"class":41},[14,127590,358],{},[21,127592,127593],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127594,127595],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127596,127597],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127598,4560],{"class":4432},[14,127600,127601,127602,127604],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[28,127603,127531],{}," and ignores the rest.",[72,127606,18017],{"id":18016},[14,127608,127609,26109],{},[28,127610,126995],{},[228,127612,127613,127618],{},[231,127614,127615,127617],{},[28,127616,4181],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[231,127619,127620,127622],{},[28,127621,4251],{}," if it does not",[14,127624,127625,127626,7759],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[28,127627,7584],{},[21,127629,127631],{"className":23,"code":127630,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[28,127632,127633,127646,127650,127671,127686,127692],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127634,127635,127637,127639,127641,127644],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127636,127020],{"class":37},[31,127638,89],{"class":88},[31,127640,271],{"class":259},[31,127642,127643],{"class":263},"data.csv",[31,127645,3934],{"class":259},[31,127647,127648],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127649,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,127651,127652,127654,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,127653,7584],{"class":4457},[31,127655,127656],{"class":37}," filename",[31,127658,70],{"class":41},[31,127660,127043],{"class":140},[31,127662,137],{"class":41},[31,127664,260],{"class":259},[31,127666,127050],{"class":263},[31,127668,260],{"class":259},[31,127670,8931],{"class":41},[31,127672,127673,127675,127677,127679,127682,127684],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,127674,8657],{"class":133},[31,127676,137],{"class":41},[31,127678,260],{"class":259},[31,127680,127681],{"class":263},"This is a CSV file.",[31,127683,260],{"class":259},[31,127685,120],{"class":41},[31,127687,127688,127690],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,127689,28035],{"class":4457},[31,127691,6978],{"class":41},[31,127693,127694,127696,127698,127700,127703,127705],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,127695,8657],{"class":133},[31,127697,137],{"class":41},[31,127699,260],{"class":259},[31,127701,127702],{"class":263},"This is not a CSV file.",[31,127704,260],{"class":259},[31,127706,120],{"class":41},[14,127708,358],{},[21,127710,127712],{"className":23,"code":127711,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"This is a CSV file.\n",[28,127713,127714],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127715,127716,127718,127720,127722,127725,127727],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127717,50487],{"class":37},[31,127719,12788],{"class":88},[31,127721,45152],{"class":37},[31,127723,127724],{"class":35057},"CSV",[31,127726,87220],{"class":87219},[31,127728,122969],{"class":41},[72,127730,127732],{"id":127731},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[613,127734,127736],{"id":127735},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[21,127738,127740],{"className":23,"code":127739,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[28,127741,127742,127755],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127743,127744,127746,127748,127750,127753],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127745,127020],{"class":37},[31,127747,89],{"class":88},[31,127749,271],{"class":259},[31,127751,127752],{"class":263},"sales.csv",[31,127754,3934],{"class":259},[31,127756,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127758,134],{"class":133},[31,127760,137],{"class":41},[31,127762,127038],{"class":140},[31,127764,70],{"class":41},[31,127766,127043],{"class":140},[31,127768,137],{"class":41},[31,127770,260],{"class":259},[31,127772,127050],{"class":263},[31,127774,260],{"class":259},[31,127776,1569],{"class":41},[14,127778,358],{},[21,127780,127781],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127782,127783],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127784,127785],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127786,4560],{"class":4432},[613,127788,127790],{"id":127789},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[21,127792,127794],{"className":23,"code":127793,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[28,127795,127796,127810],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127797,127798,127801,127803,127805,127808],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127799,127800],{"class":37},"url ",[31,127802,89],{"class":88},[31,127804,271],{"class":259},[31,127806,127807],{"class":263},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[31,127809,3934],{"class":259},[31,127811,127812,127814,127816,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827,127830,127832],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127813,134],{"class":133},[31,127815,137],{"class":41},[31,127817,127818],{"class":140},"url",[31,127820,70],{"class":41},[31,127822,127043],{"class":140},[31,127824,137],{"class":41},[31,127826,260],{"class":259},[31,127828,127829],{"class":263},"\u002F",[31,127831,260],{"class":259},[31,127833,1569],{"class":41},[14,127835,358],{},[21,127837,127838],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127839,127840],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127841,127842],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127843,4560],{"class":4432},[613,127845,127847],{"id":127846},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[21,127849,127851],{"className":23,"code":127850,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[28,127852,127853,127866],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127854,127855,127857,127859,127861,127864],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127856,90591],{"class":37},[31,127858,89],{"class":88},[31,127860,271],{"class":259},[31,127862,127863],{"class":263},"Hello!",[31,127865,3934],{"class":259},[31,127867,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127869,134],{"class":133},[31,127871,137],{"class":41},[31,127873,90608],{"class":140},[31,127875,70],{"class":41},[31,127877,127043],{"class":140},[31,127879,137],{"class":41},[31,127881,260],{"class":259},[31,127883,90432],{"class":263},[31,127885,260],{"class":259},[31,127887,1569],{"class":41},[14,127889,358],{},[21,127891,127892],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127893,127894],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127895,127896],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127897,4560],{"class":4432},[613,127899,127901],{"id":127900},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[21,127903,127905],{"className":23,"code":127904,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[28,127906,127907,127920],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127908,127909,127911,127913,127915,127918],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127910,127020],{"class":37},[31,127912,89],{"class":88},[31,127914,271],{"class":259},[31,127916,127917],{"class":263},"photo.jpg",[31,127919,3934],{"class":259},[31,127921,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,127923,134],{"class":133},[31,127925,137],{"class":41},[31,127927,127038],{"class":140},[31,127929,70],{"class":41},[31,127931,127043],{"class":140},[31,127933,6095],{"class":41},[31,127935,260],{"class":259},[31,127937,127428],{"class":263},[31,127939,260],{"class":259},[31,127941,99],{"class":41},[31,127943,271],{"class":259},[31,127945,127375],{"class":263},[31,127947,260],{"class":259},[31,127949,99],{"class":41},[31,127951,271],{"class":259},[31,127953,127445],{"class":263},[31,127955,260],{"class":259},[31,127957,3490],{"class":41},[14,127959,358],{},[21,127961,127962],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,127963,127964],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127965,127966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127967,4560],{"class":4432},[14,127969,127970,127971,70],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[264,127972,127973],{"href":124192},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[72,127975,124584],{"id":124583},[14,127977,127978,124395],{},[28,127979,126995],{},[14,127981,127982,127983,4975,127986,127989],{},"That means ",[28,127984,127985],{},"\".CSV\"",[28,127987,127988],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[21,127991,127993],{"className":23,"code":127992,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[28,127994,127995,128008,128012,128034],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,127996,127997,127999,128001,128003,128006],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,127998,127020],{"class":37},[31,128000,89],{"class":88},[31,128002,271],{"class":259},[31,128004,128005],{"class":263},"REPORT.CSV",[31,128007,3934],{"class":259},[31,128009,128010],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128011,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,128013,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,128015,134],{"class":133},[31,128017,137],{"class":41},[31,128019,127038],{"class":140},[31,128021,70],{"class":41},[31,128023,127043],{"class":140},[31,128025,137],{"class":41},[31,128027,260],{"class":259},[31,128029,127050],{"class":263},[31,128031,260],{"class":259},[31,128033,1569],{"class":41},[31,128035,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128053,128055],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,128037,134],{"class":133},[31,128039,137],{"class":41},[31,128041,127038],{"class":140},[31,128043,70],{"class":41},[31,128045,127043],{"class":140},[31,128047,137],{"class":41},[31,128049,260],{"class":259},[31,128051,128052],{"class":263},".CSV",[31,128054,260],{"class":259},[31,128056,1569],{"class":41},[14,128058,358],{},[21,128060,128062],{"className":23,"code":128061,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"False\nTrue\n",[28,128063,128064,128068],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128065,128066],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128067,4621],{"class":4432},[31,128069,128070],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128071,4560],{"class":4432},[14,128073,128074,128075,70],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[264,128076,128077],{"href":124664},[28,128078,124667],{},[21,128080,128082],{"className":23,"code":128081,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[28,128083,128084,128096],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128085,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128087,127020],{"class":37},[31,128089,89],{"class":88},[31,128091,271],{"class":259},[31,128093,128005],{"class":263},[31,128095,3934],{"class":259},[31,128097,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128099,134],{"class":133},[31,128101,137],{"class":41},[31,128103,127038],{"class":140},[31,128105,70],{"class":41},[31,128107,9231],{"class":140},[31,128109,9228],{"class":41},[31,128111,127043],{"class":140},[31,128113,137],{"class":41},[31,128115,260],{"class":259},[31,128117,127050],{"class":263},[31,128119,260],{"class":259},[31,128121,1569],{"class":41},[14,128123,358],{},[21,128125,128126],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,128127,128128],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128129,128130],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128131,4560],{"class":4432},[72,128133,128135],{"id":128134},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,128137,128138],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[21,128140,128142],{"className":23,"code":128141,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[28,128143,128144,128157],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128145,128146,128148,128150,128152,128155],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128147,127020],{"class":37},[31,128149,89],{"class":88},[31,128151,271],{"class":259},[31,128153,128154],{"class":263},"picture.gif",[31,128156,3934],{"class":259},[31,128158,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128160,134],{"class":133},[31,128162,137],{"class":41},[31,128164,127038],{"class":140},[31,128166,70],{"class":41},[31,128168,127043],{"class":140},[31,128170,6095],{"class":41},[31,128172,260],{"class":259},[31,128174,127428],{"class":263},[31,128176,260],{"class":259},[31,128178,99],{"class":41},[31,128180,271],{"class":259},[31,128182,127375],{"class":263},[31,128184,260],{"class":259},[31,128186,99],{"class":41},[31,128188,271],{"class":259},[31,128190,127445],{"class":263},[31,128192,260],{"class":259},[31,128194,3490],{"class":41},[14,128196,358],{},[21,128198,128199],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,128200,128201],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128202,128203],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128204,4560],{"class":4432},[14,128206,128207],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,128209,52688],{},[21,128211,128213],{"className":23,"code":128212,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[28,128214,128215,128228,128263,128267],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128216,128217,128220,128222,128224,128226],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128218,128219],{"class":37},"document ",[31,128221,89],{"class":88},[31,128223,271],{"class":259},[31,128225,87479],{"class":263},[31,128227,3934],{"class":259},[31,128229,128230,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128250,128252,128254,128256,128259,128261],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128231,128232],{"class":37},"allowed ",[31,128234,89],{"class":88},[31,128236,92],{"class":41},[31,128238,260],{"class":259},[31,128240,127073],{"class":263},[31,128242,260],{"class":259},[31,128244,99],{"class":41},[31,128246,271],{"class":259},[31,128248,128249],{"class":263},".md",[31,128251,260],{"class":259},[31,128253,99],{"class":41},[31,128255,271],{"class":259},[31,128257,128258],{"class":263},".docx",[31,128260,260],{"class":259},[31,128262,120],{"class":41},[31,128264,128265],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,128266,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,128268,128269,128271,128273,128276,128278,128280,128282,128285],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,128270,134],{"class":133},[31,128272,137],{"class":41},[31,128274,128275],{"class":140},"document",[31,128277,70],{"class":41},[31,128279,127043],{"class":140},[31,128281,137],{"class":41},[31,128283,128284],{"class":140},"allowed",[31,128286,1569],{"class":41},[14,128288,358],{},[21,128290,128291],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,128292,128293],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128294,128295],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128296,4560],{"class":4432},[14,128298,128299,128300,70],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[264,128301,126937,128303,11333],{"href":128302},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[28,128304,128305],{},"startswith()",[72,128307,3407],{"id":3406},[14,128309,9037,128310,70],{},[28,128311,126995],{},[613,128313,128315],{"id":128314},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,128317,2102],{},[21,128319,128321],{"className":23,"code":128320,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[28,128322,128323,128335],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128324,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128326,127020],{"class":37},[31,128328,89],{"class":88},[31,128330,271],{"class":259},[31,128332,127917],{"class":263},[31,128334,3934],{"class":259},[31,128336,128337],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128338,128339],{"class":157},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,128341,128342],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[21,128344,128346],{"className":23,"code":128345,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[28,128347,128348,128360],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128349,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128351,127020],{"class":37},[31,128353,89],{"class":88},[31,128355,271],{"class":259},[31,128357,127917],{"class":263},[31,128359,3934],{"class":259},[31,128361,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128363,134],{"class":133},[31,128365,137],{"class":41},[31,128367,127038],{"class":140},[31,128369,70],{"class":41},[31,128371,127043],{"class":140},[31,128373,6095],{"class":41},[31,128375,260],{"class":259},[31,128377,127428],{"class":263},[31,128379,260],{"class":259},[31,128381,99],{"class":41},[31,128383,271],{"class":259},[31,128385,127375],{"class":263},[31,128387,260],{"class":259},[31,128389,3490],{"class":41},[613,128391,128393],{"id":128392},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[21,128395,128397],{"className":23,"code":128396,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[28,128398,128399,128411],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128400,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128402,127020],{"class":37},[31,128404,89],{"class":88},[31,128406,271],{"class":259},[31,128408,128005],{"class":263},[31,128410,3934],{"class":259},[31,128412,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128414,134],{"class":133},[31,128416,137],{"class":41},[31,128418,127038],{"class":140},[31,128420,70],{"class":41},[31,128422,127043],{"class":140},[31,128424,137],{"class":41},[31,128426,260],{"class":259},[31,128428,127050],{"class":263},[31,128430,260],{"class":259},[31,128432,1569],{"class":41},[14,128434,358],{},[21,128436,128437],{"className":23,"code":4621,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,128438,128439],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128440,128441],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128442,4621],{"class":4432},[14,128444,39867],{},[21,128446,128447],{"className":23,"code":128081,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,128448,128449,128461],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128450,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128452,127020],{"class":37},[31,128454,89],{"class":88},[31,128456,271],{"class":259},[31,128458,128005],{"class":263},[31,128460,3934],{"class":259},[31,128462,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128464,134],{"class":133},[31,128466,137],{"class":41},[31,128468,127038],{"class":140},[31,128470,70],{"class":41},[31,128472,9231],{"class":140},[31,128474,9228],{"class":41},[31,128476,127043],{"class":140},[31,128478,137],{"class":41},[31,128480,260],{"class":259},[31,128482,127050],{"class":263},[31,128484,260],{"class":259},[31,128486,1569],{"class":41},[613,128488,37808,128490,9295,128492],{"id":128489},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[28,128491,126995],{},[28,128493,4464],{},[14,128495,128496,128498],{},[28,128497,126995],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[21,128500,128502],{"className":23,"code":128501,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[28,128503,128504,128517,128521,128543],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128505,128506,128508,128510,128512,128515],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128507,35292],{"class":37},[31,128509,89],{"class":88},[31,128511,271],{"class":259},[31,128513,128514],{"class":263},"my_report.csv.backup",[31,128516,3934],{"class":259},[31,128518,128519],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128520,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,128522,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,128524,134],{"class":133},[31,128526,137],{"class":41},[31,128528,35313],{"class":140},[31,128530,70],{"class":41},[31,128532,127043],{"class":140},[31,128534,137],{"class":41},[31,128536,260],{"class":259},[31,128538,127050],{"class":263},[31,128540,260],{"class":259},[31,128542,1569],{"class":41},[31,128544,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,128546,134],{"class":133},[31,128548,137],{"class":41},[31,128550,260],{"class":259},[31,128552,127050],{"class":263},[31,128554,260],{"class":259},[31,128556,21772],{"class":4457},[31,128558,43448],{"class":140},[31,128560,120],{"class":41},[14,128562,358],{},[21,128564,128565],{"className":23,"code":128061,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,128566,128567,128571],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128568,128569],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128570,4621],{"class":4432},[31,128572,128573],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128574,4560],{"class":4432},[613,128576,9043,128578,128580],{"id":128577},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[28,128579,126995],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128582,128583,128585],{},[28,128584,126995],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[21,128587,128589],{"className":23,"code":128588,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[28,128590,128591,128603,128625],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128592,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128594,127020],{"class":37},[31,128596,89],{"class":88},[31,128598,271],{"class":259},[31,128600,127027],{"class":263},[31,128602,3934],{"class":259},[31,128604,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128606,134],{"class":133},[31,128608,137],{"class":41},[31,128610,127038],{"class":140},[31,128612,70],{"class":41},[31,128614,127043],{"class":140},[31,128616,137],{"class":41},[31,128618,260],{"class":259},[31,128620,127050],{"class":263},[31,128622,260],{"class":259},[31,128624,1569],{"class":41},[31,128626,128627,128629,128631,128633],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,128628,134],{"class":133},[31,128630,137],{"class":41},[31,128632,127038],{"class":140},[31,128634,120],{"class":41},[14,128636,358],{},[21,128638,128640],{"className":23,"code":128639,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nreport.csv\n",[28,128641,128642,128646],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128643,128644],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128645,4560],{"class":4432},[31,128647,128648,128651,128653],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128649,128650],{"class":37},"report",[31,128652,70],{"class":41},[31,128654,128655],{"class":25350},"csv\n",[14,128657,128658,128659,70],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[264,128660,128661],{"href":125105},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128663,66671],{},[228,128665,128666,128669,128672,128675],{},[231,128667,128668],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[231,128670,128671],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[231,128673,128674],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[231,128676,9007,128677,45237,128679,3456,128681,112136],{},[28,128678,126995],{},[28,128680,125108],{},[28,128682,42259],{},[14,128684,30738],{},[21,128686,128688],{"className":23,"code":128687,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[28,128689,128690,128700,128714,128736,128762],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128691,128692,128694,128696,128698],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128693,134],{"class":133},[31,128695,137],{"class":41},[31,128697,35313],{"class":140},[31,128699,120],{"class":41},[31,128701,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128703,134],{"class":133},[31,128705,137],{"class":41},[31,128707,42385],{"class":133},[31,128709,137],{"class":41},[31,128711,35313],{"class":140},[31,128713,1569],{"class":41},[31,128715,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,128717,134],{"class":133},[31,128719,137],{"class":41},[31,128721,35313],{"class":140},[31,128723,70],{"class":41},[31,128725,127043],{"class":140},[31,128727,137],{"class":41},[31,128729,370],{"class":259},[31,128731,127050],{"class":263},[31,128733,370],{"class":259},[31,128735,1569],{"class":41},[31,128737,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,128739,134],{"class":133},[31,128741,137],{"class":41},[31,128743,35313],{"class":140},[31,128745,70],{"class":41},[31,128747,9231],{"class":140},[31,128749,9228],{"class":41},[31,128751,127043],{"class":140},[31,128753,137],{"class":41},[31,128755,370],{"class":259},[31,128757,127050],{"class":263},[31,128759,370],{"class":259},[31,128761,1569],{"class":41},[31,128763,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,128765,134],{"class":133},[31,128767,137],{"class":41},[31,128769,1562],{"class":1561},[31,128771,137],{"class":41},[31,128773,35313],{"class":140},[31,128775,1569],{"class":41},[72,128777,2435],{"id":2434},[613,128779,13299,128781,128783],{"id":128780},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[28,128782,126995],{}," change the string?",[14,128785,128786,128787,3456,128789,70],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[28,128788,4181],{},[28,128790,4251],{},[613,128792,5752,128794,128796],{"id":128793},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[28,128795,126995],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128798,128799,128800,70],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[28,128801,128802],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[613,128804,15501,128806,125273],{"id":128805},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[28,128807,126995],{},[14,128809,128810,128811,3456,128813,128816],{},"Yes. Use ",[28,128812,124667],{},[28,128814,128815],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[613,128818,5762,128820,4975,128822,2466],{"id":128819},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[28,128821,126995],{},[28,128823,124932],{},[14,128825,128826,128828,128829,128831],{},[28,128827,126995],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[28,128830,124932],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[72,128833,2475],{"id":2474},[228,128835,128836,128842,128848,128852,128856],{},[231,128837,128838],{},[264,128839,126937,128840,11333],{"href":128302},[28,128841,128305],{},[231,128843,128844],{},[264,128845,126937,128846,11333],{"href":124664},[28,128847,124667],{},[231,128849,128850],{},[264,128851,125336],{"href":124192},[231,128853,128854],{},[264,128855,125343],{"href":125105},[231,128857,128858],{},[264,128859,125692],{"href":51583},[2499,128861,128862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":128864},[128865,128866,128868,128869,128874,128875,128881,128882,128883,128891,128901],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":127103,"depth":123,"text":128867},"What endswith() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":127318,"depth":123,"text":127319,"children":128870},[128871,128872,128873],{"id":127232,"depth":130,"text":127232},{"id":45,"depth":130,"text":45},{"id":53269,"depth":130,"text":53269},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":127731,"depth":123,"text":127732,"children":128876},[128877,128878,128879,128880],{"id":127735,"depth":130,"text":127736},{"id":127789,"depth":130,"text":127790},{"id":127846,"depth":130,"text":127847},{"id":127900,"depth":130,"text":127901},{"id":124583,"depth":123,"text":124584},{"id":128134,"depth":123,"text":128135},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":128884},[128885,128886,128887,128889],{"id":128314,"depth":130,"text":128315},{"id":128392,"depth":130,"text":128393},{"id":128489,"depth":130,"text":128888},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128577,"depth":130,"text":128890},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":128892},[128893,128895,128897,128899],{"id":128780,"depth":130,"text":128894},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128793,"depth":130,"text":128896},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128805,"depth":130,"text":128898},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128819,"depth":130,"text":128900},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126987,"description":128902},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128909,"title":128910,"body":128911,"description":130579,"extension":2542,"meta":130580,"navigation":126,"path":130581,"seo":130582,"stem":130583,"__hash__":130584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128912,"toc":130552},[128913,128918,128923,128928,128933,129026,129036,129041,129046,129061,129063,129145,129153,129155,129157,129184,129186,129202,129209,129211,129319,129321,129326,129342,129344,129439,129447,129450,129456,129461,129466,129473,129612,129615,129628,129630,129634,129641,129711,129714,129763,129770,129777,129791,129796,129801,129847,129893,129909,129911,129916,129930,129933,130055,130060,130062,130067,130100,130103,130179,130181,130190,130204,130207,130291,130294,130405,130408,130436,130438,130445,130449,130455,130458,130464,130467,130474,130485,130491,130498,130500,130549],[10,128914,123937,128916,11914],{"id":128915},"python-string-find-method",[28,128917,124932],{},[14,128919,123942,128920,128922],{},[28,128921,124932],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128924,128925,128926,70],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[28,128927,66462],{},[14,128929,2668,128930,128932],{},[28,128931,124932],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[21,128934,128936],{"className":23,"code":128935,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[28,128937,128938,128950,128973,128986,128990,129013],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,128939,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,128941,35292],{"class":37},[31,128943,89],{"class":88},[31,128945,271],{"class":259},[31,128947,61016],{"class":263},[31,128949,3934],{"class":259},[31,128951,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,128953,65528],{"class":37},[31,128955,89],{"class":88},[31,128957,43448],{"class":37},[31,128959,70],{"class":41},[31,128961,128962],{"class":140},"find",[31,128964,137],{"class":41},[31,128966,260],{"class":259},[31,128968,61200],{"class":263},[31,128970,260],{"class":259},[31,128972,120],{"class":41},[31,128974,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,128976,134],{"class":133},[31,128978,137],{"class":41},[31,128980,65555],{"class":140},[31,128982,4238],{"class":41},[31,128984,128985],{"class":157},"   # 6\n",[31,128987,128988],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,128989,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,128991,128992,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,128993,128994],{"class":37},"missing ",[31,128996,89],{"class":88},[31,128998,43448],{"class":37},[31,129000,70],{"class":41},[31,129002,128962],{"class":140},[31,129004,137],{"class":41},[31,129006,260],{"class":259},[31,129008,25],{"class":263},[31,129010,260],{"class":259},[31,129012,120],{"class":41},[31,129014,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,129016,134],{"class":133},[31,129018,137],{"class":41},[31,129020,27374],{"class":140},[31,129022,4238],{"class":41},[31,129024,129025],{"class":157},"    # -1\n",[44187,129027,129028],{},[14,129029,2668,129030,129032,129033,129035],{},[28,129031,124932],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[28,129034,66462],{}," if the substring is not found.",[72,129037,4255,129039,4258],{"id":129038},"what-find-does",[28,129040,124932],{},[14,129042,129043,129045],{},[28,129044,124932],{}," is a string method that:",[228,129047,129048,129051,129054,129059],{},[231,129049,129050],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[231,129052,129053],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[231,129055,12016,129056,129058],{},[28,129057,66462],{}," if no match is found",[231,129060,127123],{},[14,129062,242],{},[21,129064,129066],{"className":23,"code":129065,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[28,129067,129068,129080,129084,129108,129132],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129069,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129071,35292],{"class":37},[31,129073,89],{"class":88},[31,129075,271],{"class":259},[31,129077,4669],{"class":263},[31,129079,3934],{"class":259},[31,129081,129082],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129083,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129085,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129087,134],{"class":133},[31,129089,137],{"class":41},[31,129091,35313],{"class":140},[31,129093,70],{"class":41},[31,129095,128962],{"class":140},[31,129097,137],{"class":41},[31,129099,260],{"class":259},[31,129101,124030],{"class":263},[31,129103,260],{"class":259},[31,129105,5945],{"class":41},[31,129107,58254],{"class":157},[31,129109,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,129111,134],{"class":133},[31,129113,137],{"class":41},[31,129115,35313],{"class":140},[31,129117,70],{"class":41},[31,129119,128962],{"class":140},[31,129121,137],{"class":41},[31,129123,260],{"class":259},[31,129125,2750],{"class":263},[31,129127,260],{"class":259},[31,129129,5945],{"class":41},[31,129131,129025],{"class":157},[31,129133,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,129135,134],{"class":133},[31,129137,137],{"class":41},[31,129139,35313],{"class":140},[31,129141,4238],{"class":41},[31,129143,129144],{"class":157},"              # banana\n",[14,129146,21369,129147,129150,129151,70],{},[28,129148,129149],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[28,129152,193],{},[72,129154,2733],{"id":2732},[14,129156,2736],{},[21,129158,129160],{"className":23,"code":129159,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[28,129161,129162],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129163,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129165,61782],{"class":37},[31,129167,70],{"class":41},[31,129169,128962],{"class":140},[31,129171,137],{"class":41},[31,129173,3049],{"class":140},[31,129175,99],{"class":41},[31,129177,36658],{"class":140},[31,129179,99],{"class":41},[31,129181,65649],{"class":140},[31,129183,120],{"class":41},[613,129185,17993],{"id":17992},[228,129187,129188,129192,129197],{},[231,129189,129190,124129],{},[28,129191,3049],{},[231,129193,129194,129196],{},[28,129195,45],{},": optional starting position",[231,129198,129199,129201],{},[28,129200,53269],{},": optional ending position",[14,129203,129204,4975,129206,129208],{},[28,129205,45],{},[28,129207,53269],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,129210,127266],{},[21,129212,129214],{"className":23,"code":129213,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[28,129215,129216,129228,129232,129257,129286],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129217,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129219,35292],{"class":37},[31,129221,89],{"class":88},[31,129223,271],{"class":259},[31,129225,61016],{"class":263},[31,129227,3934],{"class":259},[31,129229,129230],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129231,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129233,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129235,134],{"class":133},[31,129237,137],{"class":41},[31,129239,35313],{"class":140},[31,129241,70],{"class":41},[31,129243,128962],{"class":140},[31,129245,137],{"class":41},[31,129247,260],{"class":259},[31,129249,61082],{"class":263},[31,129251,260],{"class":259},[31,129253,5945],{"class":41},[31,129255,129256],{"class":157},"        # 4\n",[31,129258,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,129260,134],{"class":133},[31,129262,137],{"class":41},[31,129264,35313],{"class":140},[31,129266,70],{"class":41},[31,129268,128962],{"class":140},[31,129270,137],{"class":41},[31,129272,260],{"class":259},[31,129274,61082],{"class":263},[31,129276,260],{"class":259},[31,129278,99],{"class":41},[31,129280,5187],{"class":95},[31,129282,5945],{"class":41},[31,129284,129285],{"class":157},"     # 7\n",[31,129287,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,129289,134],{"class":133},[31,129291,137],{"class":41},[31,129293,35313],{"class":140},[31,129295,70],{"class":41},[31,129297,128962],{"class":140},[31,129299,137],{"class":41},[31,129301,260],{"class":259},[31,129303,61082],{"class":263},[31,129305,260],{"class":259},[31,129307,99],{"class":41},[31,129309,5187],{"class":95},[31,129311,99],{"class":41},[31,129313,6578],{"class":95},[31,129315,5945],{"class":41},[31,129317,129318],{"class":157},"  # -1\n",[72,129320,38625],{"id":38624},[14,129322,58153,129323,129325],{},[28,129324,124932],{}," is always an integer.",[228,129327,129328,129334,129337],{},[231,129329,129330,129331,129333],{},"A number ",[28,129332,1243],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[231,129335,129336],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[231,129338,129339,129341],{},[28,129340,66462],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,129343,242],{},[21,129345,129347],{"className":23,"code":129346,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[28,129348,129349,129361,129365,129390,129415],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129350,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129352,35292],{"class":37},[31,129354,89],{"class":88},[31,129356,271],{"class":259},[31,129358,25],{"class":263},[31,129360,3934],{"class":259},[31,129362,129363],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129364,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129366,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129384,129386,129388],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129368,134],{"class":133},[31,129370,137],{"class":41},[31,129372,35313],{"class":140},[31,129374,70],{"class":41},[31,129376,128962],{"class":140},[31,129378,137],{"class":41},[31,129380,260],{"class":259},[31,129382,129383],{"class":263},"py",[31,129385,260],{"class":259},[31,129387,5945],{"class":41},[31,129389,21366],{"class":157},[31,129391,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129409,129411,129413],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,129393,134],{"class":133},[31,129395,137],{"class":41},[31,129397,35313],{"class":140},[31,129399,70],{"class":41},[31,129401,128962],{"class":140},[31,129403,137],{"class":41},[31,129405,260],{"class":259},[31,129407,129408],{"class":263},"th",[31,129410,260],{"class":259},[31,129412,5945],{"class":41},[31,129414,58254],{"class":157},[31,129416,129417,129419,129421,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,129418,134],{"class":133},[31,129420,137],{"class":41},[31,129422,35313],{"class":140},[31,129424,70],{"class":41},[31,129426,128962],{"class":140},[31,129428,137],{"class":41},[31,129430,260],{"class":259},[31,129432,22676],{"class":263},[31,129434,260],{"class":259},[31,129436,5945],{"class":41},[31,129438,129025],{"class":157},[14,129440,90494,129441,9046,129443,3456,129445,70],{},[28,129442,124932],{},[28,129444,4181],{},[28,129446,4251],{},[14,129448,129449],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[72,129451,9007,129452,4975,129454],{"id":66014},[28,129453,45],{},[28,129455,53269],{},[14,129457,2668,129458,129460],{},[28,129459,45],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,129462,2668,129463,129465],{},[28,129464,53269],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,129467,62,129468,65,129470,129472],{},[28,129469,53269],{},[67,129471,69],{}," in the search.",[21,129474,129476],{"className":23,"code":129475,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[28,129477,129478,129491,129495,129519,129548,129580],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129479,129480,129482,129484,129486,129489],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129481,35292],{"class":37},[31,129483,89],{"class":88},[31,129485,271],{"class":259},[31,129487,129488],{"class":263},"one two three two",[31,129490,3934],{"class":259},[31,129492,129493],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129494,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129496,129497,129499,129501,129503,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513,129515,129517],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129498,134],{"class":133},[31,129500,137],{"class":41},[31,129502,35313],{"class":140},[31,129504,70],{"class":41},[31,129506,128962],{"class":140},[31,129508,137],{"class":41},[31,129510,260],{"class":259},[31,129512,79856],{"class":263},[31,129514,260],{"class":259},[31,129516,5945],{"class":41},[31,129518,129256],{"class":157},[31,129520,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,129522,134],{"class":133},[31,129524,137],{"class":41},[31,129526,35313],{"class":140},[31,129528,70],{"class":41},[31,129530,128962],{"class":140},[31,129532,137],{"class":41},[31,129534,260],{"class":259},[31,129536,79856],{"class":263},[31,129538,260],{"class":259},[31,129540,99],{"class":41},[31,129542,5187],{"class":95},[31,129544,5945],{"class":41},[31,129546,129547],{"class":157},"     # 14\n",[31,129549,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560,129562,129564,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574,129576,129578],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,129551,134],{"class":133},[31,129553,137],{"class":41},[31,129555,35313],{"class":140},[31,129557,70],{"class":41},[31,129559,128962],{"class":140},[31,129561,137],{"class":41},[31,129563,260],{"class":259},[31,129565,79856],{"class":263},[31,129567,260],{"class":259},[31,129569,99],{"class":41},[31,129571,4413],{"class":95},[31,129573,99],{"class":41},[31,129575,6578],{"class":95},[31,129577,5945],{"class":41},[31,129579,51543],{"class":157},[31,129581,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602,129604,129606,129608,129610],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,129583,134],{"class":133},[31,129585,137],{"class":41},[31,129587,35313],{"class":140},[31,129589,70],{"class":41},[31,129591,128962],{"class":140},[31,129593,137],{"class":41},[31,129595,260],{"class":259},[31,129597,79856],{"class":263},[31,129599,260],{"class":259},[31,129601,99],{"class":41},[31,129603,4413],{"class":95},[31,129605,99],{"class":41},[31,129607,3033],{"class":95},[31,129609,5945],{"class":41},[31,129611,129318],{"class":157},[14,129613,129614],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129616,129617,129618,55678,129622,70],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[264,129619,129621],{"href":129620},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[264,129623,129625,129627],{"href":129624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[28,129626,61140],{}," string method",[72,129629,124584],{"id":124583},[14,129631,129632,124395],{},[28,129633,124932],{},[14,129635,127982,129636,4975,129638,129640],{},[28,129637,91002],{},[28,129639,65143],{}," are treated as different text.",[21,129642,129644],{"className":23,"code":129643,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[28,129645,129646,129659,129663,129687],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129647,129648,129650,129652,129654,129657],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129649,35292],{"class":37},[31,129651,89],{"class":88},[31,129653,271],{"class":259},[31,129655,129656],{"class":263},"Hello World",[31,129658,3934],{"class":259},[31,129660,129661],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129662,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129664,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129666,134],{"class":133},[31,129668,137],{"class":41},[31,129670,35313],{"class":140},[31,129672,70],{"class":41},[31,129674,128962],{"class":140},[31,129676,137],{"class":41},[31,129678,260],{"class":259},[31,129680,35472],{"class":263},[31,129682,260],{"class":259},[31,129684,5945],{"class":41},[31,129686,51855],{"class":157},[31,129688,129689,129691,129693,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,129690,134],{"class":133},[31,129692,137],{"class":41},[31,129694,35313],{"class":140},[31,129696,70],{"class":41},[31,129698,128962],{"class":140},[31,129700,137],{"class":41},[31,129702,260],{"class":259},[31,129704,4425],{"class":263},[31,129706,260],{"class":259},[31,129708,5945],{"class":41},[31,129710,129318],{"class":157},[14,129712,129713],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[21,129715,129717],{"className":23,"code":129716,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[28,129718,129719,129731,129735],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129720,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129722,35292],{"class":37},[31,129724,89],{"class":88},[31,129726,271],{"class":259},[31,129728,129656],{"class":263},[31,129730,3934],{"class":259},[31,129732,129733],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129734,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129736,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129738,134],{"class":133},[31,129740,137],{"class":41},[31,129742,35313],{"class":140},[31,129744,70],{"class":41},[31,129746,9231],{"class":140},[31,129748,9228],{"class":41},[31,129750,128962],{"class":140},[31,129752,137],{"class":41},[31,129754,260],{"class":259},[31,129756,4425],{"class":263},[31,129758,260],{"class":259},[31,129760,5945],{"class":41},[31,129762,51855],{"class":157},[72,129764,129766,11177,129768],{"id":129765},"find-vs-index",[28,129767,124932],{},[28,129769,59577],{},[14,129771,129772,4975,129774,129776],{},[28,129773,124932],{},[28,129775,59577],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[228,129778,129779,129785],{},[231,129780,129781,2972,129783],{},[28,129782,124932],{},[28,129784,66462],{},[231,129786,129787,53103,129789],{},[28,129788,59577],{},[28,129790,41309],{},[14,129792,2668,129793,129795],{},[28,129794,124932],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129797,2668,129798,129800],{},[28,129799,59577],{}," when the value must exist.",[21,129802,129804],{"className":23,"code":129803,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[28,129805,129806,129818,129822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129807,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129809,35292],{"class":37},[31,129811,89],{"class":88},[31,129813,271],{"class":259},[31,129815,4425],{"class":263},[31,129817,3934],{"class":259},[31,129819,129820],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129821,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129823,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842,129844],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129825,134],{"class":133},[31,129827,137],{"class":41},[31,129829,35313],{"class":140},[31,129831,70],{"class":41},[31,129833,128962],{"class":140},[31,129835,137],{"class":41},[31,129837,260],{"class":259},[31,129839,2750],{"class":263},[31,129841,260],{"class":259},[31,129843,5945],{"class":41},[31,129845,129846],{"class":157},"   # -1\n",[21,129848,129850],{"className":23,"code":129849,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[28,129851,129852,129864,129868],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129853,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129855,35292],{"class":37},[31,129857,89],{"class":88},[31,129859,271],{"class":259},[31,129861,4425],{"class":263},[31,129863,3934],{"class":259},[31,129865,129866],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129867,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129869,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129871,134],{"class":133},[31,129873,137],{"class":41},[31,129875,35313],{"class":140},[31,129877,70],{"class":41},[31,129879,36452],{"class":140},[31,129881,137],{"class":41},[31,129883,260],{"class":259},[31,129885,2750],{"class":263},[31,129887,260],{"class":259},[31,129889,5945],{"class":41},[31,129891,129892],{"class":157},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129894,129895,129896,129900,129901,129903,129904,70],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[264,129897,129898,129627],{"href":124957},[28,129899,59577],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[28,129902,59577],{},", read ",[264,129905,26280,129906],{"href":74087},[28,129907,129908],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[72,129910,41651],{"id":41650},[14,129912,36011,129913,129915],{},[28,129914,124932],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[228,129917,129918,129921,129924,129927],{},[231,129919,129920],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[231,129922,129923],{},"Get the position of a word",[231,129925,129926],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[231,129928,129929],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129931,129932],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[21,129934,129936],{"className":23,"code":129935,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[28,129937,129938,129951,129974,129978,129993,130009,130028,130042],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,129939,129940,129942,129944,129946,129949],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,129941,35292],{"class":37},[31,129943,89],{"class":88},[31,129945,271],{"class":259},[31,129947,129948],{"class":263},"name:Alice",[31,129950,3934],{"class":259},[31,129952,129953,129956,129958,129960,129962,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,129954,129955],{"class":37},"colon_pos ",[31,129957,89],{"class":88},[31,129959,43448],{"class":37},[31,129961,70],{"class":41},[31,129963,128962],{"class":140},[31,129965,137],{"class":41},[31,129967,260],{"class":259},[31,129969,48],{"class":263},[31,129971,260],{"class":259},[31,129973,120],{"class":41},[31,129975,129976],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,129977,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,129979,129980,129982,129985,129987,129989,129991],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,129981,7584],{"class":4457},[31,129983,129984],{"class":37}," colon_pos ",[31,129986,73197],{"class":88},[31,129988,2799],{"class":88},[31,129990,146],{"class":95},[31,129992,6978],{"class":41},[31,129994,129995,129998,130000,130002,130004,130007],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,129996,129997],{"class":37},"    label ",[31,129999,89],{"class":88},[31,130001,43448],{"class":37},[31,130003,170],{"class":41},[31,130005,130006],{"class":37},"colon_pos",[31,130008,59],{"class":41},[31,130010,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021,130023,130025],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,130012,28002],{"class":37},[31,130014,89],{"class":88},[31,130016,43448],{"class":37},[31,130018,42],{"class":41},[31,130020,129955],{"class":37},[31,130022,2636],{"class":88},[31,130024,6082],{"class":95},[31,130026,130027],{"class":41},":]\n",[31,130029,130030,130032,130034,130037,130039],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,130031,8657],{"class":133},[31,130033,137],{"class":41},[31,130035,130036],{"class":140},"label",[31,130038,4238],{"class":41},[31,130040,130041],{"class":157},"  # name\n",[31,130043,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,130045,8657],{"class":133},[31,130047,137],{"class":41},[31,130049,3049],{"class":140},[31,130051,4238],{"class":41},[31,130053,130054],{"class":157},"  # Alice\n",[14,130056,130057,130058,70],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[264,130059,127973],{"href":124192},[72,130061,3407],{"id":3406},[14,130063,130064,130065,48],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[28,130066,124932],{},[228,130068,130069,130078,130084,130089,130095],{},[231,130070,9043,130071,9046,130073,3456,130075,130077],{},[28,130072,124932],{},[28,130074,4181],{},[28,130076,4251],{}," instead of an index",[231,130079,130080,130081,130083],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[28,130082,66462],{}," when the substring is missing",[231,130085,9007,130086,130088],{},[28,130087,124932],{}," without handling case differences",[231,130090,37808,130091,9295,130093],{},[28,130092,124932],{},[28,130094,59577],{},[231,130096,5161,130097,130099],{},[28,130098,124932],{}," changes the string",[14,130101,130102],{},"Example of a mistake:",[21,130104,130106],{"className":23,"code":130105,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[28,130107,130108,130120,130124,130144,130159,130165],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130109,130110,130112,130114,130116,130118],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130111,35292],{"class":37},[31,130113,89],{"class":88},[31,130115,271],{"class":259},[31,130117,4425],{"class":263},[31,130119,3934],{"class":259},[31,130121,130122],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130123,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,130125,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,130127,7584],{"class":4457},[31,130129,43448],{"class":37},[31,130131,70],{"class":41},[31,130133,128962],{"class":140},[31,130135,137],{"class":41},[31,130137,260],{"class":259},[31,130139,61048],{"class":263},[31,130141,260],{"class":259},[31,130143,8931],{"class":41},[31,130145,130146,130148,130150,130152,130155,130157],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,130147,8657],{"class":133},[31,130149,137],{"class":41},[31,130151,260],{"class":259},[31,130153,130154],{"class":263},"Found",[31,130156,260],{"class":259},[31,130158,120],{"class":41},[31,130160,130161,130163],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,130162,28035],{"class":4457},[31,130164,6978],{"class":41},[31,130166,130167,130169,130171,130173,130175,130177],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,130168,8657],{"class":133},[31,130170,137],{"class":41},[31,130172,260],{"class":259},[31,130174,26916],{"class":263},[31,130176,260],{"class":259},[31,130178,120],{"class":41},[14,130180,100500],{},[21,130182,130184],{"className":23,"code":130183,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Not found\n",[28,130185,130186],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130187,130188],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130189,130183],{"class":37},[14,130191,46311,130192,130195,130196,17670,130198,130200,130201,130203],{},[28,130193,130194],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[28,130197,1243],{},[28,130199,1243],{}," is treated as false in an ",[28,130202,7584],{}," statement.",[14,130205,130206],{},"A safer version is:",[21,130208,130210],{"className":23,"code":130209,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[28,130211,130212,130224,130228,130257,130271,130277],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130213,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130215,35292],{"class":37},[31,130217,89],{"class":88},[31,130219,271],{"class":259},[31,130221,4425],{"class":263},[31,130223,3934],{"class":259},[31,130225,130226],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130227,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,130229,130230,130232,130234,130236,130238,130240,130242,130244,130246,130248,130251,130253,130255],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,130231,7584],{"class":4457},[31,130233,43448],{"class":37},[31,130235,70],{"class":41},[31,130237,128962],{"class":140},[31,130239,137],{"class":41},[31,130241,260],{"class":259},[31,130243,61048],{"class":263},[31,130245,260],{"class":259},[31,130247,4238],{"class":41},[31,130249,130250],{"class":88}," !=",[31,130252,2799],{"class":88},[31,130254,146],{"class":95},[31,130256,6978],{"class":41},[31,130258,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,130260,8657],{"class":133},[31,130262,137],{"class":41},[31,130264,260],{"class":259},[31,130266,130154],{"class":263},[31,130268,260],{"class":259},[31,130270,120],{"class":41},[31,130272,130273,130275],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,130274,28035],{"class":4457},[31,130276,6978],{"class":41},[31,130278,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,130280,8657],{"class":133},[31,130282,137],{"class":41},[31,130284,260],{"class":259},[31,130286,26916],{"class":263},[31,130288,260],{"class":259},[31,130290,120],{"class":41},[14,130292,130293],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[21,130295,130297],{"className":23,"code":130296,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[28,130298,130299,130321,130335,130361,130375],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130300,130301,130303,130305,130307,130309,130311,130313,130315,130317,130319],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130302,134],{"class":133},[31,130304,137],{"class":41},[31,130306,35313],{"class":140},[31,130308,70],{"class":41},[31,130310,128962],{"class":140},[31,130312,137],{"class":41},[31,130314,370],{"class":259},[31,130316,38996],{"class":263},[31,130318,370],{"class":259},[31,130320,1569],{"class":41},[31,130322,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130324,134],{"class":133},[31,130326,137],{"class":41},[31,130328,42385],{"class":133},[31,130330,137],{"class":41},[31,130332,35313],{"class":140},[31,130334,1569],{"class":41},[31,130336,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,130338,134],{"class":133},[31,130340,137],{"class":41},[31,130342,35313],{"class":140},[31,130344,70],{"class":41},[31,130346,9231],{"class":140},[31,130348,9228],{"class":41},[31,130350,128962],{"class":140},[31,130352,137],{"class":41},[31,130354,370],{"class":259},[31,130356,38996],{"class":263},[31,130358,370],{"class":259},[31,130360,1569],{"class":41},[31,130362,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,130364,134],{"class":133},[31,130366,137],{"class":41},[31,130368,2408],{"class":133},[31,130370,137],{"class":41},[31,130372,35313],{"class":140},[31,130374,1569],{"class":41},[31,130376,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,130378,134],{"class":133},[31,130380,137],{"class":41},[31,130382,35313],{"class":140},[31,130384,70],{"class":41},[31,130386,128962],{"class":140},[31,130388,137],{"class":41},[31,130390,370],{"class":259},[31,130392,38996],{"class":263},[31,130394,370],{"class":259},[31,130396,99],{"class":41},[31,130398,36658],{"class":140},[31,130400,99],{"class":41},[31,130402,65649],{"class":140},[31,130404,1569],{"class":41},[14,130406,130407],{},"These help you check:",[228,130409,130410,130415,130420,130425,130428],{},[231,130411,130412,130413],{},"The actual result from ",[28,130414,124932],{},[231,130416,130417,130418],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[28,130419,123151],{},[231,130421,130422,130423],{},"Case differences with ",[28,130424,124667],{},[231,130426,130427],{},"The string length",[231,130429,130430,130431,4975,130433,130435],{},"Whether your ",[28,130432,45],{},[28,130434,53269],{}," values are correct",[72,130437,2435],{"id":2434},[613,130439,130441,130442,130444],{"id":130440},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[28,130443,124932],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,130446,5730,130447,70],{},[28,130448,66462],{},[613,130450,13299,130452,130454],{"id":130451},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[28,130453,124932],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,130456,130457],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[613,130459,130461,130462,125273],{"id":130460},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[28,130463,124932],{},[14,130465,130466],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[613,130468,5762,130470,4975,130472,70263],{"id":130469},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[28,130471,124932],{},[28,130473,59577],{},[14,130475,130476,2972,130478,130480,130481,53103,130483,70],{},[28,130477,124932],{},[28,130479,66462],{}," if not found, while ",[28,130482,59577],{},[28,130484,41309],{},[613,130486,28930,130488,130490],{"id":130487},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[28,130489,124932],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,130492,130493,130494,4975,130496,66761],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[28,130495,45],{},[28,130497,53269],{},[72,130499,2475],{"id":2474},[228,130501,130502,130508,130514,130521,130527,130534,130538,130543],{},[231,130503,130504],{},[264,130505,126937,130506,11333],{"href":124957},[28,130507,59577],{},[231,130509,130510],{},[264,130511,126937,130512,11333],{"href":129624},[28,130513,61140],{},[231,130515,130516],{},[264,130517,126937,130519,11333],{"href":130518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[28,130520,125108],{},[231,130522,130523],{},[264,130524,126937,130525,11333],{"href":128302},[28,130526,128305],{},[231,130528,130529],{},[264,130530,126937,130532,11333],{"href":130531},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[28,130533,126995],{},[231,130535,130536],{},[264,130537,125336],{"href":124192},[231,130539,130540],{},[264,130541,130542],{"href":129620},"How to split a string in Python",[231,130544,130545],{},[264,130546,26723,130547],{"href":74087},[28,130548,129908],{},[2499,130550,130551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":130553},[130554,130556,130559,130560,130561,130562,130564,130565,130566,130578],{"id":129038,"depth":123,"text":130555},"What find() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":130557},[130558],{"id":17992,"depth":130,"text":17993},{"id":38624,"depth":123,"text":38625},{"id":66014,"depth":123,"text":66797},{"id":124583,"depth":123,"text":124584},{"id":129765,"depth":123,"text":130563},"find() vs index()",{"id":41650,"depth":123,"text":41651},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":130567},[130568,130570,130572,130574,130576],{"id":130440,"depth":130,"text":130569},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130451,"depth":130,"text":130571},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130460,"depth":130,"text":130573},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130469,"depth":130,"text":130575},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130487,"depth":130,"text":130577},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128910,"description":130579},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130586,"title":130587,"body":130588,"description":132514,"extension":2542,"meta":132515,"navigation":126,"path":132516,"seo":132517,"stem":132518,"__hash__":132519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130589,"toc":132482},[130590,130595,130600,130603,130605,130681,130685,130713,130721,130725,130730,130734,130751,130753,130820,130824,130846,130854,130856,130859,130883,130886,130900,130902,130987,130991,131003,131006,131010,131016,131066,131070,131087,131096,131099,131107,131110,131159,131163,131188,131191,131246,131250,131262,131268,131272,131278,131283,131350,131354,131380,131383,131394,131396,131463,131467,131492,131499,131503,131508,131515,131523,131525,131577,131581,131599,131601,131646,131650,131665,131668,131678,131685,131687,131691,131694,131705,131707,131767,131771,131799,131802,131808,131813,131816,131820,131864,131867,131905,131908,131916,131918,131923,131927,131930,131978,131981,131984,132040,132044,132049,132052,132101,132103,132152,132158,132163,132165,132212,132216,132229,132231,132282,132288,132291,132295,132298,132304,132309,132311,132314,132386,132389,132406,132408,132413,132416,132420,132426,132432,132439,132445,132451,132453,132479],[10,130591,123937,130593,11914],{"id":130592},"python-string-format-method",[28,130594,126940],{},[14,130596,123942,130597,130599],{},[28,130598,126940],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130601,130602],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[72,130604,75],{"id":74},[21,130606,130608],{"className":23,"code":130607,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[28,130609,130610,130622,130630,130634,130671],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130611,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130613,8464],{"class":37},[31,130615,89],{"class":88},[31,130617,271],{"class":259},[31,130619,12102],{"class":263},[31,130621,3934],{"class":259},[31,130623,130624,130626,130628],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130625,22227],{"class":37},[31,130627,89],{"class":88},[31,130629,89383],{"class":95},[31,130631,130632],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,130633,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,130635,130636,130638,130640,130642,130645,130647,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,130637,90591],{"class":37},[31,130639,89],{"class":88},[31,130641,271],{"class":259},[31,130643,130644],{"class":263},"My name is ",[31,130646,4371],{"class":95},[31,130648,130649],{"class":263}," and I am ",[31,130651,4371],{"class":95},[31,130653,122933],{"class":263},[31,130655,260],{"class":259},[31,130657,70],{"class":41},[31,130659,130660],{"class":140},"format",[31,130662,137],{"class":41},[31,130664,8256],{"class":140},[31,130666,99],{"class":41},[31,130668,9780],{"class":140},[31,130670,120],{"class":41},[31,130672,130673,130675,130677,130679],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,130674,134],{"class":133},[31,130676,137],{"class":41},[31,130678,90608],{"class":140},[31,130680,120],{"class":41},[14,130682,130683],{},[67,130684,358],{},[21,130686,130688],{"className":23,"code":130687,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[28,130689,130690],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130691,130692,130695,130697,130700,130703,130706,130709,130711],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130693,130694],{"class":37},"My name ",[31,130696,12788],{"class":88},[31,130698,130699],{"class":37}," Maya ",[31,130701,130702],{"class":88},"and",[31,130704,130705],{"class":37}," I am ",[31,130707,130708],{"class":95},"12",[31,130710,122966],{"class":37},[31,130712,122969],{"class":41},[14,130714,2668,130715,130717,130718,130720],{},[28,130716,4371],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[28,130719,126940],{}," in the same order.",[14,130722,125689,130723,70],{},[264,130724,125692],{"href":51583},[72,130726,13592,130728,13595],{"id":130727},"what-the-format-method-does",[28,130729,126940],{},[14,130731,62,130732,12005],{},[28,130733,126940],{},[228,130735,130736,130739,130745,130748],{},[231,130737,130738],{},"inserts values into a string",[231,130740,130741,130742,130744],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[28,130743,4371],{}," with given values",[231,130746,130747],{},"returns a new string",[231,130749,130750],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130752,242],{},[21,130754,130756],{"className":23,"code":130755,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[28,130757,130758,130772,130795,130799,130810],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130759,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130761,35292],{"class":37},[31,130763,89],{"class":88},[31,130765,271],{"class":259},[31,130767,45509],{"class":263},[31,130769,4371],{"class":95},[31,130771,3934],{"class":259},[31,130773,130774,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130775,130776],{"class":37},"new_text ",[31,130778,89],{"class":88},[31,130780,43448],{"class":37},[31,130782,70],{"class":41},[31,130784,130660],{"class":140},[31,130786,137],{"class":41},[31,130788,260],{"class":259},[31,130790,8265],{"class":263},[31,130792,260],{"class":259},[31,130794,120],{"class":41},[31,130796,130797],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,130798,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,130800,130801,130803,130805,130808],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,130802,134],{"class":133},[31,130804,137],{"class":41},[31,130806,130807],{"class":140},"new_text",[31,130809,120],{"class":41},[31,130811,130812,130814,130816,130818],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,130813,134],{"class":133},[31,130815,137],{"class":41},[31,130817,35313],{"class":140},[31,130819,120],{"class":41},[14,130821,130822],{},[67,130823,358],{},[21,130825,130827],{"className":23,"code":130826,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[28,130828,130829,130838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130830,130831,130833,130835],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130832,35472],{"class":37},[31,130834,99],{"class":41},[31,130836,130837],{"class":37}," Sam\n",[31,130839,130840,130842,130844],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130841,35472],{"class":37},[31,130843,99],{"class":41},[31,130845,10429],{"class":41},[14,130847,2862,130848,130850,130851,130853],{},[28,130849,35313],{}," stays the same. ",[28,130852,126940],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[72,130855,2733],{"id":2732},[14,130857,130858],{},"The general form is:",[21,130860,130862],{"className":23,"code":130861,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[28,130863,130864],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130865,130866,130868,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130867,260],{"class":43935},[31,130869,130870],{"class":43939},"text {}",[31,130872,260],{"class":43935},[31,130874,70],{"class":41},[31,130876,130660],{"class":140},[31,130878,137],{"class":41},[31,130880,3049],{"class":140},[31,130882,120],{"class":41},[14,130884,130885],{},"Key idea:",[228,130887,130888,130894,130897],{},[231,130889,130890,130891,130893],{},"each ",[28,130892,4371],{}," is a placeholder",[231,130895,130896],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[231,130898,130899],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130901,242],{},[21,130903,130905],{"className":23,"code":130904,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[28,130906,130907,130920,130934,130938,130976],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130908,130909,130912,130914,130916,130918],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130910,130911],{"class":37},"animal ",[31,130913,89],{"class":88},[31,130915,271],{"class":259},[31,130917,37651],{"class":263},[31,130919,3934],{"class":259},[31,130921,130922,130925,130927,130929,130932],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,130923,130924],{"class":37},"sound ",[31,130926,89],{"class":88},[31,130928,271],{"class":259},[31,130930,130931],{"class":263},"meow",[31,130933,3934],{"class":259},[31,130935,130936],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,130937,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,130939,130940,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130969,130971,130974],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,130941,130942],{"class":37},"sentence ",[31,130944,89],{"class":88},[31,130946,271],{"class":259},[31,130948,62],{"class":263},[31,130950,4371],{"class":95},[31,130952,130953],{"class":263}," says ",[31,130955,4371],{"class":95},[31,130957,70],{"class":263},[31,130959,260],{"class":259},[31,130961,70],{"class":41},[31,130963,130660],{"class":140},[31,130965,137],{"class":41},[31,130967,130968],{"class":140},"animal",[31,130970,99],{"class":41},[31,130972,130973],{"class":140}," sound",[31,130975,120],{"class":41},[31,130977,130978,130980,130982,130985],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,130979,134],{"class":133},[31,130981,137],{"class":41},[31,130983,130984],{"class":140},"sentence",[31,130986,120],{"class":41},[14,130988,130989],{},[67,130990,358],{},[21,130992,130994],{"className":23,"code":130993,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"The cat says meow.\n",[28,130995,130996],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,130997,130998,131001],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,130999,131000],{"class":37},"The cat says meow",[31,131002,122969],{"class":41},[14,131004,131005],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[72,131007,131009],{"id":131008},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,131011,131012,131013,131015],{},"You can use empty braces ",[28,131014,4371],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[21,131017,131019],{"className":23,"code":131018,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[28,131020,131021],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131022,131023,131025,131027,131029,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131042,131044,131046,131048,131050,131053,131055,131057,131059,131062,131064],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131024,134],{"class":133},[31,131026,137],{"class":41},[31,131028,260],{"class":259},[31,131030,131031],{"class":263},"I like ",[31,131033,4371],{"class":95},[31,131035,4975],{"class":263},[31,131037,4371],{"class":95},[31,131039,70],{"class":263},[31,131041,260],{"class":259},[31,131043,70],{"class":41},[31,131045,130660],{"class":140},[31,131047,137],{"class":41},[31,131049,260],{"class":259},[31,131051,131052],{"class":263},"pizza",[31,131054,260],{"class":259},[31,131056,99],{"class":41},[31,131058,271],{"class":259},[31,131060,131061],{"class":263},"pasta",[31,131063,260],{"class":259},[31,131065,1569],{"class":41},[14,131067,131068],{},[67,131069,358],{},[21,131071,131073],{"className":23,"code":131072,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[28,131074,131075],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131076,131077,131080,131082,131085],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131078,131079],{"class":37},"I like pizza ",[31,131081,130702],{"class":88},[31,131083,131084],{"class":37}," pasta",[31,131086,122969],{"class":41},[14,131088,131089,131090,4975,131093,70],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[28,131091,131092],{},"{0}",[28,131094,131095],{},"{1}",[14,131097,131098],{},"This is helpful when:",[228,131100,131101,131104],{},[231,131102,131103],{},"you want to reuse a value",[231,131105,131106],{},"you want to change the order",[14,131108,131109],{},"Example with reused values:",[21,131111,131113],{"className":23,"code":131112,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,131114,131115,131149],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131116,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131128,131130,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131118,35292],{"class":37},[31,131120,89],{"class":88},[31,131122,271],{"class":259},[31,131124,131092],{"class":95},[31,131126,131127],{"class":263}," is learning Python. ",[31,131129,131092],{"class":95},[31,131131,131132],{"class":263}," likes coding.",[31,131134,260],{"class":259},[31,131136,70],{"class":41},[31,131138,130660],{"class":140},[31,131140,137],{"class":41},[31,131142,260],{"class":259},[31,131144,20481],{"class":263},[31,131146,260],{"class":259},[31,131148,120],{"class":41},[31,131150,131151,131153,131155,131157],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131152,134],{"class":133},[31,131154,137],{"class":41},[31,131156,35313],{"class":140},[31,131158,120],{"class":41},[14,131160,131161],{},[67,131162,358],{},[21,131164,131166],{"className":23,"code":131165,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[28,131167,131168],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131169,131170,131173,131175,131178,131180,131183,131186],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131171,131172],{"class":37},"Lina ",[31,131174,12788],{"class":88},[31,131176,131177],{"class":37}," learning Python",[31,131179,70],{"class":41},[31,131181,131182],{"class":25350}," Lina",[31,131184,131185],{"class":37}," likes coding",[31,131187,122969],{"class":41},[14,131189,131190],{},"Example with changed order:",[21,131192,131194],{"className":23,"code":131193,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,131195,131196,131236],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131197,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131199,35292],{"class":37},[31,131201,89],{"class":88},[31,131203,271],{"class":259},[31,131205,131095],{"class":95},[31,131207,83910],{"class":263},[31,131209,131092],{"class":95},[31,131211,70],{"class":263},[31,131213,260],{"class":259},[31,131215,70],{"class":41},[31,131217,130660],{"class":140},[31,131219,137],{"class":41},[31,131221,260],{"class":259},[31,131223,7171],{"class":263},[31,131225,260],{"class":259},[31,131227,99],{"class":41},[31,131229,271],{"class":259},[31,131231,79856],{"class":263},[31,131233,260],{"class":259},[31,131235,120],{"class":41},[31,131237,131238,131240,131242,131244],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131239,134],{"class":133},[31,131241,137],{"class":41},[31,131243,35313],{"class":140},[31,131245,120],{"class":41},[14,131247,131248],{},[67,131249,358],{},[21,131251,131253],{"className":23,"code":131252,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"two comes after one.\n",[28,131254,131255],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131256,131257,131260],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131258,131259],{"class":37},"two comes after one",[31,131261,122969],{"class":41},[14,131263,131264,131265,131267],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[28,131266,4371],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[72,131269,131271],{"id":131270},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,131273,131274,131275,70],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[28,131276,131277],{},"{name}",[14,131279,131280,131281,48],{},"You pass matching names into ",[28,131282,126940],{},[21,131284,131286],{"className":23,"code":131285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,131287,131288,131340],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131289,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131303,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131291,35292],{"class":37},[31,131293,89],{"class":88},[31,131295,271],{"class":259},[31,131297,130644],{"class":263},[31,131299,131277],{"class":95},[31,131301,131302],{"class":263}," and I live in ",[31,131304,131305],{"class":95},"{city}",[31,131307,70],{"class":263},[31,131309,260],{"class":259},[31,131311,70],{"class":41},[31,131313,130660],{"class":140},[31,131315,137],{"class":41},[31,131317,8256],{"class":9767},[31,131319,89],{"class":88},[31,131321,260],{"class":259},[31,131323,13476],{"class":263},[31,131325,260],{"class":259},[31,131327,99],{"class":41},[31,131329,31988],{"class":9767},[31,131331,89],{"class":88},[31,131333,260],{"class":259},[31,131335,16628],{"class":263},[31,131337,260],{"class":259},[31,131339,120],{"class":41},[31,131341,131342,131344,131346,131348],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131343,134],{"class":133},[31,131345,137],{"class":41},[31,131347,35313],{"class":140},[31,131349,120],{"class":41},[14,131351,131352],{},[67,131353,358],{},[21,131355,131357],{"className":23,"code":131356,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[28,131358,131359],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131360,131361,131363,131365,131368,131370,131373,131375,131378],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131362,130694],{"class":37},[31,131364,12788],{"class":88},[31,131366,131367],{"class":37}," Ana ",[31,131369,130702],{"class":88},[31,131371,131372],{"class":37}," I live ",[31,131374,4464],{"class":88},[31,131376,131377],{"class":37}," Lima",[31,131379,122969],{"class":41},[14,131381,131382],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[228,131384,131385,131388,131391],{},[231,131386,131387],{},"they make code easier to read",[231,131389,131390],{},"they help when a string has many values",[231,131392,131393],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,131395,242],{},[21,131397,131399],{"className":23,"code":131398,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[28,131400,131401,131453],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131402,131403,131406,131408,131410,131413,131416,131419,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131439,131441,131443,131446,131448,131451],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131404,131405],{"class":37},"report ",[31,131407,89],{"class":88},[31,131409,271],{"class":259},[31,131411,131412],{"class":263},"Student: ",[31,131414,131415],{"class":95},"{student}",[31,131417,131418],{"class":263},", Score: ",[31,131420,131421],{"class":95},"{score}",[31,131423,260],{"class":259},[31,131425,70],{"class":41},[31,131427,130660],{"class":140},[31,131429,137],{"class":41},[31,131431,14223],{"class":9767},[31,131433,89],{"class":88},[31,131435,260],{"class":259},[31,131437,131438],{"class":263},"Noah",[31,131440,260],{"class":259},[31,131442,99],{"class":41},[31,131444,131445],{"class":9767}," score",[31,131447,89],{"class":88},[31,131449,131450],{"class":95},"95",[31,131452,120],{"class":41},[31,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131456,134],{"class":133},[31,131458,137],{"class":41},[31,131460,128650],{"class":140},[31,131462,120],{"class":41},[14,131464,131465],{},[67,131466,358],{},[21,131468,131470],{"className":23,"code":131469,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[28,131471,131472],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131473,131474,131477,131479,131482,131484,131487,131489],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131475,131476],{"class":37},"Student",[31,131478,48],{"class":41},[31,131480,131481],{"class":37}," Noah",[31,131483,99],{"class":41},[31,131485,131486],{"class":37}," Score",[31,131488,48],{"class":41},[31,131490,131491],{"class":95}," 95\n",[14,131493,131494,131495,70],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[264,131496,4152,131497,4085],{"href":42781},[28,131498,48292],{},[72,131500,131502],{"id":131501},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,131504,131505,131507],{},[28,131506,126940],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,131509,131510,131511,131514],{},"A common example is ",[28,131512,131513],{},":.2f",", which means:",[228,131516,131517,131520],{},[231,131518,131519],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[231,131521,131522],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131524,242],{},[21,131526,131528],{"className":23,"code":131527,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[28,131529,131530,131538,131567],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131531,131532,131534,131536],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131533,40992],{"class":37},[31,131535,89],{"class":88},[31,131537,49884],{"class":95},[31,131539,131540,131542,131544,131546,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131541,35292],{"class":37},[31,131543,89],{"class":88},[31,131545,271],{"class":259},[31,131547,131548],{"class":263},"Price: $",[31,131550,9869],{"class":95},[31,131552,131513],{"class":1596},[31,131554,22902],{"class":95},[31,131556,260],{"class":259},[31,131558,70],{"class":41},[31,131560,130660],{"class":140},[31,131562,137],{"class":41},[31,131564,25750],{"class":140},[31,131566,120],{"class":41},[31,131568,131569,131571,131573,131575],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,131570,134],{"class":133},[31,131572,137],{"class":41},[31,131574,35313],{"class":140},[31,131576,120],{"class":41},[14,131578,131579],{},[67,131580,358],{},[21,131582,131584],{"className":23,"code":131583,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Price: $3.50\n",[28,131585,131586],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131587,131588,131591,131593,131596],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131589,131590],{"class":37},"Price",[31,131592,48],{"class":41},[31,131594,131595],{"class":37971}," $",[31,131597,131598],{"class":95},"3.50\n",[14,131600,52688],{},[21,131602,131604],{"className":23,"code":131603,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[28,131605,131606,131616],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131607,131608,131611,131613],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131609,131610],{"class":37},"average ",[31,131612,89],{"class":88},[31,131614,131615],{"class":95}," 91.236\n",[31,131617,131618,131620,131622,131624,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131644],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131619,134],{"class":133},[31,131621,137],{"class":41},[31,131623,260],{"class":259},[31,131625,131626],{"class":263},"Average: ",[31,131628,9869],{"class":95},[31,131630,131513],{"class":1596},[31,131632,22902],{"class":95},[31,131634,260],{"class":259},[31,131636,70],{"class":41},[31,131638,130660],{"class":140},[31,131640,137],{"class":41},[31,131642,131643],{"class":140},"average",[31,131645,1569],{"class":41},[14,131647,131648],{},[67,131649,358],{},[21,131651,131653],{"className":23,"code":131652,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Average: 91.24\n",[28,131654,131655],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131656,131657,131660,131662],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131658,131659],{"class":37},"Average",[31,131661,48],{"class":41},[31,131663,131664],{"class":95}," 91.24\n",[14,131666,131667],{},"This is useful for:",[228,131669,131670,131672,131675],{},[231,131671,83668],{},[231,131673,131674],{},"averages",[231,131676,131677],{},"percentages",[14,131679,131680,131681,70],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[264,131682,4152,131683,2879],{"href":47057},[28,131684,47060],{},[72,131686,18017],{"id":18016},[14,131688,131689,93105],{},[28,131690,126940],{},[14,131692,131693],{},"That means you can:",[228,131695,131696,131699,131702],{},[231,131697,131698],{},"save it in a variable",[231,131700,131701],{},"print it directly",[231,131703,131704],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131706,242],{},[21,131708,131710],{"className":23,"code":131709,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[28,131711,131712,131743,131753],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131713,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736,131739,131741],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131715,90591],{"class":37},[31,131717,89],{"class":88},[31,131719,271],{"class":259},[31,131721,45509],{"class":263},[31,131723,4371],{"class":95},[31,131725,90432],{"class":263},[31,131727,260],{"class":259},[31,131729,70],{"class":41},[31,131731,130660],{"class":140},[31,131733,137],{"class":41},[31,131735,260],{"class":259},[31,131737,131738],{"class":263},"Chris",[31,131740,260],{"class":259},[31,131742,120],{"class":41},[31,131744,131745,131747,131749,131751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131746,134],{"class":133},[31,131748,137],{"class":41},[31,131750,90608],{"class":140},[31,131752,120],{"class":41},[31,131754,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,131756,134],{"class":133},[31,131758,137],{"class":41},[31,131760,1562],{"class":1561},[31,131762,137],{"class":41},[31,131764,90608],{"class":140},[31,131766,1569],{"class":41},[14,131768,131769],{},[67,131770,358],{},[21,131772,131774],{"className":23,"code":131773,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[28,131775,131776,131785],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131777,131778,131780,131782],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131779,35472],{"class":37},[31,131781,99],{"class":41},[31,131783,131784],{"class":37}," Chris!\n",[31,131786,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131788,1593],{"class":88},[31,131790,1597],{"class":1596},[31,131792,379],{"class":259},[31,131794,4019],{"class":263},[31,131796,370],{"class":259},[31,131798,1606],{"class":88},[14,131800,131801],{},"The original string is not changed.",[72,131803,131805,131807],{"id":131804},"format-vs-f-strings",[28,131806,126940],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131809,131810,131812],{},[28,131811,126940],{}," is a string method.",[14,131814,131815],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131817,46648,131818,48],{},[28,131819,126940],{},[21,131821,131823],{"className":23,"code":131822,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[28,131824,131825,131838],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131826,131827,131829,131831,131833,131836],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131828,8464],{"class":37},[31,131830,89],{"class":88},[31,131832,271],{"class":259},[31,131834,131835],{"class":263},"Rita",[31,131837,3934],{"class":259},[31,131839,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131841,134],{"class":133},[31,131843,137],{"class":41},[31,131845,260],{"class":259},[31,131847,45509],{"class":263},[31,131849,4371],{"class":95},[31,131851,90432],{"class":263},[31,131853,260],{"class":259},[31,131855,70],{"class":41},[31,131857,130660],{"class":140},[31,131859,137],{"class":41},[31,131861,8256],{"class":140},[31,131863,1569],{"class":41},[14,131865,131866],{},"Example with an f-string:",[21,131868,131870],{"className":23,"code":131869,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[28,131871,131872,131884],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131873,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131875,8464],{"class":37},[31,131877,89],{"class":88},[31,131879,271],{"class":259},[31,131881,131835],{"class":263},[31,131883,3934],{"class":259},[31,131885,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900,131903],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131887,134],{"class":133},[31,131889,137],{"class":41},[31,131891,22893],{"class":1596},[31,131893,43953],{"class":263},[31,131895,9869],{"class":95},[31,131897,8256],{"class":140},[31,131899,22902],{"class":95},[31,131901,131902],{"class":263},"!\"",[31,131904,120],{"class":41},[14,131906,131907],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131909,131910,131911,131913,131914,70],{},"This page focuses on how ",[28,131912,126940],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[264,131915,90277],{"href":90276},[72,131917,3407],{"id":3406},[14,131919,131920,131921,70],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[28,131922,126940],{},[613,131924,131926],{"id":131925},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131928,131929],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[21,131931,131933],{"className":23,"code":131932,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,131934,131935,131968],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131936,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131938,35292],{"class":37},[31,131940,89],{"class":88},[31,131942,271],{"class":259},[31,131944,45509],{"class":263},[31,131946,4371],{"class":95},[31,131948,131949],{"class":95}," {}",[31,131951,90432],{"class":263},[31,131953,260],{"class":259},[31,131955,70],{"class":41},[31,131957,130660],{"class":140},[31,131959,137],{"class":41},[31,131961,260],{"class":259},[31,131963,8265],{"class":263},[31,131965,260],{"class":259},[31,131967,120],{"class":41},[31,131969,131970,131972,131974,131976],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,131971,134],{"class":133},[31,131973,137],{"class":41},[31,131975,35313],{"class":140},[31,131977,120],{"class":41},[14,131979,131980],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131982,131983],{},"Fixed version:",[21,131985,131987],{"className":23,"code":131986,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,131988,131989,132030],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132026,132028],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,131992,35292],{"class":37},[31,131994,89],{"class":88},[31,131996,271],{"class":259},[31,131998,45509],{"class":263},[31,132000,4371],{"class":95},[31,132002,131949],{"class":95},[31,132004,90432],{"class":263},[31,132006,260],{"class":259},[31,132008,70],{"class":41},[31,132010,130660],{"class":140},[31,132012,137],{"class":41},[31,132014,260],{"class":259},[31,132016,8265],{"class":263},[31,132018,260],{"class":259},[31,132020,99],{"class":41},[31,132022,271],{"class":259},[31,132024,132025],{"class":263},"Lee",[31,132027,260],{"class":259},[31,132029,120],{"class":41},[31,132031,132032,132034,132036,132038],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132033,134],{"class":133},[31,132035,137],{"class":41},[31,132037,35313],{"class":140},[31,132039,120],{"class":41},[613,132041,132043],{"id":132042},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,132045,132046,132047,70],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[28,132048,126940],{},[14,132050,132051],{},"Problem:",[21,132053,132055],{"className":23,"code":132054,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,132056,132057,132091],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132058,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132060,35292],{"class":37},[31,132062,89],{"class":88},[31,132064,271],{"class":259},[31,132066,45509],{"class":263},[31,132068,131277],{"class":95},[31,132070,90432],{"class":263},[31,132072,260],{"class":259},[31,132074,70],{"class":41},[31,132076,130660],{"class":140},[31,132078,137],{"class":41},[31,132080,8573],{"class":9767},[31,132082,89],{"class":88},[31,132084,260],{"class":259},[31,132086,8265],{"class":263},[31,132088,260],{"class":259},[31,132090,120],{"class":41},[31,132092,132093,132095,132097,132099],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132094,134],{"class":133},[31,132096,137],{"class":41},[31,132098,35313],{"class":140},[31,132100,120],{"class":41},[14,132102,131983],{},[21,132104,132106],{"className":23,"code":132105,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,132107,132108,132142],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132109,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132111,35292],{"class":37},[31,132113,89],{"class":88},[31,132115,271],{"class":259},[31,132117,45509],{"class":263},[31,132119,131277],{"class":95},[31,132121,90432],{"class":263},[31,132123,260],{"class":259},[31,132125,70],{"class":41},[31,132127,130660],{"class":140},[31,132129,137],{"class":41},[31,132131,8256],{"class":9767},[31,132133,89],{"class":88},[31,132135,260],{"class":259},[31,132137,8265],{"class":263},[31,132139,260],{"class":259},[31,132141,120],{"class":41},[31,132143,132144,132146,132148,132150],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132145,134],{"class":133},[31,132147,137],{"class":41},[31,132149,35313],{"class":140},[31,132151,120],{"class":41},[613,132153,9043,132155,132157],{"id":132154},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[28,132156,126940],{}," to change the original string",[14,132159,132160,132162],{},[28,132161,126940],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,132164,132051],{},[21,132166,132168],{"className":23,"code":132167,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,132169,132170,132184,132202],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132171,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132173,35292],{"class":37},[31,132175,89],{"class":88},[31,132177,271],{"class":259},[31,132179,45509],{"class":263},[31,132181,4371],{"class":95},[31,132183,3934],{"class":259},[31,132185,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132187,35313],{"class":37},[31,132189,70],{"class":41},[31,132191,130660],{"class":140},[31,132193,137],{"class":41},[31,132195,260],{"class":259},[31,132197,8265],{"class":263},[31,132199,260],{"class":259},[31,132201,120],{"class":41},[31,132203,132204,132206,132208,132210],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,132205,134],{"class":133},[31,132207,137],{"class":41},[31,132209,35313],{"class":140},[31,132211,120],{"class":41},[14,132213,132214],{},[67,132215,358],{},[21,132217,132219],{"className":23,"code":132218,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello, {}\n",[28,132220,132221],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132222,132223,132225,132227],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132224,35472],{"class":37},[31,132226,99],{"class":41},[31,132228,10429],{"class":41},[14,132230,131983],{},[21,132232,132234],{"className":23,"code":132233,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,132235,132236,132250,132272],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132237,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132239,35292],{"class":37},[31,132241,89],{"class":88},[31,132243,271],{"class":259},[31,132245,45509],{"class":263},[31,132247,4371],{"class":95},[31,132249,3934],{"class":259},[31,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132253,35292],{"class":37},[31,132255,89],{"class":88},[31,132257,43448],{"class":37},[31,132259,70],{"class":41},[31,132261,130660],{"class":140},[31,132263,137],{"class":41},[31,132265,260],{"class":259},[31,132267,8265],{"class":263},[31,132269,260],{"class":259},[31,132271,120],{"class":41},[31,132273,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,132275,134],{"class":133},[31,132277,137],{"class":41},[31,132279,35313],{"class":140},[31,132281,120],{"class":41},[613,132283,5287,132285,132287],{"id":132284},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[28,132286,126940],{}," returns a new string",[14,132289,132290],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[613,132292,132294],{"id":132293},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,132296,132297],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,132299,132300,132301,132303],{},"Use simple ",[28,132302,4371],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,132305,132306,132307,70],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[264,132308,90990],{"href":90989},[72,132310,68503],{"id":68502},[14,132312,132313],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[21,132315,132317],{"className":23,"code":132316,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[28,132318,132319,132329,132343,132372],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132320,132321,132323,132325,132327],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132322,134],{"class":133},[31,132324,137],{"class":41},[31,132326,35313],{"class":140},[31,132328,120],{"class":41},[31,132330,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132332,134],{"class":133},[31,132334,137],{"class":41},[31,132336,1562],{"class":1561},[31,132338,137],{"class":41},[31,132340,3049],{"class":140},[31,132342,1569],{"class":41},[31,132344,132345,132347,132349,132351,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,132346,134],{"class":133},[31,132348,137],{"class":41},[31,132350,260],{"class":259},[31,132352,132353],{"class":263},"Hello ",[31,132355,4371],{"class":95},[31,132357,260],{"class":259},[31,132359,70],{"class":41},[31,132361,130660],{"class":140},[31,132363,137],{"class":41},[31,132365,260],{"class":259},[31,132367,8265],{"class":263},[31,132369,260],{"class":259},[31,132371,1569],{"class":41},[31,132373,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,132375,32756],{"class":133},[31,132377,137],{"class":41},[31,132379,4019],{"class":1561},[31,132381,70],{"class":41},[31,132383,130660],{"class":25350},[31,132385,120],{"class":41},[14,132387,132388],{},"Use them to check:",[228,132390,132391,132394,132397,132400],{},[231,132392,132393],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[231,132395,132396],{},"what type your value has",[231,132398,132399],{},"whether a small test example works",[231,132401,132402,132403],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[28,132404,132405],{},"str.format",[72,132407,2435],{"id":2434},[613,132409,130441,132411,13311],{"id":132410},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[28,132412,126940],{},[14,132414,132415],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[613,132417,132419],{"id":132418},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,132421,132422,132423,132425],{},"No. You can use plain ",[28,132424,4371],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[613,132427,132429,132430,2466],{"id":132428},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[28,132431,126940],{},[14,132433,132434,132435,132438],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[28,132436,132437],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[613,132440,15501,132442,132444],{"id":132441},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[28,132443,126940],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,132446,132447,132448,132450],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[28,132449,126940],{}," is still useful and common.",[72,132452,2475],{"id":2474},[228,132454,132455,132459,132463,132469,132475],{},[231,132456,132457],{},[264,132458,125692],{"href":51583},[231,132460,132461],{},[264,132462,91267],{"href":90276},[231,132464,132465],{},[264,132466,4152,132467,4085],{"href":47057},[28,132468,47060],{},[231,132470,132471],{},[264,132472,4152,132473,4085],{"href":42781},[28,132474,48292],{},[231,132476,132477],{},[264,132478,90990],{"href":90989},[2499,132480,132481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":132483},[132484,132485,132487,132488,132489,132490,132491,132492,132494,132503,132504,132513],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":130727,"depth":123,"text":132486},"What the format() method does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":131008,"depth":123,"text":131009},{"id":131270,"depth":123,"text":131271},{"id":131501,"depth":123,"text":131502},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":131804,"depth":123,"text":132493},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":132495},[132496,132497,132498,132500,132502],{"id":131925,"depth":130,"text":131926},{"id":132042,"depth":130,"text":132043},{"id":132154,"depth":130,"text":132499},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132284,"depth":130,"text":132501},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132293,"depth":130,"text":132294},{"id":68502,"depth":123,"text":68503},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":132505},[132506,132508,132509,132511],{"id":132410,"depth":130,"text":132507},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132418,"depth":130,"text":132419},{"id":132428,"depth":130,"text":132510},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132441,"depth":130,"text":132512},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130587,"description":132514},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132521,"title":132522,"body":132523,"description":134002,"extension":2542,"meta":134003,"navigation":126,"path":134004,"seo":134005,"stem":134006,"__hash__":134007},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132524,"toc":133974},[132525,132530,132535,132540,132542,132604,132611,132617,132622,132624,132640,132642,132713,132715,132729,132732,132782,132784,132786,132813,132816,132831,132834,132875,132878,132923,132930,132979,132981,132989,132991,133008,133010,133103,133111,133152,133157,133164,133170,133177,133180,133184,133285,133287,133309,133313,133366,133369,133372,133378,133385,133387,133426,133428,133446,133456,133463,133546,133549,133556,133563,133570,133574,133582,133628,133632,133641,133706,133711,133716,133727,133729,133734,133761,133763,133866,133869,133889,133891,133896,133899,133903,133907,133914,133923,133929,133932,133938,133940,133942,133971],[10,132526,123937,132528,11914],{"id":132527},"python-string-index-method",[28,132529,59577],{},[14,132531,123942,132532,132534],{},[28,132533,59577],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132536,132537,132538,70],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[28,132539,41309],{},[72,132541,75],{"id":74},[21,132543,132545],{"className":23,"code":132544,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[28,132546,132547,132559,132581,132591,132595,132599],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132548,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132550,35292],{"class":37},[31,132552,89],{"class":88},[31,132554,271],{"class":259},[31,132556,61016],{"class":263},[31,132558,3934],{"class":259},[31,132560,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132562,65528],{"class":37},[31,132564,89],{"class":88},[31,132566,43448],{"class":37},[31,132568,70],{"class":41},[31,132570,36452],{"class":140},[31,132572,137],{"class":41},[31,132574,260],{"class":259},[31,132576,61200],{"class":263},[31,132578,260],{"class":259},[31,132580,120],{"class":41},[31,132582,132583,132585,132587,132589],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,132584,134],{"class":133},[31,132586,137],{"class":41},[31,132588,65555],{"class":140},[31,132590,120],{"class":41},[31,132592,132593],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,132594,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,132596,132597],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,132598,91408],{"class":157},[31,132600,132601],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,132602,132603],{"class":157},"# 6\n",[14,132605,2668,132606,132608,132609,70],{},[28,132607,59577],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[28,132610,41309],{},[72,132612,4255,132614,4258],{"id":132613},"what-strindex-does",[28,132615,132616],{},"str.index()",[14,132618,132619,132621],{},[28,132620,132616],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132623,13648],{},[228,132625,132626,132629,132632,132635],{},[231,132627,132628],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[231,132630,132631],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[231,132633,132634],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[231,132636,30896,132637,132639],{},[28,132638,41309],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132641,242],{},[21,132643,132645],{"className":23,"code":132644,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[28,132646,132647,132659,132663,132688],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132648,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132650,35292],{"class":37},[31,132652,89],{"class":88},[31,132654,271],{"class":259},[31,132656,4669],{"class":263},[31,132658,3934],{"class":259},[31,132660,132661],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132662,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,132664,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,132666,134],{"class":133},[31,132668,137],{"class":41},[31,132670,35313],{"class":140},[31,132672,70],{"class":41},[31,132674,36452],{"class":140},[31,132676,137],{"class":41},[31,132678,260],{"class":259},[31,132680,264],{"class":263},[31,132682,260],{"class":259},[31,132684,5945],{"class":41},[31,132686,132687],{"class":157},"     # 1\n",[31,132689,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,132691,134],{"class":133},[31,132693,137],{"class":41},[31,132695,35313],{"class":140},[31,132697,70],{"class":41},[31,132699,36452],{"class":140},[31,132701,137],{"class":41},[31,132703,260],{"class":259},[31,132705,124030],{"class":263},[31,132707,260],{"class":259},[31,132709,5945],{"class":41},[31,132711,132712],{"class":157},"    # 2\n",[14,132714,2755],{},[228,132716,132717,132723],{},[231,132718,132719,129150,132721],{},[28,132720,18695],{},[28,132722,146],{},[231,132724,132725,129150,132727],{},[28,132726,129149],{},[28,132728,193],{},[14,132730,132731],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[21,132733,132735],{"className":23,"code":132734,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[28,132736,132737,132749,132753,132777],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132738,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132740,35292],{"class":37},[31,132742,89],{"class":88},[31,132744,271],{"class":259},[31,132746,35472],{"class":263},[31,132748,3934],{"class":259},[31,132750,132751],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132752,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,132754,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,132756,134],{"class":133},[31,132758,137],{"class":41},[31,132760,35313],{"class":140},[31,132762,70],{"class":41},[31,132764,36452],{"class":140},[31,132766,137],{"class":41},[31,132768,260],{"class":259},[31,132770,51799],{"class":263},[31,132772,260],{"class":259},[31,132774,5945],{"class":41},[31,132776,21366],{"class":157},[31,132778,132779],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,132780,132781],{"class":157},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[72,132783,2733],{"id":2732},[14,132785,2736],{},[21,132787,132789],{"className":23,"code":132788,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[28,132790,132791],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132792,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132794,61782],{"class":37},[31,132796,70],{"class":41},[31,132798,36452],{"class":140},[31,132800,137],{"class":41},[31,132802,3049],{"class":140},[31,132804,99],{"class":41},[31,132806,36658],{"class":140},[31,132808,99],{"class":41},[31,132810,65649],{"class":140},[31,132812,120],{"class":41},[14,132814,132815],{},"Parameters:",[228,132817,132818,132822,132826],{},[231,132819,132820,124129],{},[28,132821,3049],{},[231,132823,132824,129196],{},[28,132825,45],{},[231,132827,132828,132830],{},[28,132829,53269],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132832,132833],{},"You can use just the value:",[21,132835,132837],{"className":23,"code":132836,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[28,132838,132839,132851],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132840,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132842,35292],{"class":37},[31,132844,89],{"class":88},[31,132846,271],{"class":259},[31,132848,25],{"class":263},[31,132850,3934],{"class":259},[31,132852,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132854,134],{"class":133},[31,132856,137],{"class":41},[31,132858,35313],{"class":140},[31,132860,70],{"class":41},[31,132862,36452],{"class":140},[31,132864,137],{"class":41},[31,132866,260],{"class":259},[31,132868,63895],{"class":263},[31,132870,260],{"class":259},[31,132872,5945],{"class":41},[31,132874,52023],{"class":157},[14,132876,132877],{},"Or include a start position:",[21,132879,132881],{"className":23,"code":132880,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[28,132882,132883,132895],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132884,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132886,35292],{"class":37},[31,132888,89],{"class":88},[31,132890,271],{"class":259},[31,132892,4669],{"class":263},[31,132894,3934],{"class":259},[31,132896,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132898,134],{"class":133},[31,132900,137],{"class":41},[31,132902,35313],{"class":140},[31,132904,70],{"class":41},[31,132906,36452],{"class":140},[31,132908,137],{"class":41},[31,132910,260],{"class":259},[31,132912,264],{"class":263},[31,132914,260],{"class":259},[31,132916,99],{"class":41},[31,132918,3571],{"class":95},[31,132920,5945],{"class":41},[31,132922,51379],{"class":157},[14,132924,132925,132926,4975,132928,48],{},"Or include both ",[28,132927,45],{},[28,132929,53269],{},[21,132931,132933],{"className":23,"code":132932,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[28,132934,132935,132947],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,132936,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,132938,35292],{"class":37},[31,132940,89],{"class":88},[31,132942,271],{"class":259},[31,132944,4669],{"class":263},[31,132946,3934],{"class":259},[31,132948,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,132950,134],{"class":133},[31,132952,137],{"class":41},[31,132954,35313],{"class":140},[31,132956,70],{"class":41},[31,132958,36452],{"class":140},[31,132960,137],{"class":41},[31,132962,260],{"class":259},[31,132964,264],{"class":263},[31,132966,260],{"class":259},[31,132968,99],{"class":41},[31,132970,3571],{"class":95},[31,132972,99],{"class":41},[31,132974,5187],{"class":95},[31,132976,5945],{"class":41},[31,132978,51379],{"class":157},[72,132980,38625],{"id":38624},[14,132982,29310,132983,132985,132986,70],{},[28,132984,59577],{}," is a ",[67,132987,132988],{},"zero-based index",[14,132990,2683],{},[228,132992,132993,132998,133003],{},[231,132994,2092,132995,132997],{},[28,132996,1243],{}," is the first character",[231,132999,2092,133000,133002],{},[28,133001,146],{}," is the second character",[231,133004,2092,133005,133007],{},[28,133006,193],{}," is the third character",[14,133009,242],{},[21,133011,133013],{"className":23,"code":133012,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[28,133014,133015,133027,133031,133055,133079],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133016,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133018,35292],{"class":37},[31,133020,89],{"class":88},[31,133022,271],{"class":259},[31,133024,37651],{"class":263},[31,133026,3934],{"class":259},[31,133028,133029],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133030,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,133032,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133034,134],{"class":133},[31,133036,137],{"class":41},[31,133038,35313],{"class":140},[31,133040,70],{"class":41},[31,133042,36452],{"class":140},[31,133044,137],{"class":41},[31,133046,260],{"class":259},[31,133048,283],{"class":263},[31,133050,260],{"class":259},[31,133052,5945],{"class":41},[31,133054,51855],{"class":157},[31,133056,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,133058,134],{"class":133},[31,133060,137],{"class":41},[31,133062,35313],{"class":140},[31,133064,70],{"class":41},[31,133066,36452],{"class":140},[31,133068,137],{"class":41},[31,133070,260],{"class":259},[31,133072,264],{"class":263},[31,133074,260],{"class":259},[31,133076,5945],{"class":41},[31,133078,28381],{"class":157},[31,133080,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133101],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,133082,134],{"class":133},[31,133084,137],{"class":41},[31,133086,35313],{"class":140},[31,133088,70],{"class":41},[31,133090,36452],{"class":140},[31,133092,137],{"class":41},[31,133094,260],{"class":259},[31,133096,63895],{"class":263},[31,133098,260],{"class":259},[31,133100,5945],{"class":41},[31,133102,52023],{"class":157},[14,133104,133105,133107,133108,133110],{},[28,133106,59577],{}," returns only the ",[67,133109,30511],{}," matching position.",[21,133112,133114],{"className":23,"code":133113,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[28,133115,133116,133128],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133117,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133119,35292],{"class":37},[31,133121,89],{"class":88},[31,133123,271],{"class":259},[31,133125,4669],{"class":263},[31,133127,3934],{"class":259},[31,133129,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133131,134],{"class":133},[31,133133,137],{"class":41},[31,133135,35313],{"class":140},[31,133137,70],{"class":41},[31,133139,36452],{"class":140},[31,133141,137],{"class":41},[31,133143,260],{"class":259},[31,133145,264],{"class":263},[31,133147,260],{"class":259},[31,133149,5945],{"class":41},[31,133151,28381],{"class":157},[14,133153,21576,133154,133156],{},[28,133155,18695],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,133158,133159,133160,70],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[264,133161,133162,11333],{"href":125387},[28,133163,59199],{},[72,133165,9007,133166,4975,133168],{"id":66014},[28,133167,45],{},[28,133169,53269],{},[14,133171,62,133172,4975,133174,133176],{},[28,133173,45],{},[28,133175,53269],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,133178,133179],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,133181,46648,133182,48],{},[28,133183,45],{},[21,133185,133187],{"className":23,"code":133186,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[28,133188,133189,133201,133205,133229,133257],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133190,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133192,35292],{"class":37},[31,133194,89],{"class":88},[31,133196,271],{"class":259},[31,133198,4669],{"class":263},[31,133200,3934],{"class":259},[31,133202,133203],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133204,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,133206,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133208,134],{"class":133},[31,133210,137],{"class":41},[31,133212,35313],{"class":140},[31,133214,70],{"class":41},[31,133216,36452],{"class":140},[31,133218,137],{"class":41},[31,133220,260],{"class":259},[31,133222,264],{"class":263},[31,133224,260],{"class":259},[31,133226,5945],{"class":41},[31,133228,51728],{"class":157},[31,133230,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,133232,134],{"class":133},[31,133234,137],{"class":41},[31,133236,35313],{"class":140},[31,133238,70],{"class":41},[31,133240,36452],{"class":140},[31,133242,137],{"class":41},[31,133244,260],{"class":259},[31,133246,264],{"class":263},[31,133248,260],{"class":259},[31,133250,99],{"class":41},[31,133252,3571],{"class":95},[31,133254,5945],{"class":41},[31,133256,51577],{"class":157},[31,133258,133259,133261,133263,133265,133267,133269,133271,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,133260,134],{"class":133},[31,133262,137],{"class":41},[31,133264,35313],{"class":140},[31,133266,70],{"class":41},[31,133268,36452],{"class":140},[31,133270,137],{"class":41},[31,133272,260],{"class":259},[31,133274,264],{"class":263},[31,133276,260],{"class":259},[31,133278,99],{"class":41},[31,133280,3033],{"class":95},[31,133282,5945],{"class":41},[31,133284,51362],{"class":157},[14,133286,20556],{},[228,133288,133289,133296,133302],{},[231,133290,133291,133292,66204,133294],{},"The first search finds the first ",[28,133293,18695],{},[28,133295,146],{},[231,133297,133298,133299,133301],{},"Starting at index ",[28,133300,193],{}," skips that first match",[231,133303,133298,133304,133306,133307],{},[28,133305,151],{}," finds the last ",[28,133308,18695],{},[14,133310,46648,133311,48],{},[28,133312,53269],{},[21,133314,133316],{"className":23,"code":133315,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[28,133317,133318,133330,133334],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133319,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133321,35292],{"class":37},[31,133323,89],{"class":88},[31,133325,271],{"class":259},[31,133327,4669],{"class":263},[31,133329,3934],{"class":259},[31,133331,133332],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133333,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,133335,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133337,134],{"class":133},[31,133339,137],{"class":41},[31,133341,35313],{"class":140},[31,133343,70],{"class":41},[31,133345,36452],{"class":140},[31,133347,137],{"class":41},[31,133349,260],{"class":259},[31,133351,619],{"class":263},[31,133353,260],{"class":259},[31,133355,99],{"class":41},[31,133357,4413],{"class":95},[31,133359,99],{"class":41},[31,133361,3033],{"class":95},[31,133363,5945],{"class":41},[31,133365,52023],{"class":157},[14,133367,133368],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,133370,133371],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[72,133373,44820,133375,133377],{"id":133374},"when-index-causes-an-error",[28,133376,59577],{}," causes an error",[14,133379,133380,133381,53103,133383,70],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[28,133382,59577],{},[28,133384,41309],{},[14,133386,242],{},[21,133388,133390],{"className":23,"code":133389,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[28,133391,133392,133404],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133393,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133395,35292],{"class":37},[31,133397,89],{"class":88},[31,133399,271],{"class":259},[31,133401,4425],{"class":263},[31,133403,3934],{"class":259},[31,133405,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133407,134],{"class":133},[31,133409,137],{"class":41},[31,133411,35313],{"class":140},[31,133413,70],{"class":41},[31,133415,36452],{"class":140},[31,133417,137],{"class":41},[31,133419,260],{"class":259},[31,133421,22676],{"class":263},[31,133423,260],{"class":259},[31,133425,1569],{"class":41},[14,133427,358],{},[21,133429,133431],{"className":23,"code":133430,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[28,133432,133433],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133434,133435,133437,133439,133442,133444],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133436,41309],{"class":1561},[31,133438,48],{"class":41},[31,133440,133441],{"class":37}," substring ",[31,133443,5213],{"class":88},[31,133445,66437],{"class":37},[14,133447,53950,133448,126903,133453,133455],{},[264,133449,133450],{"href":130581},[28,133451,133452],{},"str.find()",[28,133454,66462],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,133457,133458,133459,4975,133461,48],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[28,133460,30406],{},[28,133462,30437],{},[21,133464,133466],{"className":23,"code":133465,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[28,133467,133468,133480,133484,133490,133513,133523,133531],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133469,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133471,35292],{"class":37},[31,133473,89],{"class":88},[31,133475,271],{"class":259},[31,133477,4425],{"class":263},[31,133479,3934],{"class":259},[31,133481,133482],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133483,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,133485,133486,133488],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133487,30406],{"class":4457},[31,133489,6978],{"class":41},[31,133491,133492,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,133493,133494],{"class":37},"    position ",[31,133496,89],{"class":88},[31,133498,43448],{"class":37},[31,133500,70],{"class":41},[31,133502,36452],{"class":140},[31,133504,137],{"class":41},[31,133506,260],{"class":259},[31,133508,22676],{"class":263},[31,133510,260],{"class":259},[31,133512,120],{"class":41},[31,133514,133515,133517,133519,133521],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,133516,8657],{"class":133},[31,133518,137],{"class":41},[31,133520,65555],{"class":140},[31,133522,120],{"class":41},[31,133524,133525,133527,133529],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,133526,30437],{"class":4457},[31,133528,42532],{"class":1561},[31,133530,6978],{"class":41},[31,133532,133533,133535,133537,133539,133542,133544],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,133534,8657],{"class":133},[31,133536,137],{"class":41},[31,133538,260],{"class":259},[31,133540,133541],{"class":263},"Substring not found",[31,133543,260],{"class":259},[31,133545,120],{"class":41},[14,133547,133548],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133550,42552,133551,70],{},[264,133552,26280,133554],{"href":133553},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[28,133555,129908],{},[72,133557,133559,11177,133561],{"id":133558},"index-vs-find",[28,133560,59577],{},[28,133562,124932],{},[14,133564,133565,4975,133567,133569],{},[28,133566,59577],{},[28,133568,124932],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[613,133571,133572],{"id":36452},[28,133573,59577],{},[228,133575,133576,133579],{},[231,133577,133578],{},"Returns the first match position",[231,133580,133581],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[21,133583,133585],{"className":23,"code":133584,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[28,133586,133587,133599,133623],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133588,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133590,35292],{"class":37},[31,133592,89],{"class":88},[31,133594,271],{"class":259},[31,133596,4425],{"class":263},[31,133598,3934],{"class":259},[31,133600,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133602,134],{"class":133},[31,133604,137],{"class":41},[31,133606,35313],{"class":140},[31,133608,70],{"class":41},[31,133610,36452],{"class":140},[31,133612,137],{"class":41},[31,133614,260],{"class":259},[31,133616,301],{"class":263},[31,133618,260],{"class":259},[31,133620,5945],{"class":41},[31,133622,28381],{"class":157},[31,133624,133625],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133626,133627],{"class":157},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[613,133629,133630],{"id":128962},[28,133631,124932],{},[228,133633,133634,133636],{},[231,133635,133578],{},[231,133637,12016,133638,133640],{},[28,133639,66462],{}," if nothing is found",[21,133642,133644],{"className":23,"code":133643,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[28,133645,133646,133658,133682],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133647,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133649,35292],{"class":37},[31,133651,89],{"class":88},[31,133653,271],{"class":259},[31,133655,4425],{"class":263},[31,133657,3934],{"class":259},[31,133659,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133661,134],{"class":133},[31,133663,137],{"class":41},[31,133665,35313],{"class":140},[31,133667,70],{"class":41},[31,133669,128962],{"class":140},[31,133671,137],{"class":41},[31,133673,260],{"class":259},[31,133675,301],{"class":263},[31,133677,260],{"class":259},[31,133679,5945],{"class":41},[31,133681,28381],{"class":157},[31,133683,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133685,134],{"class":133},[31,133687,137],{"class":41},[31,133689,35313],{"class":140},[31,133691,70],{"class":41},[31,133693,128962],{"class":140},[31,133695,137],{"class":41},[31,133697,260],{"class":259},[31,133699,22676],{"class":263},[31,133701,260],{"class":259},[31,133703,5945],{"class":41},[31,133705,129318],{"class":157},[14,133707,2668,133708,133710],{},[28,133709,59577],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133712,2668,133713,133715],{},[28,133714,124932],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133717,133718,133719,3456,133724,70],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[264,133720,133721,133723],{"href":130581},[28,133722,133452],{}," method reference",[264,133725,127973],{"href":133726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[72,133728,3407],{"id":3406},[14,133730,133731,133732,48],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[28,133733,59577],{},[228,133735,133736,133739,133746,133751,133756],{},[231,133737,133738],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[231,133740,9043,133741,9046,133743,133745],{},[28,133742,59577],{},[28,133744,66462],{}," when no match exists",[231,133747,9007,133748,133750],{},[28,133749,59577],{}," on a value that may not be present",[231,133752,133753,133754],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[28,133755,146],{},[231,133757,5161,133758,133760],{},[28,133759,59577],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133762,62903],{},[21,133764,133766],{"className":23,"code":133765,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[28,133767,133768,133778,133792,133814,133836],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,133769,133770,133772,133774,133776],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,133771,134],{"class":133},[31,133773,137],{"class":41},[31,133775,35313],{"class":140},[31,133777,120],{"class":41},[31,133779,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,133781,134],{"class":133},[31,133783,137],{"class":41},[31,133785,42385],{"class":133},[31,133787,137],{"class":41},[31,133789,35313],{"class":140},[31,133791,1569],{"class":41},[31,133793,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,133795,134],{"class":133},[31,133797,137],{"class":41},[31,133799,35313],{"class":140},[31,133801,70],{"class":41},[31,133803,36452],{"class":140},[31,133805,137],{"class":41},[31,133807,260],{"class":259},[31,133809,3049],{"class":263},[31,133811,260],{"class":259},[31,133813,1569],{"class":41},[31,133815,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,133817,134],{"class":133},[31,133819,137],{"class":41},[31,133821,35313],{"class":140},[31,133823,70],{"class":41},[31,133825,128962],{"class":140},[31,133827,137],{"class":41},[31,133829,260],{"class":259},[31,133831,3049],{"class":263},[31,133833,260],{"class":259},[31,133835,1569],{"class":41},[31,133837,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,133839,134],{"class":133},[31,133841,137],{"class":41},[31,133843,35313],{"class":140},[31,133845,70],{"class":41},[31,133847,36452],{"class":140},[31,133849,137],{"class":41},[31,133851,260],{"class":259},[31,133853,3049],{"class":263},[31,133855,260],{"class":259},[31,133857,99],{"class":41},[31,133859,36658],{"class":140},[31,133861,99],{"class":41},[31,133863,65649],{"class":140},[31,133865,1569],{"class":41},[14,133867,133868],{},"Tips:",[228,133870,133871,133876,133881,133884],{},[231,133872,2668,133873,133875],{},[28,133874,126859],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[231,133877,2668,133878,133880],{},[28,133879,124932],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[231,133882,133883],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[231,133885,133886,133887],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[28,133888,1243],{},[72,133890,2435],{"id":2434},[613,133892,130441,133894,13311],{"id":133893},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[28,133895,59577],{},[14,133897,133898],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[613,133900,133902],{"id":133901},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133904,77446,133905,70],{},[28,133906,41309],{},[613,133908,5762,133910,4975,133912,2466],{"id":133909},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[28,133911,59577],{},[28,133913,124932],{},[14,133915,133916,133918,133919,2972,133921,7217],{},[28,133917,59577],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[28,133920,124932],{},[28,133922,66462],{},[613,133924,5752,133926,133928],{"id":133925},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[28,133927,59577],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133930,133931],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[613,133933,133935,133936,125273],{"id":133934},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[28,133937,59577],{},[14,133939,130466],{},[72,133941,2475],{"id":2474},[228,133943,133944,133950,133954,133959,133965],{},[231,133945,133946],{},[264,133947,133948,11333],{"href":130581},[28,133949,133452],{},[231,133951,133952],{},[264,133953,125336],{"href":133726},[231,133955,133956],{},[264,133957,130542],{"href":133958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[231,133960,133961],{},[264,133962,133963,11333],{"href":125387},[28,133964,59199],{},[231,133966,133967],{},[264,133968,30950,133969],{"href":133553},[28,133970,129908],{},[2499,133972,133973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":133975},[133976,133977,133979,133980,133981,133982,133984,133989,133990,134001],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":132613,"depth":123,"text":133978},"What str.index() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":38624,"depth":123,"text":38625},{"id":66014,"depth":123,"text":66797},{"id":133374,"depth":123,"text":133983},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133558,"depth":123,"text":133985,"children":133986},"index() vs find()",[133987,133988],{"id":36452,"depth":130,"text":59577},{"id":128962,"depth":130,"text":124932},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":133991},[133992,133994,133995,133997,133999],{"id":133893,"depth":130,"text":133993},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133901,"depth":130,"text":133902},{"id":133909,"depth":130,"text":133996},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133925,"depth":130,"text":133998},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133934,"depth":130,"text":134000},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132522,"description":134002},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":134009,"title":134010,"body":134011,"description":136786,"extension":2542,"meta":136787,"navigation":126,"path":136788,"seo":136789,"stem":136790,"__hash__":136791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":134012,"toc":136722},[134013,134019,134024,134027,134030,134041,134043,134112,134114,134128,134133,134138,134143,134145,134188,134190,134273,134275,134321,134327,134329,134331,134351,134353,134376,134378,134452,134454,134473,134478,134480,134484,134556,134558,134572,134576,134652,134654,134673,134677,134771,134773,134782,134789,134865,134867,134885,134889,134892,134899,134948,134950,134959,134966,135025,135027,135045,135048,135055,135114,135116,135134,135141,135198,135200,135209,135213,135218,135222,135281,135283,135301,135305,135352,135357,135360,135429,135431,135448,135455,135461,135516,135521,135524,135601,135603,135621,135627,135633,135693,135695,135714,135720,135723,135730,135783,135788,135790,135851,135860,135867,135869,135926,135931,135933,136004,136008,136063,136065,136074,136079,136085,136154,136156,136188,136194,136202,136209,136215,136280,136282,136291,136297,136378,136380,136389,136394,136408,136415,136419,136424,136452,136454,136587,136590,136627,136629,136635,136644,136649,136652,136657,136662,136668,136671,136680,136683,136685,136714,136719],[10,134014,123937,134016,11914],{"id":134015},"python-string-join-method",[28,134017,134018],{},"join()",[14,134020,123942,134021,134023],{},[28,134022,134018],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,134025,134026],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,134028,134029],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[228,134031,134032,134038],{},[231,134033,134034,134035,134037],{},"You call ",[28,134036,134018],{}," on the separator string",[231,134039,134040],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[72,134042,4186],{"id":4185},[21,134044,134046],{"className":23,"code":134045,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[28,134047,134048,134081,134102],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134049,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134077,134079],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134051,4651],{"class":37},[31,134053,89],{"class":88},[31,134055,4200],{"class":41},[31,134057,260],{"class":259},[31,134059,7884],{"class":263},[31,134061,260],{"class":259},[31,134063,99],{"class":41},[31,134065,271],{"class":259},[31,134067,12788],{"class":263},[31,134069,260],{"class":259},[31,134071,99],{"class":41},[31,134073,271],{"class":259},[31,134075,134076],{"class":263},"fun",[31,134078,260],{"class":259},[31,134080,59],{"class":41},[31,134082,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134096,134098,134100],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134084,1522],{"class":37},[31,134086,89],{"class":88},[31,134088,271],{"class":259},[31,134090,271],{"class":259},[31,134092,70],{"class":41},[31,134094,134095],{"class":140},"join",[31,134097,137],{"class":41},[31,134099,4695],{"class":140},[31,134101,120],{"class":41},[31,134103,134104,134106,134108,134110],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134105,134],{"class":133},[31,134107,137],{"class":41},[31,134109,1550],{"class":140},[31,134111,120],{"class":41},[14,134113,358],{},[21,134115,134117],{"className":23,"code":134116,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Python is fun\n",[28,134118,134119],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134120,134121,134123,134125],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134122,4152],{"class":37},[31,134124,12788],{"class":88},[31,134126,134127],{"class":37}," fun\n",[14,134129,2668,134130,134132],{},[28,134131,134018],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[72,134134,4255,134136,4258],{"id":134135},"what-join-does",[28,134137,134018],{},[14,134139,134140,134142],{},[28,134141,134018],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,134144,12051],{},[228,134146,134147,134154,134182,134185],{},[231,134148,134149,134150,134153],{},"It uses the string before ",[28,134151,134152],{},".join()"," as the separator",[231,134155,134156,134157],{},"Common separators are:\n",[228,134158,134159,134165,134171,134177],{},[231,134160,134161,134164],{},[28,134162,134163],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[231,134166,134167,134170],{},[28,134168,134169],{},"\", \""," for commas",[231,134172,134173,134176],{},[28,134174,134175],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[231,134178,134179,134181],{},[28,134180,6856],{}," for no separator",[231,134183,134184],{},"It returns a new string",[231,134186,134187],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,134189,242],{},[21,134191,134193],{"className":23,"code":134192,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[28,134194,134195,134227,134249,134253,134263],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134196,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134198,4651],{"class":37},[31,134200,89],{"class":88},[31,134202,4200],{"class":41},[31,134204,260],{"class":259},[31,134206,13689],{"class":263},[31,134208,260],{"class":259},[31,134210,99],{"class":41},[31,134212,271],{"class":259},[31,134214,18054],{"class":263},[31,134216,260],{"class":259},[31,134218,99],{"class":41},[31,134220,271],{"class":259},[31,134222,13706],{"class":263},[31,134224,260],{"class":259},[31,134226,59],{"class":41},[31,134228,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134230,1522],{"class":37},[31,134232,89],{"class":88},[31,134234,271],{"class":259},[31,134236,2766],{"class":263},[31,134238,260],{"class":259},[31,134240,70],{"class":41},[31,134242,134095],{"class":140},[31,134244,137],{"class":41},[31,134246,4695],{"class":140},[31,134248,120],{"class":41},[31,134250,134251],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134252,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,134254,134255,134257,134259,134261],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,134256,134],{"class":133},[31,134258,137],{"class":41},[31,134260,1550],{"class":140},[31,134262,120],{"class":41},[31,134264,134265,134267,134269,134271],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,134266,134],{"class":133},[31,134268,137],{"class":41},[31,134270,4695],{"class":140},[31,134272,120],{"class":41},[14,134274,358],{},[21,134276,134278],{"className":23,"code":134277,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[28,134279,134280,134293],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134281,134282,134284,134286,134289,134291],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134283,13689],{"class":37},[31,134285,99],{"class":41},[31,134287,134288],{"class":37}," green",[31,134290,99],{"class":41},[31,134292,36487],{"class":37},[31,134294,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134296,42],{"class":41},[31,134298,370],{"class":259},[31,134300,13689],{"class":263},[31,134302,370],{"class":259},[31,134304,99],{"class":41},[31,134306,379],{"class":259},[31,134308,18054],{"class":263},[31,134310,370],{"class":259},[31,134312,99],{"class":41},[31,134314,379],{"class":259},[31,134316,13706],{"class":263},[31,134318,370],{"class":259},[31,134320,59],{"class":41},[14,134322,134323,134324,134326],{},"The list stays the same. ",[28,134325,134018],{}," creates a new string.",[72,134328,2733],{"id":2732},[14,134330,7805],{},[21,134332,134334],{"className":23,"code":134333,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[28,134335,134336],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134337,134338,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134339,134340],{"class":37},"separator",[31,134342,70],{"class":41},[31,134344,134095],{"class":140},[31,134346,137],{"class":41},[31,134348,4299],{"class":140},[31,134350,120],{"class":41},[613,134352,49618],{"id":49617},[228,134354,134355,134368,134373],{},[231,134356,134357,134359,134360,2766,134362,2766,134364,2770,134366],{},[28,134358,134340],{}," is a string such as ",[28,134361,134163],{},[28,134363,134169],{},[28,134365,134175],{},[28,134367,6856],{},[231,134369,134370,134372],{},[28,134371,4299],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[231,134374,134375],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,134377,242],{},[21,134379,134381],{"className":23,"code":134380,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,134382,134383,134415,134438,134442],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134384,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134386,5578],{"class":37},[31,134388,89],{"class":88},[31,134390,4200],{"class":41},[31,134392,260],{"class":259},[31,134394,13476],{"class":263},[31,134396,260],{"class":259},[31,134398,99],{"class":41},[31,134400,271],{"class":259},[31,134402,36547],{"class":263},[31,134404,260],{"class":259},[31,134406,99],{"class":41},[31,134408,271],{"class":259},[31,134410,36556],{"class":263},[31,134412,260],{"class":259},[31,134414,59],{"class":41},[31,134416,134417,134419,134421,134423,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134418,1522],{"class":37},[31,134420,89],{"class":88},[31,134422,271],{"class":259},[31,134424,134425],{"class":263}," | ",[31,134427,260],{"class":259},[31,134429,70],{"class":41},[31,134431,134095],{"class":140},[31,134433,137],{"class":41},[31,134435,5622],{"class":140},[31,134437,120],{"class":41},[31,134439,134440],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134441,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,134443,134444,134446,134448,134450],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,134445,134],{"class":133},[31,134447,137],{"class":41},[31,134449,1550],{"class":140},[31,134451,120],{"class":41},[14,134453,358],{},[21,134455,134457],{"className":23,"code":134456,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[28,134458,134459],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134460,134461,134464,134466,134469,134471],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134462,134463],{"class":37},"Ana ",[31,134465,114444],{"class":88},[31,134467,134468],{"class":37}," Ben ",[31,134470,114444],{"class":88},[31,134472,36628],{"class":37},[14,134474,134475,134476,70],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[264,134477,125692],{"href":51583},[72,134479,122468],{"id":122467},[613,134481,134483],{"id":134482},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[21,134485,134487],{"className":23,"code":134486,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,134488,134489,134522,134542,134546],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134490,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134518,134520],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134492,4651],{"class":37},[31,134494,89],{"class":88},[31,134496,4200],{"class":41},[31,134498,260],{"class":259},[31,134500,7884],{"class":263},[31,134502,260],{"class":259},[31,134504,99],{"class":41},[31,134506,271],{"class":259},[31,134508,12788],{"class":263},[31,134510,260],{"class":259},[31,134512,99],{"class":41},[31,134514,271],{"class":259},[31,134516,134517],{"class":263},"easy",[31,134519,260],{"class":259},[31,134521,59],{"class":41},[31,134523,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134525,1522],{"class":37},[31,134527,89],{"class":88},[31,134529,271],{"class":259},[31,134531,271],{"class":259},[31,134533,70],{"class":41},[31,134535,134095],{"class":140},[31,134537,137],{"class":41},[31,134539,4695],{"class":140},[31,134541,120],{"class":41},[31,134543,134544],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134545,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,134547,134548,134550,134552,134554],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,134549,134],{"class":133},[31,134551,137],{"class":41},[31,134553,1550],{"class":140},[31,134555,120],{"class":41},[14,134557,358],{},[21,134559,134561],{"className":23,"code":134560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Python is easy\n",[28,134562,134563],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134564,134565,134567,134569],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134566,4152],{"class":37},[31,134568,12788],{"class":88},[31,134570,134571],{"class":37}," easy\n",[613,134573,134575],{"id":134574},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[21,134577,134579],{"className":23,"code":134578,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,134580,134581,134616,134638,134642],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134582,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134594,134596,134598,134600,134603,134605,134607,134609,134612,134614],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134584,8368],{"class":37},[31,134586,89],{"class":88},[31,134588,4200],{"class":41},[31,134590,260],{"class":259},[31,134592,134593],{"class":263},"apples",[31,134595,260],{"class":259},[31,134597,99],{"class":41},[31,134599,271],{"class":259},[31,134601,134602],{"class":263},"bananas",[31,134604,260],{"class":259},[31,134606,99],{"class":41},[31,134608,271],{"class":259},[31,134610,134611],{"class":263},"oranges",[31,134613,260],{"class":259},[31,134615,59],{"class":41},[31,134617,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134619,1522],{"class":37},[31,134621,89],{"class":88},[31,134623,271],{"class":259},[31,134625,2766],{"class":263},[31,134627,260],{"class":259},[31,134629,70],{"class":41},[31,134631,134095],{"class":140},[31,134633,137],{"class":41},[31,134635,8397],{"class":140},[31,134637,120],{"class":41},[31,134639,134640],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134641,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,134643,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,134645,134],{"class":133},[31,134647,137],{"class":41},[31,134649,1550],{"class":140},[31,134651,120],{"class":41},[14,134653,358],{},[21,134655,134657],{"className":23,"code":134656,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[28,134658,134659],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134660,134661,134663,134665,134668,134670],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134662,134593],{"class":37},[31,134664,99],{"class":41},[31,134666,134667],{"class":37}," bananas",[31,134669,99],{"class":41},[31,134671,134672],{"class":37}," oranges\n",[613,134674,134676],{"id":134675},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[21,134678,134680],{"className":23,"code":134679,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,134681,134682,134739,134757,134761],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134683,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134685,252],{"class":37},[31,134687,89],{"class":88},[31,134689,4200],{"class":41},[31,134691,260],{"class":259},[31,134693,134694],{"class":263},"P",[31,134696,260],{"class":259},[31,134698,99],{"class":41},[31,134700,271],{"class":259},[31,134702,12339],{"class":263},[31,134704,260],{"class":259},[31,134706,99],{"class":41},[31,134708,271],{"class":259},[31,134710,63895],{"class":263},[31,134712,260],{"class":259},[31,134714,99],{"class":41},[31,134716,271],{"class":259},[31,134718,61048],{"class":263},[31,134720,260],{"class":259},[31,134722,99],{"class":41},[31,134724,271],{"class":259},[31,134726,61082],{"class":263},[31,134728,260],{"class":259},[31,134730,99],{"class":41},[31,134732,271],{"class":259},[31,134734,619],{"class":263},[31,134736,260],{"class":259},[31,134738,59],{"class":41},[31,134740,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134742,1522],{"class":37},[31,134744,89],{"class":88},[31,134746,6710],{"class":259},[31,134748,70],{"class":41},[31,134750,134095],{"class":140},[31,134752,137],{"class":41},[31,134754,353],{"class":140},[31,134756,120],{"class":41},[31,134758,134759],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134760,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,134762,134763,134765,134767,134769],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,134764,134],{"class":133},[31,134766,137],{"class":41},[31,134768,1550],{"class":140},[31,134770,120],{"class":41},[14,134772,358],{},[21,134774,134776],{"className":23,"code":134775,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Python\n",[28,134777,134778],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134779,134780],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134781,134775],{"class":37},[613,134783,134785,134786,134788],{"id":134784},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[28,134787,134018],{}," returns the result",[21,134790,134792],{"className":23,"code":134791,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[28,134793,134794,134827,134850,134854],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134795,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134823,134825],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134797,4651],{"class":37},[31,134799,89],{"class":88},[31,134801,4200],{"class":41},[31,134803,260],{"class":259},[31,134805,7171],{"class":263},[31,134807,260],{"class":259},[31,134809,99],{"class":41},[31,134811,271],{"class":259},[31,134813,79856],{"class":263},[31,134815,260],{"class":259},[31,134817,99],{"class":41},[31,134819,271],{"class":259},[31,134821,134822],{"class":263},"three",[31,134824,260],{"class":259},[31,134826,59],{"class":41},[31,134828,134829,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134830,134831],{"class":37},"joined_text ",[31,134833,89],{"class":88},[31,134835,271],{"class":259},[31,134837,212],{"class":263},[31,134839,260],{"class":259},[31,134841,70],{"class":41},[31,134843,134095],{"class":140},[31,134845,137],{"class":41},[31,134847,4695],{"class":140},[31,134849,120],{"class":41},[31,134851,134852],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,134853,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,134855,134856,134858,134860,134863],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,134857,134],{"class":133},[31,134859,137],{"class":41},[31,134861,134862],{"class":140},"joined_text",[31,134864,120],{"class":41},[14,134866,358],{},[21,134868,134870],{"className":23,"code":134869,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"one-two-three\n",[28,134871,134872],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134873,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134875,7171],{"class":37},[31,134877,212],{"class":88},[31,134879,79856],{"class":37},[31,134881,212],{"class":88},[31,134883,134884],{"class":37},"three\n",[72,134886,134888],{"id":134887},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134890,134891],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[613,134893,134895,134898],{"id":134894},"join-adds-spaces",[28,134896,134897],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[21,134900,134902],{"className":23,"code":134901,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[28,134903,134904,134928],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134905,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134907,4651],{"class":37},[31,134909,89],{"class":88},[31,134911,4200],{"class":41},[31,134913,260],{"class":259},[31,134915,4425],{"class":263},[31,134917,260],{"class":259},[31,134919,99],{"class":41},[31,134921,271],{"class":259},[31,134923,61200],{"class":263},[31,134925,260],{"class":259},[31,134927,59],{"class":41},[31,134929,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,134931,134],{"class":133},[31,134933,137],{"class":41},[31,134935,260],{"class":259},[31,134937,271],{"class":259},[31,134939,70],{"class":41},[31,134941,134095],{"class":140},[31,134943,137],{"class":41},[31,134945,4695],{"class":140},[31,134947,1569],{"class":41},[14,134949,358],{},[21,134951,134953],{"className":23,"code":134952,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"hello world\n",[28,134954,134955],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134956,134957],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134958,134952],{"class":37},[613,134960,134962,134965],{"id":134961},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[28,134963,134964],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[21,134967,134969],{"className":23,"code":134968,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[28,134970,134971,135003],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,134974,13672],{"class":37},[31,134976,89],{"class":88},[31,134978,4200],{"class":41},[31,134980,260],{"class":259},[31,134982,13689],{"class":263},[31,134984,260],{"class":259},[31,134986,99],{"class":41},[31,134988,271],{"class":259},[31,134990,13706],{"class":263},[31,134992,260],{"class":259},[31,134994,99],{"class":41},[31,134996,271],{"class":259},[31,134998,18054],{"class":263},[31,135000,260],{"class":259},[31,135002,59],{"class":41},[31,135004,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135006,134],{"class":133},[31,135008,137],{"class":41},[31,135010,260],{"class":259},[31,135012,2766],{"class":263},[31,135014,260],{"class":259},[31,135016,70],{"class":41},[31,135018,134095],{"class":140},[31,135020,137],{"class":41},[31,135022,18101],{"class":140},[31,135024,1569],{"class":41},[14,135026,358],{},[21,135028,135030],{"className":23,"code":135029,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"red, blue, green\n",[28,135031,135032],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135033,135034,135036,135038,135041,135043],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135035,13689],{"class":37},[31,135037,99],{"class":41},[31,135039,135040],{"class":37}," blue",[31,135042,99],{"class":41},[31,135044,36480],{"class":37},[14,135046,135047],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[613,135049,135051,135054],{"id":135050},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[28,135052,135053],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[21,135056,135058],{"className":23,"code":135057,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[28,135059,135060,135092],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135061,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135063,43443],{"class":37},[31,135065,89],{"class":88},[31,135067,4200],{"class":41},[31,135069,260],{"class":259},[31,135071,25],{"class":263},[31,135073,260],{"class":259},[31,135075,99],{"class":41},[31,135077,271],{"class":259},[31,135079,61782],{"class":263},[31,135081,260],{"class":259},[31,135083,99],{"class":41},[31,135085,271],{"class":259},[31,135087,134095],{"class":263},[31,135089,260],{"class":259},[31,135091,59],{"class":41},[31,135093,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135095,134],{"class":133},[31,135097,137],{"class":41},[31,135099,260],{"class":259},[31,135101,212],{"class":263},[31,135103,260],{"class":259},[31,135105,70],{"class":41},[31,135107,134095],{"class":140},[31,135109,137],{"class":41},[31,135111,43475],{"class":140},[31,135113,1569],{"class":41},[14,135115,358],{},[21,135117,135119],{"className":23,"code":135118,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"python-string-join\n",[28,135120,135121],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135122,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135124,25],{"class":37},[31,135126,212],{"class":88},[31,135128,61782],{"class":37},[31,135130,212],{"class":88},[31,135132,135133],{"class":37},"join\n",[613,135135,135137,135140],{"id":135136},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[28,135138,135139],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[21,135142,135144],{"className":23,"code":135143,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[28,135145,135146,135179],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135147,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135175,135177],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135149,113518],{"class":37},[31,135151,89],{"class":88},[31,135153,4200],{"class":41},[31,135155,260],{"class":259},[31,135157,22844],{"class":263},[31,135159,260],{"class":259},[31,135161,99],{"class":41},[31,135163,271],{"class":259},[31,135165,31203],{"class":263},[31,135167,260],{"class":259},[31,135169,99],{"class":41},[31,135171,271],{"class":259},[31,135173,135174],{"class":263},"C",[31,135176,260],{"class":259},[31,135178,59],{"class":41},[31,135180,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135196],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135182,134],{"class":133},[31,135184,137],{"class":41},[31,135186,6856],{"class":259},[31,135188,70],{"class":41},[31,135190,134095],{"class":140},[31,135192,137],{"class":41},[31,135194,135195],{"class":140},"chars",[31,135197,1569],{"class":41},[14,135199,358],{},[21,135201,135203],{"className":23,"code":135202,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ABC\n",[28,135204,135205],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135206,135207],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135208,135202],{"class":35057},[72,135210,135212],{"id":135211},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,135214,135215,135217],{},[28,135216,134018],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[613,135219,135221],{"id":135220},"this-works","This works",[21,135223,135225],{"className":23,"code":135224,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[28,135226,135227,135259],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135230,4402],{"class":37},[31,135232,89],{"class":88},[31,135234,4200],{"class":41},[31,135236,260],{"class":259},[31,135238,96],{"class":263},[31,135240,260],{"class":259},[31,135242,99],{"class":41},[31,135244,271],{"class":259},[31,135246,580],{"class":263},[31,135248,260],{"class":259},[31,135250,99],{"class":41},[31,135252,271],{"class":259},[31,135254,764],{"class":263},[31,135256,260],{"class":259},[31,135258,59],{"class":41},[31,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135262,134],{"class":133},[31,135264,137],{"class":41},[31,135266,260],{"class":259},[31,135268,2766],{"class":263},[31,135270,260],{"class":259},[31,135272,70],{"class":41},[31,135274,134095],{"class":140},[31,135276,137],{"class":41},[31,135278,5942],{"class":140},[31,135280,1569],{"class":41},[14,135282,358],{},[21,135284,135286],{"className":23,"code":135285,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10, 20, 30\n",[28,135287,135288],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135289,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135291,96],{"class":95},[31,135293,99],{"class":41},[31,135295,102],{"class":95},[31,135297,99],{"class":41},[31,135299,135300],{"class":95}," 30\n",[613,135302,135304],{"id":135303},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[21,135306,135308],{"className":23,"code":135307,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[28,135309,135310,135330],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135311,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135313,4402],{"class":37},[31,135315,89],{"class":88},[31,135317,4200],{"class":41},[31,135319,146],{"class":95},[31,135321,99],{"class":41},[31,135323,3571],{"class":95},[31,135325,99],{"class":41},[31,135327,3027],{"class":95},[31,135329,59],{"class":41},[31,135331,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135333,134],{"class":133},[31,135335,137],{"class":41},[31,135337,260],{"class":259},[31,135339,2766],{"class":263},[31,135341,260],{"class":259},[31,135343,70],{"class":41},[31,135345,134095],{"class":140},[31,135347,137],{"class":41},[31,135349,5942],{"class":140},[31,135351,1569],{"class":41},[14,135353,90895,135354,135356],{},[28,135355,3583],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,135358,135359],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[21,135361,135363],{"className":23,"code":135362,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,135364,135365,135385,135415,135419],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135366,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135368,4402],{"class":37},[31,135370,89],{"class":88},[31,135372,4200],{"class":41},[31,135374,146],{"class":95},[31,135376,99],{"class":41},[31,135378,3571],{"class":95},[31,135380,99],{"class":41},[31,135382,3027],{"class":95},[31,135384,59],{"class":41},[31,135386,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135388,1522],{"class":37},[31,135390,89],{"class":88},[31,135392,271],{"class":259},[31,135394,2766],{"class":263},[31,135396,260],{"class":259},[31,135398,70],{"class":41},[31,135400,134095],{"class":140},[31,135402,137],{"class":41},[31,135404,40465],{"class":133},[31,135406,137],{"class":41},[31,135408,4019],{"class":1561},[31,135410,99],{"class":41},[31,135412,4467],{"class":140},[31,135414,1569],{"class":41},[31,135416,135417],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,135418,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,135420,135421,135423,135425,135427],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,135422,134],{"class":133},[31,135424,137],{"class":41},[31,135426,1550],{"class":140},[31,135428,120],{"class":41},[14,135430,358],{},[21,135432,135434],{"className":23,"code":135433,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"1, 2, 3\n",[28,135435,135436],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135439,146],{"class":95},[31,135441,99],{"class":41},[31,135443,3571],{"class":95},[31,135445,99],{"class":41},[31,135447,3153],{"class":95},[14,135449,135450,135451,70],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[264,135452,4152,135453,4085],{"href":42781},[28,135454,48292],{},[613,135456,135458,135460],{"id":135457},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[28,135459,4357],{}," values do not work directly",[21,135462,135464],{"className":23,"code":135463,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[28,135465,135466,135494],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135467,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135469,4402],{"class":37},[31,135471,89],{"class":88},[31,135473,4200],{"class":41},[31,135475,260],{"class":259},[31,135477,4660],{"class":263},[31,135479,260],{"class":259},[31,135481,99],{"class":41},[31,135483,4433],{"class":4432},[31,135485,99],{"class":41},[31,135487,271],{"class":259},[31,135489,4669],{"class":263},[31,135491,260],{"class":259},[31,135493,59],{"class":41},[31,135495,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135497,134],{"class":133},[31,135499,137],{"class":41},[31,135501,260],{"class":259},[31,135503,2766],{"class":263},[31,135505,260],{"class":259},[31,135507,70],{"class":41},[31,135509,134095],{"class":140},[31,135511,137],{"class":41},[31,135513,5942],{"class":140},[31,135515,1569],{"class":41},[14,135517,135518,135519,70],{},"This also causes a ",[28,135520,3583],{},[14,135522,135523],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[21,135525,135527],{"className":23,"code":135526,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,135528,135529,135557,135587,135591],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135530,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135532,4402],{"class":37},[31,135534,89],{"class":88},[31,135536,4200],{"class":41},[31,135538,260],{"class":259},[31,135540,4660],{"class":263},[31,135542,260],{"class":259},[31,135544,99],{"class":41},[31,135546,4433],{"class":4432},[31,135548,99],{"class":41},[31,135550,271],{"class":259},[31,135552,4669],{"class":263},[31,135554,260],{"class":259},[31,135556,59],{"class":41},[31,135558,135559,135561,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135560,1522],{"class":37},[31,135562,89],{"class":88},[31,135564,271],{"class":259},[31,135566,2766],{"class":263},[31,135568,260],{"class":259},[31,135570,70],{"class":41},[31,135572,134095],{"class":140},[31,135574,137],{"class":41},[31,135576,40465],{"class":133},[31,135578,137],{"class":41},[31,135580,4019],{"class":1561},[31,135582,99],{"class":41},[31,135584,4467],{"class":140},[31,135586,1569],{"class":41},[31,135588,135589],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,135590,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,135592,135593,135595,135597,135599],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,135594,134],{"class":133},[31,135596,137],{"class":41},[31,135598,1550],{"class":140},[31,135600,120],{"class":41},[14,135602,358],{},[21,135604,135606],{"className":23,"code":135605,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"apple, None, banana\n",[28,135607,135608],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135609,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135611,4660],{"class":37},[31,135613,99],{"class":41},[31,135615,4433],{"class":4432},[31,135617,99],{"class":41},[31,135619,135620],{"class":37}," banana\n",[14,135622,135623,135624,135626],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[28,135625,4357],{}," values instead of converting them.",[613,135628,135630,135632],{"id":135629},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[28,135631,134018],{}," also works with tuples",[21,135634,135636],{"className":23,"code":135635,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[28,135637,135638,135670],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135641,5578],{"class":37},[31,135643,89],{"class":88},[31,135645,92],{"class":41},[31,135647,260],{"class":259},[31,135649,8265],{"class":263},[31,135651,260],{"class":259},[31,135653,99],{"class":41},[31,135655,271],{"class":259},[31,135657,132025],{"class":263},[31,135659,260],{"class":259},[31,135661,99],{"class":41},[31,135663,271],{"class":259},[31,135665,8509],{"class":263},[31,135667,260],{"class":259},[31,135669,120],{"class":41},[31,135671,135672,135674,135676,135678,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135673,134],{"class":133},[31,135675,137],{"class":41},[31,135677,260],{"class":259},[31,135679,135680],{"class":263}," \u002F ",[31,135682,260],{"class":259},[31,135684,70],{"class":41},[31,135686,134095],{"class":140},[31,135688,137],{"class":41},[31,135690,5622],{"class":140},[31,135692,1569],{"class":41},[14,135694,358],{},[21,135696,135698],{"className":23,"code":135697,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[28,135699,135700],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135701,135702,135705,135707,135710,135712],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135703,135704],{"class":37},"Sam ",[31,135706,127829],{"class":88},[31,135708,135709],{"class":37}," Lee ",[31,135711,127829],{"class":88},[31,135713,22933],{"class":37},[72,135715,135717,135718],{"id":135716},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[28,135719,134018],{},[14,135721,135722],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[613,135724,135726,135727,135729],{"id":135725},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[28,135728,3583],{}," because not all items are strings",[21,135731,135733],{"className":23,"code":135732,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[28,135734,135735,135763],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135736,135737,135739,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135738,8368],{"class":37},[31,135740,89],{"class":88},[31,135742,4200],{"class":41},[31,135744,260],{"class":259},[31,135746,264],{"class":263},[31,135748,260],{"class":259},[31,135750,99],{"class":41},[31,135752,3571],{"class":95},[31,135754,99],{"class":41},[31,135756,271],{"class":259},[31,135758,283],{"class":263},[31,135760,260],{"class":259},[31,135762,59],{"class":41},[31,135764,135765,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135766,134],{"class":133},[31,135768,137],{"class":41},[31,135770,260],{"class":259},[31,135772,271],{"class":259},[31,135774,70],{"class":41},[31,135776,134095],{"class":140},[31,135778,137],{"class":41},[31,135780,8397],{"class":140},[31,135782,1569],{"class":41},[14,135784,49119,135785,135787],{},[28,135786,193],{}," is an integer.",[14,135789,39867],{},[21,135791,135793],{"className":23,"code":135792,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[28,135794,135795,135823],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135796,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135798,8368],{"class":37},[31,135800,89],{"class":88},[31,135802,4200],{"class":41},[31,135804,260],{"class":259},[31,135806,264],{"class":263},[31,135808,260],{"class":259},[31,135810,99],{"class":41},[31,135812,3571],{"class":95},[31,135814,99],{"class":41},[31,135816,271],{"class":259},[31,135818,283],{"class":263},[31,135820,260],{"class":259},[31,135822,59],{"class":41},[31,135824,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135826,134],{"class":133},[31,135828,137],{"class":41},[31,135830,260],{"class":259},[31,135832,271],{"class":259},[31,135834,70],{"class":41},[31,135836,134095],{"class":140},[31,135838,137],{"class":41},[31,135840,40465],{"class":133},[31,135842,137],{"class":41},[31,135844,4019],{"class":1561},[31,135846,99],{"class":41},[31,135848,620],{"class":140},[31,135850,3490],{"class":41},[14,135852,135853,135854,70],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[264,135855,26280,135857],{"href":135856},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[28,135858,135859],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[613,135861,135863,135864,135866],{"id":135862},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[28,135865,134018],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135868,2102],{},[21,135870,135872],{"className":23,"code":135871,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[28,135873,135874,135906],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135875,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135877,4651],{"class":37},[31,135879,89],{"class":88},[31,135881,4200],{"class":41},[31,135883,260],{"class":259},[31,135885,7884],{"class":263},[31,135887,260],{"class":259},[31,135889,99],{"class":41},[31,135891,271],{"class":259},[31,135893,12788],{"class":263},[31,135895,260],{"class":259},[31,135897,99],{"class":41},[31,135899,271],{"class":259},[31,135901,134076],{"class":263},[31,135903,260],{"class":259},[31,135905,59],{"class":41},[31,135907,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135909,1522],{"class":37},[31,135911,89],{"class":88},[31,135913,6752],{"class":37},[31,135915,70],{"class":41},[31,135917,134095],{"class":140},[31,135919,137],{"class":41},[31,135921,260],{"class":259},[31,135923,271],{"class":259},[31,135925,120],{"class":41},[14,135927,135928,135930],{},[28,135929,134018],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135932,11400],{},[21,135934,135936],{"className":23,"code":135935,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,135937,135938,135970,135990,135994],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,135939,135940,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135960,135962,135964,135966,135968],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,135941,4651],{"class":37},[31,135943,89],{"class":88},[31,135945,4200],{"class":41},[31,135947,260],{"class":259},[31,135949,7884],{"class":263},[31,135951,260],{"class":259},[31,135953,99],{"class":41},[31,135955,271],{"class":259},[31,135957,12788],{"class":263},[31,135959,260],{"class":259},[31,135961,99],{"class":41},[31,135963,271],{"class":259},[31,135965,134076],{"class":263},[31,135967,260],{"class":259},[31,135969,59],{"class":41},[31,135971,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980,135982,135984,135986,135988],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,135973,1522],{"class":37},[31,135975,89],{"class":88},[31,135977,271],{"class":259},[31,135979,271],{"class":259},[31,135981,70],{"class":41},[31,135983,134095],{"class":140},[31,135985,137],{"class":41},[31,135987,4695],{"class":140},[31,135989,120],{"class":41},[31,135991,135992],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,135993,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,135995,135996,135998,136000,136002],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,135997,134],{"class":133},[31,135999,137],{"class":41},[31,136001,1550],{"class":140},[31,136003,120],{"class":41},[613,136005,136007],{"id":136006},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[21,136009,136011],{"className":23,"code":136010,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[28,136012,136013,136045],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136014,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136016,4651],{"class":37},[31,136018,89],{"class":88},[31,136020,4200],{"class":41},[31,136022,260],{"class":259},[31,136024,7171],{"class":263},[31,136026,260],{"class":259},[31,136028,99],{"class":41},[31,136030,271],{"class":259},[31,136032,79856],{"class":263},[31,136034,260],{"class":259},[31,136036,99],{"class":41},[31,136038,271],{"class":259},[31,136040,134822],{"class":263},[31,136042,260],{"class":259},[31,136044,59],{"class":41},[31,136046,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136048,134],{"class":133},[31,136050,137],{"class":41},[31,136052,6856],{"class":259},[31,136054,70],{"class":41},[31,136056,134095],{"class":140},[31,136058,137],{"class":41},[31,136060,4695],{"class":140},[31,136062,1569],{"class":41},[14,136064,358],{},[21,136066,136068],{"className":23,"code":136067,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"onetwothree\n",[28,136069,136070],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136071,136072],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136073,136067],{"class":37},[14,136075,136076,136077,7217],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[28,136078,134163],{},[613,136080,136082,136083,132287],{"id":136081},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[28,136084,134018],{},[21,136086,136088],{"className":23,"code":136087,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[28,136089,136090,136122,136140,136144],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136091,136092,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102,136104,136106,136108,136110,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136093,4651],{"class":37},[31,136095,89],{"class":88},[31,136097,4200],{"class":41},[31,136099,260],{"class":259},[31,136101,264],{"class":263},[31,136103,260],{"class":259},[31,136105,99],{"class":41},[31,136107,271],{"class":259},[31,136109,274],{"class":263},[31,136111,260],{"class":259},[31,136113,99],{"class":41},[31,136115,271],{"class":259},[31,136117,283],{"class":263},[31,136119,260],{"class":259},[31,136121,59],{"class":41},[31,136123,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132,136134,136136,136138],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136125,260],{"class":43935},[31,136127,212],{"class":43939},[31,136129,260],{"class":43935},[31,136131,70],{"class":41},[31,136133,134095],{"class":140},[31,136135,137],{"class":41},[31,136137,4695],{"class":140},[31,136139,120],{"class":41},[31,136141,136142],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,136143,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,136147,134],{"class":133},[31,136149,137],{"class":41},[31,136151,4695],{"class":140},[31,136153,120],{"class":41},[14,136155,358],{},[21,136157,136158],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,136159,136160],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136161,136162,136164,136166,136168,136170,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182,136184,136186],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136163,42],{"class":41},[31,136165,370],{"class":259},[31,136167,264],{"class":263},[31,136169,370],{"class":259},[31,136171,99],{"class":41},[31,136173,379],{"class":259},[31,136175,274],{"class":263},[31,136177,370],{"class":259},[31,136179,99],{"class":41},[31,136181,379],{"class":259},[31,136183,283],{"class":263},[31,136185,370],{"class":259},[31,136187,59],{"class":41},[14,136189,136190,136191,136193],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[28,136192,134018],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[72,136195,136197,136199,136200],{"id":136196},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[28,136198,134018],{}," vs concatenation with ",[28,136201,2636],{},[14,136203,11182,136204,4975,136206,136208],{},[28,136205,134018],{},[28,136207,2636],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[613,136210,2668,136212,136214],{"id":136211},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[28,136213,2636],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[21,136216,136218],{"className":23,"code":136217,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,136219,136220,136233,136246,136266,136270],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136221,136222,136225,136227,136229,136231],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136223,136224],{"class":37},"first ",[31,136226,89],{"class":88},[31,136228,271],{"class":259},[31,136230,35472],{"class":263},[31,136232,3934],{"class":259},[31,136234,136235,136238,136240,136242,136244],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136236,136237],{"class":37},"second ",[31,136239,89],{"class":88},[31,136241,271],{"class":259},[31,136243,90324],{"class":263},[31,136245,3934],{"class":259},[31,136247,136248,136250,136252,136255,136257,136259,136261,136263],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,136249,1522],{"class":37},[31,136251,89],{"class":88},[31,136253,136254],{"class":37}," first ",[31,136256,2636],{"class":88},[31,136258,271],{"class":259},[31,136260,271],{"class":259},[31,136262,3030],{"class":88},[31,136264,136265],{"class":37}," second\n",[31,136267,136268],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,136269,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,136271,136272,136274,136276,136278],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,136273,134],{"class":133},[31,136275,137],{"class":41},[31,136277,1550],{"class":140},[31,136279,120],{"class":41},[14,136281,358],{},[21,136283,136285],{"className":23,"code":136284,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Hello World\n",[28,136286,136287],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136288,136289],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136290,136284],{"class":37},[613,136292,2668,136294,136296],{"id":136293},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[28,136295,134018],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[21,136298,136300],{"className":23,"code":136299,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,136301,136302,136344,136364,136368],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136303,136304,136306,136308,136310,136312,136314,136316,136318,136320,136323,136325,136327,136329,136332,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136305,4651],{"class":37},[31,136307,89],{"class":88},[31,136309,4200],{"class":41},[31,136311,260],{"class":259},[31,136313,7884],{"class":263},[31,136315,260],{"class":259},[31,136317,99],{"class":41},[31,136319,271],{"class":259},[31,136321,136322],{"class":263},"makes",[31,136324,260],{"class":259},[31,136326,99],{"class":41},[31,136328,271],{"class":259},[31,136330,136331],{"class":263},"this",[31,136333,260],{"class":259},[31,136335,99],{"class":41},[31,136337,271],{"class":259},[31,136339,134517],{"class":263},[31,136341,260],{"class":259},[31,136343,59],{"class":41},[31,136345,136346,136348,136350,136352,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136347,1522],{"class":37},[31,136349,89],{"class":88},[31,136351,271],{"class":259},[31,136353,271],{"class":259},[31,136355,70],{"class":41},[31,136357,134095],{"class":140},[31,136359,137],{"class":41},[31,136361,4695],{"class":140},[31,136363,120],{"class":41},[31,136365,136366],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,136367,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,136369,136370,136372,136374,136376],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,136371,134],{"class":133},[31,136373,137],{"class":41},[31,136375,1550],{"class":140},[31,136377,120],{"class":41},[14,136379,358],{},[21,136381,136383],{"className":23,"code":136382,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Python makes this easy\n",[28,136384,136385],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136386,136387],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136388,136382],{"class":37},[14,136390,136391,136393],{},[28,136392,134018],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[228,136395,136396,136399,136402],{},[231,136397,136398],{},"You already have a list of strings",[231,136400,136401],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[231,136403,136404,136405,136407],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[28,136406,2636],{}," operators",[14,136409,136410,136411,70],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[264,136412,136414],{"href":136413},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[72,136416,136418],{"id":136417},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,136420,9466,136421,136423],{},[28,136422,134018],{}," is not working, check these first:",[228,136425,136426,136429,136434,136443,136449],{},[231,136427,136428],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[231,136430,136431,136432],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[28,136433,4357],{},[231,136435,136436,136437,11685,136440],{},"You may have written ",[28,136438,136439],{},"list.join(...)",[28,136441,136442],{},"string.join(...)",[231,136444,136445,136446,136448],{},"You may be expecting ",[28,136447,134018],{}," to change the original iterable",[231,136450,136451],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,136453,94964],{},[21,136455,136457],{"className":23,"code":136456,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[28,136458,136459,136473,136483,136507,136547],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136460,136461,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136462,134],{"class":133},[31,136464,137],{"class":41},[31,136466,1562],{"class":1561},[31,136468,137],{"class":41},[31,136470,8397],{"class":140},[31,136472,1569],{"class":41},[31,136474,136475,136477,136479,136481],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136476,134],{"class":133},[31,136478,137],{"class":41},[31,136480,8397],{"class":140},[31,136482,120],{"class":41},[31,136484,136485,136487,136489,136491,136493,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,136486,134],{"class":133},[31,136488,3564],{"class":41},[31,136490,1562],{"class":1561},[31,136492,137],{"class":41},[31,136494,23910],{"class":140},[31,136496,4238],{"class":41},[31,136498,4458],{"class":4457},[31,136500,6546],{"class":140},[31,136502,4464],{"class":4457},[31,136504,620],{"class":140},[31,136506,566],{"class":41},[31,136508,136509,136511,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,136510,134],{"class":133},[31,136512,137],{"class":41},[31,136514,370],{"class":259},[31,136516,379],{"class":259},[31,136518,70],{"class":41},[31,136520,134095],{"class":140},[31,136522,3564],{"class":41},[31,136524,370],{"class":259},[31,136526,264],{"class":263},[31,136528,370],{"class":259},[31,136530,99],{"class":41},[31,136532,379],{"class":259},[31,136534,274],{"class":263},[31,136536,370],{"class":259},[31,136538,99],{"class":41},[31,136540,379],{"class":259},[31,136542,283],{"class":263},[31,136544,370],{"class":259},[31,136546,2399],{"class":41},[31,136548,136549,136551,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567,136569,136571,136573,136575,136577,136579,136581,136583,136585],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,136550,134],{"class":133},[31,136552,137],{"class":41},[31,136554,370],{"class":259},[31,136556,2766],{"class":263},[31,136558,370],{"class":259},[31,136560,70],{"class":41},[31,136562,134095],{"class":140},[31,136564,137],{"class":41},[31,136566,40465],{"class":133},[31,136568,137],{"class":41},[31,136570,4019],{"class":1561},[31,136572,99],{"class":41},[31,136574,4200],{"class":41},[31,136576,146],{"class":95},[31,136578,99],{"class":41},[31,136580,3571],{"class":95},[31,136582,99],{"class":41},[31,136584,3027],{"class":95},[31,136586,37869],{"class":41},[14,136588,136589],{},"What these checks do:",[228,136591,136592,136600,136606,136612,136621],{},[231,136593,136594,136597,136598,8685],{},[28,136595,136596],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[28,136599,8397],{},[231,136601,136602,136605],{},[28,136603,136604],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[231,136607,136608,136611],{},[28,136609,136610],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[231,136613,136614,136617,136618,136620],{},[28,136615,136616],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[28,136619,134018],{}," behavior",[231,136622,136623,136626],{},[28,136624,136625],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[72,136628,2435],{"id":2434},[613,136630,13299,136632,136634],{"id":136631},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[28,136633,134018],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136636,136637,136638,136640,136641,70],{},"Not directly. ",[28,136639,134018],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[28,136642,136643],{},"map(str, values)",[613,136645,13299,136647,57772],{"id":136646},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[28,136648,134018],{},[14,136650,136651],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[613,136653,28930,136655,63243],{"id":136654},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[28,136656,134018],{},[14,136658,42758,136659,136661],{},[28,136660,134018],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[613,136663,2453,136665,2456],{"id":136664},"what-does-joinwords-do",[28,136666,136667],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136669,136670],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[613,136672,136674,136675,136677,136678,2466],{"id":136673},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[28,136676,3583],{}," when using ",[28,136679,134018],{},[14,136681,136682],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[72,136684,2475],{"id":2474},[228,136686,136687,136692,136698,136704,136710],{},[231,136688,136689],{},[264,136690,136691],{"href":136413},"How to join strings in Python",[231,136693,136694],{},[264,136695,126937,136696,11333],{"href":129624},[28,136697,61140],{},[231,136699,136700],{},[264,136701,4152,136702,4085],{"href":42781},[28,136703,48292],{},[231,136705,136706],{},[264,136707,30950,136708],{"href":135856},[28,136709,135859],{},[231,136711,136712],{},[264,136713,125692],{"href":51583},[14,136715,97934,136716,136718],{},[28,136717,134018],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2499,136720,136721],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":136723},[136724,136725,136727,136730,136737,136747,136755,136765,136772,136773,136785],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":134135,"depth":123,"text":136726},"What join() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":136728},[136729],{"id":49617,"depth":130,"text":49618},{"id":122467,"depth":123,"text":122468,"children":136731},[136732,136733,136734,136735],{"id":134482,"depth":130,"text":134483},{"id":134574,"depth":130,"text":134575},{"id":134675,"depth":130,"text":134676},{"id":134784,"depth":130,"text":136736},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134887,"depth":123,"text":134888,"children":136738},[136739,136741,136743,136745],{"id":134894,"depth":130,"text":136740},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134961,"depth":130,"text":136742},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":135050,"depth":130,"text":136744},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":135136,"depth":130,"text":136746},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135211,"depth":123,"text":135212,"children":136748},[136749,136750,136751,136753],{"id":135220,"depth":130,"text":135221},{"id":135303,"depth":130,"text":135304},{"id":135457,"depth":130,"text":136752},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135629,"depth":130,"text":136754},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135716,"depth":123,"text":136756,"children":136757},"Common errors with join()",[136758,136760,136762,136763],{"id":135725,"depth":130,"text":136759},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135862,"depth":130,"text":136761},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":136006,"depth":130,"text":136007},{"id":136081,"depth":130,"text":136764},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136196,"depth":123,"text":136766,"children":136767},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136768,136770],{"id":136211,"depth":130,"text":136769},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136293,"depth":130,"text":136771},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136417,"depth":123,"text":136418},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":136774},[136775,136777,136779,136781,136783],{"id":136631,"depth":130,"text":136776},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136646,"depth":130,"text":136778},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136654,"depth":130,"text":136780},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136664,"depth":130,"text":136782},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136673,"depth":130,"text":136784},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":134010,"description":136786},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136793,"title":136794,"body":136795,"description":138363,"extension":2542,"meta":138364,"navigation":126,"path":138365,"seo":138366,"stem":138367,"__hash__":138368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136796,"toc":138330},[136797,136802,136807,136809,136823,136868,136875,136880,136885,136887,136903,136912,136914,136916,136931,136933,136943,136945,137007,137009,137012,137073,137075,137091,137093,137106,137109,137156,137158,137164,137167,137170,137230,137238,137324,137328,137333,137335,137349,137352,137437,137440,137498,137509,137564,137566,137573,137579,137585,137629,137632,137679,137681,137683,137690,137692,137723,137726,137728,137759,137763,137766,137768,137808,137810,137853,137859,137864,137866,137893,137898,137901,137950,137954,137957,138032,138043,138046,138103,138110,138116,138124,138129,138136,138143,138161,138163,138217,138225,138227,138232,138235,138241,138247,138252,138255,138261,138267,138274,138282,138284,138327],[10,136798,123937,136800,11914],{"id":136799},"python-string-lower-method",[28,136801,124667],{},[14,136803,123942,136804,136806],{},[28,136805,124667],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136808,24687],{},[228,136810,136811,136814,136817,136820],{},[231,136812,136813],{},"convert text to lowercase",[231,136815,136816],{},"compare text without case differences",[231,136818,136819],{},"clean up user input",[231,136821,136822],{},"make simple text matching easier",[21,136824,136826],{"className":23,"code":136825,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[28,136827,136828,136841,136855],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136829,136830,136832,136834,136836,136839],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136831,35292],{"class":37},[31,136833,89],{"class":88},[31,136835,271],{"class":259},[31,136837,136838],{"class":263},"Hello WORLD",[31,136840,3934],{"class":259},[31,136842,136843,136845,136847,136849,136851,136853],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136844,1522],{"class":37},[31,136846,89],{"class":88},[31,136848,43448],{"class":37},[31,136850,70],{"class":41},[31,136852,9231],{"class":140},[31,136854,1772],{"class":41},[31,136856,136857,136859,136861,136863,136865],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,136858,134],{"class":133},[31,136860,137],{"class":41},[31,136862,1550],{"class":140},[31,136864,4238],{"class":41},[31,136866,136867],{"class":157},"  # hello world\n",[14,136869,136870,89547,136872,136874],{},[67,136871,84405],{},[28,136873,124667],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[72,136876,4255,136878,4258],{"id":136877},"what-lower-does",[28,136879,124667],{},[14,136881,136882,136884],{},[28,136883,124667],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136886,13648],{},[228,136888,136889,136894,136897,136900],{},[231,136890,136891,136893],{},[28,136892,124667],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[231,136895,136896],{},"It works on string objects",[231,136898,136899],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[231,136901,136902],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136904,125689,136905,136909,136910,70],{},[264,136906,136908],{"href":136907},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[264,136911,51584],{"href":51583},[72,136913,2733],{"id":2732},[14,136915,2736],{},[21,136917,136919],{"className":23,"code":136918,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.lower()\n",[28,136920,136921],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136922,136923,136925,136927,136929],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136924,61782],{"class":37},[31,136926,70],{"class":41},[31,136928,9231],{"class":140},[31,136930,1772],{"class":41},[14,136932,44257],{},[228,136934,136935,136937,136940],{},[231,136936,98112],{},[231,136938,136939],{},"You call it directly on a string",[231,136941,136942],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136944,242],{},[21,136946,136948],{"className":23,"code":136947,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[28,136949,136950,136973,136977,136990],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,136951,136952,136954,136956,136958,136961,136963,136965,136967,136970],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,136953,134],{"class":133},[31,136955,137],{"class":41},[31,136957,260],{"class":259},[31,136959,136960],{"class":263},"HELLO",[31,136962,260],{"class":259},[31,136964,70],{"class":41},[31,136966,9231],{"class":140},[31,136968,136969],{"class":41},"())",[31,136971,136972],{"class":157},"  # hello\n",[31,136974,136975],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,136976,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,136978,136979,136981,136983,136985,136988],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,136980,8464],{"class":37},[31,136982,89],{"class":88},[31,136984,271],{"class":259},[31,136986,136987],{"class":263},"PyThOn",[31,136989,3934],{"class":259},[31,136991,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000,137002,137004],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,136993,134],{"class":133},[31,136995,137],{"class":41},[31,136997,8256],{"class":140},[31,136999,70],{"class":41},[31,137001,9231],{"class":140},[31,137003,136969],{"class":41},[31,137005,137006],{"class":157},"  # python\n",[72,137008,12068],{"id":12067},[14,137010,137011],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[21,137013,137015],{"className":23,"code":137014,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[28,137016,137017,137029,137033,137048,137052,137063],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137018,137019,137021,137023,137025,137027],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137020,35292],{"class":37},[31,137022,89],{"class":88},[31,137024,271],{"class":259},[31,137026,136838],{"class":263},[31,137028,3934],{"class":259},[31,137030,137031],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137032,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137034,137035,137038,137040,137042,137044,137046],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137036,137037],{"class":37},"lower_text ",[31,137039,89],{"class":88},[31,137041,43448],{"class":37},[31,137043,70],{"class":41},[31,137045,9231],{"class":140},[31,137047,1772],{"class":41},[31,137049,137050],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137051,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137053,137054,137056,137058,137061],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,137055,134],{"class":133},[31,137057,137],{"class":41},[31,137059,137060],{"class":140},"lower_text",[31,137062,120],{"class":41},[31,137064,137065,137067,137069,137071],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,137066,134],{"class":133},[31,137068,137],{"class":41},[31,137070,35313],{"class":140},[31,137072,120],{"class":41},[14,137074,358],{},[21,137076,137078],{"className":23,"code":137077,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[28,137079,137080,137084],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137081,137082],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137083,134952],{"class":37},[31,137085,137086,137088],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137087,132353],{"class":37},[31,137089,137090],{"class":35057},"WORLD\n",[14,137092,25207],{},[228,137094,137095,137100],{},[231,137096,137097,137099],{},[28,137098,124667],{}," returns the lowercase result",[231,137101,137102,137103,137105],{},"the original ",[28,137104,35313],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,137107,137108],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[21,137110,137112],{"className":23,"code":137111,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[28,137113,137114,137126,137140,137144],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137115,137116,137118,137120,137122,137124],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137117,35292],{"class":37},[31,137119,89],{"class":88},[31,137121,271],{"class":259},[31,137123,136838],{"class":263},[31,137125,3934],{"class":259},[31,137127,137128,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137129,35292],{"class":37},[31,137131,89],{"class":88},[31,137133,43448],{"class":37},[31,137135,70],{"class":41},[31,137137,9231],{"class":140},[31,137139,1772],{"class":41},[31,137141,137142],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137143,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137145,137146,137148,137150,137152,137154],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137147,134],{"class":133},[31,137149,137],{"class":41},[31,137151,35313],{"class":140},[31,137153,4238],{"class":41},[31,137155,136867],{"class":157},[72,137157,18017],{"id":18016},[14,137159,137160,22574,137162,70],{},[28,137161,124667],{},[67,137163,61782],{},[14,137165,137166],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,137168,137169],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[21,137171,137173],{"className":23,"code":137172,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[28,137174,137175,137189,137193,137216],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137176,137177,137180,137182,137184,137187],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137178,137179],{"class":37},"answer ",[31,137181,89],{"class":88},[31,137183,271],{"class":259},[31,137185,137186],{"class":263},"YES",[31,137188,3934],{"class":259},[31,137190,137191],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137192,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137194,137195,137197,137200,137202,137204,137206,137208,137210,137212,137214],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137196,7584],{"class":4457},[31,137198,137199],{"class":37}," answer",[31,137201,70],{"class":41},[31,137203,9231],{"class":140},[31,137205,7953],{"class":41},[31,137207,6993],{"class":88},[31,137209,271],{"class":259},[31,137211,9248],{"class":263},[31,137213,260],{"class":259},[31,137215,6978],{"class":41},[31,137217,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137219,8657],{"class":133},[31,137221,137],{"class":41},[31,137223,260],{"class":259},[31,137225,97421],{"class":263},[31,137227,260],{"class":259},[31,137229,120],{"class":41},[14,137231,137232,137233,48],{},"This is especially useful with ",[264,137234,137235,137236,2879],{"href":8808},"the ",[28,137237,3536],{},[21,137239,137241],{"className":23,"code":137240,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[28,137242,137243,137262,137266,137288,137303,137309],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137244,137245,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255,137258,137260],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137246,137179],{"class":37},[31,137248,89],{"class":88},[31,137250,8831],{"class":133},[31,137252,137],{"class":41},[31,137254,260],{"class":259},[31,137256,137257],{"class":263},"Type yes or no: ",[31,137259,260],{"class":259},[31,137261,120],{"class":41},[31,137263,137264],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137265,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137267,137268,137270,137272,137274,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137269,7584],{"class":4457},[31,137271,137199],{"class":37},[31,137273,70],{"class":41},[31,137275,9231],{"class":140},[31,137277,7953],{"class":41},[31,137279,6993],{"class":88},[31,137281,271],{"class":259},[31,137283,9248],{"class":263},[31,137285,260],{"class":259},[31,137287,6978],{"class":41},[31,137289,137290,137292,137294,137296,137299,137301],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137291,8657],{"class":133},[31,137293,137],{"class":41},[31,137295,260],{"class":259},[31,137297,137298],{"class":263},"You typed yes",[31,137300,260],{"class":259},[31,137302,120],{"class":41},[31,137304,137305,137307],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,137306,28035],{"class":4457},[31,137308,6978],{"class":41},[31,137310,137311,137313,137315,137317,137320,137322],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,137312,8657],{"class":133},[31,137314,137],{"class":41},[31,137316,260],{"class":259},[31,137318,137319],{"class":263},"You typed something else",[31,137321,260],{"class":259},[31,137323,120],{"class":41},[72,137325,137327],{"id":137326},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,137329,137330,137332],{},[28,137331,124667],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,137334,7930],{},[228,137336,137337,137340,137343,137346],{},[231,137338,137339],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[231,137341,137342],{},"Make text matching easier",[231,137344,137345],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[231,137347,137348],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,137350,137351],{},"Example: checking user input",[21,137353,137355],{"className":23,"code":137354,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[28,137356,137357,137375,137379,137401,137416,137422],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137358,137359,137361,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371,137373],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137360,45566],{"class":37},[31,137362,89],{"class":88},[31,137364,8831],{"class":133},[31,137366,137],{"class":41},[31,137368,260],{"class":259},[31,137370,45577],{"class":263},[31,137372,260],{"class":259},[31,137374,120],{"class":41},[31,137376,137377],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137378,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137380,137381,137383,137385,137387,137389,137391,137393,137395,137397,137399],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137382,7584],{"class":4457},[31,137384,36457],{"class":37},[31,137386,70],{"class":41},[31,137388,9231],{"class":140},[31,137390,7953],{"class":41},[31,137392,6993],{"class":88},[31,137394,271],{"class":259},[31,137396,13706],{"class":263},[31,137398,260],{"class":259},[31,137400,6978],{"class":41},[31,137402,137403,137405,137407,137409,137412,137414],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137404,8657],{"class":133},[31,137406,137],{"class":41},[31,137408,260],{"class":259},[31,137410,137411],{"class":263},"Nice choice!",[31,137413,260],{"class":259},[31,137415,120],{"class":41},[31,137417,137418,137420],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,137419,28035],{"class":4457},[31,137421,6978],{"class":41},[31,137423,137424,137426,137428,137430,137433,137435],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,137425,8657],{"class":133},[31,137427,137],{"class":41},[31,137429,260],{"class":259},[31,137431,137432],{"class":263},"Got it.",[31,137434,260],{"class":259},[31,137436,120],{"class":41},[14,137438,137439],{},"Example: simple search",[21,137441,137443],{"className":23,"code":137442,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[28,137444,137445,137458,137462,137483],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137446,137447,137449,137451,137453,137456],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137448,90591],{"class":37},[31,137450,89],{"class":88},[31,137452,271],{"class":259},[31,137454,137455],{"class":263},"Python Is Fun",[31,137457,3934],{"class":259},[31,137459,137460],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137461,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137463,137464,137466,137468,137470,137472,137474,137477,137479,137481],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137465,7584],{"class":4457},[31,137467,271],{"class":259},[31,137469,25],{"class":263},[31,137471,260],{"class":259},[31,137473,21772],{"class":88},[31,137475,137476],{"class":37}," message",[31,137478,70],{"class":41},[31,137480,9231],{"class":140},[31,137482,22194],{"class":41},[31,137484,137485,137487,137489,137491,137494,137496],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137486,8657],{"class":133},[31,137488,137],{"class":41},[31,137490,260],{"class":259},[31,137492,137493],{"class":263},"Found it",[31,137495,260],{"class":259},[31,137497,120],{"class":41},[14,137499,137500,137501,137503,137504,48],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[28,137502,124667],{}," is often used with ",[264,137505,137507],{"href":137506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[28,137508,42259],{},[21,137510,137512],{"className":23,"code":137511,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[28,137513,137514,137527,137546,137550],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137515,137516,137518,137520,137522,137525],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137517,8464],{"class":37},[31,137519,89],{"class":88},[31,137521,271],{"class":259},[31,137523,137524],{"class":263},"  ALICE  ",[31,137526,3934],{"class":259},[31,137528,137529,137532,137534,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137530,137531],{"class":37},"clean_name ",[31,137533,89],{"class":88},[31,137535,36598],{"class":37},[31,137537,70],{"class":41},[31,137539,9225],{"class":140},[31,137541,9228],{"class":41},[31,137543,9231],{"class":140},[31,137545,1772],{"class":41},[31,137547,137548],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137549,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137551,137552,137554,137556,137559,137561],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137553,134],{"class":133},[31,137555,137],{"class":41},[31,137557,137558],{"class":140},"clean_name",[31,137560,4238],{"class":41},[31,137562,137563],{"class":157},"  # alice\n",[72,137565,16194],{"id":16193},[14,137567,137568,137569,137572],{},"Strings are ",[67,137570,137571],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137574,137575,137576,137578],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[28,137577,124667],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137580,137581,137582,137584],{},"So this does ",[67,137583,5213],{}," update the original variable:",[21,137586,137588],{"className":23,"code":137587,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[28,137589,137590,137602,137612,137616],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137591,137592,137594,137596,137598,137600],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137593,35292],{"class":37},[31,137595,89],{"class":88},[31,137597,271],{"class":259},[31,137599,136960],{"class":263},[31,137601,3934],{"class":259},[31,137603,137604,137606,137608,137610],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137605,35313],{"class":37},[31,137607,70],{"class":41},[31,137609,9231],{"class":140},[31,137611,1772],{"class":41},[31,137613,137614],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137615,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137617,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137619,134],{"class":133},[31,137621,137],{"class":41},[31,137623,35313],{"class":140},[31,137625,4238],{"class":41},[31,137627,137628],{"class":157},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137630,137631],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[21,137633,137635],{"className":23,"code":137634,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[28,137636,137637,137649,137663,137667],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137640,35292],{"class":37},[31,137642,89],{"class":88},[31,137644,271],{"class":259},[31,137646,136960],{"class":263},[31,137648,3934],{"class":259},[31,137650,137651,137653,137655,137657,137659,137661],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137652,35292],{"class":37},[31,137654,89],{"class":88},[31,137656,43448],{"class":37},[31,137658,70],{"class":41},[31,137660,9231],{"class":140},[31,137662,1772],{"class":41},[31,137664,137665],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137666,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137668,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137670,134],{"class":133},[31,137672,137],{"class":41},[31,137674,35313],{"class":140},[31,137676,4238],{"class":41},[31,137678,136972],{"class":157},[72,137680,3407],{"id":3406},[613,137682,26288],{"id":26287},[14,137684,137685,137686,11685,137688,70],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[28,137687,9231],{},[28,137689,124667],{},[14,137691,17241],{},[21,137693,137695],{"className":23,"code":137694,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[28,137696,137697,137709],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137698,137699,137701,137703,137705,137707],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137700,35292],{"class":37},[31,137702,89],{"class":88},[31,137704,271],{"class":259},[31,137706,136960],{"class":263},[31,137708,3934],{"class":259},[31,137710,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719,137721],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137712,134],{"class":133},[31,137714,137],{"class":41},[31,137716,35313],{"class":140},[31,137718,70],{"class":41},[31,137720,9231],{"class":25350},[31,137722,120],{"class":41},[14,137724,137725],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137727,17253],{},[21,137729,137731],{"className":23,"code":137730,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[28,137732,137733,137745],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137734,137735,137737,137739,137741,137743],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137736,35292],{"class":37},[31,137738,89],{"class":88},[31,137740,271],{"class":259},[31,137742,136960],{"class":263},[31,137744,3934],{"class":259},[31,137746,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755,137757],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137748,134],{"class":133},[31,137750,137],{"class":41},[31,137752,35313],{"class":140},[31,137754,70],{"class":41},[31,137756,9231],{"class":140},[31,137758,7781],{"class":41},[613,137760,137762],{"id":137761},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137764,137765],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137767,17241],{},[21,137769,137771],{"className":23,"code":137770,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[28,137772,137773,137785,137795],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137774,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137776,35292],{"class":37},[31,137778,89],{"class":88},[31,137780,271],{"class":259},[31,137782,136960],{"class":263},[31,137784,3934],{"class":259},[31,137786,137787,137789,137791,137793],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137788,35313],{"class":37},[31,137790,70],{"class":41},[31,137792,9231],{"class":140},[31,137794,1772],{"class":41},[31,137796,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137798,134],{"class":133},[31,137800,137],{"class":41},[31,137802,35313],{"class":140},[31,137804,4238],{"class":41},[31,137806,137807],{"class":157},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137809,17253],{},[21,137811,137813],{"className":23,"code":137812,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[28,137814,137815,137827,137841],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137816,137817,137819,137821,137823,137825],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137818,35292],{"class":37},[31,137820,89],{"class":88},[31,137822,271],{"class":259},[31,137824,136960],{"class":263},[31,137826,3934],{"class":259},[31,137828,137829,137831,137833,137835,137837,137839],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137830,35292],{"class":37},[31,137832,89],{"class":88},[31,137834,43448],{"class":37},[31,137836,70],{"class":41},[31,137838,9231],{"class":140},[31,137840,1772],{"class":41},[31,137842,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137844,134],{"class":133},[31,137846,137],{"class":41},[31,137848,35313],{"class":140},[31,137850,4238],{"class":41},[31,137852,136972],{"class":157},[613,137854,9007,137856,137858],{"id":137855},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[28,137857,124667],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137860,137861,137863],{},[28,137862,124667],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137865,17241],{},[21,137867,137869],{"className":23,"code":137868,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[28,137870,137871,137879],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137872,137873,137875,137877],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137874,2794],{"class":37},[31,137876,89],{"class":88},[31,137878,125619],{"class":95},[31,137880,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137882,134],{"class":133},[31,137884,137],{"class":41},[31,137886,2816],{"class":140},[31,137888,70],{"class":41},[31,137890,9231],{"class":140},[31,137892,7781],{"class":41},[14,137894,137895,137896,34205],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[28,137897,124667],{},[14,137899,137900],{},"You can check the type first:",[21,137902,137904],{"className":23,"code":137903,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[28,137905,137906,137918,137922,137936],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137909,35292],{"class":37},[31,137911,89],{"class":88},[31,137913,271],{"class":259},[31,137915,136960],{"class":263},[31,137917,3934],{"class":259},[31,137919,137920],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137921,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137923,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137925,134],{"class":133},[31,137927,137],{"class":41},[31,137929,1562],{"class":1561},[31,137931,137],{"class":41},[31,137933,35313],{"class":140},[31,137935,1569],{"class":41},[31,137937,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137948],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137939,134],{"class":133},[31,137941,137],{"class":41},[31,137943,35313],{"class":140},[31,137945,70],{"class":41},[31,137947,9231],{"class":140},[31,137949,7781],{"class":41},[613,137951,137953],{"id":137952},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137955,137956],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[21,137958,137960],{"className":23,"code":137959,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[28,137961,137962,137975,137979,137996,138011,138017],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,137963,137964,137966,137968,137970,137973],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,137965,137179],{"class":37},[31,137967,89],{"class":88},[31,137969,271],{"class":259},[31,137971,137972],{"class":263},"Yes",[31,137974,3934],{"class":259},[31,137976,137977],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,137978,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,137980,137981,137983,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,137982,7584],{"class":4457},[31,137984,137985],{"class":37}," answer ",[31,137987,5271],{"class":88},[31,137989,271],{"class":259},[31,137991,9248],{"class":263},[31,137993,260],{"class":259},[31,137995,6978],{"class":41},[31,137997,137998,138000,138002,138004,138007,138009],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,137999,8657],{"class":133},[31,138001,137],{"class":41},[31,138003,260],{"class":259},[31,138005,138006],{"class":263},"Match",[31,138008,260],{"class":259},[31,138010,120],{"class":41},[31,138012,138013,138015],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,138014,28035],{"class":4457},[31,138016,6978],{"class":41},[31,138018,138019,138021,138023,138025,138028,138030],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,138020,8657],{"class":133},[31,138022,137],{"class":41},[31,138024,260],{"class":259},[31,138026,138027],{"class":263},"No match",[31,138029,260],{"class":259},[31,138031,120],{"class":41},[14,138033,29663,138034,4975,138037,138040,138041,70],{},[28,138035,138036],{},"\"Yes\"",[28,138038,138039],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[28,138042,138027],{},[14,138044,138045],{},"Better:",[21,138047,138049],{"className":23,"code":138048,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[28,138050,138051,138063,138067,138089],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138052,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138054,137179],{"class":37},[31,138056,89],{"class":88},[31,138058,271],{"class":259},[31,138060,137972],{"class":263},[31,138062,3934],{"class":259},[31,138064,138065],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138066,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,138068,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077,138079,138081,138083,138085,138087],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138070,7584],{"class":4457},[31,138072,137199],{"class":37},[31,138074,70],{"class":41},[31,138076,9231],{"class":140},[31,138078,7953],{"class":41},[31,138080,6993],{"class":88},[31,138082,271],{"class":259},[31,138084,9248],{"class":263},[31,138086,260],{"class":259},[31,138088,6978],{"class":41},[31,138090,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,138092,8657],{"class":133},[31,138094,137],{"class":41},[31,138096,260],{"class":259},[31,138098,138006],{"class":263},[31,138100,260],{"class":259},[31,138102,120],{"class":41},[613,138104,44820,138106,138109],{"id":138105},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[28,138107,138108],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,138111,138112,138113,138115],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[28,138114,124667],{}," is enough.",[14,138117,138118,138119,138121,138122,70],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[28,138120,138108],{}," can be stronger than ",[28,138123,124667],{},[14,138125,138126,138127,123179],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[28,138128,124667],{},[72,138130,138132,11177,138134],{"id":138131},"lower-vs-upper",[28,138133,124667],{},[28,138135,128815],{},[14,138137,138138,4975,138140,138142],{},[28,138139,124667],{},[28,138141,128815],{}," are very similar.",[228,138144,138145,138150,138155,138158],{},[231,138146,138147,138149],{},[28,138148,124667],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[231,138151,138152,138154],{},[28,138153,128815],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[231,138156,138157],{},"Both return new strings",[231,138159,138160],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,138162,242],{},[21,138164,138166],{"className":23,"code":138165,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[28,138167,138168,138180,138184,138200],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138169,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138171,35292],{"class":37},[31,138173,89],{"class":88},[31,138175,271],{"class":259},[31,138177,129656],{"class":263},[31,138179,3934],{"class":259},[31,138181,138182],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138183,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,138185,138186,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138187,134],{"class":133},[31,138189,137],{"class":41},[31,138191,35313],{"class":140},[31,138193,70],{"class":41},[31,138195,9231],{"class":140},[31,138197,136969],{"class":41},[31,138199,136867],{"class":157},[31,138201,138202,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,138203,134],{"class":133},[31,138205,137],{"class":41},[31,138207,35313],{"class":140},[31,138209,70],{"class":41},[31,138211,35082],{"class":140},[31,138213,136969],{"class":41},[31,138215,138216],{"class":157},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,138218,138219,138220,70],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[264,138221,126937,138223,11333],{"href":138222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[28,138224,128815],{},[72,138226,2435],{"id":2434},[613,138228,13299,138230,125264],{"id":138229},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[28,138231,124667],{},[14,138233,138234],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[613,138236,13299,138238,138240],{"id":138237},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[28,138239,124667],{}," take any arguments?",[14,138242,138243,138244,70],{},"No. The method is called as ",[28,138245,138246],{},"string.lower()",[613,138248,2453,138250,13311],{"id":138249},"what-does-lower-return",[28,138251,124667],{},[14,138253,138254],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[613,138256,28930,138258,138260],{"id":138257},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[28,138259,124667],{}," on user input?",[14,138262,138263,138264,138266],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[28,138265,3536],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[613,138268,5762,138270,4975,138272,2466],{"id":138269},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[28,138271,124667],{},[28,138273,138108],{},[14,138275,138276,138278,138279,138281],{},[28,138277,124667],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[28,138280,138108],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[72,138283,2475],{"id":2474},[228,138285,138286,138290,138296,138302,138308,138312,138316,138322],{},[231,138287,138288],{},[264,138289,51584],{"href":51583},[231,138291,138292],{},[264,138293,126937,138294,11333],{"href":138222},[28,138295,128815],{},[231,138297,138298],{},[264,138299,126937,138300,11333],{"href":137506},[28,138301,42259],{},[231,138303,138304],{},[264,138305,126937,138306,11333],{"href":130518},[28,138307,125108],{},[231,138309,138310],{},[264,138311,125336],{"href":124192},[231,138313,138314],{},[264,138315,91267],{"href":90276},[231,138317,138318],{},[264,138319,4152,138320,4085],{"href":8808},[28,138321,3536],{},[231,138323,138324],{},[264,138325,138326],{"href":136907},"What is a string in Python?",[2499,138328,138329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":138331},[138332,138334,138335,138336,138337,138338,138339,138348,138350,138362],{"id":136877,"depth":123,"text":138333},"What lower() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":137326,"depth":123,"text":137327},{"id":16193,"depth":123,"text":16194},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":138340},[138341,138342,138343,138345,138346],{"id":26287,"depth":130,"text":26288},{"id":137761,"depth":130,"text":137762},{"id":137855,"depth":130,"text":138344},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137952,"depth":130,"text":137953},{"id":138105,"depth":130,"text":138347},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":138131,"depth":123,"text":138349},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":138351},[138352,138354,138356,138358,138360],{"id":138229,"depth":130,"text":138353},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138237,"depth":130,"text":138355},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138249,"depth":130,"text":138357},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138257,"depth":130,"text":138359},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138269,"depth":130,"text":138361},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136794,"description":138363},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138370,"title":138371,"body":138372,"description":139922,"extension":2542,"meta":139923,"navigation":126,"path":139924,"seo":139925,"stem":139926,"__hash__":139927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138373,"toc":139883},[138374,138379,138384,138390,138405,138407,138467,138469,138478,138484,138489,138494,138496,138510,138514,138516,138563,138565,138583,138585,138588,138659,138661,138675,138678,138690,138699,138703,138708,138713,138717,138783,138785,138794,138798,138863,138865,138874,138877,138882,138886,138891,138895,138956,138958,138967,138971,138974,139030,139032,139041,139044,139057,139059,139063,139070,139132,139134,139147,139153,139156,139163,139168,139173,139176,139184,139186,139247,139249,139258,139261,139308,139311,139358,139360,139365,139382,139389,139394,139447,139449,139457,139459,139516,139518,139526,139530,139577,139579,139587,139595,139599,139647,139649,139658,139663,139714,139716,139725,139732,139735,139756,139758,139763,139766,139770,139773,139777,139780,139807,139813,139816,139843,139848,139850,139852,139880],[10,138375,123937,138377,11914],{"id":138376},"python-string-replace-method",[28,138378,125108],{},[14,138380,123942,138381,138383],{},[28,138382,125108],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,138385,138386,138387,138389],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[28,138388,125108],{},". You will learn:",[228,138391,138392,138396,138399,138402],{},[231,138393,26620,138394,4258],{},[28,138395,125108],{},[231,138397,138398],{},"how its syntax works",[231,138400,138401],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[231,138403,138404],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[72,138406,75],{"id":74},[21,138408,138410],{"className":23,"code":138409,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[28,138411,138412,138425,138457],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138413,138414,138416,138418,138420,138423],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138415,35292],{"class":37},[31,138417,89],{"class":88},[31,138419,271],{"class":259},[31,138421,138422],{"class":263},"I like cats",[31,138424,3934],{"class":259},[31,138426,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138444,138446,138448,138450,138453,138455],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138428,130776],{"class":37},[31,138430,89],{"class":88},[31,138432,43448],{"class":37},[31,138434,70],{"class":41},[31,138436,35604],{"class":140},[31,138438,137],{"class":41},[31,138440,260],{"class":259},[31,138442,138443],{"class":263},"cats",[31,138445,260],{"class":259},[31,138447,99],{"class":41},[31,138449,271],{"class":259},[31,138451,138452],{"class":263},"dogs",[31,138454,260],{"class":259},[31,138456,120],{"class":41},[31,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138460,134],{"class":133},[31,138462,137],{"class":41},[31,138464,130807],{"class":140},[31,138466,120],{"class":41},[14,138468,358],{},[21,138470,138472],{"className":23,"code":138471,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"I like dogs\n",[28,138473,138474],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138475,138476],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138477,138471],{"class":37},[14,138479,2668,138480,138483],{},[28,138481,138482],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[72,138485,4255,138487,4258],{"id":138486},"what-replace-does",[28,138488,125108],{},[14,138490,138491,138493],{},[28,138492,125108],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,138495,13648],{},[228,138497,138498,138500,138502,138505],{},[231,138499,134184],{},[231,138501,136902],{},[231,138503,138504],{},"It works on exact matches",[231,138506,138507,138508],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[28,138509,41865],{},[14,138511,125689,138512,70],{},[264,138513,125692],{"href":51583},[72,138515,6015],{"id":6014},[21,138517,138519],{"className":23,"code":138518,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[28,138520,138521,138541],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138522,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138534,138536,138539],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138524,61782],{"class":37},[31,138526,70],{"class":41},[31,138528,35604],{"class":140},[31,138530,137],{"class":41},[31,138532,138533],{"class":140},"old",[31,138535,99],{"class":41},[31,138537,138538],{"class":140}," new",[31,138540,120],{"class":41},[31,138542,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138544,61782],{"class":37},[31,138546,70],{"class":41},[31,138548,35604],{"class":140},[31,138550,137],{"class":41},[31,138552,138533],{"class":140},[31,138554,99],{"class":41},[31,138556,138538],{"class":140},[31,138558,99],{"class":41},[31,138560,50210],{"class":140},[31,138562,120],{"class":41},[613,138564,17993],{"id":17992},[228,138566,138567,138572,138578],{},[231,138568,138569,138571],{},[28,138570,138533],{}," = the text to find",[231,138573,138574,138577],{},[28,138575,138576],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[231,138579,138580,138582],{},[28,138581,41865],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[72,138584,6372],{"id":6371},[14,138586,138587],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[21,138589,138591],{"className":23,"code":138590,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[28,138592,138593,138605,138635,138639,138649],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138594,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138596,35292],{"class":37},[31,138598,89],{"class":88},[31,138600,271],{"class":259},[31,138602,138422],{"class":263},[31,138604,3934],{"class":259},[31,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138608,130776],{"class":37},[31,138610,89],{"class":88},[31,138612,43448],{"class":37},[31,138614,70],{"class":41},[31,138616,35604],{"class":140},[31,138618,137],{"class":41},[31,138620,260],{"class":259},[31,138622,138443],{"class":263},[31,138624,260],{"class":259},[31,138626,99],{"class":41},[31,138628,271],{"class":259},[31,138630,138452],{"class":263},[31,138632,260],{"class":259},[31,138634,120],{"class":41},[31,138636,138637],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138638,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,138640,138641,138643,138645,138647],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,138642,134],{"class":133},[31,138644,137],{"class":41},[31,138646,35313],{"class":140},[31,138648,120],{"class":41},[31,138650,138651,138653,138655,138657],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,138652,134],{"class":133},[31,138654,137],{"class":41},[31,138656,130807],{"class":140},[31,138658,120],{"class":41},[14,138660,358],{},[21,138662,138664],{"className":23,"code":138663,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[28,138665,138666,138671],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138667,138668],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138669,138670],{"class":37},"I like cats\n",[31,138672,138673],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138674,138471],{"class":37},[14,138676,138677],{},"Notice what happened:",[228,138679,138680,138685],{},[231,138681,138682,138684],{},[28,138683,35313],{}," did not change",[231,138686,138687,138689],{},[28,138688,130807],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138691,138692,138693,138695,138696,138698],{},"This happens because strings are ",[67,138694,137571],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[28,138697,125108],{}," return a new string instead.",[72,138700,138702],{"id":138701},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138704,90285,138705,138707],{},[28,138706,125108],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138709,138710,138711,37226],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[28,138712,41865],{},[613,138714,138716],{"id":138715},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[21,138718,138720],{"className":23,"code":138719,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,138721,138722,138735,138769,138773],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138723,138724,138726,138728,138730,138733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138725,35292],{"class":37},[31,138727,89],{"class":88},[31,138729,271],{"class":259},[31,138731,138732],{"class":263},"cat cat cat",[31,138734,3934],{"class":259},[31,138736,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138738,1522],{"class":37},[31,138740,89],{"class":88},[31,138742,43448],{"class":37},[31,138744,70],{"class":41},[31,138746,35604],{"class":140},[31,138748,137],{"class":41},[31,138750,260],{"class":259},[31,138752,37651],{"class":263},[31,138754,260],{"class":259},[31,138756,99],{"class":41},[31,138758,271],{"class":259},[31,138760,58736],{"class":263},[31,138762,260],{"class":259},[31,138764,99],{"class":41},[31,138766,6082],{"class":95},[31,138768,120],{"class":41},[31,138770,138771],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138772,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,138774,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,138776,134],{"class":133},[31,138778,137],{"class":41},[31,138780,1550],{"class":140},[31,138782,120],{"class":41},[14,138784,358],{},[21,138786,138788],{"className":23,"code":138787,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dog cat cat\n",[28,138789,138790],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138791,138792],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138793,138787],{"class":37},[613,138795,138797],{"id":138796},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[21,138799,138801],{"className":23,"code":138800,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,138802,138803,138815,138849,138853],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138804,138805,138807,138809,138811,138813],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138806,35292],{"class":37},[31,138808,89],{"class":88},[31,138810,271],{"class":259},[31,138812,138732],{"class":263},[31,138814,3934],{"class":259},[31,138816,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138818,1522],{"class":37},[31,138820,89],{"class":88},[31,138822,43448],{"class":37},[31,138824,70],{"class":41},[31,138826,35604],{"class":140},[31,138828,137],{"class":41},[31,138830,260],{"class":259},[31,138832,37651],{"class":263},[31,138834,260],{"class":259},[31,138836,99],{"class":41},[31,138838,271],{"class":259},[31,138840,58736],{"class":263},[31,138842,260],{"class":259},[31,138844,99],{"class":41},[31,138846,3571],{"class":95},[31,138848,120],{"class":41},[31,138850,138851],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138852,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,138854,138855,138857,138859,138861],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,138856,134],{"class":133},[31,138858,137],{"class":41},[31,138860,1550],{"class":140},[31,138862,120],{"class":41},[14,138864,358],{},[21,138866,138868],{"className":23,"code":138867,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"dog dog cat\n",[28,138869,138870],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138871,138872],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138873,138867],{"class":37},[14,138875,138876],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138878,138879,138880,70],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[264,138881,128661],{"href":125105},[72,138883,138885],{"id":138884},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138887,138888,138890],{},[28,138889,125108],{}," can also change single characters.",[613,138892,138894],{"id":138893},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[21,138896,138898],{"className":23,"code":138897,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,138899,138900,138912,138942,138946],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138901,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138903,35292],{"class":37},[31,138905,89],{"class":88},[31,138907,271],{"class":259},[31,138909,4669],{"class":263},[31,138911,3934],{"class":259},[31,138913,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138915,1522],{"class":37},[31,138917,89],{"class":88},[31,138919,43448],{"class":37},[31,138921,70],{"class":41},[31,138923,35604],{"class":140},[31,138925,137],{"class":41},[31,138927,260],{"class":259},[31,138929,264],{"class":263},[31,138931,260],{"class":259},[31,138933,99],{"class":41},[31,138935,271],{"class":259},[31,138937,61082],{"class":263},[31,138939,260],{"class":259},[31,138941,120],{"class":41},[31,138943,138944],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,138945,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,138947,138948,138950,138952,138954],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,138949,134],{"class":133},[31,138951,137],{"class":41},[31,138953,1550],{"class":140},[31,138955,120],{"class":41},[14,138957,358],{},[21,138959,138961],{"className":23,"code":138960,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"bonono\n",[28,138962,138963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138964,138965],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138966,138960],{"class":37},[613,138968,138970],{"id":138969},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138972,138973],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[21,138975,138977],{"className":23,"code":138976,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,138978,138979,138992,139016,139020],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,138980,138981,138983,138985,138987,138990],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,138982,35292],{"class":37},[31,138984,89],{"class":88},[31,138986,271],{"class":259},[31,138988,138989],{"class":263},"a b c",[31,138991,3934],{"class":259},[31,138993,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,138995,1522],{"class":37},[31,138997,89],{"class":88},[31,138999,43448],{"class":37},[31,139001,70],{"class":41},[31,139003,35604],{"class":140},[31,139005,137],{"class":41},[31,139007,260],{"class":259},[31,139009,271],{"class":259},[31,139011,99],{"class":41},[31,139013,6710],{"class":259},[31,139015,120],{"class":41},[31,139017,139018],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,139019,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,139021,139022,139024,139026,139028],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,139023,134],{"class":133},[31,139025,137],{"class":41},[31,139027,1550],{"class":140},[31,139029,120],{"class":41},[14,139031,358],{},[21,139033,139035],{"className":23,"code":139034,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"abc\n",[28,139036,139037],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139038,139039],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139040,139034],{"class":37},[14,139042,139043],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,139045,139046,139047,139051,139052,139056],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[264,139048,126937,139049,11333],{"href":129624},[28,139050,61140],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[264,139053,126937,139054,11333],{"href":137506},[28,139055,42259],{}," is often a better choice.",[72,139058,124584],{"id":124583},[14,139060,139061,124395],{},[28,139062,125108],{},[14,139064,127982,139065,4975,139067,127989],{},[28,139066,113623],{},[28,139068,139069],{},"\"Cat\"",[21,139071,139073],{"className":23,"code":139072,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,139074,139075,139088,139118,139122],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139076,139077,139079,139081,139083,139086],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139078,35292],{"class":37},[31,139080,89],{"class":88},[31,139082,271],{"class":259},[31,139084,139085],{"class":263},"Cat cat CAT",[31,139087,3934],{"class":259},[31,139089,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139091,1522],{"class":37},[31,139093,89],{"class":88},[31,139095,43448],{"class":37},[31,139097,70],{"class":41},[31,139099,35604],{"class":140},[31,139101,137],{"class":41},[31,139103,260],{"class":259},[31,139105,37651],{"class":263},[31,139107,260],{"class":259},[31,139109,99],{"class":41},[31,139111,271],{"class":259},[31,139113,58736],{"class":263},[31,139115,260],{"class":259},[31,139117,120],{"class":41},[31,139119,139120],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,139121,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,139123,139124,139126,139128,139130],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,139125,134],{"class":133},[31,139127,137],{"class":41},[31,139129,1550],{"class":140},[31,139131,120],{"class":41},[14,139133,358],{},[21,139135,139137],{"className":23,"code":139136,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Cat dog CAT\n",[28,139138,139139],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139140,139141,139144],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139142,139143],{"class":37},"Cat dog ",[31,139145,139146],{"class":35057},"CAT\n",[14,139148,139149,139150,139152],{},"Only the lowercase ",[28,139151,113623],{}," was replaced.",[14,139154,139155],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,139157,139158,139159,70],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[264,139160,126937,139161,11333],{"href":124664},[28,139162,124667],{},[72,139164,4255,139166,12299],{"id":139165},"what-replace-returns",[28,139167,125108],{},[14,139169,139170,139172],{},[28,139171,125108],{}," returns a new string.",[14,139174,139175],{},"If no match is found:",[228,139177,139178,139181],{},[231,139179,139180],{},"no error happens",[231,139182,139183],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,139185,242],{},[21,139187,139189],{"className":23,"code":139188,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,139190,139191,139203,139233,139237],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139192,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139194,35292],{"class":37},[31,139196,89],{"class":88},[31,139198,271],{"class":259},[31,139200,4425],{"class":263},[31,139202,3934],{"class":259},[31,139204,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139206,1522],{"class":37},[31,139208,89],{"class":88},[31,139210,43448],{"class":37},[31,139212,70],{"class":41},[31,139214,35604],{"class":140},[31,139216,137],{"class":41},[31,139218,260],{"class":259},[31,139220,2750],{"class":263},[31,139222,260],{"class":259},[31,139224,99],{"class":41},[31,139226,271],{"class":259},[31,139228,12339],{"class":263},[31,139230,260],{"class":259},[31,139232,120],{"class":41},[31,139234,139235],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,139236,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,139238,139239,139241,139243,139245],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,139240,134],{"class":133},[31,139242,137],{"class":41},[31,139244,1550],{"class":140},[31,139246,120],{"class":41},[14,139248,358],{},[21,139250,139252],{"className":23,"code":139251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"hello\n",[28,139253,139254],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139255,139256],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139257,139251],{"class":37},[14,139259,139260],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[21,139262,139264],{"className":23,"code":139263,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[28,139265,139266,139278],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139267,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139269,35292],{"class":37},[31,139271,89],{"class":88},[31,139273,271],{"class":259},[31,139275,61016],{"class":263},[31,139277,3934],{"class":259},[31,139279,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139281,130776],{"class":37},[31,139283,89],{"class":88},[31,139285,43448],{"class":37},[31,139287,70],{"class":41},[31,139289,35604],{"class":140},[31,139291,137],{"class":41},[31,139293,260],{"class":259},[31,139295,61200],{"class":263},[31,139297,260],{"class":259},[31,139299,99],{"class":41},[31,139301,271],{"class":259},[31,139303,7884],{"class":263},[31,139305,260],{"class":259},[31,139307,120],{"class":41},[14,139309,139310],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[21,139312,139314],{"className":23,"code":139313,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[28,139315,139316,139328],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139317,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139319,35292],{"class":37},[31,139321,89],{"class":88},[31,139323,271],{"class":259},[31,139325,61016],{"class":263},[31,139327,3934],{"class":259},[31,139329,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139331,35292],{"class":37},[31,139333,89],{"class":88},[31,139335,43448],{"class":37},[31,139337,70],{"class":41},[31,139339,35604],{"class":140},[31,139341,137],{"class":41},[31,139343,260],{"class":259},[31,139345,61200],{"class":263},[31,139347,260],{"class":259},[31,139349,99],{"class":41},[31,139351,271],{"class":259},[31,139353,7884],{"class":263},[31,139355,260],{"class":259},[31,139357,120],{"class":41},[72,139359,5101],{"id":5100},[14,139361,139362,139363,48],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[28,139364,125108],{},[228,139366,139367,139370,139374,139377],{},[231,139368,139369],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[231,139371,9043,139372,132157],{},[28,139373,125108],{},[231,139375,139376],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[231,139378,37808,139379,139381],{},[28,139380,125108],{}," with regex-based replacements",[613,139383,139385,139386,139388],{"id":139384},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[28,139387,125108],{}," without assigning the result",[14,139390,139391,139392,48],{},"This does not update ",[28,139393,35313],{},[21,139395,139397],{"className":23,"code":139396,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,139398,139399,139411,139437],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139400,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139402,35292],{"class":37},[31,139404,89],{"class":88},[31,139406,271],{"class":259},[31,139408,138422],{"class":263},[31,139410,3934],{"class":259},[31,139412,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429,139431,139433,139435],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139414,35313],{"class":37},[31,139416,70],{"class":41},[31,139418,35604],{"class":140},[31,139420,137],{"class":41},[31,139422,260],{"class":259},[31,139424,138443],{"class":263},[31,139426,260],{"class":259},[31,139428,99],{"class":41},[31,139430,271],{"class":259},[31,139432,138452],{"class":263},[31,139434,260],{"class":259},[31,139436,120],{"class":41},[31,139438,139439,139441,139443,139445],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,139440,134],{"class":133},[31,139442,137],{"class":41},[31,139444,35313],{"class":140},[31,139446,120],{"class":41},[14,139448,358],{},[21,139450,139451],{"className":23,"code":138670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,139452,139453],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139454,139455],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139456,138670],{"class":37},[14,139458,11400],{},[21,139460,139462],{"className":23,"code":139461,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[28,139463,139464,139476,139506],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139465,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139467,35292],{"class":37},[31,139469,89],{"class":88},[31,139471,271],{"class":259},[31,139473,138422],{"class":263},[31,139475,3934],{"class":259},[31,139477,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139479,35292],{"class":37},[31,139481,89],{"class":88},[31,139483,43448],{"class":37},[31,139485,70],{"class":41},[31,139487,35604],{"class":140},[31,139489,137],{"class":41},[31,139491,260],{"class":259},[31,139493,138443],{"class":263},[31,139495,260],{"class":259},[31,139497,99],{"class":41},[31,139499,271],{"class":259},[31,139501,138452],{"class":263},[31,139503,260],{"class":259},[31,139505,120],{"class":41},[31,139507,139508,139510,139512,139514],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,139509,134],{"class":133},[31,139511,137],{"class":41},[31,139513,35313],{"class":140},[31,139515,120],{"class":41},[14,139517,358],{},[21,139519,139520],{"className":23,"code":138471,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,139521,139522],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139523,139524],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139525,138471],{"class":37},[613,139527,139529],{"id":139528},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[21,139531,139533],{"className":23,"code":139532,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[28,139534,139535,139547],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139536,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139538,35292],{"class":37},[31,139540,89],{"class":88},[31,139542,271],{"class":259},[31,139544,35472],{"class":263},[31,139546,3934],{"class":259},[31,139548,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139550,134],{"class":133},[31,139552,137],{"class":41},[31,139554,35313],{"class":140},[31,139556,70],{"class":41},[31,139558,35604],{"class":140},[31,139560,137],{"class":41},[31,139562,260],{"class":259},[31,139564,4425],{"class":263},[31,139566,260],{"class":259},[31,139568,99],{"class":41},[31,139570,271],{"class":259},[31,139572,90520],{"class":263},[31,139574,260],{"class":259},[31,139576,1569],{"class":41},[14,139578,358],{},[21,139580,139581],{"className":23,"code":89533,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,139582,139583],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139584,139585],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139586,89533],{"class":37},[14,139588,139589,139590,4975,139592,139594],{},"Nothing changed because ",[28,139591,65143],{},[28,139593,91002],{}," are not the same.",[613,139596,139598],{"id":139597},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[21,139600,139602],{"className":23,"code":139601,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[28,139603,139604,139617],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139605,139606,139608,139610,139612,139615],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139607,35292],{"class":37},[31,139609,89],{"class":88},[31,139611,271],{"class":259},[31,139613,139614],{"class":263},"red red red",[31,139616,3934],{"class":259},[31,139618,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139620,134],{"class":133},[31,139622,137],{"class":41},[31,139624,35313],{"class":140},[31,139626,70],{"class":41},[31,139628,35604],{"class":140},[31,139630,137],{"class":41},[31,139632,260],{"class":259},[31,139634,13689],{"class":263},[31,139636,260],{"class":259},[31,139638,99],{"class":41},[31,139640,271],{"class":259},[31,139642,13706],{"class":263},[31,139644,260],{"class":259},[31,139646,1569],{"class":41},[14,139648,358],{},[21,139650,139652],{"className":23,"code":139651,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"blue blue blue\n",[28,139653,139654],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139655,139656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139657,139651],{"class":37},[14,139659,139660,139661,48],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[28,139662,41865],{},[21,139664,139666],{"className":23,"code":139665,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[28,139667,139668,139680],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139669,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139671,35292],{"class":37},[31,139673,89],{"class":88},[31,139675,271],{"class":259},[31,139677,139614],{"class":263},[31,139679,3934],{"class":259},[31,139681,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139683,134],{"class":133},[31,139685,137],{"class":41},[31,139687,35313],{"class":140},[31,139689,70],{"class":41},[31,139691,35604],{"class":140},[31,139693,137],{"class":41},[31,139695,260],{"class":259},[31,139697,13689],{"class":263},[31,139699,260],{"class":259},[31,139701,99],{"class":41},[31,139703,271],{"class":259},[31,139705,13706],{"class":263},[31,139707,260],{"class":259},[31,139709,99],{"class":41},[31,139711,6082],{"class":95},[31,139713,1569],{"class":41},[14,139715,358],{},[21,139717,139719],{"className":23,"code":139718,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"blue red red\n",[28,139720,139721],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139722,139723],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139724,139718],{"class":37},[613,139726,139728,139729,139731],{"id":139727},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[28,139730,125108],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139733,139734],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[228,139736,139737,139744,139751],{},[231,139738,2668,139739,139743],{},[264,139740,139741],{"href":129624},[28,139742,61140],{}," to break a string into a list",[231,139745,2668,139746,139750],{},[264,139747,139748],{"href":137506},[28,139749,42259],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[231,139752,2668,139753,139755],{},[28,139754,125108],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[72,139757,2435],{"id":2434},[613,139759,13299,139761,125264],{"id":139760},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[28,139762,125108],{},[14,139764,139765],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[613,139767,139769],{"id":139768},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139771,139772],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[613,139774,139776],{"id":139775},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139778,139779],{},"Use the third argument:",[21,139781,139783],{"className":23,"code":139782,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[28,139784,139785],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139786,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139788,35313],{"class":37},[31,139790,70],{"class":41},[31,139792,35604],{"class":140},[31,139794,137],{"class":41},[31,139796,138533],{"class":140},[31,139798,99],{"class":41},[31,139800,138538],{"class":140},[31,139802,99],{"class":41},[31,139804,6082],{"class":95},[31,139806,120],{"class":41},[613,139808,5752,139810,139812],{"id":139809},"can-replace-remove-text",[28,139811,125108],{}," remove text?",[14,139814,139815],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[21,139817,139819],{"className":23,"code":139818,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[28,139820,139821],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139822,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139824,35313],{"class":37},[31,139826,70],{"class":41},[31,139828,35604],{"class":140},[31,139830,137],{"class":41},[31,139832,260],{"class":259},[31,139834,2750],{"class":263},[31,139836,260],{"class":259},[31,139838,99],{"class":41},[31,139840,6710],{"class":259},[31,139842,120],{"class":41},[613,139844,15501,139846,125273],{"id":139845},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[28,139847,125108],{},[14,139849,130466],{},[72,139851,2475],{"id":2474},[228,139853,139854,139858,139864,139870,139876],{},[231,139855,139856],{},[264,139857,125343],{"href":125105},[231,139859,139860],{},[264,139861,126937,139862,11333],{"href":129624},[28,139863,61140],{},[231,139865,139866],{},[264,139867,126937,139868,11333],{"href":137506},[28,139869,42259],{},[231,139871,139872],{},[264,139873,126937,139874,11333],{"href":124664},[28,139875,124667],{},[231,139877,139878],{},[264,139879,125692],{"href":51583},[2499,139881,139882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":139884},[139885,139886,139888,139891,139892,139896,139900,139901,139903,139911,139921],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":138486,"depth":123,"text":139887},"What replace() does",{"id":6014,"depth":123,"text":6015,"children":139889},[139890],{"id":17992,"depth":130,"text":17993},{"id":6371,"depth":123,"text":6372},{"id":138701,"depth":123,"text":138702,"children":139893},[139894,139895],{"id":138715,"depth":130,"text":138716},{"id":138796,"depth":130,"text":138797},{"id":138884,"depth":123,"text":138885,"children":139897},[139898,139899],{"id":138893,"depth":130,"text":138894},{"id":138969,"depth":130,"text":138970},{"id":124583,"depth":123,"text":124584},{"id":139165,"depth":123,"text":139902},"What replace() returns",{"id":5100,"depth":123,"text":5101,"children":139904},[139905,139907,139908,139909],{"id":139384,"depth":130,"text":139906},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139528,"depth":130,"text":139529},{"id":139597,"depth":130,"text":139598},{"id":139727,"depth":130,"text":139910},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":139912},[139913,139915,139916,139917,139919],{"id":139760,"depth":130,"text":139914},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139768,"depth":130,"text":139769},{"id":139775,"depth":130,"text":139776},{"id":139809,"depth":130,"text":139918},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139845,"depth":130,"text":139920},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138371,"description":139922},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139929,"title":139930,"body":139931,"description":141950,"extension":2542,"meta":141951,"navigation":126,"path":141952,"seo":141953,"stem":141954,"__hash__":141955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139932,"toc":141914},[139933,139938,139943,139946,139957,139959,140014,140019,140024,140031,140033,140048,140050,140106,140108,140146,140151,140153,140177,140180,140193,140198,140200,140232,140234,140267,140273,140278,140281,140291,140294,140296,140352,140354,140404,140407,140415,140418,140474,140476,140549,140562,140570,140574,140585,140588,140591,140644,140646,140678,140681,140735,140737,140772,140775,140780,140785,140790,140793,140795,140853,140855,140889,140891,140906,140909,140911,140953,140955,140981,140986,140994,140997,140999,141081,141083,141134,141137,141148,141156,141158,141231,141233,141251,141255,141258,141262,141289,141291,141299,141303,141338,141340,141353,141357,141360,141399,141401,141418,141423,141428,141439,141442,141453,141455,141457,141483,141486,141535,141537,141554,141557,141559,141611,141613,141645,141648,141706,141711,141713,141718,141821,141823,141837,141839,141846,141851,141856,141861,141866,141871,141874,141878,141883,141885,141911],[10,139934,123937,139936,11914],{"id":139935},"python-string-split-method",[28,139937,61140],{},[14,139939,123942,139940,139942],{},[28,139941,61140],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139944,139945],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[228,139947,139948,139951,139954],{},[231,139949,139950],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[231,139952,139953],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[231,139955,139956],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[72,139958,75],{"id":74},[21,139960,139962],{"className":23,"code":139961,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[28,139963,139964,139977,139999,140009],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,139965,139966,139968,139970,139972,139975],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,139967,35292],{"class":37},[31,139969,89],{"class":88},[31,139971,271],{"class":259},[31,139973,139974],{"class":263},"apple,banana,cherry",[31,139976,3934],{"class":259},[31,139978,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,139980,43443],{"class":37},[31,139982,89],{"class":88},[31,139984,43448],{"class":37},[31,139986,70],{"class":41},[31,139988,35073],{"class":140},[31,139990,137],{"class":41},[31,139992,260],{"class":259},[31,139994,99],{"class":263},[31,139996,260],{"class":259},[31,139998,120],{"class":41},[31,140000,140001,140003,140005,140007],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140002,134],{"class":133},[31,140004,137],{"class":41},[31,140006,43475],{"class":140},[31,140008,120],{"class":41},[31,140010,140011],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140012,140013],{"class":157},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,140015,2668,140016,140018],{},[28,140017,61140],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[72,140020,4255,140022,4258],{"id":140021},"what-split-does",[28,140023,61140],{},[14,140025,140026,132985,140028,70],{},[28,140027,61140],{},[67,140029,140030],{},"string method",[14,140032,49536],{},[228,140034,140035,140038,140043],{},[231,140036,140037],{},"divides a string into parts",[231,140039,120239,140040],{},[67,140041,140042],{},"new list of strings",[231,140044,120245,140045,140047],{},[67,140046,5213],{}," change the original string",[14,140049,242],{},[21,140051,140053],{"className":23,"code":140052,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[28,140054,140055,140068,140082,140086,140096],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140056,140057,140059,140061,140063,140066],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140058,35292],{"class":37},[31,140060,89],{"class":88},[31,140062,271],{"class":259},[31,140064,140065],{"class":263},"red blue green",[31,140067,3934],{"class":259},[31,140069,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140071,43443],{"class":37},[31,140073,89],{"class":88},[31,140075,43448],{"class":37},[31,140077,70],{"class":41},[31,140079,35073],{"class":140},[31,140081,1772],{"class":41},[31,140083,140084],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140085,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,140087,140088,140090,140092,140094],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140089,134],{"class":133},[31,140091,137],{"class":41},[31,140093,35313],{"class":140},[31,140095,120],{"class":41},[31,140097,140098,140100,140102,140104],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,140099,134],{"class":133},[31,140101,137],{"class":41},[31,140103,43475],{"class":140},[31,140105,120],{"class":41},[14,140107,358],{},[21,140109,140111],{"className":23,"code":140110,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[28,140112,140113,140118],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140114,140115],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140116,140117],{"class":37},"red blue green\n",[31,140119,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140121,42],{"class":41},[31,140123,370],{"class":259},[31,140125,13689],{"class":263},[31,140127,370],{"class":259},[31,140129,99],{"class":41},[31,140131,379],{"class":259},[31,140133,13706],{"class":263},[31,140135,370],{"class":259},[31,140137,99],{"class":41},[31,140139,379],{"class":259},[31,140141,18054],{"class":263},[31,140143,370],{"class":259},[31,140145,59],{"class":41},[14,140147,140148,140149,70],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[264,140150,125692],{"href":51583},[72,140152,2733],{"id":2732},[21,140154,140156],{"className":23,"code":140155,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[28,140157,140158],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140159,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140175],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140161,61782],{"class":37},[31,140163,70],{"class":41},[31,140165,35073],{"class":140},[31,140167,137],{"class":41},[31,140169,134340],{"class":140},[31,140171,99],{"class":41},[31,140173,140174],{"class":140}," maxsplit",[31,140176,120],{"class":41},[14,140178,140179],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[228,140181,140182,140187],{},[231,140183,140184,140186],{},[28,140185,134340],{}," tells Python where to split",[231,140188,140189,140192],{},[28,140190,140191],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,140194,9466,140195,140197],{},[28,140196,134340],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,140199,242],{},[21,140201,140203],{"className":23,"code":140202,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[28,140204,140205,140218],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140206,140207,140209,140211,140213,140216],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140208,35292],{"class":37},[31,140210,89],{"class":88},[31,140212,271],{"class":259},[31,140214,140215],{"class":263},"one two three",[31,140217,3934],{"class":259},[31,140219,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140221,134],{"class":133},[31,140223,137],{"class":41},[31,140225,35313],{"class":140},[31,140227,70],{"class":41},[31,140229,35073],{"class":140},[31,140231,7781],{"class":41},[14,140233,358],{},[21,140235,140237],{"className":23,"code":140236,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[28,140238,140239],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140240,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140242,42],{"class":41},[31,140244,370],{"class":259},[31,140246,7171],{"class":263},[31,140248,370],{"class":259},[31,140250,99],{"class":41},[31,140252,379],{"class":259},[31,140254,79856],{"class":263},[31,140256,370],{"class":259},[31,140258,99],{"class":41},[31,140260,379],{"class":259},[31,140262,134822],{"class":263},[31,140264,370],{"class":259},[31,140266,59],{"class":41},[72,140268,9007,140270,140272],{"id":140269},"using-split-with-no-separator",[28,140271,61140],{}," with no separator",[14,140274,70781,140275,140277],{},[28,140276,61140],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,140279,140280],{},"Whitespace includes:",[228,140282,140283,140285,140288],{},[231,140284,11043],{},[231,140286,140287],{},"tabs",[231,140289,140290],{},"new lines",[14,140292,140293],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,140295,242],{},[21,140297,140299],{"className":23,"code":140298,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[28,140300,140301,140324,140338,140342],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140302,140303,140305,140307,140309,140312,140315,140317,140319,140322],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140304,35292],{"class":37},[31,140306,89],{"class":88},[31,140308,271],{"class":259},[31,140310,140311],{"class":263},"Python   is",[31,140313,140314],{"class":35057},"\\t",[31,140316,134076],{"class":263},[31,140318,87737],{"class":35057},[31,140320,140321],{"class":263},"and useful",[31,140323,3934],{"class":259},[31,140325,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140327,43443],{"class":37},[31,140329,89],{"class":88},[31,140331,43448],{"class":37},[31,140333,70],{"class":41},[31,140335,35073],{"class":140},[31,140337,1772],{"class":41},[31,140339,140340],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140341,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,140343,140344,140346,140348,140350],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140345,134],{"class":133},[31,140347,137],{"class":41},[31,140349,43475],{"class":140},[31,140351,120],{"class":41},[14,140353,358],{},[21,140355,140357],{"className":23,"code":140356,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[28,140358,140359],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397,140400,140402],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140362,42],{"class":41},[31,140364,370],{"class":259},[31,140366,7884],{"class":263},[31,140368,370],{"class":259},[31,140370,99],{"class":41},[31,140372,379],{"class":259},[31,140374,12788],{"class":263},[31,140376,370],{"class":259},[31,140378,99],{"class":41},[31,140380,379],{"class":259},[31,140382,134076],{"class":263},[31,140384,370],{"class":259},[31,140386,99],{"class":41},[31,140388,379],{"class":259},[31,140390,130702],{"class":263},[31,140392,370],{"class":259},[31,140394,99],{"class":41},[31,140396,379],{"class":259},[31,140398,140399],{"class":263},"useful",[31,140401,370],{"class":259},[31,140403,59],{"class":41},[14,140405,140406],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[613,140408,140410,11177,140412],{"id":140409},"split-vs-split",[28,140411,61140],{},[28,140413,140414],{},"split(' ')",[14,140416,140417],{},"These are not the same.",[21,140419,140421],{"className":23,"code":140420,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[28,140422,140423,140436,140440,140454],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140424,140425,140427,140429,140431,140434],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140426,35292],{"class":37},[31,140428,89],{"class":88},[31,140430,271],{"class":259},[31,140432,140433],{"class":263},"a  b   c",[31,140435,3934],{"class":259},[31,140437,140438],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140439,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,140441,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140443,134],{"class":133},[31,140445,137],{"class":41},[31,140447,35313],{"class":140},[31,140449,70],{"class":41},[31,140451,35073],{"class":140},[31,140453,7781],{"class":41},[31,140455,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140457,134],{"class":133},[31,140459,137],{"class":41},[31,140461,35313],{"class":140},[31,140463,70],{"class":41},[31,140465,35073],{"class":140},[31,140467,137],{"class":41},[31,140469,260],{"class":259},[31,140471,271],{"class":259},[31,140473,1569],{"class":41},[14,140475,358],{},[21,140477,140479],{"className":23,"code":140478,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[28,140480,140481,140509],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140482,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140484,42],{"class":41},[31,140486,370],{"class":259},[31,140488,264],{"class":263},[31,140490,370],{"class":259},[31,140492,99],{"class":41},[31,140494,379],{"class":259},[31,140496,274],{"class":263},[31,140498,370],{"class":259},[31,140500,99],{"class":41},[31,140502,379],{"class":259},[31,140504,283],{"class":263},[31,140506,370],{"class":259},[31,140508,59],{"class":41},[31,140510,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140512,42],{"class":41},[31,140514,370],{"class":259},[31,140516,264],{"class":263},[31,140518,370],{"class":259},[31,140520,99],{"class":41},[31,140522,4418],{"class":259},[31,140524,99],{"class":41},[31,140526,379],{"class":259},[31,140528,274],{"class":263},[31,140530,370],{"class":259},[31,140532,99],{"class":41},[31,140534,4418],{"class":259},[31,140536,99],{"class":41},[31,140538,4418],{"class":259},[31,140540,99],{"class":41},[31,140542,379],{"class":259},[31,140544,283],{"class":263},[31,140546,370],{"class":259},[31,140548,59],{"class":41},[228,140550,140551,140556],{},[231,140552,140553,140555],{},[28,140554,61140],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[231,140557,140558,140561],{},[28,140559,140560],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140563,140564,140565,140569],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[264,140566,126937,140567,11333],{"href":137506},[28,140568,42259],{}," is often useful.",[72,140571,140573],{"id":140572},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140575,140576,140577,2766,140580,2770,140582,70],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[28,140578,140579],{},"\",\"",[28,140581,134175],{},[28,140583,140584],{},"\"::\"",[14,140586,140587],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140589,140590],{},"Example with commas:",[21,140592,140594],{"className":23,"code":140593,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[28,140595,140596,140608,140630,140634],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140599,35292],{"class":37},[31,140601,89],{"class":88},[31,140603,271],{"class":259},[31,140605,139974],{"class":263},[31,140607,3934],{"class":259},[31,140609,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140611,43443],{"class":37},[31,140613,89],{"class":88},[31,140615,43448],{"class":37},[31,140617,70],{"class":41},[31,140619,35073],{"class":140},[31,140621,137],{"class":41},[31,140623,260],{"class":259},[31,140625,99],{"class":263},[31,140627,260],{"class":259},[31,140629,120],{"class":41},[31,140631,140632],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140633,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,140635,140636,140638,140640,140642],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140637,134],{"class":133},[31,140639,137],{"class":41},[31,140641,43475],{"class":140},[31,140643,120],{"class":41},[14,140645,358],{},[21,140647,140648],{"className":23,"code":79035,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,140649,140650],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140651,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140653,42],{"class":41},[31,140655,370],{"class":259},[31,140657,4660],{"class":263},[31,140659,370],{"class":259},[31,140661,99],{"class":41},[31,140663,379],{"class":259},[31,140665,4669],{"class":263},[31,140667,370],{"class":259},[31,140669,99],{"class":41},[31,140671,379],{"class":259},[31,140673,4678],{"class":263},[31,140675,370],{"class":259},[31,140677,59],{"class":41},[14,140679,140680],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[21,140682,140684],{"className":23,"code":140683,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[28,140685,140686,140699,140721,140725],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140687,140688,140690,140692,140694,140697],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140689,35292],{"class":37},[31,140691,89],{"class":88},[31,140693,271],{"class":259},[31,140695,140696],{"class":263},"2024::10::31",[31,140698,3934],{"class":259},[31,140700,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713,140715,140717,140719],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140702,43443],{"class":37},[31,140704,89],{"class":88},[31,140706,43448],{"class":37},[31,140708,70],{"class":41},[31,140710,35073],{"class":140},[31,140712,137],{"class":41},[31,140714,260],{"class":259},[31,140716,77256],{"class":263},[31,140718,260],{"class":259},[31,140720,120],{"class":41},[31,140722,140723],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140724,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,140726,140727,140729,140731,140733],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140728,134],{"class":133},[31,140730,137],{"class":41},[31,140732,43475],{"class":140},[31,140734,120],{"class":41},[14,140736,358],{},[21,140738,140740],{"className":23,"code":140739,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[28,140741,140742],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140743,140744,140746,140748,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765,140768,140770],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140745,42],{"class":41},[31,140747,370],{"class":259},[31,140749,140750],{"class":263},"2024",[31,140752,370],{"class":259},[31,140754,99],{"class":41},[31,140756,379],{"class":259},[31,140758,96],{"class":263},[31,140760,370],{"class":259},[31,140762,99],{"class":41},[31,140764,379],{"class":259},[31,140766,140767],{"class":263},"31",[31,140769,370],{"class":259},[31,140771,59],{"class":41},[14,140773,140774],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140776,140777,140778,70],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[264,140779,129621],{"href":129620},[72,140781,9007,140783],{"id":140782},"using-maxsplit",[28,140784,140191],{},[14,140786,140787,140789],{},[28,140788,140191],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140791,140792],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140794,242],{},[21,140796,140798],{"className":23,"code":140797,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[28,140799,140800,140813,140839,140843],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140801,140802,140804,140806,140808,140811],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140803,35292],{"class":37},[31,140805,89],{"class":88},[31,140807,271],{"class":259},[31,140809,140810],{"class":263},"name:age:city:country",[31,140812,3934],{"class":259},[31,140814,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140816,43443],{"class":37},[31,140818,89],{"class":88},[31,140820,43448],{"class":37},[31,140822,70],{"class":41},[31,140824,35073],{"class":140},[31,140826,137],{"class":41},[31,140828,260],{"class":259},[31,140830,48],{"class":263},[31,140832,260],{"class":259},[31,140834,99],{"class":41},[31,140836,3571],{"class":95},[31,140838,120],{"class":41},[31,140840,140841],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,140842,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,140844,140845,140847,140849,140851],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,140846,134],{"class":133},[31,140848,137],{"class":41},[31,140850,43475],{"class":140},[31,140852,120],{"class":41},[14,140854,358],{},[21,140856,140858],{"className":23,"code":140857,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[28,140859,140860],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140861,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880,140882,140885,140887],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140863,42],{"class":41},[31,140865,370],{"class":259},[31,140867,8256],{"class":263},[31,140869,370],{"class":259},[31,140871,99],{"class":41},[31,140873,379],{"class":259},[31,140875,9890],{"class":263},[31,140877,370],{"class":259},[31,140879,99],{"class":41},[31,140881,379],{"class":259},[31,140883,140884],{"class":263},"city:country",[31,140886,370],{"class":259},[31,140888,59],{"class":41},[14,140890,2755],{},[228,140892,140893,140898,140903],{},[231,140894,140895,140896],{},"Python splits at the first ",[28,140897,48],{},[231,140899,140900,140901],{},"then splits at the second ",[28,140902,48],{},[231,140904,140905],{},"then stops",[14,140907,140908],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140910,52688],{},[21,140912,140914],{"className":23,"code":140913,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[28,140915,140916,140929],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140917,140918,140920,140922,140924,140927],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140919,35292],{"class":37},[31,140921,89],{"class":88},[31,140923,271],{"class":259},[31,140925,140926],{"class":263},"apple banana cherry grape",[31,140928,3934],{"class":259},[31,140930,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,140932,134],{"class":133},[31,140934,137],{"class":41},[31,140936,35313],{"class":140},[31,140938,70],{"class":41},[31,140940,35073],{"class":140},[31,140942,137],{"class":41},[31,140944,260],{"class":259},[31,140946,271],{"class":259},[31,140948,99],{"class":41},[31,140950,6082],{"class":95},[31,140952,1569],{"class":41},[14,140954,358],{},[21,140956,140958],{"className":23,"code":140957,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[28,140959,140960],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,140961,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140977,140979],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,140963,42],{"class":41},[31,140965,370],{"class":259},[31,140967,4660],{"class":263},[31,140969,370],{"class":259},[31,140971,99],{"class":41},[31,140973,379],{"class":259},[31,140975,140976],{"class":263},"banana cherry grape",[31,140978,370],{"class":259},[31,140980,59],{"class":41},[72,140982,4255,140984,12299],{"id":140983},"what-split-returns",[28,140985,61140],{},[14,140987,140988,140989,140991,140992,70],{},"The result of ",[28,140990,61140],{}," is always a ",[67,140993,8682],{},[14,140995,140996],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140998,242],{},[21,141000,141002],{"className":23,"code":141001,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[28,141003,141004,141017,141039,141043,141053,141067],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141005,141006,141008,141010,141012,141015],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141007,35292],{"class":37},[31,141009,89],{"class":88},[31,141011,271],{"class":259},[31,141013,141014],{"class":263},"cat,dog,bird",[31,141016,3934],{"class":259},[31,141018,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141020,43443],{"class":37},[31,141022,89],{"class":88},[31,141024,43448],{"class":37},[31,141026,70],{"class":41},[31,141028,35073],{"class":140},[31,141030,137],{"class":41},[31,141032,260],{"class":259},[31,141034,99],{"class":263},[31,141036,260],{"class":259},[31,141038,120],{"class":41},[31,141040,141041],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141042,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,141044,141045,141047,141049,141051],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,141046,134],{"class":133},[31,141048,137],{"class":41},[31,141050,43475],{"class":140},[31,141052,120],{"class":41},[31,141054,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,141056,134],{"class":133},[31,141058,137],{"class":41},[31,141060,1562],{"class":1561},[31,141062,137],{"class":41},[31,141064,43475],{"class":140},[31,141066,1569],{"class":41},[31,141068,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,141070,134],{"class":133},[31,141072,137],{"class":41},[31,141074,43475],{"class":140},[31,141076,42],{"class":41},[31,141078,1243],{"class":95},[31,141080,566],{"class":41},[14,141082,358],{},[21,141084,141086],{"className":23,"code":141085,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[28,141087,141088,141116,141130],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141089,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141091,42],{"class":41},[31,141093,370],{"class":259},[31,141095,37651],{"class":263},[31,141097,370],{"class":259},[31,141099,99],{"class":41},[31,141101,379],{"class":259},[31,141103,58736],{"class":263},[31,141105,370],{"class":259},[31,141107,99],{"class":41},[31,141109,379],{"class":259},[31,141111,58753],{"class":263},[31,141113,370],{"class":259},[31,141115,59],{"class":41},[31,141117,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141128],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141119,1593],{"class":88},[31,141121,1597],{"class":1596},[31,141123,379],{"class":259},[31,141125,8682],{"class":263},[31,141127,370],{"class":259},[31,141129,1606],{"class":88},[31,141131,141132],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141133,86053],{"class":37},[14,141135,141136],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[228,141138,141139,141142,141145],{},[231,141140,141141],{},"loop over it",[231,141143,141144],{},"access items by index",[231,141146,141147],{},"combine items again later",[14,141149,141150,141151,70],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[264,141152,126937,141154,11333],{"href":141153},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[28,141155,134018],{},[14,141157,242],{},[21,141159,141161],{"className":23,"code":141160,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[28,141162,141163,141195,141217,141221],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141164,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141166,43443],{"class":37},[31,141168,89],{"class":88},[31,141170,4200],{"class":41},[31,141172,370],{"class":259},[31,141174,37651],{"class":263},[31,141176,370],{"class":259},[31,141178,99],{"class":41},[31,141180,379],{"class":259},[31,141182,58736],{"class":263},[31,141184,370],{"class":259},[31,141186,99],{"class":41},[31,141188,379],{"class":259},[31,141190,58753],{"class":263},[31,141192,370],{"class":259},[31,141194,59],{"class":41},[31,141196,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141198,35292],{"class":37},[31,141200,89],{"class":88},[31,141202,271],{"class":259},[31,141204,212],{"class":263},[31,141206,260],{"class":259},[31,141208,70],{"class":41},[31,141210,134095],{"class":140},[31,141212,137],{"class":41},[31,141214,43475],{"class":140},[31,141216,120],{"class":41},[31,141218,141219],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141220,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,141224,134],{"class":133},[31,141226,137],{"class":41},[31,141228,35313],{"class":140},[31,141230,120],{"class":41},[14,141232,358],{},[21,141234,141236],{"className":23,"code":141235,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"cat-dog-bird\n",[28,141237,141238],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141239,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141241,37651],{"class":37},[31,141243,212],{"class":88},[31,141245,58736],{"class":37},[31,141247,212],{"class":88},[31,141249,141250],{"class":37},"bird\n",[72,141252,141254],{"id":141253},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,141256,141257],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[613,141259,141261],{"id":141260},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[21,141263,141265],{"className":23,"code":141264,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[28,141266,141267,141275],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141268,141269,141271,141273],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141270,35292],{"class":37},[31,141272,89],{"class":88},[31,141274,8469],{"class":259},[31,141276,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141278,134],{"class":133},[31,141280,137],{"class":41},[31,141282,35313],{"class":140},[31,141284,70],{"class":41},[31,141286,35073],{"class":140},[31,141288,7781],{"class":41},[14,141290,358],{},[21,141292,141293],{"className":23,"code":38902,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,141294,141295],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141296,141297],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141298,38902],{"class":41},[613,141300,141302],{"id":141301},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[21,141304,141306],{"className":23,"code":141305,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[28,141307,141308,141316],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141309,141310,141312,141314],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141311,35292],{"class":37},[31,141313,89],{"class":88},[31,141315,8469],{"class":259},[31,141317,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141319,134],{"class":133},[31,141321,137],{"class":41},[31,141323,35313],{"class":140},[31,141325,70],{"class":41},[31,141327,35073],{"class":140},[31,141329,137],{"class":41},[31,141331,260],{"class":259},[31,141333,99],{"class":263},[31,141335,260],{"class":259},[31,141337,1569],{"class":41},[14,141339,358],{},[21,141341,141343],{"className":23,"code":141342,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['']\n",[28,141344,141345],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141346,141347,141349,141351],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141348,42],{"class":41},[31,141350,4352],{"class":259},[31,141352,59],{"class":41},[613,141354,141356],{"id":141355},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,141358,141359],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[21,141361,141363],{"className":23,"code":141362,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[28,141364,141365,141377],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141366,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141368,35292],{"class":37},[31,141370,89],{"class":88},[31,141372,271],{"class":259},[31,141374,4425],{"class":263},[31,141376,3934],{"class":259},[31,141378,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141380,134],{"class":133},[31,141382,137],{"class":41},[31,141384,35313],{"class":140},[31,141386,70],{"class":41},[31,141388,35073],{"class":140},[31,141390,137],{"class":41},[31,141392,260],{"class":259},[31,141394,99],{"class":263},[31,141396,260],{"class":259},[31,141398,1569],{"class":41},[14,141400,358],{},[21,141402,141404],{"className":23,"code":141403,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"['hello']\n",[28,141405,141406],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141407,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141409,42],{"class":41},[31,141411,370],{"class":259},[31,141413,4425],{"class":263},[31,141415,370],{"class":259},[31,141417,59],{"class":41},[72,141419,5544,141421],{"id":141420},"when-to-use-split",[28,141422,61140],{},[14,141424,2668,141425,141427],{},[28,141426,61140],{}," when you need to:",[228,141429,141430,141433,141436],{},[231,141431,141432],{},"split a sentence into words",[231,141434,141435],{},"split comma-separated values",[231,141437,141438],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,141440,141441],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[228,141443,141444,141447,141450],{},[231,141445,141446],{},"cleaning text",[231,141448,141449],{},"parsing user input",[231,141451,141452],{},"processing simple file content",[72,141454,3407],{"id":3406},[14,141456,84824],{},[228,141458,141459,141463,141469,141472,141480],{},[231,141460,51114,141461,132157],{},[28,141462,61140],{},[231,141464,141465,141466,141468],{},"forgetting that ",[28,141467,61140],{}," returns a list, not a string",[231,141470,141471],{},"using the wrong separator",[231,141473,141474,141475,141477,141478],{},"assuming ",[28,141476,140414],{}," behaves the same as ",[28,141479,61140],{},[231,141481,141482],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,141484,141485],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[21,141487,141489],{"className":23,"code":141488,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[28,141490,141491,141503,141521,141525],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141492,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141494,35292],{"class":37},[31,141496,89],{"class":88},[31,141498,271],{"class":259},[31,141500,43436],{"class":263},[31,141502,3934],{"class":259},[31,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141506,35313],{"class":37},[31,141508,70],{"class":41},[31,141510,35073],{"class":140},[31,141512,137],{"class":41},[31,141514,260],{"class":259},[31,141516,99],{"class":263},[31,141518,260],{"class":259},[31,141520,120],{"class":41},[31,141522,141523],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141524,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,141526,141527,141529,141531,141533],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,141528,134],{"class":133},[31,141530,137],{"class":41},[31,141532,35313],{"class":140},[31,141534,120],{"class":41},[14,141536,358],{},[21,141538,141540],{"className":23,"code":141539,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a,b,c\n",[28,141541,141542],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141543,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141545,264],{"class":37},[31,141547,99],{"class":41},[31,141549,274],{"class":37},[31,141551,99],{"class":41},[31,141553,69854],{"class":37},[14,141555,141556],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141558,11400],{},[21,141560,141561],{"className":23,"code":43423,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,141562,141563,141575,141597,141601],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141564,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141566,35292],{"class":37},[31,141568,89],{"class":88},[31,141570,271],{"class":259},[31,141572,43436],{"class":263},[31,141574,3934],{"class":259},[31,141576,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141578,43443],{"class":37},[31,141580,89],{"class":88},[31,141582,43448],{"class":37},[31,141584,70],{"class":41},[31,141586,35073],{"class":140},[31,141588,137],{"class":41},[31,141590,260],{"class":259},[31,141592,99],{"class":263},[31,141594,260],{"class":259},[31,141596,120],{"class":41},[31,141598,141599],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141600,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,141602,141603,141605,141607,141609],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,141604,134],{"class":133},[31,141606,137],{"class":41},[31,141608,43475],{"class":140},[31,141610,120],{"class":41},[14,141612,358],{},[21,141614,141615],{"className":23,"code":43482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,141616,141617],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141618,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141620,42],{"class":41},[31,141622,370],{"class":259},[31,141624,264],{"class":263},[31,141626,370],{"class":259},[31,141628,99],{"class":41},[31,141630,379],{"class":259},[31,141632,274],{"class":263},[31,141634,370],{"class":259},[31,141636,99],{"class":41},[31,141638,379],{"class":259},[31,141640,283],{"class":263},[31,141642,370],{"class":259},[31,141644,59],{"class":41},[14,141646,141647],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[21,141649,141651],{"className":23,"code":141650,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[28,141652,141653,141666,141688,141692],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141654,141655,141657,141659,141661,141664],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141656,35292],{"class":37},[31,141658,89],{"class":88},[31,141660,271],{"class":259},[31,141662,141663],{"class":263},"apple,banana",[31,141665,3934],{"class":259},[31,141667,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684,141686],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141669,43443],{"class":37},[31,141671,89],{"class":88},[31,141673,43448],{"class":37},[31,141675,70],{"class":41},[31,141677,35073],{"class":140},[31,141679,137],{"class":41},[31,141681,260],{"class":259},[31,141683,99],{"class":263},[31,141685,260],{"class":259},[31,141687,120],{"class":41},[31,141689,141690],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141691,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,141693,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,141695,134],{"class":133},[31,141697,137],{"class":41},[31,141699,43475],{"class":140},[31,141701,42],{"class":41},[31,141703,193],{"class":95},[31,141705,566],{"class":41},[14,141707,141708,141709,70],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[264,141710,69867],{"href":69866},[613,141712,61318],{"id":61317},[14,141714,9466,141715,141717],{},[28,141716,61140],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[21,141719,141721],{"className":23,"code":141720,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[28,141722,141723,141733,141747,141769,141795],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141724,141725,141727,141729,141731],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141726,134],{"class":133},[31,141728,137],{"class":41},[31,141730,35313],{"class":140},[31,141732,120],{"class":41},[31,141734,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141736,134],{"class":133},[31,141738,137],{"class":41},[31,141740,35313],{"class":140},[31,141742,70],{"class":41},[31,141744,35073],{"class":140},[31,141746,7781],{"class":41},[31,141748,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,141750,134],{"class":133},[31,141752,137],{"class":41},[31,141754,35313],{"class":140},[31,141756,70],{"class":41},[31,141758,35073],{"class":140},[31,141760,137],{"class":41},[31,141762,370],{"class":259},[31,141764,99],{"class":263},[31,141766,370],{"class":259},[31,141768,1569],{"class":41},[31,141770,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,141772,134],{"class":133},[31,141774,137],{"class":41},[31,141776,2408],{"class":133},[31,141778,137],{"class":41},[31,141780,35313],{"class":140},[31,141782,70],{"class":41},[31,141784,35073],{"class":140},[31,141786,137],{"class":41},[31,141788,370],{"class":259},[31,141790,99],{"class":263},[31,141792,370],{"class":259},[31,141794,3490],{"class":41},[31,141796,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,141798,134],{"class":133},[31,141800,137],{"class":41},[31,141802,1562],{"class":1561},[31,141804,137],{"class":41},[31,141806,35313],{"class":140},[31,141808,70],{"class":41},[31,141810,35073],{"class":140},[31,141812,137],{"class":41},[31,141814,370],{"class":259},[31,141816,99],{"class":263},[31,141818,370],{"class":259},[31,141820,3490],{"class":41},[14,141822,2417],{},[228,141824,141825,141828,141831,141834],{},[231,141826,141827],{},"what the original string looks like",[231,141829,141830],{},"which separator works",[231,141832,141833],{},"how many items were created",[231,141835,141836],{},"that the result is a list",[72,141838,2435],{"id":2434},[613,141840,5762,141842,4975,141844,2466],{"id":141841},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[28,141843,61140],{},[28,141845,140414],{},[14,141847,141848,141850],{},[28,141849,61140],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141852,141853,141855],{},[28,141854,140414],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[613,141857,13299,141859,125264],{"id":141858},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[28,141860,61140],{},[14,141862,141863,141864,57088],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[28,141865,61140],{},[613,141867,2453,141869,2456],{"id":141868},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[28,141870,140191],{},[14,141872,141873],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[613,141875,141877],{"id":141876},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141879,29663,141880,141882],{},[28,141881,61140],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[72,141884,2475],{"id":2474},[228,141886,141887,141891,141897,141903,141907],{},[231,141888,141889],{},[264,141890,130542],{"href":129620},[231,141892,141893],{},[264,141894,126937,141895,11333],{"href":141153},[28,141896,134018],{},[231,141898,141899],{},[264,141900,126937,141901,11333],{"href":137506},[28,141902,42259],{},[231,141904,141905],{},[264,141906,125692],{"href":51583},[231,141908,141909],{},[264,141910,69867],{"href":69866},[2499,141912,141913],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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separator",[141923],{"id":140409,"depth":130,"text":141924},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140572,"depth":123,"text":140573},{"id":140782,"depth":123,"text":141927},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140983,"depth":123,"text":141929},"What split() returns",{"id":141253,"depth":123,"text":141254,"children":141931},[141932,141933,141934],{"id":141260,"depth":130,"text":141261},{"id":141301,"depth":130,"text":141302},{"id":141355,"depth":130,"text":141356},{"id":141420,"depth":123,"text":141936},"When to use split()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":141938},[141939],{"id":61317,"depth":130,"text":61318},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":141941},[141942,141944,141946,141948],{"id":141841,"depth":130,"text":141943},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141858,"depth":130,"text":141945},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141868,"depth":130,"text":141947},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141876,"depth":130,"text":141877},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139930,"description":141950},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141957,"title":141958,"body":141959,"description":143902,"extension":2542,"meta":143903,"navigation":126,"path":143904,"seo":143905,"stem":143906,"__hash__":143907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141960,"toc":143861},[141961,141966,141971,141978,142051,142056,142061,142066,142082,142084,142154,142156,142158,142178,142180,142225,142230,142232,142330,142335,142339,142344,142348,142351,142393,142397,142400,142445,142449,142452,142502,142506,142511,142563,142565,142570,142581,142586,142666,142668,142680,142689,142696,142711,142713,142828,142834,142838,142841,142846,142988,142991,142998,143000,143004,143012,143081,143087,143136,143141,143146,143148,143168,143170,143236,143238,143242,143245,143249,143290,143292,143325,143330,143333,143360,143362,143405,143412,143417,143427,143493,143497,143505,143510,143561,143565,143568,143570,143579,143581,143631,143633,143740,143742,143747,143754,143760,143763,143794,143799,143801,143808,143816,143825,143828,143830,143858],[10,141962,123937,141964,11914],{"id":141963},"python-string-startswith-method",[28,141965,128305],{},[14,141967,123942,141968,141970],{},[28,141969,128305],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141972,127003,141973,3456,141975,141977],{},[28,141974,4181],{},[28,141976,4251],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[21,141979,141981],{"className":23,"code":141980,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[28,141982,141983,141996,142000,142025],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,141984,141985,141987,141989,141991,141994],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,141986,35292],{"class":37},[31,141988,89],{"class":88},[31,141990,271],{"class":259},[31,141992,141993],{"class":263},"Python Beginner Help",[31,141995,3934],{"class":259},[31,141997,141998],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,141999,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142001,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,142003,134],{"class":133},[31,142005,137],{"class":41},[31,142007,35313],{"class":140},[31,142009,70],{"class":41},[31,142011,142012],{"class":140},"startswith",[31,142014,137],{"class":41},[31,142016,260],{"class":259},[31,142018,7884],{"class":263},[31,142020,260],{"class":259},[31,142022,5945],{"class":41},[31,142024,44462],{"class":157},[31,142026,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142044,142046,142048],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,142028,134],{"class":133},[31,142030,137],{"class":41},[31,142032,35313],{"class":140},[31,142034,70],{"class":41},[31,142036,142012],{"class":140},[31,142038,137],{"class":41},[31,142040,260],{"class":259},[31,142042,142043],{"class":263},"Beginner",[31,142045,260],{"class":259},[31,142047,5945],{"class":41},[31,142049,142050],{"class":157}," # False\n",[14,142052,2668,142053,142055],{},[28,142054,128305],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[72,142057,4255,142059,4258],{"id":142058},"what-startswith-does",[28,142060,128305],{},[14,142062,142063,142065],{},[28,142064,128305],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[228,142067,142068,142071,142077,142079],{},[231,142069,142070],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[231,142072,5730,142073,3456,142075],{},[28,142074,4181],{},[28,142076,4251],{},[231,142078,124080],{},[231,142080,142081],{},"It works only on strings",[14,142083,242],{},[21,142085,142087],{"className":23,"code":142086,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[28,142088,142089,142101,142105,142130],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142090,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142092,8464],{"class":37},[31,142094,89],{"class":88},[31,142096,271],{"class":259},[31,142098,7884],{"class":263},[31,142100,3934],{"class":259},[31,142102,142103],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142104,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142106,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142124,142126,142128],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,142108,134],{"class":133},[31,142110,137],{"class":41},[31,142112,8256],{"class":140},[31,142114,70],{"class":41},[31,142116,142012],{"class":140},[31,142118,137],{"class":41},[31,142120,260],{"class":259},[31,142122,142123],{"class":263},"Py",[31,142125,260],{"class":259},[31,142127,5945],{"class":41},[31,142129,44462],{"class":157},[31,142131,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,142133,134],{"class":133},[31,142135,137],{"class":41},[31,142137,8256],{"class":140},[31,142139,70],{"class":41},[31,142141,142012],{"class":140},[31,142143,137],{"class":41},[31,142145,260],{"class":259},[31,142147,129383],{"class":263},[31,142149,260],{"class":259},[31,142151,5945],{"class":41},[31,142153,44479],{"class":157},[72,142155,2733],{"id":2732},[14,142157,42991],{},[21,142159,142161],{"className":23,"code":142160,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[28,142162,142163],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142164,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142176],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142166,61782],{"class":37},[31,142168,70],{"class":41},[31,142170,142012],{"class":140},[31,142172,137],{"class":41},[31,142174,142175],{"class":140},"prefix",[31,142177,120],{"class":41},[14,142179,31367],{},[21,142181,142183],{"className":23,"code":142182,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[28,142184,142185,142203],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142186,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142188,61782],{"class":37},[31,142190,70],{"class":41},[31,142192,142012],{"class":140},[31,142194,137],{"class":41},[31,142196,142175],{"class":140},[31,142198,99],{"class":41},[31,142200,36658],{"class":140},[31,142202,120],{"class":41},[31,142204,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142206,61782],{"class":37},[31,142208,70],{"class":41},[31,142210,142012],{"class":140},[31,142212,137],{"class":41},[31,142214,142175],{"class":140},[31,142216,99],{"class":41},[31,142218,36658],{"class":140},[31,142220,99],{"class":41},[31,142222,65649],{"class":140},[31,142224,120],{"class":41},[14,142226,21369,142227,142229],{},[28,142228,142175],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,142231,242],{},[21,142233,142235],{"className":23,"code":142234,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[28,142236,142237,142249,142253,142278,142302],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142238,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142240,35292],{"class":37},[31,142242,89],{"class":88},[31,142244,271],{"class":259},[31,142246,61016],{"class":263},[31,142248,3934],{"class":259},[31,142250,142251],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142252,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142254,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,142256,134],{"class":133},[31,142258,137],{"class":41},[31,142260,35313],{"class":140},[31,142262,70],{"class":41},[31,142264,142012],{"class":140},[31,142266,137],{"class":41},[31,142268,260],{"class":259},[31,142270,4425],{"class":263},[31,142272,260],{"class":259},[31,142274,5945],{"class":41},[31,142276,142277],{"class":157},"      # True\n",[31,142279,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,142281,134],{"class":133},[31,142283,137],{"class":41},[31,142285,35313],{"class":140},[31,142287,70],{"class":41},[31,142289,142012],{"class":140},[31,142291,137],{"class":41},[31,142293,260],{"class":259},[31,142295,61200],{"class":263},[31,142297,260],{"class":259},[31,142299,5945],{"class":41},[31,142301,21799],{"class":157},[31,142303,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,142305,134],{"class":133},[31,142307,137],{"class":41},[31,142309,35313],{"class":140},[31,142311,70],{"class":41},[31,142313,142012],{"class":140},[31,142315,137],{"class":41},[31,142317,260],{"class":259},[31,142319,61200],{"class":263},[31,142321,260],{"class":259},[31,142323,99],{"class":41},[31,142325,38248],{"class":95},[31,142327,5945],{"class":41},[31,142329,44462],{"class":157},[14,142331,142332,142333,70],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[264,142334,125692],{"href":51583},[72,142336,142338],{"id":142337},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,142340,142341,142343],{},[28,142342,128305],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[613,142345,142346],{"id":142175},[28,142347,142175],{},[14,142349,142350],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[21,142352,142354],{"className":23,"code":142353,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[28,142355,142356,142368],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142357,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142359,35292],{"class":37},[31,142361,89],{"class":88},[31,142363,271],{"class":259},[31,142365,4669],{"class":263},[31,142367,3934],{"class":259},[31,142369,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142387,142389,142391],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142371,134],{"class":133},[31,142373,137],{"class":41},[31,142375,35313],{"class":140},[31,142377,70],{"class":41},[31,142379,142012],{"class":140},[31,142381,137],{"class":41},[31,142383,260],{"class":259},[31,142385,142386],{"class":263},"ban",[31,142388,260],{"class":259},[31,142390,5945],{"class":41},[31,142392,4241],{"class":157},[613,142394,142395],{"id":45},[28,142396,45],{},[14,142398,142399],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[21,142401,142403],{"className":23,"code":142402,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[28,142404,142405,142417],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142406,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142408,35292],{"class":37},[31,142410,89],{"class":88},[31,142412,271],{"class":259},[31,142414,61016],{"class":263},[31,142416,3934],{"class":259},[31,142418,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142420,134],{"class":133},[31,142422,137],{"class":41},[31,142424,35313],{"class":140},[31,142426,70],{"class":41},[31,142428,142012],{"class":140},[31,142430,137],{"class":41},[31,142432,260],{"class":259},[31,142434,61200],{"class":263},[31,142436,260],{"class":259},[31,142438,99],{"class":41},[31,142440,38248],{"class":95},[31,142442,5945],{"class":41},[31,142444,4241],{"class":157},[613,142446,142447],{"id":53269},[28,142448,53269],{},[14,142450,142451],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[21,142453,142455],{"className":23,"code":142454,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[28,142456,142457,142469],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142458,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142460,35292],{"class":37},[31,142462,89],{"class":88},[31,142464,271],{"class":259},[31,142466,61016],{"class":263},[31,142468,3934],{"class":259},[31,142470,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142472,134],{"class":133},[31,142474,137],{"class":41},[31,142476,35313],{"class":140},[31,142478,70],{"class":41},[31,142480,142012],{"class":140},[31,142482,137],{"class":41},[31,142484,260],{"class":259},[31,142486,142487],{"class":263},"wor",[31,142489,260],{"class":259},[31,142491,99],{"class":41},[31,142493,38248],{"class":95},[31,142495,99],{"class":41},[31,142497,54745],{"class":95},[31,142499,5945],{"class":41},[31,142501,4241],{"class":157},[613,142503,142505],{"id":142504},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,142507,142508,142510],{},[28,142509,142175],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[21,142512,142514],{"className":23,"code":142513,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[28,142515,142516,142529],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142517,142518,142520,142522,142524,142527],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142519,127020],{"class":37},[31,142521,89],{"class":88},[31,142523,271],{"class":259},[31,142525,142526],{"class":263},"img_001.png",[31,142528,3934],{"class":259},[31,142530,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142548,142550,142552,142554,142557,142559,142561],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142532,134],{"class":133},[31,142534,137],{"class":41},[31,142536,127038],{"class":140},[31,142538,70],{"class":41},[31,142540,142012],{"class":140},[31,142542,6095],{"class":41},[31,142544,260],{"class":259},[31,142546,142547],{"class":263},"img_",[31,142549,260],{"class":259},[31,142551,99],{"class":41},[31,142553,271],{"class":259},[31,142555,142556],{"class":263},"photo_",[31,142558,260],{"class":259},[31,142560,51699],{"class":41},[31,142562,4241],{"class":157},[72,142564,18017],{"id":18016},[14,142566,142567,142569],{},[28,142568,128305],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[228,142571,142572,142577],{},[231,142573,142574,142576],{},[28,142575,4181],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[231,142578,142579,127622],{},[28,142580,4251],{},[14,142582,142583,142584,7759],{},"This makes it useful in ",[28,142585,7584],{},[21,142587,142589],{"className":23,"code":142588,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[28,142590,142591,142605,142609,142630,142645,142651],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142592,142593,142596,142598,142600,142603],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142594,142595],{"class":37},"command ",[31,142597,89],{"class":88},[31,142599,271],{"class":259},[31,142601,142602],{"class":263},"\u002Fhelp",[31,142604,3934],{"class":259},[31,142606,142607],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142608,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142610,142611,142613,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,142612,7584],{"class":4457},[31,142614,142615],{"class":37}," command",[31,142617,70],{"class":41},[31,142619,142012],{"class":140},[31,142621,137],{"class":41},[31,142623,260],{"class":259},[31,142625,127829],{"class":263},[31,142627,260],{"class":259},[31,142629,8931],{"class":41},[31,142631,142632,142634,142636,142638,142641,142643],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,142633,8657],{"class":133},[31,142635,137],{"class":41},[31,142637,260],{"class":259},[31,142639,142640],{"class":263},"This looks like a command.",[31,142642,260],{"class":259},[31,142644,120],{"class":41},[31,142646,142647,142649],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,142648,28035],{"class":4457},[31,142650,6978],{"class":41},[31,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142662,142664],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,142654,8657],{"class":133},[31,142656,137],{"class":41},[31,142658,260],{"class":259},[31,142660,142661],{"class":263},"This is normal text.",[31,142663,260],{"class":259},[31,142665,120],{"class":41},[14,142667,358],{},[21,142669,142671],{"className":23,"code":142670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"This looks like a command.\n",[28,142672,142673],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142674,142675,142678],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142676,142677],{"class":37},"This looks like a command",[31,142679,122969],{"class":41},[72,142681,9007,142683,9295,142685,4975,142687],{"id":142682},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[28,142684,128305],{},[28,142686,45],{},[28,142688,53269],{},[14,142690,62,142691,4975,142693,142695],{},[28,142692,45],{},[28,142694,53269],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[228,142697,142698,142703,142708],{},[231,142699,142700,142702],{},[28,142701,45],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[231,142704,142705,142707],{},[28,142706,53269],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[231,142709,142710],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142712,242],{},[21,142714,142716],{"className":23,"code":142715,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[28,142717,142718,142730,142734,142763,142796],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142719,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142721,35292],{"class":37},[31,142723,89],{"class":88},[31,142725,271],{"class":259},[31,142727,140215],{"class":263},[31,142729,3934],{"class":259},[31,142731,142732],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142733,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142735,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,142737,134],{"class":133},[31,142739,137],{"class":41},[31,142741,35313],{"class":140},[31,142743,70],{"class":41},[31,142745,142012],{"class":140},[31,142747,137],{"class":41},[31,142749,260],{"class":259},[31,142751,79856],{"class":263},[31,142753,260],{"class":259},[31,142755,99],{"class":41},[31,142757,3033],{"class":95},[31,142759,5945],{"class":41},[31,142761,142762],{"class":157},"        # True\n",[31,142764,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142792,142794],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,142766,134],{"class":133},[31,142768,137],{"class":41},[31,142770,35313],{"class":140},[31,142772,70],{"class":41},[31,142774,142012],{"class":140},[31,142776,137],{"class":41},[31,142778,260],{"class":259},[31,142780,134822],{"class":263},[31,142782,260],{"class":259},[31,142784,99],{"class":41},[31,142786,6944],{"class":95},[31,142788,99],{"class":41},[31,142790,142791],{"class":95}," 13",[31,142793,5945],{"class":41},[31,142795,4241],{"class":157},[31,142797,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824,142826],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,142799,134],{"class":133},[31,142801,137],{"class":41},[31,142803,35313],{"class":140},[31,142805,70],{"class":41},[31,142807,142012],{"class":140},[31,142809,137],{"class":41},[31,142811,260],{"class":259},[31,142813,134822],{"class":263},[31,142815,260],{"class":259},[31,142817,99],{"class":41},[31,142819,6944],{"class":95},[31,142821,99],{"class":41},[31,142823,31546],{"class":95},[31,142825,5945],{"class":41},[31,142827,5354],{"class":157},[14,142829,142830,142831,142833],{},"In the last example, the ",[28,142832,53269],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[72,142835,142837],{"id":142836},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142839,142840],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142842,142843,142844,49956],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[28,142845,41442],{},[21,142847,142849],{"className":23,"code":142848,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[28,142850,142851,142865,142879,142893,142897,142921,142925,142946,142967],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,142852,142853,142856,142858,142860,142863],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,142854,142855],{"class":37},"filename1 ",[31,142857,89],{"class":88},[31,142859,271],{"class":259},[31,142861,142862],{"class":263},"img_101.jpg",[31,142864,3934],{"class":259},[31,142866,142867,142870,142872,142874,142877],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,142868,142869],{"class":37},"filename2 ",[31,142871,89],{"class":88},[31,142873,271],{"class":259},[31,142875,142876],{"class":263},"photo_202.jpg",[31,142878,3934],{"class":259},[31,142880,142881,142884,142886,142888,142891],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,142882,142883],{"class":37},"filename3 ",[31,142885,89],{"class":88},[31,142887,271],{"class":259},[31,142889,142890],{"class":263},"doc_303.jpg",[31,142892,3934],{"class":259},[31,142894,142895],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,142896,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142898,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,142900,128232],{"class":37},[31,142902,89],{"class":88},[31,142904,92],{"class":41},[31,142906,260],{"class":259},[31,142908,142547],{"class":263},[31,142910,260],{"class":259},[31,142912,99],{"class":41},[31,142914,271],{"class":259},[31,142916,142556],{"class":263},[31,142918,260],{"class":259},[31,142920,120],{"class":41},[31,142922,142923],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,142924,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,142926,142927,142929,142931,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,142928,134],{"class":133},[31,142930,137],{"class":41},[31,142932,142933],{"class":140},"filename1",[31,142935,70],{"class":41},[31,142937,142012],{"class":140},[31,142939,137],{"class":41},[31,142941,128284],{"class":140},[31,142943,5945],{"class":41},[31,142945,4241],{"class":157},[31,142947,142948,142950,142952,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,142949,134],{"class":133},[31,142951,137],{"class":41},[31,142953,142954],{"class":140},"filename2",[31,142956,70],{"class":41},[31,142958,142012],{"class":140},[31,142960,137],{"class":41},[31,142962,128284],{"class":140},[31,142964,5945],{"class":41},[31,142966,4241],{"class":157},[31,142968,142969,142971,142973,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,142970,134],{"class":133},[31,142972,137],{"class":41},[31,142974,142975],{"class":140},"filename3",[31,142977,70],{"class":41},[31,142979,142012],{"class":140},[31,142981,137],{"class":41},[31,142983,128284],{"class":140},[31,142985,5945],{"class":41},[31,142987,5354],{"class":157},[14,142989,142990],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142992,75376,142993,142997],{},[264,142994,126937,142995,11333],{"href":130531},[28,142996,126995],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[72,142999,124584],{"id":124583},[14,143001,143002,124395],{},[28,143003,128305],{},[14,143005,127982,143006,4975,143009,127989],{},[28,143007,143008],{},"\"Python\"",[28,143010,143011],{},"\"python\"",[21,143013,143015],{"className":23,"code":143014,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[28,143016,143017,143029,143033,143057],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143018,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143020,35292],{"class":37},[31,143022,89],{"class":88},[31,143024,271],{"class":259},[31,143026,7884],{"class":263},[31,143028,3934],{"class":259},[31,143030,143031],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143032,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,143034,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143036,134],{"class":133},[31,143038,137],{"class":41},[31,143040,35313],{"class":140},[31,143042,70],{"class":41},[31,143044,142012],{"class":140},[31,143046,137],{"class":41},[31,143048,260],{"class":259},[31,143050,142123],{"class":263},[31,143052,260],{"class":259},[31,143054,5945],{"class":41},[31,143056,4241],{"class":157},[31,143058,143059,143061,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,143060,134],{"class":133},[31,143062,137],{"class":41},[31,143064,35313],{"class":140},[31,143066,70],{"class":41},[31,143068,142012],{"class":140},[31,143070,137],{"class":41},[31,143072,260],{"class":259},[31,143074,129383],{"class":263},[31,143076,260],{"class":259},[31,143078,5945],{"class":41},[31,143080,5354],{"class":157},[14,143082,128074,143083,70],{},[264,143084,143085],{"href":124664},[28,143086,124667],{},[21,143088,143090],{"className":23,"code":143089,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[28,143091,143092,143104,143108],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143093,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143095,35292],{"class":37},[31,143097,89],{"class":88},[31,143099,271],{"class":259},[31,143101,7884],{"class":263},[31,143103,3934],{"class":259},[31,143105,143106],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143107,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,143109,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143111,134],{"class":133},[31,143113,137],{"class":41},[31,143115,35313],{"class":140},[31,143117,70],{"class":41},[31,143119,9231],{"class":140},[31,143121,9228],{"class":41},[31,143123,142012],{"class":140},[31,143125,137],{"class":41},[31,143127,260],{"class":259},[31,143129,129383],{"class":263},[31,143131,260],{"class":259},[31,143133,5945],{"class":41},[31,143135,4241],{"class":157},[72,143137,5544,143139],{"id":143138},"when-to-use-startswith",[28,143140,128305],{},[14,143142,143143,143145],{},[28,143144,128305],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,143147,9965],{},[228,143149,143150,143153,143156,143165],{},[231,143151,143152],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[231,143154,143155],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[231,143157,143158,143159,3456,143162],{},"Validating text formats like ",[28,143160,143161],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[28,143163,143164],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[231,143166,143167],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,143169,242],{},[21,143171,143173],{"className":23,"code":143172,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[28,143174,143175,143188,143192,143221],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143176,143177,143179,143181,143183,143186],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143178,127800],{"class":37},[31,143180,89],{"class":88},[31,143182,271],{"class":259},[31,143184,143185],{"class":263},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[31,143187,3934],{"class":259},[31,143189,143190],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143191,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,143193,143194,143196,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143195,7584],{"class":4457},[31,143197,143198],{"class":37}," url",[31,143200,70],{"class":41},[31,143202,142012],{"class":140},[31,143204,6095],{"class":41},[31,143206,260],{"class":259},[31,143208,143161],{"class":263},[31,143210,260],{"class":259},[31,143212,99],{"class":41},[31,143214,271],{"class":259},[31,143216,143164],{"class":263},[31,143218,260],{"class":259},[31,143220,70171],{"class":41},[31,143222,143223,143225,143227,143229,143232,143234],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,143224,8657],{"class":133},[31,143226,137],{"class":41},[31,143228,260],{"class":259},[31,143230,143231],{"class":263},"This looks like a web URL.",[31,143233,260],{"class":259},[31,143235,120],{"class":41},[72,143237,3407],{"id":3406},[14,143239,23694,143240,70],{},[28,143241,128305],{},[613,143243,139376],{"id":143244},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,143246,143247,124395],{},[28,143248,128305],{},[21,143250,143252],{"className":23,"code":143251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[28,143253,143254,143266],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143255,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143257,35292],{"class":37},[31,143259,89],{"class":88},[31,143261,271],{"class":259},[31,143263,7884],{"class":263},[31,143265,3934],{"class":259},[31,143267,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280,143282,143284,143286,143288],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143269,134],{"class":133},[31,143271,137],{"class":41},[31,143273,35313],{"class":140},[31,143275,70],{"class":41},[31,143277,142012],{"class":140},[31,143279,137],{"class":41},[31,143281,260],{"class":259},[31,143283,25],{"class":263},[31,143285,260],{"class":259},[31,143287,5945],{"class":41},[31,143289,5354],{"class":157},[14,143291,39867],{},[21,143293,143295],{"className":23,"code":143294,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[28,143296,143297],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143298,143299,143301,143303,143305,143307,143309,143311,143313,143315,143317,143319,143321,143323],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143300,134],{"class":133},[31,143302,137],{"class":41},[31,143304,35313],{"class":140},[31,143306,70],{"class":41},[31,143308,9231],{"class":140},[31,143310,9228],{"class":41},[31,143312,142012],{"class":140},[31,143314,137],{"class":41},[31,143316,260],{"class":259},[31,143318,25],{"class":263},[31,143320,260],{"class":259},[31,143322,5945],{"class":41},[31,143324,4241],{"class":157},[613,143326,30252,143328,137858],{"id":143327},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[28,143329,128305],{},[14,143331,143332],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[21,143334,143336],{"className":23,"code":143335,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[28,143337,143338,143346,143350,143355],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143339,143340,143342,143344],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143341,3022],{"class":37},[31,143343,89],{"class":88},[31,143345,125619],{"class":95},[31,143347,143348],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143349,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,143351,143352],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143353,143354],{"class":157},"# This will cause an error:\n",[31,143356,143357],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,143358,143359],{"class":157},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,143361,39867],{},[21,143363,143365],{"className":23,"code":143364,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[28,143366,143367,143381],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143368,143369,143371,143373,143375,143377,143379],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143370,3022],{"class":37},[31,143372,89],{"class":88},[31,143374,49513],{"class":1561},[31,143376,137],{"class":41},[31,143378,50854],{"class":95},[31,143380,120],{"class":41},[31,143382,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399,143401,143403],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143384,134],{"class":133},[31,143386,137],{"class":41},[31,143388,3049],{"class":140},[31,143390,70],{"class":41},[31,143392,142012],{"class":140},[31,143394,137],{"class":41},[31,143396,260],{"class":259},[31,143398,146],{"class":263},[31,143400,260],{"class":259},[31,143402,5945],{"class":41},[31,143404,4241],{"class":157},[613,143406,37808,143408,9295,143410],{"id":143407},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[28,143409,128305],{},[28,143411,4464],{},[14,143413,143414,143416],{},[28,143415,128305],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,143418,143419,143420,143422,143423,70],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[28,143421,4464],{}," or methods like ",[264,143424,143425],{"href":124947},[28,143426,124932],{},[21,143428,143430],{"className":23,"code":143429,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[28,143431,143432,143444,143448,143472],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143433,143434,143436,143438,143440,143442],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143435,35292],{"class":37},[31,143437,89],{"class":88},[31,143439,271],{"class":259},[31,143441,61016],{"class":263},[31,143443,3934],{"class":259},[31,143445,143446],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143447,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,143449,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143466,143468,143470],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143451,134],{"class":133},[31,143453,137],{"class":41},[31,143455,35313],{"class":140},[31,143457,70],{"class":41},[31,143459,142012],{"class":140},[31,143461,137],{"class":41},[31,143463,260],{"class":259},[31,143465,61200],{"class":263},[31,143467,260],{"class":259},[31,143469,5945],{"class":41},[31,143471,5354],{"class":157},[31,143473,143474,143476,143478,143480,143482,143484,143486,143488,143490],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,143475,134],{"class":133},[31,143477,137],{"class":41},[31,143479,260],{"class":259},[31,143481,61200],{"class":263},[31,143483,260],{"class":259},[31,143485,21772],{"class":4457},[31,143487,43448],{"class":140},[31,143489,4238],{"class":41},[31,143491,143492],{"class":157},"           # True\n",[14,143494,136410,143495,70],{},[264,143496,127973],{"href":124192},[613,143498,5287,143500,4975,143502,143504],{"id":143499},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[28,143501,45],{},[28,143503,53269],{}," use index positions",[14,143506,143507,143508,70],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[28,143509,1243],{},[21,143511,143513],{"className":23,"code":143512,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[28,143514,143515,143528,143532],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143516,143517,143519,143521,143523,143526],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143518,35292],{"class":37},[31,143520,89],{"class":88},[31,143522,271],{"class":259},[31,143524,143525],{"class":263},"abcdef",[31,143527,3934],{"class":259},[31,143529,143530],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143531,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,143533,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548,143551,143553,143555,143557,143559],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143535,134],{"class":133},[31,143537,137],{"class":41},[31,143539,35313],{"class":140},[31,143541,70],{"class":41},[31,143543,142012],{"class":140},[31,143545,137],{"class":41},[31,143547,260],{"class":259},[31,143549,143550],{"class":263},"cd",[31,143552,260],{"class":259},[31,143554,99],{"class":41},[31,143556,3571],{"class":95},[31,143558,5945],{"class":41},[31,143560,4241],{"class":157},[613,143562,143564],{"id":143563},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143566,143567],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143569,17241],{},[21,143571,143573],{"className":23,"code":143572,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[28,143574,143575],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143576,143577],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143578,143572],{"class":157},[14,143580,17253],{},[21,143582,143584],{"className":23,"code":143583,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[28,143585,143586,143598],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143587,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143589,35292],{"class":37},[31,143591,89],{"class":88},[31,143593,271],{"class":259},[31,143595,7884],{"class":263},[31,143597,3934],{"class":259},[31,143599,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143625,143627,143629],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143601,134],{"class":133},[31,143603,137],{"class":41},[31,143605,35313],{"class":140},[31,143607,70],{"class":41},[31,143609,142012],{"class":140},[31,143611,6095],{"class":41},[31,143613,260],{"class":259},[31,143615,142123],{"class":263},[31,143617,260],{"class":259},[31,143619,99],{"class":41},[31,143621,271],{"class":259},[31,143623,143624],{"class":263},"Ja",[31,143626,260],{"class":259},[31,143628,51699],{"class":41},[31,143630,4241],{"class":157},[14,143632,32686],{},[21,143634,143636],{"className":23,"code":143635,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[28,143637,143638,143648,143662,143684,143710],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143639,143640,143642,143644,143646],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143641,134],{"class":133},[31,143643,137],{"class":41},[31,143645,35313],{"class":140},[31,143647,120],{"class":41},[31,143649,143650,143652,143654,143656,143658,143660],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143651,134],{"class":133},[31,143653,137],{"class":41},[31,143655,1562],{"class":1561},[31,143657,137],{"class":41},[31,143659,35313],{"class":140},[31,143661,1569],{"class":41},[31,143663,143664,143666,143668,143670,143672,143674,143676,143678,143680,143682],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143665,134],{"class":133},[31,143667,137],{"class":41},[31,143669,35313],{"class":140},[31,143671,70],{"class":41},[31,143673,142012],{"class":140},[31,143675,137],{"class":41},[31,143677,260],{"class":259},[31,143679,142123],{"class":263},[31,143681,260],{"class":259},[31,143683,1569],{"class":41},[31,143685,143686,143688,143690,143692,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,143687,134],{"class":133},[31,143689,137],{"class":41},[31,143691,35313],{"class":140},[31,143693,70],{"class":41},[31,143695,9231],{"class":140},[31,143697,9228],{"class":41},[31,143699,142012],{"class":140},[31,143701,137],{"class":41},[31,143703,260],{"class":259},[31,143705,129383],{"class":263},[31,143707,260],{"class":259},[31,143709,1569],{"class":41},[31,143711,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724,143726,143728,143730,143732,143734,143736,143738],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,143713,134],{"class":133},[31,143715,137],{"class":41},[31,143717,35313],{"class":140},[31,143719,70],{"class":41},[31,143721,142012],{"class":140},[31,143723,6095],{"class":41},[31,143725,260],{"class":259},[31,143727,142123],{"class":263},[31,143729,260],{"class":259},[31,143731,99],{"class":41},[31,143733,271],{"class":259},[31,143735,143624],{"class":263},[31,143737,260],{"class":259},[31,143739,3490],{"class":41},[72,143741,2435],{"id":2434},[613,143743,13299,143745,128783],{"id":143744},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[28,143746,128305],{},[14,143748,143749,143750,3456,143752,70],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[28,143751,4181],{},[28,143753,4251],{},[613,143755,5752,143757,143759],{"id":143756},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[28,143758,128305],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143761,143762],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[21,143764,143766],{"className":23,"code":143765,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[28,143767,143768],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143769,143770,143772,143774,143776,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143771,35313],{"class":37},[31,143773,70],{"class":41},[31,143775,142012],{"class":140},[31,143777,6095],{"class":41},[31,143779,260],{"class":259},[31,143781,264],{"class":263},[31,143783,260],{"class":259},[31,143785,99],{"class":41},[31,143787,271],{"class":259},[31,143789,274],{"class":263},[31,143791,260],{"class":259},[31,143793,1569],{"class":41},[613,143795,15501,143797,125273],{"id":143796},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[28,143798,128305],{},[14,143800,130466],{},[613,143802,5762,143804,4975,143806,2466],{"id":143803},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[28,143805,128305],{},[28,143807,4464],{},[14,143809,143810,143812,143813,143815],{},[28,143811,128305],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[28,143814,4464],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[613,143817,28930,143819,4975,143821,9295,143823,2466],{"id":143818},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[28,143820,45],{},[28,143822,53269],{},[28,143824,128305],{},[14,143826,143827],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[72,143829,2475],{"id":2474},[228,143831,143832,143838,143844,143850,143854],{},[231,143833,143834],{},[264,143835,126937,143836,11333],{"href":130531},[28,143837,126995],{},[231,143839,143840],{},[264,143841,126937,143842,11333],{"href":124947},[28,143843,124932],{},[231,143845,143846],{},[264,143847,126937,143848,11333],{"href":124664},[28,143849,124667],{},[231,143851,143852],{},[264,143853,125336],{"href":124192},[231,143855,143856],{},[264,143857,125692],{"href":51583},[2499,143859,143860],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":143862},[143863,143865,143866,143872,143873,143875,143876,143877,143879,143889,143901],{"id":142058,"depth":123,"text":143864},"What startswith() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":142337,"depth":123,"text":142338,"children":143867},[143868,143869,143870,143871],{"id":142175,"depth":130,"text":142175},{"id":45,"depth":130,"text":45},{"id":53269,"depth":130,"text":53269},{"id":142504,"depth":130,"text":142505},{"id":18016,"depth":123,"text":18017},{"id":142682,"depth":123,"text":143874},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142836,"depth":123,"text":142837},{"id":124583,"depth":123,"text":124584},{"id":143138,"depth":123,"text":143878},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":143880},[143881,143882,143884,143886,143888],{"id":143244,"depth":130,"text":139376},{"id":143327,"depth":130,"text":143883},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143407,"depth":130,"text":143885},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143499,"depth":130,"text":143887},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143563,"depth":130,"text":143564},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":143890},[143891,143893,143895,143897,143899],{"id":143744,"depth":130,"text":143892},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143756,"depth":130,"text":143894},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143796,"depth":130,"text":143896},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143803,"depth":130,"text":143898},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143818,"depth":130,"text":143900},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141958,"description":143902},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143909,"title":143910,"body":143911,"description":145365,"extension":2542,"meta":145366,"navigation":126,"path":145367,"seo":145368,"stem":145369,"__hash__":145370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143912,"toc":145335},[143913,143918,143923,143926,143928,143972,143974,143982,143987,143992,143997,143999,144017,144019,144065,144067,144081,144090,144094,144096,144098,144110,144115,144118,144150,144152,144161,144166,144169,144210,144212,144220,144222,144235,144241,144245,144248,144264,144266,144315,144317,144326,144329,144388,144390,144399,144406,144409,144462,144464,144488,144495,144501,144505,144511,144514,144525,144527,144567,144569,144577,144579,144619,144621,144630,144632,144650,144653,144660,144671,144674,144691,144693,144770,144772,144803,144806,144808,144811,144837,144839,144879,144881,144890,144900,144908,144916,144921,144926,144928,144942,144944,144995,144997,145006,145016,145018,145020,145042,145045,145124,145126,145162,145165,145240,145245,145247,145253,145258,145263,145266,145272,145275,145282,145290,145294,145302,145304,145332],[10,143914,123937,143916,11914],{"id":143915},"python-string-strip-method",[28,143917,42259],{},[14,143919,32921,143920,143922],{},[28,143921,42259],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143924,143925],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[72,143927,4186],{"id":4185},[21,143929,143931],{"className":23,"code":143930,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[28,143932,143933,143946,143961],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143934,143935,143937,143939,143941,143944],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143936,35292],{"class":37},[31,143938,89],{"class":88},[31,143940,271],{"class":259},[31,143942,143943],{"class":263},"  hello  ",[31,143945,3934],{"class":259},[31,143947,143948,143951,143953,143955,143957,143959],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,143949,143950],{"class":37},"clean_text ",[31,143952,89],{"class":88},[31,143954,43448],{"class":37},[31,143956,70],{"class":41},[31,143958,9225],{"class":140},[31,143960,1772],{"class":41},[31,143962,143963,143965,143967,143970],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,143964,134],{"class":133},[31,143966,137],{"class":41},[31,143968,143969],{"class":140},"clean_text",[31,143971,120],{"class":41},[14,143973,358],{},[21,143975,143976],{"className":23,"code":139251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,143977,143978],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,143979,143980],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,143981,139251],{"class":37},[14,143983,2668,143984,143986],{},[28,143985,42259],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[72,143988,4255,143990,4258],{"id":143989},"what-strip-does",[28,143991,42259],{},[14,143993,143994,143996],{},[28,143995,42259],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143998,13648],{},[228,144000,144001,144005,144008,144011,144014],{},[231,144002,144003,132287],{},[28,144004,42259],{},[231,144006,144007],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[231,144009,144010],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[231,144012,144013],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[231,144015,144016],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,144018,242],{},[21,144020,144022],{"className":23,"code":144021,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[28,144023,144024,144037,144041,144055],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144025,144026,144028,144030,144032,144035],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144027,35292],{"class":37},[31,144029,89],{"class":88},[31,144031,271],{"class":259},[31,144033,144034],{"class":263},"  hello world  ",[31,144036,3934],{"class":259},[31,144038,144039],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144040,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,144042,144043,144045,144047,144049,144051,144053],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144044,134],{"class":133},[31,144046,137],{"class":41},[31,144048,35313],{"class":140},[31,144050,70],{"class":41},[31,144052,9225],{"class":140},[31,144054,7781],{"class":41},[31,144056,144057,144059,144061,144063],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,144058,134],{"class":133},[31,144060,137],{"class":41},[31,144062,35313],{"class":140},[31,144064,120],{"class":41},[14,144066,358],{},[21,144068,144070],{"className":23,"code":144069,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[28,144071,144072,144076],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144073,144074],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144075,134952],{"class":37},[31,144077,144078],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144079,144080],{"class":37},"  hello world\n",[14,144082,144083,144084,144086,144087,144089],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[28,144085,42259],{},", but the original ",[28,144088,35313],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,144091,125689,144092,70],{},[264,144093,125692],{"href":51583},[72,144095,2733],{"id":2732},[14,144097,27088],{},[228,144099,144100,144105],{},[231,144101,144102],{},[28,144103,144104],{},"string.strip()",[231,144106,144107],{},[28,144108,144109],{},"string.strip(chars)",[613,144111,144113],{"id":144112},"stringstrip",[28,144114,144104],{},[14,144116,144117],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[21,144119,144121],{"className":23,"code":144120,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[28,144122,144123,144136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144124,144125,144127,144129,144131,144134],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144126,8464],{"class":37},[31,144128,89],{"class":88},[31,144130,271],{"class":259},[31,144132,144133],{"class":263},"  Alice  ",[31,144135,3934],{"class":259},[31,144137,144138,144140,144142,144144,144146,144148],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144139,134],{"class":133},[31,144141,137],{"class":41},[31,144143,8256],{"class":140},[31,144145,70],{"class":41},[31,144147,9225],{"class":140},[31,144149,7781],{"class":41},[14,144151,358],{},[21,144153,144155],{"className":23,"code":144154,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Alice\n",[28,144156,144157],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144158,144159],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144160,144154],{"class":37},[613,144162,144164],{"id":144163},"stringstripchars",[28,144165,144109],{},[14,144167,144168],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[21,144170,144172],{"className":23,"code":144171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[28,144173,144174,144187],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144175,144176,144178,144180,144182,144185],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144177,35292],{"class":37},[31,144179,89],{"class":88},[31,144181,271],{"class":259},[31,144183,144184],{"class":263},"!!hello??",[31,144186,3934],{"class":259},[31,144188,144189,144191,144193,144195,144197,144199,144201,144203,144206,144208],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144190,134],{"class":133},[31,144192,137],{"class":41},[31,144194,35313],{"class":140},[31,144196,70],{"class":41},[31,144198,9225],{"class":140},[31,144200,137],{"class":41},[31,144202,260],{"class":259},[31,144204,144205],{"class":263},"!?",[31,144207,260],{"class":259},[31,144209,1569],{"class":41},[14,144211,358],{},[21,144213,144214],{"className":23,"code":139251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,144215,144216],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144217,144218],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144219,139251],{"class":37},[14,144221,84405],{},[228,144223,144224,144229],{},[231,144225,144226,144228],{},[28,144227,135195],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[231,144230,144231,144232,144234],{},"The order of characters in ",[28,144233,135195],{}," does not matter",[72,144236,144238,144239],{"id":144237},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[28,144240,42259],{},[14,144242,31488,144243,70],{},[28,144244,42259],{},[14,144246,144247],{},"It is useful for:",[228,144249,144250,144255,144258,144261],{},[231,144251,144252,144253,4467],{},"Cleaning ",[28,144254,3536],{},[231,144256,144257],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[231,144259,144260],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[231,144262,144263],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,144265,48970],{},[21,144267,144269],{"className":23,"code":144268,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[28,144270,144271,144284,144300,144304],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144282],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144274,8549],{"class":37},[31,144276,89],{"class":88},[31,144278,271],{"class":259},[31,144280,144281],{"class":263},"  sam  ",[31,144283,3934],{"class":259},[31,144285,144286,144289,144291,144294,144296,144298],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144287,144288],{"class":37},"clean_username ",[31,144290,89],{"class":88},[31,144292,144293],{"class":37}," username",[31,144295,70],{"class":41},[31,144297,9225],{"class":140},[31,144299,1772],{"class":41},[31,144301,144302],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144303,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,144305,144306,144308,144310,144313],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,144307,134],{"class":133},[31,144309,137],{"class":41},[31,144311,144312],{"class":140},"clean_username",[31,144314,120],{"class":41},[14,144316,358],{},[21,144318,144320],{"className":23,"code":144319,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"sam\n",[28,144321,144322],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144323,144324],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144325,144319],{"class":37},[14,144327,144328],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[21,144330,144332],{"className":23,"code":144331,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[28,144333,144334,144347,144351,144373],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144335,144336,144338,144340,144342,144345],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144337,137179],{"class":37},[31,144339,89],{"class":88},[31,144341,271],{"class":259},[31,144343,144344],{"class":263}," yes  ",[31,144346,3934],{"class":259},[31,144348,144349],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144350,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,144352,144353,144355,144357,144359,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144354,7584],{"class":4457},[31,144356,137199],{"class":37},[31,144358,70],{"class":41},[31,144360,9225],{"class":140},[31,144362,7953],{"class":41},[31,144364,6993],{"class":88},[31,144366,271],{"class":259},[31,144368,9248],{"class":263},[31,144370,260],{"class":259},[31,144372,6978],{"class":41},[31,144374,144375,144377,144379,144381,144384,144386],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,144376,8657],{"class":133},[31,144378,137],{"class":41},[31,144380,260],{"class":259},[31,144382,144383],{"class":263},"Matched",[31,144385,260],{"class":259},[31,144387,120],{"class":41},[14,144389,358],{},[21,144391,144393],{"className":23,"code":144392,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Matched\n",[28,144394,144395],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144396,144397],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144398,144392],{"class":37},[14,144400,144401,144402,70],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[264,144403,144405],{"href":144404},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,144407,144408],{},"Example with file-style text:",[21,144410,144412],{"className":23,"code":144411,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[28,144413,144414,144430,144444],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144415,144416,144419,144421,144423,144426,144428],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144417,144418],{"class":37},"line ",[31,144420,89],{"class":88},[31,144422,271],{"class":259},[31,144424,144425],{"class":263},"Python basics",[31,144427,87737],{"class":35057},[31,144429,3934],{"class":259},[31,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144433,134],{"class":133},[31,144435,137],{"class":41},[31,144437,42385],{"class":133},[31,144439,137],{"class":41},[31,144441,33],{"class":140},[31,144443,1569],{"class":41},[31,144445,144446,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456,144458,144460],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144447,134],{"class":133},[31,144449,137],{"class":41},[31,144451,42385],{"class":133},[31,144453,137],{"class":41},[31,144455,33],{"class":140},[31,144457,70],{"class":41},[31,144459,9225],{"class":140},[31,144461,6874],{"class":41},[14,144463,358],{},[21,144465,144467],{"className":23,"code":144466,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[28,144468,144469,144480],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144470,144471,144473,144475,144478],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144472,370],{"class":43935},[31,144474,144425],{"class":43939},[31,144476,87737],{"class":144477},"sfi6f",[31,144479,30302],{"class":43935},[31,144481,144482,144484,144486],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144483,370],{"class":43935},[31,144485,144425],{"class":43939},[31,144487,30302],{"class":43935},[14,144489,9007,144490,144492,144493,70],{},[28,144491,123151],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[28,144494,87737],{},[14,144496,144497,144498,70],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[264,144499,144500],{"href":88390},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[72,144502,144504],{"id":144503},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,144506,144507,144508,70],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[28,144509,144510],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,144512,144513],{},"Python will:",[228,144515,144516,144519,144522],{},[231,144517,144518],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[231,144520,144521],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[231,144523,144524],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144526,242],{},[21,144528,144530],{"className":23,"code":144529,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[28,144531,144532,144545],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144533,144534,144536,144538,144540,144543],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144535,35292],{"class":37},[31,144537,89],{"class":88},[31,144539,271],{"class":259},[31,144541,144542],{"class":263},"??hello!!",[31,144544,3934],{"class":259},[31,144546,144547,144549,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559,144561,144563,144565],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144548,134],{"class":133},[31,144550,137],{"class":41},[31,144552,35313],{"class":140},[31,144554,70],{"class":41},[31,144556,9225],{"class":140},[31,144558,137],{"class":41},[31,144560,260],{"class":259},[31,144562,144205],{"class":263},[31,144564,260],{"class":259},[31,144566,1569],{"class":41},[14,144568,358],{},[21,144570,144571],{"className":23,"code":139251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,144572,144573],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144574,144575],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144576,139251],{"class":37},[14,144578,52688],{},[21,144580,144582],{"className":23,"code":144581,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[28,144583,144584,144597],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592,144595],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144587,35292],{"class":37},[31,144589,89],{"class":88},[31,144591,271],{"class":259},[31,144593,144594],{"class":263},"abcHelloCba",[31,144596,3934],{"class":259},[31,144598,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607,144609,144611,144613,144615,144617],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144600,134],{"class":133},[31,144602,137],{"class":41},[31,144604,35313],{"class":140},[31,144606,70],{"class":41},[31,144608,9225],{"class":140},[31,144610,137],{"class":41},[31,144612,260],{"class":259},[31,144614,42166],{"class":263},[31,144616,260],{"class":259},[31,144618,1569],{"class":41},[14,144620,358],{},[21,144622,144624],{"className":23,"code":144623,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"HelloC\n",[28,144625,144626],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144627,144628],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144629,144623],{"class":37},[14,144631,6819],{},[14,144633,144634,14651,144637,144639,144640,144642,144643,2766,144645,2770,144647,144649],{},[28,144635,144636],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[67,144638,5213],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[28,144641,42166],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[28,144644,264],{},[28,144646,274],{},[28,144648,283],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144651,144652],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144654,144655,144656,7217],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[264,144657,144658],{"href":130518},[28,144659,125108],{},[72,144661,144663,11177,144665,11177,144668],{"id":144662},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[28,144664,42259],{},[28,144666,144667],{},"lstrip()",[28,144669,144670],{},"rstrip()",[14,144672,144673],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[228,144675,144676,144681,144686],{},[231,144677,144678,144680],{},[28,144679,42259],{}," removes from both ends",[231,144682,144683,144685],{},[28,144684,144667],{}," removes from the left side only",[231,144687,144688,144690],{},[28,144689,144670],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144692,242],{},[21,144694,144696],{"className":23,"code":144695,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[28,144697,144698,144710,144714,144732,144751],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144699,144700,144702,144704,144706,144708],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144701,35292],{"class":37},[31,144703,89],{"class":88},[31,144705,271],{"class":259},[31,144707,143943],{"class":263},[31,144709,3934],{"class":259},[31,144711,144712],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144713,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,144715,144716,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726,144728,144730],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144717,134],{"class":133},[31,144719,137],{"class":41},[31,144721,42385],{"class":133},[31,144723,137],{"class":41},[31,144725,35313],{"class":140},[31,144727,70],{"class":41},[31,144729,9225],{"class":140},[31,144731,6874],{"class":41},[31,144733,144734,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744,144746,144749],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,144735,134],{"class":133},[31,144737,137],{"class":41},[31,144739,42385],{"class":133},[31,144741,137],{"class":41},[31,144743,35313],{"class":140},[31,144745,70],{"class":41},[31,144747,144748],{"class":140},"lstrip",[31,144750,6874],{"class":41},[31,144752,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761,144763,144765,144768],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,144754,134],{"class":133},[31,144756,137],{"class":41},[31,144758,42385],{"class":133},[31,144760,137],{"class":41},[31,144762,35313],{"class":140},[31,144764,70],{"class":41},[31,144766,144767],{"class":140},"rstrip",[31,144769,6874],{"class":41},[14,144771,358],{},[21,144773,144775],{"className":23,"code":144774,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[28,144776,144777,144785,144794],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144778,144779,144781,144783],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144780,370],{"class":43935},[31,144782,4425],{"class":43939},[31,144784,30302],{"class":43935},[31,144786,144787,144789,144792],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144788,370],{"class":43935},[31,144790,144791],{"class":43939},"hello  ",[31,144793,30302],{"class":43935},[31,144795,144796,144798,144801],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144797,370],{"class":43935},[31,144799,144800],{"class":43939},"  hello",[31,144802,30302],{"class":43935},[14,144804,144805],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[72,144807,108947],{"id":108946},[14,144809,144810],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[228,144812,144813,144821,144831,144834],{},[231,144814,144815,144817,144818,144820],{},[28,144816,144636],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[28,144819,42135],{}," once",[231,144822,144823,144824,2766,144826,2770,144828,144830],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[28,144825,264],{},[28,144827,274],{},[28,144829,283],{}," from both ends",[231,144832,144833],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[231,144835,144836],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144838,242],{},[21,144840,144842],{"className":23,"code":144841,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[28,144843,144844,144857],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144845,144846,144848,144850,144852,144855],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144847,127020],{"class":37},[31,144849,89],{"class":88},[31,144851,271],{"class":259},[31,144853,144854],{"class":263},"txt_report.txt",[31,144856,3934],{"class":259},[31,144858,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871,144873,144875,144877],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144860,134],{"class":133},[31,144862,137],{"class":41},[31,144864,127038],{"class":140},[31,144866,70],{"class":41},[31,144868,9225],{"class":140},[31,144870,137],{"class":41},[31,144872,260],{"class":259},[31,144874,127073],{"class":263},[31,144876,260],{"class":259},[31,144878,1569],{"class":41},[14,144880,358],{},[21,144882,144884],{"className":23,"code":144883,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"_report\n",[28,144885,144886],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144887,144888],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144889,144883],{"class":37},[14,144891,144892,144893,2766,144895,2770,144897,144899],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[28,144894,70],{},[28,144896,63895],{},[28,144898,2750],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144901,54262,144902,5366,144905,144907],{},[28,144903,144904],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[67,144906,5213],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144909,144910,144911,144915],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[264,144912,144913],{"href":130518},[28,144914,125108],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[72,144917,5544,144919],{"id":144918},"when-to-use-strip",[28,144920,42259],{},[14,144922,2668,144923,144925],{},[28,144924,42259],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144927,37030],{},[228,144929,144930,144934,144936,144939],{},[231,144931,144252,144932,4467],{},[28,144933,3536],{},[231,144935,144257],{},[231,144937,144938],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[231,144940,144941],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144943,242],{},[21,144945,144947],{"className":23,"code":144946,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[28,144948,144949,144963,144967,144980],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,144950,144951,144954,144956,144958,144961],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,144952,144953],{"class":37},"email ",[31,144955,89],{"class":88},[31,144957,271],{"class":259},[31,144959,144960],{"class":263},"  user@example.com  ",[31,144962,3934],{"class":259},[31,144964,144965],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,144966,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,144968,144969,144971,144974,144976,144978],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,144970,7584],{"class":4457},[31,144972,144973],{"class":37}," email",[31,144975,70],{"class":41},[31,144977,9225],{"class":140},[31,144979,22194],{"class":41},[31,144981,144982,144984,144986,144988,144991,144993],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,144983,8657],{"class":133},[31,144985,137],{"class":41},[31,144987,260],{"class":259},[31,144989,144990],{"class":263},"Email was entered",[31,144992,260],{"class":259},[31,144994,120],{"class":41},[14,144996,358],{},[21,144998,145000],{"className":23,"code":144999,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Email was entered\n",[28,145001,145002],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145003,145004],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145005,144999],{"class":37},[14,145007,145008,145009,145011,145012,70],{},"You may also combine ",[28,145010,42259],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[264,145013,145014],{"href":124664},[28,145015,124667],{},[72,145017,3407],{"id":3406},[14,145019,84824],{},[228,145021,145022,145026,145031,145036],{},[231,145023,9043,145024,132157],{},[28,145025,42259],{},[231,145027,9043,145028,145030],{},[28,145029,42259],{}," to remove text from the middle",[231,145032,9007,145033,145035],{},[28,145034,144904],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[231,145037,5287,145038,145041],{},[28,145039,145040],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,145043,145044],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[21,145046,145048],{"className":23,"code":145047,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[28,145049,145050,145064,145068,145078,145092,145106],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145051,145052,145054,145056,145058,145060,145062],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145053,35292],{"class":37},[31,145055,89],{"class":88},[31,145057,271],{"class":259},[31,145059,144800],{"class":263},[31,145061,87737],{"class":35057},[31,145063,3934],{"class":259},[31,145065,145066],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145067,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145071,134],{"class":133},[31,145073,137],{"class":41},[31,145075,35313],{"class":140},[31,145077,120],{"class":41},[31,145079,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145081,134],{"class":133},[31,145083,137],{"class":41},[31,145085,42385],{"class":133},[31,145087,137],{"class":41},[31,145089,35313],{"class":140},[31,145091,1569],{"class":41},[31,145093,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102,145104],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,145095,134],{"class":133},[31,145097,137],{"class":41},[31,145099,35313],{"class":140},[31,145101,70],{"class":41},[31,145103,9225],{"class":140},[31,145105,7781],{"class":41},[31,145107,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116,145118,145120,145122],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,145109,134],{"class":133},[31,145111,137],{"class":41},[31,145113,42385],{"class":133},[31,145115,137],{"class":41},[31,145117,35313],{"class":140},[31,145119,70],{"class":41},[31,145121,9225],{"class":140},[31,145123,6874],{"class":41},[14,145125,358],{},[21,145127,145129],{"className":23,"code":145128,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[28,145130,145131,145136,145140,145150,145154],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145132,145133],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145134,145135],{"class":37},"  hello\n",[31,145137,145138],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145139,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,145141,145142,145144,145146,145148],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145143,370],{"class":43935},[31,145145,144800],{"class":43939},[31,145147,87737],{"class":144477},[31,145149,30302],{"class":43935},[31,145151,145152],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145153,139251],{"class":37},[31,145155,145156,145158,145160],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,145157,370],{"class":43935},[31,145159,4425],{"class":43939},[31,145161,30302],{"class":43935},[14,145163,145164],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[21,145166,145168],{"className":23,"code":145167,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[28,145169,145170,145180,145194,145208,145226],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145171,145172,145174,145176,145178],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145173,134],{"class":133},[31,145175,137],{"class":41},[31,145177,35313],{"class":140},[31,145179,120],{"class":41},[31,145181,145182,145184,145186,145188,145190,145192],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145183,134],{"class":133},[31,145185,137],{"class":41},[31,145187,42385],{"class":133},[31,145189,137],{"class":41},[31,145191,35313],{"class":140},[31,145193,1569],{"class":41},[31,145195,145196,145198,145200,145202,145204,145206],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145197,134],{"class":133},[31,145199,137],{"class":41},[31,145201,35313],{"class":140},[31,145203,70],{"class":41},[31,145205,9225],{"class":140},[31,145207,7781],{"class":41},[31,145209,145210,145212,145214,145216,145218,145220,145222,145224],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145211,134],{"class":133},[31,145213,137],{"class":41},[31,145215,42385],{"class":133},[31,145217,137],{"class":41},[31,145219,35313],{"class":140},[31,145221,70],{"class":41},[31,145223,9225],{"class":140},[31,145225,6874],{"class":41},[31,145227,145228,145230,145232,145234,145236,145238],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,145229,32756],{"class":133},[31,145231,137],{"class":41},[31,145233,4019],{"class":1561},[31,145235,70],{"class":41},[31,145237,9225],{"class":25350},[31,145239,120],{"class":41},[14,145241,145242,145244],{},[28,145243,123151],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[72,145246,2435],{"id":2434},[613,145248,13299,145250,145252],{"id":145249},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[28,145251,42259],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,145254,46973,145255,145257],{},[28,145256,42259],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[613,145259,13299,145261,125264],{"id":145260},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[28,145262,42259],{},[14,145264,145265],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[613,145267,2453,145269,145271],{"id":145268},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[28,145270,42259],{}," remove by default?",[14,145273,145274],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[613,145276,34809,145278,34812,145280,2466],{"id":145277},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[28,145279,42259],{},[28,145281,125108],{},[14,145283,145284,145286,145287,145289],{},[28,145285,42259],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[28,145288,125108],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[613,145291,145293],{"id":145292},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,145295,128810,145296,145298,145299,145301],{},[28,145297,144667],{}," for the left side and ",[28,145300,144670],{}," for the right side.",[72,145303,2475],{"id":2474},[228,145305,145306,145312,145318,145323,145328],{},[231,145307,145308],{},[264,145309,126937,145310,11333],{"href":124664},[28,145311,124667],{},[231,145313,145314],{},[264,145315,126937,145316,11333],{"href":130518},[28,145317,125108],{},[231,145319,145320],{},[264,145321,145322],{"href":144404},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[231,145324,145325],{},[264,145326,145327],{"href":88390},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[231,145329,145330],{},[264,145331,125692],{"href":51583},[2499,145333,145334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":145336},[145337,145338,145340,145344,145346,145347,145349,145350,145352,145353,145364],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":143989,"depth":123,"text":145339},"What strip() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":145341},[145342,145343],{"id":144112,"depth":130,"text":144104},{"id":144163,"depth":130,"text":144109},{"id":144237,"depth":123,"text":145345},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144503,"depth":123,"text":144504},{"id":144662,"depth":123,"text":145348},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108946,"depth":123,"text":108947},{"id":144918,"depth":123,"text":145351},"When to use strip()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":145354},[145355,145357,145359,145361,145363],{"id":145249,"depth":130,"text":145356},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145260,"depth":130,"text":145358},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145268,"depth":130,"text":145360},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145277,"depth":130,"text":145362},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145292,"depth":130,"text":145293},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143910,"description":145365},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145372,"title":145373,"body":145374,"description":146554,"extension":2542,"meta":146555,"navigation":126,"path":146556,"seo":146557,"stem":146558,"__hash__":146559},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145375,"toc":146524},[145376,145381,145386,145391,145393,145439,145447,145452,145466,145472,145474,145476,145491,145493,145503,145506,145537,145540,145563,145565,145568,145625,145627,145641,145643,145657,145663,145668,145671,145712,145714,145723,145731,145734,145779,145781,145790,145793,145797,145802,145816,145818,145850,145852,145872,145875,145880,145885,145887,145898,145901,145958,145960,145968,145977,145979,145981,145987,145989,146026,146028,146036,146038,146079,146081,146090,146095,146100,146102,146129,146136,146139,146170,146172,146181,146187,146196,146227,146229,146241,146254,146258,146263,146293,146295,146362,146364,146374,146376,146381,146384,146389,146394,146398,146404,146410,146413,146415,146473,146475,146483,146485,146521],[10,145377,123937,145379,11914],{"id":145378},"python-string-upper-method",[28,145380,128815],{},[14,145382,123942,145383,145385],{},[28,145384,128815],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,145387,85201,145388,145390],{},[28,145389,128815],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[72,145392,75],{"id":74},[21,145394,145396],{"className":23,"code":145395,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[28,145397,145398,145410,145424,145434],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145399,145400,145402,145404,145406,145408],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145401,35292],{"class":37},[31,145403,89],{"class":88},[31,145405,271],{"class":259},[31,145407,129656],{"class":263},[31,145409,3934],{"class":259},[31,145411,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145413,1522],{"class":37},[31,145415,89],{"class":88},[31,145417,43448],{"class":37},[31,145419,70],{"class":41},[31,145421,35082],{"class":140},[31,145423,1772],{"class":41},[31,145425,145426,145428,145430,145432],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145427,134],{"class":133},[31,145429,137],{"class":41},[31,145431,1550],{"class":140},[31,145433,120],{"class":41},[31,145435,145436],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145437,145438],{"class":157},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,145440,145441,145443,145444,145446],{},[28,145442,128815],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[67,145445,5213],{}," change the original string in place.",[72,145448,4255,145450,4258],{"id":145449},"what-upper-does",[28,145451,128815],{},[228,145453,145454,145459,145462,145464],{},[231,145455,145456,145458],{},[28,145457,128815],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[231,145460,145461],{},"It works on string values only",[231,145463,134184],{},[231,145465,136902],{},[14,145467,125689,145468,3456,145470,70],{},[264,145469,136908],{"href":136907},[264,145471,125692],{"href":51583},[72,145473,2733],{"id":2732},[14,145475,2736],{},[21,145477,145479],{"className":23,"code":145478,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"string.upper()\n",[28,145480,145481],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145482,145483,145485,145487,145489],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145484,61782],{"class":37},[31,145486,70],{"class":41},[31,145488,35082],{"class":140},[31,145490,1772],{"class":41},[14,145492,12051],{},[228,145494,145495,145497,145500],{},[231,145496,98112],{},[231,145498,145499],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[231,145501,145502],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,145504,145505],{},"Example with a variable:",[21,145507,145509],{"className":23,"code":145508,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[28,145510,145511,145523],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145512,145513,145515,145517,145519,145521],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145514,8464],{"class":37},[31,145516,89],{"class":88},[31,145518,271],{"class":259},[31,145520,25],{"class":263},[31,145522,3934],{"class":259},[31,145524,145525,145527,145529,145531,145533,145535],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145526,134],{"class":133},[31,145528,137],{"class":41},[31,145530,8256],{"class":140},[31,145532,70],{"class":41},[31,145534,35082],{"class":140},[31,145536,7781],{"class":41},[14,145538,145539],{},"Example with a string literal:",[21,145541,145543],{"className":23,"code":145542,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[28,145544,145545],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145546,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145548,134],{"class":133},[31,145550,137],{"class":41},[31,145552,260],{"class":259},[31,145554,4425],{"class":263},[31,145556,260],{"class":259},[31,145558,70],{"class":41},[31,145560,35082],{"class":140},[31,145562,7781],{"class":41},[72,145564,12068],{"id":12067},[14,145566,145567],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[21,145569,145571],{"className":23,"code":145570,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[28,145572,145573,145585,145600,145604,145614],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145574,145575,145577,145579,145581,145583],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145576,6738],{"class":37},[31,145578,89],{"class":88},[31,145580,271],{"class":259},[31,145582,4669],{"class":263},[31,145584,3934],{"class":259},[31,145586,145587,145590,145592,145594,145596,145598],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145588,145589],{"class":37},"uppercase_word ",[31,145591,89],{"class":88},[31,145593,38986],{"class":37},[31,145595,70],{"class":41},[31,145597,35082],{"class":140},[31,145599,1772],{"class":41},[31,145601,145602],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145603,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,145605,145606,145608,145610,145612],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145607,134],{"class":133},[31,145609,137],{"class":41},[31,145611,38996],{"class":140},[31,145613,120],{"class":41},[31,145615,145616,145618,145620,145623],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,145617,134],{"class":133},[31,145619,137],{"class":41},[31,145621,145622],{"class":140},"uppercase_word",[31,145624,120],{"class":41},[14,145626,358],{},[21,145628,145630],{"className":23,"code":145629,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"banana\nBANANA\n",[28,145631,145632,145636],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145633,145634],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145635,71013],{"class":37},[31,145637,145638],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145639,145640],{"class":35057},"BANANA\n",[14,145642,113053],{},[228,145644,145645,145650],{},[231,145646,145647,145649],{},[28,145648,38996],{}," keeps its original value",[231,145651,145652,145654,145655],{},[28,145653,145622],{}," stores the returned value from ",[28,145656,128815],{},[72,145658,145660,145662],{"id":145659},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[28,145661,128815],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145664,137568,145665,145667],{},[67,145666,137571],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145669,145670],{},"So this method:",[21,145672,145674],{"className":23,"code":145673,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[28,145675,145676,145688,145698,145702],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145677,145678,145680,145682,145684,145686],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145679,8464],{"class":37},[31,145681,89],{"class":88},[31,145683,271],{"class":259},[31,145685,18402],{"class":263},[31,145687,3934],{"class":259},[31,145689,145690,145692,145694,145696],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145691,8256],{"class":37},[31,145693,70],{"class":41},[31,145695,35082],{"class":140},[31,145697,1772],{"class":41},[31,145699,145700],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145701,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,145703,145704,145706,145708,145710],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145705,134],{"class":133},[31,145707,137],{"class":41},[31,145709,8256],{"class":140},[31,145711,120],{"class":41},[14,145713,358],{},[21,145715,145717],{"className":23,"code":145716,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"alice\n",[28,145718,145719],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145720,145721],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145722,145716],{"class":37},[14,145724,21576,145725,145727,145728,145730],{},[28,145726,128815],{}," was called, ",[28,145729,8256],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145732,145733],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[21,145735,145737],{"className":23,"code":145736,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[28,145738,145739,145751,145765,145769],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145740,145741,145743,145745,145747,145749],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145742,8464],{"class":37},[31,145744,89],{"class":88},[31,145746,271],{"class":259},[31,145748,18402],{"class":263},[31,145750,3934],{"class":259},[31,145752,145753,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145754,8464],{"class":37},[31,145756,89],{"class":88},[31,145758,36598],{"class":37},[31,145760,70],{"class":41},[31,145762,35082],{"class":140},[31,145764,1772],{"class":41},[31,145766,145767],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145768,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,145770,145771,145773,145775,145777],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145772,134],{"class":133},[31,145774,137],{"class":41},[31,145776,8256],{"class":140},[31,145778,120],{"class":41},[14,145780,358],{},[21,145782,145784],{"className":23,"code":145783,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ALICE\n",[28,145785,145786],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145787,145788],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145789,145783],{"class":35057},[14,145791,145792],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[72,145794,145796],{"id":145795},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145798,145799,145801],{},[28,145800,128815],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[228,145803,145804,145807,145810,145813],{},[231,145805,145806],{},"Numbers stay the same",[231,145808,145809],{},"Spaces stay the same",[231,145811,145812],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[231,145814,145815],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145817,242],{},[21,145819,145821],{"className":23,"code":145820,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[28,145822,145823,145836],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145824,145825,145827,145829,145831,145834],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145826,35292],{"class":37},[31,145828,89],{"class":88},[31,145830,271],{"class":259},[31,145832,145833],{"class":263},"Room 7, table #3!",[31,145835,3934],{"class":259},[31,145837,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145839,134],{"class":133},[31,145841,137],{"class":41},[31,145843,35313],{"class":140},[31,145845,70],{"class":41},[31,145847,35082],{"class":140},[31,145849,7781],{"class":41},[14,145851,358],{},[21,145853,145855],{"className":23,"code":145854,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[28,145856,145857],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145858,145859,145862,145864,145866,145869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145860,145861],{"class":35057},"ROOM",[31,145863,6578],{"class":95},[31,145865,99],{"class":41},[31,145867,145868],{"class":35057}," TABLE",[31,145870,145871],{"class":157}," #3!\n",[14,145873,145874],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[72,145876,5544,145878],{"id":145877},"when-to-use-upper",[28,145879,128815],{},[14,145881,145882,145884],{},[28,145883,128815],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145886,48948],{},[228,145888,145889,145892,145895],{},[231,145890,145891],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[231,145893,145894],{},"Format labels or headings",[231,145896,145897],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145899,145900],{},"Example: simple comparison",[21,145902,145904],{"className":23,"code":145903,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[28,145905,145906,145918,145922,145944],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145907,145908,145910,145912,145914,145916],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145909,137179],{"class":37},[31,145911,89],{"class":88},[31,145913,271],{"class":259},[31,145915,9248],{"class":263},[31,145917,3934],{"class":259},[31,145919,145920],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,145921,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,145923,145924,145926,145928,145930,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,145925,7584],{"class":4457},[31,145927,137199],{"class":37},[31,145929,70],{"class":41},[31,145931,35082],{"class":140},[31,145933,7953],{"class":41},[31,145935,6993],{"class":88},[31,145937,271],{"class":259},[31,145939,137186],{"class":263},[31,145941,260],{"class":259},[31,145943,6978],{"class":41},[31,145945,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,145947,8657],{"class":133},[31,145949,137],{"class":41},[31,145951,260],{"class":259},[31,145953,144383],{"class":263},[31,145955,260],{"class":259},[31,145957,120],{"class":41},[14,145959,358],{},[21,145961,145962],{"className":23,"code":144392,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,145963,145964],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145965,145966],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145967,144392],{"class":37},[14,145969,145970,145971,2766,145973,2770,145975,70],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[28,145972,9248],{},[28,145974,137972],{},[28,145976,137186],{},[72,145978,3407],{"id":3406},[613,145980,96473],{"id":96472},[14,145982,8705,145983,145986],{},[28,145984,145985],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145988,17241],{},[21,145990,145992],{"className":23,"code":145991,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[28,145993,145994,146006,146016],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,145995,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,145997,35292],{"class":37},[31,145999,89],{"class":88},[31,146001,271],{"class":259},[31,146003,4425],{"class":263},[31,146005,3934],{"class":259},[31,146007,146008,146010,146012,146014],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146009,35313],{"class":37},[31,146011,70],{"class":41},[31,146013,35082],{"class":140},[31,146015,1772],{"class":41},[31,146017,146018,146020,146022,146024],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146019,134],{"class":133},[31,146021,137],{"class":41},[31,146023,35313],{"class":140},[31,146025,120],{"class":41},[14,146027,358],{},[21,146029,146030],{"className":23,"code":139251,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,146031,146032],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146033,146034],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146035,139251],{"class":37},[14,146037,17253],{},[21,146039,146041],{"className":23,"code":146040,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[28,146042,146043,146055,146069],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146044,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146046,35292],{"class":37},[31,146048,89],{"class":88},[31,146050,271],{"class":259},[31,146052,4425],{"class":263},[31,146054,3934],{"class":259},[31,146056,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065,146067],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146058,35292],{"class":37},[31,146060,89],{"class":88},[31,146062,43448],{"class":37},[31,146064,70],{"class":41},[31,146066,35082],{"class":140},[31,146068,1772],{"class":41},[31,146070,146071,146073,146075,146077],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146072,134],{"class":133},[31,146074,137],{"class":41},[31,146076,35313],{"class":140},[31,146078,120],{"class":41},[14,146080,358],{},[21,146082,146084],{"className":23,"code":146083,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"HELLO\n",[28,146085,146086],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146087,146088],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146089,146083],{"class":35057},[613,146091,19506,146093,137858],{"id":146092},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[28,146094,128815],{},[14,146096,146097,146099],{},[28,146098,128815],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,146101,242],{},[21,146103,146105],{"className":23,"code":146104,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[28,146106,146107,146115],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146108,146109,146111,146113],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146110,2794],{"class":37},[31,146112,89],{"class":88},[31,146114,125619],{"class":95},[31,146116,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146118,134],{"class":133},[31,146120,137],{"class":41},[31,146122,2816],{"class":140},[31,146124,70],{"class":41},[31,146126,35082],{"class":140},[31,146128,7781],{"class":41},[14,146130,40259,146131,146133,146134,34205],{},[28,146132,2765],{}," objects do not have an ",[28,146135,128815],{},[14,146137,146138],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[21,146140,146142],{"className":23,"code":146141,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[28,146143,146144,146152],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146145,146146,146148,146150],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146147,2794],{"class":37},[31,146149,89],{"class":88},[31,146151,125619],{"class":95},[31,146153,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166,146168],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146155,134],{"class":133},[31,146157,137],{"class":41},[31,146159,4019],{"class":1561},[31,146161,137],{"class":41},[31,146163,2816],{"class":140},[31,146165,9222],{"class":41},[31,146167,35082],{"class":140},[31,146169,7781],{"class":41},[14,146171,358],{},[21,146173,146175],{"className":23,"code":146174,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"123\n",[28,146176,146177],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146178,146179],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146180,146174],{"class":95},[613,146182,37808,146184,146186],{"id":146183},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[28,146185,128815],{}," with title case",[14,146188,146189,146191,146192,146195],{},[28,146190,128815],{}," makes ",[67,146193,146194],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[21,146197,146199],{"className":23,"code":146198,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[28,146200,146201,146213],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146202,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146204,35292],{"class":37},[31,146206,89],{"class":88},[31,146208,271],{"class":259},[31,146210,61016],{"class":263},[31,146212,3934],{"class":259},[31,146214,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146216,134],{"class":133},[31,146218,137],{"class":41},[31,146220,35313],{"class":140},[31,146222,70],{"class":41},[31,146224,35082],{"class":140},[31,146226,7781],{"class":41},[14,146228,358],{},[21,146230,146232],{"className":23,"code":146231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"HELLO WORLD\n",[28,146233,146234],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146235,146236,146238],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146237,136960],{"class":35057},[31,146239,146240],{"class":35057}," WORLD\n",[14,146242,146243,146244,146248,146249,146253],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[264,146245,146246],{"href":124664},[28,146247,124667],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[264,146250,146251],{"href":130518},[28,146252,125108],{}," changes parts of a string.",[72,146255,146257],{"id":146256},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,146259,146260,146261,48],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[28,146262,128815],{},[228,146264,146265,146272,146279,146286],{},[231,146266,146267,146271],{},[264,146268,146269],{"href":124664},[28,146270,124667],{}," for lowercase text",[231,146273,146274,146278],{},[264,146275,146276],{"href":137506},[28,146277,42259],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[231,146280,146281,146285],{},[264,146282,146283],{"href":130518},[28,146284,125108],{}," for changing parts of a string",[231,146287,146288,4975,146290,146292],{},[28,146289,128305],{},[28,146291,126995],{}," for checks",[14,146294,242],{},[21,146296,146298],{"className":23,"code":146297,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[28,146299,146300,146312,146316,146331,146347,146351],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146301,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146303,35292],{"class":37},[31,146305,89],{"class":88},[31,146307,271],{"class":259},[31,146309,144034],{"class":263},[31,146311,3934],{"class":259},[31,146313,146314],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146315,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,146317,146318,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146319,146320],{"class":37},"cleaned ",[31,146322,89],{"class":88},[31,146324,43448],{"class":37},[31,146326,70],{"class":41},[31,146328,9225],{"class":140},[31,146330,1772],{"class":41},[31,146332,146333,146336,146338,146341,146343,146345],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,146334,146335],{"class":37},"loud ",[31,146337,89],{"class":88},[31,146339,146340],{"class":37}," cleaned",[31,146342,70],{"class":41},[31,146344,35082],{"class":140},[31,146346,1772],{"class":41},[31,146348,146349],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,146350,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,146352,146353,146355,146357,146360],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,146354,134],{"class":133},[31,146356,137],{"class":41},[31,146358,146359],{"class":140},"loud",[31,146361,120],{"class":41},[14,146363,358],{},[21,146365,146366],{"className":23,"code":146231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,146367,146368],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146369,146370,146372],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146371,136960],{"class":35057},[31,146373,146240],{"class":35057},[72,146375,2435],{"id":2434},[613,146377,13299,146379,125264],{"id":146378},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[28,146380,128815],{},[14,146382,146383],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[613,146385,13299,146387,138240],{"id":146386},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[28,146388,128815],{},[14,146390,146391,146392,70],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[28,146393,145985],{},[613,146395,146397],{"id":146396},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,146399,146400,146401,146403],{},"They stay the same. ",[28,146402,128815],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[613,146405,28930,146407,146409],{"id":146406},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[28,146408,128815],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,146411,146412],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,146414,242],{},[21,146416,146418],{"className":23,"code":146417,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[28,146419,146420,146432,146445,146449],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146421,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146423,3130],{"class":37},[31,146425,89],{"class":88},[31,146427,271],{"class":259},[31,146429,25],{"class":263},[31,146431,3934],{"class":259},[31,146433,146434,146436,146438,146440,146443],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146435,3158],{"class":37},[31,146437,89],{"class":88},[31,146439,271],{"class":259},[31,146441,146442],{"class":263},"PYTHON",[31,146444,3934],{"class":259},[31,146446,146447],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146448,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,146450,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,146452,134],{"class":133},[31,146454,137],{"class":41},[31,146456,264],{"class":140},[31,146458,70],{"class":41},[31,146460,35082],{"class":140},[31,146462,7953],{"class":41},[31,146464,6993],{"class":88},[31,146466,3135],{"class":140},[31,146468,70],{"class":41},[31,146470,35082],{"class":140},[31,146472,7781],{"class":41},[14,146474,358],{},[21,146476,146477],{"className":23,"code":4560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,146478,146479],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146480,146481],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146482,4560],{"class":4432},[72,146484,2475],{"id":2474},[228,146486,146487,146491,146497,146503,146509,146513,146517],{},[231,146488,146489],{},[264,146490,125692],{"href":51583},[231,146492,146493],{},[264,146494,126937,146495,11333],{"href":124664},[28,146496,124667],{},[231,146498,146499],{},[264,146500,126937,146501,11333],{"href":137506},[28,146502,42259],{},[231,146504,146505],{},[264,146506,126937,146507,11333],{"href":130518},[28,146508,125108],{},[231,146510,146511],{},[264,146512,91267],{"href":90276},[231,146514,146515],{},[264,146516,125336],{"href":124192},[231,146518,146519],{},[264,146520,138326],{"href":136907},[2499,146522,146523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":146525},[146526,146527,146529,146530,146531,146533,146534,146536,146543,146544,146553],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":145449,"depth":123,"text":146528},"What upper() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":145659,"depth":123,"text":146532},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145795,"depth":123,"text":145796},{"id":145877,"depth":123,"text":146535},"When to use upper()",{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":146537},[146538,146539,146541],{"id":96472,"depth":130,"text":96473},{"id":146092,"depth":130,"text":146540},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146183,"depth":130,"text":146542},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146256,"depth":123,"text":146257},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":146545},[146546,146548,146550,146551],{"id":146378,"depth":130,"text":146547},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146386,"depth":130,"text":146549},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146396,"depth":130,"text":146397},{"id":146406,"depth":130,"text":146552},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145373,"description":146554},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146561,"title":146562,"body":146563,"description":148440,"extension":2542,"meta":148441,"navigation":126,"path":148442,"seo":148443,"stem":148444,"__hash__":148445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146564,"toc":148390},[146565,146571,146578,146584,146586,146642,146647,146652,146657,146660,146679,146682,146684,146708,146726,146737,146739,146742,146795,146797,146805,146807,146825,146830,146833,146890,146892,146901,146904,146924,146927,146933,146938,146940,146983,146985,146993,146996,147037,147039,147048,147054,147060,147087,147089,147097,147102,147106,147118,147161,147163,147171,147176,147182,147187,147191,147193,147236,147239,147286,147288,147297,147304,147308,147311,147357,147362,147366,147368,147411,147414,147422,147424,147429,147431,147433,147452,147455,147467,147469,147488,147490,147498,147502,147504,147555,147558,147633,147635,147643,147646,147650,147652,147699,147702,147773,147775,147783,147789,147791,147866,147870,147949,147951,147959,147965,147971,147976,147981,148030,148034,148105,148108,148113,148124,148127,148138,148148,148150,148155,148180,148185,148266,148268,148293,148295,148300,148303,148309,148318,148324,148327,148333,148339,148346,148349,148351,148387],[10,146566,4152,146568,4156],{"id":146567},"python-sum-function-explained",[28,146569,146570],{},"sum()",[14,146572,9714,146573,146575,146576,25364],{},[28,146574,146570],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[28,146577,60608],{},[14,146579,146580,146581,146583],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[28,146582,45],{}," value and a few important limits.",[72,146585,75],{"id":74},[21,146587,146589],{"className":23,"code":146588,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[28,146590,146591,146615,146630],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146592,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146594,85],{"class":37},[31,146596,89],{"class":88},[31,146598,4200],{"class":41},[31,146600,146],{"class":95},[31,146602,99],{"class":41},[31,146604,3571],{"class":95},[31,146606,99],{"class":41},[31,146608,3027],{"class":95},[31,146610,99],{"class":41},[31,146612,3033],{"class":95},[31,146614,59],{"class":41},[31,146616,146617,146619,146621,146624,146626,146628],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146618,41788],{"class":37},[31,146620,89],{"class":88},[31,146622,146623],{"class":133}," sum",[31,146625,137],{"class":41},[31,146627,141],{"class":140},[31,146629,120],{"class":41},[31,146631,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146633,134],{"class":133},[31,146635,137],{"class":41},[31,146637,41817],{"class":140},[31,146639,4238],{"class":41},[31,146641,27396],{"class":157},[14,146643,2668,146644,146646],{},[28,146645,146570],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[72,146648,4255,146650,4258],{"id":146649},"what-sum-does",[28,146651,146570],{},[14,146653,146654,146656],{},[28,146655,146570],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146658,146659],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[228,146661,146662,146665,146668,146673],{},[231,146663,146664],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[231,146666,146667],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[231,146669,146670,146671],{},"Adding numbers from ",[28,146672,36802],{},[231,146674,146675,146676,146678],{},"Counting ",[28,146677,4181],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146680,146681],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[72,146683,2733],{"id":2732},[21,146685,146687],{"className":23,"code":146686,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[28,146688,146689],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146690,146691,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146692,146693],{"class":133},"sum",[31,146695,137],{"class":41},[31,146697,4299],{"class":140},[31,146699,99],{"class":41},[31,146701,36658],{"class":9767},[31,146703,89],{"class":88},[31,146705,1243],{"class":95},[31,146707,120],{"class":41},[228,146709,146710,146715,146720],{},[231,146711,146712,146714],{},[28,146713,4299],{}," is the group of values to add",[231,146716,146717,146719],{},[28,146718,45],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[231,146721,146722,146723],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[28,146724,146725],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146727,146728,146729,146732,146733,70],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146730,146731,4299],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[264,146734,146735,25217],{"href":36799},[28,146736,36802],{},[72,146738,12068],{"id":12067},[14,146740,146741],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[21,146743,146745],{"className":23,"code":146744,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[28,146746,146747,146767,146781,146785],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146748,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146750,85],{"class":37},[31,146752,89],{"class":88},[31,146754,4200],{"class":41},[31,146756,559],{"class":95},[31,146758,99],{"class":41},[31,146760,1026],{"class":95},[31,146762,99],{"class":41},[31,146764,38541],{"class":95},[31,146766,59],{"class":41},[31,146768,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146770,41788],{"class":37},[31,146772,89],{"class":88},[31,146774,146623],{"class":133},[31,146776,137],{"class":41},[31,146778,141],{"class":140},[31,146780,120],{"class":41},[31,146782,146783],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146784,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,146786,146787,146789,146791,146793],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,146788,134],{"class":133},[31,146790,137],{"class":41},[31,146792,41817],{"class":140},[31,146794,120],{"class":41},[14,146796,358],{},[21,146798,146799],{"className":23,"code":70448,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,146800,146801],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146802,146803],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146804,70448],{"class":95},[14,146806,12277],{},[228,146808,146809,146814,146820],{},[231,146810,146811,146813],{},[28,146812,141],{}," contains three integers",[231,146815,146816,146819],{},[28,146817,146818],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[231,146821,146822,146823],{},"The result is stored in ",[28,146824,41817],{},[72,146826,37217,146828,9023],{"id":146827},"using-the-start-value",[28,146829,45],{},[14,146831,146832],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[21,146834,146836],{"className":23,"code":146835,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[28,146837,146838,146858,146876,146880],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146839,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146841,85],{"class":37},[31,146843,89],{"class":88},[31,146845,4200],{"class":41},[31,146847,146],{"class":95},[31,146849,99],{"class":41},[31,146851,3571],{"class":95},[31,146853,99],{"class":41},[31,146855,3027],{"class":95},[31,146857,59],{"class":41},[31,146859,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146861,41788],{"class":37},[31,146863,89],{"class":88},[31,146865,146623],{"class":133},[31,146867,137],{"class":41},[31,146869,141],{"class":140},[31,146871,99],{"class":41},[31,146873,1026],{"class":95},[31,146875,120],{"class":41},[31,146877,146878],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,146879,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,146881,146882,146884,146886,146888],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,146883,134],{"class":133},[31,146885,137],{"class":41},[31,146887,41817],{"class":140},[31,146889,120],{"class":41},[14,146891,358],{},[21,146893,146895],{"className":23,"code":146894,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"16\n",[28,146896,146897],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146898,146899],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146900,146894],{"class":95},[14,146902,146903],{},"This works like:",[228,146905,146906,146911,146916,146920],{},[231,146907,146908,146909],{},"Start at ",[28,146910,96],{},[231,146912,146913,146914],{},"Add ",[28,146915,146],{},[231,146917,146913,146918],{},[28,146919,193],{},[231,146921,146913,146922],{},[28,146923,173],{},[14,146925,146926],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[72,146928,4255,146930,146932],{"id":146929},"what-sum-can-work-with",[28,146931,146570],{}," can work with",[14,146934,146935,146937],{},[28,146936,146570],{}," works with numeric values.",[613,146939,41030],{"id":41029},[21,146941,146943],{"className":23,"code":146942,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[28,146944,146945,146969],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146946,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146948,4402],{"class":37},[31,146950,89],{"class":88},[31,146952,4200],{"class":41},[31,146954,146],{"class":95},[31,146956,99],{"class":41},[31,146958,3571],{"class":95},[31,146960,99],{"class":41},[31,146962,3027],{"class":95},[31,146964,99],{"class":41},[31,146966,3033],{"class":95},[31,146968,59],{"class":41},[31,146970,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,146972,134],{"class":133},[31,146974,137],{"class":41},[31,146976,146693],{"class":133},[31,146978,137],{"class":41},[31,146980,5942],{"class":140},[31,146982,1569],{"class":41},[14,146984,358],{},[21,146986,146987],{"className":23,"code":2951,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,146988,146989],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,146990,146991],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,146992,2951],{"class":95},[613,146994,146995],{"id":52654},"Floats",[21,146997,146999],{"className":23,"code":146998,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[28,147000,147001,147023],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147002,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147016,147018,147021],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147004,83632],{"class":37},[31,147006,89],{"class":88},[31,147008,4200],{"class":41},[31,147010,41764],{"class":95},[31,147012,99],{"class":41},[31,147014,147015],{"class":95}," 3.75",[31,147017,99],{"class":41},[31,147019,147020],{"class":95}," 1.25",[31,147022,59],{"class":41},[31,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147026,134],{"class":133},[31,147028,137],{"class":41},[31,147030,146693],{"class":133},[31,147032,137],{"class":41},[31,147034,83668],{"class":140},[31,147036,1569],{"class":41},[14,147038,358],{},[21,147040,147042],{"className":23,"code":147041,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"7.5\n",[28,147043,147044],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147045,147046],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147047,147041],{"class":95},[14,147049,147050,147051,70],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[264,147052,147053],{"href":2994},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[613,147055,147057,147058],{"id":147056},"values-from-range","Values from ",[28,147059,36802],{},[21,147061,147063],{"className":23,"code":147062,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[28,147064,147065],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147066,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147068,134],{"class":133},[31,147070,137],{"class":41},[31,147072,146693],{"class":133},[31,147074,137],{"class":41},[31,147076,60608],{"class":133},[31,147078,137],{"class":41},[31,147080,146],{"class":95},[31,147082,99],{"class":41},[31,147084,38248],{"class":95},[31,147086,3490],{"class":41},[14,147088,358],{},[21,147090,147091],{"className":23,"code":47649,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,147092,147093],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147094,147095],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147096,47649],{"class":95},[14,147098,114143,147099,70],{},[28,147100,147101],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[613,147103,147105],{"id":147104},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,147107,147108,147109,147111,147112,4975,147114,147111,147116,70],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[28,147110,4181],{}," acts like ",[28,147113,146],{},[28,147115,4251],{},[28,147117,1243],{},[21,147119,147121],{"className":23,"code":147120,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[28,147122,147123,147147],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147124,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147126,52574],{"class":37},[31,147128,89],{"class":88},[31,147130,4200],{"class":41},[31,147132,4181],{"class":4432},[31,147134,99],{"class":41},[31,147136,4487],{"class":4432},[31,147138,99],{"class":41},[31,147140,4496],{"class":4432},[31,147142,99],{"class":41},[31,147144,4496],{"class":4432},[31,147146,59],{"class":41},[31,147148,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147150,134],{"class":133},[31,147152,137],{"class":41},[31,147154,146693],{"class":133},[31,147156,137],{"class":41},[31,147158,52627],{"class":140},[31,147160,1569],{"class":41},[14,147162,358],{},[21,147164,147165],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,147166,147167],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147168,147169],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147170,47225],{"class":95},[14,147172,147173,147174,70],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[28,147175,4181],{},[72,147177,4255,147179,147181],{"id":147178},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[28,147180,146570],{}," does not work with",[14,147183,147184,147186],{},[28,147185,146570],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[613,147188,147190],{"id":147189},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,147192,3414],{},[21,147194,147196],{"className":23,"code":147195,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[28,147197,147198,147222],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147199,147200,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147201,4651],{"class":37},[31,147203,89],{"class":88},[31,147205,4200],{"class":41},[31,147207,260],{"class":259},[31,147209,4425],{"class":263},[31,147211,260],{"class":259},[31,147213,99],{"class":41},[31,147215,271],{"class":259},[31,147217,61200],{"class":263},[31,147219,260],{"class":259},[31,147221,59],{"class":41},[31,147223,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147225,134],{"class":133},[31,147227,137],{"class":41},[31,147229,146693],{"class":133},[31,147231,137],{"class":41},[31,147233,4695],{"class":140},[31,147235,1569],{"class":41},[14,147237,147238],{},"Use string joining instead:",[21,147240,147242],{"className":23,"code":147241,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[28,147243,147244,147268],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147245,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147247,4651],{"class":37},[31,147249,89],{"class":88},[31,147251,4200],{"class":41},[31,147253,260],{"class":259},[31,147255,4425],{"class":263},[31,147257,260],{"class":259},[31,147259,99],{"class":41},[31,147261,271],{"class":259},[31,147263,61200],{"class":263},[31,147265,260],{"class":259},[31,147267,59],{"class":41},[31,147269,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147271,134],{"class":133},[31,147273,137],{"class":41},[31,147275,6856],{"class":259},[31,147277,70],{"class":41},[31,147279,134095],{"class":140},[31,147281,137],{"class":41},[31,147283,4695],{"class":140},[31,147285,1569],{"class":41},[14,147287,358],{},[21,147289,147291],{"className":23,"code":147290,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"helloworld\n",[28,147292,147293],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147294,147295],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147296,147290],{"class":37},[14,147298,147299,147300,70],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[264,147301,147302,6368],{"href":42781},[28,147303,48292],{},[613,147305,147307],{"id":147306},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,147309,147310],{},"This also causes an error:",[21,147312,147314],{"className":23,"code":147313,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[28,147315,147316,147343],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147317,147318,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147319,147320],{"class":37},"lists ",[31,147322,89],{"class":88},[31,147324,56903],{"class":41},[31,147326,146],{"class":95},[31,147328,99],{"class":41},[31,147330,3571],{"class":95},[31,147332,18661],{"class":41},[31,147334,4200],{"class":41},[31,147336,173],{"class":95},[31,147338,99],{"class":41},[31,147340,3033],{"class":95},[31,147342,53851],{"class":41},[31,147344,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147346,134],{"class":133},[31,147348,137],{"class":41},[31,147350,146693],{"class":133},[31,147352,137],{"class":41},[31,147354,5883],{"class":140},[31,147356,1569],{"class":41},[14,147358,147359,147361],{},[28,147360,146570],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[613,147363,147365],{"id":147364},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,147367,6056],{},[21,147369,147371],{"className":23,"code":147370,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[28,147372,147373,147397],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147374,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147376,4402],{"class":37},[31,147378,89],{"class":88},[31,147380,4200],{"class":41},[31,147382,146],{"class":95},[31,147384,99],{"class":41},[31,147386,3571],{"class":95},[31,147388,99],{"class":41},[31,147390,271],{"class":259},[31,147392,173],{"class":263},[31,147394,260],{"class":259},[31,147396,59],{"class":41},[31,147398,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147400,134],{"class":133},[31,147402,137],{"class":41},[31,147404,146693],{"class":133},[31,147406,137],{"class":41},[31,147408,5942],{"class":140},[31,147410,1569],{"class":41},[14,147412,147413],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,147415,147416,147417,147419,147420,70],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[28,147418,66553],{},", convert them first. See ",[264,147421,3541],{"href":3540},[72,147423,42110],{"id":42109},[14,147425,147426,147427,70],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[28,147428,146570],{},[613,147430,7110],{"id":7109},[14,147432,2102],{},[21,147434,147436],{"className":23,"code":147435,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(sum(5))\n",[28,147437,147438],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147439,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147441,134],{"class":133},[31,147443,137],{"class":41},[31,147445,146693],{"class":133},[31,147447,137],{"class":41},[31,147449,559],{"class":95},[31,147451,1569],{"class":41},[14,147453,147454],{},"Why it fails:",[228,147456,147457,147462],{},[231,147458,147459,147461],{},[28,147460,559],{}," is a single integer",[231,147463,147464,147466],{},[28,147465,146570],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,147468,7140],{},[21,147470,147472],{"className":23,"code":147471,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(sum([5]))\n",[28,147473,147474],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147475,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147477,134],{"class":133},[31,147479,137],{"class":41},[31,147481,146693],{"class":133},[31,147483,3564],{"class":41},[31,147485,559],{"class":95},[31,147487,2399],{"class":41},[14,147489,358],{},[21,147491,147492],{"className":23,"code":3525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,147493,147494],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147495,147496],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147497,3525],{"class":95},[613,147499,147501],{"id":147500},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,147503,2102],{},[21,147505,147507],{"className":23,"code":147506,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[28,147508,147509,147541],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147510,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147512,4402],{"class":37},[31,147514,89],{"class":88},[31,147516,4200],{"class":41},[31,147518,260],{"class":259},[31,147520,146],{"class":263},[31,147522,260],{"class":259},[31,147524,99],{"class":41},[31,147526,271],{"class":259},[31,147528,193],{"class":263},[31,147530,260],{"class":259},[31,147532,99],{"class":41},[31,147534,271],{"class":259},[31,147536,173],{"class":263},[31,147538,260],{"class":259},[31,147540,59],{"class":41},[31,147542,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147544,134],{"class":133},[31,147546,137],{"class":41},[31,147548,146693],{"class":133},[31,147550,137],{"class":41},[31,147552,5942],{"class":140},[31,147554,1569],{"class":41},[14,147556,147557],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[21,147559,147561],{"className":23,"code":147560,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[28,147562,147563,147595,147623],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147564,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147566,4402],{"class":37},[31,147568,89],{"class":88},[31,147570,4200],{"class":41},[31,147572,260],{"class":259},[31,147574,146],{"class":263},[31,147576,260],{"class":259},[31,147578,99],{"class":41},[31,147580,271],{"class":259},[31,147582,193],{"class":263},[31,147584,260],{"class":259},[31,147586,99],{"class":41},[31,147588,271],{"class":259},[31,147590,173],{"class":263},[31,147592,260],{"class":259},[31,147594,59],{"class":41},[31,147596,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147598,41788],{"class":37},[31,147600,89],{"class":88},[31,147602,146623],{"class":133},[31,147604,137],{"class":41},[31,147606,2765],{"class":1561},[31,147608,137],{"class":41},[31,147610,2750],{"class":140},[31,147612,4238],{"class":41},[31,147614,4458],{"class":4457},[31,147616,4461],{"class":140},[31,147618,4464],{"class":4457},[31,147620,4467],{"class":140},[31,147622,120],{"class":41},[31,147624,147625,147627,147629,147631],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,147626,134],{"class":133},[31,147628,137],{"class":41},[31,147630,41817],{"class":140},[31,147632,120],{"class":41},[14,147634,358],{},[21,147636,147637],{"className":23,"code":3231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,147638,147639],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147640,147641],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147642,3231],{"class":95},[14,147644,147645],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[613,147647,147649],{"id":147648},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147651,2102],{},[21,147653,147655],{"className":23,"code":147654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[28,147656,147657,147685],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147658,147659,147661,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147660,4402],{"class":37},[31,147662,89],{"class":88},[31,147664,4200],{"class":41},[31,147666,146],{"class":95},[31,147668,99],{"class":41},[31,147670,3571],{"class":95},[31,147672,99],{"class":41},[31,147674,271],{"class":259},[31,147676,173],{"class":263},[31,147678,260],{"class":259},[31,147680,99],{"class":41},[31,147682,3033],{"class":95},[31,147684,59],{"class":41},[31,147686,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147688,134],{"class":133},[31,147690,137],{"class":41},[31,147692,146693],{"class":133},[31,147694,137],{"class":41},[31,147696,5942],{"class":140},[31,147698,1569],{"class":41},[14,147700,147701],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[21,147703,147705],{"className":23,"code":147704,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[28,147706,147707,147735,147763],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147708,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147710,4402],{"class":37},[31,147712,89],{"class":88},[31,147714,4200],{"class":41},[31,147716,146],{"class":95},[31,147718,99],{"class":41},[31,147720,3571],{"class":95},[31,147722,99],{"class":41},[31,147724,271],{"class":259},[31,147726,173],{"class":263},[31,147728,260],{"class":259},[31,147730,99],{"class":41},[31,147732,3033],{"class":95},[31,147734,59],{"class":41},[31,147736,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147738,41788],{"class":37},[31,147740,89],{"class":88},[31,147742,146623],{"class":133},[31,147744,137],{"class":41},[31,147746,2765],{"class":1561},[31,147748,137],{"class":41},[31,147750,2750],{"class":140},[31,147752,4238],{"class":41},[31,147754,4458],{"class":4457},[31,147756,4461],{"class":140},[31,147758,4464],{"class":4457},[31,147760,4467],{"class":140},[31,147762,120],{"class":41},[31,147764,147765,147767,147769,147771],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,147766,134],{"class":133},[31,147768,137],{"class":41},[31,147770,41817],{"class":140},[31,147772,120],{"class":41},[14,147774,358],{},[21,147776,147777],{"className":23,"code":2951,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,147778,147779],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147780,147781],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147782,2951],{"class":95},[613,147784,9007,147786,147788],{"id":147785},"using-sum-to-join-text",[28,147787,146570],{}," to join text",[14,147790,2102],{},[21,147792,147794],{"className":23,"code":147793,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[28,147795,147796,147852],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147797,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147799,252],{"class":37},[31,147801,89],{"class":88},[31,147803,4200],{"class":41},[31,147805,260],{"class":259},[31,147807,134694],{"class":263},[31,147809,260],{"class":259},[31,147811,99],{"class":41},[31,147813,271],{"class":259},[31,147815,12339],{"class":263},[31,147817,260],{"class":259},[31,147819,99],{"class":41},[31,147821,271],{"class":259},[31,147823,63895],{"class":263},[31,147825,260],{"class":259},[31,147827,99],{"class":41},[31,147829,271],{"class":259},[31,147831,61048],{"class":263},[31,147833,260],{"class":259},[31,147835,99],{"class":41},[31,147837,271],{"class":259},[31,147839,61082],{"class":263},[31,147841,260],{"class":259},[31,147843,99],{"class":41},[31,147845,271],{"class":259},[31,147847,619],{"class":263},[31,147849,260],{"class":259},[31,147851,59],{"class":41},[31,147853,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147855,134],{"class":133},[31,147857,137],{"class":41},[31,147859,146693],{"class":133},[31,147861,137],{"class":41},[31,147863,353],{"class":140},[31,147865,1569],{"class":41},[14,147867,2668,147868,61141],{},[28,147869,134018],{},[21,147871,147873],{"className":23,"code":147872,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[28,147874,147875,147931],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147876,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147878,252],{"class":37},[31,147880,89],{"class":88},[31,147882,4200],{"class":41},[31,147884,260],{"class":259},[31,147886,134694],{"class":263},[31,147888,260],{"class":259},[31,147890,99],{"class":41},[31,147892,271],{"class":259},[31,147894,12339],{"class":263},[31,147896,260],{"class":259},[31,147898,99],{"class":41},[31,147900,271],{"class":259},[31,147902,63895],{"class":263},[31,147904,260],{"class":259},[31,147906,99],{"class":41},[31,147908,271],{"class":259},[31,147910,61048],{"class":263},[31,147912,260],{"class":259},[31,147914,99],{"class":41},[31,147916,271],{"class":259},[31,147918,61082],{"class":263},[31,147920,260],{"class":259},[31,147922,99],{"class":41},[31,147924,271],{"class":259},[31,147926,619],{"class":263},[31,147928,260],{"class":259},[31,147930,59],{"class":41},[31,147932,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,147934,134],{"class":133},[31,147936,137],{"class":41},[31,147938,6856],{"class":259},[31,147940,70],{"class":41},[31,147942,134095],{"class":140},[31,147944,137],{"class":41},[31,147946,353],{"class":140},[31,147948,1569],{"class":41},[14,147950,358],{},[21,147952,147953],{"className":23,"code":134775,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,147954,147955],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147956,147957],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147958,134775],{"class":37},[14,147960,147961,147962,70],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[264,147963,147964],{"href":135856},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[72,147966,147968,147970],{"id":147967},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[28,147969,146570],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147972,147973,147975],{},[28,147974,146570],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[613,147977,9007,147979],{"id":147978},"using-sum",[28,147980,146570],{},[21,147982,147984],{"className":23,"code":147983,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[28,147985,147986,148006,148020],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,147987,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,147989,85],{"class":37},[31,147991,89],{"class":88},[31,147993,4200],{"class":41},[31,147995,151],{"class":95},[31,147997,99],{"class":41},[31,147999,6578],{"class":95},[31,148001,99],{"class":41},[31,148003,54745],{"class":95},[31,148005,59],{"class":41},[31,148007,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148009,41788],{"class":37},[31,148011,89],{"class":88},[31,148013,146623],{"class":133},[31,148015,137],{"class":41},[31,148017,141],{"class":140},[31,148019,120],{"class":41},[31,148021,148022,148024,148026,148028],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148023,134],{"class":133},[31,148025,137],{"class":41},[31,148027,41817],{"class":140},[31,148029,120],{"class":41},[613,148031,148033],{"id":148032},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[21,148035,148037],{"className":23,"code":148036,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[28,148038,148039,148059,148067,148071,148083,148091,148095],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148040,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148042,85],{"class":37},[31,148044,89],{"class":88},[31,148046,4200],{"class":41},[31,148048,151],{"class":95},[31,148050,99],{"class":41},[31,148052,6578],{"class":95},[31,148054,99],{"class":41},[31,148056,54745],{"class":95},[31,148058,59],{"class":41},[31,148060,148061,148063,148065],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148062,41788],{"class":37},[31,148064,89],{"class":88},[31,148066,39118],{"class":95},[31,148068,148069],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148070,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,148072,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,148074,6543],{"class":4457},[31,148076,6971],{"class":37},[31,148078,4464],{"class":4457},[31,148080,1527],{"class":37},[31,148082,6978],{"class":41},[31,148084,148085,148087,148089],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,148086,90691],{"class":37},[31,148088,90694],{"class":88},[31,148090,90697],{"class":37},[31,148092,148093],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,148094,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,148096,148097,148099,148101,148103],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,148098,134],{"class":133},[31,148100,137],{"class":41},[31,148102,41817],{"class":140},[31,148104,120],{"class":41},[14,148106,148107],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,148109,3065,148110,148112],{},[28,148111,146570],{}," is often better:",[228,148114,148115,148118,148121],{},[231,148116,148117],{},"Shorter code",[231,148119,148120],{},"Easier to read",[231,148122,148123],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,148125,148126],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[228,148128,148129,148132,148135],{},[231,148130,148131],{},"You need to skip some values",[231,148133,148134],{},"You need extra checks",[231,148136,148137],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,148139,148140,148141,148144,148145,148147],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[264,148142,148143],{"href":40613},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[28,148146,146570],{}," on the filtered result.",[72,148149,3407],{"id":3406},[14,148151,148152,148153,48],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[28,148154,146570],{},[228,148156,148157,148163,148170,148177],{},[231,148158,148159,148160],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[28,148161,148162],{},"sum(5)",[231,148164,148165,148166,148169],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[28,148167,148168],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[231,148171,9007,148172,148174,148175],{},[28,148173,146570],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[28,148176,134018],{},[231,148178,148179],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,148181,9466,148182,148184],{},[28,148183,146570],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[21,148186,148188],{"className":23,"code":148187,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[28,148189,148190,148200,148214,148238],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148191,148192,148194,148196,148198],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148193,134],{"class":133},[31,148195,137],{"class":41},[31,148197,5942],{"class":140},[31,148199,120],{"class":41},[31,148201,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148203,134],{"class":133},[31,148205,137],{"class":41},[31,148207,1562],{"class":1561},[31,148209,137],{"class":41},[31,148211,5942],{"class":140},[31,148213,1569],{"class":41},[31,148215,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148217,134],{"class":133},[31,148219,3564],{"class":41},[31,148221,1562],{"class":1561},[31,148223,137],{"class":41},[31,148225,2750],{"class":140},[31,148227,4238],{"class":41},[31,148229,4458],{"class":4457},[31,148231,4461],{"class":140},[31,148233,4464],{"class":4457},[31,148235,4467],{"class":140},[31,148237,566],{"class":41},[31,148239,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,148241,134],{"class":133},[31,148243,137],{"class":41},[31,148245,146693],{"class":133},[31,148247,3564],{"class":41},[31,148249,2765],{"class":1561},[31,148251,137],{"class":41},[31,148253,2750],{"class":140},[31,148255,4238],{"class":41},[31,148257,4458],{"class":4457},[31,148259,4461],{"class":140},[31,148261,4464],{"class":4457},[31,148263,4467],{"class":140},[31,148265,2399],{"class":41},[14,148267,136589],{},[228,148269,148270,148276,148282,148287],{},[231,148271,148272,148275],{},[28,148273,148274],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[231,148277,148278,148281],{},[28,148279,148280],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[231,148283,148284,136611],{},[28,148285,148286],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[231,148288,148289,148292],{},[28,148290,148291],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[72,148294,2435],{"id":2434},[613,148296,2453,148298,5727],{"id":148297},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[28,148299,146570],{},[14,148301,148302],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[613,148304,5752,148306,148308],{"id":148305},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[28,148307,146570],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,148310,30873,148311,3456,148314,148317],{},[28,148312,148313],{},"''.join(...)",[28,148315,148316],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[613,148319,5752,148321,148323],{"id":148320},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[28,148322,146570],{}," work with floats?",[14,148325,148326],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[613,148328,148330,148331,2466],{"id":148329},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[28,148332,146570],{},[14,148334,148335,148336,148338],{},"It is the optional ",[28,148337,45],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[613,148340,5740,148342,119975,148344,2466],{"id":148341},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[28,148343,146570],{},[28,148345,3583],{},[14,148347,148348],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[72,148350,2475],{"id":2474},[228,148352,148353,148357,148363,148369,148375,148379,148383],{},[231,148354,148355],{},[264,148356,147053],{"href":2994},[231,148358,148359],{},[264,148360,4152,148361,4085],{"href":36799},[28,148362,36802],{},[231,148364,148365],{},[264,148366,4152,148367,4085],{"href":42964},[28,148368,42967],{},[231,148370,148371],{},[264,148372,4152,148373,4085],{"href":42781},[28,148374,48292],{},[231,148376,148377],{},[264,148378,5804],{"href":40613},[231,148380,148381],{},[264,148382,4102],{"href":3540},[231,148384,148385],{},[264,148386,147964],{"href":135856},[2499,148388,148389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":148391},[148392,148393,148395,148396,148397,148399,148407,148413,148420,148426,148427,148439],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":146649,"depth":123,"text":148394},"What sum() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":146827,"depth":123,"text":148398},"Using the start value",{"id":146929,"depth":123,"text":148400,"children":148401},"What sum() can work with",[148402,148403,148404,148406],{"id":41029,"depth":130,"text":41030},{"id":52654,"depth":130,"text":146995},{"id":147056,"depth":130,"text":148405},"Values from range()",{"id":147104,"depth":130,"text":147105},{"id":147178,"depth":123,"text":148408,"children":148409},"What sum() does not work with",[148410,148411,148412],{"id":147189,"depth":130,"text":147190},{"id":147306,"depth":130,"text":147307},{"id":147364,"depth":130,"text":147365},{"id":42109,"depth":123,"text":42110,"children":148414},[148415,148416,148417,148418],{"id":7109,"depth":130,"text":7110},{"id":147500,"depth":130,"text":147501},{"id":147648,"depth":130,"text":147649},{"id":147785,"depth":130,"text":148419},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147967,"depth":123,"text":148421,"children":148422},"sum() vs manual loop",[148423,148425],{"id":147978,"depth":130,"text":148424},"Using sum()",{"id":148032,"depth":130,"text":148033},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":148428},[148429,148431,148433,148435,148437],{"id":148297,"depth":130,"text":148430},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148305,"depth":130,"text":148432},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148320,"depth":130,"text":148434},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148329,"depth":130,"text":148436},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148341,"depth":130,"text":148438},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146562,"description":148440},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148447,"title":148448,"body":148449,"description":149849,"extension":2542,"meta":149850,"navigation":126,"path":149851,"seo":149852,"stem":149853,"__hash__":149854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148450,"toc":149817},[148451,148457,148463,148466,148529,148535,148540,148544,148561,148574,148578,148597,148611,148613,148706,148708,148722,148724,148727,148816,148818,148826,148835,148837,148841,148862,148864,148956,148958,148979,148981,148985,148999,149001,149075,149077,149096,149100,149103,149126,149128,149239,149246,149254,149256,149262,149265,149308,149311,149334,149342,149346,149421,149427,149452,149459,149462,149465,149469,149474,149562,149570,149574,149577,149602,149606,149667,149671,149720,149730,149732,149737,149740,149746,149749,149753,149757,149763,149766,149774,149782,149784,149814],[10,148452,148454,148455,11914],{"id":148453},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[28,148456,57899],{},[14,148458,148459,148462],{},[28,148460,148461],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,148464,148465],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[21,148467,148469],{"className":23,"code":148468,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[28,148470,148471,148499,148517],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148472,148473,148475,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148474,85],{"class":37},[31,148476,89],{"class":88},[31,148478,92],{"class":41},[31,148480,146],{"class":95},[31,148482,99],{"class":41},[31,148484,3571],{"class":95},[31,148486,99],{"class":41},[31,148488,3571],{"class":95},[31,148490,99],{"class":41},[31,148492,3027],{"class":95},[31,148494,99],{"class":41},[31,148496,3571],{"class":95},[31,148498,120],{"class":41},[31,148500,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148502,1522],{"class":37},[31,148504,89],{"class":88},[31,148506,1527],{"class":37},[31,148508,70],{"class":41},[31,148510,41865],{"class":140},[31,148512,137],{"class":41},[31,148514,193],{"class":95},[31,148516,120],{"class":41},[31,148518,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148520,134],{"class":133},[31,148522,137],{"class":41},[31,148524,1550],{"class":140},[31,148526,4238],{"class":41},[31,148528,51379],{"class":157},[14,148530,2668,148531,148534],{},[28,148532,148533],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[72,148536,4255,148538,4258],{"id":148537},"what-tuplecount-does",[28,148539,148461],{},[14,148541,148542,48],{},[28,148543,148533],{},[228,148545,148546,148552,148555,148558],{},[231,148547,148548,148549,148551],{},"Returns the number of times ",[28,148550,3049],{}," appears in the tuple",[231,148553,148554],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[231,148556,148557],{},"Returns an integer",[231,148559,148560],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148562,148563,148564,148566,148567,3456,148570,70],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[28,148565,57899],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[264,148568,444],{"href":148569},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F",[264,148571,148573],{"href":148572},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[72,148575,148577],{"id":148576},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[21,148579,148581],{"className":23,"code":148580,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[28,148582,148583],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148584,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148586,461],{"class":37},[31,148588,70],{"class":41},[31,148590,41865],{"class":140},[31,148592,137],{"class":41},[31,148594,3049],{"class":140},[31,148596,120],{"class":41},[228,148598,148599,148603,148606],{},[231,148600,148601,58064],{},[28,148602,3049],{},[231,148604,148605],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[231,148607,148608,148609],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[28,148610,1243],{},[613,148612,103692],{"id":103691},[21,148614,148616],{"className":23,"code":148615,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[28,148617,148618,148658,148682],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148621,13672],{"class":37},[31,148623,89],{"class":88},[31,148625,92],{"class":41},[31,148627,260],{"class":259},[31,148629,13689],{"class":263},[31,148631,260],{"class":259},[31,148633,99],{"class":41},[31,148635,271],{"class":259},[31,148637,13706],{"class":263},[31,148639,260],{"class":259},[31,148641,99],{"class":41},[31,148643,271],{"class":259},[31,148645,13689],{"class":263},[31,148647,260],{"class":259},[31,148649,99],{"class":41},[31,148651,271],{"class":259},[31,148653,18054],{"class":263},[31,148655,260],{"class":259},[31,148657,120],{"class":41},[31,148659,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148661,134],{"class":133},[31,148663,137],{"class":41},[31,148665,18101],{"class":140},[31,148667,70],{"class":41},[31,148669,41865],{"class":140},[31,148671,137],{"class":41},[31,148673,260],{"class":259},[31,148675,13689],{"class":263},[31,148677,260],{"class":259},[31,148679,5945],{"class":41},[31,148681,58254],{"class":157},[31,148683,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148685,134],{"class":133},[31,148687,137],{"class":41},[31,148689,18101],{"class":140},[31,148691,70],{"class":41},[31,148693,41865],{"class":140},[31,148695,137],{"class":41},[31,148697,260],{"class":259},[31,148699,23123],{"class":263},[31,148701,260],{"class":259},[31,148703,5945],{"class":41},[31,148705,51855],{"class":157},[14,148707,20556],{},[228,148709,148710,148715],{},[231,148711,148712,148714],{},[28,148713,66000],{}," appears 2 times",[231,148716,148717,148719,148720],{},[28,148718,110388],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[28,148721,1243],{},[72,148723,12068],{"id":12067},[14,148725,148726],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[21,148728,148730],{"className":23,"code":148729,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[28,148731,148732,148780,148784,148806],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148733,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148735,36843],{"class":37},[31,148737,89],{"class":88},[31,148739,92],{"class":41},[31,148741,260],{"class":259},[31,148743,4660],{"class":263},[31,148745,260],{"class":259},[31,148747,99],{"class":41},[31,148749,271],{"class":259},[31,148751,4669],{"class":263},[31,148753,260],{"class":259},[31,148755,99],{"class":41},[31,148757,271],{"class":259},[31,148759,4660],{"class":263},[31,148761,260],{"class":259},[31,148763,99],{"class":41},[31,148765,271],{"class":259},[31,148767,33825],{"class":263},[31,148769,260],{"class":259},[31,148771,99],{"class":41},[31,148773,271],{"class":259},[31,148775,4660],{"class":263},[31,148777,260],{"class":259},[31,148779,120],{"class":41},[31,148781,148782],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148783,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,148785,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148787,1522],{"class":37},[31,148789,89],{"class":88},[31,148791,53460],{"class":37},[31,148793,70],{"class":41},[31,148795,41865],{"class":140},[31,148797,137],{"class":41},[31,148799,260],{"class":259},[31,148801,4660],{"class":263},[31,148803,260],{"class":259},[31,148805,120],{"class":41},[31,148807,148808,148810,148812,148814],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,148809,134],{"class":133},[31,148811,137],{"class":41},[31,148813,1550],{"class":140},[31,148815,120],{"class":41},[14,148817,358],{},[21,148819,148820],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,148821,148822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148823,148824],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148825,47225],{"class":95},[14,148827,148828,148830,148831,2972,148833,70],{},[28,148829,58442],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[28,148832,57899],{},[28,148834,173],{},[72,148836,38625],{"id":38624},[14,148838,58153,148839,129325],{},[28,148840,57899],{},[228,148842,148843,148848,148853,148856],{},[231,148844,12016,148845,148847],{},[28,148846,1243],{}," when the value does not exist",[231,148849,12016,148850,148852],{},[28,148851,146],{}," when the value appears once",[231,148854,148855],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[231,148857,148858,148859,148861],{},"The result can be used in ",[28,148860,7584],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148863,242],{},[21,148865,148867],{"className":23,"code":148866,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[28,148868,148869,148910,148914,148941],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148870,148871,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148872,148873],{"class":37},"answers ",[31,148875,89],{"class":88},[31,148877,92],{"class":41},[31,148879,260],{"class":259},[31,148881,9248],{"class":263},[31,148883,260],{"class":259},[31,148885,99],{"class":41},[31,148887,271],{"class":259},[31,148889,9188],{"class":263},[31,148891,260],{"class":259},[31,148893,99],{"class":41},[31,148895,271],{"class":259},[31,148897,9248],{"class":263},[31,148899,260],{"class":259},[31,148901,99],{"class":41},[31,148903,271],{"class":259},[31,148905,9248],{"class":263},[31,148907,260],{"class":259},[31,148909,120],{"class":41},[31,148911,148912],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,148913,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,148915,148916,148918,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,148917,7584],{"class":4457},[31,148919,148920],{"class":37}," answers",[31,148922,70],{"class":41},[31,148924,41865],{"class":140},[31,148926,137],{"class":41},[31,148928,260],{"class":259},[31,148930,9248],{"class":263},[31,148932,260],{"class":259},[31,148934,4238],{"class":41},[31,148936,39001],{"class":88},[31,148938,6082],{"class":95},[31,148940,6978],{"class":41},[31,148942,148943,148945,148947,148949,148952,148954],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,148944,8657],{"class":133},[31,148946,137],{"class":41},[31,148948,260],{"class":259},[31,148950,148951],{"class":263},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[31,148953,260],{"class":259},[31,148955,120],{"class":41},[14,148957,358],{},[21,148959,148961],{"className":23,"code":148960,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[28,148962,148963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,148964,148965,148968,148970,148972,148974,148977],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,148966,148967],{"class":37},"The answer ",[31,148969,370],{"class":259},[31,148971,9248],{"class":263},[31,148973,370],{"class":259},[31,148975,148976],{"class":37}," appears more than once",[31,148978,122969],{"class":41},[72,148980,41651],{"id":41650},[14,148982,36011,148983,105155],{},[28,148984,148461],{},[228,148986,148987,148990,148993,148996],{},[231,148988,148989],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[231,148991,148992],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[231,148994,148995],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[231,148997,148998],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,149000,242],{},[21,149002,149004],{"className":23,"code":149003,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[28,149005,149006,149034,149038,149060],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149007,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149009,5647],{"class":37},[31,149011,89],{"class":88},[31,149013,92],{"class":41},[31,149015,96],{"class":95},[31,149017,99],{"class":41},[31,149019,102],{"class":95},[31,149021,99],{"class":41},[31,149023,1026],{"class":95},[31,149025,99],{"class":41},[31,149027,107],{"class":95},[31,149029,99],{"class":41},[31,149031,1026],{"class":95},[31,149033,120],{"class":41},[31,149035,149036],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149037,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,149039,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,149041,7584],{"class":4457},[31,149043,5693],{"class":37},[31,149045,70],{"class":41},[31,149047,41865],{"class":140},[31,149049,137],{"class":41},[31,149051,96],{"class":95},[31,149053,4238],{"class":41},[31,149055,51896],{"class":88},[31,149057,3571],{"class":95},[31,149059,6978],{"class":41},[31,149061,149062,149064,149066,149068,149071,149073],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,149063,8657],{"class":133},[31,149065,137],{"class":41},[31,149067,260],{"class":259},[31,149069,149070],{"class":263},"The score 10 is repeated.",[31,149072,260],{"class":259},[31,149074,120],{"class":41},[14,149076,358],{},[21,149078,149080],{"className":23,"code":149079,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[28,149081,149082],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149083,149084,149087,149089,149091,149094],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149085,149086],{"class":37},"The score ",[31,149088,96],{"class":95},[31,149090,8685],{"class":88},[31,149092,149093],{"class":37}," repeated",[31,149095,122969],{"class":41},[72,149097,149099],{"id":149098},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,149101,149102],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[228,149104,149105,149111,149116,149119],{},[231,149106,149107,149108,149110],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[28,149109,57899],{}," still works because it only reads data",[231,149112,149113,149115],{},[28,149114,57899],{}," counts exact matches",[231,149117,149118],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[231,149120,149121,4975,149123,149125],{},[28,149122,146],{},[28,149124,42764],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,149127,242],{},[21,149129,149131],{"className":23,"code":149130,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[28,149132,149133,149167,149171,149191,149215],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149134,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149148,149150,149152,149155,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149136,4402],{"class":37},[31,149138,89],{"class":88},[31,149140,92],{"class":41},[31,149142,146],{"class":95},[31,149144,99],{"class":41},[31,149146,149147],{"class":95}," 1.0",[31,149149,99],{"class":41},[31,149151,271],{"class":259},[31,149153,149154],{"class":263},"Cat",[31,149156,260],{"class":259},[31,149158,99],{"class":41},[31,149160,271],{"class":259},[31,149162,37651],{"class":263},[31,149164,260],{"class":259},[31,149166,120],{"class":41},[31,149168,149169],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149170,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,149172,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,149174,134],{"class":133},[31,149176,137],{"class":41},[31,149178,5942],{"class":140},[31,149180,70],{"class":41},[31,149182,41865],{"class":140},[31,149184,137],{"class":41},[31,149186,146],{"class":95},[31,149188,5945],{"class":41},[31,149190,51702],{"class":157},[31,149192,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,149194,134],{"class":133},[31,149196,137],{"class":41},[31,149198,5942],{"class":140},[31,149200,70],{"class":41},[31,149202,41865],{"class":140},[31,149204,137],{"class":41},[31,149206,260],{"class":259},[31,149208,149154],{"class":263},[31,149210,260],{"class":259},[31,149212,5945],{"class":41},[31,149214,28381],{"class":157},[31,149216,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,149218,134],{"class":133},[31,149220,137],{"class":41},[31,149222,5942],{"class":140},[31,149224,70],{"class":41},[31,149226,41865],{"class":140},[31,149228,137],{"class":41},[31,149230,260],{"class":259},[31,149232,37651],{"class":263},[31,149234,260],{"class":259},[31,149236,5945],{"class":41},[31,149238,28381],{"class":157},[14,149240,5740,149241,5743,149244,2466],{},[28,149242,149243],{},"values.count(1)",[28,149245,193],{},[14,149247,9376,149248,5366,149251,149253],{},[28,149249,149250],{},"1 == 1.0",[28,149252,4181],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[72,149255,3407],{"id":3406},[613,149257,9007,149259,149261],{"id":149258},"using-count-without-parentheses",[28,149260,41865],{}," without parentheses",[14,149263,149264],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[21,149266,149268],{"className":23,"code":149267,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[28,149269,149270,149294],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149271,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149273,85],{"class":37},[31,149275,89],{"class":88},[31,149277,92],{"class":41},[31,149279,146],{"class":95},[31,149281,99],{"class":41},[31,149283,3571],{"class":95},[31,149285,99],{"class":41},[31,149287,3571],{"class":95},[31,149289,99],{"class":41},[31,149291,3027],{"class":95},[31,149293,120],{"class":41},[31,149295,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149297,134],{"class":133},[31,149299,137],{"class":41},[31,149301,141],{"class":140},[31,149303,70],{"class":41},[31,149305,41865],{"class":25350},[31,149307,120],{"class":41},[14,149309,149310],{},"To call the method correctly:",[21,149312,149314],{"className":23,"code":149313,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[28,149315,149316],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149317,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149319,134],{"class":133},[31,149321,137],{"class":41},[31,149323,141],{"class":140},[31,149325,70],{"class":41},[31,149327,41865],{"class":140},[31,149329,137],{"class":41},[31,149331,193],{"class":95},[31,149333,1569],{"class":41},[613,149335,9043,149336,9046,149338,3456,149340],{"id":59202},[28,149337,57899],{},[28,149339,4181],{},[28,149341,4251],{},[14,149343,149344,59213],{},[28,149345,57899],{},[21,149347,149349],{"className":23,"code":149348,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[28,149350,149351,149383,149405,149409],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149352,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149354,252],{"class":37},[31,149356,89],{"class":88},[31,149358,92],{"class":41},[31,149360,260],{"class":259},[31,149362,264],{"class":263},[31,149364,260],{"class":259},[31,149366,99],{"class":41},[31,149368,271],{"class":259},[31,149370,274],{"class":263},[31,149372,260],{"class":259},[31,149374,99],{"class":41},[31,149376,271],{"class":259},[31,149378,264],{"class":263},[31,149380,260],{"class":259},[31,149382,120],{"class":41},[31,149384,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149386,1522],{"class":37},[31,149388,89],{"class":88},[31,149390,319],{"class":37},[31,149392,70],{"class":41},[31,149394,41865],{"class":140},[31,149396,137],{"class":41},[31,149398,260],{"class":259},[31,149400,264],{"class":263},[31,149402,260],{"class":259},[31,149404,120],{"class":41},[31,149406,149407],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,149408,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,149410,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,149412,134],{"class":133},[31,149414,137],{"class":41},[31,149416,1550],{"class":140},[31,149418,4238],{"class":41},[31,149420,52023],{"class":157},[14,149422,149423,149424,149426],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[28,149425,4464],{}," is often simpler:",[21,149428,149430],{"className":23,"code":149429,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[28,149431,149432],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149433,149434,149436,149438,149440,149442,149444,149446,149448,149450],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149435,134],{"class":133},[31,149437,137],{"class":41},[31,149439,260],{"class":259},[31,149441,264],{"class":263},[31,149443,260],{"class":259},[31,149445,21772],{"class":4457},[31,149447,319],{"class":140},[31,149449,4238],{"class":41},[31,149451,4241],{"class":157},[613,149453,37808,149455,9295,149457],{"id":149454},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[28,149456,148461],{},[28,149458,57904],{},[14,149460,149461],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,149463,149464],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[613,149466,149468],{"id":149467},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,149470,149471,149473],{},[28,149472,57899],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[21,149475,149477],{"className":23,"code":149476,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[28,149478,149479,149512,149538],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149480,149481,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493,149495,149497,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149482,4651],{"class":37},[31,149484,89],{"class":88},[31,149486,92],{"class":41},[31,149488,260],{"class":259},[31,149490,4660],{"class":263},[31,149492,260],{"class":259},[31,149494,99],{"class":41},[31,149496,271],{"class":259},[31,149498,149499],{"class":263},"pineapple",[31,149501,260],{"class":259},[31,149503,99],{"class":41},[31,149505,271],{"class":259},[31,149507,4660],{"class":263},[31,149509,260],{"class":259},[31,149511,120],{"class":41},[31,149513,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149531,149533,149535],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149515,134],{"class":133},[31,149517,137],{"class":41},[31,149519,4695],{"class":140},[31,149521,70],{"class":41},[31,149523,41865],{"class":140},[31,149525,137],{"class":41},[31,149527,260],{"class":259},[31,149529,149530],{"class":263},"app",[31,149532,260],{"class":259},[31,149534,5945],{"class":41},[31,149536,149537],{"class":157},"    # 0\n",[31,149539,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,149541,134],{"class":133},[31,149543,137],{"class":41},[31,149545,4695],{"class":140},[31,149547,70],{"class":41},[31,149549,41865],{"class":140},[31,149551,137],{"class":41},[31,149553,260],{"class":259},[31,149555,4660],{"class":263},[31,149557,260],{"class":259},[31,149559,5945],{"class":41},[31,149561,52023],{"class":157},[14,149563,149564,149567,149568,70],{},[28,149565,149566],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[28,149569,1243],{},[72,149571,149573],{"id":149572},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149575,149576],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[228,149578,149579,149584,149593,149599],{},[231,149580,2668,149581,149583],{},[28,149582,4464],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[231,149585,2668,149586,149592],{},[264,149587,149589,149590],{"href":149588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[28,149591,59577],{}," to find the position of a value",[231,149594,2668,149595,149598],{},[28,149596,149597],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[231,149600,149601],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149603,46648,149604,48],{},[28,149605,4464],{},[21,149607,149609],{"className":23,"code":149608,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[28,149610,149611,149631,149635,149651],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149612,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627,149629],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149614,85],{"class":37},[31,149616,89],{"class":88},[31,149618,92],{"class":41},[31,149620,151],{"class":95},[31,149622,99],{"class":41},[31,149624,6578],{"class":95},[31,149626,99],{"class":41},[31,149628,54745],{"class":95},[31,149630,120],{"class":41},[31,149632,149633],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149634,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,149636,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,149638,134],{"class":133},[31,149640,137],{"class":41},[31,149642,2602],{"class":95},[31,149644,21772],{"class":4457},[31,149646,1527],{"class":140},[31,149648,4238],{"class":41},[31,149650,44462],{"class":157},[31,149652,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,149654,134],{"class":133},[31,149656,137],{"class":41},[31,149658,559],{"class":95},[31,149660,21772],{"class":4457},[31,149662,1527],{"class":140},[31,149664,4238],{"class":41},[31,149666,44479],{"class":157},[14,149668,46648,149669,48],{},[28,149670,59577],{},[21,149672,149674],{"className":23,"code":149673,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[28,149675,149676,149700],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149677,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694,149696,149698],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149679,85],{"class":37},[31,149681,89],{"class":88},[31,149683,92],{"class":41},[31,149685,151],{"class":95},[31,149687,99],{"class":41},[31,149689,6578],{"class":95},[31,149691,99],{"class":41},[31,149693,54745],{"class":95},[31,149695,99],{"class":41},[31,149697,6578],{"class":95},[31,149699,120],{"class":41},[31,149701,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149703,134],{"class":133},[31,149705,137],{"class":41},[31,149707,141],{"class":140},[31,149709,70],{"class":41},[31,149711,36452],{"class":140},[31,149713,137],{"class":41},[31,149715,2602],{"class":95},[31,149717,5945],{"class":41},[31,149719,28381],{"class":157},[14,149721,149722,149724,149725,149727,149729],{},[28,149723,57899],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10437,149726],{},[28,149728,59577],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[72,149731,2435],{"id":2434},[613,149733,2453,149735,5727],{"id":149734},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[28,149736,148461],{},[14,149738,149739],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[613,149741,13299,149743,149745],{"id":149742},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[28,149744,148461],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149747,149748],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[613,149750,149752],{"id":149751},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149754,12505,149755,70],{},[28,149756,1243],{},[613,149758,5752,149760,149762],{"id":149759},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[28,149761,148461],{}," count strings?",[14,149764,149765],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[613,149767,5762,149769,4975,149771,2466],{"id":149768},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[28,149770,148461],{},[28,149772,149773],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149775,149776,149778,149779,149781],{},[28,149777,57899],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[28,149780,59577],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[72,149783,2475],{"id":2474},[228,149785,149786,149790,149795,149802,149810],{},[231,149787,149788],{},[264,149789,444],{"href":148569},[231,149791,149792],{},[264,149793,149794],{"href":148572},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[231,149796,149797],{},[264,149798,149799,149800,11333],{"href":149588},"Python tuple ",[28,149801,59577],{},[231,149803,149804],{},[264,149805,149807,149808],{"href":149806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[28,149809,42967],{},[231,149811,149812],{},[264,149813,59565],{"href":59564},[2499,149815,149816],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":149818},[149819,149821,149824,149825,149826,149827,149828,149836,149837,149848],{"id":148537,"depth":123,"text":149820},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148576,"depth":123,"text":148577,"children":149822},[149823],{"id":103691,"depth":130,"text":103692},{"id":12067,"depth":123,"text":12068},{"id":38624,"depth":123,"text":38625},{"id":41650,"depth":123,"text":41651},{"id":149098,"depth":123,"text":149099},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":149829},[149830,149832,149833,149835],{"id":149258,"depth":130,"text":149831},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59202,"depth":130,"text":59618},{"id":149454,"depth":130,"text":149834},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149467,"depth":130,"text":149468},{"id":149572,"depth":123,"text":149573},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":149838},[149839,149841,149843,149844,149846],{"id":149734,"depth":130,"text":149840},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149742,"depth":130,"text":149842},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149751,"depth":130,"text":149752},{"id":149759,"depth":130,"text":149845},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149768,"depth":130,"text":149847},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148448,"description":149849},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149856,"title":149857,"body":149858,"description":151542,"extension":2542,"meta":151543,"navigation":126,"path":1784,"seo":151544,"stem":151545,"__hash__":151546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149859,"toc":151505},[149860,149863,149866,149875,149877,150006,150008,150069,150075,150077,150097,150101,150104,150107,150142,150144,150165,150168,150207,150209,150234,150240,150244,150247,150284,150286,150309,150312,150315,150327,150333,150337,150340,150346,150387,150389,150412,150415,150456,150458,150485,150487,150504,150506,150523,150526,150530,150533,150535,150569,150571,150618,150622,150661,150665,150668,150725,150727,150768,150774,150780,150785,150787,150824,150826,150846,150848,150881,150883,150916,150919,150923,150956,150958,150983,150986,150988,151002,151009,151011,151014,151018,151021,151056,151059,151094,151098,151101,151140,151143,151182,151186,151188,151218,151221,151228,151230,151262,151265,151297,151300,151331,151333,151350,151354,151357,151421,151423,151427,151434,151438,151441,151445,151448,151452,151455,151460,151466,151468,151502],[10,149861,149857],{"id":149862},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149864,149865],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149867,149868,149869,3456,149873,70],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[264,149870,149872],{"href":149871},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[264,149874,444],{"href":148569},[72,149876,75],{"id":74},[21,149878,149880],{"className":23,"code":149879,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[28,149881,149882,149902,149911,149924,149960,149964,149974,149984,149995],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,149883,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,149885,85],{"class":37},[31,149887,89],{"class":88},[31,149889,92],{"class":41},[31,149891,146],{"class":95},[31,149893,99],{"class":41},[31,149895,3571],{"class":95},[31,149897,99],{"class":41},[31,149899,3027],{"class":95},[31,149901,120],{"class":41},[31,149903,149904,149906,149908],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,149905,125435],{"class":37},[31,149907,89],{"class":88},[31,149909,149910],{"class":41}," ()\n",[31,149912,149913,149916,149918,149920,149922],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,149914,149915],{"class":37},"one_item ",[31,149917,89],{"class":88},[31,149919,92],{"class":41},[31,149921,559],{"class":95},[31,149923,1701],{"class":41},[31,149925,149926,149929,149931,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,149927,149928],{"class":37},"from_list ",[31,149930,89],{"class":88},[31,149932,149933],{"class":1561}," tuple",[31,149935,3564],{"class":41},[31,149937,260],{"class":259},[31,149939,264],{"class":263},[31,149941,260],{"class":259},[31,149943,99],{"class":41},[31,149945,271],{"class":259},[31,149947,274],{"class":263},[31,149949,260],{"class":259},[31,149951,99],{"class":41},[31,149953,271],{"class":259},[31,149955,283],{"class":263},[31,149957,260],{"class":259},[31,149959,566],{"class":41},[31,149961,149962],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,149963,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,149965,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,149967,134],{"class":133},[31,149969,137],{"class":41},[31,149971,141],{"class":140},[31,149973,120],{"class":41},[31,149975,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,149977,134],{"class":133},[31,149979,137],{"class":41},[31,149981,125486],{"class":140},[31,149983,120],{"class":41},[31,149985,149986,149988,149990,149993],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,149987,134],{"class":133},[31,149989,137],{"class":41},[31,149991,149992],{"class":140},"one_item",[31,149994,120],{"class":41},[31,149996,149997,149999,150001,150004],{"class":33,"line":7017},[31,149998,134],{"class":133},[31,150000,137],{"class":41},[31,150002,150003],{"class":140},"from_list",[31,150005,120],{"class":41},[14,150007,358],{},[21,150009,150011],{"className":23,"code":150010,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[28,150012,150013,150029,150033,150041],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150014,150015,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150016,137],{"class":41},[31,150018,146],{"class":95},[31,150020,99],{"class":41},[31,150022,3571],{"class":95},[31,150024,99],{"class":41},[31,150026,3027],{"class":95},[31,150028,120],{"class":41},[31,150030,150031],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150032,1772],{"class":41},[31,150034,150035,150037,150039],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,150036,137],{"class":41},[31,150038,559],{"class":95},[31,150040,1701],{"class":41},[31,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,150044,137],{"class":41},[31,150046,370],{"class":259},[31,150048,264],{"class":263},[31,150050,370],{"class":259},[31,150052,99],{"class":41},[31,150054,379],{"class":259},[31,150056,274],{"class":263},[31,150058,370],{"class":259},[31,150060,99],{"class":41},[31,150062,379],{"class":259},[31,150064,283],{"class":263},[31,150066,370],{"class":259},[31,150068,120],{"class":41},[14,150070,150071,150072,70],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[28,150073,150074],{},"(5,)",[72,150076,15761],{"id":15760},[228,150078,150079,150082,150085,150088,150091,150094],{},[231,150080,150081],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[231,150083,150084],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[231,150086,150087],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[231,150089,150090],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[231,150092,150093],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[231,150095,150096],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[72,150098,150100],{"id":150099},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,150102,150103],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,150105,150106],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[21,150108,150110],{"className":23,"code":150109,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,150111,150112,150132],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150113,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150115,85],{"class":37},[31,150117,89],{"class":88},[31,150119,92],{"class":41},[31,150121,146],{"class":95},[31,150123,99],{"class":41},[31,150125,3571],{"class":95},[31,150127,99],{"class":41},[31,150129,3027],{"class":95},[31,150131,120],{"class":41},[31,150133,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150135,134],{"class":133},[31,150137,137],{"class":41},[31,150139,141],{"class":140},[31,150141,120],{"class":41},[14,150143,358],{},[21,150145,150147],{"className":23,"code":150146,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[28,150148,150149],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150150,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150152,137],{"class":41},[31,150154,146],{"class":95},[31,150156,99],{"class":41},[31,150158,3571],{"class":95},[31,150160,99],{"class":41},[31,150162,3027],{"class":95},[31,150164,120],{"class":41},[14,150166,150167],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[21,150169,150171],{"className":23,"code":150170,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[28,150172,150173,150197],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150174,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193,150195],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150176,9757],{"class":37},[31,150178,89],{"class":88},[31,150180,92],{"class":41},[31,150182,146],{"class":95},[31,150184,99],{"class":41},[31,150186,271],{"class":259},[31,150188,4660],{"class":263},[31,150190,260],{"class":259},[31,150192,99],{"class":41},[31,150194,4496],{"class":4432},[31,150196,120],{"class":41},[31,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150200,134],{"class":133},[31,150202,137],{"class":41},[31,150204,9796],{"class":140},[31,150206,120],{"class":41},[14,150208,358],{},[21,150210,150212],{"className":23,"code":150211,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[28,150213,150214],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150215,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150217,137],{"class":41},[31,150219,146],{"class":95},[31,150221,99],{"class":41},[31,150223,379],{"class":259},[31,150225,4660],{"class":263},[31,150227,370],{"class":259},[31,150229,99],{"class":41},[31,150231,4496],{"class":4432},[31,150233,120],{"class":41},[14,150235,150236,150237,70],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[264,150238,604],{"href":150239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F",[72,150241,150243],{"id":150242},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,150245,150246],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[21,150248,150250],{"className":23,"code":150249,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[28,150251,150252,150260,150270],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150253,150254,150256,150258],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150255,125435],{"class":37},[31,150257,89],{"class":88},[31,150259,149910],{"class":41},[31,150261,150262,150264,150266,150268],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150263,134],{"class":133},[31,150265,137],{"class":41},[31,150267,125486],{"class":140},[31,150269,120],{"class":41},[31,150271,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,150273,134],{"class":133},[31,150275,137],{"class":41},[31,150277,1562],{"class":1561},[31,150279,137],{"class":41},[31,150281,125486],{"class":140},[31,150283,1569],{"class":41},[14,150285,358],{},[21,150287,150289],{"className":23,"code":150288,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[28,150290,150291,150295],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150292,150293],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150294,1772],{"class":41},[31,150296,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150298,1593],{"class":88},[31,150300,1597],{"class":1596},[31,150302,379],{"class":259},[31,150304,38],{"class":263},[31,150306,370],{"class":259},[31,150308,1606],{"class":88},[14,150310,150311],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,150313,150314],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[228,150316,150317,150322],{},[231,150318,150319,150320],{},"Empty tuple: ",[28,150321,7953],{},[231,150323,150324,150325],{},"Empty list: ",[28,150326,4366],{},[14,150328,150329,150330,70],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[264,150331,150332],{"href":57762},"Python list: creating a list",[72,150334,150336],{"id":150335},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,150338,150339],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,150341,150342,150343,150345],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[67,150344,5213],{}," automatically a tuple:",[21,150347,150349],{"className":23,"code":150348,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[28,150350,150351,150363,150373],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150352,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150354,3022],{"class":37},[31,150356,89],{"class":88},[31,150358,92],{"class":41},[31,150360,559],{"class":95},[31,150362,120],{"class":41},[31,150364,150365,150367,150369,150371],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150366,134],{"class":133},[31,150368,137],{"class":41},[31,150370,3049],{"class":140},[31,150372,120],{"class":41},[31,150374,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383,150385],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,150376,134],{"class":133},[31,150378,137],{"class":41},[31,150380,1562],{"class":1561},[31,150382,137],{"class":41},[31,150384,3049],{"class":140},[31,150386,1569],{"class":41},[14,150388,358],{},[21,150390,150392],{"className":23,"code":150391,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,150393,150394,150398],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150395,150396],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150397,3525],{"class":95},[31,150399,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150401,1593],{"class":88},[31,150403,1597],{"class":1596},[31,150405,379],{"class":259},[31,150407,2765],{"class":263},[31,150409,370],{"class":259},[31,150411,1606],{"class":88},[14,150413,150414],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[21,150416,150418],{"className":23,"code":150417,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[28,150419,150420,150432,150442],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150421,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150423,149915],{"class":37},[31,150425,89],{"class":88},[31,150427,92],{"class":41},[31,150429,559],{"class":95},[31,150431,1701],{"class":41},[31,150433,150434,150436,150438,150440],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150435,134],{"class":133},[31,150437,137],{"class":41},[31,150439,149992],{"class":140},[31,150441,120],{"class":41},[31,150443,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,150445,134],{"class":133},[31,150447,137],{"class":41},[31,150449,1562],{"class":1561},[31,150451,137],{"class":41},[31,150453,149992],{"class":140},[31,150455,1569],{"class":41},[14,150457,358],{},[21,150459,150461],{"className":23,"code":150460,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[28,150462,150463,150471],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150464,150465,150467,150469],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150466,137],{"class":41},[31,150468,559],{"class":95},[31,150470,1701],{"class":41},[31,150472,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481,150483],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150474,1593],{"class":88},[31,150476,1597],{"class":1596},[31,150478,379],{"class":259},[31,150480,38],{"class":263},[31,150482,370],{"class":259},[31,150484,1606],{"class":88},[14,150486,17253],{},[21,150488,150490],{"className":23,"code":150489,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(\"apple\",)\n",[28,150491,150492],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150493,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150495,137],{"class":41},[31,150497,260],{"class":259},[31,150499,4660],{"class":263},[31,150501,260],{"class":259},[31,150503,1701],{"class":41},[14,150505,17241],{},[21,150507,150509],{"className":23,"code":150508,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(\"apple\")\n",[28,150510,150511],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150512,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150514,137],{"class":41},[31,150516,260],{"class":259},[31,150518,4660],{"class":263},[31,150520,260],{"class":259},[31,150522,120],{"class":41},[14,150524,150525],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[72,150527,150529],{"id":150528},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150531,150532],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[613,150534,57071],{"id":141},[21,150536,150537],{"className":23,"code":150109,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,150538,150539,150559],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150540,150541,150543,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150542,85],{"class":37},[31,150544,89],{"class":88},[31,150546,92],{"class":41},[31,150548,146],{"class":95},[31,150550,99],{"class":41},[31,150552,3571],{"class":95},[31,150554,99],{"class":41},[31,150556,3027],{"class":95},[31,150558,120],{"class":41},[31,150560,150561,150563,150565,150567],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150562,134],{"class":133},[31,150564,137],{"class":41},[31,150566,141],{"class":140},[31,150568,120],{"class":41},[613,150570,57074],{"id":5892},[21,150572,150574],{"className":23,"code":150573,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[28,150575,150576,150608],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150577,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150579,13672],{"class":37},[31,150581,89],{"class":88},[31,150583,92],{"class":41},[31,150585,260],{"class":259},[31,150587,13689],{"class":263},[31,150589,260],{"class":259},[31,150591,99],{"class":41},[31,150593,271],{"class":259},[31,150595,18054],{"class":263},[31,150597,260],{"class":259},[31,150599,99],{"class":41},[31,150601,271],{"class":259},[31,150603,13706],{"class":263},[31,150605,260],{"class":259},[31,150607,120],{"class":41},[31,150609,150610,150612,150614,150616],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150611,134],{"class":133},[31,150613,137],{"class":41},[31,150615,18101],{"class":140},[31,150617,120],{"class":41},[613,150619,150621],{"id":150620},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[21,150623,150625],{"className":23,"code":150624,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[28,150626,150627,150651],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150628,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150630,60082],{"class":37},[31,150632,89],{"class":88},[31,150634,92],{"class":41},[31,150636,146],{"class":95},[31,150638,99],{"class":41},[31,150640,271],{"class":259},[31,150642,4660],{"class":263},[31,150644,260],{"class":259},[31,150646,99],{"class":41},[31,150648,4496],{"class":4432},[31,150650,120],{"class":41},[31,150652,150653,150655,150657,150659],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150654,134],{"class":133},[31,150656,137],{"class":41},[31,150658,60135],{"class":140},[31,150660,120],{"class":41},[613,150662,150664],{"id":150663},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150666,150667],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[21,150669,150671],{"className":23,"code":150670,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[28,150672,150673,150714],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150674,150675,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710,150712],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150676,150677],{"class":37},"nested ",[31,150679,89],{"class":88},[31,150681,92],{"class":41},[31,150683,146],{"class":95},[31,150685,99],{"class":41},[31,150687,92],{"class":41},[31,150689,260],{"class":259},[31,150691,264],{"class":263},[31,150693,260],{"class":259},[31,150695,99],{"class":41},[31,150697,271],{"class":259},[31,150699,274],{"class":263},[31,150701,260],{"class":259},[31,150703,9825],{"class":41},[31,150705,4200],{"class":41},[31,150707,96],{"class":95},[31,150709,99],{"class":41},[31,150711,102],{"class":95},[31,150713,566],{"class":41},[31,150715,150716,150718,150720,150723],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150717,134],{"class":133},[31,150719,137],{"class":41},[31,150721,150722],{"class":140},"nested",[31,150724,120],{"class":41},[14,150726,358],{},[21,150728,150730],{"className":23,"code":150729,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[28,150731,150732],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150733,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150735,137],{"class":41},[31,150737,146],{"class":95},[31,150739,99],{"class":41},[31,150741,92],{"class":41},[31,150743,370],{"class":259},[31,150745,264],{"class":263},[31,150747,370],{"class":259},[31,150749,99],{"class":41},[31,150751,379],{"class":259},[31,150753,274],{"class":263},[31,150755,370],{"class":259},[31,150757,9825],{"class":41},[31,150759,4200],{"class":41},[31,150761,96],{"class":95},[31,150763,99],{"class":41},[31,150765,102],{"class":95},[31,150767,566],{"class":41},[72,150769,150771,150772],{"id":150770},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[28,150773,38651],{},[14,150775,150776,150777,150779],{},"You can use the built-in ",[28,150778,38651],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150781,150782,150783,70],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[264,150784,63826],{"href":63825},[613,150786,105832],{"id":105831},[21,150788,150790],{"className":23,"code":150789,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[28,150791,150792,150814],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150793,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802,150804,150806,150808,150810,150812],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150795,85],{"class":37},[31,150797,89],{"class":88},[31,150799,149933],{"class":1561},[31,150801,3564],{"class":41},[31,150803,146],{"class":95},[31,150805,99],{"class":41},[31,150807,3571],{"class":95},[31,150809,99],{"class":41},[31,150811,3027],{"class":95},[31,150813,566],{"class":41},[31,150815,150816,150818,150820,150822],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150817,134],{"class":133},[31,150819,137],{"class":41},[31,150821,141],{"class":140},[31,150823,120],{"class":41},[14,150825,358],{},[21,150827,150828],{"className":23,"code":150146,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,150829,150830],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150831,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150833,137],{"class":41},[31,150835,146],{"class":95},[31,150837,99],{"class":41},[31,150839,3571],{"class":95},[31,150841,99],{"class":41},[31,150843,3027],{"class":95},[31,150845,120],{"class":41},[613,150847,106018],{"id":106017},[21,150849,150851],{"className":23,"code":150850,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[28,150852,150853,150871],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150854,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150856,252],{"class":37},[31,150858,89],{"class":88},[31,150860,149933],{"class":1561},[31,150862,137],{"class":41},[31,150864,260],{"class":259},[31,150866,42166],{"class":263},[31,150868,260],{"class":259},[31,150870,120],{"class":41},[31,150872,150873,150875,150877,150879],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150874,134],{"class":133},[31,150876,137],{"class":41},[31,150878,353],{"class":140},[31,150880,120],{"class":41},[14,150882,358],{},[21,150884,150886],{"className":23,"code":150885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[28,150887,150888],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150889,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150891,137],{"class":41},[31,150893,370],{"class":259},[31,150895,264],{"class":263},[31,150897,370],{"class":259},[31,150899,99],{"class":41},[31,150901,379],{"class":259},[31,150903,274],{"class":263},[31,150905,370],{"class":259},[31,150907,99],{"class":41},[31,150909,379],{"class":259},[31,150911,283],{"class":263},[31,150913,370],{"class":259},[31,150915,120],{"class":41},[14,150917,150918],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[613,150920,150922],{"id":150921},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[21,150924,150926],{"className":23,"code":150925,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[28,150927,150928,150946],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150929,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150931,4402],{"class":37},[31,150933,89],{"class":88},[31,150935,149933],{"class":1561},[31,150937,137],{"class":41},[31,150939,60608],{"class":133},[31,150941,137],{"class":41},[31,150943,151],{"class":95},[31,150945,1569],{"class":41},[31,150947,150948,150950,150952,150954],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,150949,134],{"class":133},[31,150951,137],{"class":41},[31,150953,5942],{"class":140},[31,150955,120],{"class":41},[14,150957,358],{},[21,150959,150961],{"className":23,"code":150960,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[28,150962,150963],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,150964,150965,150967,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,150966,137],{"class":41},[31,150968,1243],{"class":95},[31,150970,99],{"class":41},[31,150972,6082],{"class":95},[31,150974,99],{"class":41},[31,150976,3571],{"class":95},[31,150978,99],{"class":41},[31,150980,3027],{"class":95},[31,150982,120],{"class":41},[14,150984,150985],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[72,150987,21399],{"id":21398},[228,150989,150990,150993,150996,150999],{},[231,150991,150992],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[231,150994,150995],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[231,150997,150998],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[231,151000,151001],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,151003,151004,151005,70],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[264,151006,151008],{"href":151007},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[72,151010,3407],{"id":3406},[14,151012,151013],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[613,151015,151017],{"id":151016},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,151019,151020],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[21,151022,151024],{"className":23,"code":151023,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[28,151025,151026,151042],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151027,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151029,29140],{"class":37},[31,151031,89],{"class":88},[31,151033,92],{"class":41},[31,151035,260],{"class":259},[31,151037,4660],{"class":263},[31,151039,260],{"class":259},[31,151041,120],{"class":41},[31,151043,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151045,134],{"class":133},[31,151047,137],{"class":41},[31,151049,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151051,137],{"class":41},[31,151053,23910],{"class":140},[31,151055,1569],{"class":41},[14,151057,151058],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[21,151060,151062],{"className":23,"code":151061,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[28,151063,151064,151080],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151065,151066,151068,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151067,29140],{"class":37},[31,151069,89],{"class":88},[31,151071,92],{"class":41},[31,151073,260],{"class":259},[31,151075,4660],{"class":263},[31,151077,260],{"class":259},[31,151079,1701],{"class":41},[31,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151083,134],{"class":133},[31,151085,137],{"class":41},[31,151087,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151089,137],{"class":41},[31,151091,23910],{"class":140},[31,151093,1569],{"class":41},[613,151095,151097],{"id":151096},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,151099,151100],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[21,151102,151104],{"className":23,"code":151103,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[28,151105,151106,151126],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151107,151108,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151109,4402],{"class":37},[31,151111,89],{"class":88},[31,151113,4200],{"class":41},[31,151115,146],{"class":95},[31,151117,99],{"class":41},[31,151119,3571],{"class":95},[31,151121,99],{"class":41},[31,151123,3027],{"class":95},[31,151125,59],{"class":41},[31,151127,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151129,134],{"class":133},[31,151131,137],{"class":41},[31,151133,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151135,137],{"class":41},[31,151137,5942],{"class":140},[31,151139,1569],{"class":41},[14,151141,151142],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[21,151144,151146],{"className":23,"code":151145,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[28,151147,151148,151168],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151151,4402],{"class":37},[31,151153,89],{"class":88},[31,151155,92],{"class":41},[31,151157,146],{"class":95},[31,151159,99],{"class":41},[31,151161,3571],{"class":95},[31,151163,99],{"class":41},[31,151165,3027],{"class":95},[31,151167,120],{"class":41},[31,151169,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151171,134],{"class":133},[31,151173,137],{"class":41},[31,151175,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151177,137],{"class":41},[31,151179,5942],{"class":140},[31,151181,1569],{"class":41},[613,151183,151185],{"id":151184},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,151187,150998],{},[21,151189,151191],{"className":23,"code":151190,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[28,151192,151193,151213],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151194,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151196,85],{"class":37},[31,151198,89],{"class":88},[31,151200,92],{"class":41},[31,151202,146],{"class":95},[31,151204,99],{"class":41},[31,151206,3571],{"class":95},[31,151208,99],{"class":41},[31,151210,3027],{"class":95},[31,151212,120],{"class":41},[31,151214,151215],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151216,151217],{"class":157},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,151219,151220],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[613,151222,37808,151224,151227],{"id":151223},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[28,151225,151226],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,151229,65252],{},[21,151231,151232],{"className":23,"code":150850,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,151233,151234,151252],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151235,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151237,252],{"class":37},[31,151239,89],{"class":88},[31,151241,149933],{"class":1561},[31,151243,137],{"class":41},[31,151245,260],{"class":259},[31,151247,42166],{"class":263},[31,151249,260],{"class":259},[31,151251,120],{"class":41},[31,151253,151254,151256,151258,151260],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151255,134],{"class":133},[31,151257,137],{"class":41},[31,151259,353],{"class":140},[31,151261,120],{"class":41},[14,151263,151264],{},"gives:",[21,151266,151267],{"className":23,"code":150885,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,151268,151269],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151270,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151272,137],{"class":41},[31,151274,370],{"class":259},[31,151276,264],{"class":263},[31,151278,370],{"class":259},[31,151280,99],{"class":41},[31,151282,379],{"class":259},[31,151284,274],{"class":263},[31,151286,370],{"class":259},[31,151288,99],{"class":41},[31,151290,379],{"class":259},[31,151292,283],{"class":263},[31,151294,370],{"class":259},[31,151296,120],{"class":41},[14,151298,151299],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[21,151301,151303],{"className":23,"code":151302,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[28,151304,151305,151321],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151306,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151308,6738],{"class":37},[31,151310,89],{"class":88},[31,151312,92],{"class":41},[31,151314,260],{"class":259},[31,151316,42166],{"class":263},[31,151318,260],{"class":259},[31,151320,1701],{"class":41},[31,151322,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151324,134],{"class":133},[31,151326,137],{"class":41},[31,151328,38996],{"class":140},[31,151330,120],{"class":41},[14,151332,358],{},[21,151334,151336],{"className":23,"code":151335,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('abc',)\n",[28,151337,151338],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151339,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151341,137],{"class":41},[31,151343,370],{"class":259},[31,151345,42166],{"class":263},[31,151347,370],{"class":259},[31,151349,1701],{"class":41},[613,151351,151353],{"id":151352},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,151355,151356],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[21,151358,151360],{"className":23,"code":151359,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[28,151361,151362,151379,151383,151393,151407],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151363,151364,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151365,151366],{"class":37},"my_tuple ",[31,151368,89],{"class":88},[31,151370,92],{"class":41},[31,151372,260],{"class":259},[31,151374,4660],{"class":263},[31,151376,260],{"class":259},[31,151378,1701],{"class":41},[31,151380,151381],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151382,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,151384,151385,151387,151389,151391],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,151386,134],{"class":133},[31,151388,137],{"class":41},[31,151390,461],{"class":140},[31,151392,120],{"class":41},[31,151394,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,151396,134],{"class":133},[31,151398,137],{"class":41},[31,151400,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151402,137],{"class":41},[31,151404,461],{"class":140},[31,151406,1569],{"class":41},[31,151408,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,151410,134],{"class":133},[31,151412,137],{"class":41},[31,151414,2408],{"class":133},[31,151416,137],{"class":41},[31,151418,461],{"class":140},[31,151420,1569],{"class":41},[72,151422,2435],{"id":2434},[613,151424,151426],{"id":151425},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,151428,151429,151430,151433],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[28,151431,151432],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[613,151435,151437],{"id":151436},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,151439,151440],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[613,151442,151444],{"id":151443},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,151446,151447],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[613,151449,151451],{"id":151450},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,151453,151454],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[613,151456,2453,151458,13311],{"id":151457},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[28,151459,151226],{},[14,151461,5730,151462,151465],{},[28,151463,151464],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[72,151467,2475],{"id":2474},[228,151469,151470,151474,151478,151484,151488,151493,151497],{},[231,151471,151472],{},[264,151473,444],{"href":148569},[231,151475,151476],{},[264,151477,604],{"href":150239},[231,151479,151480],{},[264,151481,151483],{"href":151482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[231,151485,151486],{},[264,151487,1214],{"href":149806},[231,151489,151490],{},[264,151491,151492],{"href":149871},"What is a tuple in Python?",[231,151494,151495],{},[264,151496,63826],{"href":63825},[231,151498,151499],{},[264,151500,151501],{"href":151007},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2499,151503,151504],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":151506},[151507,151508,151509,151510,151511,151512,151518,151524,151525,151533,151541],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":150099,"depth":123,"text":150100},{"id":150242,"depth":123,"text":150243},{"id":150335,"depth":123,"text":150336},{"id":150528,"depth":123,"text":150529,"children":151513},[151514,151515,151516,151517],{"id":141,"depth":130,"text":57071},{"id":5892,"depth":130,"text":57074},{"id":150620,"depth":130,"text":150621},{"id":150663,"depth":130,"text":150664},{"id":150770,"depth":123,"text":151519,"children":151520},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151521,151522,151523],{"id":105831,"depth":130,"text":105832},{"id":106017,"depth":130,"text":106018},{"id":150921,"depth":130,"text":150922},{"id":21398,"depth":123,"text":21399},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":151526},[151527,151528,151529,151530,151532],{"id":151016,"depth":130,"text":151017},{"id":151096,"depth":130,"text":151097},{"id":151184,"depth":130,"text":151185},{"id":151223,"depth":130,"text":151531},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151352,"depth":130,"text":151353},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":151534},[151535,151536,151537,151538,151539],{"id":151425,"depth":130,"text":151426},{"id":151436,"depth":130,"text":151437},{"id":151443,"depth":130,"text":151444},{"id":151450,"depth":130,"text":151451},{"id":151457,"depth":130,"text":151540},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":149857,"description":151542},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151548,"title":151549,"body":151550,"description":153094,"extension":2542,"meta":153095,"navigation":126,"path":153096,"seo":153097,"stem":153098,"__hash__":153099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151551,"toc":153064},[151552,151555,151560,151562,151575,151581,151583,151650,151652,151687,151692,151696,151700,151702,151713,151721,151723,151725,151746,151748,151768,151771,151773,151778,151821,151823,151845,151848,151861,151865,151869,151872,151925,151927,151947,151952,151956,151959,152004,152006,152039,152051,152055,152063,152100,152102,152131,152135,152138,152191,152193,152213,152220,152224,152229,152298,152300,152325,152329,152332,152338,152415,152417,152476,152478,152490,152495,152499,152503,152517,152519,152554,152556,152573,152576,152589,152593,152597,152608,152613,152628,152631,152634,152636,152639,152643,152645,152659,152661,152685,152690,152694,152697,152716,152719,152768,152773,152790,152793,152826,152830,152832,152883,152886,152911,152914,152937,152941,152947,152949,152984,152987,152992,152994,152998,153001,153005,153010,153014,153017,153021,153024,153028,153033,153035,153061],[10,151553,151549],{"id":151554},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151556,9714,151557,151559],{},[28,151558,38651],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151561,83173],{},[228,151563,151564,151569],{},[231,151565,151566,151568],{},[28,151567,38651],{}," creates an empty tuple",[231,151570,151571,151574],{},[28,151572,151573],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151576,151577,151578,151580],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[28,151579,38651],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[72,151582,75],{"id":74},[21,151584,151586],{"className":23,"code":151585,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[28,151587,151588,151608,151622,151626,151636],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151591,85],{"class":37},[31,151593,89],{"class":88},[31,151595,4200],{"class":41},[31,151597,146],{"class":95},[31,151599,99],{"class":41},[31,151601,3571],{"class":95},[31,151603,99],{"class":41},[31,151605,3027],{"class":95},[31,151607,59],{"class":41},[31,151609,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151611,1522],{"class":37},[31,151613,89],{"class":88},[31,151615,149933],{"class":1561},[31,151617,137],{"class":41},[31,151619,141],{"class":140},[31,151621,120],{"class":41},[31,151623,151624],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,151625,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,151627,151628,151630,151632,151634],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,151629,134],{"class":133},[31,151631,137],{"class":41},[31,151633,1550],{"class":140},[31,151635,120],{"class":41},[31,151637,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,151639,134],{"class":133},[31,151641,137],{"class":41},[31,151643,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151645,137],{"class":41},[31,151647,1550],{"class":140},[31,151649,1569],{"class":41},[14,151651,358],{},[21,151653,151655],{"className":23,"code":151654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[28,151656,151657,151673],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151658,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151660,137],{"class":41},[31,151662,146],{"class":95},[31,151664,99],{"class":41},[31,151666,3571],{"class":95},[31,151668,99],{"class":41},[31,151670,3027],{"class":95},[31,151672,120],{"class":41},[31,151674,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151676,1593],{"class":88},[31,151678,1597],{"class":1596},[31,151680,379],{"class":259},[31,151682,38],{"class":263},[31,151684,370],{"class":259},[31,151686,1606],{"class":88},[14,151688,2668,151689,151691],{},[28,151690,151573],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[72,151693,151695],{"id":151694},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151697,151698,63534],{},[28,151699,38651],{},[14,151701,49536],{},[228,151703,151704,151707,151710],{},[231,151705,151706],{},"creates a tuple object",[231,151708,151709],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[231,151711,151712],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151714,151715,151716,151718,151719,70],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[264,151717,149872],{"href":149871}," or the full guide to ",[264,151720,444],{"href":148569},[72,151722,2733],{"id":2732},[14,151724,27088],{},[21,151726,151728],{"className":23,"code":151727,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[28,151729,151730,151736],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151731,151732,151734],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151733,38],{"class":1561},[31,151735,1772],{"class":41},[31,151737,151738,151740,151742,151744],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151739,38],{"class":1561},[31,151741,137],{"class":41},[31,151743,4299],{"class":140},[31,151745,120],{"class":41},[14,151747,12051],{},[228,151749,151750,151753],{},[231,151751,151752],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[231,151754,151755,151756],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[228,151757,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766],{},[231,151759,5883],{},[231,151761,5892],{},[231,151763,63605],{},[231,151765,5889],{},[231,151767,7838],{},[14,151769,151770],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[72,151772,150243],{"id":150242},[14,151774,30252,151775,151777],{},[28,151776,38651],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[21,151779,151781],{"className":23,"code":151780,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[28,151782,151783,151793,151797,151807],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151786,125435],{"class":37},[31,151788,89],{"class":88},[31,151790,149933],{"class":1561},[31,151792,1772],{"class":41},[31,151794,151795],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151796,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,151798,151799,151801,151803,151805],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,151800,134],{"class":133},[31,151802,137],{"class":41},[31,151804,125486],{"class":140},[31,151806,120],{"class":41},[31,151808,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,151810,134],{"class":133},[31,151812,137],{"class":41},[31,151814,1562],{"class":1561},[31,151816,137],{"class":41},[31,151818,125486],{"class":140},[31,151820,1569],{"class":41},[14,151822,358],{},[21,151824,151825],{"className":23,"code":150288,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,151826,151827,151831],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151828,151829],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151830,1772],{"class":41},[31,151832,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151834,1593],{"class":88},[31,151836,1597],{"class":1596},[31,151838,379],{"class":259},[31,151840,38],{"class":263},[31,151842,370],{"class":259},[31,151844,1606],{"class":88},[14,151846,151847],{},"This is equivalent to:",[21,151849,151851],{"className":23,"code":151850,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty = ()\n",[28,151852,151853],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151854,151855,151857,151859],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151856,125435],{"class":37},[31,151858,89],{"class":88},[31,151860,149910],{"class":41},[72,151862,151864],{"id":151863},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[613,151866,151868],{"id":151867},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151870,151871],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[21,151873,151875],{"className":23,"code":151874,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,151876,151877,151897,151911,151915],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151878,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151880,85],{"class":37},[31,151882,89],{"class":88},[31,151884,4200],{"class":41},[31,151886,96],{"class":95},[31,151888,99],{"class":41},[31,151890,102],{"class":95},[31,151892,99],{"class":41},[31,151894,107],{"class":95},[31,151896,59],{"class":41},[31,151898,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151900,1522],{"class":37},[31,151902,89],{"class":88},[31,151904,149933],{"class":1561},[31,151906,137],{"class":41},[31,151908,141],{"class":140},[31,151910,120],{"class":41},[31,151912,151913],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,151914,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,151916,151917,151919,151921,151923],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,151918,134],{"class":133},[31,151920,137],{"class":41},[31,151922,1550],{"class":140},[31,151924,120],{"class":41},[14,151926,358],{},[21,151928,151929],{"className":23,"code":676,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,151930,151931],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151932,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151934,137],{"class":41},[31,151936,96],{"class":95},[31,151938,99],{"class":41},[31,151940,102],{"class":95},[31,151942,99],{"class":41},[31,151944,107],{"class":95},[31,151946,120],{"class":41},[14,151948,151949,151950,70],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[264,151951,105637],{"href":60665},[613,151953,151955],{"id":151954},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151957,151958],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[21,151960,151962],{"className":23,"code":151961,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,151963,151964,151976,151990,151994],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,151965,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,151967,35292],{"class":37},[31,151969,89],{"class":88},[31,151971,271],{"class":259},[31,151973,37651],{"class":263},[31,151975,3934],{"class":259},[31,151977,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,151979,1522],{"class":37},[31,151981,89],{"class":88},[31,151983,149933],{"class":1561},[31,151985,137],{"class":41},[31,151987,35313],{"class":140},[31,151989,120],{"class":41},[31,151991,151992],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,151993,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,151995,151996,151998,152000,152002],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,151997,134],{"class":133},[31,151999,137],{"class":41},[31,152001,1550],{"class":140},[31,152003,120],{"class":41},[14,152005,358],{},[21,152007,152009],{"className":23,"code":152008,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[28,152010,152011],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152012,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152014,137],{"class":41},[31,152016,370],{"class":259},[31,152018,283],{"class":263},[31,152020,370],{"class":259},[31,152022,99],{"class":41},[31,152024,379],{"class":259},[31,152026,264],{"class":263},[31,152028,370],{"class":259},[31,152030,99],{"class":41},[31,152032,379],{"class":259},[31,152034,63895],{"class":263},[31,152036,370],{"class":259},[31,152038,120],{"class":41},[14,152040,152041,152042,14651,152045,152047,152048,70],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[28,152043,152044],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[67,152046,5213],{}," create ",[28,152049,152050],{},"('cat',)",[613,152052,152054],{"id":152053},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,152056,152057,152059,152060,152062],{},[28,152058,36802],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[28,152061,38651],{}," collects them all.",[21,152064,152066],{"className":23,"code":152065,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,152067,152068,152086,152090],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152069,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152071,1522],{"class":37},[31,152073,89],{"class":88},[31,152075,149933],{"class":1561},[31,152077,137],{"class":41},[31,152079,60608],{"class":133},[31,152081,137],{"class":41},[31,152083,559],{"class":95},[31,152085,1569],{"class":41},[31,152087,152088],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152089,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,152091,152092,152094,152096,152098],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,152093,134],{"class":133},[31,152095,137],{"class":41},[31,152097,1550],{"class":140},[31,152099,120],{"class":41},[14,152101,358],{},[21,152103,152105],{"className":23,"code":152104,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[28,152106,152107],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152108,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152110,137],{"class":41},[31,152112,1243],{"class":95},[31,152114,99],{"class":41},[31,152116,6082],{"class":95},[31,152118,99],{"class":41},[31,152120,3571],{"class":95},[31,152122,99],{"class":41},[31,152124,3027],{"class":95},[31,152126,99],{"class":41},[31,152128,3033],{"class":95},[31,152130,120],{"class":41},[613,152132,152134],{"id":152133},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,152136,152137],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[21,152139,152141],{"className":23,"code":152140,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,152142,152143,152163,152177,152181],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152144,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152146,4402],{"class":37},[31,152148,89],{"class":88},[31,152150,11082],{"class":41},[31,152152,146],{"class":95},[31,152154,99],{"class":41},[31,152156,3571],{"class":95},[31,152158,99],{"class":41},[31,152160,3027],{"class":95},[31,152162,9900],{"class":41},[31,152164,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152166,1522],{"class":37},[31,152168,89],{"class":88},[31,152170,149933],{"class":1561},[31,152172,137],{"class":41},[31,152174,5942],{"class":140},[31,152176,120],{"class":41},[31,152178,152179],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,152180,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,152182,152183,152185,152187,152189],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,152184,134],{"class":133},[31,152186,137],{"class":41},[31,152188,1550],{"class":140},[31,152190,120],{"class":41},[14,152192,358],{},[21,152194,152195],{"className":23,"code":150146,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,152196,152197],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152198,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152200,137],{"class":41},[31,152202,146],{"class":95},[31,152204,99],{"class":41},[31,152206,3571],{"class":95},[31,152208,99],{"class":41},[31,152210,3027],{"class":95},[31,152212,120],{"class":41},[14,152214,152215,152216,70],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[264,152217,152219],{"href":152218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[613,152221,152223],{"id":152222},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,152225,64148,152226,152228],{},[28,152227,38651],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[21,152230,152232],{"className":23,"code":152231,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[28,152233,152234,152270,152284,152288],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152235,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152237,13801],{"class":37},[31,152239,89],{"class":88},[31,152241,11082],{"class":41},[31,152243,260],{"class":259},[31,152245,8256],{"class":263},[31,152247,260],{"class":259},[31,152249,48],{"class":41},[31,152251,271],{"class":259},[31,152253,13476],{"class":263},[31,152255,260],{"class":259},[31,152257,99],{"class":41},[31,152259,271],{"class":259},[31,152261,9890],{"class":263},[31,152263,260],{"class":259},[31,152265,48],{"class":41},[31,152267,9897],{"class":95},[31,152269,9900],{"class":41},[31,152271,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152273,1522],{"class":37},[31,152275,89],{"class":88},[31,152277,149933],{"class":1561},[31,152279,137],{"class":41},[31,152281,17905],{"class":140},[31,152283,120],{"class":41},[31,152285,152286],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,152287,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,152289,152290,152292,152294,152296],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,152291,134],{"class":133},[31,152293,137],{"class":41},[31,152295,1550],{"class":140},[31,152297,120],{"class":41},[14,152299,30632],{},[21,152301,152303],{"className":23,"code":152302,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('name', 'age')\n",[28,152304,152305],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152306,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152308,137],{"class":41},[31,152310,370],{"class":259},[31,152312,8256],{"class":263},[31,152314,370],{"class":259},[31,152316,99],{"class":41},[31,152318,379],{"class":259},[31,152320,9890],{"class":263},[31,152322,370],{"class":259},[31,152324,120],{"class":41},[72,152326,152328],{"id":152327},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,152330,152331],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,152333,152334,152337],{},[28,152335,152336],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[21,152339,152341],{"className":23,"code":152340,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[28,152342,152343,152379,152383,152397],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152344,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152346,13801],{"class":37},[31,152348,89],{"class":88},[31,152350,11082],{"class":41},[31,152352,260],{"class":259},[31,152354,8256],{"class":263},[31,152356,260],{"class":259},[31,152358,48],{"class":41},[31,152360,271],{"class":259},[31,152362,13476],{"class":263},[31,152364,260],{"class":259},[31,152366,99],{"class":41},[31,152368,271],{"class":259},[31,152370,9890],{"class":263},[31,152372,260],{"class":259},[31,152374,48],{"class":41},[31,152376,9897],{"class":95},[31,152378,9900],{"class":41},[31,152380,152381],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152382,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,152384,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,152386,134],{"class":133},[31,152388,137],{"class":41},[31,152390,38],{"class":1561},[31,152392,137],{"class":41},[31,152394,17905],{"class":140},[31,152396,1569],{"class":41},[31,152398,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,152400,134],{"class":133},[31,152402,137],{"class":41},[31,152404,38],{"class":1561},[31,152406,137],{"class":41},[31,152408,17905],{"class":140},[31,152410,70],{"class":41},[31,152412,8397],{"class":140},[31,152414,6874],{"class":41},[14,152416,358],{},[21,152418,152420],{"className":23,"code":152419,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[28,152421,152422,152442],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152423,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152425,137],{"class":41},[31,152427,370],{"class":259},[31,152429,8256],{"class":263},[31,152431,370],{"class":259},[31,152433,99],{"class":41},[31,152435,379],{"class":259},[31,152437,9890],{"class":263},[31,152439,370],{"class":259},[31,152441,120],{"class":41},[31,152443,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152445,6095],{"class":41},[31,152447,370],{"class":259},[31,152449,8256],{"class":263},[31,152451,370],{"class":259},[31,152453,99],{"class":41},[31,152455,379],{"class":259},[31,152457,13476],{"class":263},[31,152459,370],{"class":259},[31,152461,9825],{"class":41},[31,152463,92],{"class":41},[31,152465,370],{"class":259},[31,152467,9890],{"class":263},[31,152469,370],{"class":259},[31,152471,99],{"class":41},[31,152473,9897],{"class":95},[31,152475,1569],{"class":41},[14,152477,19294],{},[228,152479,152480,152485],{},[231,152481,152482,152484],{},[28,152483,152336],{}," for keys",[231,152486,152487,33161],{},[28,152488,152489],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,152491,152492,152493,70],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[264,152494,64158],{"href":64157},[72,152496,152498],{"id":152497},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,152500,152501,18918],{},[28,152502,38651],{},[228,152504,152505,152508,152511,152514],{},[231,152506,152507],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[231,152509,152510],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[231,152512,152513],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[231,152515,152516],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152518,242],{},[21,152520,152522],{"className":23,"code":152521,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[28,152523,152524,152543],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152525,152526,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152527,152528],{"class":37},"coordinates ",[31,152530,89],{"class":88},[31,152532,149933],{"class":1561},[31,152534,3564],{"class":41},[31,152536,151],{"class":95},[31,152538,99],{"class":41},[31,152540,6578],{"class":95},[31,152542,566],{"class":41},[31,152544,152545,152547,152549,152552],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152546,134],{"class":133},[31,152548,137],{"class":41},[31,152550,152551],{"class":140},"coordinates",[31,152553,120],{"class":41},[14,152555,358],{},[21,152557,152559],{"className":23,"code":152558,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(4, 7)\n",[28,152560,152561],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152562,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152564,137],{"class":41},[31,152566,151],{"class":95},[31,152568,99],{"class":41},[31,152570,6578],{"class":95},[31,152572,120],{"class":41},[14,152574,152575],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[228,152577,152578,152580,152583,152586],{},[231,152579,152551],{},[231,152581,152582],{},"RGB colors",[231,152584,152585],{},"dates",[231,152587,152588],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[72,152590,152592],{"id":152591},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152594,45036,152595,11193],{},[28,152596,38651],{},[228,152598,152599,152602,152605],{},[231,152600,152601],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[231,152603,152604],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[231,152606,152607],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152609,117062,152610,152612],{},[67,152611,5213],{}," work:",[21,152614,152616],{"className":23,"code":152615,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tuple(5)\n",[28,152617,152618],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152619,152620,152622,152624,152626],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152621,38],{"class":1561},[31,152623,137],{"class":41},[31,152625,559],{"class":95},[31,152627,120],{"class":41},[14,152629,152630],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152632,152633],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[72,152635,115900],{"id":115899},[14,152637,152638],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[613,152640,152642],{"id":152641},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152644,3414],{},[21,152646,152647],{"className":23,"code":152615,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,152648,152649],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152650,152651,152653,152655,152657],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152652,38],{"class":1561},[31,152654,137],{"class":41},[31,152656,559],{"class":95},[31,152658,120],{"class":41},[14,152660,30283],{},[21,152662,152663],{"className":23,"code":64262,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,152664,152665],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152666,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152668,3583],{"class":1561},[31,152670,48],{"class":41},[31,152672,379],{"class":259},[31,152674,2765],{"class":263},[31,152676,370],{"class":259},[31,152678,25217],{"class":1561},[31,152680,8685],{"class":88},[31,152682,8688],{"class":88},[31,152684,64285],{"class":37},[14,152686,152687,152688,70],{},"If you see this, read ",[264,152689,62899],{"href":53208},[613,152691,152693],{"id":152692},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152695,152696],{},"This code:",[21,152698,152700],{"className":23,"code":152699,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[28,152701,152702],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152703,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152705,38],{"class":1561},[31,152707,137],{"class":41},[31,152709,260],{"class":259},[31,152711,4425],{"class":263},[31,152713,260],{"class":259},[31,152715,120],{"class":41},[14,152717,152718],{},"returns:",[21,152720,152722],{"className":23,"code":152721,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[28,152723,152724],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152725,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152727,137],{"class":41},[31,152729,370],{"class":259},[31,152731,61048],{"class":263},[31,152733,370],{"class":259},[31,152735,99],{"class":41},[31,152737,379],{"class":259},[31,152739,301],{"class":263},[31,152741,370],{"class":259},[31,152743,99],{"class":41},[31,152745,379],{"class":259},[31,152747,61065],{"class":263},[31,152749,370],{"class":259},[31,152751,99],{"class":41},[31,152753,379],{"class":259},[31,152755,61065],{"class":263},[31,152757,370],{"class":259},[31,152759,99],{"class":41},[31,152761,379],{"class":259},[31,152763,61082],{"class":263},[31,152765,370],{"class":259},[31,152767,120],{"class":41},[14,152769,41511,152770,152772],{},[67,152771,5213],{}," return:",[21,152774,152776],{"className":23,"code":152775,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('hello',)\n",[28,152777,152778],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152779,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152781,137],{"class":41},[31,152783,370],{"class":259},[31,152785,4425],{"class":263},[31,152787,370],{"class":259},[31,152789,1701],{"class":41},[14,152791,152792],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[21,152794,152796],{"className":23,"code":152795,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[28,152797,152798,152815],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152799,152800,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152801,152802],{"class":37},"single ",[31,152804,89],{"class":88},[31,152806,92],{"class":41},[31,152808,260],{"class":259},[31,152810,4425],{"class":263},[31,152812,260],{"class":259},[31,152814,1701],{"class":41},[31,152816,152817,152819,152821,152824],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152818,134],{"class":133},[31,152820,137],{"class":41},[31,152822,152823],{"class":140},"single",[31,152825,120],{"class":41},[613,152827,152829],{"id":152828},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152831,152696],{},[21,152833,152835],{"className":23,"code":152834,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[28,152836,152837,152869],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152838,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152840,9757],{"class":37},[31,152842,89],{"class":88},[31,152844,11082],{"class":41},[31,152846,260],{"class":259},[31,152848,264],{"class":263},[31,152850,260],{"class":259},[31,152852,48],{"class":41},[31,152854,6082],{"class":95},[31,152856,99],{"class":41},[31,152858,271],{"class":259},[31,152860,274],{"class":263},[31,152862,260],{"class":259},[31,152864,48],{"class":41},[31,152866,3571],{"class":95},[31,152868,9900],{"class":41},[31,152870,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152872,134],{"class":133},[31,152874,137],{"class":41},[31,152876,38],{"class":1561},[31,152878,137],{"class":41},[31,152880,9796],{"class":140},[31,152882,1569],{"class":41},[14,152884,152885],{},"returns only the keys:",[21,152887,152889],{"className":23,"code":152888,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('a', 'b')\n",[28,152890,152891],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152892,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152894,137],{"class":41},[31,152896,370],{"class":259},[31,152898,264],{"class":263},[31,152900,370],{"class":259},[31,152902,99],{"class":41},[31,152904,379],{"class":259},[31,152906,274],{"class":263},[31,152908,370],{"class":259},[31,152910,120],{"class":41},[14,152912,152913],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[21,152915,152917],{"className":23,"code":152916,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[28,152918,152919],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152920,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152922,134],{"class":133},[31,152924,137],{"class":41},[31,152926,38],{"class":1561},[31,152928,137],{"class":41},[31,152930,9796],{"class":140},[31,152932,70],{"class":41},[31,152934,8397],{"class":140},[31,152936,6874],{"class":41},[613,152938,152940],{"id":152939},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152942,152943,152944,152946],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[28,152945,38651],{}," conversion.",[14,152948,6056],{},[21,152950,152952],{"className":23,"code":152951,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[28,152953,152954,152974],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,152955,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,152957,3022],{"class":37},[31,152959,89],{"class":88},[31,152961,92],{"class":41},[31,152963,146],{"class":95},[31,152965,99],{"class":41},[31,152967,3571],{"class":95},[31,152969,99],{"class":41},[31,152971,3027],{"class":95},[31,152973,120],{"class":41},[31,152975,152976,152978,152980,152982],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,152977,134],{"class":133},[31,152979,137],{"class":41},[31,152981,3049],{"class":140},[31,152983,120],{"class":41},[14,152985,152986],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152988,26106,152989,152991],{},[28,152990,38651],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[72,152993,2435],{"id":2434},[613,152995,152997],{"id":152996},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152999,153000],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[613,153002,153004],{"id":153003},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,153006,153007,153008,70],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[28,153009,7953],{},[613,153011,153013],{"id":153012},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,153015,153016],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[613,153018,153020],{"id":153019},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,153022,153023],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[613,153025,153027],{"id":153026},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,153029,153030,153031,70],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[28,153032,3583],{},[72,153034,2475],{"id":2474},[228,153036,153037,153041,153045,153049,153053,153057],{},[231,153038,153039],{},[264,153040,444],{"href":148569},[231,153042,153043],{},[264,153044,151492],{"href":149871},[231,153046,153047],{},[264,153048,105637],{"href":60665},[231,153050,153051],{},[264,153052,152219],{"href":152218},[231,153054,153055],{},[264,153056,64158],{"href":64157},[231,153058,153059],{},[264,153060,62899],{"href":53208},[2499,153062,153063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":153065},[153066,153067,153068,153069,153070,153077,153078,153079,153080,153086,153093],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":151694,"depth":123,"text":151695},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":150242,"depth":123,"text":150243},{"id":151863,"depth":123,"text":151864,"children":153071},[153072,153073,153074,153075,153076],{"id":151867,"depth":130,"text":151868},{"id":151954,"depth":130,"text":151955},{"id":152053,"depth":130,"text":152054},{"id":152133,"depth":130,"text":152134},{"id":152222,"depth":130,"text":152223},{"id":152327,"depth":123,"text":152328},{"id":152497,"depth":123,"text":152498},{"id":152591,"depth":123,"text":152592},{"id":115899,"depth":123,"text":115900,"children":153081},[153082,153083,153084,153085],{"id":152641,"depth":130,"text":152642},{"id":152692,"depth":130,"text":152693},{"id":152828,"depth":130,"text":152829},{"id":152939,"depth":130,"text":152940},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":153087},[153088,153089,153090,153091,153092],{"id":152996,"depth":130,"text":152997},{"id":153003,"depth":130,"text":153004},{"id":153012,"depth":130,"text":153013},{"id":153019,"depth":130,"text":153020},{"id":153026,"depth":130,"text":153027},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151549,"description":153094},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":153101,"title":153102,"body":153103,"description":154515,"extension":2542,"meta":154516,"navigation":126,"path":154517,"seo":154518,"stem":154519,"__hash__":154520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":153104,"toc":154487},[153105,153110,153115,153118,153120,153199,153205,153210,153214,153229,153231,153278,153280,153288,153296,153302,153304,153309,153329,153332,153359,153361,153385,153387,153529,153531,153535,153543,153546,153548,153625,153627,153635,153639,153643,153653,153662,153664,153669,153671,153730,153735,153737,153837,153839,153853,153858,153864,153871,153874,153876,153986,153990,154007,154009,154072,154074,154082,154094,154098,154103,154131,154134,154216,154218,154229,154231,154235,154262,154264,154266,154346,154354,154356,154411,154413,154418,154421,154425,154429,154431,154435,154439,154447,154454,154457,154459,154484],[10,153106,148454,153108,11914],{"id":153107},"python-tuple-index-method",[28,153109,59577],{},[14,153111,153112,153114],{},[28,153113,149773],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,153116,153117],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[72,153119,75],{"id":74},[21,153121,153123],{"className":23,"code":153122,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[28,153124,153125,153165,153187],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153126,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153128,13672],{"class":37},[31,153130,89],{"class":88},[31,153132,92],{"class":41},[31,153134,260],{"class":259},[31,153136,13689],{"class":263},[31,153138,260],{"class":259},[31,153140,99],{"class":41},[31,153142,271],{"class":259},[31,153144,13706],{"class":263},[31,153146,260],{"class":259},[31,153148,99],{"class":41},[31,153150,271],{"class":259},[31,153152,18054],{"class":263},[31,153154,260],{"class":259},[31,153156,99],{"class":41},[31,153158,271],{"class":259},[31,153160,13706],{"class":263},[31,153162,260],{"class":259},[31,153164,120],{"class":41},[31,153166,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153168,65528],{"class":37},[31,153170,89],{"class":88},[31,153172,13720],{"class":37},[31,153174,70],{"class":41},[31,153176,36452],{"class":140},[31,153178,137],{"class":41},[31,153180,260],{"class":259},[31,153182,13706],{"class":263},[31,153184,260],{"class":259},[31,153186,120],{"class":41},[31,153188,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,153190,134],{"class":133},[31,153192,137],{"class":41},[31,153194,65555],{"class":140},[31,153196,4238],{"class":41},[31,153198,28381],{"class":157},[14,153200,153201,153204],{},[28,153202,153203],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[72,153206,4255,153208,4258],{"id":153207},"what-tupleindex-does",[28,153209,149773],{},[14,153211,62,153212,12005],{},[28,153213,59577],{},[228,153215,153216,153219,153221,153224],{},[231,153217,153218],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[231,153220,129053],{},[231,153222,153223],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[231,153225,153226,153227],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[28,153228,1243],{},[14,153230,242],{},[21,153232,153234],{"className":23,"code":153233,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[28,153235,153236,153260],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153237,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153239,85],{"class":37},[31,153241,89],{"class":88},[31,153243,92],{"class":41},[31,153245,96],{"class":95},[31,153247,99],{"class":41},[31,153249,102],{"class":95},[31,153251,99],{"class":41},[31,153253,107],{"class":95},[31,153255,99],{"class":41},[31,153257,102],{"class":95},[31,153259,120],{"class":41},[31,153261,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153263,134],{"class":133},[31,153265,137],{"class":41},[31,153267,141],{"class":140},[31,153269,70],{"class":41},[31,153271,36452],{"class":140},[31,153273,137],{"class":41},[31,153275,580],{"class":95},[31,153277,1569],{"class":41},[14,153279,358],{},[21,153281,153282],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,153283,153284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153285,153286],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153287,47525],{"class":95},[14,153289,21576,153290,153292,153293,153295],{},[28,153291,580],{}," appears twice, ",[28,153294,59577],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,153297,151715,153298,70],{},[264,153299,153301],{"href":153300},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[72,153303,2733],{"id":2732},[14,153305,8351,153306,153308],{},[28,153307,59577],{}," in two ways:",[21,153310,153312],{"className":23,"code":153311,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[28,153313,153314],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153315,153316,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153317,153318],{"class":37},"tuple_name",[31,153320,70],{"class":41},[31,153322,36452],{"class":140},[31,153324,137],{"class":41},[31,153326,3049],{"class":140},[31,153328,120],{"class":41},[14,153330,153331],{},"or:",[21,153333,153335],{"className":23,"code":153334,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[28,153336,153337],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153338,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153340,153318],{"class":37},[31,153342,70],{"class":41},[31,153344,36452],{"class":140},[31,153346,137],{"class":41},[31,153348,3049],{"class":140},[31,153350,99],{"class":41},[31,153352,36658],{"class":140},[31,153354,99],{"class":41},[31,153356,65649],{"class":140},[31,153358,120],{"class":41},[613,153360,17993],{"id":17992},[228,153362,153363,153368,153373,153378],{},[231,153364,153365,153367],{},[28,153366,3049],{}," — the item to search for",[231,153369,153370,153372],{},[28,153371,45],{}," — optional starting position",[231,153374,153375,153377],{},[28,153376,53269],{}," — optional ending position",[231,153379,153380,5366,153382,153384],{},[28,153381,53269],{},[67,153383,69],{}," in the search",[14,153386,242],{},[21,153388,153390],{"className":23,"code":153389,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[28,153391,153392,153440,153444,153469,153497],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153393,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153395,252],{"class":37},[31,153397,89],{"class":88},[31,153399,92],{"class":41},[31,153401,260],{"class":259},[31,153403,264],{"class":263},[31,153405,260],{"class":259},[31,153407,99],{"class":41},[31,153409,271],{"class":259},[31,153411,274],{"class":263},[31,153413,260],{"class":259},[31,153415,99],{"class":41},[31,153417,271],{"class":259},[31,153419,283],{"class":263},[31,153421,260],{"class":259},[31,153423,99],{"class":41},[31,153425,271],{"class":259},[31,153427,274],{"class":263},[31,153429,260],{"class":259},[31,153431,99],{"class":41},[31,153433,271],{"class":259},[31,153435,292],{"class":263},[31,153437,260],{"class":259},[31,153439,120],{"class":41},[31,153441,153442],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153443,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,153445,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,153447,134],{"class":133},[31,153449,137],{"class":41},[31,153451,353],{"class":140},[31,153453,70],{"class":41},[31,153455,36452],{"class":140},[31,153457,137],{"class":41},[31,153459,260],{"class":259},[31,153461,274],{"class":263},[31,153463,260],{"class":259},[31,153465,5945],{"class":41},[31,153467,153468],{"class":157},"        # 1\n",[31,153470,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,153472,134],{"class":133},[31,153474,137],{"class":41},[31,153476,353],{"class":140},[31,153478,70],{"class":41},[31,153480,36452],{"class":140},[31,153482,137],{"class":41},[31,153484,260],{"class":259},[31,153486,274],{"class":263},[31,153488,260],{"class":259},[31,153490,99],{"class":41},[31,153492,3571],{"class":95},[31,153494,5945],{"class":41},[31,153496,51526],{"class":157},[31,153498,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,153500,134],{"class":133},[31,153502,137],{"class":41},[31,153504,353],{"class":140},[31,153506,70],{"class":41},[31,153508,36452],{"class":140},[31,153510,137],{"class":41},[31,153512,260],{"class":259},[31,153514,274],{"class":263},[31,153516,260],{"class":259},[31,153518,99],{"class":41},[31,153520,6082],{"class":95},[31,153522,99],{"class":41},[31,153524,3027],{"class":95},[31,153526,5945],{"class":41},[31,153528,28381],{"class":157},[72,153530,103964],{"id":103963},[14,153532,153533,26109],{},[28,153534,149773],{},[228,153536,153537,153540],{},[231,153538,153539],{},"An integer",[231,153541,153542],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153544,153545],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153547,242],{},[21,153549,153551],{"className":23,"code":153550,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[28,153552,153553,153593,153615],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153554,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153556,109063],{"class":37},[31,153558,89],{"class":88},[31,153560,92],{"class":41},[31,153562,260],{"class":259},[31,153564,37651],{"class":263},[31,153566,260],{"class":259},[31,153568,99],{"class":41},[31,153570,271],{"class":259},[31,153572,58736],{"class":263},[31,153574,260],{"class":259},[31,153576,99],{"class":41},[31,153578,271],{"class":259},[31,153580,58753],{"class":263},[31,153582,260],{"class":259},[31,153584,99],{"class":41},[31,153586,271],{"class":259},[31,153588,58736],{"class":263},[31,153590,260],{"class":259},[31,153592,120],{"class":41},[31,153594,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153596,1522],{"class":37},[31,153598,89],{"class":88},[31,153600,109106],{"class":37},[31,153602,70],{"class":41},[31,153604,36452],{"class":140},[31,153606,137],{"class":41},[31,153608,260],{"class":259},[31,153610,58736],{"class":263},[31,153612,260],{"class":259},[31,153614,120],{"class":41},[31,153616,153617,153619,153621,153623],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,153618,134],{"class":133},[31,153620,137],{"class":41},[31,153622,1550],{"class":140},[31,153624,120],{"class":41},[14,153626,358],{},[21,153628,153629],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,153630,153631],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153632,153633],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153634,47525],{"class":95},[72,153636,153638],{"id":153637},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153640,2668,153641,11193],{},[28,153642,149773],{},[228,153644,153645,153647,153650],{},[231,153646,66706],{},[231,153648,153649],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[231,153651,153652],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153654,153655,153656,153659,153660,70],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[28,153657,153658],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[264,153661,604],{"href":603},[72,153663,66238],{"id":66237},[14,153665,153666,153667,70],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[28,153668,41309],{},[14,153670,242],{},[21,153672,153674],{"className":23,"code":153673,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[28,153675,153676,153708],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153677,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153679,13672],{"class":37},[31,153681,89],{"class":88},[31,153683,92],{"class":41},[31,153685,260],{"class":259},[31,153687,13689],{"class":263},[31,153689,260],{"class":259},[31,153691,99],{"class":41},[31,153693,271],{"class":259},[31,153695,13706],{"class":263},[31,153697,260],{"class":259},[31,153699,99],{"class":41},[31,153701,271],{"class":259},[31,153703,18054],{"class":263},[31,153705,260],{"class":259},[31,153707,120],{"class":41},[31,153709,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153711,134],{"class":133},[31,153713,137],{"class":41},[31,153715,18101],{"class":140},[31,153717,70],{"class":41},[31,153719,36452],{"class":140},[31,153721,137],{"class":41},[31,153723,260],{"class":259},[31,153725,23123],{"class":263},[31,153727,260],{"class":259},[31,153729,1569],{"class":41},[14,153731,40259,153732,153734],{},[28,153733,110388],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153736,66313],{},[21,153738,153740],{"className":23,"code":153739,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[28,153741,153742,153774,153778,153794,153816,153822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153743,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153745,13672],{"class":37},[31,153747,89],{"class":88},[31,153749,92],{"class":41},[31,153751,260],{"class":259},[31,153753,13689],{"class":263},[31,153755,260],{"class":259},[31,153757,99],{"class":41},[31,153759,271],{"class":259},[31,153761,13706],{"class":263},[31,153763,260],{"class":259},[31,153765,99],{"class":41},[31,153767,271],{"class":259},[31,153769,18054],{"class":263},[31,153771,260],{"class":259},[31,153773,120],{"class":41},[31,153775,153776],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153777,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,153779,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,153781,7584],{"class":4457},[31,153783,271],{"class":259},[31,153785,23123],{"class":263},[31,153787,260],{"class":259},[31,153789,21772],{"class":88},[31,153791,13720],{"class":37},[31,153793,6978],{"class":41},[31,153795,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,153797,8657],{"class":133},[31,153799,137],{"class":41},[31,153801,18101],{"class":140},[31,153803,70],{"class":41},[31,153805,36452],{"class":140},[31,153807,137],{"class":41},[31,153809,260],{"class":259},[31,153811,23123],{"class":263},[31,153813,260],{"class":259},[31,153815,1569],{"class":41},[31,153817,153818,153820],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,153819,28035],{"class":4457},[31,153821,6978],{"class":41},[31,153823,153824,153826,153828,153830,153833,153835],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,153825,8657],{"class":133},[31,153827,137],{"class":41},[31,153829,260],{"class":259},[31,153831,153832],{"class":263},"Value not found",[31,153834,260],{"class":259},[31,153836,120],{"class":41},[14,153838,358],{},[21,153840,153842],{"className":23,"code":153841,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Value not found\n",[28,153843,153844],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153845,153846,153849,153851],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153847,153848],{"class":37},"Value ",[31,153850,5213],{"class":88},[31,153852,66437],{"class":37},[14,153854,153855,153856,70],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[264,153857,66447],{"href":66446},[72,153859,9007,153860,4975,153862],{"id":66014},[28,153861,45],{},[28,153863,53269],{},[14,153865,62,153866,4975,153868,153870],{},[28,153867,45],{},[28,153869,53269],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153872,153873],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153875,242],{},[21,153877,153879],{"className":23,"code":153878,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[28,153880,153881,153909,153913,153934,153958],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,153882,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,153884,4402],{"class":37},[31,153886,89],{"class":88},[31,153888,92],{"class":41},[31,153890,559],{"class":95},[31,153892,99],{"class":41},[31,153894,1026],{"class":95},[31,153896,99],{"class":41},[31,153898,5187],{"class":95},[31,153900,99],{"class":41},[31,153902,102],{"class":95},[31,153904,99],{"class":41},[31,153906,5187],{"class":95},[31,153908,120],{"class":41},[31,153910,153911],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,153912,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,153914,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,153916,134],{"class":133},[31,153918,137],{"class":41},[31,153920,5942],{"class":140},[31,153922,70],{"class":41},[31,153924,36452],{"class":140},[31,153926,137],{"class":41},[31,153928,559],{"class":95},[31,153930,5945],{"class":41},[31,153932,153933],{"class":157},"        # 0\n",[31,153935,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,153937,134],{"class":133},[31,153939,137],{"class":41},[31,153941,5942],{"class":140},[31,153943,70],{"class":41},[31,153945,36452],{"class":140},[31,153947,137],{"class":41},[31,153949,559],{"class":95},[31,153951,99],{"class":41},[31,153953,6082],{"class":95},[31,153955,5945],{"class":41},[31,153957,51560],{"class":157},[31,153959,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,153961,134],{"class":133},[31,153963,137],{"class":41},[31,153965,5942],{"class":140},[31,153967,70],{"class":41},[31,153969,36452],{"class":140},[31,153971,137],{"class":41},[31,153973,559],{"class":95},[31,153975,99],{"class":41},[31,153977,3027],{"class":95},[31,153979,99],{"class":41},[31,153981,5187],{"class":95},[31,153983,5945],{"class":41},[31,153985,51543],{"class":157},[613,153987,153989],{"id":153988},"how-it-works","How it works",[228,153991,153992,153997,154002],{},[231,153993,153994,153996],{},[28,153995,45],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[231,153998,153999,154001],{},[28,154000,53269],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[231,154003,62,154004,154006],{},[28,154005,53269],{}," position itself is not included",[14,154008,242],{},[21,154010,154012],{"className":23,"code":154011,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[28,154013,154014,154042,154046],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154015,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154017,4402],{"class":37},[31,154019,89],{"class":88},[31,154021,92],{"class":41},[31,154023,559],{"class":95},[31,154025,99],{"class":41},[31,154027,1026],{"class":95},[31,154029,99],{"class":41},[31,154031,5187],{"class":95},[31,154033,99],{"class":41},[31,154035,102],{"class":95},[31,154037,99],{"class":41},[31,154039,5187],{"class":95},[31,154041,120],{"class":41},[31,154043,154044],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154045,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,154047,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154049,134],{"class":133},[31,154051,137],{"class":41},[31,154053,5942],{"class":140},[31,154055,70],{"class":41},[31,154057,36452],{"class":140},[31,154059,137],{"class":41},[31,154061,559],{"class":95},[31,154063,99],{"class":41},[31,154065,6082],{"class":95},[31,154067,99],{"class":41},[31,154069,3033],{"class":95},[31,154071,1569],{"class":41},[14,154073,358],{},[21,154075,154076],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,154077,154078],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154079,154080],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154081,17654],{"class":95},[14,154083,154084,154085,2766,154087,17670,154089,154091,154092,70],{},"Python searches positions ",[28,154086,146],{},[28,154088,193],{},[28,154090,173],{},", but not ",[28,154093,151],{},[72,154095,154097],{"id":154096},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,154099,154100,154101,48],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[28,154102,149773],{},[228,154104,154105,154113,154118,154125],{},[231,154106,154107,154108,154110,154111],{},"Do not confuse the ",[67,154109,3049],{}," with the ",[67,154112,36452],{},[231,154114,154115,154116],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[28,154117,1243],{},[231,154119,2668,154120,154124],{},[264,154121,149799,154122,11333],{"href":149851},[28,154123,57899],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[231,154126,154127,154128,154130],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[28,154129,153658],{}," when you already know the position",[14,154132,154133],{},"Example of value vs index:",[21,154135,154137],{"className":23,"code":154136,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[28,154138,154139,154171,154175,154199],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154140,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154142,36843],{"class":37},[31,154144,89],{"class":88},[31,154146,92],{"class":41},[31,154148,260],{"class":259},[31,154150,4660],{"class":263},[31,154152,260],{"class":259},[31,154154,99],{"class":41},[31,154156,271],{"class":259},[31,154158,4669],{"class":263},[31,154160,260],{"class":259},[31,154162,99],{"class":41},[31,154164,271],{"class":259},[31,154166,33825],{"class":263},[31,154168,260],{"class":259},[31,154170,120],{"class":41},[31,154172,154173],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154174,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,154176,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154178,134],{"class":133},[31,154180,137],{"class":41},[31,154182,36895],{"class":140},[31,154184,70],{"class":41},[31,154186,36452],{"class":140},[31,154188,137],{"class":41},[31,154190,260],{"class":259},[31,154192,4669],{"class":263},[31,154194,260],{"class":259},[31,154196,5945],{"class":41},[31,154198,28381],{"class":157},[31,154200,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,154202,134],{"class":133},[31,154204,137],{"class":41},[31,154206,36895],{"class":140},[31,154208,42],{"class":41},[31,154210,146],{"class":95},[31,154212,154],{"class":41},[31,154214,154215],{"class":157},"               # banana\n",[14,154217,2755],{},[228,154219,154220,154224],{},[231,154221,154222,15844],{},[28,154223,65882],{},[231,154225,154226,154228],{},[28,154227,146],{}," is the index",[72,154230,3407],{"id":3406},[14,154232,106702,154233,48],{},[28,154234,149773],{},[228,154236,154237,154240,154245,154250,154257],{},[231,154238,154239],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[231,154241,9043,154242,154244],{},[28,154243,59577],{}," to return all matching positions",[231,154246,154247,154248],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[28,154249,1243],{},[231,154251,154252,154253,4975,154255],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[28,154254,45],{},[28,154256,53269],{},[231,154258,37808,154259,154261],{},[28,154260,149773],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[613,154263,61318],{"id":61317},[14,154265,94964],{},[21,154267,154269],{"className":23,"code":154268,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[28,154270,154271,154281,154295,154310,154328],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154272,154273,154275,154277,154279],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154274,134],{"class":133},[31,154276,137],{"class":41},[31,154278,461],{"class":140},[31,154280,120],{"class":41},[31,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154284,134],{"class":133},[31,154286,137],{"class":41},[31,154288,2408],{"class":133},[31,154290,137],{"class":41},[31,154292,461],{"class":140},[31,154294,1569],{"class":41},[31,154296,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154308],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154298,134],{"class":133},[31,154300,137],{"class":41},[31,154302,3022],{"class":140},[31,154304,4464],{"class":4457},[31,154306,154307],{"class":140}," my_tuple",[31,154309,120],{"class":41},[31,154311,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,154313,134],{"class":133},[31,154315,137],{"class":41},[31,154317,461],{"class":140},[31,154319,70],{"class":41},[31,154321,41865],{"class":140},[31,154323,137],{"class":41},[31,154325,3049],{"class":140},[31,154327,1569],{"class":41},[31,154329,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,154331,134],{"class":133},[31,154333,137],{"class":41},[31,154335,461],{"class":140},[31,154337,70],{"class":41},[31,154339,36452],{"class":140},[31,154341,137],{"class":41},[31,154343,3049],{"class":140},[31,154345,1569],{"class":41},[14,154347,154348,154349,84981,154351,154353],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[28,154350,41309],{},[28,154352,3049],{}," is missing.",[14,154355,130206],{},[21,154357,154359],{"className":23,"code":154358,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[28,154360,154361,154373,154391,154397],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154362,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154364,7584],{"class":4457},[31,154366,22183],{"class":37},[31,154368,4464],{"class":88},[31,154370,154307],{"class":37},[31,154372,6978],{"class":41},[31,154374,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154376,8657],{"class":133},[31,154378,137],{"class":41},[31,154380,461],{"class":140},[31,154382,70],{"class":41},[31,154384,36452],{"class":140},[31,154386,137],{"class":41},[31,154388,3049],{"class":140},[31,154390,1569],{"class":41},[31,154392,154393,154395],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154394,28035],{"class":4457},[31,154396,6978],{"class":41},[31,154398,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,154400,8657],{"class":133},[31,154402,137],{"class":41},[31,154404,260],{"class":259},[31,154406,153832],{"class":263},[31,154408,260],{"class":259},[31,154410,120],{"class":41},[72,154412,2435],{"id":2434},[613,154414,2453,154416,13311],{"id":154415},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[28,154417,149773],{},[14,154419,154420],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[613,154422,154424],{"id":154423},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,154426,154427,153295],{},[28,154428,149773],{},[613,154430,149752],{"id":149751},[14,154432,77446,154433,70],{},[28,154434,41309],{},[613,154436,154438],{"id":154437},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,154440,154441,154442,4975,154444,154446],{},"Yes. You can use ",[28,154443,45],{},[28,154445,53269],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[613,154448,15501,154450,57814,154452,2466],{"id":154449},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[28,154451,149773],{},[28,154453,65474],{},[14,154455,154456],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[72,154458,2475],{"id":2474},[228,154460,154461,154467,154471,154476,154480],{},[231,154462,154463],{},[264,154464,149799,154465,11333],{"href":149851},[28,154466,57899],{},[231,154468,154469],{},[264,154470,604],{"href":603},[231,154472,154473],{},[264,154474,154475],{"href":1784},"Creating a tuple in Python",[231,154477,154478],{},[264,154479,66447],{"href":66446},[231,154481,154482],{},[264,154483,151492],{"href":153300},[2499,154485,154486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":154488},[154489,154490,154492,154495,154496,154497,154498,154501,154502,154505,154514],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":153207,"depth":123,"text":154491},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733,"children":154493},[154494],{"id":17992,"depth":130,"text":17993},{"id":103963,"depth":123,"text":103964},{"id":153637,"depth":123,"text":153638},{"id":66237,"depth":123,"text":66238},{"id":66014,"depth":123,"text":66797,"children":154499},[154500],{"id":153988,"depth":130,"text":153989},{"id":154096,"depth":123,"text":154097},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407,"children":154503},[154504],{"id":61317,"depth":130,"text":61318},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":154506},[154507,154509,154510,154511,154512],{"id":154415,"depth":130,"text":154508},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154423,"depth":130,"text":154424},{"id":149751,"depth":130,"text":149752},{"id":154437,"depth":130,"text":154438},{"id":154449,"depth":130,"text":154513},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":153102,"description":154515},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154522,"title":154523,"body":154524,"description":155915,"extension":2542,"meta":155916,"navigation":126,"path":603,"seo":155917,"stem":155918,"__hash__":155919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154525,"toc":155897},[154526,154529,154532,154535,154549,154551,154554,154648,154658,154664,154668,154671,154674,154676,154694,154696,154767,154769,154786,154790,154794,154797,154814,154817,154832,154834,154925,154928,154932,154934,154951,154953,155048,155051,155054,155058,155061,155155,155157,155176,155179,155183,155186,155188,155243,155245,155280,155283,155297,155305,155398,155406,155410,155413,155420,155423,155470,155472,155480,155483,155533,155535,155552,155557,155561,155564,155567,155569,155620,155623,155678,155681,155684,155686,155689,155709,155711,155784,155787,155799,155801,155805,155810,155814,155819,155836,155840,155843,155860,155864,155867,155869,155894],[10,154527,154523],{"id":154528},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154530,154531],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154533,154534],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[228,154536,154537,154540,154543,154546],{},[231,154538,154539],{},"positive indexes",[231,154541,154542],{},"negative indexes",[231,154544,154545],{},"common indexing mistakes",[231,154547,154548],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[72,154550,4186],{"id":4185},[14,154552,154553],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[21,154555,154557],{"className":23,"code":154556,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[28,154558,154559,154591,154595,154612,154629],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154562,13672],{"class":37},[31,154564,89],{"class":88},[31,154566,92],{"class":41},[31,154568,260],{"class":259},[31,154570,13689],{"class":263},[31,154572,260],{"class":259},[31,154574,99],{"class":41},[31,154576,271],{"class":259},[31,154578,18054],{"class":263},[31,154580,260],{"class":259},[31,154582,99],{"class":41},[31,154584,271],{"class":259},[31,154586,13706],{"class":263},[31,154588,260],{"class":259},[31,154590,120],{"class":41},[31,154592,154593],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154594,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154598,134],{"class":133},[31,154600,137],{"class":41},[31,154602,18101],{"class":140},[31,154604,42],{"class":41},[31,154606,1243],{"class":95},[31,154608,154],{"class":41},[31,154610,154611],{"class":157},"   # red\n",[31,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,154615,134],{"class":133},[31,154617,137],{"class":41},[31,154619,18101],{"class":140},[31,154621,42],{"class":41},[31,154623,146],{"class":95},[31,154625,154],{"class":41},[31,154627,154628],{"class":157},"   # green\n",[31,154630,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,154632,134],{"class":133},[31,154634,137],{"class":41},[31,154636,18101],{"class":140},[31,154638,42],{"class":41},[31,154640,212],{"class":88},[31,154642,146],{"class":95},[31,154644,154],{"class":41},[31,154646,154647],{"class":157},"  # blue\n",[228,154649,154650,154655],{},[231,154651,2092,154652,154654],{},[28,154653,1243],{}," is the first item.",[231,154656,154657],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154659,154660,154661,70],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[264,154662,154663],{"href":148572},"how to create a tuple in Python",[72,154665,154667],{"id":154666},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154669,154670],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154672,154673],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154675,12051],{},[228,154677,154678,154681,154688,154691],{},[231,154679,154680],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[231,154682,154683,154684,19562,154686],{},"Python starts counting at ",[28,154685,1243],{},[28,154687,146],{},[231,154689,154690],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[231,154692,154693],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154695,242],{},[21,154697,154699],{"className":23,"code":154698,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[28,154700,154701,154721,154725,154739,154753],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154702,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154704,85],{"class":37},[31,154706,89],{"class":88},[31,154708,92],{"class":41},[31,154710,96],{"class":95},[31,154712,99],{"class":41},[31,154714,102],{"class":95},[31,154716,99],{"class":41},[31,154718,107],{"class":95},[31,154720,120],{"class":41},[31,154722,154723],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154724,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,154726,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154728,134],{"class":133},[31,154730,137],{"class":41},[31,154732,141],{"class":140},[31,154734,42],{"class":41},[31,154736,1243],{"class":95},[31,154738,566],{"class":41},[31,154740,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,154742,134],{"class":133},[31,154744,137],{"class":41},[31,154746,141],{"class":140},[31,154748,42],{"class":41},[31,154750,146],{"class":95},[31,154752,566],{"class":41},[31,154754,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,154756,134],{"class":133},[31,154758,137],{"class":41},[31,154760,141],{"class":140},[31,154762,42],{"class":41},[31,154764,193],{"class":95},[31,154766,566],{"class":41},[14,154768,358],{},[21,154770,154772],{"className":23,"code":154771,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10\n20\n30\n",[28,154773,154774,154778,154782],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154775,154776],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154777,2951],{"class":95},[31,154779,154780],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154781,1911],{"class":95},[31,154783,154784],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154785,70448],{"class":95},[14,154787,60002,154788,70],{},[264,154789,444],{"href":148569},[72,154791,154793],{"id":154792},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154795,154796],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[228,154798,154799,154804,154809],{},[231,154800,154801,154803],{},[28,154802,1243],{}," = first item",[231,154805,154806,154808],{},[28,154807,146],{}," = second item",[231,154810,154811,154813],{},[28,154812,193],{}," = third item",[14,154815,154816],{},"Pattern:",[21,154818,154820],{"className":23,"code":154819,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"tuple_name[index]\n",[28,154821,154822],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154823,154824,154826,154828,154830],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154825,153318],{"class":37},[31,154827,42],{"class":41},[31,154829,36452],{"class":37},[31,154831,59],{"class":41},[14,154833,242],{},[21,154835,154837],{"className":23,"code":154836,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[28,154838,154839,154871,154875,154892,154908],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154840,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154842,36843],{"class":37},[31,154844,89],{"class":88},[31,154846,92],{"class":41},[31,154848,260],{"class":259},[31,154850,4660],{"class":263},[31,154852,260],{"class":259},[31,154854,99],{"class":41},[31,154856,271],{"class":259},[31,154858,4669],{"class":263},[31,154860,260],{"class":259},[31,154862,99],{"class":41},[31,154864,271],{"class":259},[31,154866,4678],{"class":263},[31,154868,260],{"class":259},[31,154870,120],{"class":41},[31,154872,154873],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154874,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,154876,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154878,134],{"class":133},[31,154880,137],{"class":41},[31,154882,36895],{"class":140},[31,154884,42],{"class":41},[31,154886,1243],{"class":95},[31,154888,154],{"class":41},[31,154890,154891],{"class":157},"  # apple\n",[31,154893,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,154895,134],{"class":133},[31,154897,137],{"class":41},[31,154899,36895],{"class":140},[31,154901,42],{"class":41},[31,154903,146],{"class":95},[31,154905,154],{"class":41},[31,154907,52094],{"class":157},[31,154909,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,154911,134],{"class":133},[31,154913,137],{"class":41},[31,154915,36895],{"class":140},[31,154917,42],{"class":41},[31,154919,193],{"class":95},[31,154921,154],{"class":41},[31,154923,154924],{"class":157},"  # cherry\n",[14,154926,154927],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[72,154929,154931],{"id":154930},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154933,1035],{},[228,154935,154936,154941,154946],{},[231,154937,154938,154940],{},[28,154939,66462],{}," = last item",[231,154942,154943,154945],{},[28,154944,95994],{}," = second-to-last item",[231,154947,154948,154950],{},[28,154949,48279],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154952,242],{},[21,154954,154956],{"className":23,"code":154955,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[28,154957,154958,154990,154994,155012,155030],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,154959,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,154961,36843],{"class":37},[31,154963,89],{"class":88},[31,154965,92],{"class":41},[31,154967,260],{"class":259},[31,154969,4660],{"class":263},[31,154971,260],{"class":259},[31,154973,99],{"class":41},[31,154975,271],{"class":259},[31,154977,4669],{"class":263},[31,154979,260],{"class":259},[31,154981,99],{"class":41},[31,154983,271],{"class":259},[31,154985,4678],{"class":263},[31,154987,260],{"class":259},[31,154989,120],{"class":41},[31,154991,154992],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,154993,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,154995,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,154997,134],{"class":133},[31,154999,137],{"class":41},[31,155001,36895],{"class":140},[31,155003,42],{"class":41},[31,155005,212],{"class":88},[31,155007,146],{"class":95},[31,155009,154],{"class":41},[31,155011,154924],{"class":157},[31,155013,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,155015,134],{"class":133},[31,155017,137],{"class":41},[31,155019,36895],{"class":140},[31,155021,42],{"class":41},[31,155023,212],{"class":88},[31,155025,193],{"class":95},[31,155027,154],{"class":41},[31,155029,52094],{"class":157},[31,155031,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,155033,134],{"class":133},[31,155035,137],{"class":41},[31,155037,36895],{"class":140},[31,155039,42],{"class":41},[31,155041,212],{"class":88},[31,155043,173],{"class":95},[31,155045,154],{"class":41},[31,155047,154891],{"class":157},[14,155049,155050],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,155052,155053],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[72,155055,155057],{"id":155056},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,155059,155060],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[21,155062,155064],{"className":23,"code":155063,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[28,155065,155066,155098,155102,155119,155136],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155067,155068,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155069,5578],{"class":37},[31,155071,89],{"class":88},[31,155073,92],{"class":41},[31,155075,260],{"class":259},[31,155077,13476],{"class":263},[31,155079,260],{"class":259},[31,155081,99],{"class":41},[31,155083,271],{"class":259},[31,155085,36547],{"class":263},[31,155087,260],{"class":259},[31,155089,99],{"class":41},[31,155091,271],{"class":259},[31,155093,36556],{"class":263},[31,155095,260],{"class":259},[31,155097,120],{"class":41},[31,155099,155100],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155101,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,155103,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155105,134],{"class":133},[31,155107,137],{"class":41},[31,155109,5622],{"class":140},[31,155111,42],{"class":41},[31,155113,1243],{"class":95},[31,155115,154],{"class":41},[31,155117,155118],{"class":157},"   # first item\n",[31,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,155122,134],{"class":133},[31,155124,137],{"class":41},[31,155126,5622],{"class":140},[31,155128,42],{"class":41},[31,155130,146],{"class":95},[31,155132,154],{"class":41},[31,155134,155135],{"class":157},"   # middle item\n",[31,155137,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,155139,134],{"class":133},[31,155141,137],{"class":41},[31,155143,5622],{"class":140},[31,155145,42],{"class":41},[31,155147,212],{"class":88},[31,155149,146],{"class":95},[31,155151,154],{"class":41},[31,155153,155154],{"class":157},"  # last item\n",[14,155156,358],{},[21,155158,155160],{"className":23,"code":155159,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[28,155161,155162,155166,155171],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155163,155164],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155165,50648],{"class":37},[31,155167,155168],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155169,155170],{"class":37},"Ben\n",[31,155172,155173],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155174,155175],{"class":37},"Cara\n",[14,155177,155178],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[72,155180,155182],{"id":155181},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,155184,155185],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,155187,242],{},[21,155189,155191],{"className":23,"code":155190,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[28,155192,155193,155225,155229],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155194,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155196,252],{"class":37},[31,155198,89],{"class":88},[31,155200,92],{"class":41},[31,155202,260],{"class":259},[31,155204,264],{"class":263},[31,155206,260],{"class":259},[31,155208,99],{"class":41},[31,155210,271],{"class":259},[31,155212,274],{"class":263},[31,155214,260],{"class":259},[31,155216,99],{"class":41},[31,155218,271],{"class":259},[31,155220,283],{"class":263},[31,155222,260],{"class":259},[31,155224,120],{"class":41},[31,155226,155227],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155228,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155232,134],{"class":133},[31,155234,137],{"class":41},[31,155236,353],{"class":140},[31,155238,42],{"class":41},[31,155240,559],{"class":95},[31,155242,566],{"class":41},[14,155244,358],{},[21,155246,155248],{"className":23,"code":155247,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[28,155249,155250,155262,155267],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155251,155252,155255,155257,155260],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155253,155254],{"class":140},"Traceback ",[31,155256,137],{"class":41},[31,155258,155259],{"class":140},"most recent call last",[31,155261,8931],{"class":41},[31,155263,155264],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155265,155266],{"class":35057},"  ...\n",[31,155268,155269,155271,155273,155275,155278],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155270,1806],{"class":1561},[31,155272,48],{"class":41},[31,155274,149933],{"class":1561},[31,155276,155277],{"class":37}," index out of ",[31,155279,71529],{"class":133},[14,155281,155282],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[228,155284,155285,155289,155293],{},[231,155286,155287],{},[28,155288,1243],{},[231,155290,155291],{},[28,155292,146],{},[231,155294,155295],{},[28,155296,193],{},[14,155298,155299,155300,70],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[264,155301,155302,155304],{"href":149806},[28,155303,42967],{}," on a tuple",[21,155306,155308],{"className":23,"code":155307,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[28,155309,155310,155342,155346,155362,155366,155384],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155311,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155313,252],{"class":37},[31,155315,89],{"class":88},[31,155317,92],{"class":41},[31,155319,260],{"class":259},[31,155321,264],{"class":263},[31,155323,260],{"class":259},[31,155325,99],{"class":41},[31,155327,271],{"class":259},[31,155329,274],{"class":263},[31,155331,260],{"class":259},[31,155333,99],{"class":41},[31,155335,271],{"class":259},[31,155337,283],{"class":263},[31,155339,260],{"class":259},[31,155341,120],{"class":41},[31,155343,155344],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155345,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,155347,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155349,134],{"class":133},[31,155351,137],{"class":41},[31,155353,2408],{"class":133},[31,155355,137],{"class":41},[31,155357,353],{"class":140},[31,155359,5945],{"class":41},[31,155361,51379],{"class":157},[31,155363,155364],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,155365,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,155367,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,155369,7584],{"class":4457},[31,155371,38991],{"class":133},[31,155373,137],{"class":41},[31,155375,353],{"class":140},[31,155377,4238],{"class":41},[31,155379,39001],{"class":88},[31,155381,3571],{"class":95},[31,155383,6978],{"class":41},[31,155385,155386,155388,155390,155392,155394,155396],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,155387,8657],{"class":133},[31,155389,137],{"class":41},[31,155391,353],{"class":140},[31,155393,42],{"class":41},[31,155395,193],{"class":95},[31,155397,566],{"class":41},[14,155399,155400,155401,70],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[264,155402,26280,155404],{"href":155403},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[28,155405,1983],{},[72,155407,155409],{"id":155408},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,155411,155412],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[228,155414,155415,155417],{},[231,155416,1797],{},[231,155418,155419],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,155421,155422],{},"Indexing example:",[21,155424,155426],{"className":23,"code":155425,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[28,155427,155428,155452,155456],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155429,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155431,85],{"class":37},[31,155433,89],{"class":88},[31,155435,92],{"class":41},[31,155437,96],{"class":95},[31,155439,99],{"class":41},[31,155441,102],{"class":95},[31,155443,99],{"class":41},[31,155445,107],{"class":95},[31,155447,99],{"class":41},[31,155449,112],{"class":95},[31,155451,120],{"class":41},[31,155453,155454],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155455,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,155457,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155459,134],{"class":133},[31,155461,137],{"class":41},[31,155463,141],{"class":140},[31,155465,42],{"class":41},[31,155467,146],{"class":95},[31,155469,566],{"class":41},[14,155471,358],{},[21,155473,155474],{"className":23,"code":1911,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,155475,155476],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155477,155478],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155479,1911],{"class":95},[14,155481,155482],{},"Slicing example:",[21,155484,155485],{"className":23,"code":2146,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,155486,155487,155511,155515],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155488,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155490,85],{"class":37},[31,155492,89],{"class":88},[31,155494,92],{"class":41},[31,155496,96],{"class":95},[31,155498,99],{"class":41},[31,155500,102],{"class":95},[31,155502,99],{"class":41},[31,155504,107],{"class":95},[31,155506,99],{"class":41},[31,155508,112],{"class":95},[31,155510,120],{"class":41},[31,155512,155513],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155514,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,155516,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155518,134],{"class":133},[31,155520,137],{"class":41},[31,155522,141],{"class":140},[31,155524,42],{"class":41},[31,155526,146],{"class":95},[31,155528,48],{"class":41},[31,155530,173],{"class":95},[31,155532,566],{"class":41},[14,155534,358],{},[21,155536,155538],{"className":23,"code":155537,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"(20, 30)\n",[28,155539,155540],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155541,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155543,137],{"class":41},[31,155545,580],{"class":95},[31,155547,99],{"class":41},[31,155549,107],{"class":95},[31,155551,120],{"class":41},[14,155553,155554,155555,70],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[264,155556,151483],{"href":151482},[72,155558,155560],{"id":155559},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155562,155563],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155565,155566],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155568,7274],{},[21,155570,155572],{"className":23,"code":155571,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[28,155573,155574,155606],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155575,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155577,13672],{"class":37},[31,155579,89],{"class":88},[31,155581,92],{"class":41},[31,155583,260],{"class":259},[31,155585,13689],{"class":263},[31,155587,260],{"class":259},[31,155589,99],{"class":41},[31,155591,271],{"class":259},[31,155593,18054],{"class":263},[31,155595,260],{"class":259},[31,155597,99],{"class":41},[31,155599,271],{"class":259},[31,155601,13706],{"class":263},[31,155603,260],{"class":259},[31,155605,120],{"class":41},[31,155607,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155609,134],{"class":133},[31,155611,137],{"class":41},[31,155613,18101],{"class":140},[31,155615,42],{"class":41},[31,155617,146],{"class":95},[31,155619,566],{"class":41},[14,155621,155622],{},"But this does not work:",[21,155624,155626],{"className":23,"code":155625,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[28,155627,155628,155660],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155629,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155631,13672],{"class":37},[31,155633,89],{"class":88},[31,155635,92],{"class":41},[31,155637,260],{"class":259},[31,155639,13689],{"class":263},[31,155641,260],{"class":259},[31,155643,99],{"class":41},[31,155645,271],{"class":259},[31,155647,18054],{"class":263},[31,155649,260],{"class":259},[31,155651,99],{"class":41},[31,155653,271],{"class":259},[31,155655,13706],{"class":263},[31,155657,260],{"class":259},[31,155659,120],{"class":41},[31,155661,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672,155674,155676],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155663,18101],{"class":37},[31,155665,42],{"class":41},[31,155667,146],{"class":95},[31,155669,13870],{"class":41},[31,155671,13873],{"class":88},[31,155673,271],{"class":259},[31,155675,23123],{"class":263},[31,155677,3934],{"class":259},[14,155679,155680],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155682,155683],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[72,155685,3407],{"id":3406},[14,155687,155688],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[228,155690,155691,155697,155700,155703],{},[231,155692,133298,155693,11685,155695],{},[28,155694,146],{},[28,155696,1243],{},[231,155698,155699],{},"Using an index that is too large",[231,155701,155702],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[231,155704,155705,155706],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[28,155707,155708],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155710,62903],{},[21,155712,155714],{"className":23,"code":155713,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[28,155715,155716,155726,155740,155754,155770],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155717,155718,155720,155722,155724],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155719,134],{"class":133},[31,155721,137],{"class":41},[31,155723,461],{"class":140},[31,155725,120],{"class":41},[31,155727,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736,155738],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155729,134],{"class":133},[31,155731,137],{"class":41},[31,155733,2408],{"class":133},[31,155735,137],{"class":41},[31,155737,461],{"class":140},[31,155739,1569],{"class":41},[31,155741,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,155743,134],{"class":133},[31,155745,137],{"class":41},[31,155747,461],{"class":140},[31,155749,42],{"class":41},[31,155751,1243],{"class":95},[31,155753,566],{"class":41},[31,155755,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,155757,134],{"class":133},[31,155759,137],{"class":41},[31,155761,461],{"class":140},[31,155763,42],{"class":41},[31,155765,212],{"class":88},[31,155767,146],{"class":95},[31,155769,566],{"class":41},[31,155771,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,155773,134],{"class":133},[31,155775,137],{"class":41},[31,155777,1562],{"class":1561},[31,155779,137],{"class":41},[31,155781,461],{"class":140},[31,155783,1569],{"class":41},[14,155785,155786],{},"These can help you confirm:",[228,155788,155789,155791,155793,155796],{},[231,155790,2422],{},[231,155792,61392],{},[231,155794,155795],{},"what the first and last items are",[231,155797,155798],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[72,155800,2435],{"id":2434},[613,155802,155804],{"id":155803},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155806,155807,155808,70],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[28,155809,1243],{},[613,155811,155813],{"id":155812},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155815,2668,155816,155818],{},[28,155817,66462],{}," as the index:",[21,155820,155822],{"className":23,"code":155821,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[28,155823,155824],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155825,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155827,461],{"class":37},[31,155829,42],{"class":41},[31,155831,212],{"class":88},[31,155833,146],{"class":95},[31,155835,59],{"class":41},[613,155837,155839],{"id":155838},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155841,155842],{},"Python raises:",[21,155844,155846],{"className":23,"code":155845,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[28,155847,155848],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155849,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155851,1806],{"class":1561},[31,155853,48],{"class":41},[31,155855,149933],{"class":1561},[31,155857,155277],{"class":37},[31,155859,71529],{"class":133},[613,155861,155863],{"id":155862},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155865,155866],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[72,155868,2475],{"id":2474},[228,155870,155871,155876,155880,155884,155890],{},[231,155872,155873],{},[264,155874,155875],{"href":148572},"How to create a tuple in Python",[231,155877,155878],{},[264,155879,151483],{"href":151482},[231,155881,155882],{},[264,155883,1214],{"href":149806},[231,155885,155886],{},[264,155887,26723,155888],{"href":155403},[28,155889,1983],{},[231,155891,155892],{},[264,155893,444],{"href":148569},[2499,155895,155896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":155898},[155899,155900,155901,155902,155903,155904,155905,155906,155907,155908,155914],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":154666,"depth":123,"text":154667},{"id":154792,"depth":123,"text":154793},{"id":154930,"depth":123,"text":154931},{"id":155056,"depth":123,"text":155057},{"id":155181,"depth":123,"text":155182},{"id":155408,"depth":123,"text":155409},{"id":155559,"depth":123,"text":155560},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":155909},[155910,155911,155912,155913],{"id":155803,"depth":130,"text":155804},{"id":155812,"depth":130,"text":155813},{"id":155838,"depth":130,"text":155839},{"id":155862,"depth":130,"text":155863},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154523,"description":155915},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155921,"title":155922,"body":155923,"description":157811,"extension":2542,"meta":157812,"navigation":126,"path":1213,"seo":157813,"stem":157814,"__hash__":157815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155924,"toc":157768},[155925,155931,155936,155987,155991,155999,156005,156007,156023,156025,156028,156043,156045,156058,156060,156117,156121,156129,156136,156142,156148,156152,156203,156207,156215,156219,156248,156252,156260,156264,156297,156301,156309,156313,156316,156367,156371,156379,156381,156398,156402,156406,156465,156469,156477,156480,156507,156511,156519,156523,156529,156604,156608,156645,156652,156656,156719,156723,156731,156736,156740,156746,156789,156793,156801,156807,156810,156857,156861,156869,156878,156884,156939,156943,156951,156954,156958,156960,156991,156995,157014,157017,157062,157066,157089,157095,157100,157102,157149,157154,157157,157205,157209,157217,157221,157226,157230,157280,157284,157299,157303,157361,157365,157380,157384,157455,157459,157468,157472,157551,157555,157577,157585,157587,157590,157615,157617,157670,157672,157689,157691,157695,157701,157706,157711,157715,157720,157724,157729,157735,157738,157740,157765],[10,155926,155928,155929,4238],{"id":155927},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[28,155930,2408],{},[14,155932,2668,155933,155935],{},[28,155934,42967],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[21,155937,155939],{"className":23,"code":155938,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[28,155940,155941,155973],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155944,13672],{"class":37},[31,155946,89],{"class":88},[31,155948,92],{"class":41},[31,155950,260],{"class":259},[31,155952,13689],{"class":263},[31,155954,260],{"class":259},[31,155956,99],{"class":41},[31,155958,271],{"class":259},[31,155960,18054],{"class":263},[31,155962,260],{"class":259},[31,155964,99],{"class":41},[31,155966,271],{"class":259},[31,155968,13706],{"class":263},[31,155970,260],{"class":259},[31,155972,120],{"class":41},[31,155974,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,155976,134],{"class":133},[31,155978,137],{"class":41},[31,155980,2408],{"class":133},[31,155982,137],{"class":41},[31,155984,18101],{"class":140},[31,155986,1569],{"class":41},[14,155988,155989],{},[67,155990,358],{},[21,155992,155993],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,155994,155995],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,155996,155997],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,155998,47225],{"class":95},[14,156000,2668,156001,156004],{},[28,156002,156003],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[72,156006,15761],{"id":15760},[228,156008,156009,156014,156018,156021],{},[231,156010,4780,156011,156013],{},[28,156012,42967],{}," works with tuples",[231,156015,68866,156016,12299],{},[28,156017,42967],{},[231,156019,156020],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[231,156022,5101],{},[72,156024,2733],{"id":2732},[14,156026,156027],{},"Use this pattern:",[21,156029,156031],{"className":23,"code":156030,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"len(my_tuple)\n",[28,156032,156033],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156036,2408],{"class":133},[31,156038,137],{"class":41},[31,156040,461],{"class":140},[31,156042,120],{"class":41},[14,156044,12051],{},[228,156046,156047,156050,156053],{},[231,156048,156049],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[231,156051,156052],{},"The result is an integer",[231,156054,156055,156057],{},[28,156056,42967],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,156059,242],{},[21,156061,156063],{"className":23,"code":156062,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[28,156064,156065,156089,156103,156107],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156066,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156068,85],{"class":37},[31,156070,89],{"class":88},[31,156072,92],{"class":41},[31,156074,96],{"class":95},[31,156076,99],{"class":41},[31,156078,102],{"class":95},[31,156080,99],{"class":41},[31,156082,107],{"class":95},[31,156084,99],{"class":41},[31,156086,112],{"class":95},[31,156088,120],{"class":41},[31,156090,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156092,41847],{"class":37},[31,156094,89],{"class":88},[31,156096,38991],{"class":133},[31,156098,137],{"class":41},[31,156100,141],{"class":140},[31,156102,120],{"class":41},[31,156104,156105],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,156106,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,156108,156109,156111,156113,156115],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,156110,134],{"class":133},[31,156112,137],{"class":41},[31,156114,41865],{"class":140},[31,156116,120],{"class":41},[14,156118,156119],{},[67,156120,358],{},[21,156122,156123],{"className":23,"code":49259,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156124,156125],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156126,156127],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156128,49259],{"class":95},[14,156130,156131,156132,70],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[264,156133,4152,156134,4085],{"href":42964},[28,156135,42967],{},[72,156137,4255,156139,156141],{"id":156138},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[28,156140,42967],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,156143,156144,156145,156147],{},"For a tuple, ",[28,156146,42967],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[613,156149,156151],{"id":156150},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[21,156153,156155],{"className":23,"code":156154,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[28,156156,156157,156189],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156158,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156160,36843],{"class":37},[31,156162,89],{"class":88},[31,156164,92],{"class":41},[31,156166,260],{"class":259},[31,156168,4660],{"class":263},[31,156170,260],{"class":259},[31,156172,99],{"class":41},[31,156174,271],{"class":259},[31,156176,4669],{"class":263},[31,156178,260],{"class":259},[31,156180,99],{"class":41},[31,156182,271],{"class":259},[31,156184,33825],{"class":263},[31,156186,260],{"class":259},[31,156188,120],{"class":41},[31,156190,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156192,134],{"class":133},[31,156194,137],{"class":41},[31,156196,2408],{"class":133},[31,156198,137],{"class":41},[31,156200,36895],{"class":140},[31,156202,1569],{"class":41},[14,156204,156205],{},[67,156206,358],{},[21,156208,156209],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156210,156211],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156212,156213],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156214,47225],{"class":95},[613,156216,156218],{"id":156217},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[21,156220,156222],{"className":23,"code":156221,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[28,156223,156224,156233],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156225,156226,156229,156231],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156227,156228],{"class":37},"empty_tuple ",[31,156230,89],{"class":88},[31,156232,149910],{"class":41},[31,156234,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156246],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156236,134],{"class":133},[31,156238,137],{"class":41},[31,156240,2408],{"class":133},[31,156242,137],{"class":41},[31,156244,156245],{"class":140},"empty_tuple",[31,156247,1569],{"class":41},[14,156249,156250],{},[67,156251,358],{},[21,156253,156254],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156255,156256],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156257,156258],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156259,47860],{"class":95},[613,156261,156263],{"id":156262},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[21,156265,156267],{"className":23,"code":156266,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[28,156268,156269,156282],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156270,156271,156274,156276,156278,156280],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156272,156273],{"class":37},"single_value ",[31,156275,89],{"class":88},[31,156277,92],{"class":41},[31,156279,559],{"class":95},[31,156281,1701],{"class":41},[31,156283,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156295],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156285,134],{"class":133},[31,156287,137],{"class":41},[31,156289,2408],{"class":133},[31,156291,137],{"class":41},[31,156293,156294],{"class":140},"single_value",[31,156296,1569],{"class":41},[14,156298,156299],{},[67,156300,358],{},[21,156302,156303],{"className":23,"code":47525,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156304,156305],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156306,156307],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156308,47525],{"class":95},[613,156310,156312],{"id":156311},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,156314,156315],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[21,156317,156319],{"className":23,"code":156318,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[28,156320,156321,156353],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156322,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156324,9757],{"class":37},[31,156326,89],{"class":88},[31,156328,92],{"class":41},[31,156330,146],{"class":95},[31,156332,99],{"class":41},[31,156334,92],{"class":41},[31,156336,193],{"class":95},[31,156338,99],{"class":41},[31,156340,3027],{"class":95},[31,156342,9825],{"class":41},[31,156344,4200],{"class":41},[31,156346,151],{"class":95},[31,156348,99],{"class":41},[31,156350,5187],{"class":95},[31,156352,566],{"class":41},[31,156354,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156356,134],{"class":133},[31,156358,137],{"class":41},[31,156360,2408],{"class":133},[31,156362,137],{"class":41},[31,156364,9796],{"class":140},[31,156366,1569],{"class":41},[14,156368,156369],{},[67,156370,358],{},[21,156372,156373],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156374,156375],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156376,156377],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156378,47225],{"class":95},[14,156380,20556],{},[228,156382,156383,156388,156393],{},[231,156384,156385,156387],{},[28,156386,146],{}," is one item",[231,156389,156390,156387],{},[28,156391,156392],{},"(2, 3)",[231,156394,156395,156387],{},[28,156396,156397],{},"[4, 5]",[72,156399,156401],{"id":156400},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[613,156403,156405],{"id":156404},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[21,156407,156409],{"className":23,"code":156408,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[28,156410,156411,156451],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156412,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156414,13672],{"class":37},[31,156416,89],{"class":88},[31,156418,92],{"class":41},[31,156420,260],{"class":259},[31,156422,13689],{"class":263},[31,156424,260],{"class":259},[31,156426,99],{"class":41},[31,156428,271],{"class":259},[31,156430,18054],{"class":263},[31,156432,260],{"class":259},[31,156434,99],{"class":41},[31,156436,271],{"class":259},[31,156438,13706],{"class":263},[31,156440,260],{"class":259},[31,156442,99],{"class":41},[31,156444,271],{"class":259},[31,156446,23123],{"class":263},[31,156448,260],{"class":259},[31,156450,120],{"class":41},[31,156452,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156454,134],{"class":133},[31,156456,137],{"class":41},[31,156458,2408],{"class":133},[31,156460,137],{"class":41},[31,156462,18101],{"class":140},[31,156464,1569],{"class":41},[14,156466,156467],{},[67,156468,358],{},[21,156470,156471],{"className":23,"code":49259,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156472,156473],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156474,156475],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156476,49259],{"class":95},[613,156478,156218],{"id":156479},"empty-tuple-1",[21,156481,156483],{"className":23,"code":156482,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[28,156484,156485,156493],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156486,156487,156489,156491],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156488,8368],{"class":37},[31,156490,89],{"class":88},[31,156492,149910],{"class":41},[31,156494,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156496,134],{"class":133},[31,156498,137],{"class":41},[31,156500,2408],{"class":133},[31,156502,137],{"class":41},[31,156504,8397],{"class":140},[31,156506,1569],{"class":41},[14,156508,156509],{},[67,156510,358],{},[21,156512,156513],{"className":23,"code":47860,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156514,156515],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156516,156517],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156518,47860],{"class":95},[613,156520,156522],{"id":156521},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156524,156525,156526,156528],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[67,156527,5213],{}," always a tuple.",[21,156530,156532],{"className":23,"code":156531,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[28,156533,156534,156546,156558,156562,156576,156590],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156535,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156537,3130],{"class":37},[31,156539,89],{"class":88},[31,156541,92],{"class":41},[31,156543,559],{"class":95},[31,156545,120],{"class":41},[31,156547,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156549,3158],{"class":37},[31,156551,89],{"class":88},[31,156553,92],{"class":41},[31,156555,559],{"class":95},[31,156557,1701],{"class":41},[31,156559,156560],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,156561,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,156563,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,156565,134],{"class":133},[31,156567,137],{"class":41},[31,156569,1562],{"class":1561},[31,156571,137],{"class":41},[31,156573,264],{"class":140},[31,156575,1569],{"class":41},[31,156577,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,156579,134],{"class":133},[31,156581,137],{"class":41},[31,156583,1562],{"class":1561},[31,156585,137],{"class":41},[31,156587,274],{"class":140},[31,156589,1569],{"class":41},[31,156591,156592,156594,156596,156598,156600,156602],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,156593,134],{"class":133},[31,156595,137],{"class":41},[31,156597,2408],{"class":133},[31,156599,137],{"class":41},[31,156601,274],{"class":140},[31,156603,1569],{"class":41},[14,156605,156606],{},[67,156607,358],{},[21,156609,156611],{"className":23,"code":156610,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[28,156612,156613,156627,156641],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156614,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156616,1593],{"class":88},[31,156618,1597],{"class":1596},[31,156620,379],{"class":259},[31,156622,2765],{"class":263},[31,156624,370],{"class":259},[31,156626,1606],{"class":88},[31,156628,156629,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156630,1593],{"class":88},[31,156632,1597],{"class":1596},[31,156634,379],{"class":259},[31,156636,38],{"class":263},[31,156638,370],{"class":259},[31,156640,1606],{"class":88},[31,156642,156643],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,156644,47525],{"class":95},[14,156646,156647,156648,4975,156650,70],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[264,156649,1785],{"href":148572},[264,156651,149872],{"href":149871},[613,156653,156655],{"id":156654},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[21,156657,156659],{"className":23,"code":156658,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[28,156660,156661,156705],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156662,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156664,60082],{"class":37},[31,156666,89],{"class":88},[31,156668,92],{"class":41},[31,156670,260],{"class":259},[31,156672,4660],{"class":263},[31,156674,260],{"class":259},[31,156676,99],{"class":41},[31,156678,4200],{"class":41},[31,156680,146],{"class":95},[31,156682,99],{"class":41},[31,156684,3571],{"class":95},[31,156686,18661],{"class":41},[31,156688,92],{"class":41},[31,156690,260],{"class":259},[31,156692,2750],{"class":263},[31,156694,260],{"class":259},[31,156696,99],{"class":41},[31,156698,271],{"class":259},[31,156700,12339],{"class":263},[31,156702,260],{"class":259},[31,156704,1569],{"class":41},[31,156706,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156708,134],{"class":133},[31,156710,137],{"class":41},[31,156712,2408],{"class":133},[31,156714,137],{"class":41},[31,156716,60135],{"class":140},[31,156718,1569],{"class":41},[14,156720,156721],{},[67,156722,358],{},[21,156724,156725],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156726,156727],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156728,156729],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156730,47225],{"class":95},[14,156732,156733,156735],{},[28,156734,42967],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[72,156737,156739],{"id":156738},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[613,156741,156743,156745],{"id":156742},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[28,156744,42967],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[21,156747,156749],{"className":23,"code":156748,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[28,156750,156751,156775],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156754,4651],{"class":37},[31,156756,89],{"class":88},[31,156758,92],{"class":41},[31,156760,260],{"class":259},[31,156762,64204],{"class":263},[31,156764,260],{"class":259},[31,156766,99],{"class":41},[31,156768,271],{"class":259},[31,156770,25],{"class":263},[31,156772,260],{"class":259},[31,156774,120],{"class":41},[31,156776,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156778,134],{"class":133},[31,156780,137],{"class":41},[31,156782,2408],{"class":133},[31,156784,137],{"class":41},[31,156786,4695],{"class":140},[31,156788,1569],{"class":41},[14,156790,156791],{},[67,156792,358],{},[21,156794,156795],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156796,156797],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156798,156799],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156800,17654],{"class":95},[14,156802,156803,156804,156806],{},"This result is ",[28,156805,193],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156808,156809],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[21,156811,156813],{"className":23,"code":156812,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[28,156814,156815,156839],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156816,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156818,4651],{"class":37},[31,156820,89],{"class":88},[31,156822,92],{"class":41},[31,156824,260],{"class":259},[31,156826,64204],{"class":263},[31,156828,260],{"class":259},[31,156830,99],{"class":41},[31,156832,271],{"class":259},[31,156834,25],{"class":263},[31,156836,260],{"class":259},[31,156838,120],{"class":41},[31,156840,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156842,134],{"class":133},[31,156844,137],{"class":41},[31,156846,2408],{"class":133},[31,156848,137],{"class":41},[31,156850,4695],{"class":140},[31,156852,42],{"class":41},[31,156854,1243],{"class":95},[31,156856,2399],{"class":41},[14,156858,156859],{},[67,156860,358],{},[21,156862,156863],{"className":23,"code":17654,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156864,156865],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156866,156867],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156868,17654],{"class":95},[14,156870,21369,156871,156874,156875,70],{},[28,156872,156873],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[28,156876,156877],{},"\"hi\"",[613,156879,156881,156883],{"id":156880},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[28,156882,42967],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[21,156885,156887],{"className":23,"code":156886,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[28,156888,156889,156925],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156890,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156892,4402],{"class":37},[31,156894,89],{"class":88},[31,156896,10586],{"class":41},[31,156898,146],{"class":95},[31,156900,99],{"class":41},[31,156902,3571],{"class":95},[31,156904,9825],{"class":41},[31,156906,92],{"class":41},[31,156908,173],{"class":95},[31,156910,99],{"class":41},[31,156912,3033],{"class":95},[31,156914,9825],{"class":41},[31,156916,92],{"class":41},[31,156918,559],{"class":95},[31,156920,99],{"class":41},[31,156922,38248],{"class":95},[31,156924,1569],{"class":41},[31,156926,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156928,134],{"class":133},[31,156930,137],{"class":41},[31,156932,2408],{"class":133},[31,156934,137],{"class":41},[31,156936,5942],{"class":140},[31,156938,1569],{"class":41},[14,156940,156941],{},[67,156942,358],{},[21,156944,156945],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,156946,156947],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156948,156949],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156950,47225],{"class":95},[14,156952,156953],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[613,156955,156957],{"id":156956},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156959,26291],{},[21,156961,156963],{"className":23,"code":156962,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[28,156964,156965,156977],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,156966,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,156968,3022],{"class":37},[31,156970,89],{"class":88},[31,156972,92],{"class":41},[31,156974,96],{"class":95},[31,156976,120],{"class":41},[31,156978,156979,156981,156983,156985,156987,156989],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,156980,134],{"class":133},[31,156982,137],{"class":41},[31,156984,1562],{"class":1561},[31,156986,137],{"class":41},[31,156988,3049],{"class":140},[31,156990,1569],{"class":41},[14,156992,156993],{},[67,156994,358],{},[21,156996,156998],{"className":23,"code":156997,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[28,156999,157000],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157001,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157003,1593],{"class":88},[31,157005,1597],{"class":1596},[31,157007,379],{"class":259},[31,157009,2765],{"class":263},[31,157011,370],{"class":259},[31,157013,1606],{"class":88},[14,157015,157016],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[21,157018,157020],{"className":23,"code":157019,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[28,157021,157022,157034,157048],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157023,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157025,3022],{"class":37},[31,157027,89],{"class":88},[31,157029,92],{"class":41},[31,157031,96],{"class":95},[31,157033,1701],{"class":41},[31,157035,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157037,134],{"class":133},[31,157039,137],{"class":41},[31,157041,1562],{"class":1561},[31,157043,137],{"class":41},[31,157045,3049],{"class":140},[31,157047,1569],{"class":41},[31,157049,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157051,134],{"class":133},[31,157053,137],{"class":41},[31,157055,2408],{"class":133},[31,157057,137],{"class":41},[31,157059,3049],{"class":140},[31,157061,1569],{"class":41},[14,157063,157064],{},[67,157065,358],{},[21,157067,157069],{"className":23,"code":157068,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[28,157070,157071,157085],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157072,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157074,1593],{"class":88},[31,157076,1597],{"class":1596},[31,157078,379],{"class":259},[31,157080,38],{"class":263},[31,157082,370],{"class":259},[31,157084,1606],{"class":88},[31,157086,157087],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157088,47525],{"class":95},[613,157090,157092,157094],{"id":157091},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[28,157093,2408],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,157096,45036,157097,157099],{},[28,157098,2408],{}," as a variable name.",[14,157101,45067],{},[21,157103,157105],{"className":23,"code":157104,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[28,157106,157107,157115,157135],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157108,157109,157111,157113],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157110,2408],{"class":133},[31,157112,13873],{"class":88},[31,157114,3163],{"class":95},[31,157116,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157118,85],{"class":37},[31,157120,89],{"class":88},[31,157122,92],{"class":41},[31,157124,146],{"class":95},[31,157126,99],{"class":41},[31,157128,3571],{"class":95},[31,157130,99],{"class":41},[31,157132,3027],{"class":95},[31,157134,120],{"class":41},[31,157136,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157138,134],{"class":133},[31,157140,137],{"class":41},[31,157142,2408],{"class":133},[31,157144,137],{"class":41},[31,157146,141],{"class":140},[31,157148,1569],{"class":41},[14,157150,40259,157151,157153],{},[28,157152,2408],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,157155,157156],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[21,157158,157160],{"className":23,"code":157159,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[28,157161,157162,157171,157191],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157163,157164,157167,157169],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157165,157166],{"class":37},"length_value ",[31,157168,89],{"class":88},[31,157170,3163],{"class":95},[31,157172,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157174,85],{"class":37},[31,157176,89],{"class":88},[31,157178,92],{"class":41},[31,157180,146],{"class":95},[31,157182,99],{"class":41},[31,157184,3571],{"class":95},[31,157186,99],{"class":41},[31,157188,3027],{"class":95},[31,157190,120],{"class":41},[31,157192,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157194,134],{"class":133},[31,157196,137],{"class":41},[31,157198,2408],{"class":133},[31,157200,137],{"class":41},[31,157202,141],{"class":140},[31,157204,1569],{"class":41},[14,157206,157207],{},[67,157208,358],{},[21,157210,157211],{"className":23,"code":47225,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,157212,157213],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157214,157215],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157216,47225],{"class":95},[72,157218,157220],{"id":157219},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,157222,157223,157225],{},[28,157224,42967],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[613,157227,157229],{"id":157228},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[21,157231,157233],{"className":23,"code":157232,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[28,157234,157235,157243,157247,157265],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157236,157237,157239,157241],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157238,8368],{"class":37},[31,157240,89],{"class":88},[31,157242,149910],{"class":41},[31,157244,157245],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157246,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,157248,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157250,7584],{"class":4457},[31,157252,38991],{"class":133},[31,157254,137],{"class":41},[31,157256,8397],{"class":140},[31,157258,4238],{"class":41},[31,157260,6993],{"class":88},[31,157262,4413],{"class":95},[31,157264,6978],{"class":41},[31,157266,157267,157269,157271,157273,157276,157278],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,157268,8657],{"class":133},[31,157270,137],{"class":41},[31,157272,260],{"class":259},[31,157274,157275],{"class":263},"The tuple is empty",[31,157277,260],{"class":259},[31,157279,120],{"class":41},[14,157281,157282],{},[67,157283,358],{},[21,157285,157287],{"className":23,"code":157286,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"The tuple is empty\n",[28,157288,157289],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157290,157291,157293,157295,157297],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157292,62],{"class":37},[31,157294,38],{"class":1561},[31,157296,8685],{"class":88},[31,157298,8691],{"class":37},[613,157300,157302],{"id":157301},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[21,157304,157306],{"className":23,"code":157305,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[28,157307,157308,157324,157328,157346],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157309,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157311,51993],{"class":37},[31,157313,89],{"class":88},[31,157315,92],{"class":41},[31,157317,151],{"class":95},[31,157319,99],{"class":41},[31,157321,6578],{"class":95},[31,157323,120],{"class":41},[31,157325,157326],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157327,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,157329,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157331,7584],{"class":4457},[31,157333,38991],{"class":133},[31,157335,137],{"class":41},[31,157337,52018],{"class":140},[31,157339,4238],{"class":41},[31,157341,6993],{"class":88},[31,157343,3571],{"class":95},[31,157345,6978],{"class":41},[31,157347,157348,157350,157352,157354,157357,157359],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,157349,8657],{"class":133},[31,157351,137],{"class":41},[31,157353,260],{"class":259},[31,157355,157356],{"class":263},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[31,157358,260],{"class":259},[31,157360,120],{"class":41},[14,157362,157363],{},[67,157364,358],{},[21,157366,157368],{"className":23,"code":157367,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[28,157369,157370],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157371,157372,157375,157377],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157373,157374],{"class":37},"This looks like an x",[31,157376,99],{"class":41},[31,157378,157379],{"class":37}," y coordinate\n",[613,157381,157383],{"id":157382},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[21,157385,157387],{"className":23,"code":157386,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[28,157388,157389,157418,157422,157440],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157390,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157414,157416],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157392,12081],{"class":37},[31,157394,89],{"class":88},[31,157396,92],{"class":41},[31,157398,260],{"class":259},[31,157400,13476],{"class":263},[31,157402,260],{"class":259},[31,157404,99],{"class":41},[31,157406,9897],{"class":95},[31,157408,99],{"class":41},[31,157410,271],{"class":259},[31,157412,157413],{"class":263},"Canada",[31,157415,260],{"class":259},[31,157417,120],{"class":41},[31,157419,157420],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157421,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,157423,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157425,7584],{"class":4457},[31,157427,38991],{"class":133},[31,157429,137],{"class":41},[31,157431,12175],{"class":140},[31,157433,4238],{"class":41},[31,157435,6993],{"class":88},[31,157437,3027],{"class":95},[31,157439,6978],{"class":41},[31,157441,157442,157444,157446,157448,157451,157453],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,157443,8657],{"class":133},[31,157445,137],{"class":41},[31,157447,260],{"class":259},[31,157449,157450],{"class":263},"User record has the expected number of values",[31,157452,260],{"class":259},[31,157454,120],{"class":41},[14,157456,157457],{},[67,157458,358],{},[21,157460,157462],{"className":23,"code":157461,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[28,157463,157464],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157465,157466],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157467,157461],{"class":37},[613,157469,157471],{"id":157470},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[21,157473,157475],{"className":23,"code":157474,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[28,157476,157477,157509,157513,157533],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157478,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157480,252],{"class":37},[31,157482,89],{"class":88},[31,157484,92],{"class":41},[31,157486,260],{"class":259},[31,157488,264],{"class":263},[31,157490,260],{"class":259},[31,157492,99],{"class":41},[31,157494,271],{"class":259},[31,157496,274],{"class":263},[31,157498,260],{"class":259},[31,157500,99],{"class":41},[31,157502,271],{"class":259},[31,157504,283],{"class":263},[31,157506,260],{"class":259},[31,157508,120],{"class":41},[31,157510,157511],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157512,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,157514,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157516,6543],{"class":4457},[31,157518,70156],{"class":37},[31,157520,4464],{"class":4457},[31,157522,54679],{"class":133},[31,157524,137],{"class":41},[31,157526,2408],{"class":133},[31,157528,137],{"class":41},[31,157530,353],{"class":140},[31,157532,70171],{"class":41},[31,157534,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,157536,8657],{"class":133},[31,157538,137],{"class":41},[31,157540,36758],{"class":140},[31,157542,99],{"class":41},[31,157544,319],{"class":140},[31,157546,42],{"class":41},[31,157548,36758],{"class":140},[31,157550,566],{"class":41},[14,157552,157553],{},[67,157554,358],{},[21,157556,157557],{"className":23,"code":36770,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,157558,157559,157565,157571],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157560,157561,157563],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157562,1243],{"class":95},[31,157564,36779],{"class":37},[31,157566,157567,157569],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157568,146],{"class":95},[31,157570,36786],{"class":37},[31,157572,157573,157575],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157574,193],{"class":95},[31,157576,36793],{"class":37},[14,157578,157579,157580,157582,157583,70],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[264,157581,604],{"href":150239},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[264,157584,151483],{"href":151482},[72,157586,3407],{"id":3406},[14,157588,157589],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[228,157591,157592,157600,157607,157612],{},[231,157593,157594,157595,11685,157598],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[28,157596,157597],{},"(5)",[28,157599,150074],{},[231,157601,9007,157602,157604,157605],{},[28,157603,2408],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[28,157606,42967],{},[231,157608,9043,157609,157611],{},[28,157610,42967],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[231,157613,157614],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157616,32686],{},[21,157618,157620],{"className":23,"code":157619,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[28,157621,157622,157632,157646,157660],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,157623,157624,157626,157628,157630],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,157625,134],{"class":133},[31,157627,137],{"class":41},[31,157629,461],{"class":140},[31,157631,120],{"class":41},[31,157633,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,157635,134],{"class":133},[31,157637,137],{"class":41},[31,157639,1562],{"class":1561},[31,157641,137],{"class":41},[31,157643,461],{"class":140},[31,157645,1569],{"class":41},[31,157647,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,157649,134],{"class":133},[31,157651,137],{"class":41},[31,157653,2408],{"class":133},[31,157655,137],{"class":41},[31,157657,461],{"class":140},[31,157659,1569],{"class":41},[31,157661,157662,157664,157666,157668],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,157663,32756],{"class":133},[31,157665,137],{"class":41},[31,157667,2408],{"class":133},[31,157669,120],{"class":41},[14,157671,155786],{},[228,157673,157674,157677,157680,157684],{},[231,157675,157676],{},"what value you are using",[231,157678,157679],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[231,157681,26620,157682,12299],{},[28,157683,42967],{},[231,157685,123962,157686,157688],{},[28,157687,42967],{}," is documented in Python",[72,157690,2435],{"id":2434},[613,157692,157694],{"id":157693},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157696,2668,157697,157700],{},[28,157698,157699],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[613,157702,13299,157704,149745],{"id":157703},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[28,157705,42967],{},[14,157707,46973,157708,157710],{},[28,157709,42967],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[613,157712,157714],{"id":157713},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157716,157717,157718,70],{},"The length is ",[28,157719,1243],{},[613,157721,157723],{"id":157722},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157725,151429,157726,157728],{},[28,157727,151432],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[613,157730,13299,157732,157734],{"id":157731},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[28,157733,42967],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157736,157737],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[72,157739,2475],{"id":2474},[228,157741,157742,157748,157752,157756,157760],{},[231,157743,157744],{},[264,157745,4152,157746,4085],{"href":42964},[28,157747,42967],{},[231,157749,157750],{},[264,157751,1785],{"href":148572},[231,157753,157754],{},[264,157755,604],{"href":150239},[231,157757,157758],{},[264,157759,151483],{"href":151482},[231,157761,157762],{},[264,157763,157764],{"href":149871},"What is a tuple in Python",[2499,157766,157767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":157769},[157770,157771,157772,157779,157785,157794,157800,157801,157810],{"id":15760,"depth":123,"text":15761},{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":156138,"depth":123,"text":157773,"children":157774},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157775,157776,157777,157778],{"id":156150,"depth":130,"text":156151},{"id":156217,"depth":130,"text":156218},{"id":156262,"depth":130,"text":156263},{"id":156311,"depth":130,"text":156312},{"id":156400,"depth":123,"text":156401,"children":157780},[157781,157782,157783,157784],{"id":156404,"depth":130,"text":156405},{"id":156479,"depth":130,"text":156218},{"id":156521,"depth":130,"text":156522},{"id":156654,"depth":130,"text":156655},{"id":156738,"depth":123,"text":156739,"children":157786},[157787,157789,157791,157792],{"id":156742,"depth":130,"text":157788},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156880,"depth":130,"text":157790},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156956,"depth":130,"text":156957},{"id":157091,"depth":130,"text":157793},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157219,"depth":123,"text":157220,"children":157795},[157796,157797,157798,157799],{"id":157228,"depth":130,"text":157229},{"id":157301,"depth":130,"text":157302},{"id":157382,"depth":130,"text":157383},{"id":157470,"depth":130,"text":157471},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":157802},[157803,157804,157806,157807,157808],{"id":157693,"depth":130,"text":157694},{"id":157703,"depth":130,"text":157805},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157713,"depth":130,"text":157714},{"id":157722,"depth":130,"text":157723},{"id":157731,"depth":130,"text":157809},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner 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type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160051,"toc":161839},[160052,160057,160062,160066,160084,160087,160102,160108,160110,160167,160169,160201,160213,160219,160224,160227,160262,160268,160270,160273,160287,160290,160292,160315,160317,160335,160338,160354,160356,160359,160472,160474,160563,160566,160571,160577,160580,160583,160682,160684,160743,160748,160751,160820,160824,160856,160872,160877,160884,160891,160903,160905,160954,160956,160979,160985,161033,161038,161045,161053,161059,161062,161086,161089,161091,161167,161169,161194,161200,161203,161208,161212,161226,161228,161291,161293,161325,161328,161344,161346,161352,161359,161361,161380,161382,161400,161407,161412,161419,161421,161458,161461,161468,161472,161475,161533,161536,161539,161594,161596,161608,161614,161616,161620,161653,161660,161662,161725,161728,161730,161735,161749,161756,161764,161773,161782,161788,161794,161796,161836],[10,160053,4152,160055,4156],{"id":160054},"python-type-function-explained",[28,160056,2878],{},[14,160058,32921,160059,160061],{},[28,160060,2878],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,160063,63375,160064,105155],{},[28,160065,2878],{},[228,160067,160068,160071,160074,160077],{},[231,160069,160070],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[231,160072,160073],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[231,160075,160076],{},"debug confusing code",[231,160078,160079,160080],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[264,160081,160082],{"href":8808},[28,160083,3536],{},[14,160085,160086],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[21,160088,160090],{"className":23,"code":160089,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"type(object)\n",[28,160091,160092],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160093,160094,160096,160098,160100],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160095,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160097,137],{"class":41},[31,160099,43005],{"class":1561},[31,160101,120],{"class":41},[14,160103,160104,160105,160107],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[28,160106,2878],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[72,160109,4186],{"id":4185},[21,160111,160113],{"className":23,"code":160112,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[28,160114,160115,160127,160141,160145,160153],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160116,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160118,8464],{"class":37},[31,160120,89],{"class":88},[31,160122,271],{"class":259},[31,160124,5587],{"class":263},[31,160126,3934],{"class":259},[31,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160130,134],{"class":133},[31,160132,137],{"class":41},[31,160134,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160136,137],{"class":41},[31,160138,8256],{"class":140},[31,160140,1569],{"class":41},[31,160142,160143],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160144,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,160146,160147,160149,160151],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,160148,2794],{"class":37},[31,160150,89],{"class":88},[31,160152,3163],{"class":95},[31,160154,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,160156,134],{"class":133},[31,160158,137],{"class":41},[31,160160,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160162,137],{"class":41},[31,160164,2816],{"class":140},[31,160166,1569],{"class":41},[14,160168,358],{},[21,160170,160171],{"className":23,"code":125656,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,160172,160173,160187],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160174,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160176,1593],{"class":88},[31,160178,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160180,379],{"class":259},[31,160182,4019],{"class":263},[31,160184,370],{"class":259},[31,160186,1606],{"class":88},[31,160188,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160190,1593],{"class":88},[31,160192,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160194,379],{"class":259},[31,160196,2765],{"class":263},[31,160198,370],{"class":259},[31,160200,1606],{"class":88},[14,160202,2668,160203,160206,160207,4975,160210,70],{},[28,160204,160205],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[28,160208,160209],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[28,160211,160212],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[72,160214,13592,160216,160218],{"id":160215},"what-the-type-function-does",[28,160217,2878],{}," function does",[14,160220,160221,160223],{},[28,160222,2878],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,160225,160226],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[228,160228,160229,160234,160239,160244,160249,160254],{},[231,160230,160231,160233],{},[28,160232,4019],{}," for text",[231,160235,160236,160238],{},[28,160237,2765],{}," for whole numbers",[231,160240,160241,160243],{},[28,160242,2769],{}," for decimal numbers",[231,160245,160246,160248],{},[28,160247,8682],{}," for lists",[231,160250,160251,160253],{},[28,160252,9412],{}," for dictionaries",[231,160255,160256,69703,160258,4975,160260],{},[28,160257,4448],{},[28,160259,4181],{},[28,160261,4251],{},[14,160263,160264,160265,160267],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[28,160266,2878],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[72,160269,2733],{"id":2732},[14,160271,160272],{},"The main beginner form is:",[21,160274,160275],{"className":23,"code":160089,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,160276,160277],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160278,160279,160281,160283,160285],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160280,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160282,137],{"class":41},[31,160284,43005],{"class":1561},[31,160286,120],{"class":41},[14,160288,160289],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,160291,242],{},[21,160293,160295],{"className":23,"code":160294,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[28,160296,160297],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160298,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311,160313],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160300,134],{"class":133},[31,160302,137],{"class":41},[31,160304,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160306,137],{"class":41},[31,160308,260],{"class":259},[31,160310,4425],{"class":263},[31,160312,260],{"class":259},[31,160314,1569],{"class":41},[14,160316,358],{},[21,160318,160319],{"className":23,"code":46378,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,160320,160321],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160322,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160324,1593],{"class":88},[31,160326,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160328,379],{"class":259},[31,160330,4019],{"class":263},[31,160332,370],{"class":259},[31,160334,1606],{"class":88},[14,160336,160337],{},"You can pass either:",[228,160339,160340,160347],{},[231,160341,160342,160343,3456,160345],{},"a literal value such as ",[28,160344,65143],{},[28,160346,47134],{},[231,160348,160349,160350,3456,160352],{},"a variable such as ",[28,160351,8256],{},[28,160353,9890],{},[72,160355,122468],{"id":122467},[14,160357,160358],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[21,160360,160362],{"className":23,"code":160361,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[28,160363,160364,160382,160396,160410,160432,160458],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160365,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376,160378,160380],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160367,134],{"class":133},[31,160369,137],{"class":41},[31,160371,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160373,137],{"class":41},[31,160375,260],{"class":259},[31,160377,4425],{"class":263},[31,160379,260],{"class":259},[31,160381,1569],{"class":41},[31,160383,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160385,134],{"class":133},[31,160387,137],{"class":41},[31,160389,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160391,137],{"class":41},[31,160393,96],{"class":95},[31,160395,1569],{"class":41},[31,160397,160398,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160399,134],{"class":133},[31,160401,137],{"class":41},[31,160403,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160405,137],{"class":41},[31,160407,40748],{"class":95},[31,160409,1569],{"class":41},[31,160411,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,160413,134],{"class":133},[31,160415,137],{"class":41},[31,160417,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160419,3564],{"class":41},[31,160421,146],{"class":95},[31,160423,99],{"class":41},[31,160425,3571],{"class":95},[31,160427,99],{"class":41},[31,160429,3027],{"class":95},[31,160431,2399],{"class":41},[31,160433,160434,160436,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454,160456],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,160435,134],{"class":133},[31,160437,137],{"class":41},[31,160439,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160441,6114],{"class":41},[31,160443,260],{"class":259},[31,160445,8256],{"class":263},[31,160447,260],{"class":259},[31,160449,48],{"class":41},[31,160451,271],{"class":259},[31,160453,5587],{"class":263},[31,160455,260],{"class":259},[31,160457,6123],{"class":41},[31,160459,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,160461,134],{"class":133},[31,160463,137],{"class":41},[31,160465,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160467,137],{"class":41},[31,160469,4181],{"class":4432},[31,160471,1569],{"class":41},[14,160473,358],{},[21,160475,160477],{"className":23,"code":160476,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[28,160478,160479,160493,160507,160521,160535,160549],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160480,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160482,1593],{"class":88},[31,160484,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160486,379],{"class":259},[31,160488,4019],{"class":263},[31,160490,370],{"class":259},[31,160492,1606],{"class":88},[31,160494,160495,160497,160499,160501,160503,160505],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160496,1593],{"class":88},[31,160498,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160500,379],{"class":259},[31,160502,2765],{"class":263},[31,160504,370],{"class":259},[31,160506,1606],{"class":88},[31,160508,160509,160511,160513,160515,160517,160519],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160510,1593],{"class":88},[31,160512,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160514,379],{"class":259},[31,160516,2769],{"class":263},[31,160518,370],{"class":259},[31,160520,1606],{"class":88},[31,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,160524,1593],{"class":88},[31,160526,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160528,379],{"class":259},[31,160530,8682],{"class":263},[31,160532,370],{"class":259},[31,160534,1606],{"class":88},[31,160536,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,160538,1593],{"class":88},[31,160540,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160542,379],{"class":259},[31,160544,9412],{"class":263},[31,160546,370],{"class":259},[31,160548,1606],{"class":88},[31,160550,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,160552,1593],{"class":88},[31,160554,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160556,379],{"class":259},[31,160558,4448],{"class":263},[31,160560,370],{"class":259},[31,160562,1606],{"class":88},[14,160564,160565],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160567,160568,160569,70],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[264,160570,45405],{"href":49586},[72,160572,9007,160574,160576],{"id":160573},"using-type-with-variables",[28,160575,2878],{}," with variables",[14,160578,160579],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160581,160582],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[21,160584,160586],{"className":23,"code":160585,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[28,160587,160588,160596,160614,160618,160630,160648,160652,160664],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160589,160590,160592,160594],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160591,3022],{"class":37},[31,160593,89],{"class":88},[31,160595,3163],{"class":95},[31,160597,160598,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608,160610,160612],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160599,134],{"class":133},[31,160601,137],{"class":41},[31,160603,3049],{"class":140},[31,160605,99],{"class":41},[31,160607,49998],{"class":1561},[31,160609,137],{"class":41},[31,160611,3049],{"class":140},[31,160613,1569],{"class":41},[31,160615,160616],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160617,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,160619,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,160621,3022],{"class":37},[31,160623,89],{"class":88},[31,160625,271],{"class":259},[31,160627,46515],{"class":263},[31,160629,3934],{"class":259},[31,160631,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642,160644,160646],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,160633,134],{"class":133},[31,160635,137],{"class":41},[31,160637,3049],{"class":140},[31,160639,99],{"class":41},[31,160641,49998],{"class":1561},[31,160643,137],{"class":41},[31,160645,3049],{"class":140},[31,160647,1569],{"class":41},[31,160649,160650],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,160651,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,160653,160654,160656,160658,160660,160662],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,160655,3022],{"class":37},[31,160657,89],{"class":88},[31,160659,4200],{"class":41},[31,160661,96],{"class":95},[31,160663,59],{"class":41},[31,160665,160666,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680],{"class":33,"line":7011},[31,160667,134],{"class":133},[31,160669,137],{"class":41},[31,160671,3049],{"class":140},[31,160673,99],{"class":41},[31,160675,49998],{"class":1561},[31,160677,137],{"class":41},[31,160679,3049],{"class":140},[31,160681,1569],{"class":41},[14,160683,358],{},[21,160685,160687],{"className":23,"code":160686,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[28,160688,160689,160706,160723],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160690,160691,160693,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160692,96],{"class":95},[31,160694,160695],{"class":88}," \u003C",[31,160697,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160699,379],{"class":259},[31,160701,2765],{"class":263},[31,160703,370],{"class":259},[31,160705,1606],{"class":88},[31,160707,160708,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719,160721],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160709,160710],{"class":37},"ten ",[31,160712,1593],{"class":88},[31,160714,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160716,379],{"class":259},[31,160718,4019],{"class":263},[31,160720,370],{"class":259},[31,160722,1606],{"class":88},[31,160724,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160726,42],{"class":41},[31,160728,96],{"class":95},[31,160730,13870],{"class":41},[31,160732,160695],{"class":88},[31,160734,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160736,379],{"class":259},[31,160738,8682],{"class":263},[31,160740,370],{"class":259},[31,160742,1606],{"class":88},[14,160744,160745,160747],{},[28,160746,2878],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160749,160750],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[21,160752,160754],{"className":23,"code":160753,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[28,160755,160756,160774,160788,160792,160806],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160759,3967],{"class":37},[31,160761,89],{"class":88},[31,160763,8831],{"class":133},[31,160765,137],{"class":41},[31,160767,260],{"class":259},[31,160769,42477],{"class":263},[31,160771,260],{"class":259},[31,160773,120],{"class":41},[31,160775,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160777,134],{"class":133},[31,160779,137],{"class":41},[31,160781,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160783,137],{"class":41},[31,160785,3993],{"class":140},[31,160787,1569],{"class":41},[31,160789,160790],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160791,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,160793,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,160795,123580],{"class":37},[31,160797,89],{"class":88},[31,160799,45884],{"class":1561},[31,160801,137],{"class":41},[31,160803,3993],{"class":140},[31,160805,120],{"class":41},[31,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,160809,134],{"class":133},[31,160811,137],{"class":41},[31,160813,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160815,137],{"class":41},[31,160817,123603],{"class":140},[31,160819,1569],{"class":41},[14,160821,41726,160822,41730],{},[28,160823,9785],{},[21,160825,160826],{"className":23,"code":125656,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,160827,160828,160842],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160829,160830,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160831,1593],{"class":88},[31,160833,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160835,379],{"class":259},[31,160837,4019],{"class":263},[31,160839,370],{"class":259},[31,160841,1606],{"class":88},[31,160843,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160845,1593],{"class":88},[31,160847,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160849,379],{"class":259},[31,160851,2765],{"class":263},[31,160853,370],{"class":259},[31,160855,1606],{"class":88},[14,160857,46311,160858,160862,160863,3456,160867,160871],{},[264,160859,160860],{"href":8808},[28,160861,3536],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[264,160864,160865],{"href":3452},[28,160866,3455],{},[264,160868,160869],{"href":3459},[28,160870,3462],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160873,160874,160875,70],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[264,160876,9572],{"href":9571},[72,160878,160880,11177,160882],{"id":160879},"type-vs-isinstance",[28,160881,2878],{},[28,160883,45413],{},[14,160885,160886,4975,160888,160890],{},[28,160887,2878],{},[28,160889,45413],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[228,160892,160893,160898],{},[231,160894,160895,160897],{},[28,160896,2878],{}," tells you the exact type",[231,160899,160900,160902],{},[28,160901,45413],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160904,242],{},[21,160906,160908],{"className":23,"code":160907,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[28,160909,160910,160918,160922,160936],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160911,160912,160914,160916],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160913,3022],{"class":37},[31,160915,89],{"class":88},[31,160917,35447],{"class":95},[31,160919,160920],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160921,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,160923,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,160925,134],{"class":133},[31,160927,137],{"class":41},[31,160929,1562],{"class":1561},[31,160931,137],{"class":41},[31,160933,3049],{"class":140},[31,160935,1569],{"class":41},[31,160937,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,160939,134],{"class":133},[31,160941,137],{"class":41},[31,160943,49484],{"class":133},[31,160945,137],{"class":41},[31,160947,3049],{"class":140},[31,160949,99],{"class":41},[31,160951,45884],{"class":1561},[31,160953,1569],{"class":41},[14,160955,358],{},[21,160957,160959],{"className":23,"code":160958,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[28,160960,160961,160975],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160962,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160964,1593],{"class":88},[31,160966,1597],{"class":1596},[31,160968,379],{"class":259},[31,160970,2765],{"class":263},[31,160972,370],{"class":259},[31,160974,1606],{"class":88},[31,160976,160977],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,160978,4560],{"class":4432},[14,160980,160981,160982,160984],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[28,160983,45413],{}," is more practical.",[21,160986,160988],{"className":23,"code":160987,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[28,160989,160990,160998,161002,161018],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,160991,160992,160994,160996],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,160993,3022],{"class":37},[31,160995,89],{"class":88},[31,160997,35447],{"class":95},[31,160999,161000],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161001,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,161003,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161005,7584],{"class":4457},[31,161007,50221],{"class":133},[31,161009,137],{"class":41},[31,161011,3049],{"class":140},[31,161013,99],{"class":41},[31,161015,45884],{"class":1561},[31,161017,8931],{"class":41},[31,161019,161020,161022,161024,161026,161029,161031],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161021,8657],{"class":133},[31,161023,137],{"class":41},[31,161025,260],{"class":259},[31,161027,161028],{"class":263},"This is an integer",[31,161030,260],{"class":259},[31,161032,120],{"class":41},[14,161034,2668,161035,161037],{},[28,161036,2878],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,161039,2668,161040,161042,161043,7759],{},[28,161041,45413],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[28,161044,7584],{},[14,161046,161047,161048,70],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[264,161049,4152,161051,4085],{"href":161050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[28,161052,45413],{},[72,161054,161056,161057],{"id":161055},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[28,161058,2878],{},[14,161060,161061],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[21,161063,161065],{"className":23,"code":161064,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[28,161066,161067],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161068,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077,161080,161082,161084],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161070,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161072,137],{"class":41},[31,161074,8256],{"class":140},[31,161076,99],{"class":41},[31,161078,161079],{"class":140}," bases",[31,161081,99],{"class":41},[31,161083,9762],{"class":1561},[31,161085,120],{"class":41},[14,161087,161088],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,161090,242],{},[21,161092,161094],{"className":23,"code":161093,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[28,161095,161096,161139,161143,161153],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161097,161098,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161112,161114,161116,161119,161121,161123,161126,161128,161130,161132,161135,161137],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161099,161100],{"class":37},"Person ",[31,161102,89],{"class":88},[31,161104,49998],{"class":1561},[31,161106,137],{"class":41},[31,161108,260],{"class":259},[31,161110,161111],{"class":263},"Person",[31,161113,260],{"class":259},[31,161115,99],{"class":41},[31,161117,161118],{"class":41}," (),",[31,161120,11082],{"class":41},[31,161122,260],{"class":259},[31,161124,161125],{"class":263},"species",[31,161127,260],{"class":259},[31,161129,48],{"class":41},[31,161131,271],{"class":259},[31,161133,161134],{"class":263},"human",[31,161136,260],{"class":259},[31,161138,31099],{"class":41},[31,161140,161141],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161142,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,161144,161145,161147,161149,161151],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161146,134],{"class":133},[31,161148,137],{"class":41},[31,161150,161111],{"class":140},[31,161152,120],{"class":41},[31,161154,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161156,134],{"class":133},[31,161158,137],{"class":41},[31,161160,161111],{"class":140},[31,161162,70],{"class":41},[31,161164,161125],{"class":25350},[31,161166,120],{"class":41},[14,161168,358],{},[21,161170,161172],{"className":23,"code":161171,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[28,161173,161174,161189],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161175,161176,161178,161180,161182,161185,161187],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161177,1593],{"class":88},[31,161179,1597],{"class":1596},[31,161181,379],{"class":259},[31,161183,161184],{"class":263},"__main__.Person",[31,161186,370],{"class":259},[31,161188,1606],{"class":88},[31,161190,161191],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161192,161193],{"class":37},"human\n",[14,161195,161196,161197,161199],{},"Most beginners do ",[67,161198,5213],{}," need this form.",[14,161201,161202],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[72,161204,5544,161206],{"id":161205},"when-to-use-type",[28,161207,2878],{},[14,161209,161210,13039],{},[28,161211,2878],{},[228,161213,161214,161217,161220,161223],{},[231,161215,161216],{},"debug unexpected values",[231,161218,161219],{},"check what a conversion produced",[231,161221,161222],{},"learn Python data types",[231,161224,161225],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,161227,6056],{},[21,161229,161231],{"className":23,"code":161230,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[28,161232,161233,161245,161259,161263,161277],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161234,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161236,35292],{"class":37},[31,161238,89],{"class":88},[31,161240,271],{"class":259},[31,161242,50854],{"class":263},[31,161244,3934],{"class":259},[31,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161248,2794],{"class":37},[31,161250,89],{"class":88},[31,161252,45884],{"class":1561},[31,161254,137],{"class":41},[31,161256,35313],{"class":140},[31,161258,120],{"class":41},[31,161260,161261],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161262,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,161264,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161266,134],{"class":133},[31,161268,137],{"class":41},[31,161270,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161272,137],{"class":41},[31,161274,35313],{"class":140},[31,161276,1569],{"class":41},[31,161278,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,161280,134],{"class":133},[31,161282,137],{"class":41},[31,161284,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161286,137],{"class":41},[31,161288,2816],{"class":140},[31,161290,1569],{"class":41},[14,161292,358],{},[21,161294,161295],{"className":23,"code":125656,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,161296,161297,161311],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161298,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161300,1593],{"class":88},[31,161302,1597],{"class":1596},[31,161304,379],{"class":259},[31,161306,4019],{"class":263},[31,161308,370],{"class":259},[31,161310,1606],{"class":88},[31,161312,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161314,1593],{"class":88},[31,161316,1597],{"class":1596},[31,161318,379],{"class":259},[31,161320,2765],{"class":263},[31,161322,370],{"class":259},[31,161324,1606],{"class":88},[14,161326,161327],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,161329,161330,161331,2766,161335,17670,161339,161343],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[264,161332,161333],{"href":42781},[28,161334,48292],{},[264,161336,161337],{"href":3452},[28,161338,3455],{},[264,161340,161341],{"href":3459},[28,161342,3462],{}," are often the next step.",[72,161345,25958],{"id":25957},[14,161347,161348,161349,161351],{},"A few things about ",[28,161350,2878],{}," often confuse beginners.",[613,161353,161355,161358],{"id":161354},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[28,161356,161357],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161360,65252],{},[21,161362,161364],{"className":23,"code":161363,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(5))\n",[28,161365,161366],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161367,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161369,134],{"class":133},[31,161371,137],{"class":41},[31,161373,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161375,137],{"class":41},[31,161377,559],{"class":95},[31,161379,1569],{"class":41},[14,161381,123499],{},[21,161383,161384],{"className":23,"code":156997,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,161385,161386],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161387,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161389,1593],{"class":88},[31,161391,1597],{"class":1596},[31,161393,379],{"class":259},[31,161395,2765],{"class":263},[31,161397,370],{"class":259},[31,161399,1606],{"class":88},[14,161401,41511,161402,161404,161405,70],{},[67,161403,5213],{}," print just ",[28,161406,2765],{},[14,161408,7263,161409,161411],{},[28,161410,2878],{}," returns a class object.",[613,161413,161415,2972,161417],{"id":161414},"input-returns-str",[28,161416,3536],{},[28,161418,4019],{},[14,161420,80127],{},[21,161422,161424],{"className":23,"code":161423,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[28,161425,161426,161444],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161427,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161429,3022],{"class":37},[31,161431,89],{"class":88},[31,161433,8831],{"class":133},[31,161435,137],{"class":41},[31,161437,260],{"class":259},[31,161439,46918],{"class":263},[31,161441,260],{"class":259},[31,161443,120],{"class":41},[31,161445,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161447,134],{"class":133},[31,161449,137],{"class":41},[31,161451,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161453,137],{"class":41},[31,161455,3049],{"class":140},[31,161457,1569],{"class":41},[14,161459,161460],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161462,161463,161464,3456,161466,70],{},"If you need a number, use ",[28,161465,3455],{},[28,161467,3462],{},[613,161469,161471],{"id":161470},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161473,161474],{},"Avoid code like this:",[21,161476,161478],{"className":23,"code":161477,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[28,161479,161480,161488,161492,161518],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161481,161482,161484,161486],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161483,3022],{"class":37},[31,161485,89],{"class":88},[31,161487,35447],{"class":95},[31,161489,161490],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161491,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,161493,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161495,7584],{"class":4457},[31,161497,49513],{"class":1561},[31,161499,137],{"class":41},[31,161501,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161503,137],{"class":41},[31,161505,3049],{"class":140},[31,161507,5945],{"class":41},[31,161509,6993],{"class":88},[31,161511,271],{"class":259},[31,161513,160212],{"class":263},[31,161515,260],{"class":259},[31,161517,6978],{"class":41},[31,161519,161520,161522,161524,161526,161529,161531],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161521,8657],{"class":133},[31,161523,137],{"class":41},[31,161525,260],{"class":259},[31,161527,161528],{"class":263},"It is an int",[31,161530,260],{"class":259},[31,161532,120],{"class":41},[14,161534,161535],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161537,161538],{},"Better options:",[21,161540,161542],{"className":23,"code":161541,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[28,161543,161544,161552,161556,161576],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161545,161546,161548,161550],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161547,3022],{"class":37},[31,161549,89],{"class":88},[31,161551,35447],{"class":95},[31,161553,161554],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161555,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,161557,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161559,134],{"class":133},[31,161561,137],{"class":41},[31,161563,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161565,137],{"class":41},[31,161567,3049],{"class":140},[31,161569,4238],{"class":41},[31,161571,6993],{"class":88},[31,161573,45884],{"class":1561},[31,161575,120],{"class":41},[31,161577,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161579,134],{"class":133},[31,161581,137],{"class":41},[31,161583,49484],{"class":133},[31,161585,137],{"class":41},[31,161587,3049],{"class":140},[31,161589,99],{"class":41},[31,161591,45884],{"class":1561},[31,161593,1569],{"class":41},[14,161595,358],{},[21,161597,161598],{"className":23,"code":5087,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,161599,161600,161604],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161601,161602],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161603,4560],{"class":4432},[31,161605,161606],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161607,4560],{"class":4432},[14,161609,161610,161611,161613],{},"In most real code, ",[28,161612,45413],{}," is the more useful check.",[72,161615,3407],{"id":3406},[14,161617,15331,161618,48],{},[28,161619,2878],{},[228,161621,161622,161632,161641,161650],{},[231,161623,9007,161624,161626,161627,161631],{},[28,161625,2878],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[264,161628,161629],{"href":8808},[28,161630,3536],{}," always returns a string",[231,161633,9043,161634,161636,161637,11685,161639],{},[28,161635,2878],{}," to return plain text like ",[28,161638,2765],{},[28,161640,160212],{},[231,161642,9007,161643,45237,161646,161649],{},[28,161644,161645],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[28,161647,161648],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[231,161651,161652],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161654,161655,161656,70],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[264,161657,161659],{"href":161658},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161661,145164],{},[21,161663,161665],{"className":23,"code":161664,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[28,161666,161667,161681,161691,161705,161715],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161668,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161670,134],{"class":133},[31,161672,137],{"class":41},[31,161674,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161676,137],{"class":41},[31,161678,3049],{"class":140},[31,161680,1569],{"class":41},[31,161682,161683,161685,161687,161689],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161684,134],{"class":133},[31,161686,137],{"class":41},[31,161688,3049],{"class":140},[31,161690,120],{"class":41},[31,161692,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161694,134],{"class":133},[31,161696,137],{"class":41},[31,161698,42385],{"class":133},[31,161700,137],{"class":41},[31,161702,3049],{"class":140},[31,161704,1569],{"class":41},[31,161706,161707,161709,161711,161713],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161708,32756],{"class":133},[31,161710,137],{"class":41},[31,161712,1562],{"class":1561},[31,161714,120],{"class":41},[31,161716,161717,161719,161721,161723],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,161718,34976],{"class":133},[31,161720,137],{"class":41},[31,161722,3049],{"class":140},[31,161724,120],{"class":41},[14,161726,161727],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[72,161729,2435],{"id":2434},[613,161731,2453,161733,5727],{"id":161732},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[28,161734,2878],{},[14,161736,161737,161738,2766,161740,2766,161742,2770,161744,161746,161747,70],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[28,161739,4019],{},[28,161741,2765],{},[28,161743,8682],{},[28,161745,9412],{},", shown as a class object like ",[28,161748,160209],{},[613,161750,15501,161752,57814,161754,2466],{"id":161751},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[28,161753,2878],{},[28,161755,45413],{},[14,161757,46973,161758,161760,161761,161763],{},[28,161759,2878],{}," shows the exact type. ",[28,161762,45413],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[613,161765,5740,161767,161770,161771,2466],{"id":161766},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[28,161768,161769],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[28,161772,4019],{},[14,161774,29663,161775,161777,161778,3456,161780,160871],{},[28,161776,3536],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[28,161779,3455],{},[28,161781,3462],{},[613,161783,5752,161785,161787],{"id":161784},"can-type-create-classes",[28,161786,2878],{}," create classes?",[14,161789,161790,161791,70],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[28,161792,161793],{},"type(object)",[72,161795,2475],{"id":2474},[228,161797,161798,161802,161808,161814,161818,161824,161830],{},[231,161799,161800],{},[264,161801,45405],{"href":49586},[231,161803,161804],{},[264,161805,4152,161806,4085],{"href":161050},[28,161807,45413],{},[231,161809,161810],{},[264,161811,4152,161812,4085],{"href":8808},[28,161813,3536],{},[231,161815,161816],{},[264,161817,9649],{"href":9571},[231,161819,161820],{},[264,161821,4152,161822,4085],{"href":3452},[28,161823,3455],{},[231,161825,161826],{},[264,161827,4152,161828,4085],{"href":3459},[28,161829,3462],{},[231,161831,161832],{},[264,161833,4152,161834,4085],{"href":42781},[28,161835,48292],{},[2499,161837,161838],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":161840},[161841,161842,161844,161845,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161861,161862,161872],{"id":4185,"depth":123,"text":4186},{"id":160215,"depth":123,"text":161843},"What the type() function does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":122467,"depth":123,"text":122468},{"id":160573,"depth":123,"text":161847},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160879,"depth":123,"text":161849},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161055,"depth":123,"text":161851},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161205,"depth":123,"text":161853},"When to use type()",{"id":25957,"depth":123,"text":25958,"children":161855},[161856,161858,161860],{"id":161354,"depth":130,"text":161857},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161414,"depth":130,"text":161859},"input() returns str",{"id":161470,"depth":130,"text":161471},{"id":3406,"depth":123,"text":3407},{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":161863},[161864,161866,161868,161870],{"id":161732,"depth":130,"text":161865},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161751,"depth":130,"text":161867},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161766,"depth":130,"text":161869},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161784,"depth":130,"text":161871},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160049,"description":161873},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161879,"title":161880,"body":161881,"description":164360,"extension":2542,"meta":164361,"navigation":126,"path":164362,"seo":164363,"stem":164364,"__hash__":164365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161882,"toc":164317},[161883,161888,161893,161902,161904,162004,162006,162031,162036,162041,162057,162060,162062,162064,162089,162092,162095,162178,162180,162229,162232,162354,162356,162429,162433,162436,162550,162552,162578,162580,162601,162606,162610,162615,162618,162722,162724,162741,162750,162753,162840,162842,162853,162858,162864,162869,162875,162878,162971,162973,163022,163028,163031,163132,163134,163187,163192,163196,163199,163298,163300,163339,163342,163347,163349,163354,163358,163471,163475,163572,163576,163664,163666,163683,163687,163810,163816,163822,163828,163833,163836,163863,163867,163869,163963,163966,163970,163973,164060,164063,164098,164100,164137,164140,164148,164153,164158,164232,164239,164241,164246,164249,164255,164258,164264,164269,164275,164280,164284,164287,164289,164314],[10,161884,4152,161886,4156],{"id":161885},"python-zip-function-explained",[28,161887,64928],{},[14,161889,161890,161892],{},[28,161891,64928],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161894,161895,161896,161898,161899,161901],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[28,161897,64928],{}," inside a ",[28,161900,6543],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[72,161903,75],{"id":74},[21,161905,161907],{"className":23,"code":161906,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[28,161908,161909,161941,161961,161965,161990],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,161910,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,161912,5578],{"class":37},[31,161914,89],{"class":88},[31,161916,4200],{"class":41},[31,161918,260],{"class":259},[31,161920,13476],{"class":263},[31,161922,260],{"class":259},[31,161924,99],{"class":41},[31,161926,271],{"class":259},[31,161928,36547],{"class":263},[31,161930,260],{"class":259},[31,161932,99],{"class":41},[31,161934,271],{"class":259},[31,161936,36556],{"class":263},[31,161938,260],{"class":259},[31,161940,59],{"class":41},[31,161942,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,161944,5647],{"class":37},[31,161946,89],{"class":88},[31,161948,4200],{"class":41},[31,161950,14099],{"class":95},[31,161952,99],{"class":41},[31,161954,14104],{"class":95},[31,161956,99],{"class":41},[31,161958,29522],{"class":95},[31,161960,59],{"class":41},[31,161962,161963],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,161964,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,161966,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,161968,6543],{"class":4457},[31,161970,36598],{"class":37},[31,161972,99],{"class":41},[31,161974,5688],{"class":37},[31,161976,4464],{"class":4457},[31,161978,161979],{"class":133}," zip",[31,161981,137],{"class":41},[31,161983,5622],{"class":140},[31,161985,99],{"class":41},[31,161987,5693],{"class":140},[31,161989,8931],{"class":41},[31,161991,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,161993,8657],{"class":133},[31,161995,137],{"class":41},[31,161997,8256],{"class":140},[31,161999,99],{"class":41},[31,162001,131445],{"class":140},[31,162003,120],{"class":41},[14,162005,358],{},[21,162007,162009],{"className":23,"code":162008,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[28,162010,162011,162017,162024],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162012,162013,162015],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162014,134463],{"class":37},[31,162016,33740],{"class":95},[31,162018,162019,162022],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162020,162021],{"class":37},"Ben ",[31,162023,33745],{"class":95},[31,162025,162026,162029],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162027,162028],{"class":37},"Cara ",[31,162030,33750],{"class":95},[14,162032,2668,162033,162035],{},[28,162034,64928],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[72,162037,4255,162039,4258],{"id":162038},"what-zip-does",[28,162040,64928],{},[228,162042,162043,162048,162051,162054],{},[231,162044,162045,162047],{},[28,162046,64928],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[231,162049,162050],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[231,162052,162053],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[231,162055,162056],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,162058,162059],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[72,162061,2733],{"id":2732},[14,162063,7805],{},[21,162065,162067],{"className":23,"code":162066,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[28,162068,162069],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162070,162071,162073,162075,162078,162080,162083,162085,162087],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162072,64998],{"class":133},[31,162074,137],{"class":41},[31,162076,162077],{"class":140},"iterable1",[31,162079,99],{"class":41},[31,162081,162082],{"class":140}," iterable2",[31,162084,99],{"class":41},[31,162086,35058],{"class":133},[31,162088,120],{"class":41},[14,162090,162091],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,162093,162094],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[21,162096,162098],{"className":23,"code":162097,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[28,162099,162100,162120,162152,162156],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162101,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162103,85],{"class":37},[31,162105,89],{"class":88},[31,162107,4200],{"class":41},[31,162109,146],{"class":95},[31,162111,99],{"class":41},[31,162113,3571],{"class":95},[31,162115,99],{"class":41},[31,162117,3027],{"class":95},[31,162119,59],{"class":41},[31,162121,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162123,252],{"class":37},[31,162125,89],{"class":88},[31,162127,4200],{"class":41},[31,162129,260],{"class":259},[31,162131,264],{"class":263},[31,162133,260],{"class":259},[31,162135,99],{"class":41},[31,162137,271],{"class":259},[31,162139,274],{"class":263},[31,162141,260],{"class":259},[31,162143,99],{"class":41},[31,162145,271],{"class":259},[31,162147,283],{"class":263},[31,162149,260],{"class":259},[31,162151,59],{"class":41},[31,162153,162154],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162155,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,162157,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,162159,134],{"class":133},[31,162161,137],{"class":41},[31,162163,8682],{"class":1561},[31,162165,137],{"class":41},[31,162167,64998],{"class":133},[31,162169,137],{"class":41},[31,162171,141],{"class":140},[31,162173,99],{"class":41},[31,162175,319],{"class":140},[31,162177,3490],{"class":41},[14,162179,358],{},[21,162181,162183],{"className":23,"code":162182,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[28,162184,162185],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162186,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162188,22339],{"class":41},[31,162190,146],{"class":95},[31,162192,99],{"class":41},[31,162194,379],{"class":259},[31,162196,264],{"class":263},[31,162198,370],{"class":259},[31,162200,9825],{"class":41},[31,162202,92],{"class":41},[31,162204,193],{"class":95},[31,162206,99],{"class":41},[31,162208,379],{"class":259},[31,162210,274],{"class":263},[31,162212,370],{"class":259},[31,162214,9825],{"class":41},[31,162216,92],{"class":41},[31,162218,173],{"class":95},[31,162220,99],{"class":41},[31,162222,379],{"class":259},[31,162224,283],{"class":263},[31,162226,370],{"class":259},[31,162228,9840],{"class":41},[14,162230,162231],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[21,162233,162235],{"className":23,"code":162234,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[28,162236,162237,162269,162289,162323,162327],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162238,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162240,5578],{"class":37},[31,162242,89],{"class":88},[31,162244,4200],{"class":41},[31,162246,260],{"class":259},[31,162248,13476],{"class":263},[31,162250,260],{"class":259},[31,162252,99],{"class":41},[31,162254,271],{"class":259},[31,162256,36547],{"class":263},[31,162258,260],{"class":259},[31,162260,99],{"class":41},[31,162262,271],{"class":259},[31,162264,36556],{"class":263},[31,162266,260],{"class":259},[31,162268,59],{"class":41},[31,162270,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162272,5647],{"class":37},[31,162274,89],{"class":88},[31,162276,4200],{"class":41},[31,162278,14099],{"class":95},[31,162280,99],{"class":41},[31,162282,14104],{"class":95},[31,162284,99],{"class":41},[31,162286,29522],{"class":95},[31,162288,59],{"class":41},[31,162290,162291,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162319,162321],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162292,162293],{"class":37},"grades ",[31,162295,89],{"class":88},[31,162297,4200],{"class":41},[31,162299,260],{"class":259},[31,162301,22844],{"class":263},[31,162303,260],{"class":259},[31,162305,99],{"class":41},[31,162307,271],{"class":259},[31,162309,31203],{"class":263},[31,162311,260],{"class":259},[31,162313,99],{"class":41},[31,162315,271],{"class":259},[31,162317,162318],{"class":263},"B+",[31,162320,260],{"class":259},[31,162322,59],{"class":41},[31,162324,162325],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,162326,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,162328,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162352],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,162330,134],{"class":133},[31,162332,137],{"class":41},[31,162334,8682],{"class":1561},[31,162336,137],{"class":41},[31,162338,64998],{"class":133},[31,162340,137],{"class":41},[31,162342,5622],{"class":140},[31,162344,99],{"class":41},[31,162346,5693],{"class":140},[31,162348,99],{"class":41},[31,162350,162351],{"class":140}," grades",[31,162353,3490],{"class":41},[14,162355,358],{},[21,162357,162359],{"className":23,"code":162358,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[28,162360,162361],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162364,22339],{"class":41},[31,162366,370],{"class":259},[31,162368,13476],{"class":263},[31,162370,370],{"class":259},[31,162372,99],{"class":41},[31,162374,20497],{"class":95},[31,162376,99],{"class":41},[31,162378,379],{"class":259},[31,162380,22844],{"class":263},[31,162382,370],{"class":259},[31,162384,9825],{"class":41},[31,162386,92],{"class":41},[31,162388,370],{"class":259},[31,162390,36547],{"class":263},[31,162392,370],{"class":259},[31,162394,99],{"class":41},[31,162396,14104],{"class":95},[31,162398,99],{"class":41},[31,162400,379],{"class":259},[31,162402,31203],{"class":263},[31,162404,370],{"class":259},[31,162406,9825],{"class":41},[31,162408,92],{"class":41},[31,162410,370],{"class":259},[31,162412,36556],{"class":263},[31,162414,370],{"class":259},[31,162416,99],{"class":41},[31,162418,29522],{"class":95},[31,162420,99],{"class":41},[31,162422,379],{"class":259},[31,162424,162318],{"class":263},[31,162426,370],{"class":259},[31,162428,9840],{"class":41},[72,162430,162432],{"id":162431},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162434,162435],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[21,162437,162439],{"className":23,"code":162438,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[28,162440,162441,162473,162493,162497,162521],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162442,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162444,5578],{"class":37},[31,162446,89],{"class":88},[31,162448,4200],{"class":41},[31,162450,260],{"class":259},[31,162452,13476],{"class":263},[31,162454,260],{"class":259},[31,162456,99],{"class":41},[31,162458,271],{"class":259},[31,162460,36547],{"class":263},[31,162462,260],{"class":259},[31,162464,99],{"class":41},[31,162466,271],{"class":259},[31,162468,36556],{"class":263},[31,162470,260],{"class":259},[31,162472,59],{"class":41},[31,162474,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162476,5647],{"class":37},[31,162478,89],{"class":88},[31,162480,4200],{"class":41},[31,162482,14099],{"class":95},[31,162484,99],{"class":41},[31,162486,14104],{"class":95},[31,162488,99],{"class":41},[31,162490,29522],{"class":95},[31,162492,59],{"class":41},[31,162494,162495],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162496,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,162498,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,162500,6543],{"class":4457},[31,162502,36598],{"class":37},[31,162504,99],{"class":41},[31,162506,5688],{"class":37},[31,162508,4464],{"class":4457},[31,162510,161979],{"class":133},[31,162512,137],{"class":41},[31,162514,5622],{"class":140},[31,162516,99],{"class":41},[31,162518,5693],{"class":140},[31,162520,8931],{"class":41},[31,162522,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,162524,8657],{"class":133},[31,162526,137],{"class":41},[31,162528,22893],{"class":1596},[31,162530,260],{"class":263},[31,162532,9869],{"class":95},[31,162534,8256],{"class":140},[31,162536,22902],{"class":95},[31,162538,162539],{"class":263}," scored ",[31,162541,9869],{"class":95},[31,162543,86104],{"class":140},[31,162545,22902],{"class":95},[31,162547,260],{"class":263},[31,162549,120],{"class":41},[14,162551,358],{},[21,162553,162555],{"className":23,"code":162554,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[28,162556,162557,162564,162571],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162558,162559,162562],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162560,162561],{"class":37},"Ana scored ",[31,162563,33740],{"class":95},[31,162565,162566,162569],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162567,162568],{"class":37},"Ben scored ",[31,162570,33745],{"class":95},[31,162572,162573,162576],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162574,162575],{"class":37},"Cara scored ",[31,162577,33750],{"class":95},[14,162579,45538],{},[228,162581,162582,162591,162594],{},[231,162583,162584,162587,162588],{},[28,162585,162586],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[28,162589,162590],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[231,162592,162593],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[231,162595,162596,4975,162598,162600],{},[28,162597,8256],{},[28,162599,86104],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162602,162603,162604,70],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[264,162605,70221],{"href":70220},[72,162607,162609],{"id":162608},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162611,162612,162614],{},[28,162613,64928],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162616,162617],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[21,162619,162621],{"className":23,"code":162620,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[28,162622,162623,162664,162680,162684,162708],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162624,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162660,162662],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162626,5578],{"class":37},[31,162628,89],{"class":88},[31,162630,4200],{"class":41},[31,162632,260],{"class":259},[31,162634,13476],{"class":263},[31,162636,260],{"class":259},[31,162638,99],{"class":41},[31,162640,271],{"class":259},[31,162642,36547],{"class":263},[31,162644,260],{"class":259},[31,162646,99],{"class":41},[31,162648,271],{"class":259},[31,162650,36556],{"class":263},[31,162652,260],{"class":259},[31,162654,99],{"class":41},[31,162656,271],{"class":259},[31,162658,162659],{"class":263},"Dan",[31,162661,260],{"class":259},[31,162663,59],{"class":41},[31,162665,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162667,5647],{"class":37},[31,162669,89],{"class":88},[31,162671,4200],{"class":41},[31,162673,14099],{"class":95},[31,162675,99],{"class":41},[31,162677,14104],{"class":95},[31,162679,59],{"class":41},[31,162681,162682],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162683,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,162685,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,162687,6543],{"class":4457},[31,162689,36598],{"class":37},[31,162691,99],{"class":41},[31,162693,5688],{"class":37},[31,162695,4464],{"class":4457},[31,162697,161979],{"class":133},[31,162699,137],{"class":41},[31,162701,5622],{"class":140},[31,162703,99],{"class":41},[31,162705,5693],{"class":140},[31,162707,8931],{"class":41},[31,162709,162710,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,162711,8657],{"class":133},[31,162713,137],{"class":41},[31,162715,8256],{"class":140},[31,162717,99],{"class":41},[31,162719,131445],{"class":140},[31,162721,120],{"class":41},[14,162723,358],{},[21,162725,162727],{"className":23,"code":162726,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[28,162728,162729,162735],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162730,162731,162733],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162732,134463],{"class":37},[31,162734,33740],{"class":95},[31,162736,162737,162739],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162738,162021],{"class":37},[31,162740,33745],{"class":95},[14,162742,2862,162743,4975,162746,162749],{},[28,162744,162745],{},"\"Cara\"",[28,162747,162748],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162751,162752],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[21,162754,162756],{"className":23,"code":162755,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[28,162757,162758,162798,162814,162818],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162759,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162761,5578],{"class":37},[31,162763,89],{"class":88},[31,162765,4200],{"class":41},[31,162767,260],{"class":259},[31,162769,13476],{"class":263},[31,162771,260],{"class":259},[31,162773,99],{"class":41},[31,162775,271],{"class":259},[31,162777,36547],{"class":263},[31,162779,260],{"class":259},[31,162781,99],{"class":41},[31,162783,271],{"class":259},[31,162785,36556],{"class":263},[31,162787,260],{"class":259},[31,162789,99],{"class":41},[31,162791,271],{"class":259},[31,162793,162659],{"class":263},[31,162795,260],{"class":259},[31,162797,59],{"class":41},[31,162799,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162801,5647],{"class":37},[31,162803,89],{"class":88},[31,162805,4200],{"class":41},[31,162807,14099],{"class":95},[31,162809,99],{"class":41},[31,162811,14104],{"class":95},[31,162813,59],{"class":41},[31,162815,162816],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162817,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,162821,134],{"class":133},[31,162823,137],{"class":41},[31,162825,2408],{"class":133},[31,162827,137],{"class":41},[31,162829,5622],{"class":140},[31,162831,9825],{"class":41},[31,162833,38991],{"class":133},[31,162835,137],{"class":41},[31,162837,16986],{"class":140},[31,162839,1569],{"class":41},[14,162841,358],{},[21,162843,162845],{"className":23,"code":162844,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"4 2\n",[28,162846,162847],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162848,162849,162851],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162850,151],{"class":95},[31,162852,46197],{"class":95},[14,162854,162855,162856,70],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[28,162857,64928],{},[72,162859,92695,162861,162863],{"id":162860},"converting-zip-output",[28,162862,64928],{}," output",[14,162865,29663,162866,162868],{},[28,162867,64928],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[613,162870,2668,162872],{"id":162871},"use-listzip",[28,162873,162874],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162876,162877],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[21,162879,162881],{"className":23,"code":162880,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[28,162882,162883,162915,162935,162939,162961],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162884,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162886,5578],{"class":37},[31,162888,89],{"class":88},[31,162890,4200],{"class":41},[31,162892,260],{"class":259},[31,162894,13476],{"class":263},[31,162896,260],{"class":259},[31,162898,99],{"class":41},[31,162900,271],{"class":259},[31,162902,36547],{"class":263},[31,162904,260],{"class":259},[31,162906,99],{"class":41},[31,162908,271],{"class":259},[31,162910,36556],{"class":263},[31,162912,260],{"class":259},[31,162914,59],{"class":41},[31,162916,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,162918,5647],{"class":37},[31,162920,89],{"class":88},[31,162922,4200],{"class":41},[31,162924,14099],{"class":95},[31,162926,99],{"class":41},[31,162928,14104],{"class":95},[31,162930,99],{"class":41},[31,162932,29522],{"class":95},[31,162934,59],{"class":41},[31,162936,162937],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,162938,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,162940,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,162942,9807],{"class":37},[31,162944,89],{"class":88},[31,162946,23159],{"class":1561},[31,162948,137],{"class":41},[31,162950,64998],{"class":133},[31,162952,137],{"class":41},[31,162954,5622],{"class":140},[31,162956,99],{"class":41},[31,162958,5693],{"class":140},[31,162960,1569],{"class":41},[31,162962,162963,162965,162967,162969],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,162964,134],{"class":133},[31,162966,137],{"class":41},[31,162968,9853],{"class":140},[31,162970,120],{"class":41},[14,162972,358],{},[21,162974,162976],{"className":23,"code":162975,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[28,162977,162978],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,162979,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,162981,22339],{"class":41},[31,162983,370],{"class":259},[31,162985,13476],{"class":263},[31,162987,370],{"class":259},[31,162989,99],{"class":41},[31,162991,20497],{"class":95},[31,162993,9825],{"class":41},[31,162995,92],{"class":41},[31,162997,370],{"class":259},[31,162999,36547],{"class":263},[31,163001,370],{"class":259},[31,163003,99],{"class":41},[31,163005,14104],{"class":95},[31,163007,9825],{"class":41},[31,163009,92],{"class":41},[31,163011,370],{"class":259},[31,163013,36556],{"class":263},[31,163015,370],{"class":259},[31,163017,99],{"class":41},[31,163019,29522],{"class":95},[31,163021,9840],{"class":41},[613,163023,2668,163025],{"id":163024},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[28,163026,163027],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,163029,163030],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[21,163032,163034],{"className":23,"code":163033,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[28,163035,163036,163068,163096,163100,163122],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163037,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163039,17840],{"class":37},[31,163041,89],{"class":88},[31,163043,4200],{"class":41},[31,163045,260],{"class":259},[31,163047,8256],{"class":263},[31,163049,260],{"class":259},[31,163051,99],{"class":41},[31,163053,271],{"class":259},[31,163055,9890],{"class":263},[31,163057,260],{"class":259},[31,163059,99],{"class":41},[31,163061,271],{"class":259},[31,163063,11000],{"class":263},[31,163065,260],{"class":259},[31,163067,59],{"class":41},[31,163069,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163071,4402],{"class":37},[31,163073,89],{"class":88},[31,163075,4200],{"class":41},[31,163077,260],{"class":259},[31,163079,13476],{"class":263},[31,163081,260],{"class":259},[31,163083,99],{"class":41},[31,163085,9897],{"class":95},[31,163087,99],{"class":41},[31,163089,271],{"class":259},[31,163091,16628],{"class":263},[31,163093,260],{"class":259},[31,163095,59],{"class":41},[31,163097,163098],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163099,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163101,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163103,13801],{"class":37},[31,163105,89],{"class":88},[31,163107,9762],{"class":1561},[31,163109,137],{"class":41},[31,163111,64998],{"class":133},[31,163113,137],{"class":41},[31,163115,17521],{"class":140},[31,163117,99],{"class":41},[31,163119,4467],{"class":140},[31,163121,1569],{"class":41},[31,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163125,134],{"class":133},[31,163127,137],{"class":41},[31,163129,17905],{"class":140},[31,163131,120],{"class":41},[14,163133,358],{},[21,163135,163137],{"className":23,"code":163136,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[28,163138,163139],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163140,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163142,9869],{"class":41},[31,163144,370],{"class":259},[31,163146,8256],{"class":263},[31,163148,370],{"class":259},[31,163150,48],{"class":41},[31,163152,379],{"class":259},[31,163154,13476],{"class":263},[31,163156,370],{"class":259},[31,163158,99],{"class":41},[31,163160,379],{"class":259},[31,163162,9890],{"class":263},[31,163164,370],{"class":259},[31,163166,48],{"class":41},[31,163168,9897],{"class":95},[31,163170,99],{"class":41},[31,163172,379],{"class":259},[31,163174,11000],{"class":263},[31,163176,370],{"class":259},[31,163178,48],{"class":41},[31,163180,379],{"class":259},[31,163182,16628],{"class":263},[31,163184,370],{"class":259},[31,163186,9900],{"class":41},[14,163188,163189,163190,70],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[264,163191,31690],{"href":31689},[613,163193,163195],{"id":163194},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,163197,163198],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[21,163200,163202],{"className":23,"code":163201,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[28,163203,163204,163228,163244,163248,163266,163270,163284],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163205,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163207,5578],{"class":37},[31,163209,89],{"class":88},[31,163211,4200],{"class":41},[31,163213,260],{"class":259},[31,163215,13476],{"class":263},[31,163217,260],{"class":259},[31,163219,99],{"class":41},[31,163221,271],{"class":259},[31,163223,36547],{"class":263},[31,163225,260],{"class":259},[31,163227,59],{"class":41},[31,163229,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163231,5647],{"class":37},[31,163233,89],{"class":88},[31,163235,4200],{"class":41},[31,163237,14099],{"class":95},[31,163239,99],{"class":41},[31,163241,14104],{"class":95},[31,163243,59],{"class":41},[31,163245,163246],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163247,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163249,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163251,9807],{"class":37},[31,163253,89],{"class":88},[31,163255,161979],{"class":133},[31,163257,137],{"class":41},[31,163259,5622],{"class":140},[31,163261,99],{"class":41},[31,163263,5693],{"class":140},[31,163265,120],{"class":41},[31,163267,163268],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163269,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,163273,134],{"class":133},[31,163275,137],{"class":41},[31,163277,8682],{"class":1561},[31,163279,137],{"class":41},[31,163281,9853],{"class":140},[31,163283,1569],{"class":41},[31,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,163287,134],{"class":133},[31,163289,137],{"class":41},[31,163291,8682],{"class":1561},[31,163293,137],{"class":41},[31,163295,9853],{"class":140},[31,163297,1569],{"class":41},[14,163299,358],{},[21,163301,163303],{"className":23,"code":163302,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[28,163304,163305,163335],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163306,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331,163333],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163308,22339],{"class":41},[31,163310,370],{"class":259},[31,163312,13476],{"class":263},[31,163314,370],{"class":259},[31,163316,99],{"class":41},[31,163318,20497],{"class":95},[31,163320,9825],{"class":41},[31,163322,92],{"class":41},[31,163324,370],{"class":259},[31,163326,36547],{"class":263},[31,163328,370],{"class":259},[31,163330,99],{"class":41},[31,163332,14104],{"class":95},[31,163334,9840],{"class":41},[31,163336,163337],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163338,38902],{"class":41},[14,163340,163341],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,163343,163344,163345,70],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[264,163346,5719],{"href":6171},[72,163348,41651],{"id":41650},[14,163350,163351,163352,70],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[28,163353,64928],{},[613,163355,163357],{"id":163356},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[21,163359,163361],{"className":23,"code":163360,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[28,163362,163363,163395,163415,163419,163443],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163364,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391,163393],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163366,5578],{"class":37},[31,163368,89],{"class":88},[31,163370,4200],{"class":41},[31,163372,260],{"class":259},[31,163374,13476],{"class":263},[31,163376,260],{"class":259},[31,163378,99],{"class":41},[31,163380,271],{"class":259},[31,163382,36547],{"class":263},[31,163384,260],{"class":259},[31,163386,99],{"class":41},[31,163388,271],{"class":259},[31,163390,36556],{"class":263},[31,163392,260],{"class":259},[31,163394,59],{"class":41},[31,163396,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163398,5647],{"class":37},[31,163400,89],{"class":88},[31,163402,4200],{"class":41},[31,163404,14099],{"class":95},[31,163406,99],{"class":41},[31,163408,14104],{"class":95},[31,163410,99],{"class":41},[31,163412,29522],{"class":95},[31,163414,59],{"class":41},[31,163416,163417],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163418,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163420,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163422,6543],{"class":4457},[31,163424,36598],{"class":37},[31,163426,99],{"class":41},[31,163428,5688],{"class":37},[31,163430,4464],{"class":4457},[31,163432,161979],{"class":133},[31,163434,137],{"class":41},[31,163436,5622],{"class":140},[31,163438,99],{"class":41},[31,163440,5693],{"class":140},[31,163442,8931],{"class":41},[31,163444,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467,163469],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163446,8657],{"class":133},[31,163448,137],{"class":41},[31,163450,22893],{"class":1596},[31,163452,260],{"class":263},[31,163454,9869],{"class":95},[31,163456,8256],{"class":140},[31,163458,22902],{"class":95},[31,163460,22905],{"class":263},[31,163462,9869],{"class":95},[31,163464,86104],{"class":140},[31,163466,22902],{"class":95},[31,163468,260],{"class":263},[31,163470,120],{"class":41},[613,163472,163474],{"id":163473},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[21,163476,163478],{"className":23,"code":163477,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[28,163479,163480,163512,163536,163540,163562],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163481,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500,163502,163504,163506,163508,163510],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163483,17840],{"class":37},[31,163485,89],{"class":88},[31,163487,4200],{"class":41},[31,163489,260],{"class":259},[31,163491,13244],{"class":263},[31,163493,260],{"class":259},[31,163495,99],{"class":41},[31,163497,271],{"class":259},[31,163499,8256],{"class":263},[31,163501,260],{"class":259},[31,163503,99],{"class":41},[31,163505,271],{"class":259},[31,163507,16418],{"class":263},[31,163509,260],{"class":259},[31,163511,59],{"class":41},[31,163513,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163515,4402],{"class":37},[31,163517,89],{"class":88},[31,163519,4200],{"class":41},[31,163521,47200],{"class":95},[31,163523,99],{"class":41},[31,163525,271],{"class":259},[31,163527,13476],{"class":263},[31,163529,260],{"class":259},[31,163531,99],{"class":41},[31,163533,4496],{"class":4432},[31,163535,59],{"class":41},[31,163537,163538],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163539,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163541,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163543,9757],{"class":37},[31,163545,89],{"class":88},[31,163547,9762],{"class":1561},[31,163549,137],{"class":41},[31,163551,64998],{"class":133},[31,163553,137],{"class":41},[31,163555,17521],{"class":140},[31,163557,99],{"class":41},[31,163559,4467],{"class":140},[31,163561,1569],{"class":41},[31,163563,163564,163566,163568,163570],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163565,134],{"class":133},[31,163567,137],{"class":41},[31,163569,9796],{"class":140},[31,163571,120],{"class":41},[613,163573,163575],{"id":163574},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[21,163577,163579],{"className":23,"code":163578,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[28,163580,163581,163601,163621,163625,163650],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163582,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163584,81242],{"class":37},[31,163586,89],{"class":88},[31,163588,4200],{"class":41},[31,163590,96],{"class":95},[31,163592,99],{"class":41},[31,163594,102],{"class":95},[31,163596,99],{"class":41},[31,163598,107],{"class":95},[31,163600,59],{"class":41},[31,163602,163603,163605,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163604,81263],{"class":37},[31,163606,89],{"class":88},[31,163608,4200],{"class":41},[31,163610,96],{"class":95},[31,163612,99],{"class":41},[31,163614,9897],{"class":95},[31,163616,99],{"class":41},[31,163618,107],{"class":95},[31,163620,59],{"class":41},[31,163622,163623],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163624,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163626,163627,163629,163631,163633,163636,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163628,6543],{"class":4457},[31,163630,57496],{"class":37},[31,163632,99],{"class":41},[31,163634,163635],{"class":37}," b ",[31,163637,4464],{"class":4457},[31,163639,161979],{"class":133},[31,163641,137],{"class":41},[31,163643,112334],{"class":140},[31,163645,99],{"class":41},[31,163647,81306],{"class":140},[31,163649,8931],{"class":41},[31,163651,163652,163654,163656,163658,163660,163662],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163653,8657],{"class":133},[31,163655,137],{"class":41},[31,163657,3130],{"class":140},[31,163659,5271],{"class":88},[31,163661,3135],{"class":140},[31,163663,120],{"class":41},[14,163665,358],{},[21,163667,163669],{"className":23,"code":163668,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[28,163670,163671,163675,163679],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163672,163673],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163674,4560],{"class":4432},[31,163676,163677],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163678,4621],{"class":4432},[31,163680,163681],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163682,4560],{"class":4432},[613,163684,163686],{"id":163685},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[21,163688,163690],{"className":23,"code":163689,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[28,163691,163692,163727,163750,163754,163781],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163693,163694,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163714,163716,163718,163720,163723,163725],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163695,163696],{"class":37},"products ",[31,163698,89],{"class":88},[31,163700,4200],{"class":41},[31,163702,260],{"class":259},[31,163704,25741],{"class":263},[31,163706,260],{"class":259},[31,163708,99],{"class":41},[31,163710,271],{"class":259},[31,163712,163713],{"class":263},"Pen",[31,163715,260],{"class":259},[31,163717,99],{"class":41},[31,163719,271],{"class":259},[31,163721,163722],{"class":263},"Bag",[31,163724,260],{"class":259},[31,163726,59],{"class":41},[31,163728,163729,163731,163733,163735,163738,163740,163743,163745,163748],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163730,83632],{"class":37},[31,163732,89],{"class":88},[31,163734,4200],{"class":41},[31,163736,163737],{"class":95},"12.5",[31,163739,99],{"class":41},[31,163741,163742],{"class":95}," 1.2",[31,163744,99],{"class":41},[31,163746,163747],{"class":95}," 25.0",[31,163749,59],{"class":41},[31,163751,163752],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163753,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163755,163756,163758,163760,163762,163765,163767,163769,163771,163774,163776,163779],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163757,6543],{"class":4457},[31,163759,25802],{"class":37},[31,163761,99],{"class":41},[31,163763,163764],{"class":37}," price ",[31,163766,4464],{"class":4457},[31,163768,161979],{"class":133},[31,163770,137],{"class":41},[31,163772,163773],{"class":140},"products",[31,163775,99],{"class":41},[31,163777,163778],{"class":140}," prices",[31,163780,8931],{"class":41},[31,163782,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793,163795,163797,163800,163802,163804,163806,163808],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163784,8657],{"class":133},[31,163786,137],{"class":41},[31,163788,22893],{"class":1596},[31,163790,260],{"class":263},[31,163792,9869],{"class":95},[31,163794,27610],{"class":140},[31,163796,22902],{"class":95},[31,163798,163799],{"class":263}," costs $",[31,163801,9869],{"class":95},[31,163803,25750],{"class":140},[31,163805,22902],{"class":95},[31,163807,260],{"class":263},[31,163809,120],{"class":41},[14,163811,37206,163812,70],{},[264,163813,163815],{"href":163814},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[72,163817,163819,163820],{"id":163818},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[28,163821,64928],{},[613,163823,9043,163825,163827],{"id":163824},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[28,163826,64928],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163829,163830,163832],{},[28,163831,64928],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163834,163835],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[21,163837,163839],{"className":23,"code":163838,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[28,163840,163841],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163842,163843,163845,163847,163849,163851,163853,163855,163857,163859,163861],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163844,134],{"class":133},[31,163846,137],{"class":41},[31,163848,2408],{"class":133},[31,163850,137],{"class":41},[31,163852,112334],{"class":140},[31,163854,9825],{"class":41},[31,163856,38991],{"class":133},[31,163858,137],{"class":41},[31,163860,81529],{"class":140},[31,163862,1569],{"class":41},[613,163864,163866],{"id":163865},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163868,69444],{},[21,163870,163872],{"className":23,"code":163871,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[28,163873,163874,163910,163914,163927,163937,163941,163953],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163875,163876,163878,163880,163882,163884,163886,163888,163890,163892,163894,163896,163898,163900,163902,163904,163906,163908],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163877,9807],{"class":37},[31,163879,89],{"class":88},[31,163881,161979],{"class":133},[31,163883,3564],{"class":41},[31,163885,146],{"class":95},[31,163887,99],{"class":41},[31,163889,3571],{"class":95},[31,163891,18661],{"class":41},[31,163893,4200],{"class":41},[31,163895,260],{"class":259},[31,163897,264],{"class":263},[31,163899,260],{"class":259},[31,163901,99],{"class":41},[31,163903,271],{"class":259},[31,163905,274],{"class":263},[31,163907,260],{"class":259},[31,163909,566],{"class":41},[31,163911,163912],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,163913,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163915,163916,163918,163920,163922,163925],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,163917,6543],{"class":4457},[31,163919,6546],{"class":37},[31,163921,4464],{"class":4457},[31,163923,163924],{"class":37}," pairs",[31,163926,6978],{"class":41},[31,163928,163929,163931,163933,163935],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,163930,8657],{"class":133},[31,163932,137],{"class":41},[31,163934,23910],{"class":140},[31,163936,120],{"class":41},[31,163938,163939],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,163940,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,163942,163943,163945,163947,163949,163951],{"class":33,"line":201},[31,163944,6543],{"class":4457},[31,163946,6546],{"class":37},[31,163948,4464],{"class":4457},[31,163950,163924],{"class":37},[31,163952,6978],{"class":41},[31,163954,163955,163957,163959,163961],{"class":33,"line":7000},[31,163956,8657],{"class":133},[31,163958,137],{"class":41},[31,163960,23910],{"class":140},[31,163962,120],{"class":41},[14,163964,163965],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[613,163967,163969],{"id":163968},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163971,163972],{},"This is correct:",[21,163974,163976],{"className":23,"code":163975,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[28,163977,163978,164002,164018,164022,164046],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,163979,163980,163982,163984,163986,163988,163990,163992,163994,163996,163998,164000],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,163981,5578],{"class":37},[31,163983,89],{"class":88},[31,163985,4200],{"class":41},[31,163987,260],{"class":259},[31,163989,13476],{"class":263},[31,163991,260],{"class":259},[31,163993,99],{"class":41},[31,163995,271],{"class":259},[31,163997,36547],{"class":263},[31,163999,260],{"class":259},[31,164001,59],{"class":41},[31,164003,164004,164006,164008,164010,164012,164014,164016],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,164005,5647],{"class":37},[31,164007,89],{"class":88},[31,164009,4200],{"class":41},[31,164011,14099],{"class":95},[31,164013,99],{"class":41},[31,164015,14104],{"class":95},[31,164017,59],{"class":41},[31,164019,164020],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,164021,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,164023,164024,164026,164028,164030,164032,164034,164036,164038,164040,164042,164044],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,164025,6543],{"class":4457},[31,164027,36598],{"class":37},[31,164029,99],{"class":41},[31,164031,5688],{"class":37},[31,164033,4464],{"class":4457},[31,164035,161979],{"class":133},[31,164037,137],{"class":41},[31,164039,5622],{"class":140},[31,164041,99],{"class":41},[31,164043,5693],{"class":140},[31,164045,8931],{"class":41},[31,164047,164048,164050,164052,164054,164056,164058],{"class":33,"line":181},[31,164049,8657],{"class":133},[31,164051,137],{"class":41},[31,164053,8256],{"class":140},[31,164055,99],{"class":41},[31,164057,131445],{"class":140},[31,164059,120],{"class":41},[14,164061,164062],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[21,164064,164066],{"className":23,"code":164065,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[28,164067,164068,164088],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,164069,164070,164072,164074,164076,164078,164080,164082,164084,164086],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,164071,6543],{"class":4457},[31,164073,6546],{"class":37},[31,164075,4464],{"class":4457},[31,164077,161979],{"class":133},[31,164079,137],{"class":41},[31,164081,5622],{"class":140},[31,164083,99],{"class":41},[31,164085,5693],{"class":140},[31,164087,8931],{"class":41},[31,164089,164090,164092,164094,164096],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,164091,8657],{"class":133},[31,164093,137],{"class":41},[31,164095,23910],{"class":140},[31,164097,120],{"class":41},[14,164099,358],{},[21,164101,164103],{"className":23,"code":164102,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[28,164104,164105,164121],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,164106,164107,164109,164111,164113,164115,164117,164119],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,164108,137],{"class":41},[31,164110,370],{"class":259},[31,164112,13476],{"class":263},[31,164114,370],{"class":259},[31,164116,99],{"class":41},[31,164118,20497],{"class":95},[31,164120,120],{"class":41},[31,164122,164123,164125,164127,164129,164131,164133,164135],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,164124,137],{"class":41},[31,164126,370],{"class":259},[31,164128,36547],{"class":263},[31,164130,370],{"class":259},[31,164132,99],{"class":41},[31,164134,14104],{"class":95},[31,164136,120],{"class":41},[14,164138,164139],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[613,164141,9007,164143,164145,164146],{"id":164142},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[28,164144,64928],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[28,164147,36355],{},[14,164149,2668,164150,164152],{},[28,164151,64928],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,164154,2668,164155,164157],{},[28,164156,36355],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[21,164159,164160],{"className":23,"code":36524,"language":25,"meta":26,"style":26},[28,164161,164162,164194,164198,164218],{"__ignoreMap":26},[31,164163,164164,164166,164168,164170,164172,164174,164176,164178,164180,164182,164184,164186,164188,164190,164192],{"class":33,"line":34},[31,164165,5578],{"class":37},[31,164167,89],{"class":88},[31,164169,4200],{"class":41},[31,164171,260],{"class":259},[31,164173,13476],{"class":263},[31,164175,260],{"class":259},[31,164177,99],{"class":41},[31,164179,271],{"class":259},[31,164181,36547],{"class":263},[31,164183,260],{"class":259},[31,164185,99],{"class":41},[31,164187,271],{"class":259},[31,164189,36556],{"class":263},[31,164191,260],{"class":259},[31,164193,59],{"class":41},[31,164195,164196],{"class":33,"line":123},[31,164197,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[31,164199,164200,164202,164204,164206,164208,164210,164212,164214,164216],{"class":33,"line":130},[31,164201,6543],{"class":4457},[31,164203,36427],{"class":37},[31,164205,99],{"class":41},[31,164207,36575],{"class":37},[31,164209,4464],{"class":4457},[31,164211,36437],{"class":133},[31,164213,137],{"class":41},[31,164215,5622],{"class":140},[31,164217,8931],{"class":41},[31,164219,164220,164222,164224,164226,164228,164230],{"class":33,"line":161},[31,164221,8657],{"class":133},[31,164223,137],{"class":41},[31,164225,36452],{"class":140},[31,164227,99],{"class":41},[31,164229,36598],{"class":140},[31,164231,120],{"class":41},[14,164233,164234,164235,70],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[264,164236,4152,164237,4085],{"href":92607},[28,164238,36355],{},[72,164240,2435],{"id":2434},[613,164242,2453,164244,5727],{"id":164243},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[28,164245,64928],{},[14,164247,164248],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[613,164250,13299,164252,164254],{"id":164251},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[28,164253,64928],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,164256,164257],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[613,164259,164261,164262,2466],{"id":164260},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[28,164263,64928],{},[14,164265,164266,164267,70],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[28,164268,162874],{},[613,164270,164272,164273,2466],{"id":164271},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[28,164274,64928],{},[14,164276,128810,164277,164279],{},[28,164278,163027],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[613,164281,164283],{"id":164282},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,164285,164286],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[72,164288,2475],{"id":2474},[228,164290,164291,164296,164302,164306,164310],{},[231,164292,164293],{},[264,164294,164295],{"href":163814},"How to use zip in Python",[231,164297,164298],{},[264,164299,4152,164300,4085],{"href":92607},[28,164301,36355],{},[231,164303,164304],{},[264,164305,5799],{"href":6171},[231,164307,164308],{},[264,164309,70297],{"href":70220},[231,164311,164312],{},[264,164313,32864],{"href":31689},[2499,164315,164316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":26,"searchDepth":123,"depth":123,"links":164318},[164319,164320,164322,164323,164324,164325,164333,164339,164348,164359],{"id":74,"depth":123,"text":75},{"id":162038,"depth":123,"text":164321},"What zip() does",{"id":2732,"depth":123,"text":2733},{"id":162431,"depth":123,"text":162432},{"id":162608,"depth":123,"text":162609},{"id":162860,"depth":123,"text":164326,"children":164327},"Converting zip() output",[164328,164330,164332],{"id":162871,"depth":130,"text":164329},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":163024,"depth":130,"text":164331},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163194,"depth":130,"text":163195},{"id":41650,"depth":123,"text":41651,"children":164334},[164335,164336,164337,164338],{"id":163356,"depth":130,"text":163357},{"id":163473,"depth":130,"text":163474},{"id":163574,"depth":130,"text":163575},{"id":163685,"depth":130,"text":163686},{"id":163818,"depth":123,"text":164340,"children":164341},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164342,164344,164345,164346],{"id":163824,"depth":130,"text":164343},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163865,"depth":130,"text":163866},{"id":163968,"depth":130,"text":163969},{"id":164142,"depth":130,"text":164347},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2434,"depth":123,"text":2435,"children":164349},[164350,164352,164354,164356,164358],{"id":164243,"depth":130,"text":164351},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164251,"depth":130,"text":164353},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164260,"depth":130,"text":164355},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164271,"depth":130,"text":164357},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164282,"depth":130,"text":164283},{"id":2474,"depth":123,"text":2475},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161880,"description":164360},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944956476]